DOCSLIB.ORG

Importance of the Traditional Land-Use and Land-Tenure Systems of Waraka, Seram Island, Maluku

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Importance of the Traditional Land-Use and Land-Tenure Systems of Waraka, Seram Island, Maluku WORKING PAPER Importance of the traditional land-use and land-tenure systems of Waraka, Seram Island, Maluku Laure Ducos Working Paper 144 Importance of the traditional land-use and land-tenure systems of Waraka, Seram Island, Maluku Laure Ducos Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Working Paper 144 © 2014 Center for International Forestry Research Content in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Ducos L. 2014. Importance of the traditional land-use and land-tenure systems of Waraka, Seram Island, Maluku. Working Paper 144. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. Cover photo by Laure Ducos. Waraka, Seram Island, Maluku, Indonesia CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E [email protected] cifor.org We would like to thank all donors who supported this research through their contributions to the CGIAR Fund. For a list of Fund donors please see: https://www.cgiarfund.org/FundDonors Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of CIFOR, the editors, the authors’ institutions, the financial sponsors or the reviewers. Contents Lists of figures and tables iv Summary v Acknowledgments vi List of abbreviations vii 1 Introduction 1 2 Materials and methods 3 2.1 Field site 3 2.2 Theoretical framework 3 2.3 Literature review 5 2.4 Field data collection 5 2.5 Data analysis 7 3 Results 8 3.1 Land tenure system and rights in Indonesia 8 3.2 Land-use planning in Indonesia 9 3.3 Land-use planning and tenure in Waraka: Two territories with two structures of governance 11 3.4 Governmental spatial planning in Waraka’s adat territory 14 3.5 Traditional land-tenure system 18 3.6 Land use 20 3.7 Actors’ network and factors of changes 27 4 Discussion 33 4.1 Land-tenure security 33 4.2 How to reconcile socioeconomic development and environmental preservation 37 4.3 Practical difficulties and limitations of the study 40 5 Conclusion 41 6 References 42 Appendices 1 Questionnaire for FGD 45 2 Full list of the semi-structured interviews used for the study 48 3 Fact sheet: Waraka’s home-gardens 49 4 Fact sheet: Waraka’s food crop fields 50 5 Non-exhaustive list of vegetables that can be found in Waraka farmers’ food crop fields 51 6 Coconut and cocoa production of Waraka’s community 52 7 The remaining production of rubber in Waraka 53 8 Mixed tree gardens of Waraka: Dusun in the lowlands 54 9 Non-exhaustive list of species found in the traditional mixed forest gardens of Waraka’s community 55 10 Sketch profile of the first 7 km of Waraka territory 56 11 Sago (Metroxylon sagu) production in Waraka 57 12 Albisia priangan Lestari (APL): Private logging company 58 13 The PTP Nusantara XIV: A state-owned cocoa, coconut and rubber company 60 Lists of figures and tables Figures 1 Indonesia and CoLUPSIA sites in Kalimantan and Maluku. 2 2 Seram Island, Moluccas. 3 3 From left to right: Houses of Waraka, the raja with the saniri negeri and a view of the coast. 4 4 Institutional analysis and development framework applied to land-tenure security. 4 5 Participatory mapping during a focus-group discussion with men under 35 years old (left) and with Yan (CoLUPSIA partner), members of the saniri negeri and the raja at Waraka, June 2013. 6 6 Spatial planning system in Indonesia. 10 7 Map of adat and administrative territories. 13 8 Adat structure of Waraka. 14 9 Adminsitrative structure of Waraka. 14 10 RTRW-K (provincial spatial plan) of Center Moluccas 2005–2028. 15 11 Forest land category allocation map for Central Seram (SK 415/Kpts-II/1999). 15 12 Simplified map of land use planning in Waraka’s adat territory. 17 13 Prospecting material for local mining in Waraka. 18 14 Land-use map: part of Waraka territory. 21 15 Slash and burn cultivation in Waraka, from forests to dusun. 24 16 Left: Old aong, at the top of a hill; Right: Aong that will be planted with more fruit trees soon. 24 17 Land-use map - part of Waraka’s adat territory. 28 18 Map of the commercial plantations of PTPN XIV on part of Waraka’s administrative territory. 29 19 Negotiations between the community of Waraka and PTPN XIV. Left: The raja sits between the head of adat and the company’s director. Right: Overview of the meeting, with members of the community in traditional clothes and members of the company in front. 36 20 (a) Logging concession (HPH) overlayed on the Digital Elevation Model based on CoLUPSIA data; (b) Zonation for land allocation using 1:50,000 scale topographic maps by the CoLUPSIA project. 39 Tables 1 Main institutions involved in land-use planning policies in Maluku. 11 2 Mean incomes for staple and non-staple food from the Waraka food crop fields. 20 3 Mean income per household for each main crop in Waraka. 22 4 Mean income by income group across villages (IDR/year). 22 5 Mean household income from forest in pilot 4 (IDR/year). 26 6 Mean households income. 26 Summary In Indonesia, natural resources are under pressure both companies within a dual and uncertain legal from both urban development and commercial framework. The methodology in this study is based exploitation. In Seram Island, Maluku, oil palm on the institutional framework analysis developed by plantations are expanding in the north. In the Ostrom (1994) and a preliminary literature review. south of the island, a State-owned cocoa company It also encompasses qualitative interviews. The and a private logging enterprise are exploiting evolution of the land tenure and land-use systems of the vast territory of Waraka, an ancestral village Waraka is related to the strength of adat’s recognition established on the coast. The set of customary laws and the ability of the raja to conduct deals with and principles of this village, locally called adat, both companies. The study finally discusses the is still powerful and is the basis of the traditional possibilities for all stakeholders to manage the land in land tenure and land-use systems. In order to a more sustainable way through the implementation promote the socioeconomical development of his of a tree-nursery program funded by credit carbons community, the king or raja of Waraka interacts with or the use of reduced impact logging practices. Acknowledgments First of all, I am very grateful to Yves Laumonier for in discussing the methodology and the results of organizing this extremely interesting and educational the study. Thanks also to Popi Astriani and Uceu internship for me, and for his supervision in Unangsih who helped me in all my administrative Indonesia. I would like also to thank Maya Leroy, tasks, and to Danan Hadi for his significant support my supervisor at Agroparistech. in cartography. I would also like to thank Tom Silaya (Pattimura I am very grateful to Juliette Mouche from the University) and Professor Purwanto (LIPI), for French Forestry School, for her support, her useful sharing their experience with me and for helping proofreading and her valuable advice. me to get a better understanding of the situation before and during the fieldwork. I also want to thank Last but not least, I am very grateful to the whole Yan Persulessy (TOMA) for his help in conducting community of Waraka and in particular to: RYB participatory mapping. Particular thanks goes to Lailossa (Bapak Raja) and his wife Ibu Rining (Ibu Merlyn Warere, who accompanied me during the Raja), for their warm welcome; Bapak Oceng’s first two weeks of fieldwork and who helped me to family, who hosted me for two months; Bu Yoksan, introduce myself to the community. for helping me with my fieldwork; Ibu Nona’s family for their friendship; and everyone from Waititai, I want to give a warm thank you to Nining Liswanti and the surrounding neighborhood for sharing and Emily Fripp who carried out the socioeconomic their knowledge. I had an amazing work and social survey in Seram, for their patience and their kindness experience thanks to all of these people. List of abbreviations APL Areal Penggunaan Lain – other land-use BAL or UUPA Undang Undang Pokok Agraria – Basic Agrarian Law (1960) BAPPEDA Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah – Provincial Development Planning Agencies BAPPENAS Badan Perencana Pembangunan Nasional – National Development Planning Agency BFL Basic Forestry Law BKPH Badan Kemantapan Kawasan Hutan – Forest Mapping Agency BKPRD Badan Koordinasi Penataan Ruang Daerah – Coordinating Board for Regional Spatial Planning BKPRN Badan Koordinasi Penataan Ruang Nasional – Coordinating Board for National Spatial Use Management BUMN Badan Usaha Milik Negara – State-owned company CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CIRAD French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development CoLUPSIA Collaborative land use planning and sustainable institutional arrangements for strengthening land tenure, forest and community rights in Indonesia DPRD Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah – Provincial House of Representatives FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations HGU Hak Guna Usaha – right of exploitation (concession) HPH/IUPHHK-HA Hak Pengusahaan Hutan / Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu – right of forest use (concession) IUPK Ijin Usaha Penebangan Kayu – permit for wood exploitation KAPET Strategic investment plan of Seram Island HL Hutan Lindung – protected forest HP Hutan Produksi – production forest HPT Hutan Produksi Terbatas – limited production forest HTI Hutan Tanaman Industri – industrial forest plantation IRD Research
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Use of Theses
    THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. Language in a Fijian Village An Ethnolinguistic Study Annette Schmidt A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University. September 1988 ABSTRACT This thesis investigates sociolinguistic variation in the Fijian village of Waitabu. The aim is to investigate how particular uses, functions and varieties of language relate to social patterns and modes of interaction. ·The investigation focuses on the various ways of speaking which characterise the Waitabu repertoire, and attempts to explicate basic sociolinguistic principles and norms for contextually­ appropriate behaviour.The general purpose is to explicate what the outsider needs to know to communicate appropriately in Waitabu community. Chapter one discusses relevant literature and the theoretical perspective of the thesis. I also detail the fieldwork setting, problems and restrictions, and thesis plan. Chapter two provides the necessary background information to this study, describing the geographical, demographical and sociohistorical setting. Description is given of the contemporary language situation, structure of Fijian (Bouma dialect), and Waitabu social structure and organisation. In Chapter 3, the kinship system which lies at the heart of Waitabu social organisation, and kin-based sociolinguistic roles are analysed. This chapter gives detailed description of the kin categories and the established modes of sociolinguistic behaviour which are associated with various kin-based social identities.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang Finderlist
    A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang finderlist PacificLinguistics REFERENCE COpy Not to be removed Baxter, A.N. and De Silva, P. A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) English. PL-564, xxii + 151 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2005. DOI:10.15144/PL-564.cover ©2005 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics 564 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: John Bowden, Malcolm Ross and Darrell Tryon (Managing Editors), I Wayan Arka, Bethwyn Evans, David Nash, Andrew Pawley, Paul Sidwell, Jane Simpson EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Karen Adams, Arizona State University Lillian Huang, National Taiwan Normal Peter Austin, School of Oriental and African University Studies
    [Show full text]
  • Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures
    ( J WORKPAPERS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES VOLUME 6 - MALUKU ,. PATTIMURA UNIVERSITY and THE SUMMER INSTITUTE OP LINGUISTICS in cooperation with THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE WORKPAPERS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES VOLUME 6 - MALUKU Nyn D. Laidig, Edi tor PAT'I'IMORA tJlflVERSITY and THE SUMMER IRSTlTUTK OP LIRGOISTICS in cooperation with 'l'BB DBPAR".l'MElI'1' 01' BDUCATIOII ARD CULTURE Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and cultures Volume 6 Maluku Wyn D. Laidig, Editor Printed 1989 Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia Copies of this publication may be obtained from Summer Institute of Linguistics Kotak Pos 51 Ambon, Maluku 97001 Indonesia Microfiche copies of this and other publications of the Summer Institute of Linguistics may be obtained from Academic Book Center Summer Institute of Linguistics 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road l Dallas, TX 75236 U.S.A. ii PRAKATA Dengan mengucap syukur kepada Tuhan yang Masa Esa, kami menyambut dengan gembira penerbitan buku Workpapers in Indonesian Languages , and Cultures. Penerbitan ini menunjukkan adanya suatu kerjasama yang baik antara Universitas Pattimura deng~n Summer Institute of Linguistics; Maluku . Buku ini merupakan wujud nyata peran serta para anggota SIL dalam membantu masyarakat umumnya dan masyarakat pedesaan khususnya Diharapkan dengan terbitnya buku ini akan dapat membantu masyarakat khususnya di pedesaan, dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan prestasi mereka sesuai dengan bidang mereka masing-masing. Dengan adanya penerbitan ini, kiranya dapat merangsang munculnya penulis-penulis yang lain yang dapat menyumbangkan pengetahuannya yang berguna bagi kita dan generasi-generasi yang akan datang. Kami ucapkan ' terima kasih kepada para anggota SIL yang telah berupaya sehingga bisa diterbitkannya buku ini Akhir kat a kami ucapkan selamat membaca kepada masyarakat yang mau memiliki buku ini.
    [Show full text]
  • Word-Prosodic Systems of Raja Ampat Languages
    Word-prosodic systems of Raja Ampat languages PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Dr. D.D. Breimer, hoogleraar in de faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen en die der Geneeskunde, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 9 januari 2002 te klokke 15.15 uur door ALBERT CLEMENTINA LUDOVICUS REMIJSEN geboren te Merksem (België) in 1974 Promotiecommissie promotores: Prof. Dr. V.J.J.P. van Heuven Prof. Dr. W.A.L. Stokhof referent: Dr. A.C. Cohn, Cornell University overige leden: Prof. Dr. T.C. Schadeberg Prof. Dr. H. Steinhauer Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6006 Trans 10 fax: +31 30 253 6000 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.let.uu.nl/LOT/ Cover illustration: Part of the village Fafanlap (Misool, Raja Ampat archipelago, Indonesia) in the evening light. Photo by Bert Remijsen (February 2000). ISBN 90-76864-09-8 NUGI 941 Copyright © 2001 by Albert C.L. Remijsen. All rights reserved. This book is dedicated to Lex van der Leeden (1922-2001), with friendship and admiration Table of contents Acknowledgements vii Transcription and abbreviations ix 1 Introduction 1 2 The languages of the Raja Ampat archipelago 5 2.1. About this chapter 5 2.2. Background 6 2.2.1. The Austronesian and the Papuan languages, and their origins 6 2.2.2. The South Halmahera-West New Guinea subgroup of Austronesian 8 2.2.2.1. In general 8 2.2.2.2. Within the South Halmahera-West New Guinea (SHWNG) subgroup 9 2.2.2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • M. Chlenov Cultural Vocabulary As an Indicator of Interethnic Relations: Eastern Indonesian Evidence
    M. Chlenov Cultural vocabulary as an indicator of interethnic relations: Eastern Indonesian evidence In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 136 (1980), no: 4, Leiden, 426-439 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 04:50:37PM via free access M. A. CHLENOV CULTURAL VOCABULARY AS AN INDICATOR OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS: EASTERN INDONESIAN EVIDENCE Following a long interruption, Eastern Indonesian languages are once again attracting the attention of scholars, especially ethnolinguists and experts in comparative linguistics. This new wave of interest centres not only on the specific linguistic but also on the ethnographic and cultural position of Eastern Indonesia as a separate border area between Asia and Oceania. Among its many causes three principal factors should be singled out. First of all, in terms of linguistics, Eastern Indonesia is süll the least studied among the major geographical zones into which- the territory where Austronesian languages are found may be divided.1 Secondly, this area is particularly interesting because there is reason to believe that in the majority of languages on the Moluccan and Lesser Sunda Islands there is a large non-Austronesian substratum. It is known, for instance, that two non-Austronesian enclaves have survived to this day: the so-called North Halmahera languages and the languages of the Timor-Alor family. Recently, some convincing attempts have been made to place these two language groups within the framework of Papuan languages (Wurm 1977; Cowan 1965; Capell 1943-1945 and 1975). Thus it is possible to speak of a Papuan substratum in the languages of Eastern Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Parallel Sound Correspondences in Uab Meto
    3DUDOOHO6RXQG&RUUHVSRQGHQFHVLQ8DE0HWR 2ZHQ(GZDUGV 2FHDQLF/LQJXLVWLFV9ROXPH1XPEHU-XQHSS $UWLFOH 3XEOLVKHGE\8QLYHUVLW\RI+DZDL L3UHVV '2,RO )RUDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKLVDUWLFOH KWWSVPXVHMKXHGXDUWLFOH Access provided by Australian National University (7 Sep 2016 03:30 GMT) Parallel Sound Correspondences in Uab Meto Owen Edwards AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Two parallel sets of sound correspondences are attested in the historical phonology of the Uab Meto (also known as Dawan[ese], Timorese, Atoni) language/dialect cluster. A top-down approach to the data reveals one set of regular sound correspondences in reflexes of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lexemes, while a bottom-up approach to the data reveals another set of reg- ular correspondences in lexemes for which no Malayo-Polynesian origin has yet been found. I examine each set of sound correspondences in detail and propose a framework for addressing the apparently contradictory data. 1. INTRODUCTION.1 The application of the comparative method is not always straightforward. One frequent problem encountered in applying the comparative method is that of speech strata. When a language has borrowed heavily from a related language, it is often difficult to identify the regular sound correspondences and, as a result, which ele- ment(s) of the lexicon have been borrowed and which are native. This problem was first noted for an Austronesian language by Dempwolff (1922), who identified two strata of vocabulary in Ngaju Dayak, each with different sound corre- spondences. Dyen (1956) showed that these two strata were not evenly distributed among different sections of the lexicon, as one stratum is mostly absent from basic vocabulary. On the basis of this distribution, he identified the stratum absent from basic vocabulary as being borrowings (mainly from Malay), while the stratum found throughout all the lexi- con he identified as being inherited and reflecting the regular sound changes.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Attitudes Toward Tetun Dili, a Language of East Timor a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Division of the Universityof H
    ATTITUDES TOWARD TETUN DILI, A LANGUAGE OF EAST TIMOR A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITYOF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR IN PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS SPRING 2017 By Melody Ann Ross Dissertation Committee: Andrea Berez-Kroeker, chairperson Christina Higgins, chairperson Katie Drager Kamil Ud Deen Barbara Andaya Keywords: language attitudes, East Timor, Tetun Dili, ideologies, stance 1 Dedicated to the spirit and people of East Timor, hau nia rai doben husi huun to’o rohan. 2 Acknowledgments This work would not have been possible without the years of education I have received from the University of Hawaiʻi, but I must especially thank the members of my committee for their special dedication to my growth. To my amazing co-chairs, Andrea Berez-Kroeker and Christina Higgins, thank you for the revisions, the comments, the conversations, and most importantly, the patience. To the rest of my committee, Katie Drager, Kamil Ud Deen, and Barbara Andaya, thank you for your guidance, good humor, and willingness to prioritize me when I needed it. To the faculty and staff in the Department of Linguistics, thank you for teaching me, helping me, and encouraging me to cultivate my interests. My research has benefited hugely from the excellent mentors and academic examples I had around me every day. I am also hugely indebted to the Bilinski Educational Foundation, the College of Arts and Sciences, the Fulbright-Clinton Public Policy Fellowship program, and the Linguistics Endowment Fund for facilitating my research and travel. Sometimes I feel like the entire country of East Timor is looking out for me, but I need to thank a few people individually.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of Indonesia (Maluku)
    Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Maluku) Page 1 of 30 Languages of Indonesia (Maluku) See language map. Indonesia (Maluku). 2,549,454 (2000 census). Information mainly from K. Whinnom 1956; K. Polman 1981; J. Collins 1983; C. and B. D. Grimes 1983; B. D. Grimes 1994; C. Grimes 1995, 2000; E. Travis 1986; R. Bolton 1989, 1990; P. Taylor 1991; M. Taber 1993. The number of languages listed for Indonesia (Maluku) is 132. Of those, 129 are living languages and 3 are extinct. Living languages Alune [alp] 17,243 (2000 WCD). 5 villages in Seram Barat District, and 22 villages in Kairatu and Taniwel districts, west Seram, central Maluku. 27 villages total. Alternate names: Sapalewa, Patasiwa Alfoeren. Dialects: Kairatu, Central West Alune (Niniari-Piru-Riring-Lumoli), South Alune (Rambatu-Manussa-Rumberu), North Coastal Alune (Nikulkan-Murnaten-Wakolo), Central East Alune (Buriah-Weth-Laturake). Rambatu dialect is reported to be prestigious. Kawe may be a dialect. Related to Nakaela and Lisabata-Nuniali. Lexical similarity 77% to 91% among dialects, 64% with Lisabata-Nuniali, 63% with Hulung and Naka'ela. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central- Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Central Maluku, East, Seram, Nunusaku, Three Rivers, Amalumute, Northwest Seram, Ulat Inai More information. Amahai [amq] 50 (1987 SIL). Central Maluku, southwest Seram, 4 villages near Masohi. Alternate names: Amahei. Dialects: Makariki, Rutah, Soahuku. Language cluster with Iha and Kaibobo. Also related to Elpaputih and Nusa Laut. Lexical similarity 87% between the villages of Makariki and Rutah; probably two languages, 59% to 69% with Saparua, 59% with Kamarian, 58% with Kaibobo, 52% with Piru, Luhu, and Hulung, 50% with Alune, 49% with Naka'ela, 47% with Lisabata-Nuniali and South Wemale, 45% with North Wemale and Nuaulu, 44% with Buano and Saleman.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Grammatical Notes on Damar Batumerah Or West Damar
    Preliminary Grammatical Notes on Damar Batumerah or West Damar, a Language of Southwest Maluku SVETLANA F. CHLENOVA Moscow State Lomonosov University Introduction Damar Batumerah or West Damar, an Austronesian language spoken by approximately 800 speakers in the villages Batumerah and Kwai on the Northwestern coast of Damar island (Eastern Indonesia) remains almost unexplored, whereas – like some other languages of the region – it may disappear in the nearest future suppressed by local Indonesian. Damar Batumerah obviously occupies a specific place in the area. Some general characteristics of the language and its wordlist are given in Chlenov and Chlenova (this volume). The present paper contains a brief grammatical sketch and a sample of Damar Batumerah sentences glossed and grammatically commented. In this paper I take a very preliminary look at the grammatical system of Damar Batumerah based on the limited material of above 500 items wordlist, a set of 36 elicited sentences and two verbal paradigms provided by our informant S. Lutrunawawoy, a native speaker of village Batumerah and the material is rather limited:. In the analysis, it was helpful to compare the set of the Damar Batumerah sentences with their equivalents in other Southwest Moluccan languages, for which we have similar data: Leti, Meher (Kisar), Moa, Luang (Sermata), Nila, Serua, Tepa- Teun, and Daweloor. Especially helpful was consulting to Van Engelenhoven’s (2004) grammar of Leti, the first exhaustive study of a Southwest Moluccan language. Phonology Our brief notes on the Damar Batumerah phoneme inventory are based on the analysis of the entries of the wordlist individually written down by the informant and then compared by us with the corresponding entries in Taber’s (1993) wordlist, which are displayed in the phonetic transcription.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Change on Seram: a Study of Ideologies of Development
    Social Change on Seram: A Study of Ideologies of Development in Eastern Indonesia Benno R. 0. Grzimek Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 1991 UMI Number: U048570 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U048570 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 bI x cP (it* o722.3 2 Abstract of Thesis Fuelled by expanding oil and gas revenues, the Indonesian state has engaged in a massive and nationwide restructuring process. This "development" programme affects all facets of Indonesian society as a growing state apparatus exerts its authoritarian influence. In this context the thesis discusses social change in two Wemale villages located in the interior of western Seram at the very margins pf the state administration's power and interest. Drawing upon their experience of submission to colonial state control and the presence of the Protestant Church since the turn of the 19th century, these formerly autonomous shifting cultivators have embraced, modified and subverted the rhetoric of modernisation in antithesis to 'adat' their presumed ancestral customs.
    [Show full text]
  • Jhg201462.Pdf
    Journal of Human Genetics (2014) 59, 494–503 & 2014 The Japan Society of Human Genetics All rights reserved 1434-5161/14 OPEN www.nature.com/jhg ORIGINAL ARTICLE Isolation, contact and social behavior shaped genetic diversity in West Timor Meryanne K Tumonggor1,2, Tatiana M Karafet3, Sean Downey4, J Stephen Lansing1,5, Peter Norquest1, Herawati Sudoyo2, Michael F Hammer1,3 and Murray P Cox6 Timor, an eastern Indonesian island linking mainland Asia with Australia and the Pacific world, had a complex history, including its role as a contact zone between two language families (Austronesian and Trans-New Guinean), as well as preserving elements of a rich Austronesian cultural heritage, such as matrilocal marriage practices. Using an array of biparental (autosomal and X-chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and uniparental markers (Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA), we reconstruct a broad genetic profile of Timorese in the Belu regency of West Timor, including the traditional princedom of Wehali, focusing on the effects of cultural practices, such as language and social change, on patterns of genetic diversity. Sex-linked data highlight the different histories and social pressures experienced by women and men. Measures of diversity and population structure show that Timorese men had greater local mobility than women, as expected in matrilocal communities, where women remain in their natal village, whereas men move to the home village of their wife. Reaching further back in time, maternal loci (mitochondrial DNA and the X chromosome) are dominated by lineages with immigrant Asian origins, whereas paternal loci (Y chromosome) tend to exhibit lineages of the earliest settlers in the eastern Indonesian region.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 West Damar Language Or Damar-Batumerah, an Isolate in South-Eastern Indonesia Svetlana F.Chlenova and Mikhail A.Chlenov Moscow
    West Damar Language or Damar-Batumerah, an Isolate in South-Eastern Indonesia* Svetlana F.Chlenova and Mikhail A.Chlenov Moscow State University State Classical Maimonides Academy, Moscow [email protected] [email protected] The island of Damar in the chain of the Babar islands in Maluku Tenggara belongs probably to the least known parts of the Malay archipelago. Both ethnologically and linguistically it still represents a ‘tabula rasa’ and hardly one or two publications devoted specifically to this island can be found in the vast literature about Eastern Indonesia. The size of Damar is only about 198 km2 and like many islands in eastern Indonesia, Damar is remote more than 100 km to the nearest comparable islands.Until recently Damar was covered by dense forest and it was the only island in Southwest Maluku where sago was produced The population of the island is about 5000 people, who live in seven villages and according to Trainor (2002), mostly “rely on the cash sale of coconuts and cloves together with subsistence crops (banana, cassava, chilli, tomato and papaya) and fishing for their livelihoods.” From what can be judged from the scanty information available to us, culturally the Damarese belong to one cultural area with the rest of the South-Western Moluccas, and linguistically it would be logical to expect the same conclusion, namely that the language of the island belongs to the same subgroup as the languages of Kisar and Leti. The situation looks but only partly so. There are two separate languages on this small island. One of them is Eastern Damar, or Damar-Wulur (in one of our earlier publications Chlenov 1976: 206 it was labeled as Damar-Kehli), which is spoken in six villages along the east side of the island from Wulur through to Kumur.
    [Show full text]