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DAVIS-DISSERTATION-2017.Pdf (2.307Mb) TALES OF EXPULSION: REMEMBERING POPULATION TRANSFER IN WEST GERMANY AND THE CZECH LANDS, 1968-1997 A Dissertation by STEVEN B DAVIS ENJAMIN Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Adam R. Seipp Committee Members, Chester S. L. Dunning Stjepan G. Meštrović David Z. Chroust Head of Department, David Vaught May 2017 Major Subject: History Copyright 2017 Steven B. Davis ABSTRACT This dissertation investigates changing memory discourses of the post- World War II (WWII) expulsion of ethnic Germans from Czechoslovakia in late-Cold War Central Europe. By uncovering the grassroots networks of Czech and Sudeten German cooperation in which these discourses evolved I illustrate how this cooperation contributed to German-Czech understanding, after 1989. This dissertation addresses three crucial questions: Firstly, why did revision of the expulsion become an important issue for Czech dissidents and émigré activists across Europe? Secondly, how did the Catholic Sudeten German organization the Ackermann Gemeinde emerge as an important partner for Czech dissidents, ,the underground Czech Catholic, Church, and émigré activists during this period? And thirdly, how did these grassroots cooperations affect public discourse and policy in German-Czech relations after 1989? I argue that the push to reconcile disparate West German and Czechoslovakian narratives of the expulsion and the promotion of a shared cultural heritage illuminates an early process of transnationalizing historical memory and identity that defines more recent discourses of history-writing in Europe in the 21st century. This project explores assertions of a cosmopolitan Central European identity in Czechoslovakia and West Germany that emerged in Czech underground and émigré circles and in prominent sectors of Sudeten Germans in West Germany in the 1970s. Based on archival research and interviews conducted in Germany and ii the Czech Republic, I use this case study to speak to broader currents in the ways Europeans think about identity and history-writing as they deal with histories of conflict and violence on the continent in the context of increasing European integration. iii DEDICATION For Sarah and Sophie. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the support of my committee and all those around me who provided encouragement, support, and guidance throughout the process. First and foremost, I would like to thank my committee chair and mentor, Dr. Adam R. Seipp. He was one of my primary inspirations for taking up graduate studies in history, and his unequivocal support and guidance have helped me in more ways than I can ever express. His keen ability to help me refine raw ideas and mold them into pointed arguments is truly inspiring. I owe so much of the insight in this work to him, and it is with humility that I put my name on it, knowing that without his mentorship this dissertation would be a mere shadow of what it has become. Dr. Stjepan G. Meštrović has been an unwavering rock of support and was always happy to meet over coffee and hash through my findings with inquisitive curiosity. His questions and perspective helped me see the greater sociological forces at play in my research story and their implications, and for that I am truly thankful. Dr. Chester S. L. Dunning has been a bedrock of support from the beginning and always had an open door to discuss my progress and guide me along the process. His guidance and encouragement helped me through the ups and downs and made me an all-around better scholar and person. In addition to his enthusiasm and dedication, Dr. David Z. Chroust provided crucial insight and perspective on Czech history and challenged me to think bigger and consider v sources and storylines I otherwise would not have encountered, and his sharp editorial eye has helped me turn rough drafts into a polished final product. Thank you to all my friends and colleagues in the History Department for making my time here such an enjoyable and rewarding experience, and for ensuring that I had every resource and opportunity available to me through generous funding and unwavering support. I especially want to thank the excellent staff at Evans Library for never failing to track down copies of every rare book, newspaper or journal I ever requested, and for even purchasing them when borrowing was not possible. This institution is truly remarkable. A very special thank you to all those who opened up and shared their personal life stories with me, including Matthias Dörr, Rudolf Kučera, František Miks, Jiří Múller, Petr Pithart, Miroslav Pospíšil, Franz Olbert, Anton Otte, Bernd Posselt, and Wolfgang Stock. The experiences you shared helped immensely in crafting this dissertation, and I hope I have treated them with the respect they deserve. In addition to granting his time for interviews on several occasions, I would like to especially thank Vilém Prečan for his generous support in guiding my research and assisting me in setting up interviews and new contacts. A historian is only as good as their archivists, and I would like to thank Dr. Benita Berning of the Archdiocese Archives in Munich, Dr. Helmut Dimattio of the Bavarian State Archives, Jitka Hanáková at the Czechoslovak Documentation Center, Dr. Eleonora Jeřábková at the Moravian National Museum, and the excellent staffs of the Libri Prohibiti Archive and the archives of the Czechoslovak State vi Security. I also would like to thank Wolfgang Stock for generously loaning me his entire personal archive on the Academia Copernicana. I want to thank my family for their unquestioning support and encouragement over the years as I pursued my degree even when it meant me (and perhaps more importantly, their grandchildren) being absent for weeks and months at a time. Their love has kept me going throughout this process. And finally, to my loving wife, Anne. You quit your job and left home to come across the ocean to help me pursue my dream, then you left it again to go back with me while on research only to return again. Your support has been unwavering through thick and thin, and you have always been understanding, patient, and encouraging even when it meant barely seeing me for days, weeks, and even months. You have been my research assistant, my sounding board, my editor, my rock, and my friend. This would not have been possible without you. vii CONTRIBUTORS AND FUNDING SOURCES This work was supervised by a dissertation committee consisting of Professor Adam R. Seipp (advisor), Professor Chester S. L. Dunning of the Department of History, Professor Stjepan G. Meštrović of the Department of Sociology, and Dr. Daviz Z. Chroust of the Cushing Memorial Library and Archives. All work for the dissertation was completed independently by the student. The research and writing of this dissertation was supported by grants and fellowships from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the U.S. Department of Education, a Murray and Celeste Fasken Graduate Student Research Grant, the Department of History, the College of Liberal Arts, and the Office of Professional and Graduate Studies. The contents of this dissertation are solely the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official views of these institutions. viii ABBREVIATIONS AC Academia Copernicana AG Ackermann Gemeinde BayHStA Bavarian State Archives (Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv) BdV Federation of German Expellees (Bund der Vertriebenen) CC Collegium Carolinum CDU Christian Democratic Union (Christlich Demokratische Union) Charter Charter 77 Council Sudeten German Council (Sudetendeutscher Rat) ČR Czech Republic (Česká republika) ČSDS Czechoslovak Documentation Center (Československé dokumentační středisko) ČSFR Czechoslovak Federative Republic ČSSR Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Czech Mission Czech Catholic Mission in West Germany (Česká misie) Decrees Beneš Decrees EU European Union FDP Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei) IGMF International Society for Human Rights in West Germany JA Junge Aktion JHEF Jan Hus Educational Foundation ix OB Opus Bonum Party Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunistická strana Československa) SDA Sudeten German Archive (Sudetendeutsches Archiv) SL Sudeten German Homeland Association (Sudentendeutsche Landsmannschaft) StB State Security (Státní bezpečnost) Thesis “Thesis on the Deportation of the Czechoslovakian Germans” by Danubius (Ján Mlynárik) WSA Wolfgang Stock Personal Archive WWII World War II ZgV Center Against Expulsions (Zentrum gegen Vertreibung) x TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... v CONTRIBUTORS AND FUNDING SOURCES ............................................................................. viii ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................
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