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Universidad Nacional De San Agustín De Arequipa Facultad De Ciencias Histórico Sociales Escuela Profesional De Sociología “

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Universidad Nacional De San Agustín De Arequipa Facultad De Ciencias Histórico Sociales Escuela Profesional De Sociología “ UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN AGUSTÍN DE AREQUIPA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS HISTÓRICO SOCIALES ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE SOCIOLOGÍA “CONDICIONES SOCIALES PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL TURISMO RURAL COMUNITARIO COMO UNA ACTIVIDAD ECONÓMICA COMPLEMENTARIA Y SOSTENIBLE EN LA COMUNIDAD DE ICHU, DISTRITO PUNO, PROVINCIA PUNO – 2019” Tesis presentada por los Bachilleres: ARHUATA ROSAS DENIS VALENTINO PARICAHUA PONCE ELIZABETH MARITZA Para optar el Título Profesional de Licenciados en Sociología. Asesor: Mg. Mario Gustavo Berrios Espezúa. AREQUIPA – PERÚ 2020 DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo en primer lugar a Dios por permitirme haber llegado a esta etapa tan importante de mi desarrollo profesional, a mi familia porque siempre han estado para darme fuerzas en mis triunfos y derrotas a lo largo de toda mi vida, y a mis amigos que estuvieron siempre alentándome para crecer, en especial a Lidia con quien nos conocimos en el curso de un camino difícil y quien, en medio de todo, no ha escatimado en brindarme su apoyo. E. Maritza Paricahua Por sus enseñanzas, consejos y por los grandes valores que siempre ejemplificó, este trabajo está dedicado a mi padre, aquellos aprendizajes estuvieron presentes durante la elaboración de esta tesis. También a mi familia quienes fueron un gran apoyo todo el tiempo. Y a los pobladores de Ichu, tan cálidos y participativos durante el trabajo en campo, especialmente al Sr Elías quien nos ayudó en momentos cruciales. Denis Arhuata ii AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradecemos primeramente a Dios por guiar nuestros pasos durante todos estos años y por darnos fortaleza en aquellos momentos de debilidad. Agradecemos al equipo de la Consultora “Corporación de Negocios L&L” por permitirnos ser parte de sus proyectos y de la misma manera por brindarnos su apoyo e información para desarrollar nuestra tesis. Con admiración, queremos agradecer al Mg. Mario Gustavo Berrios Espezúa quien durante estos meses ha estado acompañándonos en este proceso señalando de forma cuidadosa los aspectos por mejorar de la investigación y guiándonos para la obtención del título profesional. Los Autores iii RESUMEN El Turismo Rural Comunitario (TRC) supone una oportunidad de desarrollo, conservación e inclusión a las nuevas dinámicas globales para las áreas rurales excluidas de la economía tradicional. Sin embargo, no todos los casos donde se implementó de este tipo de turismo han resultado provechosos para las comunidades. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir las condiciones sociales para el desarrollo del Turismo Rural Comunitario como actividad económica complementaria y sostenible que existen en la comunidad de Ichu, distrito Puno, provincia Puno. El diseño de la investigación es no experimental, de corte transversal con una sola medición y bajo un enfoque cuantitativo; utilizamos como técnica la encuesta. Encontramos que las condiciones sociales para el desarrollo del TRC como una actividad económica complementaria y sostenible presentes en la comunidad de Ichu son las siguientes: la diversidad de recursos reconocidos por los mismos pobladores e inventariados por instituciones públicas y la gran disponibilidad de los comuneros de participar en actividades relacionadas al TRC. Sin embargo, también se han observado una serie de condiciones limitantes para el desarrollo de este tipo de turismo tales como: deficientes organizaciones comunitarias, una notable desarticulación interinstitucional y deficientes capacidades de gestión en comunidad. No obstante, hemos encontrado unas condiciones que darían cuenta de la potencialidad que existe para superar estas limitantes. Palabras Claves: Turismo Rural Comunitario, condiciones sociales, comunidades rurales, desarrollo sostenible, nueva ruralidad, UNSA. iv ABSTRACT Rural Community Tourism (RCT) represents an opportunity for development, conservation and inclusion of new global dynamics for rural areas excluded from the traditional economy. However, not all cases where this type of tourism were implemented have been rewarding for communities. The objective of this research is to describe the social conditions for the development of Rural Community Tourism as a complementary and sustainable economic activity that exist in the community of Ichu, Puno district, Puno province. The research design is non-experimental, cross-sectional with a single measurement and under a quantitative approach; We use the survey as technique. We find that the social conditions for the development of the TRC as a complementary and sustainable economic activity present in the Ichu community are the following: the diversity of resources recognized by the residents themselves and inventoried by public institutions and the great availability of the community members to participate. in activities related to TRC. However, a series of limiting conditions for the development of this type of tourism have also been observed, such as: deficient community organizations, a notable inter-institutional disarticulation and deficient management capacities in the community. However, we have found some conditions that would account for the potential that exists to overcome these limitations. Key Words: Rural Community Tourism, social conditions, rural communities, sustainable development, new rurality, UNSA. v ÍNDICE DEDICATORIA ........................................................................................................................ ii AGRADECIMIENTOS ........................................................................................................... iii RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... v ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS............................................................................................................. ix ÍNDICE DE TABLAS ............................................................................................................... x INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................... 11 CAPÍTULO I PLANTEAMIENTO METODOLÓGICO 1. Justificación ................................................................................................................... 12 2. Planteamiento del problema ........................................................................................... 15 3. Preguntas de investigación ............................................................................................. 19 3.1. Pregunta general .................................................................................................... 19 3.2. Preguntas específicas ............................................................................................ 19 4. Objetivos de investigación ............................................................................................. 19 4.1. Objetivo general .................................................................................................... 19 4.2. Objetivos específicos ............................................................................................ 20 5. Hipótesis ........................................................................................................................ 20 6. Operacionalización de variables .................................................................................... 21 7. Nivel de investigación .................................................................................................... 24 8. Diseño de Investigación ................................................................................................. 24 9. Ámbito de estudio .......................................................................................................... 25 10. Unidad de análisis, población y muestra ........................................................................ 25 10.1. Unidad de análisis ................................................................................................. 25 10.2. Población ............................................................................................................... 25 10.3. Muestra.................................................................................................................. 26 10.3.1 Método de muestreo .................................................................................. 26 10.3.2 Cálculo de la muestra ................................................................................ 26 11. Técnicas e instrumentos de investigación ...................................................................... 27 12. Estrategias de recojo de información y procesamiento de datos ................................... 28 vi CAPÍTULO II MARCO TEÓRICO 1. Antecedentes de la investigación ................................................................................... 29 1.1. A nivel Internacional ............................................................................................. 30 1.2. A nivel nacional .................................................................................................... 36 1.3. A nivel local .......................................................................................................... 40 2. Marco conceptual ........................................................................................................... 43 2.1. Turismo Rural ......................................................................................................
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