RESEARCH/RESEARCHERS M. Dresselhaus Receives National

RESEARCH/RESEARCHERS

M. Dresselhaus Receives National Medal of Science Physicist Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Insti- tute Professor of the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology (MIT), recéived the 1990 National Medal of Science in honor of her work with the electronic characteristics of metals and semimetals, and with science opportunities for women. Président George Bush presented the award at the White House in a ceremony for 30 scientists and engineers last November. Dresselhaus's field has been solid state physics with a focus on structure-property relations in electronic materials. Recently she has concentrated on graphite intercala- tion compounds, graphite fibers, and the modification of electronic materials by in- tercalation and implantation. Dresselhaus is also nationally known for her work in developing wider opportunities for women in science and engineering. The National Medal of Science was es- tablished by Congress in 1959 to recognize scientists and engineers for their outstand- MIT Institute Professor Mildred S. Dresselhaus receives the National Medal of Science from ing contributions to improving the well- Président Bush, with Mrs. Bush looking on. Prof. Dresselhaus was çited for her research in the being of the United States through the electronic properties of metals and semimetals andforher work in developing wider opportunities development or application of technology for women in science and engineering. or the establishment of a technologically trained work force. In his remarks, Bush said, "Many of today's honorées serve as prime examples of how we can effectively translate science into basic technology. I think of Millie Dres selhaus, arguably the most important, prominent physicist and engineer of her génération, whose hard work helped to 1990 National Medal revolutionize semiconductors." of Science Récipients Dresselhaus, who has been associated Baruj Benacerraf, Dana-Farber Cancer Robert V. Pound, Harvard University with MIT since 1960, holds faculty appoint- Institute R.D. Revelle, University of California ments in both the electrical engineering Elkan R. Blout, Harvard School of John D. Roberts, California Institute of and computer science départaient and the Public Health Technology physics départaient. She was elected to Herbert W. Boyer, University of Patrick Suppes, Stanford University California E. Donnai! Thomas, Fred Hutchinson serve as an MRS councillor for terms be- Cancer Research Center ginning in 1985 and 1990, and has also George F. Carrier, Harvard University served MRS as a principal editor for fourmi Allan M. Cormack, Tufts University Mildred S. Dresselhaus, 1990 National Medal of Materials Research and as a symposium Massachusetts Institute of of Technology Récipients organizer. Technology Karl Folkers, University of Texas John V. Atanasof f, Iowa State Nick Holonyak Jr., University of University Sandia Implements Massively Illinois Marvin Camras, Illinois Institute of Parallel Computing Leonid Hurwicz, University of Technology Minnesota DuPont Company, E.I. du Pont de By shifting from sériai to parallel Com Nemours & Co. puting, Sandia National Laboratories will Stephen C. Kleene, University of Wisconsin Donald Frey, Northwestern University iackle many problems not practical previ- Fred W. Garry, General Electric Co. ously. Daniel E. Koshland Jr., University of California, Berkeley Wilson Greatbatch, Wilson Massive parallelism employs a thousand Edward B. Lewis, California Institute Greatbatch, Ltd. or more computer processors working in of Technology Jack St. Clair Kilby, Texas Instruments parallel to solve large and complex prob John McCarthy, Stanford University John S. Mayo, AT&T Bell Laboratories lems very rapidly in pièces, rather than at- Edwin M. McMillan, University of Gordon Moore, Intel tacking large parts one at a time, as do California David B. PalI, Pall Corporation sériai processing methods. Solutions are David G. Nathan, Children's Hospital, Chauncey Starr, Electnc Power obtainëd with parallel Computing up to Boston Research Institute one hundred rimes more quickly than with

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conventional vector supercomputers. New Paint Useful in Space, The Sandia team is particularly enthusi- on Earth astic about using massively parallel proc- A new coating designed to protect essing in computer graphies. The team has équipaient and craf t in space may also be a achieved, for example, three-dimensional superior housepaint. animated close-ups of micrometeoroids Equipment in space is of ten coated white striking débris shields and superstruc CVDGASES to reflect heat radiation that otherwise can tures, whose quality competes with photo damage components. In rime, however, as graphie images of similar events created in this coating is exposed to high-intensity ul the laboratoiy. traviolet light, the électrons and protons of Sandia's list of current massively parallel the solar wind, and chemically active Computing projects includes: atomic oxygen found in space, the white- • Fast molecular dynamics simulations of ness yellows, lowering its reflective ability. atomic Systems with a few thousand at- The new white, aluminum doped, zinc- oms. The work has shown parallel ma oxide compound, originally developed at chines are also compétitive for small Alfred University by associate professor of simulations as well. ceramic engineering James Cordaro and • Calculating the electronic structure of gradiiate student Howard Rafla-Yuan, re- solid-state Systems using about 100 atoms. sists yellowing more than previous paints. Thèse simulations are important to surface Thanks to the aluminum component, the science studies, the synthesis of new càta- new compound not only resists yellowing, lysts for industrial processes, and the de but also allows a spacecraft to uniformly DISILANE sign of new compound semiconductor dissipate electrical charges that build from Highest Purity materials. the solar wind. Available, Anywhere • Modeling the effect of meteoroids and To test the new paint, Cordaro is work- orbital space débris on space structures ing with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Ç>1500 ohm-cm) and the resulting damage to shielding and Center to get samples affixed to the Euro- superstructures. pean Retrievable Carrier, scheduled to go Quality Control • Modeling électron beàm microscopy by into orbit in late 1991. He has already sub- Monte Carlo simulation of électron trajec- • 100% GC / MS analysis jected paint samples to 10,000 million rads tories through composite materials. The of radiation in a linear accelerator, a much parallel code runs up to 150 times faster higher level than the amount found in Packaging Options than the vector supercomputer version be- space, resulting in only slight discoloring. cause ail the électron trajectories can be The new material may benefit home- • Any quantité same spec. simulated in parallel. owners in a practical way. A zinc-oxide • Simulation of mass diffusion and ther based paint would be less expensive than • Steel, polished steel mal energy transport by finite élément or aluminum cylinders one with titanium dioxide, a common methods. component for white paint. Also, the new • Development of advanced parallel tech paint is a naturai fungiride with increased • Pneumatic valves for niques to solve nonsymmetric Systems of fail-safe gas supply résistance to mildew. Cordaro also hopes équations and time-depehdent partial dif- to test the new coating in space for durabil- • Optional flow restrictor ferential équations for applications of semi ity and résistance to the chalking and fad- conductor device modeling and fluid for added safety ing that occur in conventional house paints dynamics. in sunlight. • "Keyed" VCR outlet for • Représentation of rarefied gas flow The International Lead-Zinc Research UHV connection to around space vehicles by Monte Carlo sim Organization, a consortium of zinc manu ulation of the molecular collisions and facturer and miners, has so far committed System chemistry occurring in the upper atmo $150,000 to the research project in order to sphère. develop à commercially viable product. Also of Interest • Judging the fit of molécules for use as Cordaro is also working with the Inter • Diborane catalysts, such as for processing coal slur- national Copper Association on a black ries into liquid fuels or for removing carbon coating which uses copper. The black coat • Trimethylboron dioxide from exhausts. ing may also hâve applications in space. • Germane The processing has been carried out by For example, it may be used to paint the • Digermane two massively parallel "hypercube" super inside of a space télescope where reflec- • AH mixtures computers and a 16,384-processor Con tions must be eliminated. nection Machine. Sandia has both multiple-instruction/multiple-dàta (MTMD) and single-instruction/multiple- Voltcûxjnc. data (SIMD) computer types for différent P.O. Box 5357, 197 Meister Ave. styles of problem development. N. Branch, New Jersey 08876 Téléphone: (201) 231-9060 Télex: 9102500134 VoltaixUQ

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tween researchers and hands-on engi- putting enough emphasis on the technol R&D Cuts May Harm neers "poor." ogy needed to propel the mining industry U.S. Mining Industry "The technology in use today was al- successfully into the 21st century," Beebe The U.S. mining industry may lose its ready on the shelf by the late 1950s," said warns. compétitive edge because of a steep dé Ray Beebe, senior vice président of Ho- The report specifically recommends re cline in its R&D effort, according to récent mestake Mining Co. (San Francisco) and search and funding priorities for the fol- findings by a committee of the National Re vice chair of the NRC's Committee on lowing areas: search Council (NRC). NewsReport, a Competitiveness of the U.S. Minerais and • Geo-sensing, a highly sophisticated monthly NRC publication, published the Metals Industry. "What we don't hâve and technology for predicting variations in ore, report, showing that expendirures for in truly need is an ongoing stream of technol indiçating faults, and guiding mining op ternai and contracted R&D in the mining ogy in the pipeline." érations with précision. industry declined from $133.5 million in The mining industry was healthy and • Safety, by developing means of rock ex 1980 to $22.5 million in 1988. growing until the 1970s when the Vietnam traction without explosives, and through Furthermore, the committee found a dis- War ended and the oil crisis hit, the greater emphasis on automation and ro- turbing décline in both the number of stu- NewsReport article said. Since then, the in botics. dents attracted to mining engineering, and dustry has scaled back considerably with • Coopération, including consortia be- the number of mining engineering pro an ensuing décline in R&D. The committee tween the mining industry and universi grams offered by schools. Twenty such also pointed out that while materials re tés and other researchers to pursue programs are left of the 26 existing in 1980. search and development has increased for technologies otherwise too complex, risky, Of the 20, several are in jeopardy because other industries, there is a need for a com- or expensive to research alone. Such part- of low enrollments and waning program bined governmental, industrial, and aca nerships coùld also help attract new stu- budgets. démie program to integrate and intensify dents into the field. mining and minerais R&D. The report, which focused on the steel, From: NewsReport XXXX (10) (1990) p. 2. aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc sectors, While récent years hâve been profitable called current research "insufficiently in the mining industry, paralleling the gên imaginative," and communication be- erai économie upswing, "We simply aren't

/ needed...

... a Research Grade FTIR Spectrometer System to characterize the optical output ofour semiconductor and fiber optic lasers. I needed a spectrometer with a combination of high resolution and wide spectral range especially for the visible and NIR. The Bomem DA8 is particularly easy to use in thèse régions. We use it also to characterize the spectral output ofpulsed lasers at various lasing times of onset, down to 500 nsec time resolution.

'Patented automatic dynamic alignment *Flexible, multi-purpose, multi-user 'True vacuum opération "Vax host computer 'Wide spectral and resolution ranges BOMEM Hartmann & Braun 450 Si. Iean-Baplisle, Qgébec (Québec) Canada C2E 5S5, Tel.: (418) 877-2944, Fax:(418)877-2834 SEE US AT THE PITTSBURGH CONFERENCE, U.S.A.: 1-800-888-FTIR Europe: 31 3465 62773 Chicago, II. March 4-7,1991

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New Technology Developed for Containerless High Température Materials Processing Aerodynamic-acoustic lévitation has made containerless processing of almost any liquid possible, the process came from joint research by Containerless Processing, Inc. (CPInc) and Intersonics, Incorporated (ÎSI), both of Northbrook, Minois. The process achieves stable lévitation of laser-heated solids and liquids at very high températures. Successful positioning of liquid aluminum oxide (A12Ô3) at tempéra tures exceeding 2600 K has been demonstrated in the ISI Iaboratory. Containerless conditions allow deep undercooling of a melt so homogenous nucleation prédominâtes. An advantage of undercooling is the ability to synthesize glass and amorphous materials before crystallization occurs. This capability is possible with containerless processing, since container-induced heterogeneous nucleation is reduced. A mixture such as calcia, gallia, and silica, a known reluctant glass-former, produces a glass by the con tainerless method when processed at over 1750 K. This processing technique has applica tions in the synthesis and melt processing of metals, alloys, ceramics, glasses, semiconductors, superconductors, and other materials. The open architecture provided by this technique allows easy optical and End concerns about accurate data physical access to the sample during ail collection with the Janis Research Super- stages of processing. This allows considér conducting Parallel Field Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. This PC compatible, soft able flexibility for unique processing appli ware driven System allows you to preset ail cations such as crystal growth, fiber parameters, and collect data automatically: pulling, and production of very fine- magnetization, field and température grained ceramics. sweep, critical current densities of High Te materials, hystérésis loop, Superclean Coal Burning MAGNETOMETRY magnetic moment, etc. The System includes a stainless Reduces Greenhouse Gases MEASUREMENT steel hélium dewar; SuperVariTemp Scientists hâve finished a 240-hour test cryostat, 5-12Teslamagnet, highsensi- run as part of a process to produce a super tivity pickup coils, VSM drive head and clean, low greenhouse gas-emitting tech- electronics console with programmable nology for generating electricity from coal. WITHOUT power supply and température controller. The tests, run with high-sulfur coal at the Stop wasting time on manual set University of Tennessee Space Institute, a COMPROMISE up and data collection. Department of Energy-funded test facility, For more information on the Janis hâve shown promise for greatly improved Parallel Field VSM model 4500/150A, power plant efficiency and réduction of write or calltoday: pollutants, including up to 42% less carbon JANIS RESEARCH COMPANY, Inc., dioxide compared to conventional. About J A N I S 2 Jewel Drive, P.O. Box 696, Wilmington, 95% of sulfur pollutants were also cap- MA 01887-0696, TEL: (508) 657-8750, tured, and nitrogen oxide and particulates FAX: (508) 658-0349, TELEX: 200079. were held to well below the amount al- Circle No. 9 on Reader Service Card. lowed by today's air quality standards. The "ultraclean" magnetohydrody- namic (MHD) technology burns coal near 4800°F in an electrically conducting plasma that is channeled through a mag-

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netic field, thus producing electricity. Heat Cérémonies Mark Opening of ogy. Roy said that Japan's cultural héritage from the process is also converted to elec Kanagawa Science Park of coopération ironically had helped Japa tricity by producing steam force. Another nese industry defeat competitively based The Kanagawa Science Park (KSP) out- key objective of the tests was to détermine Western technology. side of Tokyo celebrated its opening with the most suitable construction materials to an international set of speakers on October use with the extremely hot, potentially cor- 24, 1990. The Science Park is set in Kana Nicholas A. Peppas Receives rosive gases in an MHD System. gawa Préfecture (province), home to an ar- Pharmaceutical Récognition ray of major Japanese firms accounting for Nicholas A. Peppas, professor of chemi- High Tc Transistor Shows 1% of the gross world's product. cal engineering at Purdue University, was Promise in Electronic Circuits KSP consists of an incubator center, an elected a Fellow of the American Associa A "superconducting flux flow transis innovation center, including R&D and pro tion of Pharmaceutical Scientists. He was tor" (SFFT), a récent development of high totype design labs, and an R&D business recognized as a "distinguished member Tc superconducting materials promises in park. Thèse facilities are in an urban set- who is an acknowledged leader and out- tégration between existing semiconductor ting with about 1,500,000 square feet of standing contributor to the pharmaceutical and low-temperature superconducting space, including laboratories, a hôtel and sciences." electronics. conférence center. KSP broke ground in A major portion of Peppas' research ad- The SFFT, developed jointly by scientists 1987 and began opération about a year ago. dresses the use of polymers in pharmaceu and engineers at Sandia National Labora S. Hirata, chairman of the Japan Devel tical applications, more specifically, surface tories and the University of Wisconsin is opment Bank, Gavril Popov, mayor of modification for improved mucoadhesive the first "active" device (one that can pro Moscow, and Rustum Roy, professor of behavior and structural charges for im duce power gain) made entirely from new technology and society at Pennsylvania proved diffusional and release behavior. high Tc superconducting materials. "Pas State University, were featured speakers at He has been at Purdue since 1976 and was sive" devices—inductors and some micro the opening. Rustum Roy's talk, entitled the 1988 président of the Controlled Re wave components such as filters and delay "Japan's Culture to Match Its Technology lease Society. Presently he serves as chair lines—hâve recently been made elsewhere in the XXIst Century," addressed Japan's of the Materials Division of the American from the new materials and are the first successful domination of world technol Institute of Chemical Engineers. commercially available high Tc supercon ducting microelectronics. The best results corne from SFFTs made from thin films of thallium-based super conducting materials. The most widely studied materials in the récent pursuit for high Tc superconductor applications hâve been based on yttrium. The thallium- based transistor can serve as an interface between conventional, low-temperature Screening System Now superconducting electronics, which usually operate at a liquid-helium température in Kit Form of 4 K, and semiconductor electronics. Lake Shore's Model 750SCK Noncontact In addition, circuitry based on the SFFT to date includes amplifiers, oscillators, Superconductor Rapid Screening System Kit can phase shifters, and mixers—essential com be Adapted to Your Existing Cryogénie System. ponents of electronic communications and signal processing technology. Microwave • Adaptable to existing closed cycle réfrigération, liquid amplifiers built with the SFFT show a gain cryogen dewar, or continuous flow cryogen Systems. of 10 dB at 4 GHz, and SFFT mixers (de- • Because electrical contacts to the sample are not vices that combine frequencies to generate a différent output frequency) hâve oper- required, the sensitive surface of the superconductor is ated at 35 GHz. not modifiée!. No significant sample préparation tirne is Further research will be undertaken to needed—just mount the sample(s) and run the test. develop the technology around the SFFT • Includes "Super 7500"-control, data acquisition and plot for a family of applications including both ting software (IBM XT/AT compatible). active and passive components. Paul Peercy, manager of Sandia's Compound For more information, call or write for Semiconductor and Device Research De our technical brochure. partment, says the SFFT and associated circuitry now being developed hâve out- standing promise. "We hâve demonstrated ILakeShore a set of circuits based on the SFFT that al- IciroriONics, INC. lows us to do a wide variety of signal proc essing directly with high Tc integrated 64 E. Walnut St., Westerville, OH 43081 USA circuits without the need for external cir Tel: 614-891-2243 • Télex: 24-5415 CRYOTRON WTVL • FAX: 614-891-1392 cuitry of any kind."

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The American Institute of Physics' most throughout the two-day program. During Neptune. Présentations on nonlinear proc récent annual Corporate Associates meet the same cérémonies, the AIP Science esses (D. Campbell, Los Alamos National ing gave about 130 participants an oppor- Writing Award was presented to Bruce Laboratory), neural networks (J. Hopfield, runity to consider the thème of "Physics: Murray of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Caltech), and the energy industry (V. Du- Emerging Technologies and Technology for his book Joumey into Space. gan, Sandia) rounded out the program. Transfer." The annual meetings, a service Four présentations covered individual Senator Pete V. Domenici (R-NM), un- for the Corporate Associates, usually cover sdentific topics: thin film synthesis and able to attend because of ongoing budget a broad spectrum of science and policy surface modification (J. Gerardo, Sandia); negotiations in Washington, DC, sent a vi- matters and also offer insights into the ac- binary optics (Wilfred Veldkamp, MIT Lin deotape of his address, "The Rôle of the tivities of the host institution. Sandia Na coln Laboratories); strained-layer semicon- National Labs in National Technology tional Laboratories, Albuquerque, New ductor devices (P. Peercy, Sandia); and Transfer." The audience questioned the Mexico, host for this meeting, arranged quantum électron devices (F. Capasso, senator over a live téléphone link. tours of its laboratories working on semi- AT&T Bell Laboratories). Domenid's remarks focused not only on conductor research and processing and Raymond Balcerak of the Défense Ad using the national laboratories to enhance also its major accelerator and weapons ef- vanced Research Projects Agency talked U.S. industrial competitiveness but also on fects facilities. about fostering a compétitive technology the rôle universities might play in this During evening banquet cérémonies, base, and Roland Redington of General process. He conduded by suggesting that Albert Narath, président of Sandia, spoke Electric's R&D Center spoke on médical those in academia do more to direct their on "National Laboratories and Economie electronics. Prof. Edward Stone (Caltech), students toward applied research while at Competitiveness." He talked about tech- newly appointed director of the Jet Propul the university and to encourage them to nology transfer and how industry might sion Laboratory, provided a fascinating de join industry on graduation. The senator capitalize on the national laboratories as a scription of NÀSA's Voyager program and was most open to suggestions from the au resource, a thème that permeated the talks the spacecraft's encounter with the planet dience and encouraged listeners to recom- mend to him potential improvements to recently enacted laws governing the mech- anisms for transferring technology from taxpayer-supported facilities to U.S. indus Trimethylamine:Alane (TMAA) try. In a telling observation about the state of technology transfer in the United States today, Veldkamp said that the relationship between a fédéral laboratory and industry is often ephemeral and that the liaisons which transfer technology can be short- lived and opportunistic. He described this ephemeral process as "mate and die." Al- though the gênerai tone of the meeting re- garding science and technology capabilities available in the United States was positive, the underlying tone concern- TMAA is a new source reagent for growth of AlGaAs ing technology transfer mirrored Veldkamp's critique. • by MOCVD and MOMBE with dramatically reduced carbon and oxygen levels when compared to growth using trialkylaluminums. TMAA is not pyrophoric and its high vapor pressure and low décomposition température allow for high growth rates at a wide Send Bulletin News to: range of températures. Editor, MRS Bulletin Please call us for more information or to discuss your spécifie needs. Materials Research Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. Society Danbury, Connecticut 9800 McKnight Road ATM (203)355-2681 FAX (203) 355-9486 Circle No. 11 on Reader Service Card. Pittsburgh, PA15237

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