Kempe’s

Wonderful

Windows

Kempe’s Wonderful Windows page 1 St. Augustine’s Stained Glass The East window is from Charles Kempe’s time, and those in the north and south aisles date from 1908 to 1923. The most notable feature of St. Augustine’s church is the set of Windows designed during Charles Kempe’s lifetime have a windows by C.E.Kempe and Co, one of the most renowned wheatsheaf logo, seen in seven places in the East window. makers of stained glass.

In the second half of the nineteenth century Victorian prosperity supported the building of many new churches, mostly in the new suburbs of expanding industrial towns and cities. The resurgence of high church practices and an interest in medieval history resulted in the Gothic style being chosen in most After his death windows have a tower logo, found in some but situations. not all of the aisle windows, usually at the foot.

The Parish of St. Augustine was carved out of St. Mark’s Broomhill to minister to the new suburbs along the Ecclesall Road. Fund raising began in January 1896 and building began in July 1887. The building is typical of J.D. Webster’s Early English style but unique in that it has a 95 foot high tower. The severe and lofty interior is made remarkable by the stained glass in the East, North and South walls. Kempe windows are to be found in every county – you are never more that 30 miles from a church with his windows. Our Charles Eamer Kempe was one of the finest and most prolific makers neighbours St. Mark Broomhill and All Saints Ecclesall both of stained glass. He was not a trained artist but encouraged and have Kempe windows, and over the border in Nottinghamshire supported his team of craftsmen to create windows of the highest Hucknall has the largest collection in any parish church. standard. He began to design windows in 1866 and founded his own company two years later. It became the largest in its field, employing Charles Kempe was a shy retiring person and never married. over 50 people and manufacturing glass to its own designs. After He suffered from a distressing stammer which caused him to Charles Kempe’s death in 1907 the company continued under the give up his original plan to seek ordination and instead turned leadership of his cousin Walter Tower. It closed down in 1935. to stained glass.

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The East Window Outer left Inner left Centre Inner right Outer right

Upper Archangel The St John Archangel Michael Blessed The the Raphael and the Virgin Mary Crucifixion Evangelist Dragon

Lower King David Mary St The Meal St Luke Magdalene Augustine of in the Rabboni Canterbury Emmaus Evangelist

The window was created in 1901, three years after the consecration of the church. It is a memorial to Archdeacon William Favell who was the prime mover of the creation of the parish of St. Augustine and the building of the church.

Under the St. Luke window there is an inscription:

“To the glory of God and to the beloved memory of William Fisher Favell born July 1827 died October 1896 this window is dedicated by his daughter.”

Kempe’s Wonderful Windows page 3 Centre upper Centre lower The Crucifixion St. Augustine of Text Canterbury “Sic Deus dilexit mundum” On the Banner “God so loved the world” (that “S Augustinus patronus noster He gave his only begotten Son) St. Augustine our patron John chap 3 verse 16 On the Book “Narrabo “And there they crucified nomen tuum fratribus meis” him, and the criminals one “I will tell of your name to my on the right and one on the brothers” left” records St. Luke; but in Psalm 22 verse 22 this window Jesus on the Augustine was Prior of St. Cross is surrounded by Andrew’s monastery in Rome witnesses to God’s power when in 596 he was sent by and purpose in history. As Pope Gregory to England. Peter puts it in the first With the patronage of Queen Bertha of Kent he preached recorded sermon: and converted King Ethelbert. “Jesus of Nazareth, a man He established his cathedral in attested to you by God with Canterbury, and sent deeds of power, wonder missionaries west of the and signs that God did Medway and to London. He among you – this man you relied heavily on Gregory for crucified. But God raised detailed advice on church him up, having freed him discipline. His attempt in 603 from death” to reconcile his Roman version See Acts chap 2 verses 22 – 24. of Church practice with the Celtic Church was failure. It Three Kempe Wheatsheaves took until the Synod of Whitby in 664 to do so.

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The Blessed Virgin Mary Rabboni Mary Magdalene and the

Text Risen Jesus “S.Maria mater dolorosa” “St. Mary, Mourning Mother” Text: Jesus “Maria” The Reformation reaction to Mary “Rabboni” the excesses of the medieval church around St John’s Gospel records Mary has sometimes the first time that the Risen obscured the respect due to Jesus is recognised by a the mother of Jesus. She is disciple, Mary Magdalene, pictured in joy at his birth (not necessarily the woman and in sadness at his who anointed Jesus with crucifixion. Perhaps the expensive oils and probably Collect on her saint’s day not the unnamed woman (15th August) is a fitting sinner who washed Jesus’ summary. feet with her tears). Mary supposes Jesus to be Almighty God, who looked a gardener and asks "They upon the lowliness of the have taken my Lord away Blessed Virgin Mary and and I don't know where they chose her to be the mother have put him." Jesus says of your only Son; grant that "Mary." She recognises Him we who are redeemed by and calls him “Rabboni” his blood may share with (Master or Teacher) See John chap 20 verses her in the glory of your eternal kingdom. 11 - 18.

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St John the Evangelist The Meal in Emmaus Luke records that two St. John’s Gospel was disciples were going to a written almost a generation village called Emmaus. later than the other three. Jesus himself came up and He has reworked the story walked along with them; but of the life, teachings, death they were kept from and resurrection of Jesus as recognizing him. Beginning it was understood in the life with Moses and all the of the early church. His Prophets, Jesus explained magnificent Prologue “In the to them what was said in all beginning was the Word” the Scriptures concerning forms the first attempt by himself. When he was at the the church to express the table with them, he took cosmic and eternal bread, gave thanks, broke it significance of Jesus. The and began to give it to them. story of Jesus’ resurrection Then their eyes were appearance on the road to opened and they Emmaus, (in the window recognized him, and he below left), is only told by disappeared from their sight. John. They asked each other, "Were not our hearts Two Kempe wheatsheaves burning within us while he in the towers. talked with us on the road and opened the Scriptures to us?"

See Luke chap 24 verses13 – 32.

Kempe’s Wonderful Windows page 6 Outer left upper Outer left lower King David Archangel Michael Text “In omnem terram sonus eorum” and the Dragon “Their voice goes out through all the Earth” Michael is one of the seven Psalm 19, verse 4, (A Archangels named in the Psalm of David) referring to Jewish Apocryphal writings, “the Heavens telling the only two of whom are glory of God” named in the Bible. In the David was King of Israel book of Daniel Michael is and Judah for 33 years, the the guardian-angel and creator of Jerusalem, its champion of Israel”, capital, and the planner of protecting the nation against the Temple. The Prophets the angels of other nations. taught that the Messiah In the New Testament he would restore Israel’s fights against the dragon, fortunes, and thus be “of part of Satan’s heavenly David’s line”. As a young army. man his harp playing calmed King Saul’s evil See Revelation chap 12, temper and many Psalms verse 7 are ascribed to him. The Bible gives more space to the story of David’s deeds – good and bad- than to the whole of Luke’s gospel. See 1st Samuel chap16 to the end, and all of 2nd Samuel

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The Archangel St. Luke the Evangelist

Raphael Banner “Notum fecit dus (=Dominus) salutare suum” Raphael is one of the seven “The Lord has made known Archangels named in the his victory” Jewish Apocryphal writings; Psalm 98 verse 2 only Michael and Gabriel By the winged beast are named in the Bible. “Stus Lukas” Raphael is often associated On the Book “Missus est with healing. He appears in Angelus Gabriel” many of Kempe’s windows, The Angel Gabriel was sent almost always with other archangels (e.g. in St. Mark Luke the gospel writer was Grenoside) and not with probably “the beloved Biblical or historical saints. physician” Paul’s Why is he included here? companion mentioned in Colossians chap. 4 verse11 Two Kempe wheatsheaves and 2nd Timothy chap. 4 in the towers. verse 10. Although Luke’s gospel has much in common with Matthew and Mark, he alone records the Annunciation, the Magnificat, the visit of the shepherds to the stable, and meal in Emmaus (shown in the window to the left).

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North Aisle St Alban Caritas The first English Martyr

The figure of Charity Alban was a pagan in (Caritas) is depicted Verulamium, (modern St. carrying a banner with the Albans), some say a Roman words from 1st Corinthians solider. During the persecution Chapter 13 of Christians under Emperor “And now abideth Faith Diocletian in the third century Hope and Love” he gave sanctuary to a fugitive priest. He was so impressed - perhaps the best loved by the priest’s faith that he words in all of St Paul’s became a Christian and was writing. baptised. He then wore the priest’s cloak Under the window: and was arrested. He refused This window was erected by to sacrifice to the pagan gods the women of St. and condemned to death. The Augustine’s in loving soldier executioner was so memory of Caroline Emma moved by his courage during May Mitchell wife of the first his flogging that he too Vicar of this church in became a Christian and was beheaded. The priest was grateful recognition of her stoned to death in Redbourn. work in the parish for 22 years 1898 - 1920 Feast day: 22nd June Died 14th July 1920 “Her spirit changed its house”

Kempe’s Wonderful Windows page 9 St. Ethelburga St. Hilda Abbess of Barking Died in 676. Perhaps the best known of Earconwald Bishop of the British saints, men or London founded two double women. monasteries (i.e. parallel She was a niece of King houses for men and Edwin, grew up as a pagan women). He put his sister was then baptised in 627 at Ethelburga in charge of the the age of 13 by Paulinus, double house at Barking. Archbishop of York. She was “a devout Mother In 648 she became a nun in of this God-fearing the Abbey of Celles, near community”. In the window Paris. A year later Aidan she carries a Bishop’s made her Abbess of pastoral staff, symbolising Hartlepool. In 659 she her authority. founded a double Feast day 7th July monastery at Streaneshalgh – the modern day Whitby. Giving thanks to God for the She was host to the Synod dear memory of William of Whitby in 664, called to Smith who entered into rest decide whether the church 20th January 1901 aged 78 in Britain would follow the and of Louisa his wife who Celtic or Roman authority, entered into rest 28th Hilda and Aidan defended February 1907 aged 82. the Celtic customs but were Their children dedicate the on the losing side. four windows of this aisle. (i.e. Saints Ethelburga, Feast day 17th November Hilda, Aidan and Oswald)

Kempe’s Wonderful Windows page 10 In the Hall North side St. Aidan St. Oswald King and Martyr 605 – 642. Aidan was a monk in the “He ruled the people of Abbey of Iona. Northumbria with In 633 King Oswald of outstanding devotion; his Northumbria invited him to Christian piety has won him become Bishop of an everlasting kingdom” Lindisfarne. Aidan was not fluent in Few warrior kings are saints English and so King Oswald but Oswald is remembered himself often acted as his for his defence of Christian interpreter. Northumbria He fled to Iona when his father died and Bede writes: was succeeded by pagan “He loved to give away to kings. There he was the poor, whom he chanced converted by Columba and to meet whatever he throughout his life kept the received from the King or Celtic customs. When he wealthy folk. If wealthy became King in 633 he people did wrong he never invited Aidan to become kept silent out of respect or Bishop of Lindisfarne, and fear, but corrected them these two together worked outspokenly.” for the conversion of all He died of grief in 651 on England. He completed the hearing the news of King building of York Minster in Oswin’s murder. stone. Feast Day 31st August. Feast Day 5th August

Kempe’s Wonderful Windows page 11 South Aisle Sir Galahad St. Cecilia There are no reliable According to the Arthurian records of such a person. legends Galahad was one Stories grew up about a of the knights of the Round Cecilia who converted her Table. He is said to have pagan husband the succeeded in the quest for Emperor Valerian, (253 – the Holy Grail, but when he 260), and a tomb in saw it he died in ecstasy. Proetextalus became venerated. Pope Paschal His banner says: moved the body in the tomb “His strength was as the to Rome in the ninth century. strength of ten because his Here as usual she is heart was pure” depicted with an organ. She On his shield: has become the patron “Ave Maria “ saint of musicians. “Braticordo Mundo.” Her banner says; “How glorious is the kingdom where the saints Remember ye Stanley rejoice with Christ” Cross Phillips Lieutenant nd Feast day 22 November. Yorks and Lancashire Regiment – who was killed In thankfulness to God for in action – 15th September the tender memory of a 1915 aged 26 dear sister Agnes to whose memory this Hammond who fell asleep window is dedicated. 8th October 1917 this window is dedicated.

Kempe’s Wonderful Windows page 12 John Wycliffe In the Hall South side 1329 - 1384 King Alfred “The morning star of the 849 – 901 Reformation” He became king in 871 and established the regular Wycliffe started many of the militia and navy to defend ideas which fuelled the the Anglo Saxon kingdom reformation in Britain and against the Danish invaders. elsewhere in Europe. He He is said to have began to translate the Bible translated some Psalms into English, though it was and key Latin texts into 150 years later before a full English. English Bible was published. He wrote “Only the Bible is On the wall between a sure source of authority”. Wycliffe and the South Door He opposed the claims of the Pope and condemned For the adornment of this the worship of saints, House of God and in sweet pilgrimages and memory of their mother transubstantiation. Jane Hammond who fell th asleep 17 Feb 1905 aged He was condemned at the 87, and of their eldest sister Blackfriars Council in 1382 Elizabeth Lockwood and executed. Hammond who fell asleep th In 1428 his bones were dug 19 May 1880 aged 35 up and burned together with years , Agnes and Jane his books. Hammond have dedicated these two windows.. Feast Day 31st December

Kempe’s Wonderful Windows page 13 Currently stored in the Tower King Edward VI St. Anselm 1537 - 1553 Archbishop of Canterbury. The son of King Henry VIII A Doctor of the Church. and Jane Seymour. Anselm was born in Aosta in Italy. He became a monk He became King in 1547 in 1060 under Lanfranc in aged 10 at a critical moment the Abbey of Bec, for the Church of England. Normandy, and later Abbott. Archbishop Thomas In 1089 he was appointed Cranmer was a major Archbishop of Canterbury influence on Edward. During but refused to accept the his reign Cranmer ordered Pallium, (the insignia of the abolition of many office), from King Rufus, Church ceremonies: stating that secular officers -only two candles should have no rights over -a Bible in every church the church. He spent most -the Epistle and Gospel of his time as Archbishop in to be read in English exile, developing powerful -communion to be given theological ideas about the in both kinds superiority of pure reason -all images be abolished. over scripture. In Edward’s reign the first st Feast day 21 April. and second Books of This window was originally Common Prayer were where now there is the door published, perhaps the most from the porch to the church, protestant Prayer Books. and put in storage when the This window is also stored church was divided in 1972. in the church tower

Kempe’s Wonderful Windows page 14 In the Kitchen St. Ursula. The Windows’ History.

There is no evidence for 1901 1909 Ursula. The earliest The whole East window is King Alfred and King reference to this saint name dedicated to Dr William Edward VI in the South aisle; th occurs in the 4 century in Fisher Favell, who was paid for by the Men’s Social th Cologne. In the 9 century Vicar of St. Mark’s Broomhill, Club and the Sunday she is listed under those Archdeacon of Sheffield and School respectively. martyred by the Emperor the prime mover in the th Maximian. By the 12 creation of the parish of St. 1912 century the story settled Augustine in 1898. St Ursula, now in the down to be about a British There are seven Kempe kitchen, in memory of princess named Ursula who wheatsheaves in the centre Emelie Boote made a pilgrimage to Rome, and right side windows. accompanied by 11,000 1917 virgins. On their return they The later windows all have St Cecilia, in memory of were all martyred by the the Kempe Tower logo Agnes Hammond, and Sir Huns in Cologne. Galahad in memory of 1908 Stanley Cross Philip; both in Feast Day 21st October. Four windows to English the South Aisle. saints in the North aisle, in A D G and to the cherished memory of William and 1923 memory of Emelia A. Boote Louise Smith Caritas, in memory of this window is erected by Wycliffe and St. Anselm in Caroline Emma May her husband the South aisle, the former Mitchell, and St. Alban in “Her spirit changed its in memory of Jane and memory of Capt John st house 21 February 1911” Elizabeth Hammond. Rogers, both in the North Aisle.

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