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The Value of Books

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The Value of Books The Value of Books: The York Minster Library as a social arena for commodity exchange. Master’s thesis, 60 credits, Spring 2018 Author: Luke Kelly Supervisor: Gudrun Andersson Seminar chair: Dag Lindström Date: 12/01/2018 HISTORISKA INSTITUTIONEN It would be the height of ignorance, and a great irony, if within a work focused on the donations of books, that the author fails to acknowledge and thank those who assisted in its production. Having been distant from both Uppsala and close friends whilst writing this thesis, (and missing dearly the chances to talk to others in person), it goes without saying that this work would not be possible if I had not had the support of many generous and wonderful people. Although to attempt to thank all those who assisted would, I am sure, fail to acknowledge everyone, a few names should be highlighted: Firstly, thank you to all of my fellow EMS students – the time spent in conversation over coffees shaped more of this thesis than you would ever realise. Secondly, to Steven Newman and all in the York Minster Library – without your direction and encouragement I would have failed to start, let alone finish, this thesis. Thirdly, to all members of History Node, especially Mikael Alm – the continued enthusiasm felt from you all reaches further than you know. Fourthly, to my family and closest – thank you for supporting (and proof reading, Maja Drakenberg) me throughout this process. Any success of the work can be attributed to your assistance. Finally, to Gudrun Andersson – thank you for offering guidance and support throughout this thesis’ production. Without the check-ins and words of encouragement and advise, the thesis would still be a pile of unorganised notes and ideas. ii Contents: Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................ i Turning a new page on perspective of value: ........................................................................................... 1 The Value of the Thesis .......................................................................................................................... 2 The Value of Books: the absence of books as gifts in Early Modern studies ..................................... 3 The York Minster Library as a social arena and its community ....................................................... 6 The Creed of gifts: the ‘rules’ of gift exchange. ......................................................................................... 9 Objects as commodities and forms of exchange. ........................................................................................... 9 Gift exchange as an economic mechanism. ....................................................................................... 11 Christian Charity and Gift Giving. ...................................................................................................... 16 Reciprocal pathways: following the rules specific to books. ........................................................... 19 Setting the example: the Liber Donorum as a historical source. .................................................................. 21 The usefulness of the Liber Donorum as an historical source. .......................................................... 23 ‘An immense variety of Literary furniture’: Genres and Subjects found in the Liber Donorum. ...... 25 Making sense of the Titles and Genres. ............................................................................................. 27 The community in its entirety: 1685 to 1858 ..................................................................................... 27 Three time-periods within one: ........................................................................................................... 33 The first leaves of the Liber Donorum: 1685 to 1726 ................................................................. 33 Following trends, with slight variation, 1727 to 1800; ................................................................. 35 Filling all shelves, 1801 to 1858: ...................................................................................................... 37 The shifting contexts of the library: 1685 to 1858 ....................................................................... 38 Context integrated within the proposed model: ........................................................................... 39 Identifying the generous giver(s): ............................................................................................................. 41 Frances Matthews, and other of Women of Example. ...................................................................... 43 Authorship and publishing power. ...................................................................................................... 49 Their presence illuminating the library: The Markham family. ....................................................... 52 A crowd setting the example and reaping the rewards: ......................................................................... 57 To personify a benefactor. ........................................................................................................................ 58 ‘Illustrious personages and other patrons of the polite arts’: Identifying particular donators and moments of reciprocation. ................................................................................................................... 58 Burgh's poetic ending. ........................................................................................................................... 59 Opening a door: James Backhouse ..................................................................................................... 61 Keeping a door ajar: H G Knight........................................................................................................ 63 Entering the libraries community: William Gray, Esq ..................................................................... 65 The Nature of Dr A Hunter. ................................................................................................................. 67 William Calvert’s Canon works............................................................................................................ 70 i To illuminate a community ....................................................................................................................... 73 Did books inspire gratitude and reciprocation? ................................................................................ 73 Past present(s) and future (research): ...................................................................................................... 75 This model's application in future research. ...................................................................................... 75 Appendix A: ................................................................................................................................................ 77 Appendix B: ................................................................................................................................................ 84 Bibliography: ............................................................................................................................................. 137 Primary documents: ............................................................................................................................. 137 Articles: .................................................................................................................................................. 137 Books: .................................................................................................................................................... 139 Reference:.............................................................................................................................................. 140 Online articles: ...................................................................................................................................... 141 ii Foreword To the present-day reader texts are widely available. However, to the early modern reader this access was limited. While book ownership increased in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was not universal – even libraries were both limited in their collections and exclusive to the communities they served. Libraries were to be found all over Early Modern England, from city libraries to town subscription libraries. One could gain access to books but these collections were often rather limited in the variety and number of books they offered. Undoubtedly many libraries purchased books for their collections, but frequently books were also given to them by benefactors. One fine example of a community library which reflects its readers and members is the library of St Peter’s Cathedral, York Minster. York Minister library owes its existence to traceable benefactors and donations. One could study the collection to give an insight into reading practices and interests of the Early Modern Period. But in doing so we fall foul of becoming static and failing to develop the historiography of Book History. Instead, we can re-evaluate this collection by drawing from the old focus of genres but shifting this focus and approach the collection from a different path: a material path. These books resonate value. Not solely due to their genres and subject
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