DOCSLIB.ORG

Visual Texts, Ceremonial Texts, Texts of Exploration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

VISUAL TEXTS, CEREMONIAL TEXTS, TEXTS OF EXPLORATION # Collected Articles Imperial Encounters in Russian History Series editor: Gary Marker (State University of New York, Stony Brook) VISUAL TEXTS, CEREMONIAL TEXTS, TEXTS OF EXPLORATION V Collected Articles on the Representation of Russian Monarchy Richard Wortman Boston 2014 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: A catalog record for this book as available from the Library of Congress. Copyright © 2013 Academic Studies Press All rights reserved Effective August 2, 2016, this book will be subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. Other than as provided by these licenses, no part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted, or displayed by any electronic or mechanical means without permission from the publisher or as permitted by law. ISBN 978-1-61811-258-3 (cloth) ISBN 978-1-61811-259-0 (electronic) Book design by Ivan Grave Published by Academic Studies Press in 2013 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com To the memory of the Slavic and Baltic Division of the New York Public Library and the spirit of scholarly calling it inspired among the many generations of its readers. Table of Contents List of Illustrations . ix Permissions . xiv Abbreviations . xvi Introduction: Texts of Representation . xvii Part I CEREMONY AND CEREMONIAL TEXTS 1. Th e Mythology of Empire: Imperial Russian Coronation Albums (With Edward Kasinec) . 3 2. Ceremony and Empire in the Evolution of Russian Monarchy . 27 3. Signs of Empire: Exotic Peoples at Imperial Russian Coronations . 47 4. Publicizing the Imperial Image in 1913 . 71 Part II THE IMPERIAL MYTH IN ARTISTIC TEXTS 5. Alexei Olenin, Fedor Solntsev, and the Development of a Russian National Esthetic . 101 6. Cultural Metamorphoses of Imperial Myth under Catherine the Great and Nicholas I . 122 7. Myth and Memory—Imperial Evocations of 1812. Alexander I and the Russian People . 145 8. “Glas naroda” : Visual Representations of Russian Monarchy in the Era of Emancipation . 180 9. Th e “Russian Style” in Church Architecture as Imperial Symbol aft er 1881 . 208 10. St. Petersburg the Imperial City and Peter Tchaikovsky . 238 Part III EXPLORATIONS AND EMPIRE 11. Texts of Exploration and Russia’s European Identity . 253 12. Russian Noble Offi cers and the Ethos of Exploration . 274 VII TABLE OF CONTENTS Part IV INTELLECTUAL HISTORY 13. Koshelev, Samarin, and Cherkasskii and the Fate of Liberal Slavophilism . 297 14. Tolstoy and the Perception of Poverty: Tolstoy’s “What Th en Must We Do?” 320 15. Property Rights, Populism, and Russian Political Culture . 333 Part V AFTERTHOUGHTS AND REMEMBRANCES 16. Th ought, Culture, and Power: Refl ections of a Russianist . 355 17. Th e Moscow-Tartu School: Review of S. Iu. Nekliudov, ed., Moskovsko-tartuskaia semioticheskaia shkola. Istoriia, vospominaniia, razmyshleniia (Moscow: Shkola “Iazyki russkoi kul’tury”, 1998) . 377 18. Brief Recollection of Vladimir Nabokov . 387 19. Marc Raeff : Memorial Th oughts . 389 20. Leopold Haimson: Remembrance on the Occasion of his Memorial Service, March 25, 2011 . 393 Index . 397 VIII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS List of Illustrations Article 1 Figure 1— Empress Anna Ioannovna. Opisanie koronatsii e. v. imp. i samo- derzhitsy vserossiiskoi Anny Ioannovny (Moscow, 1730). Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Figure 2— Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. Obstoiatel’noe opisanie torzhestvennykh poriadkov blagopoluchnogo vshestviia v tsarstvuiushchii grad Moskvu i sviashchenneishago koronovaniia imp. Elizavety Petrovny (St. Petersburg, 1744). Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Figure 3— Th e Crowning Ceremony of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. Obstoia- tel’noe opisanie . Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Figure 4—Empress Catherine II at the “Tsar’s Place.” Engraving aft er a drawing by Louis de Veilly, Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Figure 5— Th e Crowning of Emperor Nicholas I. Henry Graf, Vues des cérémonies les plus intéressantes du couronnement de leurs majesties imperials l’empereur Nicholas Ier et l’impératrice Alexandra à Moscou (Paris, 1928). Library of Congress. Figure 6— Emperor Alexander II Crowns Empress Maria Aleksandrovna. Opisanie sviashchenneishago koronovaniia . imperatora Aleksandra Vtorago i imperatritsy Marii Aleksandrovny vsei Rossii (n.p., 1856). Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Figure 7— Th e Crowning of Emperor Alexander III. Opisanie sviashchennago koronovaniia . imperatora Aleksandra Tret’ego i gosudaryni imperatritsy Marii Fedorovny vsei Rossii (St. Petersburg, 1883). Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. IX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 8— Emperor Nicholas II Crowns Empress Aleksandra Fedorovna. V. S. Krivenko, ed., Koronatsionnyi sbornik: Koronovanie v Moskve, 14 maia 1896 (St. Petersburg, 1899). Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Article 3 Figure 1—Muslim Delegates from the Caucasus. Vues des cérémonies les plus intéressantes du couronnement de leurs majesties imperials l’empereur Nicholas Ier et l’impératrice Alexandra à Moscou. Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Figure 2— Triumphal Coronation Entry to Moscow of Alexander II and Maria Aleksandrovna. Russkii khudozhestvennyi listok, 1856. Figure 3— Caucasian Deputies at the Coronation of Alexander II. Opisanie sviashchenneishago koronovaniia . imperatora Aleksandra Vtorago i imperatritsy Marii Aleksandrovny vsei Rossii. Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Figure 4— Kirgiz Huntsman—Coronation Album of Alexander II. Opisanie sviashchenneishago koronovaniia . imperatora Aleksandra Vtorago i imperatritsy Marii Aleksandrovny vsei Rossii. Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Figure 5— Deputies of “Asiatic peoples under the power of Russia.” Koronatsionnyi sbornik: Koronovanie v Moskve, 14 maia 1896. Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Figure 6— Deputies from Khiva—Coronation Album of Nicholas II. Koronatsionnyi sbornik: Koronovanie v Moskve, 14 maia 1896. Slavic and Baltic Collection, New York Public Library. Article 4 Figure 1— Tercentenary Coin. Collection of author. Figure 2— Nicholas II as Huntsman. A. Elchaninov, Th e Tsar and His People (London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1914). Figure 3— Nicholas II in Soldiers’ Uniform holding Tsarevich Alexei. A. Elchaninov, Th e Tsar and His People. Figure 4— Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich among the Poteshnye (third from left ). A. Elchaninov, Th e Tsar and His People. Figure 5— Nicholas II Tastes Sailors’ Ration on the Yacht, Th e Standard. A. Elchaninov, Th e Tsar and His People. X LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Article 5 Figure 1— Fedor Solntsev—Meeting of Prince Sviatoslav Igorevich with Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces. Copyright © 2013, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg. Figure 2— Fedor Solntsev—Window Frame from the Terem Palace. Drevnosti rossiiskago gosudarstva (Moscow: Tipografi ia Aleksandra Semena, 1849). Figure 3— Fedor Solntsev—Th e “Monomakh Cap.” Drevnosti rossiiskago gosudarstva. Figure 4—Fedor Solntsev—Orb from the “Grand Regalia” of Tsar Michael. Drevnosti rossiiskago gosudarstva. Figure 5— Fedor Solntsev—“Helmet of Alexander Nevskii.” Drevnosti rossiiskago gosudarstva. Article 7 Figure 1— Ivan Terebenev—Th e Russian Hercules. 1812 v karik ature (Moscow: Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War, 1999). Figure 2—Russkaia Azbuka-Letter “B”—Th e French Eat Crow. http://www. museum.ru/museum/1812/English/Library/Azbuka/index.html Figure 3— Russkaia Azbuka-Letter “F”—Th e French like Mice are Caught in a Trap. http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/English/Library/ Azbuka/index.html Figure 4— Alexander I’s triumphal entry into Paris. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 goda v khudozhestvennykh i istoricheskikh pamiatnikakh iz sobranii Ermitazha (Leningrad: Gos. Ermitazh, 1963). Figure 5— Prayer Service on La Place de la Concorde, March 29, 1814. N. K. Shil’der, Imperator Aleksandr Pervyi, vol. 3 (St. Petersburg: A. S. Suvorin, 1899), 289. Figure 6—Alexander Vitberg—Project for Cathedral of Christ the Redeemer, Moscow. Zhivopisnoe obozrenie, Vol. 4, 1838. Figure 7— Dedication of Alexandrine Column, August 30, 1834. A. Ricard de Montferrand, Plans et détails du monument consacré à la mémoire de l’Empereur Alexandre (Paris: Th ierry, 1838). Figure 8—“Veterans of 1812” at the Borodino Centennial. L’Illustration . Figure 9—Nicholas II following Procession of the Cross at the Borodino Centennial, August 25, 1912. L’Illustration. XI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Article 8 Figure 1— Nicholas I Crossing the Danube. Stoletie Voennogo Ministerstva: Imperatorskaia glavnaia kvartira; istoriia gosudarevoi svity; tsarstvovanie Imperatora Nikolaia I (St. Petersburg: Voennoe Ministerstvo, 1908). Figure 2— Alexander II followed by Grand Dukes Nicholas Aleksandrovich and Alexander Aleksandrovich. RNB, Print Division. Figure 3— Alexander II, Maria Aleksandrovna, and Grand Duke Nicholas Aleksandrovich. GARF. Figure 4— Vasilii Demut-Malinovskii—Ivan Susanin Monument, Kostroma. Vsemirnaia illiustratsiia, No. 2, 1883. Figure 5— M. A. Zichy—Alexander II’s Coronation Entry into Moscow. Alexander II Coronation Album. Opisanie sviashchenneishago koronovaniia . imperatora Aleksandra Vtorago i imperatritsy Marii Aleksandrovny vsei Rossii. Figure 6— Vasilii Timm—“Th e Emancipation of the Peasants.” Russkii khudozhestvennyi listok, 1862. Figure 7— “Th e Voice of
Recommended publications
  • Archdiocesan History FINAL

    Archdiocesan History FINAL

    A History of the Archdiocese of Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania Kristie Bosko Mertz, Ph.D. “…the more I study the history of the Orthodox Church in this land, the more convinced I become that our task here is God’s task, that God Himself helps us.” 1 — St. Patriarch Tikhon, Farewell Address, March 7, 1907 Introduction The history of our archdiocese is inextricably bound to the larger history of Orthodoxy in America. What is now known as the Archdiocese of Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania began in 1916 with the tonsuring and consecration of Fr. Alexander Dzubay as Bishop Stephen, within the former North American Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. His situation, in terms of being an immigrant of Carpatho-Russian ethnicity and a convert to Orthodoxy from the Byzantine Catholic (Greek Catholic) faith, was in no way unique at that time. However, it provides us with a glimpse of the evolving religious landscape and the foundation that was laid for the creation of the archdiocese and for its subsequent development. The Beginning of Orthodoxy in America Orthodoxy in America began in 1794, when Russian missionaries from Valaam Monastery arrived at Kodiak Island in the Aleutian Islands.1 The beginning of Orthodoxy in this country was found mainly in the future state of Alaska (which was a part of Russia) and in California, but very quickly grew up in the industrial areas of the United States such as Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, New York, and West Virginia. The entirety of North America and Canada was one large diocese with very scattered Orthodox communities.
  • An Overview of Russian Foreign Policy

    An Overview of Russian Foreign Policy

    02-4498-6 ch1.qxd 3/25/02 2:58 PM Page 7 1 AN OVERVIEW OF RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY Forging a New Foreign Policy Concept for Russia Russia’s entry into the new millennium was accompanied by qualitative changes in both domestic and foreign policy. After the stormy events of the early 1990s, the gradual process of consolidating society around a strengthened democratic gov- ernment took hold as people began to recognize this as a requirement if the ongoing political and socioeconomic transformation of the country was to be successful. The for- mation of a new Duma after the December 1999 parliamen- tary elections, and Vladimir Putin’s election as president of Russia in 2000, laid the groundwork for an extended period of political stability, which has allowed us to undertake the devel- opment of a long-term strategic development plan for the nation. Russia’s foreign policy course is an integral part of this strategic plan. President Putin himself has emphasized that “foreign policy is both an indicator and a determining factor for the condition of internal state affairs. Here we should have no illusions. The competence, skill, and effectiveness with 02-4498-6 ch1.qxd 3/25/02 2:58 PM Page 8 which we use our diplomatic resources determines not only the prestige of our country in the eyes of the world, but also the political and eco- nomic situation inside Russia itself.”1 Until recently, the view prevalent in our academic and mainstream press was that post-Soviet Russia had not yet fully charted its national course for development.
  • Petromacho, Or Mechanisms of De-Modernization in a Resource State

    Petromacho, Or Mechanisms of De-Modernization in a Resource State

    Russian Politics & Law ISSN: 1061-1940 (Print) 1558-0962 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/mrup20 Petromacho, or Mechanisms of De-Modernization in a Resource State Alexander Etkind To cite this article: Alexander Etkind (2018) Petromacho, or Mechanisms of De-Modernization in a Resource State, Russian Politics & Law, 56:1-2, 72-85, DOI: 10.1080/10611940.2018.1686921 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/10611940.2018.1686921 Published online: 18 Dec 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=mrup20 Russian Politics and Law, vol. 56, nos. 1–2, 2018, pp. 72–85. © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1061-1940 (print)/ISSN 1558-0962 (online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10611940.2018.1686921 ALEXANDER ETKIND Petromacho, or Mechanisms of De-Modernization in a Resource State I am an impartial observer of the events of Russia in 2012, and I would define them as a conflict between knowledge and capital. Both sides are continually surprised, each by their own things, while smart people become increasingly poorer, and rich people increasingly stupid. Trying to understand the perplexity of both sides, I would firstly like to say that the situation is unmodern, or anti-modern. Modernization and meritocracy are two sides of the same coin. Without open access to the elite, social lifts, and creative destruction, modernity is unimaginable.
  • THE BRITISH ARMY in the LOW COUNTRIES, 1793-1814 By

    THE BRITISH ARMY in the LOW COUNTRIES, 1793-1814 By

    ‘FAIRLY OUT-GENERALLED AND DISGRACEFULLY BEATEN’: THE BRITISH ARMY IN THE LOW COUNTRIES, 1793-1814 by ANDREW ROBERT LIMM A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. University of Birmingham School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law October, 2014. University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The history of the British Army in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars is generally associated with stories of British military victory and the campaigns of the Duke of Wellington. An intrinsic aspect of the historiography is the argument that, following British defeat in the Low Countries in 1795, the Army was transformed by the military reforms of His Royal Highness, Frederick Duke of York. This thesis provides a critical appraisal of the reform process with reference to the organisation, structure, ethos and learning capabilities of the British Army and evaluates the impact of the reforms upon British military performance in the Low Countries, in the period 1793 to 1814, via a series of narrative reconstructions. This thesis directly challenges the transformation argument and provides a re-evaluation of British military competency in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
  • Russia's Foreign Policy Change and Continuity in National Identity

    Russia's Foreign Policy Change and Continuity in National Identity

    Russia’s Foreign Policy Russia’s Foreign Policy Change and Continuity in National Identity Second Edition Andrei P. Tsygankov ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK Published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2010 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tsygankov, Andrei P., 1964- Russia's foreign policy : change and continuity in national identity / Andrei P. Tsygankov. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7425-6752-8 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7425-6753-5 (paper : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7425-6754-2 (electronic) 1. Russia (Federation)--Foreign relations. 2. Soviet Union--Foreign relations. 3. Great powers. 4. Russia (Federation)--Foreign relations--Western countries. 5. Western countries--Foreign relations--Russia (Federation) 6. Nationalism--Russia (Federation) 7. Social change--Russia (Federation) I. Title. DK510.764.T785 2010 327.47--dc22 2009049396 ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America It is the eternal dispute between those who imagine the world to suit their policy, and those who arrange their policy to suit the realities of the world.
  • Nikolay Luzin, His Students, Adversaries, and Defenders (Notes

    Nikolay Luzin, His Students, Adversaries, and Defenders (Notes

    Nikolay Luzin, his students, adversaries, and defenders (notes on the history of Moscow mathematics, 1914-1936) Yury Neretin This is historical-mathematical and historical notes on Moscow mathematics 1914-1936. Nikolay Luzin was a central figure of that time. Pavel Alexandroff, Nina Bari, Alexandr Khinchin, Andrey Kolmogorov, Mikhail Lavrentiev, Lazar Lyusternik, Dmitry Menshov, Petr Novikov, Lev Sсhnirelman, Mikhail Suslin, and Pavel Urysohn were his students. We discuss the time of the great intellectual influence of Luzin (1915-1924), the time of decay of his school (1922-1930), a moment of his administrative power (1934-1936), and his fall in July 1936. But the thing which served as a source of Luzin’s inner drama turned out to be a source of his subsequent fame... Lazar Lyusternik [351] Il est temps que je m’arr ete: voici que je dis, ce que j’ai d´eclar´e, et avec raison, ˆetre inutile `adire. Henri Lebesgue, Preface to Luzin’s book, Leˇcons sur les ensembles analytiques et leurs applications, [288] Прошло сто лет и что ж осталось От сильных, гордых сих мужей, Столь полных волею страстей? Их поколенье миновалось Alexandr Pushkin ’Poltava’ There is a common idea that a life of Nikolay Luzin can be a topic of a Shakespeare drama. I am agree with this sentence but I am extremely far from an intention to realize this idea. The present text is an impassive historical-mathematical and historical investigation of Moscow mathematics of that time. On the other hand, this is more a story of its initiation and turning moments than a history of achievements.
  • MANUFACTURING MORAL PANIC: Weaponizing Children to Undermine Gender Justice and Human Rights

    MANUFACTURING MORAL PANIC: Weaponizing Children to Undermine Gender Justice and Human Rights

    MANUFACTURING MORAL PANIC: Weaponizing Children to Undermine Gender Justice and Human Rights Research Team: Juliana Martínez, PhD; Ángela Duarte, MA; María Juliana Rojas, EdM and MA. Sentiido (Colombia) March 2021 The Elevate Children Funders Group is the leading global network of funders focused exclusively on the wellbeing and rights of children and youth. We focus on the most marginalized and vulnerable to abuse, neglect, exploitation, and violence. Global Philanthropy Project (GPP) is a collaboration of funders and philanthropic advisors working to expand global philanthropic support to advance the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people in the Global1 South and East. TABLE OF CONTENTS Glossary ...................................................................................... 4 Acronyms .................................................................................................. 4 Definitions ................................................................................................. 5 Letter from the Directors: ......................................................... 8 Executive Summary ................................................................... 10 Report Outline ..........................................................................................13 MOBILIZING A GENDER-RESTRICTIVE WORLDVIEW .... 14 The Making of the Contemporary Gender-Restrictive Movement ................................................... 18 Instrumentalizing Cultural Anxieties .........................................
  • The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800S-1900S

    The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800S-1900S

    The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800s-1900s February 2003 Katrin Bozeva-Abazi Department of History McGill University, Montreal A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Contents 1. Abstract/Resume 3 2. Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Names 6 3. Acknowledgments 7 4. Introduction 8 How "popular" nationalism was created 5. Chapter One 33 Peasants and intellectuals, 1830-1914 6. Chapter Two 78 The invention of the modern Balkan state: Serbia and Bulgaria, 1830-1914 7. Chapter Three 126 The Church and national indoctrination 8. Chapter Four 171 The national army 8. Chapter Five 219 Education and national indoctrination 9. Conclusions 264 10. Bibliography 273 Abstract The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions.
  • The Historical Legacy for Contemporary Russian Foreign Policy

    The Historical Legacy for Contemporary Russian Foreign Policy

    CHAPTER 1 The Historical Legacy for Contemporary Russian Foreign Policy o other country in the world is a global power simply by virtue of geogra- N phy.1 The growth of Russia from an isolated, backward East Slavic principal- ity into a continental Eurasian empire meant that Russian foreign policy had to engage with many of the world’s principal centers of power. A Russian official trying to chart the country’s foreign policy in the 18th century, for instance, would have to be concerned simultaneously about the position and actions of the Manchu Empire in China, the Persian and Ottoman Empires (and their respec- tive vassals and subordinate allies), as well as all of the Great Powers in Europe, including Austria, Prussia, France, Britain, Holland, and Sweden. This geographic reality laid the basis for a Russian tradition of a “multivector” foreign policy, with leaders, at different points, emphasizing the importance of rela- tions with different parts of the world. For instance, during the 17th century, fully half of the departments of the Posolskii Prikaz—the Ambassadors’ Office—of the Muscovite state dealt with Russia’s neighbors to the south and east; in the next cen- tury, three out of the four departments of the College of International Affairs (the successor agency in the imperial government) covered different regions of Europe.2 Russian history thus bequeaths to the current government a variety of options in terms of how to frame the country’s international orientation. To some extent, the choices open to Russia today are rooted in the legacies of past decisions.
  • Transformation of Stereotypical Perception of „The Image of Poles” in the Russian Empire Society During the World War I

    Transformation of Stereotypical Perception of „The Image of Poles” in the Russian Empire Society During the World War I

    The Person and the Challenges Volume 7 (2017) Number 2, p. 151–164 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/pch.2188 Olga Bilobrovets Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Ukraine Transformation of stereotypical perception of „the image of Poles” in the Russian Empire society during the World War I Abstract The cohabitation of different nations in the border of one state creates certain ethnic, social, mental collective nation’s image which changes very slowly. These processes are enhanced during the global historical processes with significant devastating effects which lead to an alteration in public consciousness. During World War І, under the influence of the external crisis circumstances, the necessity to take into account the strategic interests and fundamental values of the nations involved in the war, led to a change in perception of the image of the Pole. The image of a Pole as a disloyal person to Russian statehood had changed into the image of a true confederate in the mutual striving with the enemy. Perception of the Poles as partners in state‑building and international cohabitation became possible only due to global geopolitical changes, the policy of powerful nations, including the Polish territory and the ability of Polish political powers to consolidate their efforts around the idea of statehood restoration. Keywords Russian Empire, the image of the Pole, loyalty, World War І. The Person and the Challenges 152 Volume 7 (2017) Number 2, p. 151–164 1. Introduction The cohabitation of different nations in the border of one state always has its own features caused, among other things, by their status, historical circumstances and conditions of development.
  • Eugene Miakinkov

    Eugene Miakinkov

    Russian Military Culture during the Reigns of Catherine II and Paul I, 1762-1801 by Eugene Miakinkov A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History and Classics University of Alberta ©Eugene Miakinkov, 2015 Abstract This study explores the shape and development of military culture during the reign of Catherine II. Next to the institutions of the autocracy and the Orthodox Church, the military occupied the most important position in imperial Russia, especially in the eighteenth century. Rather than analyzing the military as an institution or a fighting force, this dissertation uses the tools of cultural history to explore its attitudes, values, aspirations, tensions, and beliefs. Patronage and education served to introduce a generation of young nobles to the world of the military culture, and expose it to its values of respect, hierarchy, subordination, but also the importance of professional knowledge. Merit is a crucial component in any military, and Catherine’s military culture had to resolve the tensions between the idea of meritocracy and seniority. All of the above ideas and dilemmas were expressed in a number of military texts that began to appear during Catherine’s reign. It was during that time that the military culture acquired the cultural, political, and intellectual space to develop – a space I label the “military public sphere”. This development was most clearly evident in the publication, by Russian authors, of a range of military literature for the first time in this era. The military culture was also reflected in the symbolic means used by the senior commanders to convey and reinforce its values in the army.

  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University

    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-63941-6 - The Cambridge History of Russia: Volume II: Imperial Russia, 1689–1917 Edited by Dominic Lieven Index More information Index Abaza, A. A., member of State Council 471 Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeevich, Slavophile Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman ruler 20 writer 127 Ablesimov, Aleksandr, playwright 86 Fundamental Principles of Russian abortion 324 History 127 About This and That (journal) 86 Aksel’rod, Pavel, Menshevik 627 Abramtsevo estate, artists’ colony 105 Alash Orda (Loyalty) party, Kazakh 221 Adams, John Quincy 519 Alaska Adrianople, Treaty of (1829) 559 Russian settlements in 36 adultery 309, 336, 339 sold to USA (1867) 564 advertising 320, 324 alcoholism 185, 422, 422n.77 Aerenthal, Count Alois von, Austrian foreign Alekseev, Admiral E. I., Viceroy 586 minister 570 Alekseev, A. V.,army commander-in-chief Afanasev, Aleksandr, anthology of (1917) 664 folk-tales 98 Aleksei see Alexis al-Afgani, Jamal al-Din, Muslim reformer Alexander I, Tsar (1801–25) 219 conception of Russian destiny 149 Afghanistan 563, 566, 569 and conspiracy theories 153 Africa, ‘Scramble’ for 576 court agricultural reforms favourites 152, 438 Stolypin’s 181, 389, 417, 464, 613 liberal advisers 149, 526 and vision of social justice 24 and economy 399–400 agriculture 232, 379, 410 and Europe 149, 520 1870s depression 241 ‘Holy Alliance’ 556 arable 375 foreign policy 519–28, 554, 556–8 and environment 373, 390 and Britain 523, 524, 525 expansion southwards 493 and France 520, 523 extensive cultivation 374, 375, 387 and Jews 190