ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest Renewable energy from tidal currents

www.andritz.com 02 ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

ANDRITZ HYDRO One of the world leaders in the hydropower business

ANDRITZ is a global and stock exchange- ANDRITZ HYDRO is one of the worldwide ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest was estab- listed technology Group with more than leading suppliers of electromechanical lished in 1997 in Hammerfest, Norway. The 17,000 employees and over 180 produc- equipment and services ‘From water to UK office was opened in Glasgow in 2008 tion sites, service, and sales companies all wire’, capable of providing global solu- in order to serve the promising local market around the world. tions for tidal power arrays and hydropower potential including Ireland. plants, including all services related to the Today’s ANDRITZ GROUP headquarter is refurbishment and overhaul of existing Based on a 300 kW tidal turbine, tested in located in Graz, Austria. With its business facilities. Norwegian waters, a 1,000 kW tidal device areas, HYDRO, PULP & PAPER, SEPARA- was developed and tested at EMEC site TION, METALS, FEED & BIOFUEL, AN- ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest represents (European Marine Energy Centre) before DRITZ is one of the leading global suppliers within the group the leading technology becoming part of the world’s first tidal array, of plants, equipment, and services to the provider in the tidal power business. planned for installation in Scottish waters in markets it serves. 2013. One of the main goals is to provide innova- In a world which is striving to reduce the tive technologies and solutions to maximize A global structure, the commitment to serve emissions of greenhouse gases and pol- the return on investment for the customers. our customers locally all around the world, lution, ANDRITZ HYDRO supports the This includes constant improvement of the and proven experience and technologies customers in their environmental efforts by energy efficiency of proposed equipment are only some of the reasons why our cus- providing secure and sustainable technolo- and technologies through a continuous tomers can be assured of obtaining the best gies that maximize energy generation from Research & Development approach. energy-related applications from us. hydropower and tidal power. Hydropower represents within this scenario the most important renewable resource of energy by far, while tidal power, with its worldwide availability can be considered as one of the most promising future energy sources with an estimated global potential of more than 150 TWh. Highlights ▪ More than 170 years of experience in the manufacturing of electro- mechanical equipment ▪ More than 120 years of experience in electrical equipment ▪ Over 30,000 turbines installed, total- ling more than 400,000 MW ▪ Complete power plant range up to 800 MW ▪ Leader in service and rehabilitation ▪ First grid-connected tidal turbine worldwide ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest 03

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest Renewable energy from tidal currents

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest develops ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest strives to be the most energy-efficient, modular tidal the leader in the development of technolo- Highlights turbine solutions capable of harnessing the gies capable of providing full turnkey solu- ▪ Clean and renewable energy energy in tidal currents, building on 15 years tions to customers by harnessing the high ▪ Low environmental impact of knowledge and experience in hydropow- energies and predictable power potential of ▪ Modular equipment design er, wind energy, as well as offshore oil and tidal streams. ▪ High predictability of energy gas industry. generation ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest’s modular ▪ First grid-connected device Since its beginning, the company has been tidal technology solutions are designed to a frontrunner in the design and installation of allow optimal integration in the daily opera- tidal turbines and was the first in the world tion plans of the customers, supporting the to successfully generate electricity from tidal worldwide energy mix and delivering envi- currents and deliver power to the electrical ronmental benefits. grid. 04 ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

Tidal Energy Predictable and reliable

Tidal forces are a result of periodic variations The forces produced by the tides can be The turbines are placed in areas with high in the gravitational attraction exerted by both basically used to generate electricity in two tidal movements, and are designed to cap- the sun and moon together with the cen- different ways: ture the kinetic motion of the ebbing and trifugal forces associated with the rotation surging of ocean tides producing strong bi- of the earth. These forces create corres- Potential energy directional currents that can be converted ponding motions or currents in the world’s Energy from a water head is called potential into electrical power. Unlike barrage-type oceans with a period between high tide and energy. By using pressure turbines, this en- systems, this technology does not require low tide of 12 hours and 25 minutes. ergy can be converted into electrical power. the construction of a barrier across a wa- terway, and hence does not have any of the Additionally, a relationship between the Typical examples are tidal barrages, which adverse environmental effects associated sun and the moon causes a variation in make use of the potential energy avail- with such developments. maximum and minimum tide heights over a able from the difference in head between period of 14 days. high and low tides. Barrages are basically dams across the full width of a tidal estuary. Tidal characteristics are mainly influenced They harness this potential energy by means by bathymetric conditions, coastline mor- of hydropower turbines. phology and current directions. In some specific regions, high tidal ranges can result Kinetic energy in strong currents, which are the basis for the The kinetic energy of moving water can be ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest technology, converted into electrical power by using allowing highly predictable and reliable en- tidal turbines. This form of energy yield is ergy generation. the basis of our technology.

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest exploits kinetic energy in tidal waters ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest 05

Global market A broad range of potential sites worldwide

Tidal current electricity is clean, renewable, In addition, as oceans cover more than 70% Furthermore, governments have recog- reliable and predictable. While ocean cur- of earth’s surface, ocean energy represents nized the great potential of ocean energy rents move slowly relative to typical wind a vast source of energy, estimated to have and have begun significant incentive pro- speeds, they carry a great deal of energy. some 150 TWh per year of economically grammes to harness it. In several countries Sea water has more than 800 times the exploitable resource available worldwide. worldwide marine energy is currently one of density than air, so for the same rotor swept the technologies receiving the highest level area, water moving at 2.5 m/s (5 knots) Despite these promising numbers, many po- of subsidies per MWh of energy genera- exerts about the same amount of force as tential sites are not being explored currently, tion. a constant 350 km/h wind. although global tidal power production is expected to grow continuously as the tech- Ocean currents thus contain an enormous nology develops. amount of energy that can be captured and converted into a usable form. 06 ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

Tidal turbines Modular product range

Tidal turbines are best described as un- derwater wind mills, but with shorter blades rotating at slower speed.The rated output of 1. Nacelle the devices depends on the water current 2. Blades conditions at a selected site. For maximum 3. Substructure 1 energy yield from the available resources 4. Ballast weights the turbines can be easily combined in ar- 2 rays consisting of several units.

Designed for water depths of between 35 and 100 m, the tidal turbines are de- ployed on the seabed and kept in position by gravity, pins or pilings (depending on the seabed and tidal stream characteristics). This eliminates any visual or audible impact 3 above the surface and, in addition, normal shipping traffic will not be affected by the presence of the tidal arrays. The horizontal axis turbines are equipped with a specially- designed pitching system allowing optimal harnessing of tidal currents in both ebb and flood directions. The whole substructure is designed to have a small footprint while the nacelle is optimize to minimize the wake ef- fect caused by the water flows. Unique ma- rine installation methodologies have been developed to minimize installation times and to exclude the use of divers, requiring only the support of Remotely Operated Ve- hicles (ROV) for monitoring purposes. 4

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest tidal turbines are designed to generate power from water currents with a speed of 1 m/s or more.

Main features Technical characteristics ▪ Proven technology solutions Rated power: 500-2,000 kW (site dependant) ▪ Proven track record of power delivery to Power regulation: Variable pitch, yawing system, variable speed the grid Operating depth: 35-100 m ▪ Suitable for use in coastal waters Rotor: ▪ Suitable across a range of water depths Type: 3 bladed open and velocities Rotor swept area: 300-500 m² ▪ Reliable operation and maintenance Nominal speed: approx. 10 rpm ▪ Simplicity of installation and mainte- Generator: nance Type: Induction ▪ Optimized turbine control and energy Nominal output: 500-2,000 kW yield by variable-speed blade pitching Weight: mechanism and nacelle yawing system Nacelle: approx. 130 t Substructure: approx. 150 t Installation: Heavy lift vessel/barge (with ROV support) Lifetime/Service: 25 years/every 5 years ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest 07

References

EMEC, United Kingdom First pre-commercial tidal turbine installed at EMEC (European Marine Energy Centre).

Type: HS1000 Installation: December 2011 Grid connection: February 2012 Site: Fall of Warness, Orkney, UK Rated power: 1,000 kW Water depth: 52 m Rotor diameter: 21 m

Kvalsund, Norway World’s first tidal turbine prototype connected to the grid.

Type: HS300 Installation: 2003 Grid connection: 2004 Re-installation: 2009 (after maintenance) Site: Kvalsund Finnmark, NO Rated power: 300 kW Water depth: 50 m Rotor diameter: 20 m Total operating hours: >16,000 h 08 ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

From feasibility to operation Four phases to a successful project

Feasibility assessment To consider the unique morphology of each Assessments are undertaken between the possible location a detailed site assessment customer, ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest is required. Important parameters are water and any required third party, defining the depth, current velocity, bathymetry, profile basic parameters for the future project in- and flow directions, wave and turbulence cluding, for example, layout and cost evalu- impact, grid connection, and environmental ation. aspects.

Engineering and pre-design The ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest team oriented approach are the basis for optimal consists of highly qualified and experienced tidal power solutions. By leading the entire engineers and project developers, working project management process, ANDRITZ in close cooperation to develop the best HYDRO Hammerfest is capable of applying ‘value-for-money’ array layout for each spe- all of the required knowledge, skills, tools cific sites. Well-proven project management and techniques to meet customers’ expec- methodologies combined with a project- tations.

Project execution and implementation In the continuous quest to achieve customer professional solutions that ultimately satisfy satisfaction, the quality of service provided every requirement of the customer. is equally as important as the quality of the product. Therefore a global presence and Systematic project management guaran- the cooperation with strong partners enable tees the fulfilment of quality, cost and time- ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest to provide line requirements.

Service and maintenance ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest offers com- ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest’s global prehensive and tailor-made service and structure and organisation, as well as inter- maintenance programs for its products. national partnerships enable to undertake The turbines incorporate a condition moni- service and maintenance activities in close toring system to provide a predictive main- proximity to the sites, minimizing not only tenance capability. This avoids costly un- the potential downtime periods, but also as- planned repair activities and potentially sociated costs. extend the planned maintenance intervals beyond that predicted. ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest 09

Installation capabilities

The installation concept and philosophy of ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest allows the deployment of the turbines under the most severe weather conditions down to depth of 100 m, across the different site morpholo- gies found worldwide.

Installation is generally achieved in three phases:

▪ Installation of the substructure followed directly by ballast weights or pinning/ pilling ▪ Connection of the subsea cable to the turbine to establish the electrical con- nection to the on-shore substation ▪ Deployment and lowering of the nacelle (with mounted rotor blades) onto the substructure.

Installation is diverless with only the support of standard ROVs. Moored barges or heavy lift DP vessels (Dynamic Positioned) are required depending on the site and weather conditions.

For maintenance only the nacelle has to be retrieved. 010 ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

Research & Development

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest’s Research tre (EMEC) in Orkney, UK, in December ments for the delivery of the next generation & Development (R&D) activities started in 2011, considered to be one of the roughest of tidal arrays. the 1990s, when the HS300 turbine was marine sites in the world. developed, manufactured and, in 2003, Research findings from field tests, model installed in Kvalsund, Northern-Norway, ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest efforts in test in laboratories, numerical flow simu- as world’s first grid-connected tidal current R&D keeps the company at the front line of lations, and technology innovations are all turbine. innovation, able to offer the best solutions combined into an optimized overall solu- to the customers, from both a technical and tion. It is this comprehensive approach to Based on the tested technology, full-scale commercial point of view. product innovations which keeps ANDRITZ turbines, with a rated capacity of between HYDRO Hammerfest on the forefront of 500 kW and 2,000 kW, were designed for The highest quality standards, latest tech- technology. the planned commercial applications. The nology and competitiveness — values first 1,000 kW turbine was successfully in- which are incorporated into every phase of stalled at the European Marine Energy Cen- our activities — are fundamental require- ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest 011

In harmony with nature

The high efficiency of the turbines supplied Therefore, since 2001 a series of compre- by ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest results in hensive Environmental Impact Assess- careful management and protection of the ments (EIA) have been undertaken, starting environment and natural resources. before the HS300 unit was installed.

Environmental sustainability and awareness The EIA consider the potential impact that have become more and more important in tidal turbines could have on business activi- the global market. In line with this philoso- ties, outdoor life, marine life, and seabirds. phy, ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest’s mis- Among other assessments, noise mea- sion is to implement the latest technologies surements have, for example, been under- achieving the highest possible efficiency taken at previous projects. while maintaining the balance of environ- mental and natural resources. To date, these EIA have concluded that there is no significant impact on the areas This focus on the environment has been studied. implemented throughout all the steps of the project and its technological developments. 012 ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest P.O. BOX 403 N-9615 Hammerfest, Norway Phone: +47 (784) 06 200 Fax: +47 (784) 201 AH Hammerfest.01.en 04.12 [email protected]