Sozomena 12

Lucretius and His Sources

A Study of Lucretius, "De rerum natura" I 635-920

Bearbeitet von Francesco Montarese

1. Auflage 2012. Buch. XII, 326 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 11 019452 4 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23 cm Gewicht: 602 g

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Table of contents

Introduction ...... 1

Chapter 1 Lucretius drew the Critique from an earlier Epicurean polemic . . 11 1.1 Lucretius’ information is second-hand ...... 20 1.2 Lucretius’ source was an Epicurean text ...... 35 1.2.1 Lucretius’ use of homoeomeria ...... 36 1.2.2 The choice of Heraclitus as representative monist . 40 1.2.2.1 The Stoics as fire monists? ...... 43 1.2.2.2 The Stoic denial of void in the world? . . . 44 1.2.3 Lucretius’ arguments against the limited pluralists ...... 46 1.2.3.1 Lines 753–781 ...... 46 1.2.3.2 Lines 782–802 ...... 47 1.2.4 The Epicurean angle ...... 50 1.3 Conclusion ...... 56

Chapter 2 Books XIV and XV of Epicurus’ Pλ φ« ...... 58 2.1 The content of books XIV and XV ...... 58 2.1.1 Book XIV was not dedicated to polemic ...... 59 2.1.1.1 Evidence from the format of PHerc. 1148 . 59 2.1.1.2 Columns I–XXII ...... 60 2.1.1.3 Columns XXIII and XXIV ...... 63 2.1.1.4 Evidence from the sezioni ...... 66 2.1.2 Epicurus did not discuss Heraclitus’ theory P XIV...... 78 2.1.3 Epicurus did not refute Empedocles’ theory in P XIV...... 79 2.1.4 Book XV was not dedicated to criticism of Anaxagoras ...... 84 2.1.4.1 Cornice 2 ...... 86 2.1.4.2 Cornice 3 ...... 105 2.1.4.3 Cornice 4 ...... 110 X Table of contents

2.1.4.4 Cornice 5 ...... 116 2.1.4.5 Cornici 6 and 7 ...... 122 2.1.4.6 Cornice 8 ...... 125 2.2 Other considerations intrinsic to Epicurus’ work . . . . . 128 2.3 Do P XIV and XV depend on Theophrastus’  λ  ?...... 131 2.3.1 Was Plato the last of the limited pluralists in Theophrastus’  λ  ? ...... 137 2.3.2 The detail of the arguments against Plato and air monism ...... 138 2.3.3 The dating of P XIV and of Theophrastus’  λ  ...... 143 2.4 Conclusion ...... 145

Chapter 3 Lucretius’ use of sources in DRN I ...... 147 3.1 The source of DRN I.156–598 and 951–1107 ...... 147 3.2 Did Lucretius change source after line 598 of DRN I? . . 152 3.3 The Critique does not derive from the same source as 155ff...... 158 3.4 The connection between lines 634 and 635 ...... 160 3.5 Why did Lucretius have the Critique at the centre of book I? ...... 163 3.6 Was Epicurus the source of the Critique? ...... 168 3.7 Did Lucretius use a later Epicurean source? ...... 171 3.7.1 The choice of Heraclitus ...... 177 3.7.2 Lucretius’ use of homoeomeria ...... 179 3.8 Conclusion ...... 181

Chapter 4 Lucretius in the Critique ...... 182 4.1 Heraclitus as a general ...... 182 4.2 Heraclitus’ army ...... 185 4.2.1 Stolidi and inanes Graii ...... 186 4.2.2 Sound and truth ...... 190 4.2.3 Inversis sub verbis ...... 199 4.3 The theme of the path and the search for truth ...... 208 4.3.1 Lines 657–59 ...... 209 4.3.2 Lines 690–700 ...... 211 4.4 Empedocles and Sicily ...... 212 Table of contents XI

4.4.1 Empedocles’ language: poetry as revelation . . . . 213 4.4.2 Lucretius’ praise ...... 216 4.4.3 Etna ...... 223 4.4.4 Lucretius’ endorsement of Empedocles’ discoveries 224 4.4.5 The four elements: Empedocles’ disastrous fall . . 231 4.5 Lucretius’ presentation of Anaxagoras’ theory ...... 235 4.5.1 Lucretius’ transliteration homoeomeria ...... 236 4.5.2 Parody of Anaxagoras ...... 238 4.6 The mortality of Anaxagoras’ primordia ...... 239 4.7 Lucretius’ strategy in lines 859–74 ...... 243 4.8 The analogy of letters and atoms ...... 245 4.8.1 Lines 823–29 ...... 247 4.8.2 Intertextuality ...... 250 4.8.3 Lines 906–14 ...... 251 4.9 Formularity ...... 253 4.10 The parallelism between lines 803–29 and 897–920 . . . 255 4.11 The Critique as ‘dialogue’ ...... 257 4.12 Conclusion ...... 264

Appendix (A) Two stages of composition? ...... 267

Appendix (B) The format of PHerc. 1148 and PHerc. 1151 . . . . 273

Appendix (C) Do Epicurus’ Ad Herodotum and Ad Pythoclem reflect continuous books of P ? ...... 283

Abbreviations ...... 289

Bibliography ...... 291