to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss

ocean-climate.org Production: Marine Lecerf The Ocean & Coordination: Loreley Picourt and Anaïs Deprez Graphic design: Natacha Bigan Climate Platform,

COVER PHOTOS: who are we? © Cyrille Barnérias © F. Larrey / Conservatoire du littoral The Ocean & Climate Platform is an international network of more than 90 © Daniel Uribe organisations from civil society - including NGOs, research institutes, foundations, © Franck GAZZOLA / UNDER THE POLE / ZEPPELIN NETWORK local authorities, international organisations and private sector entities - united around a key message: “a healthy ocean for a protected climate”. © Jean Jalbert – Tour du Valat © M.Dagnino / Institut Océanographique The Platform aims to promote scientific expertise and advocate for a better © Maxime HORLAVILLE / UNDER THE POLE recognition of ocean-climate-biodiversity issues by national and international © Nausicaá decision-makers. At the science-policy interface, the Platform supports policymakers in need of scientific information and guidance in the implementation of © Planète Mer - L. Debas public policies. © wpd In addition, the Platform provides a forum for exchange BACK COVER PHOTOS: and reflection: where stakeholders can build a common and holistic approach to the challenge of protecting © Alexis Rosenfield marine ecosystems and tackling climate change. © Sarah Lelong Drawing on its members’ expertise, the © Institut oceanographique/Michel Dagnino Platform brings light to concrete © Shom / Yannick Lenouvel solutions, based on the latest available science, to ©Jifmar Offshore Services preserve the ocean, its © The Sea People biodiversity and © Institut oceanographique/Michel Dagnino the climate. © The Sea People © IPEV - Cyril Gallut © Coral Guardian / Coco Tamlyn

RECOMMENDED CITATION: OCEAN AND CLIMATE (2021), Ocean of Solutions to tackle climate 3 change and biodiversity loss, Ocean & Climate Platform, p. 1-72

2 3 Jerrard © Meg The ocean at the heart of climate Driving ambition to set the ocean and biodiversity interactions on a path to recovery

entral to climate and biodiversity interactions, the ocean plays a key role in regulating the climate system They [the Conventions on Climate and Biodiversity] represent first steps and in providing life support to all species on Earth. In 2019, the conclusions of the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere clearly put forth the interconnection between the ocean, climate and in the processes of addressing two of the most serious threats to the biodiversity, specifically highlighting the crucial role marine ecosystems play in mitigating and adapting habitability of our planet. Signing them will not, in itself, be sufficient. Cto the effects of climate change. The very same year, theIPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Their real importance will depend on the extent to which they give rise Ecosystem Services identified climate change as one of the five direct drivers of change in nature, noting that its to concrete actions and are followed quickly by protocols containing the effects “are accelerating in marine [...] ecosystems1” including, for example, coral reefs. There is no getting around it: climate change is ocean change. As a result, we must simultaneously address the decline in ocean health, climate special measures required to make them fully effective and the finances change and biodiversity loss to successfully overcome the greatest challenges of our time. needed to implement them. Maurice Strong, Secretary General of the Earth Summit, 1992 The ocean sits at the crossroads of all major challenges facing humanity today, and climate change and biodiversity loss are no exception. The ocean is fundamental to the sustainable world we must build as it ensures food security, human well-being, decent jobs, energy transition, a fruitful economy, a healthy ocean and a protected climate. At the heart of this “life-supporting package”, the ocean greatly contributes to the 2030 Agenda, providing solutions and opportunities to draw a sustainable path between protection and production. In that regard, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 14 “Life Below Water”, which aims to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”, s early as 1992, world leaders were advocating for the ocean also is a powerful source of untapped solutions sets out a global plan to concrete actions and stressing the importance and innovation. Such solutions are slowly emerging from a restore respect and balance of creating the enabling conditions to implement diverse range of sectors, providing key opportunities for to humanity’s relationship with such actions. This message remains particularly concrete action. Ameaningful and powerful today. Now more than ever, it the ocean. is essential to increase global efforts and allocate more The present report Ocean of Solutions to tackle climate resources towards initiatives that address both the impacts change and biodiversity loss aims to share accessible, 1 © Riley IPBES (2019): Global assessment of climate change and the loss of biodiversity. Long- reliable, scalable and replicable ocean-based solutions to report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental term objectives cannot overshadow short-term action. address the climate and biodiversity crises. Complementary Science-Policy Platform on Biodi- Internationally set goals and targets under the Paris to the Platform’s policy recommendations “A healthy versity and Ecosystem Services. E. Agreement and upcoming Post-2020 Global Biodiversity ocean, a protected climate4”, this report is the result of S. Brondizio, J. Settele, S. Díaz, and Framework are ambitious. If we are to succeed in limiting the experiences and commitments of the members of the H. T. Ngo (editors). IPBES secretariat, global warming to 2°C, we must live in harmony with Nature Ocean & Climate Platform in safeguarding the ocean and Bonn, Germany. and urgently implement measures to speed up the transition marine resources. More than 50 organisations put forth towards sustainable societies and territories. one of their flagship initiatives to encourage transformative change at all levels. It provides a pivot from ‘problem’ to To swim the talk, the Ocean & Climate Platform aims at ‘solution’, responding to policy requests and societal needs. mobilizing civil society across sectors and around the globe to drive bold actions to set the ocean on a path to recovery,

requisite to tackle climate and biodiversity challenges. It is 2 our common responsibility to act ambitiously to strengthen Ferrario, Filippo & Beck, Michael & Storlazzi, Curt & Micheli, Fiorenza & Shepard, Christine & Airoldi, Laura. (2014). The ocean-based solutions, recognizing the incredible potential effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and of marine and coastal ecosystems in acting as buffers against adaptation. Nature communications. 5. 3794. 10.1038/ncomms4794. the impacts of climate change. For instance, natural coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs and salt marshes have the 3Beck, M. Menendez, P. (2020). Protecting mangroves can prevent ability to significantly reduce wave heights2. Likewise, billions of dollars in global flooding damage every year. The mangroves are able to block storm surges (i.e., the rise in Conservation. available at: sea level during storms) and dampen waves, which protects https://theconversation.com/protecting-mangroves-can-prevent- billions-of-dollars-in-global-flooding-damage-every-year-132424 people and infrastructures near the shore3. 4OCEAN AND CLIMATE, 2019, Policy Recommendations: A healthy While much of recent attention has focused on the ocean, a protected climate. available at: vulnerability of the ocean, marine ecosystems and the https://ocean-climate.org/en/policy-recommendations-a-healthy- Figure 1. SDG 14 connections with other SDGs (Adapted from IRD) populations that rely on them, we must not forget that ocean-a-protected-climate/

4 5 • wpd: Fécamp windfarm OCEAN OF SOLUTIONS REPORT: • France Nature Environnement (FNE): Eoloscope offshore OVERVIEW OF PROJECTS • Consult’Ocean: Fishing and Marine Renewable Energy • Planète Mer: PELA-Méd: Fishermen Committed to the Future of the Mediterranean Sea The projects featured in the Ocean of Solutions report are • Our Fish: Frontiers in Marine Science Research Topic: How ocean-based initiatives, building on the best available science, Overfishing Handicaps Resilience of Marine Resources Under and developed to safeguard biodiversity, while mitigating • Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI): Building Climate Change and/or adapting to the effects of climate change. These Climate Change into Management of the Deep Sea • The Ocean Foundation: SeaGreen Sargassum Insetting solutions were classified under four broad categories: • Under The Pole: Deephope • Paul Ricard Oceanographic Institute (IOPR): New Innovative • Océanopolis: Objectif Plancton Feed for Sustainable and Environment-friendly Aquaculture • Tara Foundation and the French Facility for Global • Armateurs de France: The Blue Charter Protecting and restoring coastal and marine ecosystems Environment (FFEM): Ocean Plankton, Climate and • French Maritime Cluster (CMF): Coalition for the Eco-Energy Development Transition of Maritime Industries Promoting research, developing scientific approaches and innovation • 1.618 Programme Esprit de Velox: Esprit de Velox • Surfrider Foundation Europe: Green Marine Europe • Polar Ocean (Océan Polaire): Polar Pod • The International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW): Enhancing the transition towards low-carbon societies, territories and economies • Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the French Blue speeds for shipping Navy (SHOM): Homonim: Observation and Modelling of Education, awareness-raising and advocacy Sea-Levels • Mercator Ocean International: EU Copernicus Marine RAISING AWARENESS, Service Ocean Reporting MOBILIZING CITIZENS AND • The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS): Blue Climate Initiative (Biodiversity and Nature- PROMOTING OCEAN LITERACY: Based Solutions Working Group) • Future Earth: Ocean Knowledge Action Network • University of Brest (UBO): BLUE DiplomaSEA • French National Research Institute for Sustainable • Ethic Ocean: Species Guide for seafood buyers Development (IRD): SOOT-SEA: Impact of Black Carbon • World Ocean Network: Mr.Goodfish PROTECTING AND RESTORING • Blue Seeds: Financing mechanisms: a guide for Marine in South-East Asia Protected Areas • Institut Marin Seaquarium: ReSeaclon, fishermen and territory • French National Institute for Ocean Science (IFREMER): against marine litter COASTAL AND MARINE • French Office for Biodiversity (OFB): Artisan Fifty years of ecological changes: Regime shifts and drivers • Expédition MED: Plastic Free Mediterranean Sea - Exhibitions ECOSYSTEMS: • Ramsar Convention: Adaptive management of the in a coastal Mediterranean lagoon during oligotrophication. for Education Camargue’s former saltworks • Aquarium Tropical de la Porte Dorée: Ocean Festival (‘Fête • Conservation International: Vida Manglar • The Sea People: Yaf Keru, Raja Ampat reef restoration de l’océan’) • International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): project ENHANCING THE TRANSITION • Tour des deux Amériques solidaire en voilier: T2A Expedition Blue Natural Capital Financing Facility • Coral Guardian: Blue Center TOWARDS LOW-CARBON AND • Neographic Digital: Blue Box, The first immersive nomadic • Tenaka: Blue Carbon Program • Scientific Centre of Monaco (CSM) and Oceanographic & engaged experiences • The Nature Conservancy (TNC): Increasing Coastal Institute – Foundation Albert 1st, Prince of Monaco RESILIENT SOCIETIES: • Nausicaa: In The Eye Of The Climate Wetlands Ambition in Climate Commitments - A case • International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification study from Seychelles (OA Alliance): Ocean Acidification Action Planning • Ocean Conservancy: Shores Forward • Global Ocean Forum: Roadmap to Oceans and Climate Action Initiative • Superior Council of Scientific Investigations (CSIC): • Communauté d’Agglomération de La Rochelle: La Rochelle MPA-Engage Territoire Zéro Carbone (Blue Carbon axis) • Institut Français de la Mer (IFM) and Innovations bleues: The Ocean, a global common • Mediterranean Protected Areas Network (MedPAN): PROMOTING RESEARCH, • Nouvelle-Aquitaine Regional Council: Coastal and Interreg Med MPA NETWORKS DEVELOPING SCIENTIFIC estuarine marshes regional aid regulation • French national museum of natural history (MNHN): East • Institut France-Québec Maritime (IFQM): ARICO: Antarctic Marine Protected Area APPROACH AND INNOVATION: Co-construction of Adaptation Scenarios to Coastal Risks of • Sulubaaï Environmental Foundation: Sea Academy: for a Maritime Territories. sustainable management of the marine resources of Shark • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): Ocean • Conservatoire du Littoral: ADAPTO: Towards adaptative Fin Bay (Palawan, The Philippines) Acidification International Coordination Center coastal management • Ocean & Climate Platform: Sea’Ties 6 7 Bandura © Ivan CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL Vida Manglar: Blue Carbon project in the Morrosquillo Gulf in Cispata, Colombia

he Vida Manglar blue carbon project addresses the ex- Tpansion of agricultural lands, unsustainable tourism infrastructure, and increased logging, by conserving and restoring about 11,000 hectares of natural mangroves forests. The project is an inter-institutional and regional community initiative, which seeks certification of actions related to the reduction of carbon emissions

due to unplanned deforestation © Daniel Uribe PROTECTING AND RESTORING COASTAL (AUDD) and the conservation of coastal wetlands (CIW). OBJECTIVES expects to reduce a total of 939,296 tCO2e. The project is receiving credits Vida Manglar hopes that through for reducing deforestation in about AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS © Unsplash Budget: efforts, like Cispata, they will not 7,561 ha of mangrove forests, but the and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting N/A only help to preserve and restore funding generated by the sale of blue carbon ecosystems, but develop credits (via the international voluntary oastal and marine ecosystems, which coastal and marine ecosystems continue to provide key Funding sources: learnings that can be shared with other market) will contribute to finance the include marine living organisms and natural services to our health and well-being, moving towards a Public, private and like-minded communities and coun- management and protection of the habitats, are essential for people and nature. just and equitable transition. multilateral funding tries in support of a global endeavor entire 11,800 ha MPA. . These ecosystems offer a wide range of to conserve and restore coastal blue Cvital services to local populations, from livelihoods to These mitigation and adaptation strategies can result carbon ecosystems - ambitious and Scale: MITIGATION & tangible steps forward in demons- coastline protection. The ocean protects millions of in multiple co-benefits that will contribute to achieving Local ADAPTATION people, including by nurturing marine life, detoxifying the sustainable development goals. For instance, trating how nature-based solutions land-based pollutants and supplying food, while the ocean supports hundreds of millions of jobs in can contribute to our economy and • Promote the restoration of mangro- protect the planet. contributing to climate mitigation and adaptation. tourism, fishing and transportation. Coastal and marine Geographical location: ves through a carbon crediting project; ecosystems therefore have a significant economic Cispata, Gulf of Morrosquillo, • Conserve key biodiversity in the The ocean and marine ecosystems are key to mitigate value6. In that regard, coral reefs alone contribute $11.5 Colombia MAIN ACTIVITIES area and enhance mangroves’ carbon sequestration capabilities; climate change by sequestering and storing greenhouse billion a year to global tourism, benefitting more than The main activities consist in mangrove gases (GHG) emissions. For example, blue carbon 100 countries and providing food and livelihoods to Partner(s): restoration, avoided deforestation and • Build local communities’ capacities, 7 ecosystems (i.e., mangroves, seagrasses and salt local people . Instituto de Investigaciones biodiversity conservation of three key including the adaptation to the impacts marshes) act as carbon sinks, absorbing approximately Marinas y Costeras, Corpo- species - Manatees, Needle crocodiles of climate change. one-fourth of the total annual anthropogenic emissions This first section showcases initiatives that effectively ración Autónoma Regional and Otters – all while providing direct of carbon dioxide5. Ocean-based mitigation solutions protect and restore coastal and marine ecosystems, de los Valles del Sinú y del and indirect benefits to 4,000 people include avoiding the loss and degradation of blue therefore helping the ocean to continue providing San Jorge; CARSUCRE; living in or around the project area (e.g. carbon ecosystems, as well as restoring them. They vital ecosystem services and related socio-economic Fundación Omacha; South food, firewood, coastal protection and WHAT MAKES are crucial to deter long-term climate and ocean benefits humanity depends on. Pole Carbon Asset Mana- livelihoods). Conservation Internatio- IT INNOVATIVE change (i.e., ocean acidification, ocean warming and gement Ltda; nal uses Cispatá mangroves (i.e. the The Vida Manglar project deoxygenation), and their irreversible impacts. sale of carbon offsets) to develop a 5 is the first in the world United Nations (2016), The First Global Integrated Marine long-term sustainable financing strate- to use the new Verified Assessment. Section B. II. Project duration: gy for the region. This will provide a Besides, the ocean also provides essential adaptation Carbon Standard (VCS) blue 6 2015-2045 degree of financial security, and the solutions to reduce and cope with the adverse effects ibid carbon modules to generate initial funding needed to develop a of climate change on coastal and marine ecosystems. 7 credits from a blue carbon Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,P.R. sustainable ecotourism program and These ecosystems often serve as the first line of Shukla, A. Pirani et al., eds. 2019. Global Warming of 1.5°C: An ecosystem, it is the first SDG improve fishing practices in the region. defence in protecting low-lying communities from IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C REDD+ project in Colombia extreme weather events and rising sea-levels. Such is above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse developed with mangroves, the case of coral reefs, which can be powerful levers to Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the RESULTS & IMPACTS and the project is achieving support resilience at the local scale. On that front, local Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Climate, Community & MITIGATION & ADAPTATION Overall, the project is planned for 30 Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty. Intergovernmental Biodiversity (CCB) benefits. communities must be included in the effective design years (2015 – 2045), and Vida Manglar and implementation of the strategies that ensure Panel on Climate Change. 8 9 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN) TENAKA Blue Natural Capital Financing Facility Tenaka Blue Carbon Program

he Blue Natural Capital Financing enaka is a social business whose Facility (BNCFF) breaks the mission is to help corporations Twell-known cycle of economic Twilling to shift to regenerative degradation associated with business businesses, i.e. committing to promote success by assisting coastal and marine net-positive business for Planet projects that generate economic as and People. Alongside the Coral well as positive social and environmen- Restoration Program, the Tenaka Blue tal returns, with funding and technical Carbon Program is now focusing on assistance. With a particular focus on mangrove restoration at scale through climate change, sustainable blue eco- carbon compensation mechanisms and nomy and Nature-based Solutions, the scientific impact measurement tools. BNCFF is a tool that offers meaningful © Shutterstock and lasting positive and transformative impact for the sustainable, long-term OBJECTIVES RESULTS & IMPACTS Budget: 2021 - Tenaka Chareunphol © Anthony 80k€ management of coastal and marine Blue Natural Capital projects aim to The BNCFF supports 7 projects: (1) ecosystems needs. protect, restore and enhance natural Blue carbon ecosystem conservation Protecting and restoring coastal and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting Funding sources: OBJECTIVES available to Tenaka’s clients and their and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting ecosystems to better support climate projects in Indonesia, Kenya and communities. Key data incorporated Budget: Private (tailor-made change adaptation and mitigation Zanzibar; (2) “Net-works” (project to Corporate Responsibility Tenaka is to restore 12ha of damaged in the Impact Reporting hinge around 2.34 M CHF (2,13M €) efforts whilst conserving biodiversity collect fishing nets and to sustainably mangrove forests in 2021, which will Programs) biodiversity metrics, CO2 and associated and other vital coastal and marine produce seaweed); (3) Selva Shrimp in sequester more than 10 000 tons of greenhouse gases sequestration. Funding sources: natural resources. In line with that, the Indonesia (aquaculture project); (4) “Blue CO . This program will also benefit Scale: 2 Public and philanthropic BNCFF supports the development of Alliance for the Oriental Mindoro Marine more than 13 000 different species MITIGATION & sound, investable blue natural capital Protected Areas” in the Philippines; Subregional of marine and terrestrial wildlife, and projects with clear ecosystem service and (5) “SeatechEnergy” in Indonesia will be carried out by more than 30 ADAPTATION Scale: Geographical location: different scientific and local partners. benefits, based on multiple income (seaweed farming project). • Regenerate coastal habitats to Global If Covid-19 allows it, Tenaka will also streams and appropriate risk-return Malaysian Borneo mitigate the climate crisis, as the work alongside local schools with the profiles. The BNCFF assists project MITIGATION & impacts of carbon sequestration by partners in assessing, preparing and objective of bringing +600 students Geographical location: ADAPTATION these habitats is 3 to 5 times more structuring opportunities into bankable onsite to help with plantation and Partner(s): important than terrestrial forests; Global investments. This helps to reduce the • Through the protection, restoration scientific monitoring activities, while DoDo brand (Kering group) • Enhance adaptation co-benefits risk of natural capital investments. and conservation of coastal ecosystems learning more about the crucial role and Dataiku for local population (e.g. biodiversity, the BNCFF supports climate change of mangrove forests. Partner(s): jobs, livelihoods, protection against adaptation and mitigation efforts whilst Ministry of Environment, MAIN ACTIVITIES climate disaster); conserving biodiversity and other vital Climate and Sustainable Project duration: MAIN ACTIVITIES The main activities are: (1) preparing coastal and marine natural resources. • Provide local solutions for the Development, Government 2020-2025 a pipeline of investable projects in Tenaka mainly conducts blue carbon adaptation of coastal communities of Luxembourg, Total natural coastal systems; (2) ensuring a ecosystem restoration and awareness- (i.e. among the most vulnerable to Foundation raising activities. The plantation activities the climate crisis). sound environmental and social vetting WHAT MAKES process to measure and inform on SDG are split between the nurseries, where Project duration: positive impacts and minimize potential IT INNOVATIVE mangrove seedlings are raised during WHAT MAKES 2018 - 2021 risks; (3) advising on best-practices and The BNCFF project adopts a 6 to 12 months, and the plantation standards for sound implementation site where the mature seedlings are IT INNOVATIVE holistic approach combining MITIGATION & ADAPTATION of Nature-based Solutions in coastal to be planted. Scientific monitoring is inclusive economic growth Tenaka believes businesses environments; (4) supporting project a key activity to be carried out by our SDG with ecosystem conservation, have the power to developers towards the development scientific partners alongside volunteers and has the potential to bring regenerate ecosystems of bankable investment opportunities and students. the necessary paradigm shift and have a duty to repair based on blue natural capital; (5) in society. It aspires to use an damages made to the ocean. providing technical assistance to MITIGATION & ADAPTATION innovative, blended financing RESULTS & IMPACTS The model is set to convince project developers; and (6) developing model to access different companies in many different blue prints based on BNCFF funded The Tenaka Science® platform uses data revenue streams and attract fields to invest in ecosystem projects. visualization tools to make scientific new investors. restoration. and impact measurements data

10 11 THE NATURE CONSERVANCY (TNC) Increasing Coastal Wetlands Ambition in Climate Commitments: A case study from Seychelles

Nature-based Solutions in eychelles has committed to fully map the extent of coastal and marine ecosystems: Sseagrass and mangrove habitats within its Economic Exclusive Zone, in turn ascribing a a focus on blue carbon value to the carbon stored within such habitats. The Seychelles is committing to protecting coastal ature-based Solutions are ocean area, coastal ecosystems account wetlands and will integrate blue carbon values of seagrass meadows defined by the IUCN as for approximately 50% of the total carbon within its next Nationally Determined 9 “actions to protect, sustainably sequestered in ocean sediments . For Yoshii © Hiroko Contribution and increase ambition manage and restore natural instance, it is estimated that mangrove by putting in place protections for

Nand modified ecosystems in ways that habitats alone store around 6.4 billion tons Albert © SeyCCAT/Charlene at least 50% of Seychelles seagrass address societal challenges effectively of carbon at a global scale10. and mangrove ecosystems by 2025, and adaptively, to provide both human and 100% of seagrass and mangrove OBJECTIVES by 2030, subject to external support,

well-being and biodiversity benefits.”8. Adopting and scaling-up Nature-based ecosystems by 2030. reflecting their value for mitigation, and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting The project objectives are twofold: (1) Solutions to protect and restore coastal adaptation and resilience. These targets, Generate data on blue carbon ecosys- by going beyond reporting of carbon Building on this definition, Nature-based and marine ecosystems, especially blue Budget: tems in Seychelles by applying the latest stocks in blue carbon ecosystems, will Solutions in coastal and marine ecosystems carbon ecosystems, can therefore act as N/A remote-sensing methods and carbon solidify Seychelles’ leadership in coastal (coastal and marine NbS) are actions to a multi-purpose solution and contribute to assessment techniques to develop a wetland protection and inspire other protect, sustainably manage and restore ambitious climate action. Leading countries, Funding sources: field-validated map of the extent of states to make similar commitments. coastal and marine ecosystems in ways such as Chile, Costa Rica, Fiji, Seychelles and Private and Public seagrass meadows and associated that address societal challenges effectively Senegal, have started to include coastal and carbon stocks in Seychelles waters; MITIGATION & and (2) Include ambitious blue carbon and adaptively. Coastal and marine NbS marine NbS into national climate strategies Scale: targets into the Nationally Determined ADAPTATION are based on the ability of coastal and in view of achieving the objectives of the Local Contribution. marine ecosystems to sequester CO2 (i.e., Paris Agreement. • Integrate blue carbon targets in the blue carbon ecosystems), and/or their Geographical location: Seychelles’ Nationally Determined ability to foster adaptation and resilience 8 Defining Nature-based Solutions. available at: https://www. MAIN ACTIVITIES Contribution; iucn.org/theme/nature-based-solutions/about Seychelles of communities and ecosystems, by acting Main activities include: (1) supporting • Increase resilience from coastal as buffers against climate change impacts 9 The Blue Carbon Initiative (2020). Guidelines for Blue the creation of a field-validated map of communities; Partner(s): while improving livelihoods. Carbon and Nationally Determined Contributions available the extent of seagrass meadows and • Enhance strong mitigation co-benefits at https://www.thebluecarboninitiative.org/policy-guidance Seychelles Conservation & associated carbon stocks in Seychelles from blue carbon ecosystems. Climate Adaptation Trust 10 Mapping Ocean Wealth. The carbon sequestration power waters, by using the latest remote-sen- In that regard, “blue carbon” ecosystems (SeyCCAT), Pew Charitable of coastal wetlands. available at: https://oceanwealth.org/ sing methods and carbon assessment (i.e., mangroves, saltmarshes and seagrasses) ecosystem-services/carbon/. Trusts stand out, as they are most effective in techniques; and (2) supporting the WHAT MAKES mitigating climate change, while offering drafting of the Seychelles’ updated 2021 IT INNOVATIVE NDC to signal wider ambition and to vital services to local populations. Project duration: 2020-2022 identify clear and transparent contri- Despite growing recognition Indeed, despite covering only 2% of the total butions. The project also contributes of the values provided to including the carbon stock value of by seagrass, the extent these seagrass ecosystems in other SDG of their coverage is far future mitigation policies. less well known. Various localized mapping efforts RESULTS & IMPACTS have occurred globally, but MITIGATION & ADAPTATION no country has committed Seychelles has recently announced its to mapping at the scale its commitments to protect at least 50% full EEZ, which in the case of Seychelles seagrass and mangrove of Seychelles represents a ecosystems by 2025, and 100% of significant undertaking. seagrass and mangrove ecosystems

12 13 SUPERIOR COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS (CSIC) MEDITERRANEAN PROTECTED AREAS NETWORK (MEDPAN) MPA-Engage Interreg Med MPA NETWORKS engagement through participatory n the context of climate change approaches; and (4) mainstreaming hen effectively managed, seriously threatening coastal eco- developed and upgraded climate marine protected areas Isystems and the services that policies in the Mediterranean Sea. W(MPAs) are one of the most they provide they provide to Medi- effective tools for the conservation terranean societies, it is necessary RESULTS & IMPACTS of marine biodiversity. The MPA to tackle these impacts. Marine NETWORKS project aims at impro- Protected Areas (MPAs) are impor- Development of socio-ecological vulne- ving marine biodiversity protection tant for preserving and enhancing rability tool and trainings (webinars with by strengthening MPA management socio-ecological resilience, however +100 participants), development of 11 through networking activities at diffe- there is a lack of specific adaptation harmonized monitoring protocols and rent levels, testing and capitalising plans in most MPAs. MPA-Engage training (webinars +250 participants), de- solutions, transferring knowledge and

stands for Engaging Mediterranean velopment of citizen science strategiesCrédit photo building capacity. key actors in Ecosystem Approach to for MPAs and training (webinar +150 manage MPAs to better face climate participants), consolidation of T-MED- change, and will help address the Net platform +18 million temperature Budget: impacts of climate change while samples secured, development of the 2,664 millions € © Parc national de Brijuni, Croatie creating specific adaptation plans. Marine Heat Wave tracker near real time and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting in the Mediterranean, temperature data Funding sources: OBJECTIVES implemented for MPAs. National visualization services at local, ecoregion Public and private and regional thematic networks of Budget: and regional scales, 23 MPAs in the The project aims to boost the MPA managers have started to be About 3 million € OBJECTIVES network, +70 sites running monitoring effectiveness of MPAs through strong, reinforced and connected. The process activities, +1000 mass mortality records Scale: The overall objective of the MPA- active and connected networks of to develop a Post 2020 Mediterranean in the mass mortality events database Regional Funding sources: Engage project is to support and MPA managers. It provides sustainable MPA Roadmap has started. Public promote the role of Mediterranean solutions to key challenges requiring a supra-MPA approach, considering MPA MPAs as nature-based solutions for MITIGATION & Geographical location: MITIGATION & the implementation of adaptation and ADAPTATION management effectiveness, Small scale Scale: Mediterranean fisheries management, Mobile species ADAPTATION Regional mitigation actions. The project will produce adaptation plans for 7 MPAs • Identify actions to address adaptation conservation and sustainable financing. • Effectively manage marine protected and will put the Mediterranean Sea at and mitigation of the ecological and Partner(s): areas to strengthen their role as marine socio-economic systems; Geographical location: the forefront of marine conservation 9 partners including MPA MAIN ACTIVITIES spatial management tool, therefore • Upgrade climate policies in the Me- Mediterranean in the face of climate change. To do managers supporting ecosystem-based adaptation so, MPA-Engage will involve the main diterranean Sea and increase the ef- The network’s main activities include: (1) and mitigation. stakeholders of each MPA: managers, fectiveness of MPAs; Designing a new collaborative process Partner(s): socio-economic actors – recreational • Develop adaptation plans in Medi- Project duration: to strengthen and connect networks 14 partners including the ma- diving sector and artisanal fishing, terranean MPAs; 2019-2022 at national and regional levels on key topics; (2) Setting up concrete actions nagement bodies of 7 Marine local and regional authorities, research • Enhance knowledge on marine eco- through 9 pilot projects in 7 countries; WHAT MAKES Protected Areas (MPA) institutions and the general public. systems to better face the impacts of (3) Building skills and capacities of MPA IT INNOVATIVE climate change. SDG actors; (4) Building strong alliances Project duration: MAIN ACTIVITIES of sites sharing similar challenges; Networks of MPA managers 2019-2022 enable working on MPAs with MPA-Engage’s main activities are: (1) (5) Developing a new Post 2020 WHAT MAKES Roadmap for Mediterranean MPAs a new dynamic. Networking improving the knowledge on marine MITIGATION & ADAPTATION IT INNOVATIVE and a coordinated MPA voices with activities facilitate exchanges, ecosystems and their inter-linkages capitalization and increased SDG with human activities to face the impact shared recommendations to support MPA-Engage seeks to enhance pro-MPA policy-making. knowledge. Through joined of climate change; (2) fostering the and improve the management forces of networks and a dyna- implementation and development of Mediterranean MPAs to face mic bottom-up approach linking of standardized tools for monitoring MITIGATION & ADAPTATION climate change and ensure their RESULTS & IMPACTS experience on the ground and schemes (e.g. vulnerability assessments, role as effective nature-based Pilot projects have started to test decision-making processes, monitoring schemes and adaptation solutions. It also creates specific MPA voices are coordinated plans in Mediterranean MPAs and methodologies to improve fisheries adaptation plans that most management, sustainable financing to support policy-making at all small-scale and recreational fishery MPAs do not have. levels. sectors); (3) promoting stakeholder and mobile species conservation. First training modules have been

14 15 SULUBAAÏ ENVIRONMENTAL FOUNDATION FRENCH NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (MNHN) Sea Academy: for a sustainable management of the East Antarctic Marine Protected Area marine resources of Shark Fin Bay (Palawan, The Philippines) reassessment of EAMPA Conservation RESULTS & IMPACTS he Commission for the Conser- Measure in 2019). he project focuses on ecosystem vation of Antarctic Marine Living preservation, education & Many activities were delayed because Resources (CCAMLR) has com- RESULTS & IMPACTS training, economic development of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, T T to date the MPAs have been voted mitted to designing a representative and scientific research. The core network of Marine Protected Areas in In 2011, CCAMLR adopted a framework of the project is the creation of 3 with the villages, the schools are the Southern Ocean (i.e. Mac Robert- for establishing marine protected areas participative MPAs managed by local involved in the educational program son, Drygalski and D’Urville Sea-Mertz) in the form of a conservation measure communities. Scientific innovating and the Sea Academy is now building to ensure long term protection of all and in doing so, the Commission techniques are used to monitor the the necessary facilities to start the identified habitats, biodiversity and committed to create a representative MPAs. Active restoration on corals restoration program. Expected results ecological processes. East Antarctic system of MPAs in the CCAMLR area. and fish communities respectfully within 3 years include: (1) 3 new MPAs Marine Protected Area (EAMPA) is one Besides, scientific progress were with a new-designed artificial reef (150 ha) managed by Sandoval, Silanga of the identified areas that will contri- made, such as refining the work on the and post-larvae capture-culture- and Depla barangays; (2) 600 ha of bioregionalisation of East-Antarctica and marine environment watch; (3) 120 000 bute to the protection of pelagic and release. An educational program will OBJECTIVES benthic ecoregions used as proxies, on the Ecoregionalisation of D’Urville make students discover their marine juvenile fish released in each MPA; (4) in a data poor region, to biodiversity. Sea using demersal fish D’Urville Sea ecosystems and understand how to The overall goal is to restore the marine 150 000 juvenile culture fish in each Its design and objectives have been bird colonies included in the CCAMLR protect them. biodiversity and restock the fish popula- barangay; (5) 600 children participant

OBJECTIVES and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting reviewed and await consensus from Ecosystem Monitoring Program to tion of Shark Fin Bay for the benefits of of the Sea Academy educational program; and (6) 15 created jobs with CCAMLR Members. The objectives are: (1) To include every monitor Climate Change effects on long Budget: local populations. The main stake is food job training for local people. type of habitat and ecosystem (and the term biological series of observations. 1 700 k€ security since local populations critically Budget: associated biodiversity) that occurs in depend on marine resources for their 3 500 k€ the East Antarctic; (2) To conserve the MITIGATION & Funding sources: protein income. The objectives are: (1) MITIGATION & biodiversity of the East Antarctic; (3) ADAPTATION Public and private to preserve ecosystems by creating 3 ADAPTATION To protect key ecosystem processes, participative marine protected areas Funding sources: • Protect key ecosystems, including • Provide a sustainable model of de- habitats and species, including nursery Scale: (MPAs) of 50 ha each; (2) to restore coral Public nursery grounds for krill; velopment to maintain and restore grounds for Antarctic krill, Antarctic Local reefs and fish populations inside the toothfish, and silverfish; (4) To provi- • Create an area linked to other MPAs MPAs and expecting spill-over effect; the degraded coastal ecosystems; Scale: de reference areas for studying the around Antarctica where human (3) to teach and train students and • Reduce the fishing and destructive Geographical location: Subregional impacts of fishing and ecosystem exploitation will be reduced; adults for a sustainable management pressures on coastal ecosystems; changes (e.g. climate change); (5) To • Enhance scientific monitoring to help Shark Fin Bay, Palawan, of marine resources; (4) to share the • Provide local jobs to avoid local The Philippines Geographical location: allow the MPA to be used for research assess species resilience in the face of experience and replicate it in Palawan people moving to cities etc; and monitoring; (6) To allow activities Climate Change. and South Asia. D’Urville Sea, Mac Robertson • Organize activities like mangrove consistent with providing for multiple Partner(s): and Drygalski, Antarctica • Study the impacts of fishing and planting and clean up with local com- use within the individual MPAs when ecosystem changes (e.g. climate change); CRIOBE, Andromede MAIN ACTIVITIES munities. those activities will not impact on the Oceanologie, Chorus Leading partner(s): objectives of those MPAs. Research Institute, Ecocean, Scientific monitoring uses passive acous- University of La Sorbonne, WHAT MAKES Western Philippines tic, photogrammetry environmental Australian Antarctic Division MAIN ACTIVITIES IT INNOVATIVE University, Marine Science DNA, combined with the standard WHAT MAKES Institute visual census protocol to evaluate Other partner organisation(s): Main activities include: leading The Southern Ocean is MPAs. Besides, activities for the res- IT INNOVATIVE The French Office for Biodi- scientific expeditions (e.g. 2007-2008 a data poor area and toration of marine ecosystems include This project creates a versity and The French Polar CEAMARC expedition, and 2009- designing MPAs in such Project duration: managing artificial reefs where the network of participative Institute Paul Emile Victor 2017 REVOLTA expeditions), planning an area has proved to be 2021-2024 reefs were damaged by blast fishing MPAs, it involves public and marine protected areas deployment difficult. To overcome this and capture-raising-release of wild private funds and partners. (e.g. 2011 MPA-workshop in Brest), issue, the MNHN developed, Project duration: post-larvae to repopulate the fish It has a complete approach and drafting policy recommendations in collaboration with other communities, as well as raising some through protection, 2007 - 2021 SDG (e.g. First EAMPA design submitted funding partners, proxies of the common post-larvae captured restoration and education at CCAMLR Scientific Committee to habitat diversity and the for local food consumption. In addition, activities, and provides in a in 2011, First presentation to the associated biodiversity. the Sea Academy educational program SDG very short term all the tools Commission of the EAMPA draft A reduced set of variables is offered to the school to bring stu- MITIGATION & ADAPTATION for the local population to Conservation Measure in 2012, A proved to be sufficient to dents in the marine ecosystems and keep the activities running. It reduced version of the EAMPA draft describe ecoregions, pelagic provides adapted courses and activities is easily replicable. MITIGATION & ADAPTATION Conservation Measure is presented and benthic. to discover their marine environment. to the Commission in 2014 and Major 16 17 BLUE SEEDS Financing Mechanisms: a Guide for Marine Protected Areas

Towards climate-smart designs nly 12% of the financial needs of MPAs are covered by their

of Marine Protected Areas: © ECOCEAN Ocurrent resources. Drawing on its experience in the field and its multidisciplinary approach, Blue Seeds developed a practical guide arine Protected Areas (MPAs) are Additionally, MPAs serve as an invaluable presenting funding mechanisms an area-based management tool source of information by providing a adapted to MPAs. This guide offers with biodiversity conservation reference to how marine ecosystems react the opportunity to marine conserva- as primary objective. In addition to climate change in the absence of human tion stakeholders to increase their Mto restoring fish abundance and biomass11, disturbance. By phasing out additional positive impact in the Mediterranean © BlueSeeds Sea. By making it available to eve- they provide a wide range of other long- anthropogenic pressures, they can be used ryone free of charge, BlueSeeds OBJECTIVES further assessed through the practical term ecological and socioeconomic by the scientific community as “sentinels implementation of the mechanisms onto hopes to inspire new, lasting initia- 1) Methodology to develop a business benefits, such as habitat protection, of climate change, laboratories to monitor tives with strong positive ecological, pilot sites. Blue Seeds also launched export of eggs, larvae and adults in fishing the effects of climate change and areas plan and a financial strategy. A lot of a first call for expression of interest in social and economic effects. MPAs do not have time or skills to de- grounds and increase in fishing yields12. As where to develop new management May 2021 to identify pilot sites for the and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting velop tools that link their management such, MPAs play a key role in rebuilding tools”20. practical implementation of the first Budget: plan and environmental objectives to mechanism introduced in the guide, marine populations and habitats, which 11 Lester et al. (2009). Biological effects within no- financial figures. Many business plans 100k € more will follow this same year. contribute to the resilience of both marine take marine reserves: a global synthesis are prepared by consultants, and once populations and coastal communities to 12 Di Lorenzo et al. (2020). Assessing spillover from the contract is over, MPAs do not have climate change13. marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐ Funding sources: the skills to use it. BlueSeeds wants MITIGATION & analytical approach. Private to empower MPA managers on those ADAPTATION 13 finance issues. (2) Methodology to The effectiveness of MPAs at delivering Roberts (2017). Marine reserves can mitigate and • Make MPA more resilient by di- implement financing mechanisms for positive outcomes is mitigated by various promote adaptation to climate change. Scale: versifying their source of revenue to MPAs (e.g., revolving fund, visitor fees, drivers. MPAs’ level of protection, 14 Edgar (2014). Global conservation outcomes Regional reduce their financial gap; concession fees). The guide provides management, age and size play key roles14, 15. depend on marine protected areas with five key MPA managers with a concrete toolbox, • Reduce the financial uncertainty In particular, bigger and older14,15 and features. weighing on the shoulders of MPA- Geographical location: and Blue Seeds will support them 16 17 15 those being fully or highly protected , Claudet, J. et al. (2008). Marine reserves: size with the implementation of financing managers to help them better focus and age do matter. Ecology Letters, 11, pp.481–489 Mediterranean are the most effective. mechanisms. on actual conservation activities, 16 Zupan et al. (2018). Marine partially protected hence being more impactful on these MPA effectiveness will also be affected areas: drivers of ecological effectiveness. Front. Partner(s): activities.. Ecol. Environ. 16, 381–387. MAIN ACTIVITIES by future ocean conditions. Climate- 6 partners including https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1934. smart MPAs should be designed in ways MedPAN and After writing (for 9 months) and then 17 to cope with future climatic conditions. Bárbara Horta e Costa (2016). A regulation- the MAVA Foundation promoting this guide through technical based classification system for Marine Protected webinars, BlueSeeds started to look WHAT MAKES This is achieved for example by choosing Areas (MPAs) for marine protected areas to support IT INNOVATIVE the MPA’s location based on climate Project duration: 18 Wilson (2020). Incorporating climate change the implementation of these financing This guide is a practical and vulnerability criteria, or by creating 2020-2022 adaptation into marine protected area planning mechanisms; and launched calls for concrete tool dedicated networks of MPAs which account for expressions of interest for marine 19 Mc Leod (2009). Designing marine protected area to help MPA managers to future changes in the ocean’s connectivity protected areas in the Mediterranean networks to address the impacts of climate change. implement financing mecha- and migration corridors18, 19. Implementing in May 2021. 20 SDG nisms. With its step-by-step such designs requires improved dialogue Ocean and Climate Platform (2019). High-Level Scientific Conference: From COP21 towards the approach, Blue Seeds wants between the scientific community, policy- United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for RESULTS & IMPACTS to empower MPA managers makers and local stakeholders, including and help them consolidate a Sustainable Development (2021-2030). Conference The guide was recently released, and Indigenous and local knowledge holders. Report. Paris, France. MITIGATION & ADAPTATION sustainable financial strategy was already downloaded over 370 and a solid business plan, times. Blue Seeds organized a webinar in order to achieve their joined by 220 people from all over the conservation objectives over world, which shows a great interest from the long term. MPAs on that topic. Impacts will be

18 19 © ECOCEAN RAMSAR CONVENTION FRENCH OFFICE FOR BIODIVERSITY (OFB) Adaptive management of the Artisan Camargue’s former saltworks

he Artisan project aims he main aim is to manage to establish a framework 6.500ha of former saltworks Tto further encourage Tas «Nature-based Solutions» the development of adaptation in a context of strong coastal erosion nature-based solutions at all levels, and increasing threats due to sea therefore increasing the resilience level rise. The ecological restoration of territories to climate change. of this site, through Ecosystem- The EU-funded Artisan project based Adaptation and Disaster was created in relation to France’s Risk Reduction approaches, is Biodiversity Plan and France’s implemented in order to act as a National Climate Adaptation Plan. «climate buffer» and protect human © Cyrille Barnérias settlements and activities in the Rhône delta. Budget: OBJECTIVES designed the main features of the 16,7 millions € project. Related events will be convened The Artisan project aims to increase including forums, award ceremonies Budget: du Valat Jalbert – Tour © Jean

the resilience of territories to climate and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting 520 M€ (Purchase of 6.500ha) and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting Funding sources: and workshops. change. To that end, it has three main 1.5M€ (Hydraulic works) Public the very fast restoration of landscapes; priorities: (1) Demonstrate and show- MITIGATION & OBJECTIVES case the potential of nature-based the dissipation of wave energy during Scale: solutions; (2) Raise-awareness and ADAPTATION Funding sources: The overall goal is to implement adap- storms (by the re-connected lagoons, Global build stakeholders capacity; (3) Public and private tive management to sea-level rise, allowing low pressure on the inland • Develop nature-based adaptation Support adaptation nature-based ensuring co-benefits to biodiversity protection dyke); the important quantity solutions to increase the resilience and human well-being and safety. The solutions projects in France (including Scale: of sand entering the lagoons during Geographical location: of territories to climate change; objectives are to (1) Implement and test overseas). The project targets elected Local storms (acting as buffers against future France including overseas representatives, local authorities, • Place marine biodiversity at the Nature-based Solutions approaches storms). territories engineering and consulting firms, eco- heart of French climate mitigation in the restoration process of coastal nomic stakeholders and civil society. and strategies; Geographical location: zones affected by erosion and sea-level ADAPTATION Partner(s): • Enhance the potential mitigation Rhône delta, Southern France rise; (2) Ensure a scientific approach co-benefits of adaptation nature- of the restoration processes enabling 29 partners, including the IUCN MAIN ACTIVITIES • Offer a large-scale adaptive response based solutions; transfer of experiences to other coas- to coastal erosion and sea-level rise by French Committee Leading partner(s): • Raise-awareness about climate tal areas facing similar challenges. implementing nature-based solutions. Main features of the project in- Conservatoire du Littoral, impacts on coasts and coastal clude: (1) A pilot site in Martinique Parc Naturel Régional de communities. Project duration: to restore Mangroves to limit marine Camargue MAIN ACTIVITIES 2021-2028 submersion; (2) A national network on coastal issues looking at risks of Activities include: (1) restoring a more WHAT MAKES submersion, erosion and impacts of Other partner organisation(s): natural hydrological functioning that reconnects the surrounding hydrosys- IT INNOVATIVE climate change on fisheries; (3) The WHAT MAKES Tour du Valat, Société Nationale SDG de Protection de la Nature tems; (2) restoring the natural ecosys- The project is an example diagnosis of impacts of climate change IT INNOVATIVE on fisheries and aquaculture and the tems characteristic of coastal lagoons of how humans can help and sandy coastlines; (3) maintaining to reverse a disturbance link with nature-based solutions; (4) Through the promotion of Project duration: A methodological guide on tourism or increasing the carrying capacity using nature-based MITIGATION & ADAPTATION nature-based solutions, the Since 2008 (including coastal tourism) with regards Artisan project strengthens for breeding colonial waterbirds; (4) solutions and adaptive to nature-based solutions; and (5) adaptation strategies, implementing adaptive management restoration until nature All others aspects that could come while providing mitigation to sea-level rise; and (5) contributing recovers its functionality back from the ground thanks to the co-benefits. It places to sustainable developments, including and resilience. It is a unique national network. biodiversity at the heart of SDG facilitating the development of green large-scale experiment French climate adaptation tourism and recreational activities. (6.500 ha) in Europe for the and mitigation strategies, implementation of Nature- RESULTS & IMPACTS based Solutions applied to enhancing synergies between ADAPTATION RESULTS & IMPACTS The French office for Biodiversity climate and biodiversity coastal areas threatened by has selected the 10-pilote sites, and action. Ecological, economic and social evalua- erosion and sea-level rise. identified key stakeholders. It has tions were carried out. Results include

20 21 THE SEA PEOPLE CORAL GUARDIAN Yaf Keru, Raja Ampat reef restoration project Blue Center

AF KERU is a community-based ased on its experience in reef restoration programme Indonesia and in response to Ydesigned to convert former Bthe climate emergency, Coral fishermen into coral gardeners. Guardian launched a training program Restoration effort is focused on in 2019, called the Blue Center, which former bomb fishing grounds and enables any project leader or orga- specifically aims at improving substrate nization to benefit from theoretical, stabilisation to prevent burial of practical or financial support to pristine primary reefs found below. launch a participatory marine conser- The programme has an educational vation project. Several candidates © The SEA People © The purpose with coral gardeners capable have requested support from Coral of educating both local community Guardian in the implementation permanent position for a local project members and marine park visitors OBJECTIVES of their project. Two projects are manager. In terms of education, the coral about ocean literacy and services already implemented in Indonesia The main objectives are to: (1) Esta- awareness campaigns have reached

provided by coral reefs YAF KERU and in Spain, and other projects are Guardian© Coral Tamlyn / Coco blish a skilled team of 10-20 Coral 1000 local villagers and more than means ‘Coral garden’ in Papuan gardeners and provide sustainable being reviewed.

10,000 marine park visitors. and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting language. and restorative livelihoods for 50-100 OBJECTIVES full-time employees, a return of around community members; (2) Restore up MITIGATION & Budget: 5 times more species of fish and 30 to 1 ha of degraded rubble slopes per The overall goal is to support project Budget: ADAPTATION 1 million € over 5 years times more fish in the restoration area. 150k€ per Hectare of year and establish the entire ecological leaders in developing participatory A new project based in Spain joined functioning of healthy coral reefs reef restored • Maintain and enhance the resilience marine conservation projects around the Blue Center in 2020, but it remains within 3 years; (3) Establish a 500ha Funding sources: of coral reefs by developing the re- the world. The three priorities are to (1) too early to have measurable results of no-take zone around the project to generation process and promoting Private protect and restore coral ecosystems the impact of the project. Worldwide, Funding sources: improve local food security; (4) Provide sustainable practices among marine by involving local actors; to (2) raise Coral Guardian has raised awareness Grants, Private donations educational and participative services awareness on coral issues among park stakeholders; Scale: among over 400.000 people. to local tourism operators as a mean to local and international communities; • Select a large range of heat-stress Global achieve financial sustainability; (5) Use and to (3) contribute to expanding Scale: resistant coral species in the pro- MITIGATION the programme as a platform for field scientific knowledge related to coral Local gramme; research and coral ecology studies. Geographical location: ecosystems. • Restore coral ecosystems to bring • Provide alternative livelihoods de- biodiversity back; Geographical location: signed to reduce the anthropogenic Indonesia and Spain MAIN ACTIVITIES • Mitigate coastal erosion to help Dampier Strait, Raja Ampat, pressures and impact caused by illegal MAIN ACTIVITIES ecosystems adapt to a changing en- West Papua, Indonesia extractive practices. Main activities are mainly: scientific Partner(s): The main activities conducted under vironment. activities (e.g. environmental assess- Equilibrio Marino, WES this project are communication with Partners: ment, substrate stabilisation, coral the different project leaders to guide transplantation, participative science 5 partners including Planète WHAT MAKES the coral restoration activities (e.g. and conservation, social consultations) Mer, Conservation International IT INNOVATIVE Project duration: training programmes), scientific and awareness-raising activities (i.e. and the French National 2019 - 2023 monitoring of the restoration areas, WHAT MAKES educational events, ecological and YAF KERU is designed to Museum of Natural History and the development of awareness diving training, awareness and socia- be in the World’s top 1% programmes. The implementation IT INNOVATIVE lisation campaigns, crown of thorns programmes of its kind in of these activities varies depending The project is unique in its SDG Project duration: culling campaigns). terms of scale and longevity. on the context, and is managed in participatory approach. 2016 - 2023 It is highly cost effective collaboration with local organisations. Project leaders are given the RESULTS & IMPACTS (150K euros/ha) and brings knowledge and skills to develop a permaculture approach ADAPTATION RESULTS & IMPACTS their own conservation project. 1400m2 of reef have been restored in to the field. Whilst reef SDG Each project involves local and front of 4 local tourism villages. 14000+ restoration can have a Two projects have been developed international actors to raise coral fragments transplanted of at significant ecological output, since the launch of the Blue Center. awareness at all levels. Each least 61 scleractinian species. The pilot it also provides both a socio- The first project began in 2015 in project includes scientific moni- MITIGATION & ADAPTATION provided training and salaries to 13 local economic and socio-cultural Indonesia and joined the Blue Center toring activities that contribute community members. At present, the lift to the local community. in 2019. This project has seen 40000 to its adaptive management. programme can sustainably cover 1 corals transplanted, a local team of 8

22 23 SCIENTIFIC CENTRE OF MONACO (CSM) & OCEANOGRAPHIC INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO COMBAT INSTITUTE - FOUNDATION ALBERT 1ST, PRINCE OF MONACO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION (OA ALLIANCE) World Coral Conservatory Ocean Acidification Action Planning RESULTS & IMPACTS o counter the anticipated he International Alliance to Maine’s Ocean and Coastal Acidifica- disappearance of coral reefs Combat Ocean Acidification tion Partnership explores kelp farming Tby 2100, the World Coral T(OA Alliance) brings together as a strategy for remediating OA and Conservatory was created as a governments and organizations from improving shellfish cultivation. Califor- “Noah’s Ark” for corals. It is a bio- across the globe dedicated to taking nia’s Ocean Science Trust explores the bank for corals that uses a global urgent action to protect coastal potential co-benefits of restoring and network of public aquaria and coral communities and livelihoods from conserving seagrass beds and kelp reef institutes. This conservatory the threat of ocean acidification and forests, examining the role seagrass will be used as (1) a reservoir for other climate-ocean impacts. The play remediating impacts of coastal conservation, preservation of coral OA Alliance helps decision-makers acidification. Mook Sea Farm & Taylor genetic and species diversity, and better understand climate impacts

© Institut oceanographique/Michel Dagnino oceanographique/Michel © Institut Shellfish Farms are exploring adapta- restoration projects; (2) a tool for to marine resources and implement tion strategies including buffering of research (i.e. basic, assisted-evo- actions that reduce impacts and OBJECTIVES Global Coral Biobank Alliance with seawater to ensure that the oysters lution stress-resistant genotypes, increase biodiversity, adaptative OBJECTIVES & shellfish they grow are able to wit- and biotechnology); and as (3) a the Great Barrier Reef Legacy, the capacity and resiliency. The aims of the World Coral Florida Reef Tract project and the The OA Alliance aims to (1) Elevate hstand impacts. State of Oregon will be platform for raising-awareness on Conservatory are: (1) To create a unique Protecting and restoring coastal and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting co-locating oceanographic monitoring and marine ecosystems coastal and restoring Protecting the protection of coral reefs. Smithsonian Conservation Biology urgency and ambition for climate action repository of living coral colonies (1000 Institute in Hawaii. At last, the scientific Budget: by highlighting impacts to ocean re- alongside existing biological sampling species) ; (2) To contribute to protecting consortium comprises 6 international N/A sources, ecosystems and communities; in Marine Reserves. coral reef biodiversity; (3) To provide Budget: institutions (genetics, physiology, to (2) Integrate ocean into climate researchers from all over the world with assisted-evolution). The project was commitments, policies and multi-go- MITIGATION & 10 million € referenced and trackable biological Funding sources: published in Plos Biology, and the first Public and private vernmental frameworks; and to (3) ADAPTATION material; (4) To use the available collection of corals is planned for the Translate knowledge into policy actions foundation • Better understand and respond Funding sources: biological resources for assisted second semester of 2021. by national, regional and subnational to the threat of ocean acidification Private evolution approaches to increase stress governments. Members of the OA Al- and other climate-ocean stressors tolerance and recovery; (5) To provide ADAPTATION Scale: liance are helping to promote and drive comprehensive information on corals Global and impacts; Scale: implementation of actions, including and coral reefs to the general public • Better understand coral resilience, • Call for emissions reductions and Global nature-based solutions, that address and stakeholders in order to educate recovery and tolerance to global the causes of ocean acidification and in- ocean adaptation actions under in- Geographical location: and enable people to participate changes; crease biodiversity, adaptative capacity ternational climate frameworks; North America Geographical location: in the collective effort of coral reef • Develop assisted approaches to and resiliency of coastal communities. • Promote a mix of approaches to mi- conservation. Global enhance coral resilience and tolerance tigate anthropogenic carbon emissions to global changes; Partner(s): MAIN ACTIVITIES and local land-based contributions MAIN ACTIVITIES • Enhance the ecosystem services Maine Ocean and Coastal Aci- that exacerbate ocean acidification Partner(s): provided by corals. dification Partnership; Oregon alongside adaptation strategies that The OA Alliance supports national, 26 partners including There are four main activities in Coordinating Council on Ocean build resilience in the face of future subnational, regional and tribal go- Nausicaa and Oceanopolis this project: (1) on-land nursery for Acidification & Hypoxia change. vernments to create action plans that conservation, (2) basic and applied WHAT MAKES research to better understand coral effectively promote solutions that Project duration: biology and make corals more resilient IT INNOVATIVE Project duration: increase biodiversity and advance WHAT MAKES 2019-2029 knowledge into action. It contributes to and tolerant to global change, (3) reef It is the first time that a project 2017 - Present IT INNOVATIVE (1) reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide restoration thanks to assisted-evolution aims at having 1000 species emissions, the number one cause of As the science, research & and (4) education and raising-awareness on-land nurseries (mainly aqua- ocean acidification; (2) advancing scien- observed impacts of ocean SDG on protection of coral reefs. riums) to save coral biodiversity. SDG tific understanding of climate-ocean acidification continue to grow, This will create a coral ID card impacts; (3) reducing local pollutions the OA Alliance supports for each species and will allow RESULTS & IMPACTS that exacerbate ocean acidification; governments, increasing to build “super corals”. The knowledge exchange and ADAPTATION Since March 2019, 17 worldwide aquaria MITIGATION & ADAPTATION (4) protecting the environment and project will ensure the ability to expertise on the substance have been recruited as vaults for the coastal communities from climate-ocean maintain improved coral stocks and process for developing coral biobank. Moreover, the CSM impacts; (5) expanding public aware- that will allow the restoration of local, regional and national and the Oceanographic Institute ness; and (6) sustaining international coral reefs, giving these corals a responses in the face of have federated similar projects and multi-governmental support for better survival rate. cumulative ocean change. around the world and created the addressing this global problem.

24 25 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (IAEA) The Ocean Acidification International Coordination Center (OA-ICC)

cean acidification has emerged as one of the 21st century’s Omajor global threats to marine ecosystems, and is the specific focus of SDG target 14.3. As world-wide research activities on ocean acidifi- cation and related stressors continue to develop, there is a clear need for effective global scientific cooperation. Crédit photo Hub for global ocean acidification activities, the OA-ICC is working to build a strong ocean acidification research community across the globe, PROMOTING RESEARCH, DEVELOPING providing access to training, tools, resources and opportunities for re- SCIENTIFIC APPROACH AND INNOVATION gional and international networking Promoting research, enhancing scientific knowledge and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting

© Franck GAZZOLA GAZZOLA © Franck and collaboration. © Peter Swarzenski, IAEA Monaco Swarzenski, © Peter

Budget: OBJECTIVES RESULTS & IMPACTS limate change is ocean change. As a common framework to ensure that ocean science About 500 k € / year result, ocean science is an integral part can fully support countries’ actions to conserve and The OA-ICC overall objective is to Most broadly, since its inception of addressing the adverse impacts of sustainably use the ocean. There is a need to conduct promote international collaboration on the OA-ICC and its partners have climate change, the loss of marine life oceanography differently to meet the societal needs Funding sources: ocean acidification, while building and reached more than 700 scientists Cand the degradation of marine and coastal habitats, identified for the Decade (i.e., a clean, healthy and Public enhancing global capacity to address this stemming from more than 100 by delivering timely information about the state of resilient, sustainably harvested, safe, predicted and issue. Its priorities are to promote and Member State countries through coordinate science, capacity building capacity building, communication the ocean. Effective ocean action requires sound transparent ocean) and get “The Ocean we Need Scale: knowledge and the latest available science to ensure a for the Future we Want”22. The UN Decade is an (and technology transfer) and commu- and science activities . Global nication related to ocean acidification. sustainable future21. opportunity to empower decision-makers and boost The target audience extends from capacities, building momentum for the accumulation MITIGATION & Geographical location: ocean scientists to policy makers, and Ocean science has made great progress over the last and open-sharing knowledge to implement ocean- can include any group or individuals ADAPTATION Global century in exploring, describing, understanding and based solutions to climate change and biodiversity interested in ocean acidification and • Contribute to preserving the ocean’s enhancing our ability to predict changes in the ocean loss. The Decade will strengthen the international Ocean Change. ability to take in 25-30% of the at- system, as well as to define interconnected pathways cooperation needed to develop the scientific research Partner(s): mospheric CO2; for sustainable development. Innovative technologies and innovative technologies to better connect people Multiple partners including MAIN ACTIVITIES • Develop blue carbon as a climate have widely contributed to this progress, as data and the ocean. IOC-UNESCO mitigation strategy. collection from ocean monitoring and observing The IAEA’s OA-ICC organizes training systems has allowed scientists to observe modifications This second section outlines initiatives that promote courses for its Member States and of ocean properties. Ocean monitoring and observation research and innovation, therefore developing Project duration: provides access to data and resources are essential to bridging remaining knowledge gaps and new scientific approaches and enhancing scientific Since 2012 to advance ocean acidification research. WHAT MAKES supporting evidence-based decisions. knowledge. These initiatives contribute to providing The Centre promotes the development IT INNOVATIVE ocean science, data and information. of data portals, standardized methodo- logy and best practices - compiling and The OA-ICC is a world renown Moreover, new scientific approaches, such as SDG centralizing information. The OA-ICC international project that has participatory sciences, are now flourishing, while new 21 works to raise awareness of the issue attracted sizable and sus- indicators are also emerging. For instance, public IOC-UNESCO. (2017). Proposal for an International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). available among various stakeholders and inform tained funding and has crea- participation in ocean data collection has contributed to at: https://es.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ioc_gatefold_10years_ MITIGATION & ADAPTATION about the role that nuclear and isotopic tively found ways to engage acquiring more data for example on sea-level evolution, singlepanels_web.pdf techniques can play in assessing its and bring together partners marine litter, whale tracking and water quality. impacts. To achieve these objectives, the from around the world on all 22IOC-UNESCO. (2017). Proposal for an International Decade of OA-ICC works with many international aspects of ocean acidification Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). available In that regard, the UN Decade of Ocean Science for at: https://es.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ioc_gatefold_10years_ partners and supports global and regional and Ocean Change. Sustainable Development (2021-2030) provides a singlepanels_web.pdf ocean acidification networks. 26 27 DEEP OCEAN STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE (DOSI) Building Climate Change into UNDER THE POLE Management of the Deep Sea DEEPHOPE RESULTS & IMPACTS oral reefs are in immediate his project examines the deep- With the constitution of the largest sea manifestation and impacts danger and their biodiversity is threatened. Compared to collection of mesophotic corals in the Tof climate change and how this C world, discovery of coral species and might guide biodiversity conservation shallow reefs, the Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs), below 30m genera never reported for French and environmental management of the Polynesia, study of coral biological deep ocean under increasing direct and characterized by the presence of light-dependent corals, remain limit, and finding of high diversity of human disturbance from resource upper mesophotic areas, DEEPHOPE extraction. This includes the use of a mystery. DEEPHOPE focused on

Crédit photo enables a new vision for the functioning climate science and earth system French Polynesian MCEs between 0 and 172m in depth. The objectives were and preservation of coral reef. A paper climate projections, coupled circula- was published in ISME on the discovery tion-connectivity models and habitat to characterize MCEs (abundance and diversity), understand adaptation and of the deepest photosynthetic coral suitability modeling to inform deep-sea in the world at 172m (Rouzé H et al. strategic planning, impact assessment acclimatization process of corals with Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction 2021), as well as 1 paper submitted and monitoring, protected area design, OBJECTIVES depth, and whether deep corals act OBJECTIVES (BBNJ) treaty text; (4) Scientific Policy as a refuge and source of larvae for (bleaching with depth), 30 articles and application of the precautionary The goal is to (1) understand how climate briefs for the International Seabed Au- shallow reefs. The DEEPHOPE program is addressing in newspapers, 15 web-doc., 1 approach. change will affect the functioning and thority and BBNJ treaty; (5) Interventions and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting several critical scientific goals relevant international documentaries (81 M. and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting resilience of deep-sea ecosystems tar- and side events for BBNJ, International to MCEs: (1) Identify MCEs in French spectators), 50 international events. Budget: Budget: geted for resource extraction (mining, Seabed Authority and UNFCCC (COP Polynesia and unravel their unknown 1500 children were sensitized in Approximately 2 M € 30,000 USD fishing, oil and gas) and (2) to use this 25, Ocean Dialogue) – uptake of climate coral diversity and abundance; (2) Polynesia and Brittany. understanding of climate impact to issues in draft treaty text and seabed Evaluate the contribution of MCEs Funding sources: inform management so as to maintain mining regulations; (6) FAO technical Funding sources: to the replenishment of threatened the provision of ecosystem services and ADAPTATION Philanthropic report on deep sea habitats, fish and Public and private coral populations in shallow reefs; promote sustainability of the deep ocean. fisheries; (7) Peer reviewed publication (3) Understand the role of the • Increase the knowledge required to microbiome in the colonization in Global Change Biology. Scale: mitigate and build resilience to the Scale: capacity of corals in the mesophotic MAIN ACTIVITIES Regional effects of climate change in the Pacific Global zone; (4) get new insights into the coral MITIGATION & Islands through scientific research, (1) Modeling to address projected adaptation and/or acclimatization to communication and awareness-raising; change in environment, connectivity ADAPTATION Geographical location: deep environments; and (5) develop Geographical location: • Improve preservation and conservation and habitat suitability at the seafloor French Polynesia : innovation and raise awareness at International deep • Significantly enhance our understan- actions by providing new knowledge in regions targeted for deep-seabed (11 islands) the service of better knowledge and sea/seabed ding of climatic impacts on deep-sea on areas of key conservation interests mining; (2) Workshop bringing together conservation of the ocean. ecosystems; and/or of high resilience, e.g. changing climate modelers, deep-sea biologists, Leading partner(s): the vision of coral reefs from a 2D to a Leading partner(s): resource and policy experts, to pre- • Manage the deep sea for climate MAIN ACTIVITIES CRIOBE and CNRS 3D view by integrating depth. Tetiaroa Society pare policy briefs and peer-reviewed resilience by protecting the carbon publication; (3) UN Engagement (side services it provides; Main activities include: Expeditions events, interventions, briefs, text critique) Other partner organisation(s): performed by a collaboration between Other partner organisation(s): with UNFCCC, International Seabed IRD, IAEA, Labex Corail, Observa- UNDER THE POLE and scientists to WHAT MAKES Deep Ocean Observing WHAT MAKES Authority, Biodiversity Beyond National toire Océanologique de Banyuls discover Polynesian MCEs; More Strategy, FAO Deep seas IT INNOVATIVE Jurisdiction, UN Ocean Conference; (4) IT INNOVATIVE sur Mer, University of La Sorbonne, than 900 dives between 0 and 172m group “Scientifically, the DEEPHOPE Raised public awareness via (a) National This initiative brings climate Museum of Tropical Queensland, on 11 islands of the 5 Polynesian project will mark the history Academies Revelle Talk 2019 and (b) expertise to the world of California Academy of Sciences, archipelagos to discover and study of our understanding of coral Project duration: Online Course developed by DOSI deep-sea biology, international Pennsylvania State University mesophotic corals; Collection of reefs thanks to the intense 2017-2020 for Small Island Developing States in policy and resource manage- 6,029 samples of mesophotic corals, program of deep dives led the West Pacific. ment – necessary for ocean Project duration: including 1,813 samples between 30m by UNDER THE POLE. It sustainability. It raises concern 2018 –2021 and 172m, on 22 different sites; An will never be possible to about effects of resource ex- international scientific collaboration SDG RESULTS & IMPACTS talk about coral reefs again traction on biodiversity-based (France, US, Australia, etc.); Scientific without considering this life Impacts include: (1) Raised awareness carbon services in the deep SDG and wide public communications in the depths, which can form among policy makers; (2) Recognition sea – heightening growing on the program results; Raising- a lifeboat for shallow reefs.» of climate as a cumulative impact in ISA understanding of the biodiver- awareness in schools of French MITIGATION & ADAPTATION (Dr L. HÉDOUIN - CRIOBE/ environmental Guidance; (3) Incorpo- sity-climate nexus. ADAPTATION Polynesia and Brittany. ration of climate issues in brackets in CNRS) .

28 29 TARA OCEAN FOUNDATION & THE FRENCH FACILITY OCÉANOPOLIS FOR GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT (FFEM) Objectif Plancton Ocean Plankton, Climate and Development RESULTS & IMPACTS RESULTS & IMPACTS rgent actions are needed he participative-science pro- Oceanopolis started collecting the rele- 6 young researchers (Argentina, gramme Objectif Plancton is to bridge the knowledge vant data, as well as organizing events for gaps and enable data- Brazil, Chile, Senegal and Togo) have Tbased on the long-term monito- people to take part in sample gathering. U been included and trained to analyze ring of planktonic communities and on driven decision-making on marine The analysis of the Objectif Plancton biodiversity protection at the methodologies and new technologies a synoptic vision of their distribution data collected over the last two years on planktonic ecosystems. They have in coastal ecosystems. Set up by international level and also to is underway. Scientists are beginning to foster international cooperation on contributed to the publication of Océanopolis, this initiative involves evaluate possible correlations between major scientific articles. The results people from scientific research, civil marine biodiversity with developing environmental variables (e.g. currents, countries. The project therefore aims contributed to develop innovative tools society and scientific mediation. salinity, high nutrient concentrations) for better prediction of fish stocks and Understanding the mechanisms to strengthen the science-to-policy and high phytoplankton biomasses, or interface and to foster scientific OBJECTIVES identification of high biological important that control the dynamics of coastal the presence of particular species. As areas in the high seas. The project also planktonic biodiversity is essential capacities of Southern countries for the diversity of planktonic species, on the ocean and climate linkages, The project includes: (1) setting up developed new research networks with for predicting and anticipating the they were able to begin to inventory an international training program Chile, Brazil and Senegal, and provided responses of these communities to OBJECTIVES in the framework of regional and them and determine which ones pre- international negotiations on climate, on planktonic ecosystem which recommendations on technological global changes, and also the impacts dominate in each of the 3 study sites. integrates young researchers and advances, genetic resources, importance on ecosystem services. The aim of Objectif Plancton is to biodiversity and the High Seas. understand the mechanisms underlying and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting structures new partnerships with of science for governance, capacity and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting the small-scale spatial variability of MITIGATION & developing countries; (2) developing building, and sharing knowledge with Budget: Budget: coastal plankton communities, i.e. why ADAPTATION new models and indicators for a better developing countries. 300 000€ one species and not another is present 8 600k € understanding of this ecosystem, • Better understand the various at a certain place and time of the year. including the planktonic organisms, MITIGATION & disturbances (natural and Funding sources: The scientific objectives are to obtain a aiming to generate better predictions ADAPTATION anthropogenic) which can lead to the Funding sources: Private synoptic view, long-term monitoring and of climate change impacts and erosion of biodiversity in order to be Public • Provide the best high-level science temporal variability of the planktonic sustainable management of resources; able to act to mitigate the pressures; on plankton ecosystem functioning and community in coastal areas, and to and (3) sharing knowledge on the Scale: Scale: services, for consideration of marine monitor fish larvae and their relationship • Better understand the consequences richness and fragility of this ecosystem Local Global microorganisms climate regulation role with plankton composition. To achieve of this erosion on the functioning of for greater consideration into the in international negotiations; these objectives, the participation of marine ecosystems and the services ocean’s governance mechanisms, they provide to society; particularly the negotiating process • Enhance scientific knowledge to Geographical location: non-scientific citizens (boaters, fisher- Geographical location: • Conduct long-term observation to on marine biodiversity in areas beyond contribute to mitigation and adaptation Brittany, France men, etc.) is essential, as they are the Multi-countries – Africa, detect changes related to anthropogenic national jurisdiction. strategies, especially for developing ones who collect at sea the samples Pacific, South America necessary for the study. disturbances such as nutrient inputs, countries; Partner(s): climate change or fishing pressure. MAIN ACTIVITIES • Provide ocean governance Concarneau Marine Biology Partner(s): recommendations to developing MAIN ACTIVITIES Station (MNHN), European French Ministry of Ecological The Ocean Plankton, Climate and countries in order for them to defend Institute for Marine Studies Transition Development project consists of best policies at the international level. (UBO) and IFREMER The scientific activities ofObjectif WHAT MAKES scientific studies (e.g. initiating Plancton focus on the diversity and the development of new models dynamics of planktonic communities IT INNOVATIVE Project duration: Project duration: and indicators, and observing the on a spatial, seasonal and multi-annual Objectif Plancton is unique! 2016-2021 WHAT MAKES 2019-2023 functions, vulnerabilities, adaptation basis, as well as on the functioning To our knowledge, there is and acclimatization of planktonic IT INNOVATIVE of biogeochemical cycles in coastal no series of observations ecosystems), capacity-building (e.g. The project is based on the ecosystems. The data are collected and process studies that SDG integration of young researchers SDG latest technological advances by sea users, who take samples simul- simultaneously address the into the Tara Oceans consortium), (genomic sequencing, imaging) taneously at different locations in the issue of small-scale spatial governance (e.g. organization and goes beyond fundamental same ecosystem, three times a year. variability and temporal of science-to-policy workshops research to make it operational Objectif Plancton is deployed on three MITIGATION & ADAPTATION MITIGATION & ADAPTATION dimension (infra-annual and during international ocean-related and have a global impact on coastal sites: the bays of Brest, Lorient multi-annual). The aim is to conferences, publications of policy international debates related and Concarneau. This programme is predict changes in coastal briefs based on the Tara Oceans to climate change and high also an eco-citizen initiative, based on ecosystems that feed an results) and awareness-raising seas protection. It also makes scientific research and supported by economy linked to tourism, activities (e.g. communication material the connection between the a mediation approach. It contributes aquaculture or fishing. on the importance of planktonic science and the development to creating new links between science ecosystems). issues of Southern countries. and society. 30 31 1.618 PROGRAMME ESPRIT DE VELOX OCÉAN POLAIRE Esprit de Velox Polar Pod de Velox (wind-based propulsion, CO2- sprit de Velox is a new generation free island grid, recyclable composite he Southern Ocean is the positive-impact exploration structure) is underway. The team has largest ocean data gap at and innovation vessel. Its on- been working to let the ship sail the the global scale, due to the E Ocean in 2024, for its maiden voyage T board transdisciplinary laboratories remoteness of the area and its inhe- strengthen ocean science through a around North Atlantic. Esprit de Velox rent energetic environment. Major holistic understanding of the ocean has also been designing its scientific player in the climate and biodiversity within the Earth biosphere. Sailing programme: Destination Ocean reserve, the Southern Ocean requires from polar to tropical zones and (Objectif Océan). It will be developed our full attention. Accordingly the

OBJECTIVES Crédit photo coasts to open seas, it will embark and enriched on the long-term (on a international scientific community a new international and responsible Esprit de Velox offers high contribution 40-year period) and in the context called for in situ measurements. research programme: Destination to the UN Decade of Ocean Science of the UN Decade of Ocean Science, To conduct on-site studies all year Ocean. Anticipating the oceanic with first-of-class high seas and margins on interdisciplinary, international, and round, Océan Polaire has designed metamorphoses through multiple sailing research vessel, transforming holistic bases. Its Scientific, Artistic and the POLAR POD, a revolutionary © D Facto human and non-human perspectives, maritime transport paradigm in the Technical Board: The Esprit de Velox manned floating laboratory that can Destination Ocean opens up an meantime. Esprit de Velox is Destination Society, is expected to be completed withstand the unique and severe OBJECTIVES the construction, and funds were “oceanethology” era. Ocean programme’s flagship, promoting by the end of 2021. on-site conditions. raised to finance the 2023-2026

Promoting research, enhancing scientific knowledge and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting The POLAR POD is inspired by FLIP, and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting sustainable living with the Ocean. expedition. The construction will the US oceanographic platform, still It contributes to understand and start early 2022. Budget: MITIGATION & Budget: active after 60 years in the service communicate the Ocean’s key role 102 million €: 2021-2024 ADAPTATION 45 M€ of research. On the same principle, in the climate system and its fragility, MITIGATION the POLAR POD will be towed find alternative energy balance, • Carry out research from high seas to horizontally to the study area and tilted • Provide scientific knowledge and Funding sources: promote biodiversity knowledge and the shore (explore, monitor, understand Funding sources: vertically by filling seawater ballast data (i.e. 3 years measurements, all Industrial investments, preservation, human health and social ecosystems); Public and private tanks. Driven by the circumpolar year long) of the carbon sinks to private and public support equity. Destination Ocean will lead open • Welcome stakeholders on board current, like a satellite around improve climate efficiency in the research campaigns with worldwide to interact, promote and defend Scale: Antarctica, POLAR POD will allow Southern Ocean; scientists, innovators, and artists, under the Ocean through socio-ecological Global the acquisition of data and long-term • Provide scientific information on Scale: the UNESCO flag. sustainable solutions; observations that will be transmitted the marine life census to support the Global • Foster new partnerships among Geographical location: to researchers, oceanographers, Convention on the Conservation of MAIN ACTIVITIES ocean scientists from all disciplines, Southern Ocean climatologists, biologists. This Antarctic Marine Living Resources to favour discoveries about the ocean’s Geographical location: expedition will animate in real time a (CCAMLR) in managing the krill Destination Ocean emerges within a role in climate regulation and margins All over the ocean large international educational project quotas. new, polymorphic map of ocean life, processes; Partner(s): on the Life Sciences of the Earth and on which a whole generation has been • Encourage cooperation between 43 scientific institutions the Environment in collaboration with Partner(s): working. It will involve a multidisciplinary ocean science and energy/industry from 12 countries the IUCN. None community through regular maritime transition. WHAT MAKES missions over the 2025-2050 period, IT INNOVATIVE enabling cross-collaboration between Project duration: MAIN ACTIVITIES 2010-2026 Project duration: disciplines toward a holistic view WHAT MAKES The architecture of POLAR The Polar Pod is a research vessel that 2014 - 2054 of the Ocean. Embodying zero- IT INNOVATIVE POD is a new state-of-the-art impact maritime transport, its vessel will help monitor and study: air-sea ecological floating laboratory Esprit de Velox embarks will provide combined and clean SDG exchange, census of marine live by that can withstand the unique responsible research all over environmental data. The embarked acoustic, wave dynamics, eddies of and extreme conditions of the the Ocean on a positive-impact SDG research work is expected to support the current, impacts of acidification Southern Ocean. Polar POD vessel that embodies a discrete coastal communities to adapt to climate on plankton, microplastics, ocean is certified by Bureau Veritas exploration. The Destination MITIGATION change, designing solutions to ocean- floor noise, satellite measures of and by the Central Security Ocean research programme related risks. Large mediation campaigns the ocean, etc. It will make 2 “world Commission of Merchant promotes a systemic unders- MITIGATION & ADAPTATION will focus on the meantime to raise tour” between 50° and 55°S within Marine. Drifting along the tanding of the Earth biosphere, awareness among the public. approximately 3 years. Antarctic Circumpolar Current enhancing new collaborations and supplied by renewable between natural and social energy this platform is a “Zero RESULTS & IMPACTS sciences, arts and indigenous RESULTS & IMPACTS Emission“ vessel. knowledge. The design of Research Vessel Esprit The POLAR POD is designed, the French State has agreed to finance 32 33 HYDROGRAPHIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC MERCATOR OCEAN INTERNATIONAL SERVICE OF THE FRENCH NAVY (SHOM) EU Copernicus Marine Service Implemented by Copernicus Homonim: Observation and Modelling of Sea-Levels Ocean Reporting Marine Service society, economy and into policy or he Homonim projects he Copernicus Marine Service legal commitments such as the 2030 broadcasts, monitors and ocean reporting (CMEMS) led Agenda or the European Green Deal Tmodels ocean levels, with the Tby Mercator Ocean Interna- (covering key-areas such as Climate aims to better anticipate coastal tional, in collaboration with more and Environment). risks of storm tides and surges. It than 150 European science experts provides geographic information and delivers a yearly reporting of ocean RESULTS & IMPACTS data on marine and coastal areas to state, variability and change to a wide improve watch and warning systems. audience in three instruments: 1. the CMEMS ocean reporting leverages peer-reviewed annual Ocean State CMEMS operational services and scientific credibility by addressing and Budget: Report (OSR) published in the Jour- nal of Operational Oceanography, 2. responding to policy issues. Mobilizing 10 200 k€ Ocean Monitoring Indicators (OMIs) a community of scientists around published on CMEMS portal providing Europe to support the dissemination © Shom / Yannick Lenouvel / Yannick © Shom Funding sources: updated global and regional numerical of a unique ocean science-based Public values and synthesized information 3. report is also a precious outcome. OBJECTIVES coast, improved results accuracy a summary for policy makers. Thanks to its peer-review process,

(-13.8% reduction of the mean error and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting OBJECTIVES the Ocean State Report is used for and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting The priorities of the Homonim project Scale: on storm surge peak height) while international assessments. To name a are: (1) to develop and continuously The CMEMS OSR brings together Subregional maintaining operational skills; (3) Budget: few : IPCC and World Meteorological improve capabilities of surge and science-driven studies in the form the full overhaul of the french N/A Organization Statement of the Climate wave models down to local scales; of peer-reviewed publications domestic operational forecasting linking to UNFCCC, SDG 14 indicators Geographical location: (2) to supply Météo-France with compiled into an annual report. capabilities for surge and coastal wave for Eurostat, Developments for the France (including modeling chains suitable for the The Ocean Monitoring Indicators (sub-kilometric to 100m resolution Funding sources: European Environment Agency, overseas territories) operational forecast of storm framework is a complementary layer alongshore); (4) the implementation Public Support to the Marine Strategy surges and waves and for early- of coordination higher up in the value of similar operational capacity on Framework Directive. warning system implementation; chain to establish a dialogue from Partner(s): overseas territories; (5) the setup of Scale: and (3) to make available up-to-date science to policy and decision making, an operational surge forecast chain. Global Météo-France and the Mi- information for stakeholders involved foster advancements in science MITIGATION & nistry of the Environment’s through concerted collaborations, in anticipation and crisis management ADAPTATION ADAPTATION General Directorate for Risk and the for general public. and communicate science-based Geographical location: • Provide scientific information on Prevention • Better predict and anticipate natural ocean information to a wide audience. Europe the ocean’s health (e.g. temperature, hazards to reduce coastal risks; The summary for policy makers is MAIN ACTIVITIES established to provide a synthesized salinity, currents, water mass, heat Project duration: • Provide geographic information and and sound regular status of major exchange, climate variability, sea- 2012 – 2024 data on marine and coastal areas to Partner(s): The main activities conducted under ocean change, inform on new science level, sea ice) to inform policies and improve warning systems. More than 30 European this project cover: the development advances and increase awareness on decision-makers. Institutions of hydrodynamic models; studies the critical role of the ocean. SDG on parameterization and physical model validation; the development Project duration: MAIN ACTIVITIES of regional and embedded Since 2016 WHAT MAKES configurations of surge and coastal WHAT MAKES ADAPTATION IT INNOVATIVE wave models from regional to local IT INNOVATIVE CMEMS produces and shares state- of-the-art and reliable ocean data. CMEMS ocean reporting is a scales with current/wave coupling; Homonim adopts an and operational implementation. SDG This is a prerequisite. Creating a unique scientific instrument integrated approach from CMEMS ocean reporting consists providing updated ocean academic developments of 1. in coordinating the production expert information at an RESULTS & IMPACTS models (hydrodynamic and of the OSR, of its summary and of annual pace to a wide very high resolution digital Results include (1) the extension MITIGATION & ADAPTATION OMIs by collaborating with science audience from policy-makers terrain model) to operational experts using CMEMS Ocean Data, to citizens. CMEMS ocean of tide gauge network (+6 stations) implementation for real time with data supply to GLOSS IOC; (2) crossing boundaries of expertise for reporting both provides use in an early-warning system the blue, green and white ocean at state-of-the art science the improvement of the numerical for storm surge and storm tide schemes and bottom friction different space and time-scales; and evolution and innovation and (vigilance vagues-submersion 2. in ensuring to reply to the growing strengthens ocean literacy. parameterizations of the surge model operated by Météo-France). that doubled grid resolution on the need for marine information into

34 35 THE FRENCH NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (CNRS) FUTURE EARTH Blue Climate Initiative Ocean Knowledge Action Network (KAN) RESULTS & IMPACTS he Blue Climate Initiative is a he Ocean KAN is an international The Ocean KAN partnered in the orga- multi-year program engaging network of ocean practitioners nization of the Virtual Blue COP in 2019 Tinnovators, community lea- T(e.g. academics, stakeholders, and the Virtual Blue decade in 2020, ders, scientists, investors and global businesses, NGOs) with the vision and co-sponsored seminars on learning

experts to harness research and © Damocean of achieving a healthy, functional, networks. The development team par- innovation to accelerate ocean-re- understood and resilient ocean sup- ticipated in planning, commented on lated strategies to combat climate OBJECTIVES nous stewardship; (3) Making the high ported by an inclusive global knowledge drafts of the implementation plan of change while protecting the ocean. seas a marine protected area; (4) Change network providing information and The Blue Climate Initiative accelerates the UN Decade of Ocean Science, and In doing so, the Blue Climate Ini- in social norms: creating new narratives action for the benefit of current and helped institute the Early Career Ocean tiative is unlocking solutions on ocean-based strategies to address the and perspectives to foster and mobilize future human communities. climate crisis. Its biodiversity and na- Professionals network and participated urgent challenges like renewable ocean action; (5) Blue carbon ecosystem in international scientific meetings. It energy, sustainable food supplies, ture-based solutions program aims to finance; and (6) Financing coastal risk answer the following question: How Budget: guest edited a volume of Coastal Ma- improved human health, flourishing reduction. The Initiative also issued a OBJECTIVES nagement Journal focused on ocean biodiversity, stewardship of the can innovations in designing, implemen- Community-Award for Ocean-related Around 200k€/year ting and scaling nature-based solutions (2021-2024) The Ocean KAN brings transdisciplinary action, participated as editorsto the ocean’s resources, and vibrant ocean Climate Solutions which provides sup- Ocean Solutions section of Frontiers in economies. help to address climate change and port for science-based and community research and other knowledge into action

Promoting research, enhancing scientific knowledge and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting Marine Science and co-sponsored two and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting improve ecosystem health? The three led programs Funding sources: for ocean health and prosperity through main priorities are: (1) A healthy and National Center for Ecological Analysis Public and private networked approaches in support of Budget: restored climate; (2) An understood achieving global goals for both human and Synthesis working groups. N/A and protected ocean; and (3) Resilient, MITIGATION & well-being and environmental sustainabi- Scale: thriving and equitable communities. In ADAPTATION lity. Its main objectives are to: (1) facilitate MITIGATION & identifying solutions, the Blue Climate Global collaboration among international ma- Funding sources: • Identify transformational opportunities ADAPTATION Initiative pairs scientific research with to enable marine biodiversity conserva- rine entities; (2) support strategic and Public and private bottom-up, community-driven strategies • Bring networked knowledge to ac- tion initiatives and nature-based solutions Geographical location: inclusive stakeholder engagement; (3) for ocean innovation. support the development of existing and tion and solutions to address the most to help address climate change and Based in Paris, France pressing problems for the ocean and Scale: increase ecosystem health; novel communication and networking Global tools to inform evidence-based decision communities that rely on it, including MAIN ACTIVITIES • Promote contextual opportunities that making; (4) support partners in adopting climate change; enable co-benefits for communities; Partner(s): The Blue Climate Initiative’s biodiversity and implementing management and Scientific Committee on • Connect networks and develop Geographical location: and nature-based solutions program • Promote opportunities that reflect policy actions that lead to improved Oceanic Research (SCOR), partnerships to support mitigation and Global identifies transformational opportunities local values and that are co-produced ecosystem health and human health, Intergovernmental Oceano- adaptation strategies. that could enable marine nature-based with local stakeholders; safety, and welfare. graphic Commission of solutions to be deployed at a scale that • Encourage the embedding of justice Leading partner(s): UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO), would make a substantive contribution to in the identification and implementation World Climate Research MAIN ACTIVITIES Tetiaroa Society climate change mitigation and adaptation. of opportunities. WHAT MAKES Programme (WCRP) The opportunities may be in identifying The Ocean KAN is supporting solu- IT INNOVATIVE new types of nature-based solutions, Other partner organisation(s): tions-oriented research, engagement but particularly may be in creating new The Ocean KAN can rely on 6 partners including The WHAT MAKES Project duration: with stakeholders from diverse sectors mechanisms that facilitate the scaling Future Earth’s community, and Nature Conservancy 2017-2024 and regions, working with the strong of solutions from local to regional or IT INNOVATIVE support from global projects fundamental research and innovative global. The Initiative’s activities include like the Scientific Committee The Blue Climate Initiative agendas of international marine projects Project duration: strengthening policy, education and on Oceanic Research, Inter- brings together a diverse com- in and beyond Future Earth. Future Earth 2020-2024 outreach, scientific research, financing SDG governmental Oceanographic munity of stakeholders to iden- facilitates transdisciplinary research that and capacity-building. tify promising ocean-related Commission of UNESCO can be used by policy-makers, businesses and World Climate Research transformational opportunities and communities to achieve sustainable and to implement selected Programme to produce new SDG RESULTS & IMPACTS MITIGATION & ADAPTATION interactions of humans with the ocean at inter- and transdisciplinary opportunities.The Initiative will large. It works to build scientific capacity The nature-based opportunities identi- knowledge and to transfer hold a Blue Climate Summit in to empower researchers and societal fied to date and reflected in a broadly science into action. It convenes 2022 in the heart of the Pacific, partners worldwide to assess the state disseminated publication include: (1) people globally, from all scien- bringing together 300+ key of the oceanic and coastal domains MITIGATION & ADAPTATION Leveraging the data revolution to build tific fields, as well as stakehol- stakeholders to take action and improve their management and resilient reefs in the face of increasing ders and ocean practitioners. and help turn the dial. governance. climate change; (2) Supporting Indige-

36 37 FRENCH NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCEAN SCIENCE (IFREMER) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (IRD) Fifty years of ecological changes: Regime shifts and drivers SOOT-SEA: Impact of Black Carbon in South East Asia in a coastal Mediterranean lagoon during oligotrophication RESULTS & IMPACTS lack carbon is the product of The project developed optical sensors he project is a 5-decade study incomplete combustion of technology for marine and atmospheric explaining the oligotrophication fossil fuels, biofuels, biomass B black carbon, and produced 8 scientific Ttrajectory of Thau lagoon, a and waste, largely contributes to fine publications: High black carbon concen- Mediterranean coastal lagoon which particle air pollution and is a major trations in South East Asia’s coastal supports traditional shellfish farming contributor to climate change. An waters; Atmospheric and fluvial fluxes activities. The study aims to determine underrated impact of black carbon controlled by the monsoon regime; how the decrease in nutrient inputs is related to its introduction in the resulted in major ecological changes in

Modifies aggregation processes andCrédit photo Crédit photo ocean. The global flux of black carbon the fate of marine aggregates; Alters the the lagoon, by analysing five decades of to the ocean is massive (2 to 10-fold structure and activity of phytoplankton time-series of observations on pelagic higher than plastic waste inputs). Crédit photo and bacterial communities; Modifies and benthic autotrophic communities. The program aims at improving black export and recycling capacities of the carbon emission inventories in South OBJECTIVES surface ocean. The project also raised East Asia, at determining fluxes to Budget:

awareness through organizing an exhi- Dupuy de la© Renaud Grandrive the ocean and at understanding how The overall goal is to employ a multi-sec- N/A bition “Black Carbon: The dark side of black carbon impacts marine systems. toral approach in building the evidence

human activity”, and a side-event at the and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting and innovation knowledge research, enhancing scientific Promoting base and enhancing capacity of decision OBJECTIVES for shellfish farming; (2) A eutrophic 8th Asia-Pacific Forum on Sustainable Funding sources: makers in the development of targeted period, a transition phase and a regime Budget: Development. Public The study aims to determine how the regulations to reduce the emissions of shift characterised recovery; (3) The 120 k€ decrease in nutrient inputs resulted black carbon and mitigate its impacts on main triggers of summer anoxia were in major ecological changes in Thau climate, health and marine ecosystems. MITIGATION Scale: air temperature and eutrophication lagoon, by analysing five decades of Funding sources: Core objectives include: (1) Structure Local status; and (4) Oligotrophication has • Elevate the black carbon issue into time-series (1970–2018) of observations the development of research on black made the ecosystem more resistant Public policy and decision-making agenda; on pelagic and benthic autotrophic carbon, produce science-based evi- to the threat of heat waves. • Raise awareness on the complexities communities. Ifremer hypothesises dence; (2) Inform the general public and Geographical location: Scale: and impacts of the black carbon issues; that the process of oligotrophication accompany decision makers to translate Thau lagoon, Subregional • Foster productive dialogue between has led to ecosystem regime shifts and MITIGATION & evidence into effective regulations, Occitanie region, France scientists, policy makers, individuals and to changes in the drivers of summer ADAPTATION measures and appropriate behaviors communities; anoxia, making the ecosystem more Geographical location: for black carbon emissions control; (3) • Better understand the impacts of • Encourage actions for reducing black Partner(s): resistant to climatic stress caused by oligotrophication on coastal wetlands; South East Asia Support skill development to strengthen carbon emissions, and co-emitted climate MARBEC Laboratory (Mont- high summer temperatures. national capacity to run and lead the • Better understand how wastewater and health pollutants; pellier University) and French evidence production. public policies impact marine Partner(s): • Inform the establishment of an ade- National Research Institute MAIN ACTIVITIES ecosystems; 46 partners including the for Sustainable Development MAIN ACTIVITIES quate legislative environment for black French National Centre for carbon emissions control. (IRD) Ifremer studied and observed the • Demonstrate how changes induced Scientific Research (CNRS) pelagic (nutrients and phytoplankton in the marine ecosystems can make Main activities include: (1) Monitoring in the water column) and benthic them more resilient to climatic stress. concentrations, chemical characteristics Project duration: (macrophytes and sediment) Project duration: and fluxes of black carbon in South East WHAT MAKES 2017-2020 compartments. Considering anoxia 2018-2025 Asia’s deltas to determine loads to the IT INNOVATIVE crises as indicators of ecosystem ocean; (2) Determination of how black WHAT MAKES resilience and resistance, Ifremer IT INNOVATIVE carbon interacts with biological-chemi- Despite massive fluxes to the analysed biological and meteorological cal-physical marine processes via expe- ocean, black carbon-induced SDG SDG data, eutrophication status and shellfish The use of extensive datasets rimental approaches using reference alteration of several biogeo- production to identify the triggers of collected between 1970 and and naturally occurring black carbon; chemical marine processes summer anoxia over the 49-year period. 2018 makes it possible to (3) Scientific results (8 publications); (4) and very long lifetime of black effectively assess and evaluate Outreach of the evidence, actionable carbon in the ocean, SOOT- MITIGATION & ADAPTATION MITIGATION RESULTS & IMPACTS the effects of public policies. policy guidance and raising awareness SEA is the first initiative linking Ifremer highlights how the for policy makers, individuals and com- fine particle air pollution with The study highlights that: (1) The improvements of wastewater munities; (5) Training and empowerment marine processes and the decrease in nutrient inputs led treatment systems gradually activities for local actors. consequences on marine re- to major ecological changes in the led to oligotrophication of the sources, biogeochemistry and pelagic & benthic communities of a Thau lagoon. ocean-climate interactions. Mediterranean coastal lagoon used

38 39 OCEAN CONSERVANCY Shores Forward increase engagement and competency hores Forward is an Ocean in issues affecting marine wildlife, Conservancy initiative partne- climate change, and water quality. Sring with local government leaders to protect Florida’s ocean RESULTS & IMPACTS and coasts. Through this partnership, Ocean Conservancy supports cities’ Working with 3 municipal and county environmental sustainability efforts governments, impacting over 1.5 through expert consulting, engaging million residents; Funded 3 years of with technical and community-led environmental education curricula, networks, and securing funding for reaching over 1000 students per projects. This includes working on year; Hosted expert talks for design carbon mitigation plans, promoting professionals to promote low-impact water and energy efficiency, education development practices; thousands of ENHANCING THE TRANSITION TOWARDS and awareness, installing renewable attendees with potential reach of over energy infrastructure, and more. 5 million; Funded a study in the Miami LOW-CARBON AND RESILIENT SOCIETIES River to assess marine debris and OBJECTIVES pollution, with the end goal of driving and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing Budget: legislative action that increases circular 250,000 USD By empowering local government materials management, protects atricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary of the and many ocean-based industries have the potential leaders to improve their cities’ marine wildlife and improves water environmental sustainability, Ocean UNFCCC, recalled at the 2020 Race-to-Zero to outperform the growth of the global economy Funding sources: quality; Worked with partners and Conservancy aims to create a wave Dialogue that “it is very clear by now that the in terms of additional value and employment. If local youth to complete a plastic-use N/A of momentum at the municipal level deep transformations we need in the world compared to the world’s top 10 economies, the ocean survey of local businesses in Miami that will affect change and inspire Beach. Pcannot be delivered by governments alone” and would rank seventh with an annual value of goods and Scale: ocean-climate action at not just the that they “require everyone on board23.” It is more services of US$2.5 trillion25. Protecting and restoring Local local level in Florida, but at the state MITIGATION & important than ever to reaffirm global ambition to coastal and marine ecosystems is therefore crucial and federal level as well. The main tackle the climate crisis, and to together embark to secure these socio-economic services, which is priorities for Shores Forward are: ADAPTATION on a race to zero emissions. Civil society actors particularly relevant in the context of building back Geographical location: (1) Improve water quality for Florida • Build momentum for the protec- must continue to join forces, sending governments better after the COVID-19 pandemic. Florida, USA residents; (2) Prepare for impacts tion of seagrass beds and mangrove a resounding signal that businesses, NGOs, cities, of sea level rise on natural and built forests; regions and investors are united in shifting to a This third section showcases a wide range of Partner(s): coastal environments; (3) Reduce • Work with local governments to impacts of built environment on decarbonized economy that is more respectful of initiatives that contribute to reducing human None conserve coastal and marine envi- natural systems; and (4) Reduce carbon ronments; Nature. pressures on coastal and marine ecosystems while footprint in partner cities. achieving the decarbonization of societies and • Assist local governments in imple- Project duration: These actors play a key role in developing solutions to territories. Such initiatives play a central role in menting low-impact development Since 2019 MAIN ACTIVITIES ensure the implementation of sustainable practices in enhancing resilience for people and nature. practices; all ocean-based industries that impact the ocean and Ocean Conservancy works with local coasts (i.e. shipping industry, fisheries, ocean energy, governments, as well as other external 23UNFCCC (2020). UN Race to Zero Dialogues Finale Calls for partners, on the following types of WHAT MAKES coastal tourism). Such practices mainly aim to reduce SDG Newfound Inclusivity. UN Climate Press Release, available at: activities: Funding studies on the IT INNOVATIVE GHG emissions from ocean-based industries, as https://unfccc.int/news/un-race-to-zero-dialogues-finale-calls- lifecycle of plastic and other waste Shores Forward is unique in well as put an end to the overexploitation of marine for-newfound-inclusivity found in urban waterways to inform its overall approach of aiming resources and to implement ocean-based solutions policies that can improve circularity, 24 to affect change at the state to transition towards decarbonized societies. This The High-Level Panel For a Sustainable Economy (2020) MITIGATION & ADAPTATION protect marine wildlife, and improve Transformations for a Sustainable Ocean Economy: A Vision government level by inspiring help the ocean to maintain its ability to generate water quality; Organizing and funding for Protection, Production and Prosperity. available at: https:// authentic and outcomes-driven citizen science and monitoring projects blue growth, boosting the blue economy by providing oceanpanel.org/ocean-action/transformations.html support from local government that will reduce single-use plastic jobs and livelihoods for millions of people across the leaders for ocean conserva- 25 pollution and in turn protect marine world. WWF (2015). Ocean wealth valued at US$24 trillion, but tion, climate mitigation, sea wildlife and reduce businesses’ carbon sinking fast. The value of the ocean’s riches rivals the size of the level rise preparedness, and footprint; Funding grade-school In recent years, the ocean has indeed produced world’s leading economies. available at: https://wwf.panda.org/ sustainable growth. wwf_news/?244770/Ocean-wealth-valued-at-US24-trillion-but- 24 environmental education curricula to US$2.5 trillion in goods and services each year , sinking-fas 40 41 COMMUNAUTÉ D’AGGLOMÉRATION DE LA ROCHELLE NOUVELLE-AQUITAINE REGIONAL COUNCIL La Rochelle Territoire Zéro Carbone, Coastal and estuarine Blue Carbon axis marshes regional aid regulation

a Rochelle coastlines are par- he Nouvelle-Aquitaine region ticularly vulnerable to coastal faces coastal threats due to Lerosion and sea-level rise, two Tclimate change, including phenomenons triggered by climate sea-level rise, coastal erosion, sea change. To address these vulnera- submersion and changes in atmos- bilities, La Rochelle strives towards pheric variations. In this context, the carbon neutrality by 2040. To that end, Nouvelle- Aquitaine Regional Council La Rochelle aims to both reduce its is developing climate adaptation emissions (30% of reduction by 2030) strategies such as this regional aid and to capture and store CO2. This project. The project focuses on includes preserving coastal ecosystems local coastal and estuarine marshes, to maximize blue carbon sequestration and aims to make these wetland

in the urban community of La Rochelle. Combaud / Armelle © LIENSs ecosystems climate proof by acting with all relevant stakeholders. © Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine © Région Budget: OBJECTIVES (e.g. research centers, local

3,5 millions € authorities, reserve managers and and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing Budget: and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing The overall goal is to protect coastal local associations) and citizens. 450 000€/year OBJECTIVES MITIGATION & wetlands so that La Rochelle can The project will assess the carbon The aim of the project is to develop ADAPTATION Funding sources: increase its carbon storage capacities value of coastal wetlands locally, nature-based solutions to adapt Public and achieve carbon neutrality in long Funding sources: • Maintain and preserve coastal and enhanced scientific research to coastal risks. Priorities include term. The project will (1) recognize Public marshes; (e.g. funding research, collecting and avoiding marine submersion, restoring the value of wetlands; (2) sustainably • Promote economic, recreational Scale: analyzing data). fish stocks and managing coastal manage to preserve wetlands’ carbon Scale: and touristic activities with limited Local zones to both protect marshes and storage potential; and (3) promote impacts on coastal ecosystems; Local organise leisure activities. innovation to efficiently and artificially MITIGATION & • Optimize the role of coastal marshes Geographical location: store CO2 in the metropolitan area of ADAPTATION in the prevention of coastal risks, e.g. Geographical location: Urban community of La Rochelle (e.g. culture of microalgae • Develop solutions to increase MAIN ACTIVITIES submersion; on the facades and roofs of buildings). La Rochelle, France the carbon storage capacity of French Atlantic shorelines, The Nouvelle-Aquitaine region • Promote the sound governance of coastal ecosystems by restoring Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region, commits to protecting its coastlines water-level management. Leading partner(s): MAIN ACTIVITIES and preserving these ecosystems France and to adapting to coastal threats by Urban Community and Town La Rochelle assessed the carbon while taking into account the human (1) enhancing scientific knowledge of La Rochelle, University of storage potential of coastal wetlands activities and development of the city. Partner(s): on local species and landscapes; WHAT MAKES La Rochelle, Atlantec, Grand locally. It developed coastal The French Government, (2) improving coastal ecosystems IT INNOVATIVE management support tools, enhancing The Gironde Departement management (e.g. by developing the protection of the coastline and WHAT MAKES Council new partnerships); (3) adopt The Nouvelle-Aquitaine region Other partner organisation(s): raising awareness, mobilizing citizens IT INNOVATIVE environmental engineering practices; benefits from mitigation 12 academic partners and promoting ocean literacy around and (4) promote sustainable practices co-benefits, as it manages and Project duration: blue carbon. It also supported research The project considers the (e.g. water management, shell farming) protects blue carbon ecosys- and development to create artificial potential of negative CO2 2020-2024 and behavioral changes. tems. This aid system targets Project duration: carbon sinks in town. La Rochelle emissions of aquatic eco- the coastal and estuarine 2019-2026 supported other territories in their systems. It also promotes RESULTS & IMPACTS marshes and aims to support transition, sharing best practices the collaboration between integrated management SDG The Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region and experiences (replicability of the academic researchers and projects. It switches from a local authorities, bridging the established new strategies to adapt thematic approach of public SDG project around of blue carbon). science-policy gap. To achieve to coastal threats, while considering subsidies into an integrated carbon neutrality by 2040, human impacts and needs. This territorial, socio-ecosystem RESULTS & IMPACTS MITIGATION & ADAPTATION the project will integrate includes restoring and managing specific approach. MITIGATION & ADAPTATION The project raised awareness on different axes: mobility of ditches for economical use. The blue carbon issues (e.g. Climate & citizens, building, data, energy coastal and estuarine marshes aid Ocean exhibition at La Rochelle’s consumption, citizen participa- regulation was officially approved in Maritime Museum), and promoted tion, economy. November, 2020 and is still about to dialogue between key stakeholders bear more fruits.

42 43 INSTITUT FRANCE-QUÉBEC MARITIME (IFQM) CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL ARICO: Co-construction of Adaptation ADAPTO: Towards adaptative Scenarios to Coastal Risks of Maritime Territories coastal management RESULTS & IMPACTS n a context of climate change and dapto project, supported by Results vary from one site to the other. of concentration of human and built LIFE EU Program, explores In general, main achievements include: Istakes on the coasts, the risks of Asolutions to the impacts of developing decision-support tools, rai- coastal erosion and sea flooding are climate change on the French coasts sing awareness among school children, constantly increasing, both on the by advocating an adaptive coastal ma- analyzing users’ social perception, de- French and Quebec coasts. Interdis- nagement. Experimental approaches veloping an ecological quality indicator, ciplinary and partnership research are implemented on 10 pilot sites mapping coastal natural habitats and between scientists is required to by using a frame of reference and studying the projection of coastlines. overcome these challenges. This analyzing the context of each region Since the 10 pilot sites cover most of Franco-Quebec research project fo- Maritime Québec France Institut (risk management, landscape, eco- the European coastal environments (low cuses on the co-construction between nomy, social perception, etc.) and by and sandy Atlantic coasts, polderised researchers and societal actors of OBJECTIVES RESULTS & IMPACTS implementing tools (3D modelling, low Atlantic coasts, Mediterranean socio-ecological-economic scenarios landscape analysis, etc.), so to build barrier beaches, Mediterranean salt of adaptation to these risks. The overall goal of the project is to Despite the COVID-crisis delaying adaptation projects at territorial better understand and reinforce the work, two international and marshes, mangroves), it will be possible scale with local stakeholders (local OBJECTIVES to replicate the ADAPTO process and the adaptive capacity of coastal interdisciplinary workshops took authorities, managers, users).

Enhancing the transition towards sustainable societies and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing methods in other similar French or and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing Budget: populations and territories subject to place in October 2020 and March Adapto aims to (1) Provide a better foreign sites. 757 108 € coastal risks by co-constructing, with 2021, and PhD and master students Budget: understanding of the dynamic nature the stakeholders, scenarios for the started working on the project. 5 269 061€ of the coastline and the need to adaptation of these coastal territories The expected results are multiple. ADAPTATION Funding sources: adapt to it (2) Create methodologi- to climate change. One of the original In addition to the development of Public funding cal tools allowing to initiate, support • Build with local stakeholders various features of the project is to be based adaptation scenarios, several tools Funding sources: and assess nature-based adaptation scenarios integrating the impacts of on a triple exchange, (1) between two will be realized, including vulnerability Public and private solutions in coastal areas (3) Develop climate change on the coast (e.g. sea Scale: territories, France and Quebec, (2) indicators, digital data platforms, knowledge about these solutions and level rise and the increasing frequency Global between two disciplinary sectors, timelines and story maps, serious Scale: their acknowledgment at all levels (4) of extreme weather events); natural sciences and human and social games to be transferred to other sites. Global Define the role of natural environments • Implement the chosen solution sciences, (3) and between several in the organization of an effective land- Geographical location: fields of knowledge, (i.e. management on the field, ADAPTO will give de- MITIGATION & Geographical location: sea interface in relation to adaptation monstrative examples highlighting the Brittany region, France and professionals and inhabitants). to climate change and (5) Allow the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, ADAPTATION France interest and feasibility of an adaptative (including overseas territories) state of the art to progress through soft management of coastline facing Canada • Co-construct with field actors MAIN ACTIVITIES concrete actions in various environ- climate change issues. (professionals and residents) mental contexts representative of the The IFQM and its partners will address, adaptation scenarios for the coastal Leading partner(s): diversity of ecosystems and coastal Leading partner(s): in collaboration with the professionals territories and communities. BRGM areas in Europe. University of Brest (UBO) of coastal risk managements, three and University of Quebec interlocked levels of the problem: (1) WHAT MAKES at Rimouski understand the global vulnerability Other partner organisation(s): MAIN ACTIVITIES IT INNOVATIVE of coastal territories, through a WHAT MAKES EU Life Program, French Water Different kind of actions are planned: study of the underlying natural and Agencies, OFB, Total Foun- The 10 pilot sites are repre- Other partner organisation(s): IT INNOVATIVE (1) Experimentation of adaptative soft social dynamics; (2) analyse public dation, Fondation de France, sentative of the main issues 5 partners management process and methods policies, social dynamics and the An openness to methodologies ENSP, French MNHN, UNCPIE, of French coastline. ADAPTO on pilot sites: scientific and technical use of management tools on the two of other disciplines and sectors UBO, ULCO, EPHE, ULR offers an interdisciplinary studies and monitoring, meeting with territories (France and Quebec); (3) and increased collaboration approach (economic, socio eco- Project duration: local stakeholders for project designing characterize and analyse the adaptive are the basis of a resolutely logical, biodiversity…) through 2020-2023 Project duration: through scenarii, implementation works capacity and the resilience of coastal interdisciplinary and various tools to convince about 2017 - 2022 (renaturation, relocation, restoration); (2) communities in on-the-ground- intersectoral approach to our the interest of adaptative soft Pedagogy and communication: on-site workshops; and (4) co-construct of work. management and facilitate animations, educational actions towar- SDG socio-ecological-economic scenarios decision-making with local ds schoolchildren; (3) Capitalisation for the adaptation of coastal SDG stakeholders, for a shared vision and experience-sharing: national and territories and communities. of the future of a site. international workshops,fields visits in France or Europe, website and social MITIGATION & ADAPTATION ADAPTATION medias, newsletter, publications on pilot sites, etc. 44 45 SEA’TIES: Sharing solutions with coastal cities to tackle sea level rise

ADAPTING CITIES TO A COLLABORATIVE INITIATIVE ea’ties partners with a wide range of cities Beyond technical solutions, cooperation, dialogue CHANGING COASTLINES TO DESIGN SOLUTIONS TO and territories, and is therefore enriched and the mobilisation of all stakeholders – civil society, Sby a diversity of climatic, geographic, social, scientists, businesses and elected representatives, SEA-LEVEL RISE economic and political contexts. The initiative are essential to achieve appropriate and equitable he Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change primarily focuses on medium-sized cities. Indeed, adaptation to sea-level rise. (IPCC) Special Report on the Ocean and n response to this pressing challenge, the Ocean although they have fewer financial resources than Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, published T & Climate Platform launched Sea’ties. Rooted in megalopolises, medium-sized cities can be more • Through the development of a digital tool, the in 2019, states that if greenhouse gas emissions are science and aimed at elected representatives, flexible, which makes them a particularly fertile diversity of solutions already implemented across not drastically reduced, sea level could rise by more I administrators and all stakeholders involved, Sea’ties testing ground for the design and implementation the globe will be collected and promoted to inspire than a metre by 2100. Associated extreme weather is an international initiative with the objective to of adaptation solutions. Sea’ties will draw from decision-makers, planners and administrators to events could become more frequent and severe, and facilitate the development of public policies and the worldwide experiences and concrete returns of boost action. are projected to occur at least once a year compared implementation of adaptation solutions for coastal action to produce recommendations enabling to once a century historically. Worldwide, shoreline cities threatened by sea-level rise. The initiative will the implementation of two types of solutions, • Based on a multidisciplinary scientific approach, erosion and submersion, alongside other impacts compile and disseminate scientific knowledge as well intertwined and complementary: technical solutions, the latest research findings will be synthesized induced by sea level rise, are already occurring, as provide a forum for the exchange of information aiming at directly reducing risks (technologies and disseminated to highlight the main challenges posing critical threats to people, infrastructures, and experience, to foster the emergence of good such as defensive work, nature-based solutions, related to socio-economic governance and the economies and ecosystems. Adapting coastal cities practices. Its action is deployed in 5 regions: Europe, accommodation solutions and managed retreat), knowledge gaps in data production. and territories to these changes is paramount. North Africa, West Africa, the West Coast of the alongside solutions related to sharing knowledge United States and the Pacific. and developing a risk culture (through education • In each region, workshops will be held to reinforce and awareness campaigns as well as financial and cooperation between all stakeholders and address regulating tools). the needs for cross-sector collaboration, community engagement and sharing knowledge, lessons learnt A VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE and good practices. SOLUTIONS • Sea’ties will advocate for the integration of adaptation to sea-level rise into public policy and o sustainably adapt cities to sea-level rise, provide recommendations informed by science Sea’ties promotes the combination of different and practical experience. Tsolutions tailored to the specific context of each territory.

PARTNERS

FINANCIAL SUPPORT © Pok-rie

46 WPD OFFSHORE FRANCE FRANCE NATURE ENVIRONNEMENT (FNE) Fécamp windfarms Eoloscope offshore

ith a global capacity of NE advocates for a more thorough about 500 MW (71 turbines) consideration of environmental Wthe Fecamp wind farm is Fissues and a reinforced dialogue located within a EU Natura2000 area, between NGOs and offshore wind farm 13 km off the Normandy coast, in project leaders. Eoloscope offshore the English Channel water. It aims supplies citizens with a booklet of at producing wind-based renewable information on the challenges of energy, while limiting the impacts on offshore wind energy, existing regu- marine biodiversity. To that end, the lations and the different stages of an implementation area was chosen to offshore wind project. In addition, it minimize the effects on biodiversity includes a multi-criteria analysis grid and specifically birds. It will produce to identify best practices and points low carbon footprint energy for the of improvement in the establishment use of 770,000 people. of an offshore wind project.

Budget: © Unsplash Enhancing the transition towards sustainable societies and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing Budget: and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing 1.6 b€ 100 000 € OBJECTIVES in Brittany (“Floating wind turbine in the South of Brittany”). Thanks to this Funding sources: Funding sources: The goal of the Eoloscope offshore tool tool, citizens improved their technical N/A N/A is to move towards the implementation skills, and made their own assessment of exemplary offshore wind farms and of the project’s impacts. The toolkit Scale: Scale: to combine strong citizen participation facilitated the democratization of

Local © wpd Local and support with a high level of the decision making process, and consideration for biodiversity and promoted citizen participation, by thanks to the analysis of environmental the environment. Therefore this tool developing dialogue between relevant Geographical location: OBJECTIVES surveys and consultation with local Geographical location: aims at deepening citizens’ knowledge stakeholders. Off the coast of Normandy, The overall goal is to produce clean stakeholders. The exact implantation France and facilitating dialogue between French Territorial Waters of energy, with a limited impact on region was subsequently chosen. associations, territorial actors, and economic actors. MITIGATION the English Channel biodiversity (e.g. no oil spilling, no water Partner(s): discharge). In collaboration with local Multiple partners • Develop effective tools to promote stakeholders, the priority in building MITIGATION Leading partner(s): MAIN ACTIVITIES and support the deployment of up the project was to minimize the • Develop marine renewable energy offshore wind farms, producing EDF-RE, EnBridge FNE mobilised its members and impacts of the windfarm on biodiversity, (MRE), with the aim of mitigating our Project duration: renewable energy while protecting experts to produce a toolkit with both landscape and fisheries. reliance on nuclear power plants. 2019 - 2021 marine biodiversity. a booklet and a multi-criteria analysis Other partner organisation(s): grid. The first version of Eoloscope 11 partners including FNE MAIN ACTIVITIES offshore has been presented to local Normandie, Normandy Region wpd conducted environmental surveys SDG NGOs and state institutions as well WHAT MAKES WHAT MAKES and Normandy Chamber of (e.g. using radar, uw microphones, boat, as private companies working on IT INNOVATIVE Commerce plane, GPS tagging, scientific fishing, IT INNOVATIVE MRE. It is part of FNE’s awareness This initiative facilitates the benthos sampling). It selected an area campaign to help citizen decision The project was designed in MITIGATION dialogue between associations, of less constraint on biodiversity. wpd making regarding wind farms. The Project duration: close public concertation, territorial actors and economic also modeled the wind farm effects first version of the Eoloscope offshore 2007 - 2048 including fishermen. It was also actors. In addition, the tool on waves and current, on underwater is available on the FNE website and supported by NGOs at local makes information about wind noise, and adapted their technology printed editions of the tool have also and regional levels, and took farm project implementation to minimize these effects as much been distributed locally. into consideration local needs and sustainability available SDG as possible. and landscapes. The project to citizens and other relevant is unique in the sense that it RESULTS & IMPACTS actors. RESULTS & IMPACTS was close concerted with local The Eoloscope offshore helped NGOs stakeholders. MITIGATION wpd and its partners won the tender to position themselves during a public in 2011. The project has been designed debate concerning a wind farm project 48 49 PLANÈTE MER CONSULT’OCEAN PELA-Méd: Fishermen Committed Fishing and Marine Renewable Energy to the Future of the Mediterranean Sea RESULTS & IMPACTS he project answers the following ELA Méd is a local pilot The PELA-Méd program managed to: question: how can fisheries and development program run Involve local professional fishermen in TMRE-related actors overco- Pfor and by fishermen. It the pilot committee (11 prud’homies me their differences to coexist and aims to help them upskill so they out of 13 committee members); Take address together climate change and can transition towards sustainable an initiation trip for a delegation of biodiversity loss? The project adopts fishing and respond to the economic 10 fishermen from 9 prud’homies; a holistic approach for people from and environmental issues faced by Evaluate 2 species (edible urchin and different sea-based sectors to join fisheries in the Var region as listed red mullet) with the strong involvement forces and coordinate to achieve com- below: Improving fishing stocks, in of fishermen; Draft a bio-economic mon goals. It enhances coordination particular for target species potentially study about the economic dependence and cooperation at the local level. impacted by climate change; Sharing of fisheries on species and jobs; Involve knowledge of overfished species and state services, local government the impact of fishing; Fighting against members, protected area administrators Budget: IUU fishing, either undeclared or © Sarah Lelong © Sarah OBJECTIVES and fishermen in the project; organize Confidential unregulated; Creating economically a seminar on the implementation of viable models for fisheries. The key objective of PELA-Méd OBJECTIVES of including fishermen in offshore and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing program is to offer, build and test sworn guards in the Mediterranean Sea. and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing Funding sources: wind energy projects. Planned Budget: management and knowledge-sharing Private and public The objective is to provide areas of work: Map the actors of ADAPTATION 442k€ tools for fishermen in order to achieve cohabitation opportunities for MRE the fishing industry; Analyze the data; a level of fishing which is sustainable companies and fishermen. The project • Provide new narratives and arguments Scale: Organize exchanges between the from both a socio-economic and to fisheries and its stakeholders in aims to develop innovative solutions Funding sources: Global different actors; Share environmental ecological perspective and deliver fishing practices; to local issues and disagreements knowledge; Research the evolution Private and public an economic return for fisheries. • Enable fishermen to adapt their between the two types of users. It of the fishery to include wind farms. Being present on site and working in techniques in the context of climate Geographical location: goes beyond maritime spatial planning collaboration with all stakeholders, Scale: change (e.g. fishing seasons, spawning tools, with the objective to deepen PELA-Méd’s ambition is to: (1) Evaluate Atlantic Ocean and MITIGATION Local season, fluctuation of the spawning the existing dialogue - while achieving fishing stocks across target species; Mediterranean Sea and fish stocks); the relevant SDG. • Develop renewable sources of (2) Implement a shared and flexible energy to mitigate climate change, • Improve ecosystem resilience by Partner(s): Geographical location: management of fishing stocks based MAIN ACTIVITIES in accordance with the decree adapting fishing to the fluctuation of EnBW Valeco Department of Var, France on co-management principles; and related to the multi-year energy fish resources; Main activities include: (1) Identifying (3) Improve fishing monitoring and programming (PPE) published in • Contribute to protecting marine and analyzing the representations checks. April 2020; Leading partner(s): biodiversity in the Port-Cros National of each stakeholder; (2) Facilitating Project duration: Departmental Committee Park’s and its neighboring area. exchanges including by sharing views; • Enhance collaboration between MAIN ACTIVITIES 2020-2023 the fishing industry and marine of Maritime Fisheries and (3) Sharing available knowledge Marine Farming – Var region The main activities in relation to each on climate and biodiversity with renewable energy (MRE) to boost their compatibility, thus proposing objective are: (1) Knowledge: define each stakeholder; (4) Finding areas sampling protocols and strategies, of agreement and disagreement; solutions to move towards sustainable Other partner organisation(s): WHAT MAKES SDG development. collect data (to be done by fishermen) IT INNOVATIVE (5) Identifying relevant solutions 18 partners including and analyze it, share scientific to be developed in subsequent IFREMER publications and results; (2) Shared Involving an NGO as a collaborative projects; (6) Producing management: cooperative workshops, mediator is innovative to avoid MITIGATION common tools for all, including to Project duration: co-construction of a new program conflicts between stakehol- describe climate and biodiversity WHAT MAKES 2018-2022 of fishing governance in the region, ders. Additionally, the sworn issues in terms of MRE and fisheries; IT INNOVATIVE shared and flexible management guards project is a societal (7) Disseminating project outcomes. Floating wind turbines are (decisions taken jointly by fishermen, innovation as it is a first in scientists, administrators of these the Mediterranean Sea. This an innovative technology SDG RESULTS & IMPACTS in France. First farms are protected areas and NGOs involved initiative clearly incentivizes with the co-management group); (3) fishermen to take part in the At this stage, a cartography of fishing at a development stage. In Monitoring: deploy 4 full time sworn sustainable management of techniques and companies has been addition, these farms consider guards – hiring, training (compulsory their activities. This bottom-up developed and a reflection on the fishing opportunities in their ADAPTATION and specific to the territory) and approach is also innovative. positioning of the different actors construction. certification. was launched. The aim is to find ways

50 51 OUR FISH Frontiers in Marine Science Research Topic: How Overfishing Handicaps Resilience of Marine Resources Under Climate Change

n the context of fish stock depletion, Our Fish is working Moving towards sustainable and Ito end overfishing and restore a healthy ocean ecosystem. Our Fish engages with stakeholders and climate-smart fishing practices decision-makers on the adverse effects of overfishing, as well as on the opportunities related to sustainable fishing practices, uring the 20th century, humans systems and therefore allow coastal and

including mitigation and adaptation © Unsplash increasingly exploited the living marine ecosystems to continue contributing to climate change components. This resources of the ocean. Today, to sustainable development goals. Climate- advocacy work is conducted at the OBJECTIVES can benefit climate mitigation and European level. adaptation. These will be published the world’s fish stocks are under smart fisheries also offer effective ways to The overall goal is to reframe ending Dconsiderable pressure, with 33% of the reduce the vulnerability of the fishing sector by the end of 2021, and will include Budget: EU overfishing as decisive action a biodiversity and climate checklist global fish stocks being overexploited26. and enhance climate adaptation. on the biodiversity and climate 50,000 € in accordance with the EU Green This is a major concern, not only for emergency. In that regard, this Deal. A Symposium presenting the and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing future global food security, but also for Internationally agreed targets and goals have project has two main objectives: (1) initial findings, was attended by over the social and economic well-being of been adopted to further encourage the Funding sources: Produce a new series of published 900 people, including a workshop the coastal communities that rely on adoption of sustainable and climate-smart Private scientific papers on the potential that involved policymakers from six benefits of sustainable fisheries to fish consumption. Close to 3.3 billion fishing practices, including by intensifying different countries and the EU. Our people depend on aquatic resources for efforts to eradicate illegal, unreported and climate mitigation and adaptation; Fish’s work has initiated the education Scale: sustenance, and millions depend on the unregulated (IUU) fishing and eliminating (2) Provide important information to of policymakers and decisionmakers Regional 29 policy-makers, NGOs, industry and to the importance of a healthy ocean fishing sector for economic and social subsidies that contribute to overfishing . governments at a critical stage in the to climate action, which is resulting in benefits27. In addition to overexploitation, In line with this, the targets 14.4 and 14.6 Geographical location: development of actions to address more policy documents highlighting the growing impacts of climate change of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) the climate and biodiversity crises 28 Europe this issue. further threaten fish stocks . 14 - Life below water, respectively call for by providing specific data on the the end of overfishing and for the ban of climate impact of ending overfishing. MITIGATION & In response to these increasing threats, harmful subsidies. Partner(s): stakeholders from leading governments University of British ADAPTATION MAIN ACTIVITIES and from civil society have been drawing Columbia • Increase public and political unders- Our Fish is working with scientists from pathways to reconcile exploitation and 26 FAO (2018). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, tanding of how to manage fisheries across the world to publish a series of available at http://www.fao.org/documents/card/fr/c/ to improve mitigation and adaptation conservation, therefore strengthening I9540EN/ scientific papers that investigate how the resilience of ecosystems. Innovative Project duration: solutions to climate change; 27 sustainable fisheries management and more respectful fishing practices are FAO (2020). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2020-2021 contributes to climate mitigation • Facilitate the introduction of EU available at http://www.fao.org/3/ca9229en/online/ca9229en. emerging, especially through ecosystem html and adaptation. This pioneering policies and processes to implement approaches, which widely contributes 28 science has been presented during these solutions. IPCC (2019). Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere a symposium with 3 webinars and a to developing climate-smart fisheries. in a Changing Climate, available at https://www.ipcc. ch/srocc/ SDG workshop. The resulting scientific Climate-smart fisheries aim to improve papers will be published in an online WHAT MAKES efficiency in the use of natural resources to 29 Ocean & Climate Platform (2021). Policy brief, Impacts journal that is freely available. Our produce fish and aquatic foods, in order to of fishing and climate change on life below water: what IT INNOVATIVE challenges for the future? available at https://ocean-climate. Fish mainly conducts advocacy and respect fish stocks and protect ecosystems. org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Policy-brief-English- MITIGATION & ADAPTATION This initiative is drafting new communication work, including by They ensure the maintenance of aquatic version-2.pdf organizing media and advocacy research papers, explaining meetings. and quantifying the climate benefits of sustainable fisheries. It is also driving the RESULTS & IMPACTS development of EU policies to The series of scientific papers will put an end to overfishing and include at least 10 new papers that its adverse effects on climate explore how fisheries management and biodiversity.

52 53 © Steve Halama © Steve PAUL RICARD OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE (IOPR) THE OCEAN FOUNDATION NAIADE: New Innovative Feed for Sustainable & SeaGreen Sargassum Insetting Environment-friendly Aquaculture RESULTS & IMPACTS he SeaGreen project utilizes In 2020, the pilot project provided hile aquaculture is used as large-scale sargassum impressive results: 100 tonnes of an alternative in the face of Tstrandings for the production sargassum harvested, 100 tonnes Wthe pressure exerted by in- of compost for regenerative recycled organic waste from resorts dustrial fishing on fisheries resources, agriculture to generate carbon in Punta Cana, 150 tonnes of compost it makes use of products derived from credits. The recent annual produced, 14 farmers in Miches, the intensive fishmeal industry. Farmed inundation of sargassum in the two gardens in Punta Cana, the fishes are mainly fed on small pelagic Caribbean is severely disrupting development of a new low impact fishes transformed into meal. For the coastal tourism, the fishing industry, sargassum harvesting technique, purpose of sustainable development Fabre © Hervé and endangering coastal ecosystems soil regeneration, the introduction and the preservation of fish stocks, it milestones have been achieved: (1) the including seagrass meadows, of bio-intensive farming to local is today necessary to develop diffe- OBJECTIVES structuration of a group of experts, mangrove forests, and coral reefs. communities, and the training of many rent ways of feeding farmed fishes. The main aim of the project is to develop actors and professionals on the matter; The approach involves removing OBJECTIVES farmers and operators. The project This project was created to develop harmful sargassum and converting it a sustainable alternative based on a new feed for marine aquaculture (2) the elaboration and testing of a first sequestered about 198.4 tonnes based on sustainable protein foodstuffs, into compost to promote soil building (1) Work with tourist resorts and coastal insect proteins to put an end to the aquaculture feed using mealworms; (3) CO2e in 2020 through avoided which would make it possible to reduce and food security while preserving communities to unlock the potential vicious circle of overfishing and stock the hire of an aquaculture engineer

landfill emissions (i.e. sargassum was and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing the pressure on wild fish stocks and and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing existing blue carbon sinks. of sargassum-based agricultural depletion, whilst also reusing food at the Institute to strengthen the composted rather than being hauled reserve them for human consumption. products to mitigate climate change and agricultural waste in a circular team; and (4) the construction of a to the landfill), and is establishing a This will involve assessing the adaptation through the generation of carbon economy approach. marine station, with a wing dedicated Budget: new pilot site in St. Kitts and Nevis. of fishes to a new alimentary bolus from credits while fostering sustainable to researching and teaching those the physiological and morphological US$300,000 per year economic development and local aquaculture practices. Budget: points of view, and analysing their food production; (2) Support scientific MITIGATION & 500k€ growth rate in comparison with a classic Funding sources: and industrial research on the ADAPTATION MITIGATION & feed constituted of fishmeal. Priorities environmental, economic, and social Private and philanthropic are: (1) the production of a traceable ADAPTATION benefits of utilizing nuisance sargassum Funding sources: • Avoid landfill emissions and increase feed; (2) the production of sustainable as agriculture-enhancing products; (3) Public and private Scale: cleanup activity; farmed fishes; and (3) the replicability • Cut the emissions related to the Coordinate training workshops and • Support soil-building and eliminate of the model and development of local industrial fishing (for the fish flour) and Regional other learning activities related to the the need for petroleum-based Scale: supply circuits. transport of the production; responsible harvest and transformation synthetic fertilizers; Local • Protect the wild fish stocks, thus Geographical location: of sargassum into compost, mulch, and other environmentally-friendly products • Prevent the degradation of coastal MAIN ACTIVITIES enhancing the ocean’s capture Dominican Republic and for use in organic agriculture. blue carbon sinks and enhance coastal capabilities; St. Kitts and Nevis resilience; . Geographical location: There are four phases. Phase 1: Test The Embiez Island, Var, France various feed compositions (experimental • Allow the aquaculture not to rely on MAIN ACTIVITIES phase) to test several feed compositions wild fish stocks, volatile due to climate Leading partner(s): by varying the percentage of proteins; change, meteorological events (Nino/ Grogenics, SOS Carbon The focus of the SeaGreen project is Partner(s): Phase 2: Establish circular economy nina) and overfishing. to provide sargassum-based organic WHAT MAKES 9 partners including the loops (soldier fly production, waste compost and bio intensive agricultural IT INNOVATIVE CNRS, Pernod Ricard recycling, feed production, outlet for Other partner organisation(s): training to smallholder, women farmers Currently, most tourist re- France, Fondation Veolia aquaculture fish feed); Phase 3: Establish WHAT MAKES 4 other partners and commercial growers throughout sorts in the Caribbean are re- a network of local actors and producers the Caribbean. Carbon insetting IT INNOVATIVE moving nuisance sargassum for the composition of the feed; Phase is a method for sequestering and Project duration: Project duration: at great cost and shipping 4: Reflect on the implementation of a The project develops storing carbon in a way that reduces 2018- 2023 Since 2019 it to landfills. The SeaGreen traceability sign for the food (quality low-carbon, low-tech and a company’s carbon footprint while approach, “carbon insetting,” label); Phase 5: Produce farmed fish high efficiency aquaculture also enhancing its value chain. Using allows resorts to pursue and analysis of nutritional qualities proposing insect proteins sargassum seaweed as an organic SDG carbon neutrality goals SDG and economic analysis of the costs of as fish feeds. It provides agricultural input allows tourist resorts while also contributing to production. an opportunity to enhance to keep beaches clean for guests their value chain by creating collaboration and cooperation while also building soils and increasing new markets for high-value, with diverse stakeholders, local food production. The high value, RESULTS & IMPACTS MITIGATION & ADAPTATION organic produce that tourists MITIGATION & ADAPTATION including through the creation organic produce in turn can be sold increasingly demand. Since the beginning, with Phase of a regional center of relevant back to resorts, which promotes 1 from 2018 to 2020, the following skills and expertise. sustainable economic development.

54 55 FRENCH MARITIME CLUSTER ARMATEURS DE FRANCE Coalition for the Eco-Energy The Blue Charter Transition of Maritime Industries

n 2003, the French shipowner’s he global Climate goals by 2050 association created its Blue Char- demand technological, economi- Iter, the concrete illustration of Tcal and organisational ruptures its long-standing efforts in favour for the whole logistic and mobility of high-quality, safe shipping that is chain. The eco-energy transition is respectful of people and the environ- based on new energy models: energy ment. Since then, French shipowners mix & technologies; energy efficiency; have illustrated their desire to go while protecting biodiversity. There is even further by introducing new a need for a cross-industry approach, commitments to the Charter that working together to define a common

reflect their ambition. In 2020, the Services ©Jifmar Offshore based science approach on Life-Cy- Blue Charter was incorporated into cle Assessment (LCA) of these new © CMA CGM Armateurs de France’s articles of de France and its members are very energy models. The Coalition will OBJECTIVES gathers 13 companies, 10 federations, association, making membership invested. For the first time in 2020, then mutualize R&D and projects OBJECTIVES The Blue Charter has three main 2 competitiveness poles and several of both the organisation and the Green Marine Europe has awarded and synchronize roadmaps to reach The Coalition aims to define a shared priorities: (1) Placing people at the scientific organisations. Since then, Charter inseparable. the label to six French shipowners. these goals. vision of the new energy models to heart of companies’ concerns, (2) Acting and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing the Coalition assessed the potential and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing achieve “decarbonization & 0 emission” to protect the environment and (3) of energy solutions, and developed a 2050 Goals. This is based on a global Budget: Maintaining the highest level of safety. MITIGATION Budget: solutions’ repository. All the information N/A 850k€ vision of sea, coastal and port activities, was gathered and aggregated in the • Contribute to shipping regulatory and the connections with shore activi- first version of the “T2EM Platform’’. MAIN ACTIVITIES developments at national, european ties and territories challenges. Thus, The Platform was developed by the Funding sources: Funding sources: the Coalition has decided to use new The Blue Charter provides many and international levels; Coalition, and hosts the database and N/A Private and public methods and tools, and created a digital options for action, including: vessels • Represent and promote very active the first decision-making tools. The platform with 3 dimensions: information; atmospheric emissions and underwater French shipowners on environmental Coalition also created working groups decision making; collaboration. This Scale: noise reduction; speed and conduct issues in order to create momentum for Scale: to delve deeper into specific issues. French initiative has been launched in Global optimization; fight against marine action within the international shipping Local order to contribute to european and mammals’ collision and the transfer community; MITIGATION & international Initiatives and to propose of invasive species; promote the • Create green alternatives for the ADAPTATION Geographical location: shipping sector (LNG, hydrogen, wind, Geographical location: the T2EM Platform. introduction of technologies with • Help the maritime (i.e. sea, coastal, port) Based in Paris, France a limited environmental impact of etc.); France MAIN ACTIVITIES stakeholders to reduce their impacts on maritime transports; actively contribute • Participate in projects to reduce biodiversity through the development to discussions with marine environment Leading partner(s): Partner(s): pollution from ships (QWIO project, The Coalition has defined 5 workstreams: of new energy models; associations; but also, apply rules of GME label, SAILS charter, etc.). French Ministry of the Sea, All members of Armateurs (1) Declining the climate goals for the • Develop a new mix of solutions to corporate governance consistent with ADEME, ECOSYS Group de France different maritime and port activities with mitigate climate change, transforming safety requirements and support crew associated indicators; (2) Referencing stakeholders’ assets and operations to safety training throughout their careers. Project duration: WHAT MAKES solutions industries and validating new reach the global Climate Goals by 2050. Other partner organisation(s): energy models with dedicated tools; (3) Since 2003 IT INNOVATIVE RESULTS & IMPACTS 37 partners including Facilitating financing of solutions from IFREMER, Météo France All members of the association agreed Armateurs de France is the public and private sources; (4) Proposing WHAT MAKES and SHOM to comply to the Charter, and to first French professional orga- solutions to public stakeholders at the IT INNOVATIVE SDG provide transparent information on the nization which has included national, European and international condition for its application. Every year, its sustainable development Project duration: levels; (5) Developing the Digital Platform. The French Maritime Cluster Armateurs de France rewards a member commitments in its articles, 2020-2021 In 2021-2022 the Coalition will announce: is developing digital tools to the global overview of the new energy MITIGATION who has distinguished himself on the making membership of both support and synchronize the three priorities of the Blue Charter with the organization and the Char- models challenges; an academic chair to main efforts from both public the Blue Charter Trophy. In addition, ter inseparable. It is therefore mutualize studies; a Lab to synchronize and private stakeholders, and SDG the Blue Charter invites its shipping an incentive to be proactive R&D and accelerate projects; a common tools to simulate and approve company members to participate and to go beyond regulation dynamic based on the T2EM Platform. the solutions. The next step in other projects showcasing their (on the environment, safety would be a european and commitment such as the Green Marine and social aspects). MITIGATION & ADAPTATION RESULTS & IMPACTS international dimension of Europe Label in which Armateurs this Platform. Launched in 2019, the Coalition now

56 57 SURFRIDER FOUNDATION EUROPE THE INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR ANIMAL WELFARE (IFAW) Green Marine Europe Blue speeds for shipping

reen Marine Europe is a hip strikes, underwater noise voluntary environmental and GHG emissions from the Gcertification program S60,000+ commercial vessels that that helps shipowners to inform ply the global ocean pose a serious their partners and reduce their conservation and welfare threat to environmental footprint, through whales, other marine species and the evaluation of several criteria habitats around the world. IFAW (Greenhouse gas, SOx and NOx advocates for reduced source levels © Unsplash emissions, underwater noise, waste of noise from commercial shipping management, ship dismantling, etc). with governments and within the IMO. improve their performance from year It was launched in April 2020 by OBJECTIVES IFAW is also engaging directly with to year. In 2020, the label certified 6 Surfrider Foundation Europe, in the shipping industry to encourage The overall goal is to support shipowners for the first year: Corsica partnership with Green Marine technological advances in ship design shipowners towards a green transition, Linea, Brittany Ferries, La Méridionale, in Canada, thereby creating a by communicating on their better and maintenance, and the adoption

Socatra, Genavir-Ifremer and Orange © IFAW mechanism that supports them of operational practices such as slow environmental practices going beyond Marine. More than 150 people followed in improving their environmental the existing regulation. To be certified, steaming and rerouting measures. the event online for this reveal event. and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing and economies societies sustainable the transition towards Enhancing performance on a European scale. candidates must annually measure OBJECTIVES issues of noise and ship strikes and their environmental performance using MITIGATION & Budget: associated GHG emission benefits, Budget: the program’s self-assessment guides, IFAW’s overall goal is that mandatory as well as to increase public and ADAPTATION Confidential regulations are adopted to halt the 90k€ then submit their results to an external supporter awareness of these issues increasing risks from ship strikes, verification that is carried out by an • Anticipate new environmental and solutions available. In relation to underwater noise and GHG emissions. independent verifier accredited by legislations for the shipping industry; Funding sources: ocean noise reduction, IFAW also Funding sources: Green Marine Europe, as well as agree N/A The three major objectives are to: (1) • Promote the reduction of GHG contributed to the Emmy-award Private and public to publish their individual results. The Increase global regulation of ocean emissions from ships and ports; winning documentary “Sonic Sea”. label also involves all the actors of the noise, ship strikes and GHG emissions Scale: • Reduce the risk of introducing from commercial shipping through the Scale: maritime supply-chain, by working with and propagating aquatic invasive Regional creation, adoption and implementation MITIGATION & Subregional shipyards, shippers, terminal operators, ports and technology solutions’ organisms and pathogens; of voluntary and mandatory policies; ADAPTATION • Promote the reduction of marine providers. Geographical location: (2) Support and drive efforts to identify • Mitigate the noise and GHG emis- pollution (e.g. cargo residues, ship Geographical location: at-risk whale populations/areas and sions from ships; recycling); Europe to adopt ship strike risk reduction Europe MAIN ACTIVITIES • Reduce ship strikes, therefore pro- • Promote the reduction of impacts on measures; and (3) Increase public tecting marine biodiversity; In the frame of Green Marine Europe, marine biodiversity (e.g. underwater Partner(s): awareness of the solutions available Partner(s): Surfrider Foundation monitors noise). None to address the impacts of shipping • Promote the evolution and adapta- Green Marine the regulation related to shipping on marine life. tion of shipping practices, (Alliance Verte) issues, in order to implement it in the certification requirements. It Project duration: MAIN ACTIVITIES also organizes and facilitates the WHAT MAKES Project duration: 2019-2024 steering, advisory committees and IT INNOVATIVE Main activities mainly include advocacy WHAT MAKES 2020-2023 IT INNOVATIVE all the governance bodies of the The Green Marine Europe and awareness-raising work, such label. Surfrider Foundation trains label is the only certification as: IMO consultative status and IFAW’s project addresses 3 the verifiers that evaluate shipowners program that covers every SDG attendance at relevant committee major threats to the marine SDG and runs the recruitment of new type of pollution of a fleet, meetings, shipping company and environment with a straight- candidates, referring to 14 indicators. from atmospheric emissions shipping association outreach, forward and readily actionable Finally, it organizes the reveal event to ship dismantling. It is also ports outreach, regional and local solution: shipping speed and certifies the laureates every year. the only program interested MITIGATION & ADAPTATION government engagement, and raising reduction. IFAW is in a unique MITIGATION & ADAPTATION in tackling underwater noise awareness about underwater noise position amongst NGOs as it RESULTS & IMPACTS issues. Green Marine Europe and ship strikes. has observer status with IMO tries also to reduce marine pol- and is considered as the “go- The Green Marine Europe label lution with a global approach RESULTS & IMPACTS to” organisation on cetacean counts more than 150 participants in with the whole supply-chain. & shipping interactions. total (i.e. shipowners, ports, terminal IFAW has managed to engage shipping and shipyards), and shipowners have to companies and governments on the

58 59 UNIVERSITY OF BREST (UBO) BLUE DiplomaSEA

ince 2018, the United Nations have been conducting Snegotiations for a treaty on conservation in the high seas known as BBNJ (Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction). In line with this, the University of Brest developed a serious game that aims to train stakeholders in charge of implementing the future BBNJ treaty and to raise awareness among citizens about high seas challenges. The game adopts a systemic approach to ocean sustainability. Raising awareness, mobilizing citizens and promoting ocean literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising RAISING AWARENESS, MOBILIZING CITIZENS Budget: 61 000 € AND PROMOTING OCEAN LITERACY - Ocean University Initiative © UBO Funding sources: OBJECTIVES debriefing session is recommended for © M.Dagnino Public and private the participants to better understand BLUE DiplomaSEA is a serious game. the stakes of international governance The overall goal is to offer a capacity topping the loss of marine biodiversity change, biodiversity loss, health, energy transition, in the high seas. Scale: building tool to the experts that will and preserving the regulating role of the food security). Awareness-raising and educational Global implement the future BBNJ treaty and ocean in the climate system will require activities provide stakeholders the necessary to post-graduate students in marine RESULTS & IMPACTS transformative change in lifestyles and knowledge to better consider the ocean, hence and coastal science. The objectives of Before designing the game, the Uni- Sbehaviours. To that end, the entire society must responding to growing societal demands and needs Geographical location: the game are to: (1) Dive into the stakes versity organized design-thinking adopt more sustainable production and consumption for accessible and reliable information. Based in Brest, Brittany, of protecting marine biodiversity in the workshops with scientists, mediators practices. Only well-informed citizens will make this France high seas; (2) Feel the challenges re- and game-designers. The University transformative change possible. As recalled by Sylvia Such activities place primary importance on lated to international governance (e.g. has created a first prototype and Earle “the greatest threat to the ocean, and thus to the cultural services provided by the ocean (i.e. Partner(s): social justice, geopolitical and cross tested it with students. The prototype sectoral coordination); (3) Provide a ourselves, is ignorance”13 and, admittedly, the vast recreational, aesthetic, artistic, religious and Game in Society, EESAB, will be finalized and a digital version space for negotiation; (4) Develop majority of people are not aware of how daily lives spiritual dimensions), promoting its related values, Ifremer, Nausicaá, Sailing will be developed. The simulation transversal skills (e.g. cooperation, Hirondelle, Consult’Océan, game BLUE DiplomaSEA is still un- are directly and indirectly dependent on the ocean, meanings, practices and knowledge. In many parts dialogue, mutual understanding). and vice versa. of the world, the ocean already plays a central Atelier Canopé 29 der development, and the University expects it to be ready by 2022. The role in shaping cultural beliefs and identities. This MAIN ACTIVITIES University of Brest has created a first For that reason, it is essential to further share ocean singular relationship between human and sea, which Project duration: prototype for a board version. It will knowledge within societies and boost stakeholders’ greatly contributes to protecting the ocean and its Since 2020 The game is to be played between 5 be available in an open source version experience of coastal and marine ecosystems (e.g. resources, must be preserved and strengthened. and 15 participants endorsing various by summer 2021. A digital version will aquariums, exhibitions, school trips). That is the role roles at play in high seas: fisheries, be developed in the future. This final section presents initiatives deployed to maritime transport, deepsea mining, of several actors: research institutes, foundations, SDG museums, associations and aquariums, who act as inform and educate both the general public and NGOs, science, etc. Players take decisions based on a predefined set mediators with the great public, thus bridging the gap other relevant stakeholders, such as decision- WHAT MAKES of actions in a series of rounds. Each between science and society. makers, on ocean challenges, therefore supporting IT INNOVATIVE transformative change and the adoption of more action impacts the three pillars of sustainable development. The overall sustainable practices, lifestyles and behaviours. This tool provides a playful On that front, ocean literacy, i.e. the understanding objective is to build a balanced use way to train students and of the ocean and our relationship with it, allows and conservation of the high seas 13F. Santoro et al. (eds). 2017. Ocean Literacy for All - A toolkit, practitioners to the high seas society to understand critical issues associated with IOC/UNESCO & UNESCO Venice Office, Paris (IOC Manuals through negotiation. Following the challenges. ocean-related topics and challenges (e.g. climate and Guides, 80) playing session (2 to 3 hours), a 1-hour

60 61 ETHIC OCEAN WORLD OCEAN NETWORK Species Guide for seafood buyers Mr.Goodfish

he Species Guide for seafood r.Goodfish is a programme on buyers presents the main the sustainable consumption Tspecies of fish, molluscs, crus- Mof seafood products, taceans and algae that are consumed launched under the umbrella of in France, Belgium and Switzerland, the World Ocean Network, by three and establishes purchasing recom- aquariums: Nausicaa – Centre de mendations for professionals who buy la Mer, in France, the Acquario di and sell seafood and want to ensure a Genova in Italy and the Aquarium sustainable supply. The Guide advo- Finisterrae in Spain. Mr.Goodfish cates for sustainable seafood supply, provides information tools (e.g. and low-carbon fishing practices to mobile app) designed to help seafood adapt to marine life depletion and to professionals and consumers choose the effects of climate change. the “right fish”. Experts recommend a list of seafood products that can

be purchased by consumers. © Nausicaá Budget:

30 k€ literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising OBJECTIVES RESULTS & IMPACTS literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising Budget: 318 443€/year (2021) More than 59% of fish stocks are fully Mr.Goodfish provides independent Funding sources: fished, 34% are overfished and more scientific advice to promote seafood Public and private than 6% are underfished. Mr.Good- sales while respecting the environ- Funding sources: fish therefore aims to promote fish ment, and identifies products as Public

Scale: IN-FINITUM Fouray © Alain consumption from fully fish stocks soon as they are put up to auction. Subregional and underfished stocks to reduce the Mr.Goodfish provides communica- Scale: OBJECTIVES nable seafood supplies in order to pressure on the overfished stocks. tion tools to promote sustainable fight against the dramatic decline of Subregional Following Mr.Goodfish’s advice and species on their menus and stalls. Geographical location: The Species Guide for seafood buyers marine resources. purchasing a species at least once It promotes seasonal products and France, Belgium presents the main species of fish, mol- a year could save 18 000 tons of helps to highlight species unknown and Switzerland luscs, crustaceans and algae that are Geographical location: threatened species. The priority is that to the general public. Mr.Goodfish consumed in France, Belgium and RESULTS & IMPACTS France, Italy, Spain, Monaco the fish industry and consumers join helps consumers choose their fish by forces to save the economy of fishery. providing recommendations via the Partner(s): Switzerland, and establishes purchasing This Guide is seen as a key tool among recommendations for professionals Leading partner(s): website and social media. Consumers None the seafood industry and it helps the who buy and sell seafood and want to seafood buyers to change their practices Nausicaa, the National Sea MAIN ACTIVITIES choose seasonal seafood products ensure a sustainable supply. The Guide (chefs and restaurants, catering sector, Center (France), Acquario Di available on Mr.Goodfish’s website advocates for sustainable seafood cooking schools, fishmongers, retailers, Genova (Italy) and Aquarium Mr.Goodfish publishes recommenda- and mobile app. Today, more than Project duration: supply, and low-carbon fishing practices suppliers…) to improve the sustainability Finisterrae (Spain) tions to promote sustainable consump- 2,500 professionals have joined the Since 2008 to adapt to marine life depletion and of the seafood they buy for their clients. tion of seafood products based on Mr.Goodfish programme. (Annual update, to the effects of climate change. About 1.000 guides are published every Other partner organisation(s): the status of fish stocks, the size and based on scientific datas) year and around 5.000 users through Prince Albert II of Monaco season. The recommendations are MAIN ACTIVITIES online tools. Foundation established quarterly by an expert committee that brings together the WHAT MAKES Marine resources are not unlimited. main fishing industry stakeholders: SDG IT INNOVATIVE We know about their fragility because Project duration: scientists, fishers, wholesalers, pro- WHAT MAKES Mr.Goodfish aims to promote of environmental changes and fishing Since 2010 cessors, fishmongers, restaurateurs, sustainable alternatives for pressure. 34.2% of stocks are overex- IT INNOVATIVE distributors and consumer associa- seafood products to both ploited in the world, fishing techniques tions. They meet every 3 months to The Species Guide is seen as professionals and the gene- that have a major impact on ecosystems provide specific recommendations for the key tool to help seafood SDG ral public, raising awareness remain, and illegal fishing practices each of the following regions: Channel buyers to implement a sustai- among the entire seafood persist. The objective of this Guide is and North Sea, Brittany and Atlantic nable seafood policy, and is value chain, from seafood to help professionals in the fishing and and Mediterranean Sea. Mr.Goodfish designed to analyse the entire producers to consumers. aquaculture sector (fish wholesalers, production chain. creates specific tools adapted to importers, fishmongers, supermarket each professional group to promote buyers, chefs, etc.) to obtain sustai- its recommendations.

62 63 INSTITUT MARIN DU SEAQUARIUM EXPÉDITION MED ReSeaclon: fishermen and Plastic Free Mediterranean Sea: territory against marine litter Exhibitions for Education

he ReSeaclons project was he project «Plastic Free Medi- born from the meeting of terranean Sea - Exhibitions for TTriveo and the Seaquarium TEducation» is an environmen- Marine Institute. Catalyst of marine tal awareness program, carried out conservation projects, the Seaqua- by Expédition MED together with rium Marine Institute seized the op- three partner countries: Algeria, portunity to collaborate with Triveo, Morocco and Italy. These travelling a recycling company, on its new exhibitions will trace the sources, technology to reduce marine litter in origins and impacts of plastic waste, its region. The TRIVEO technology, while presenting sustainable and which is still under development, adapted alternative solutions to the aims to collect plastic waste from general public in the Mediterranean

marine environments to recycle it Region. GHAIB © Abdelkrim into small objects (compression and friction processes). The ReSeaclons OBJECTIVES RESULTS & IMPACTS project therefore aims to answer the Budget: following question: how to collect literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising 300 K€ The overall goal is to disseminate Expédition MED is creating literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising knowledge on a large scale around partnerships in Algeria, Morocco

marine plastics from the sea, and Seaquarium Marin © B. Verdeille/Institut the issues of plastic pollution to Me- and Italy with the help of local NGOs. to do it sustainably? Funding sources: diterranean populations. Expédition Our French itinerant exhibition will Public and private OBJECTIVES RESULTS & IMPACTS MED’s objective is to create travelling be adapted to the culture and needs Budget: The ReSeaClons project aims to assess The Triveo engineers further refined educational and scientific exhibitions of each country. Local stakeholders 55k€ (Pilot project-18 the feasibility of developing a waste the Triveo-technology, bringing techno- Scale: on the issue of pollution, identifying will be called upon during beach months), 6k€ /year collection and treatment chain, with logical solutions to the existing issues. Regional the origin of the waste in order to cleanup campaigns. Marine litter the objective of protecting marine Fishermen got very much involved target the sources of emissions and results will be promoted in scientific Funding sources: to support the implementation of sus- journals and will be used to orient environments at the local level. The in the project, collecting the plastic Geographical location: Public and private main priorities are to consider mari- stuck in the nets on a daily basis. The tainable solutions, therefore changing actions for the implementation of Mediterranean Region time spatial planning issues (including collective effort proved to be effective, human behavior. The exhibition also sustainable and adapted solutions (i.e. Algeria, Morocco, Italy) provides an opportunity to strengthen (common, adapted). We will moni- Scale: the involvement of fishermen), assess providing an opportunity to enhance human and material costs, test and the dialogue across sectors and actors. ties with partner countries, enhancing tor the exhibitions hosted by cities Local cooperation through concrete and of each country (number, type of improve the Triveo-technology, and Citizens also took part in the project, Partner(s): joint actions. visitors). Additionally, a perception to do market research. Priorities also mainly through beach cleaning activities 8 partners including ADEME Geographical location: include raising awareness on marine (e.g. 1.6 tonnes of plastics collected in survey will be set up to measure the International impact of exhibitions on the public. Grau du Roi, Gard, France litter issues to the general public to April 2019). Artists and scientists also MAIN ACTIVITIES change human behaviours. joined the project. The Seaquarium Expédition MED carries raising Marine Institute is receiving demand Project duration: Leading partner(s): awareness activities, disseminating for new projects on local fisheries and 2020 - 2022 Seaquarium MAIN ACTIVITIES knowledge through itinerant exhibi- WHAT MAKES (Grau du Roi’s aquarium) marine litter. IT INNOVATIVE The Seaquarium Marine Institute tions jointly organized with Algeria, deals with collection management Morocco and Italy. Main activities Expédition MED is conducting Other partner organisation(s): (e.g. logistics, collection, storage and WHAT MAKES SDG therefore are creating educational joint actions with key partners scientific exhibitions. Other activities Local authorities, Local sorting) and raising awareness activities. IT INNOVATIVE to build a large-scale aware- fishermen, Industrial It works on 4 collection sites that were also include beach cleaning. Once ness project. These itinerant Partner (TRIVEO) identified with four key stakeholders: (1) The project involves all local waste is collected, it is then analyzed exhibitions will inform and fishermen; (2) local authorities; (3) the stakeholders: authorities, fi- to produce comparable data. The data raise awareness at a very will subsequently be presented in Project duration: Cleaner Blue eco-barge; and (4) local shermens, NGOs, industry re- large scale, changing human presentatives, artists; joining the exhibitions, as well as in scientific Since 2018 NGOs. The Seaquarium Marine Institute behavior in several Medi- assesses the environmental, technical forces to achieve common publications.This program involves terranean countries to stop and societal impacts and progress of goals. TRIVEO also brings in local populations in the protection of plastic pollution including in the ReSeaclons project, using circular new innovative technology the environment through collaborative the Mediterranean Sea. SDG economy principles and models. that will soon be translated science. into the ReSeaclons project.

64 65 AQUARIUM TROPICAL DE LA PORTE DORÉE TOUR DES DEUX AMÉRIQUES SOLIDAIRE EN VOILIER Ocean Festival («Fête de l’océan») T2A Expedition

he Aquarium Tropical organises he expedition consists of an Ocean Festival (scientific and sailing along the American Tartistic workshops, thematic Tcoast to (1) conduct scientific tours, shows for children, concerts) in research on the ocean, climate and close collaboration with key partners biodiversity, and related interactions; from the conservation and education and (2) share scientific knowledge communities every year. The Ocean on these issues in each leg of the Festival aims to promote scientific expedition. The expedition will knowledge and raise awareness among raise awareness on causes, effects the general public, showing visitors and available solutions among the and participants the diversity, richness, general public (including school beauty but also fragility of oceanic children) and local authorities and biodiversity. representatives.

Budget: Budget: about 50 000 € /year

Raising awareness, mobilizing citizens and promoting ocean literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising 1,185k€ literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising

Funding sources: - EPPPD © Gabriel Picot

Funding sources: © Unsplash Public OBJECTIVES Madagascar, electric fishes, coral reefs, Private mangroves). Exceptional backstage visits OBJECTIVES databases available to the scientific The overall goal of the Aquarium Tro- Scale: of the Aquarium will also be proposed. Scale: community (e.g. videos to assess the pical is to show the richness of ocean The overall goal is to change mindsets Regional Global evolution of the 20-meter zone) and biodiversity, while alerting visitors on and behaviors regarding the ocean, RESULTS & IMPACTS conducting interviews of people living the threats it faces and showcasing ini- climate and marine biodiversity. The along the coast. Geographical location: tiatives to protect marine environments. More than 25,000 people were able to Geographical location: expedition has three main objectives: Paris, France The Aquarium’s priorities are: to reach (1) Reduce overconsumption of seafood enjoy the activities offered during the South America, Central to a wide audience (general public and wherever it is economically possible; RESULTS & IMPACTS Ocean Festival at the Tropical Aquarium America, North America, schoolchildren); to develop a diversified (2) Adapt to the effects of climate Partner(s): between 2017 and 2019. In 2020 the Caribbean, France, Morocco, The association conveyed approxima- cultural program that is playful and 4th edition was broadcast online due change and reduce related risks; (3) tely 15 conferences on «Ocean and The French National Canary Islands, Cape Verde, adapted to all ages (e.g. scientific and to the pandemic. It brought together Transform human behaviour to adopt a climate: your future depends on it». The Museum of Natural History Antarctica, Arctic, Greenland artistic workshops, concerts, theater); more than 20,000 people during 2 sustainable and responsible way of life expedition was seen by hundreds of (MNHN), Ifremer, theatre to show the variety of actors involved broadcasts of 2 hours each. (e.g reduction in the fossil fuel consump- people people through the media and companies in the study and preservation of ocean Partner(s): tion, adoption of clean energies, waste three major trade fairs. 100 sailors and biodiversity; and to propose ways for 10 partners including the management, plastic recycling, coastal 39 divers who will take turns on board the public to contribute individually to Project duration: Phenomer Laboratory protection) have been recruited, and training cruises its protection. 3 days every year since 2017 WHAT MAKES (Ifremer) and the Locean were set up in the Mediterranean Sea IT INNOVATIVE Laboratory of Oceanography MAIN ACTIVITIES to allow around a hundred people to MAIN ACTIVITIES and Climatology discover life on board the vessel. The Ocean Festival is the The expedition conducts aware- SDG The Aquarium Tropical will broadcast only annual event dedicated ness-raising and educative activities, the “SPLUJ” sound-show, created by to the ocean in Paris. Project duration: including: organisation of conferences Teatr Piba and Ifremer, to immerse the Parisians can understand 2022 - 2026 for the general public (400 attendees WHAT MAKES audience in the deep sea through an why and how to protect the expected), schools and local media, IT INNOVATIVE audio show in the dark. The young public ocean. The Aquarium show- planning and facilitation of events, and will be able to listen to the show «Good cases species conservation production of documentaries, videos, The expedition aims to fishing bad pickaxe», on sustainable programs and raises awar- SDG and illustrated books. Some artists are spread ocean knowledge, fishing. Scientific speakers will guide eness to the general public, joining the expedition. It also leads enabling people to anticipate small groups of visitors throughout thus gaining the attention scientific research activities, such as: the consequences of climate the aquarium to teach them about and interest of the audience participatory science research (e.g., change and biodiversity loss, the different on-site ecosystems (e.g. for the protection of ocean temperature, shoreline and salinity allowing them to adapt their seahorses, marine mammals, alligators, ecosystems. measurements, and samples), making behaviour accordingly. predators of Amazonia, cichlids of 66 67 NEOGRAPHIC DIGITAL Blue Box: The first immersive NAUSICAÁ nomadic & engaged experiences «In The Eye Of The Climate» exhibit

lue Box is an innovative room n July 2020, Nausicaá opened its of 48 m2 containing panoramic door to the public for its new exhi- Bvideo projection, 3D sound, body Ibition, “In the Eye of the Climate”. interaction and hologram. It can be From the shores of France to the South easily implanted via its mountable/ African coastline, the public discovers dismountable structure to democratize life in the era of global warming and culture by bringing it to the public. the solutions offered by the Ocean. A The first exhibition «Memory of the spectacular immersive film (3D virtual Future» aims to raise awareness and image - projection on a surface of 430 engage players on a global and urgent m2) concludes the exhibition: it allows subject, global warming and the impact the visitor to experience dramatic of rising sea level. It will encourage climatic events before witnessing them to act on their behavior and the positive initiatives that have been thus, on an individual scale, on the undertaken at all level of the society future of our planet. to limit climate change. Raising awareness, mobilizing citizens and promoting ocean literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising Budget: Budget: 200 000 € 800 k€ © Maxime Verdelet - MV Perspectiviste Verdelet © Maxime Funding sources: Funding sources: tive tool to promote behavioral change Public and private OBJECTIVES Semi-public © Nausicaá to the general public, and developed its The objective of the Blue Box is to first exhibition “Memory of the Future”. Scale: democratize culture by bringing it to The team is working in partnership with Scale: OBJECTIVES effort is also supported on internet, Global the public in an innovative form com- several organizations, including Maud Local social medias and by the production of The overall goal is to raise awareness bining cognitive sciences, art and new Fontenoy Foundation and Surfrider educational tools for schools and the on ocean and climate issues through technologies, to anchor a truly positive Foundation Europe. Neographic Digital organization of events and conferences an exhibition combining aquariums, Geographical location: experience in memory. Being committed also volunteers time to protect the Geographical location: throughout 2021 in Nausicaá. settings, informative panels, digital Based in Lilles, France to the preservation of the oceans and ocean through awareness-raising action Boulogne-sur-Mer, experiences and a great immersive the environment, the first exhibition, and events. Hauts de France Region, RESULTS & IMPACTS «Memory of the Future», aims to plant France spectacle made of virtual images. Partner(s): a seed in the public’s mind to give them Visitors discover marine ecosystems, More than 50 000 people visited the Surfrider Foundation the motivation to act on their behavior biodiversity reserves (e.g. penguins), exhibit. The exhibit was mentioned in Partner(s): Europe, Maud Fontenoy and thus, on an individual scale, on the WHAT MAKES and the essential role played by the the press 84 times (print, radio, TV and Foundation, Ocean & future of our planet. IT INNOVATIVE Meteo France, Tara Ocean ocean in climate regulation. Visitors web). There were more than 9 000 Climate Platform Foundation, French National also understand the solutions that website visits on pages with ocean Blue Box is the first mobile Museum of Natural History exist for preserving the environment and climate content (approximately MAIN ACTIVITIES immersive experience, and is (MNHN) and living in a more ecological way, 2 minutes spent per page). Project duration: Neographic Digital conducts aware- the result of the coming-to- becoming players and taking up Started in 2019 - ness-raising activities through the Blue gether of expertise in the challenges. Project duration: Launch in 2021 Box project. Its research focuses on the fields of interactive design WHAT MAKES and video production. Mo- 2020 - 2022 combination of innovative levers from MAIN ACTIVITIES IT INNOVATIVE the cognitive sciences to optimize the reover, it combines technolo- impact of content and messages. It gical and pedagogical levers Nausicaá mainly conducts aware- The use of immersive map- SDG proposes a new narration, an innovative never before harmonized. SDG ness-raising activities. The «In the Eye ping film technology to raise pedagogy, accessible to the greatest Research and development of Climate» exhibit allows the visitors awareness on climate issues number and respecting the health is also a large part of this to understand ocean and climate is innovative: 430 sq.m. of rules related to the Covid 19. project, which is open to issues (climate regulation, climate projections in 3D from the new perspectives such as impact and ocean based solutions). floor to the walls and an aural the potential integration of RESULTS & IMPACTS Nausicaá also proposes solutions immersion to experience olfactory. to the visitors for coping with these the effects and challenges of Neographic Digital designed an innova- upheavals and limiting climate change. global warming. The ocean and climate awareness 68 69 INSTITUT FRANÇAIS DE LA MER (IFM) AND INNOVATIONS BLEUES The Ocean: a global common

he Ocean as Common initia- tives advocates for improved Tinternational ocean gover- nance, promoting the principle of the ocean as a global common and supporting key stakeholders in im- plementing on-the-ground action. The Roadmap to Oceans and It calls for behavioral change within societies to protect the ocean and Climate Action its resources.

Budget: he Roadmap to Oceans and Climate The Roadmap presents recommendations in 100 - 500 k€/an Action (ROCA) is a global multi- six major areas which ROCA aims to advance: stakeholder initiative involving 1. Central role of the ocean in regulating Funding sources: Raising awareness, mobilizing citizens and promoting ocean literacy ocean citizens and promoting mobilizing awareness, Raising governments, international climate; 2. Mitigation; 3. Adaptation N/A Tagencies, NGOs, scientific institutions, and Blue Economy; 4. Displacement; 5. private sector entities, and subnational Financing; and 6. Capacity development, Scale: authorities to advance the ocean and climate for implementation in 2016 through 2021. Global agenda (especially in the UNFCCC, the UN

Ocean Conference, and in other United The ROCA initiative aims to promote the Network © Benoît Stichelbaut/Formatives Nations fora), and at the national level in application of Blue Economy approaches Geographical location: all countries. ROCA was launched at the with emphasis on low-carbon solutions and Worldwide OBJECTIVES UNFCCC COP 22 in Marrakechs, Morocco. economic benefits to developing countries The objective is to promote a renewed «Ocean as a global common» is a key The ROCA works to implement the Strategic and Small Island Developing States (following Partner(s): vision of the Ocean as a source of pillarof the French maritime strategy. Action Roadmap on Oceans and Climate: SDG target 14.7). The Assessing Progress on Ocean as Common (OAC) benefits for all humanity for which each In addition to its call for the ocean, 2016-2021, first discussed at the Oceans Ocean and Climate Action reports cover person, individually and collectively, is the Ocean as Common initiative also Day at COP 21 in Paris 2015. developments in fostering the low carbon responsible, and to urge every person, implemented several awareness- Blue Economy, for example, initiatives that Project duration: every community, every State and raising programmes, including the ROCA is led by the Global Ocean Forum, focus on: (1) advancing the development of 2018-2025 the international community to act Swim for the ocean and Blue Friday Intergovernmental Oceanographic marine renewable energy; and (2) addressing accordingly. campaigns. Commission of UNESCO, Ocean Policy potential threats and dangers to the blue Research Institute of the Sasakawa Peace economy sector from climate change and SDG MAIN ACTIVITIES Foundation, Japan, and the Oceano Azul environmental challenges and increasing WHAT MAKES Ocean as Common conducts Foundation, Portugal. climate resilience through Blue Economy. IT INNOVATIVE awareness-raising activities. It mobilizes international and national decision- The Ocean As Common © Arno Senoner © Arno makers to strengthen international project calls for a renewed ocean governance, and engage with vision of the Ocean, beyond NGOs, companies and the general the usual notions of appro- public to change human behaviour priation and sharing, as well and further protect the ocean. The as those of freedom and so- Ocean as Common initiative also vereignty. It reminds us that raises funds to support stakeholders the uniqueness of the waters in implementing concrete action. requires a global vision and that if the Ocean is a benefit for all, we can all act for its RESULTS & IMPACTS good state, wherever we are. In 2019, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, has declared that the

70 71 ocean-climate.org

WITH THE SUPPORT OF: