A New Generation Polar Research Vessel

Impact of an Ice-Diminishing Arctic on Naval and Maritime Operations Washington, DC July 10-12, 2007 Presentation Outline

• BkBackgroun d • Science and Operational Requirements • Results from Technical Studies – Research Vessel Features – Mission Sensitivity Studies • Project Schedule • Some Closing Thoughts Background U. S. Research Capable Icebreakers (Operational and Planned)

Geographic Vessel Primary Icebreaking Area Ownership Mission Capability

UNOLS (ARRV) Science 0.8 m (2.5 ft) Arctic USCG (Healy) Multi-mission 1.4 m (4.5 ft)

High Arctic USCG Multi-mission 1.8 m (6 ft)

Commercial 0.9 - 1.4m Antarctica (Lease to National Science SiScience Foun dat ion ) (3 - 45ft)4.5 ft) This presentation will show the conceptual design of a dedicated research vessel with icebreaking capability for use in the Antarctic, but Arctic capable. Science and Operational RiRequiremen ts NATHANIEL B. PALMER - 1992 to present Critical New Research Requirements

• Enhanced icebreaking capabilities 1.4m (4.5 ft) at 3 kts • Increased endurance to 80 days and 20,000 miles at 12kts • Increased accommodations for 50 • Moon pool for geotechnical drilling - provides access to the water column through a controlled interface (no ice, limited surge, and turbulence) • Ability to tow nets and research instrumentation from the stern duringgg icebreaking • Acoustically quiet • Hull form designed for the installation of bottom mounted sensing instruments and operation during icebreaking ANTARCTICA

Minimum Sea Ice Extent (multiyear ice) Maximum Sea Ice Extent

First Year Sea Ice

South Pole Problematic Sea Ice Areas for NBP Minimum Sea Ice Extent (multiyear ice) Additional Science and Operational Requirements

¾ Capability to conduct autonomous underwater vehicle remotely operated vehicle (AUV/ROV) operations ¾ Jumbo piston coring (JPC) capacity for 50 m ¾ Compliance with International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines for Arctic vessels ¾ Reduced air emission from diesel engines and incinerator and other features for a “greener” ship ¾ Provision for a helicopter flight deck and hangar ¾ Space for 6 portable lab containers ¾ Aloft, enclosed platform for science observations ¾ Inter-deck elevator and wide passage way on main deck Desired Operating Profile

Days Science operations away from port 265 and in-transit

In-port preparations for science operations 35

Repairs and maintenance 65

Total days 365 Results from Technical Studies Above water features of PRV Underwater view of PRV box keel with bottom mapping sensors Principal Characteristics

LOA 120.2 m Draft 10.2 m LWL 108.3 m Displacement 13,900 MT Beam 22.3 m Shaft Power 15,000 kW Engine Marine DAS / Casing Project Electronics Coordinator Gymnasium Winch Room 2-Scientist LAN Lab Incinerator Office Staterooms Office Room Messroom HVAC

Chain Locker Winch Room

Sauna

DAS – Data Acquisition System Galley LAN – Local Area Network Control Cargo UPS – Uninterruppppytible Power Supply Room Lounge Trunk HVAC – Heating, Ventilation and Air Boom 2-Scientist Central Conditioning Crane Staterooms Smoking Laundry 01 LEVEL Scientific Lounge Hazardous Stores Storage Science Materials Bio. Lab Workshop Mud Room Coolers Storage Area Autosal UPS Aquarium Wet Main Room Hydro Room Scientific Lab Lab 2 Lab Stores Freezer Stores

Cooler

MiMain Dry Provision Scientific Conference Containers Lab 1 Stores Scientific Stores Computer Room / Stores Lab Library Flush Moon Baltic Container Pool Room Hatch MAIN DECK Some Environmental Features Incorporated in the PRV

Rate of greenhouse emissions reduced No emissions in port; PRV connects to by 90% compared to existing vessel shore side electric power (cold ironing)

In addition: Improved hull Designed for 40-yypear ship life and form reduces environmentally friendly disposal energy by 20% Waste water and waste oil treated to highest international standards Environmental management Double hull system on-board and ashore construction minimizes risk of oil spill

Employs latest ballast water exchange and treatment Hull coated with non-toxic paint technology Emission Reduction per Horsepower

120% 100% 100% 100% 100%

80%

60% 45%

40% 20% 20% 12% 10% 6%

0% NBP-1990 Engines PRV-2007 Engines PRV-2007 Engines with PRV-2007 Engines with without optional treatment 2003 optional technology 2007 optional technology

NOx+THC (g/kW-hr) PM (g/kW-hr) To achieve the emission goal -- there is a need to reduce the quantity of sulfur in diesel fuel oil.

Sulfur inhibits the use of NOx and particulate matter emission reduction equipment (such as catalysts and filters) which are needed to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regu la tions for a ir qua lity. The Future of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel in the U.S.

4,000 3,400 3,500 pm) pp 3,000 2,500 2,000 Content ( 1,500 1,000 500 uel Sulfur uel Sulfur 500 F 15 15 15 0 2004 2007 2010 2011 Year

Marine & Locomotive Highway Bulldozers & Tractors U.S. Marine Fuel Oil Sulfur Levels in 2004 and 2011

MiMarine Di DilOilesel Oil Heavy Fuel Oil

35, 000

30,000 27,000 27,000

25,000 ontent ontent )) CC 20,000

(ppm 15,000

l Sulfer l Sulfer 10, 000 ee 3,400

Fu 5,000 15 0 2004 2011 Year Next Generation Diesel Engine ???

Homogeneous Charge Compression Engine (HCCI)

• Economical – 25 percent fuel reduction • Ultra low emissions – near zero – Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) – Par ticu l ate Matte r (PM ) • Operate on gasoline, diesel fuel, alternative fuel • Has marine application • “May be” commercialized in light-duty passenger vehicles by 2010 Combustion occurs simultaneously throughout the cylinder volume rather than a flame front. It is not here yet !

Research is still on-gggoing in such areas as

Controlling ignition timing over a wide range of speeds and loads. Limiting the rate of combustion heat release at high-load operation. Providing smooth operation through rapid transients.

Major engine manufacturers are conducting HCCI research and EPA fundinggp some aspects. Results from Mission Sensitivity Studies Sensitivity Studies

200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 Dollars) t 120.0 100.0 Cos 80.0

Millions of 60.0 ($ 40.0 20.0 0.0

ADDED SCIENCE MISSION CAPABILITY

Added Science Mission Capability Project Schedule Project Timeline (Vessel lease)

YEAR ACTIVITY 12345678 Pre-RFP Development

Compile RFP Documents and Issue Bidding, Evaluation, and Contract Award

Shipyard Design and Construction Acceptance Trials and Final Outfitting Transit to Southern Hemisphere Port Icebr eakin g R esear ch Shi p Duration from Inception to Delivery

Ship Years Arctic (ARRV) 17 Ownership UNOLS

High Arctic (replacement 15 for POLAR Class) Ownership USCG Antarctic 11 Ownership Commercial (lease to NSF)

NATHANIEL B. PALMER (lease) 6 (5) Estimated Schedule for New U.S. Research Vessel Deliveries

Arctic (ARRV) Ownership UNOLS 2011 to 2013

High Arctic (replacement for POLAR Class) 2022 to 2024 Ownership USCG AtAntarcti c Ownership Commercial 2015 to 2017 (lease to NSF) Alaska Region Research Vessel

LOA 72 m Scientist berths 26 Beam 16 m Endurance 45 days Draft 5.5 m Icebreaking 0.76 m NASA Some Closing Thoughts Features to Consider in the Next Generation Polar Icebreaker

Design and build for: • 40 year s hip life • Set the standard for protecting the envitironment – Green icebreakers • High skill level of personnel (ice piloting and ice navigation are the most critical skills) A Vision of the Future

The year is 2040 and climate change continues with the disappearance of Arctic ice

The latest U. S. research icebreaker is observed off Point Barrow, Alaska.