China and Commercial Aircraft Production: Harder Than It Looks by Richard A

ChinaBrief Volume XIII s Issue 2 s January 18, 2013 Volume XIII s Issue 2 s January 18, 2013 In This Issue: In a fortnIght By Peter Mattis 1 CoMMander-In-ChIef XI JInPIng raIses the Bar on Pla CoMBat readIness By Willy lam 2 ChIna and CoMMerCIal aIrCraft ProduCtIon: harder than It looks By richard a. Bitzinger 4 sIno-kazakh tIes on a roll By richard Weitz 7 Central Military Commission Chair- man Xi Jinping with the Troops ChIna and Central asIa In 2013 By raffaello Pantucci and alexandros Petersen 9 China Brief is a bi-weekly jour- nal of information and analysis covering Greater China in Eur- asia. In a Fortnight China Brief is a publication of By Peter Mattis The Jamestown Foundation, a private non-profit organization SPiraling SurPriSeS in Sino-JaPaneSe TenSionS based in Washington D.C. and is edited by Peter Mattis. ver since the Japanese government bought several of the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands from a eprivate owner, Sino-Japanese relations have been in a downward spiral. Japan’s change of The opinions expressed in government following the mid-December elections that returned power to the liberal Democratic China Brief are solely those Party has seemed only to exacerbate the tensions created by what Xinhua called “the island- of the authors, and do not buying farce” (Xinhua, January 13). in contrast with abe Shinzo’s first time as prime minister and necessarily reflect the views of the first Democratic Party of Japan government, Tokyo started on a different tack that did not The Jamestown Foundation. involve rebalancing between China and the united States. instead, Japan has confounded Chinese expectations by advocating a more robust regional maritime security architecture that also draws india into the Pacific—something Beijing repeatedly has warned against as tensions in the South China Sea simmered over the last year (Straits Times, December 4, 2012; Times of India, June 3, 2012; Global Times, February 29, 2012). Chinese surprise at Japanese actions suggests one of two possibilities: either Beijing has made a decision to pressure Japan irrespective of the possibility of success or that there is a major information processing problem that is keeping away or politicizing information that should be reaching the leadership. For comments or questions State media said the Japanese prime minister had broken his word about placing relations with about China Brief, please contact us at China at the forefront of Tokyo’s diplomatic priorities. in light of his recent op-ed on a maritime [email protected] security partnership, abe’s trip to Thailand, indonesia and Vietnam appeared to be a Japanese attempt at containment (Xinhua, January 16, January 13; Project Syndicate, December 27, 2012). 1111 16th St. NW, Suite #320 The often-shrill Global Times, however, called abe’s trip a laughable effort to contain China, calling Washington, DC 20036 Japanese provocations “no better than a kind of self-comforting [sic].” Because of Japan’s political Tel: (202) 483-8888 instability, Tokyo’s actions reflect symbolic politics for domestic consumption—Beijing should just Fax: (202) 483-8337 wait and see to show the region how ineffectual Japanese actions really are (Global Times, January 16). Copyright © 2011 TO SUBSCRIBE TO CHINA BRIEF, VISIT http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/ 1 ChinaBrief Volume XIII s Issue 2 s January 18, 2013 was a career Japan watcher at CiCir before taking an operational For the present, China is not content to wait. Beijing seems to be post as chief of the Tianjin State Security Bureau (CCTV, June 7, trying to balance a three-pronged approach to Japan: maintaining 2011; www.tjdx.gov.cn, october 27, 2006; People’s Daily, December China’s right to patrol the disputed areas; threatening to escalate the 21, 2001). There are a set of processes here—or a lack thereof crisis; and, finally, showing an opening so the Japanese government with Beijing pursuing a deliberate course without regular inputs— gets blamed. Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong lei had denied that are not necessarily well understood [1]. Yet, as a crisis looms, that Chinese maritime or aerial patrols have done anything outside knowing how information is moving through the system and how the normal range of their lawful activities even as they appear to it is interpreted is crucial to tailoring responses to Chinese actions. have expanded to protect Chinese sovereignty (Xinhua, January 15, January 7). at the same time and following reports that the Japanese Peter Mattis is Editor of China Brief at The Jamestown Foundation. were considering firing warning shots, the Chinese military flew J-10s near the disputed area and announced that on January 7 bombers had notes: successfully carried out an “open-sea surprise attack” (PLA Daily, January 18; Want China Times [Taiwan], January 16; Xinhua, January 1. Peter Mattis, “Beyond Spy versus Spy: Clarifying the 15). lastly, while hosting former Japanese Prime Minister Hatoyama analytic Challenge of the Chinese intelligence Services,” Yukio at the Memorial Hall of Victims of the nanjing Massacre, Studies in Intelligence Vol. 56, no. 4, September 2012, pp. Chinese papers editorialized that Hatoyama’s visit is proof that good 47–57 < https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the- Japanese exist and that they may diverge from the “rightist” path study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/ toward confrontation (Global Times, January 18). vol.-56-no.-3/beyond-spy-vs.-spy-the-analytic-challenge- of-understanding-chinese-intelligence-services.html>. Chinese attitudes about a possible confrontation seem to be hardening or at least falling back to the position that only preparations for war can deter Japan from exploiting the situation. one editorial pessimistically concluded “a military clash is more likely. We *** shouldn’t have the illusion that Japan will be deterred by our firm stance. We need to prepare for the worst” (Global Times, January 11). ren Weidong, a Ministry of State Security (MSS) analyst with the Commander-in-Chief Xi Jinping China institutes of Contemporary international relations (CiCir), suggested in a seeming allusion to Vegetius that Beijing needed to Raises the Bar on PLA “Combat forgo its romanticism and make wartime preparations to preserve the peace. This is the only way to show the strength under pressure Readiness” necessary to maintain China’s course of peaceful development By Willy lam (People’s Daily, January 18). general Secretary Xi Jinping’s recent reshuffle of military officers suggests he is trying to improve his eneral Secretary and Commander-in-Chief Xi Jinping has lost connections, connectivity and, by extension, his authority within gno time in establishing his stamp of authority over the People’s the People’s liberation army in case tensions beget a real crisis liberation army (Pla), which is deemed an important power base (“Commander-in-Chief Xi Jinping raises the Bar on Pla ‘Combat of the princeling leader. Barely two months after he took over the readiness’,” China Brief, January 18). This is not a question of chairmanship of the policy-setting Central Military Commission loyalty, but rather of having a trusted network of officers within key (CMC) from President Hu Jintao, Xi has passed a series of positions across the force. With potential distortions of bureaucratic regulations on “administering the army with strictness and austerity.” information flows and the tight control over what information The 59-year-old Xi has with lightning speed presided over a large- means, a robust network is necessary for Chinese political leaders to scale reshuffle of senior staff in the four general departments as maintain situational awareness during a crisis. well as the seven military regions (Mrs). More significantly, the CMC chief has put significantly more emphasis than his predecessors on although Beijing’s apparent heightened alert raises concern, some combat readiness, reiterating that it is the calling of every solider to larger questions should be asked about the quality of the information fight and win wars. inputs into Chinese policymaking related to Japan and the east China Sea. Did Chinese leaders really not understand the bad choices on different occasions in the past month or so, Xi has demanded that facing Tokyo when the potential sale of the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands the 2.4 million-strong Pla’s profess “absolute loyalty” to the party became an issue last year, even after Japanese diplomats made quiet leadership. The Xinhua news agency last Sunday released a set of entreaties? Some Chinese analysts blame the influence of “rightists” instructions from the general Political Department (gPD) and the for the derailment of Sino-Japanese relations, despite State Councilor Pla Disciplinary inspection Commission on “solidly implementing Dai Bingguo’s notable essay on recalibrating Chinese foreign policy the objectives of administering [military] party organizations at the end of 2010—the year China overplayed its hand (Global Times, with strictness and administering the army with strictness.” The January 18; China Daily, December 13, 2010). it is not as though instructions stated “Through studying and education, we must hoist China lacks senior specialists with rank sufficient to make an analytic high the flag [of the party] and heed the instructions of the party... judgment. For example, one of the MSS vice ministers, lu Zhongwei, We must run [military] party organizations with strictness and strictly 2 ChinaBrief Volume XIII s Issue 2 s January 18, 2013 oversee [the conduct of] officers.” The series of dictums also pointed future promotion to Mr commanders as well as senior slots in the out that officers and enlisted alike must “safeguard a high level of four general departments—are all former heads of group armies. For concentration [of authority] and unity among the troops” (Xinhua, example, Ma Yiming, the former commander of the renowned 26th January 13; PLA Daily, January 13).

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