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Winter 2019 Full Issue the .SU
Naval War College Review Volume 72 Article 1 Number 1 Winter 2019 2019 Winter 2019 Full Issue The .SU . Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Naval War College, The .SU . (2019) "Winter 2019 Full Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 72 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol72/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naval War College: Winter 2019 Full Issue Winter 2019 Volume 72, Number 1 Winter 2019 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2019 1 Naval War College Review, Vol. 72 [2019], No. 1, Art. 1 Cover Aerial view of an international container cargo ship. In “Ships of State?,” Christopher R. O’Dea describes how China COSCO Shipping Corporation Limited has come to control a rapidly expanding network of ports and terminals, ostensibly for commercial purposes, but has thereby gained the ability to project power through the increased physical presence of its naval vessels—turning the oceans that historically have protected the United States from foreign threats into a venue in which China can challenge U.S. interests. Credit: Getty Images https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol72/iss1/1 2 Naval War College: Winter 2019 Full Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Winter 2019 Volume 72, Number 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. -
2019 China Military Power Report
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 Office of the Secretary of Defense Preparation of this report cost the Department of Defense a total of approximately $181,000 in Fiscal Years 2018-2019. This includes $12,000 in expenses and $169,000 in DoD labor. Generated on 2019May02 RefID: E-1F4B924 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, as Amended Section 1260, “Annual Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,” of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, Public Law 115-232, which amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Section 1202, Public Law 106-65, provides that the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report “in both classified and unclassified form, on military and security developments involving the People’s Republic of China. The report shall address the current and probable future course of military-technological development of the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets and probable development of Chinese security strategy and military strategy, and of the military organizations and operational concepts supporting such development over the next 20 years. -
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles The Chinese Navy Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Saunders, EDITED BY Yung, Swaine, PhILLIP C. SAUNderS, ChrISToPher YUNG, and Yang MIChAeL Swaine, ANd ANdreW NIeN-dzU YANG CeNTer For The STUdY oF ChINeSe MilitarY AffairS INSTITUTe For NATIoNAL STrATeGIC STUdIeS NatioNAL deFeNSe UNIverSITY COVER 4 SPINE 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY COVER.indd 3 COVER 1 11/29/11 12:35 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 1 11/29/11 12:37 PM 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 2 11/29/11 12:37 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Edited by Phillip C. Saunders, Christopher D. Yung, Michael Swaine, and Andrew Nien-Dzu Yang Published by National Defense University Press for the Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute for National Strategic Studies Washington, D.C. 2011 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 3 11/29/11 12:37 PM Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Chapter 5 was originally published as an article of the same title in Asian Security 5, no. 2 (2009), 144–169. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Used by permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Chinese Navy : expanding capabilities, evolving roles / edited by Phillip C. Saunders ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. -
China Maritime Report No. 8: Winning Friends and Influencing People: Naval Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics
U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons CMSI China Maritime Reports China Maritime Studies Institute 9-2020 China Maritime Report No. 8: Winning Friends and Influencing People: Naval Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics Timothy R. Heath Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-maritime-reports Recommended Citation Heath, Timothy R., "China Maritime Report No. 8: Winning Friends and Influencing eople:P Naval Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics" (2020). CMSI China Maritime Reports. 8. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-maritime-reports/8 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the China Maritime Studies Institute at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in CMSI China Maritime Reports by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Summary In recent years, Chinese leaders have called on the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) to carry out tasks related to naval diplomacy beyond maritime East Asia, in the “far seas.” Designed to directly support broader strategic and foreign policy objectives, the PLAN participates in a range of overtly political naval diplomatic activities, both ashore and at sea, from senior leader engagements to joint exercises with foreign navies. These activities have involved a catalogue of platforms, from surface combatants to hospital ships, and included Chinese naval personnel of all ranks. To date, these acts of naval diplomacy have been generally peaceful and cooperative in nature, owing primarily to the service’s limited power projection capabilities and China’s focus on more pressing security matters closer to home. -
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The 70th Anniversary of the Founding of The People’s Republic of China Contents Page No. Editor’s Note i The belt and road – The beacon for a new era 1 Abul Hasan Chowdhury Strategic partnership between Dhaka and Beijing gains momentum 3 Muhammad Zamir The Emergence of a Matured Power: China and International Order 5 Dr. Lailufar Yasmin Concept of One Belt One Grid Initiative (BGI) Emerged from Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 7 Engr. Mohammad Hossain Brooks No Further Delay 9 Dr. M Enamul Huq Cooperation on the Joint Development of the Belt and Road Opportunities for Bangladesh 10 Dr. Liu Jinqian Challenge and opportunity of Bangladesh-China FTA 13 M S Siddiqui China-Bangladesh Cultural Exchange: A “Belt and Road” Success Story 15 Kishore Biswas Belt and Road Initiative can help ease regional tension 17 Prof. Sarwar Md. Saifullah Khaled China's Defense Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP 18 10 Chinese officers promoted to rank of general Xinhua 19 evsjv‡`k-Pxb m¤úK© 20 †gvkvwn` Avn‡g` AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZi KvjZvgvgx- Pxb I `w¶Y Gwkqv 22 Bgivb †PŠayix wewmAvBGg-BwmÕi gva¨‡g m¤¢vebvi `yqvi D‡b¥vPb 24 i椧b DwÏb Avn‡g` we`y¨r weZi‡Yi Dbœq‡b Px‡bi m‡½ FY Pyw³ 25 wiqvRyj evkvi Editor’s Note It has been 70 years since Mao Zedong stood in the Tiananmen Square in Bei - jing to declare the beginning of the People's Republic of China. To the outside world, China's transformation from an agrarian society into one of the World's most powerful economies is nothing short of miraculous. -
The People's Liberation Army's 37 Academic Institutions the People's
The People’s Liberation Army’s 37 Academic Institutions Kenneth Allen • Mingzhi Chen Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN: 9798635621417 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 Design by Heisey-Grove Design All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI Twitter: https://twitter.com/CASI_Research | @CASI_Research Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal, academic, or governmental use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete however, it is requested that reproductions credit the author and China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI). -
Nuclear Weapons Cloud 70 Years of Friendship
CHINA- KOREA RELATIONS NUCLEAR WEAPONS CLOUD 70 YEARS OF FRIENDSHIP SEE-WON BYUN, SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY North Korea conducted five rounds of missile launches in this period as prospects for resuming dialogue with Washington dwindled. Although People’s Republic of China State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi praised Pyongyang’s diplomatic efforts during his September visit to the North, US-DPRK talks in October made no progress. The nuclear impasse loomed over 70th anniversary celebrations of China- DPRK diplomatic ties, highlighting the expanding friendship Chinese President Xi Jinping and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un envisioned last June. Amid concerns over escalating tensions on the Korean Peninsula, Beijing and Moscow proposed a draft UN resolution in December calling for the partial lifting of sanctions. For their part, Beijing and Seoul advanced their strategic partnership through talks between Xi and South Korean President Moon Jae-in, the China-ROK-Japan summit in December, Wang’s visit to Seoul earlier that month, and the resumption of defense talks in October. But Moon’s latest China visit drew much domestic criticism for failing to secure Beijing’s cooperation on bilateral and regional priorities. Wang’s December visit to Seoul, meanwhile, was most remembered for his attacks on US “unilateralism” and “bullying.” US-China trade tensions and public clashes over Hong Kong present new challenges for the China-ROK partnership. This article is extracted from Comparative Connections: A Triannual E-Journal of Bilateral Relations in the Indo-Pacific, Vol. 21, No. 3, January 2020. Preferred citation: See-Won Byun, “China-Korea Relations: Nuclear Weapons Cloud 70 Years of Friendship,” Comparative Connections, Vol. -
“Goldwater-Nichols”? the Long-Awaited PLA Reorganization Has Finally Arrived
China’s “Goldwater-Nichols”? The Long-Awaited PLA Reorganization Has Finally Arrived James Mulvenon On 31 December 2015, CCP supremo Xi Jinping announced the most sweeping reorganization of the People’s Liberation Army since the 1950s. Rumors of these tectonic changes had been brewing for months, following decades of periodically aborted discussions about the need to fundamentally reshape the structure of the military for modern joint operations. This article outlines what we know so far, speculates about the confluence of political and military factors that was finally allowed to occur, and assesses the implications of the reforms for civil-military relations and military modernization. Introduction On 31 December 2015, CCP supremo Xi Jinping announced the most sweeping reorganization of the People’s Liberation Army since the 1950s.1 Rumors of these tectonic changes had been brewing since the reform decision was promulgated at the 3rd Plenum of the 18th Party Congress, and followed decades of periodically aborted discussions about the need to fundamentally reshape the structure of the military for modern joint operations. This article outlines what we know so far, speculates about the confluence of political and military factors that was finally allowed to occur, and assesses the implications of the reforms for civil-military relations and military modernization. What We Know So Far The reorganization of the PLA, announced at the end of 2015 but in planning for months, years, and even decades, is still in its very early stages. The outlines of key organizations have been discussed in the most general terms by designated spokespeople, and Xi Jinping has conferred titles and flags to the leaders of the new entities. -
Translated List of 19Th CC Full Members (204) 乙晓光ding
Translated list of 19th CC Full Members (204) 乙晓光 Ding Xiaoguang 丁来杭 Ding Laihang 丁学东 Ding Xuedong 丁薛祥 Ding Xuexiang 于伟国 Yu Weiguo 于忠福 Yu Zhongfu 万立骏 Wan Lijun 习近平 Xi Jinping 马飚 Ma Biao (Zhuang ethnic group) 马兴瑞 Ma Xingrui 王宁 Wang Ning (Armed Police) 王军 Wang Jun 王勇 Wang Yong 王展 Wang Zhan 王毅 Wang Yi 王小洪 Wang Xiaohong 王玉普 Wang Yupu 王正伟 Wang Zhengwei (Hui ethnic group) 王东明 Wang Dongming 王东峰 Wang Dongfeng 王尔乘 Wang Ercheng 王志民 Wang Zhimin 王志刚 Wang Zhigang 王沪宁 Wang Huning 王国生 Wang Guosheng 王建武 Wang Jianwu 王晓东 Wang Xiaodong 王晓晖 Wang Xiaohui 王家胜 Wang Jiasheng 王蒙微 Wang Mengwei 尤权 You Quan 车俊 Che Jun 君力 Jun Li 巴音朝鲁 Ba Yinchaolu (Mongolian ethnic group) 巴特尔 Ba Teer (Mongolian ethnic group) 艾力更•依明巴海 Ailigeng Yimingbahai (Uighur ethnic group) 石泰峰 Shi Taifeng 布小林 Bu Xiaolin ( Mongolian ethnic group) 卢展工 Lu Zhangong 白春礼 Bai Chunli ( Man ethnic group) 吉炳轩 Ji Bingxuan 毕井泉 Bi jingquan 曲青山 Qu Qingshan 朱生岭 Zhu Shengling 刘奇 Liu Qi 刘雷 Liu Lei 刘鹤 Liu He 刘士余 Liu Shibu 刘万龙 Liu Wanlong 刘奇葆 Liu Qibao 刘国中 Liu Guozhong 刘国治 Liu Guozhi 刘金国 Liu Jinguo 刘结一 Liu Jieyi 刘振立 Liu Zhenli 刘家义 Liu Jiayi 刘赐贵 Liu Cigui 刘粤军 Liu Yuejun 齐扎拉 Qi Zhala (Tibetan ethnic group) 安兆庆 An Zhaoqing (Xibo ethnic group) 许勤 Xu Qin 许又声 Xu Yousheng 许达哲 Xu Dazhe 许其亮 Xu Qiliang 阮成发 Ruan Chengfa 孙志刚 Sun Zhigang 孙金龙 Sun Jinlong 孙绍骋 Sun Shaocheng 孙春兰 Sun Chunlan (Female) 杜家毫 Du Jiahao 李屹 Li Yi 李希 Li Xi 李斌 Li Bin (Female, Government office) 李强 Li Qiang 李干杰 Lin Ganjie 李小鹏 Li Xiaopeng 李凤彪 Li Fengbiao 李玉赋 Li Yufu 李传广 Li Chuanguang 李纪恒 Li Jiheng 李克强 Li Keqiang 李作成 Li Zuocheng 李尚福 Li Shangfu 李国英 Li Guoying 李桥铭 -
Diplomacy Defence
DEFENCE AN DEFENCE HappyIndependenceDay AND D DIPLOMACY DIPLOMACY IN PURSUIT OF NATIONAL SECURITY VOL. 7 NO. 4 ISSN 2347 - 3703 july-september 2018 special Issue: China • Is Xi jinping really as powerful as his Image suggests? Jayadeva Ranade • China’s new Diplomacy under Xi jinping Madhu Bhalla and Sanjeev Kumar Vol. 7 no. 4 • july-september 2018 4 • july-september 7 no. Vol. • Has the Chinese Assistance made pakistan secure? Shalini Chawla • CmC and propaganda under Xi jinping: Invoking military nationalism to Address the Crisis of morale Bhavna Singh • Is China’s Air Force really too tall for the Indian Air Force? Ravinder Singh Chhatwal • China’s ‘Grey Zone’ operations: How ‘maritime militia’ and ‘little blue men’ are Changing the maritime War landscape Pooja Bhatt • China’s nepal policy in the 21st Century: tibet, security, and Connectivity Rishi Gupta • China’s Interest in the Horn of Africa: Implications for India Sarvsureshth Dhammi • Doklam episode and Aftermath: India-China bilateral relations Raj Mongia • sri lanka-China relations in recent years: possible Implications Samatha Mallempati OVER 60 YEARS. 6 AIRCRAFT TYPES. 1 NATION www.rafale.co.in Book Review TOOFANI MYSTERE IV ALIZE JAGUAR MIRAGE 2000 RAFALE JOURNAL OF THE CENTRE FOR AIR POWER STUDIES DEFENCE AND DIPLOMACY IN PURSUIT OF NATIONAL SECURITY VOL. 7 NO. 4 l JULY-SEPTEMBER 2018 Special Issue: China CENTRE FOR AIR POWER STUDIES VISION To be an independent centre of excellence on national security contributing informed and considered research and analyses on relevant issues. MISSION To encourage independent and informed research and analyses on issues of relevance to national security and to create a pool of domain experts to provide considered inputs to decision-makers. -
In Maldives Standoff, China Looks to Safeguard Growing Interests Matt Schrader
VOLUME XVI • ISSUE 1 • JANUARY 11, 2016 VOLUME XVIII • ISSUE 4 • FEBRUARY 26, 2018 IN THIS ISSUE In a Fortnight: In Maldives Standoff, China Looks to Safeguard Growing Interests Matt Schrader Party Congress Reshuffle Strengthens Xi’s Hold on Central Military Commission Nan Li "Full Employment" in Tibet: The Beginning and End of Chen Quanguo's Neo-Socialist Experiment Adrian Zenz Beijing’s Vision for a Reshaped International Order Nadége Rolland Amphibious Operations: Lessons of Past Campaigns for Today’s PLA Kevin McCauley In a Fortnight: In Maldives Standoff, Yameen to free a number of jailed opposition leaders and restore them to their seats in Parliament, a move which China Looks to Safeguard Growing would restore the opposition’s parliamentary majority. The Interests court also vacated a conviction of exiled former president Mohamed Nasheed. Yameen responded on February 5 By Matt Schrader with a 15-day “state of emergency,” seeking to annul the ruling. On February 20, he extended the state of emer- A deepening electoral crisis in the small island nation of the gency a further 30 days. As of this writing, the situation re- Maldives, located roughly 300 miles west-southwest of In- mains fluid. dia’s southern tip, has highlighted the growth of Chinese interests in a part of the world long considered India’s stra- Both China and India have significant equities in the Mal- tegic backyard, and points the way toward likely future dives. Geographical proximity has long given India a strong Sino-Indian friction, both in the Maldives and elsewhere voice in Maldivian affairs, and former president Nasheed is throughout the Indian Ocean. -
Unità Della Marina Italiana Dal 1860 a Oggi
UNITÀ DELLA MARINA ITALIANA DAL 1860 A OGGI A) NAVIGIO MAGGIORE CORAZZATE DREADNOUGHT BB VITTORIO VENETO 3+1 1940/50 Vittorio Veneto, Littorio (Italia dal 1943), Roma (43), Impero BB CARACCIOLO (4) 1914/21 Francesco Caracciolo, Cristoforo Colombo, Marcantonio Colonna, Francesco Morosini BB DUILIO 2 1915/58 Caio Duilio, Andrea Doria BB CAVOUR 3 1914/47 Conte di Cavour, Giulio Cesare (ceduta all’URSS nel 47), Leonardo Da Vinci (16) BB DANTE ALIGHIERI 1 1913/28 Dante Alighieri PRE DREADNOUGHT BB REGINA ELENA 4 1907/27 Regina Elena, Vittorio Emanuele III, Napoli, Roma BB REGINA MARGHERITA 2 1904/16 Regina Margherita (16), Benedetto Brin (15) BB AMMIRAGLIO DI SAINT 2 1901/20 Ammiraglio di Saint Bon, Emanuele Filiberto BON BB RE UMBERTO 3 1893/23 Re Umberto, Sardegna, Sicilia BB RUGGIERO DI LAURIA 3 1888/11 Ruggiero Di Lauria, Francesco Morosini, Andrea Doria BB ITALIA 2 1885/21 Italia, Lepanto BB DUILIO 2 1880/20 Caio Duilio, Emilio Dandolo CORAZZATE (IRONCLADS) Fregata corazzata di I rango a elica 2 1874/00 Palestro, Principe Amedeo Pirofregata corazzata di I rango 2 1868/96 Roma, Venezia Ariete corazzato di I ordine 1 1866/07 Affondatore Cannoniera corazzata 2 1866/91 Palestro (66), Varese Pirofregata corazzata 4 1864/910 Regina Maria Pia, Ancona, Castelfidardo, San Martino (costruite in Francia) Fregata corazzata di I rango a elica 4 1863/80 Principe di Carignano, Principe Umberto, Messina, Conte Verde Fregata corazzata di I rango a elica 2 1863/75 Re d’Italia (66), Re di Portogallo (costruite in America) Pirocorvetta corazzata 2 1862/04 Formidabile, Terribile (costruite in Francia) Vascello ad elica 1 1861/75 Re Galantuomo (ex Il Monarca - marina Borbonica in costruzione) CORAZZATE DI PREDA BELLICA BB VIRIBUS UNITIS (1) 1918/25 Tegetthoff * (Impero Austroungarico) BB RADETSKI (3) 1918/26 Radetski, Zrinyi, Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand * (Impero Austroungarico) PORTAEREI E NAVI APPOGGIO IDROVOLANTI PORTAEREI CVH NUM (1) (2007?) Andrea Doria (552) CVH GARIBALDI 1 1985 Giuseppe Garibaldi (551) CVL SPARVIERO (1) 1942/43 Sparviero (ex Augustus - nave civile trasformata S.