Review Paper

doi:10.5937/jaes12-5633 Paper number: 12(2014)1, 269, 11 - 18

ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Dr Nevenka Pavličić* Faculty of Civil Engeneering, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Dr Mladen Perazić Montenegro Business School, Mediterranean University, Montenegro Dr Dragana Đurić-Jocić Faculty of Media and Communication, Singidunum University, Serbia Dr Miloš Knežević Faculty of Civil Engeneering, University of Montenegro, Montenegro

Economic growth is of a crucial importance to the prosperity of a society and its members and such growth is based on a good quality and competent labour. Educated and skilled human resources are one of the key factors to influence the positioning of a national economy in the international com- munity. A properly regulated educational system and availability of education, as well as the “learning society” culture appear to be a generator of economic, cultural and general social progress. Key words: Education, Engineers, Civil engineering, Human resources, Employment Agency of Montenegro

INTRODUCTION a turning point. An increasing importance of knowledge and innovation for economic growth, The processes of globalisation, economic and a growing dependence on technology and an political integrations, growth and development increased demand for both traditional and new of multinational companies inevitably require skills indicate that the globalisation is not only a changes to the business operations manage- tool and/or instrument for production but also a ment, development of new skills and knowledge requirement for a change to the education sys- as well as the necessity to embrace the lifelong tem. Researches indicate that basic skills should learning concept. These processes offer cer- be enhanced to include information, communi- tain advantages such as the use of new tech- cation and language competencies. According nologies and open competition which reflects on to Kulic and Despotovic, the learning society be- personal development. Nevertheless, there are comes a prevailing vision and ideal. It is a social certain constraints in terms of unfavourable de- evolution based on lifelong education and learn- mographic and age structure of population in the ing [08]. Ovesni deems that the need for longlife European countries and Montenegro therein. A education has lead to differentiation among the burden of legacy is seen in the inherited nega- existing and creation of new institutions, which tive selection of human resources, transitional consequently resulted in diversification in the phenomena which requires the employees to be adult education system at global level. [04] more adaptable, legal and institutional frame- work not adjusted to reflect new business prac- According to P.Gazivoda, education endeavours tice, improper ownership transformations and should also continue after the school-age period socio-political impacts on the development of so to enable distribution of knowledge and specif- economy. ic types of education which will be more demand- ed by individuals and societies. Whole life repre- Faced with the challenge of growing demand for sents a continuous learning process, according employees with the occupation-specific compe- to S. Milic.[09] From the aspect of economy, im- tencies on one side and with a limited capacity portance of the learning is considered in modern and resources available for improvement of the economic literature, with acknowledgement of quality of education on the other side, the educa- the importance of higher investment in human re- tional systems in many countries have reached sources. Changes in specific sectors have an

* University of Podgorica, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cetinjski put bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; 11 [email protected] Dr Nevenka Pavličić - Engineering education in the field of civil engineering

-diate effect on the workforce demand and de- researches which are based on different view- mand for specific type of knowledge. The chang- points - economic, political and cultural. Accord- es in employment which involve higher employ- ing to Prof D. M. Savicevic PhD, the globalisa- ment in knowledge sectors and growing use of tion represents a new challenge to the education information and communication technology ap- and learning and any neglecting or ignoring of pear in line with development of the knowledge the globalisation phenomena would not be fruit- economy. Such changes are obvious in the de- ful to the concept of scientific thinking. [02] veloping countries, and have resulted in struc- What is typical for the research of the Euro- tural changes in the workforce demand, thus pean integration processes, in particular with having long-term effects on the education and a view to establishing and functioning of Eu- vocational training systems. ropean Union, is the fact that more and more Construction sector has a strategic role in the areas occur in which the EU member countries development of Montenegro, yet a striking scar- are ready to give jurisdiction to a supranational city in human resources is observed in this very union and its institutions.[03] One of these ar- sector. This is proved by the fact that most of eas refers to the issue of education. Coopera- the work permits for expatriate staff have been tion in the field of education in EU is governed issued for the job profiles within this sector, with by Article 149 and Article 150, Chapter XI of the scarcity indentified at all levels of education. the Treaty on European Union. [10] According According to the data of the Employment Agen- to the mentioned articles, Member States are cy of Montenegro, in recent years the highest responsible for the content of teaching and the scarcity has been recorded in the supply of the organisation of education systems and their following job profiles: carpenter, brick mason, cultural and linguistic diversity. steel-bender, construction equipment operator, In the Lisbon Strategy [07] adopted by the Eu- tile slabber, insulator, geodetic technician, civil ropean Council in 2000, EU set itself a goal works and building construction technician, geo- to become the most competitive and dynamic detic, architecture and civil engineer. knowledge-based economy in the world capa- ble of sustainable economic growth with more ECONOMIC FUNCTION OF EDUCATION IN and better jobs and greater social cohesion. EUROPE The overall strategy is aimed at competitive- More developed countries of EU advocate the ness, stimulation of research and innovations idea of human potential being priority and key in the EU economy. The Member States are development resource, the quality of which called on to prepare certain documents such primarily depends on adequate education and as the executive program for information so- training. The quality of education and train- ciety as a basic method for coordinated plan- ing is expected to contribute to the growth of ning and establishing of the information so- national economy, development of human re- ciety. Marc Luyckx Ghisy [05] states that this sources, sustainable national development and decision is a business goal couched in the general well-being of individuals. For this rea- language of social inclusivity and sustainabil- son, countries with market economy promote ity. Its importance lay in its recognition that education and human resource development knowledge was becoming an important source as a strategic objective. These countries are of wealth. It was forward looking because in- committed to a systemic and at national level stead of speaking of technologies, Europe’s planned development of education and train- political leaders spoke of a knowledge society. ing which highly benefits to economic growth, Also crucial for the future, they also linked com- social progress and cultural development of petitiveness and sustainability. And in pushing general society as well as to the personal de- for social inclusion they recognised the impor- velopment of the members of society. tance of capitalising on the rising new logic of In the 21st century, impact of globalisation on the knowledge management. In a single statement, society, institutions and individuals has brought the Lisbon Summit meeting set the stage for a to changes in the educational strategies in the win-win scenario in the European Union for the st more developed countries in Europe. This mat- first decade of the 21 century. [06] ter has been a subject of numerous studies and

12 Journal of Applied Engineering Science 12(2014)1, 269 Dr Nevenka Pavličić - Engineering education in the field of civil engineering

EDUCATION IN MONTENEGRO • Teachers to the large extent have compe- tencies which are directly related to the A strategic goal of the educational system in implementation of the specific aims of the Montenegro is to provide a quality education for reform, all individuals by reflecting the demand of the la- • Monitoring and improvement of the quality bour market and to lay sound basis for further of education is at the satisfying level, education and vocational training. Since its start in 2000, the implementation of the education re- • Material resources needed for the achieve- form has brought many changes to the structure ment of the reform objectives are mostly and organisation of the educational system. satisfying, The reform has been implemented in compli- • Montenegro has taken a huge step forward ance with the EU trends and demand of the in the area of legal framework and educa- economic system which is constantly changing tion polices, created a system setting for a due to the development and daily progress in quality inclusive education of children with science and technology. For this reason, orien- disabilities. tation to the lifelong learning has become ever High quality of the educational system and vo- more important. The lifelong learning is aimed at cational education as a part thereof is important perfecting of the existing knowledge and skills both for an individual and the society. Quality and acquiring new knowledge so as to facilitate vocational education represents base for an up- transition to new technologies and improve the grade of professional knowledge, skills and com- position of an individual in the labour market. petencies which are necessary for life and work The educational system in Montenegro consists of an individual. In compliance with the General of: 21 public and 13 private preschool education Law on Education and Law on Vocational Edu- institutions, 163 primary schools, 47 secondary cation, the vocational education in Montenegro schools (gymnasiums, professional schools and is provided as a lower degree vocational educa- combined schools) and one private Gymnasium, tion in the duration of two years, middle degree 3 resource centres, 67 licensed providers of vocational education lasting three or four years adult education. and higher degree vocational education lasting Education is such area that needs constant im- up to two years as post-middle degree voca- provement taking into consideration the PISA tional education. The vocational education also test results of our students and employers’ per- includes the craftsman’s exam. The objective of formance assessments, position of our universi- the vocational education reform is to provide a ties in the world university rankings. more efficient response to the labour market de- Results of the research performed under the mand. Development of qualifications is based on project “Evaluation of the Education Reform in the performance results in all areas of work and Montenegro”, aimed at consideration and as- at all levels of difficulty. It is important to ensure sessment of the level and quality of implemen- throughput in the educational system, to provide tation of the reform activities in primary schools personal, social and professional development of and gymnasiums are the following: any individual, and to enable comparability of the qualifications obtained in Montenegro with the • Implementation of the reform agenda in the qualifications obtained in other countries etc. educational system in Montenegro proved to be necessary and resulted only in posi- Considering that the investing in education of pro- tive changes, fessional staff is a profitable investment and the • Reform of the educational system in Mon- safest path to successful business, and with an tenegro significantly improved the quality of aim to reduce the discrepancy between the educa- such system, tional system and real demand within economy, the Governing Board of the Chamber of Commerce of • A prevailing positive attitude towards the Montenegro at its session held on 14 March 2013, education reform is observed, passed a Decision on establishing the Scholarship • Curriculums are effective, with all relevant fund for secondary professional school students learning objectives defined and knowledge educated according to the curricula for scarce oc- standards clearly specified, cupations. The Fund is financed by those legal • The examinees highly ranked the quality of textbooks, Journal of Applied Engineering Science 12(2014)1, 269 13 Dr Nevenka Pavličić - Engineering education in the field of civil engineering entities which state demand for the scarce qualifi- 1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, cations and by various donors. The award of schol- 2. Faculty of Architecture, arships and other measures of professional orien- 3. Geodesy, tation of students from the very beginning of the formal education process are intended to stimulate 4. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, and the interest of students and influence their orienta- 5. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. tion to the scarce occupations. The structure of the educational process within Enhancing cooperation between the entrepre- the University in Podgorica is aligned with the neurs and educational institutions represents an modern trends in Europe. These faculties, re- important aspect of the improving the educational corded for an evident growth in number of the system in Montenegro. enrolled students, offer base and post-graduate Higher involvement of the employers in the edu- studies in different area based on the following cational system would enable better interaction models: and numerous advantages to either party. Tak- - bachelor studies (3 years); ing into consideration the identified tendency of - postgraduate studies (3+1) the employers towards a “ready-made staff”, by - master studies (3+1+1) provision of conditions for student practice the The formal educational system provides educa- following interests would be satisfied: the in- tion for staff and labour for the labour market, terests of educational institutions ,which would however the problem lays in a regional scarcity enable acquiring practical skills rather than only and low mobility of these occupational profiles. theoretical knowledge; the interests of pupils The reason for regional scarcity and low supply of and students who would be prepared for effi- these occupational profiles in the labour market cient inclusion in the work process and the inter- lays primarily in hard physical work, hard work- ests of the employers who would benefit from a ing conditions, low earnings, away-from-home good quality and trained staff and labour. This employment, temporary employment, insufficient was one of the reasons to start with the Pro- occupational safety. According to the data of the gram of higher vocational education. The same Employment Agency of Montenegro, almost 2/3 type of program is also planned for the school of the scarce labour in the construction sector re- students. fers to the III and IV degree of vocational educa- Comparative analyses of the European educa- tion. The employers in central and south region of tional systems performed in the recent years Montenegro are in need for the labour with these have acknowledged Montenegro as an active qualifications due to the expansion of construc- participant in reforms, consequently in the ac- tion works in these regions. cession process of Montenegro to the EU, There are some attempts to solve the problem of Chapter 26 - Education and Culture was the scarce labour with the said educational profiles first one to be temporarily closed. through the adult educational system, by means CIVIL ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL of retraining and additional qualifications. Non-for- QUALIFICATIONS IN MONTENEGRO mal education is provided by large number of the licensed instructors or those who act as NGOs and Thirty-seven out of forty-nine secondary schools provide short non-licensed training courses. The in Montenegro are professional or combined Law on the Adult Education states that the adults secondary schools. Within the formal education- can evidence the acquired knowledge, skills and al system in Montenegro, educational qualifica- competencies though sitting for exams before the tions for civil engineering jobs are provided indi- Examination Centre, regardless of the manner of rectly in 23 professional secondary schools and its acquisition. This is governed in more detail by directly in only 5 professional secondary schools the Law on National Vocational Qualifications. in Podgorica, Berane, Plav, Nisic and Herceg National Education Council is responsible for the Novi. standards of knowledge that are established and High education system in Montenegro comprises verified by exams in case of evidencing the knowl- five faculties which provide educational for the edge, skills and competencies, according to the vocation of civil engineer, these being the part of educational curricula, on the basis of which or parts the University of Montenegro: thereof, the publicly valid education is achieved.

14 Journal of Applied Engineering Science 12(2014)1, 269 Dr Nevenka Pavličić - Engineering education in the field of civil engineering

The process of regulation of the adult education odesy. The educational curricula for vocational system is underway. The activities are focused on training for jobs in the fileds of construction and ge- networking of formal, non-formal and informal edu- odesy are assigned with the Level 2 of complexity cation. So far, 24 educational curricula have been and have been approved by the Adult Education adopted for the work area - construction and ge- Council.

Table 1. Secondary schools - Department of Construction and Spatial Planning” – by municipalities and schools 2011/2012. Source: Ministry of Education Berane Professional secondary school Civil engineering technician Herceg Novi Combined secondary school “Ivan Goran Kovacic” Construction technician Niksic The first professional secondary school Civil engineering technician Plav Combined secondary school “Beco Basic” Architectural technician High school of civil engineering and geodesy “Inz. Podgorica Architectural technician Marko Radevic” High school of civil engineering and geodesy “Inz. Podgorica Interior designer Marko Radevic” High school of civil engineering and geodesy “Inz. Podgorica Civil engineering technician Marko Radevic” High school of civil engineering and geodesy “Inz. Podgorica Civil works technician Marko Radevic” High school of civil engineering and geodesy “Inz. Podgorica Construction technician Marko Radevic” High school of civil engineering and geodesy “Inz. Podgorica Hydro-construction technician Marko Radevic” High school of civil engineering and geodesy “Inz. Podgorica Construction installer Marko Radevic” High school of civil engineering and geodesy “Inz. Podgorica Tile slabber Marko Radevic” High school of civil engineering and geodesy “Inz. Podgorica Dry construction fitter Marko Radevic”

CHALLENGES IN THE ENGINEER program named “Civil Engineering and Manage- EDUCATION IN THE WORLD ment” taking on example of many similar schools OF GLOBAL CHANGES across Europe and USA. It is intended for the staff familiar with the construction technology, Near future will introduce a new paradigm which legal framework, economic disciplines and bus- assumes the competitive advantage based not ies psychology, in other words the staff for new only on knowledge but innovation and creativ- age. In general terms, the needs of an employer ity as well. Any change to the education re- contribute to the adjustment of the creative inno- quires new tools for the highly qualified staff. vative ideas to the actually measured potential Our students are due to accept basic concepts results. and principles of the market, marketing competi- Requirements set in our projects are always tion and managerial roles. In addition to techni- multidisciplinary - to build a hydro power plant? cal skills and competencies, our civil engineers Yes, but the question is under which conditions. should also acquire management skills and abili- In essence, we assume high responsibility for ties. The civil engineers should be prepared for creation of construction legacy of our lives and team management along with good engineering creation of future for the next generations. There knowledge. They are expected to operationalize are many pending issues that need to be solved their business ideas through plans. in future. Our language is universal language of The Faculty of Civil Engineering - University of the world and our work will be appreciated by Montenegro has acknowledge the above men- foreign audience visiting this region. tioned and consequently established a study

Journal of Applied Engineering Science 12(2014)1, 269 15 Dr Nevenka Pavličić - Engineering education in the field of civil engineering

The future times require a serious approach to by means of various short-term training and re- the education of civil engineers that need to be training courses organised by competent and li- considered in a long ran and based on multiple censed adult education institutions. criteria. Unfortunately, at this point we have to Some additional education and training and re- mention that the financial situation of the Uni- training activties are organised in an attempt to versity of Montenegro is rather embarrassing mitigate this problem, however organisation of when compared to other European universities any comprehensive training programe requires and requires necessary and urgent measures to by far larger financial resources, compliance with provide financial sources for both teaching and the regulation of the educational system and more research activities. Otherwise there can be no active involvement of the Examination Center so substantial changes to the education as to re- as to provide that nationally recognised certifi- flect the European standards. cates do guarantee the quality of the instructor Without the achieved level of quality in the field training courses. It should be highlihted that the of education no proper response can be made to previous experiences in practical training of the the time ahead us, such time imposing a need unemployed persons show that well prepared for serious approach to education. Deficiency training programs or training courses have been in the energy will cause the kWh to become the also well accepted by the unepmployed persons measure of all values in the next few years. At and employers. our Faculty we have recognised this issue as With an aim to reduce the unemployment rate, well and we have started with implementation of the Employment Agency of Montenegro, acting the study program concerning energy efficiency through licensed companies, organises different in buildings under the scope of the postgraduate types of training. The analyses performed by studies. the Employment Agency of Montenegro suggest Most of the faculties of civil engineering in Eu- that all atendees of training courses for known rope, within their educational curricula include employer manage to find the employment, while the studies of environmental protection with a 70 % of trainees find their employment after view to the technological protection measures, completion of the training course. For the pur- aimed at preservation of eco-systems, which in- pose of implementation of more complex training evitably involves the sustainable construction. programs, regular educational institutions are Curricula and syllabuses need to be aligned also engaged. with the most recent scientific achievements and The Employment Agency of Montenegro is highly continuously reviewed to reflect the actual state active in the area of the adult training, through dif- of economy. ferent types of retraining and additional training courses. The Law defined the Employment Agency ACTIVITIES OF THE EMPLOYMENT AGENCY of Montenegro as a legal person, with rights, duties OF MONTENEGRO IN THE CIVIL and respinsabilities assigned to it in compliance with ENGINEERING CAREERS the Constitution of Montenegro, the Law and Articles Montenegro is faced with a high level of structur- of Association of the Employment Agency. The Em- al unemployment.The data of the Employment plyment Agency provides public serrvice with a pur- Agency of Montenegro indicate an evident need pose of meeting demand in the field of emplyment for adequate labour in terms of both number and witthin the territory of Montenegro. The Employment quality. A scarcity is recorded in craftsmen oc- Agency operates under jurisdiction of the Ministry of cupation in construction, tourism and catering, Labour and Social Welfare 5as well as the Republic agriculture and other sectors as well. The Gov- Pension and Disabilaty Insurance Fund. [11] ernment of Montenegro endeavors to incentivise Activities of the Emplyment Agency of Montenegro this area by setting a legal framework, primarily in this area are reflected through the following pro- the Law on Crafts, establishment of the Chamber grammes: of Crafts, passing a rulebook on the Craftsman’s 1. Preparation for employment Exam , yet the results of the invested efforts are 2. Programmes of professional occupations not as expected. Therefore, the attempts have training been made to overcame the large structural mis- 3. Programmes for known employer match between the labour supply and demand 4. Programme for acquiring special knowledge 16 Journal of Applied Engineering Science 12(2014)1, 269 Dr Nevenka Pavličić - Engineering education in the field of civil engineering

LABOUR MARKET IN MONTENEGRO According to the data of the Employment Agen- cy, register of the unemployed recorded 33.980 The labour market is characterised by continu- unemployed persons as on 13 November 2013, ously a continuously larger labour supply than which is 12,35% more than the year before. labour demand, which is evidenced by a high un- The unemployment rate was 14,65%. The larg- employment rate. The market is also character- est number of unemployed persons is recorded ised by an imbalance and mismatch in the struc- among those with VII (10.414), IV (9.371) and III ture of supply and demand in terms of education, (7.037) degree of qualifications. qualifications or regional distribution. The labour Construction sector is of major significance for in the labour market needs constant improvement the economic growth of the country i particular of knowledge, additional qualifications and re- due to its multiplicative effect on other economic training so as to achieve higher probability of find- activities. In the forthcoming period an increase ing the employment. The market also featured by in contribution to the national GDP is expected, seasonal employment with high employment rate especially in the period of the planned significant of foreign nationals which recorded a sharp drop financial investments in capital projects and the in 2013 due to the reduced quota of work permits. pending highway construction project. In 2013 total number of announced vacancies in The construction sector engages large number Montenegro was 33.328, out of which 86,97% of employees in Montenegro. The table below were temporary employments. The largest num- shows share of the employees working in the ber of vacancies was announced in the accom- construction sector compared to the total num- modation and food services sector 25,68%, trade ber of employees. 17,23% and construction 13,33%.

Table: Number of employees in the sector of construction and spatial planning

Number of employees in the sector of construction and spatial planning Statistical Office of % women to total employ- Total employees Women Montenegro –Statistical ees Yearbook of Montenegro 2011 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 Total 166.221 174.152 161.742 73.469 77.225 76.757 44.2 44.3 47.5 Construction 8831 9997 7903 1377 1367 1570 15.6 13.7 19.9 Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro – Statistical Yearbook of Montenegro 2011

CONCLUSION tem is the most complex and most diversified segment of the lifelong education concept, the In recent years development of human resourc- changes needed are also quite complex and as- es has become a subject of numerous studies, sume different targets. analyses ad changes across Europe. This for Modern tendencies of the countries with market certain comes as consequence of the emerging economy indicate that education and develop- information techniques and technologies, chang- ment of human resources, with a view to new es in labour market conditions, demand trends technologies, are top ranked priorities of the in the employment sector, changes in economy, national strategies for socio-economic scien- social and political setting. The analysts have tific and technological progress. Modern eco- put an emphasis on establishment of such edu- nomic activities rely on highly qualified human cation and training system which will facilitate resources who possess knowledge and skills the learners to acquire those skills, knowledge needed to use new technologies effectively. De- and competencies that will enable them to adjust veloped societies are committed to the creation to the new labour conditions, new types of work of a “knowledge society”. The effects of creativ- and different working environment in a better ity are now more achieved through knowledge. and more flexible way. As the effects of education do not reflect only In many European countries the change pro- on individuals but on the society as a whole, the cesses in education are underway or have al- knowledge is becoming a key development fac- ready started. Given that formal education sys- tor. Therefore, investing in education is another

Journal of Applied Engineering Science 12(2014)1, 269 17 Dr Nevenka Pavličić - Engineering education in the field of civil engineering way to invest in human capital. It is important 8. Increase activities of the retraining and train- that not only information and science elites but ing programmes total labour of one national economy acquire and Economic growth is of a crucial importance to apply new knowledge and information. [01] the prosperity of a society and its members and Acknowledging the importance of the knowl- such growth is based on a good quality and com- edge and development of human resources for petent labour. The educated and qualified hu- economic growth and strengthening of the com- man resources are one among key factors to in- petitive position of Montenegro, the Montene- fluence positioning of a national economy in the grin institutions, social partners and interested international community. A properly regulated parties are investing joint efforts to achieve this educational system and accessibility of educa- goal. Their cooperation ad joint activities should tion, as well as the “learning society” culture ap- be further enhanced as the research suggests pear to be a generator of economic, cultural and there is still room for improvement. The knowl- general social progress. edge based economy is not only a new para- digm, but rather a new technology which offers REFERENCES extraordinary results in terms of development of 1) According to professor Zeljko Mrnjavac: the country. Does Labour Disappear in the Knowledge Which way forward to select and research? With Based Economy? a view to work and research activities, it would 2) Dusan M. Savicevic, Comparative andro- be useful to take the following steps: gagy, Institute for Pedagogy and Andragogy, 1. Make an absolute and relative increase in Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, public fund allocations for education and Belgrade 2003, p.25 development of human resources as recom- 3) Gordana Ilic Gasmi, EU reforms – institutional mended at roundtables and by initiatives of aspects, IGP Prometej Belgrade 2004, pr. 14 the education community; 4) Kristinka Ovesni, Education of Adult Educators, 2. Reconsider total public investments as well (European Experiences). Belgrade: Institute for as the investments in key segments of the Pedagogy and Andragogy, Faculty of Philoso- education and training system and to tar- phy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 2001, p.13 get investments to the specific areas which 5) Marc Luyckx Ghisy PhD, mathematician, need improvement, to reallocate the existing philosopher and doctor of theology, Member investments to the lifelong development of of World Business Academy and Dean of human resources and to form a new concept Cotrzgli Business Academy. in financing of the private educational institu- 6) Marc Luyckx Ghisy, Win-Win Strategy for the tions; European Union in the Knowledge Society, 3. Develop sectors that will deal with develop- Quantum 21 net. 2007, p. 1 ment of human resources and promotion of 7) Presidency Conclusions, Lisbon European importance of the lifelong education within Council, 23 and 24 March 2000 the existing institutional framework and 8) Radivoje Kulic - Miomir Despotovic, Introduction economy; to Andragogy, Zenica, Dom stampe 2005, p.29 4. Affirm professional orientation and counsel- 9) Sasa Milic Strategy of the adult interactive ling as one of strategic priorities in integra- learning, Actual problems of adult educaton, tion of education and economy. Scientific Symposiums, Book 82, Montenegrin 5. Calculate long-term demand of the construc- Academy of Sciences and Arts 2007, p.90 tion sector for education of persons for all job 10) The Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on profiles in the overall demand planning. European Union and Treaty establishing the 6. Adjust educational curricula to match the de- European Community 2007/C 306/01 mand of the construction sector 11) www.zzzcg.org 7. Make scholarship schemes for pupils and students as a reliable way of increasing the Paper sent to revision: 07.02.2014. number of interested persons in the market Paper ready for publication: 15.03.2014. of special occupations.

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