Basilicata (It)

Home , Agri (river), Basento, Basilicata, Gravina (river), Province of Matera

Call for tender by open procedure no. 2007.CE.16.0.AT.032 for the ex post evaluation of cohesion policy programmes 2000-2006 co-financed by the European Fund for Regional Development (Objectives 1 and 2)

Work package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

SECOND INTERMEDIATE REPORT: Regional Case Studies

BASILICATA (IT)

IRS, Istituto per la Ricerca Sociale CSIL, Centre for Industrial Studies

Prepared for: European Commission DIRECTORATE GENERAL REGIONAL POLICY Policy Development Evaluation Unit Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

This study was carried out by a team selected by the Evaluation Unit, DG Regional Policy, European Commission, through a call for tenders by open procedure no. 2007.CE.16.0.AT.032.

The consortium selected comprised IRS - Istituto per la Ricerca Sociale (lead partner) and CSIL, Centre for Industrial Studies. The Core Team included: - Manuela Samek Lodovici, Project Director; - Flavia Pesce, Project Coordinator; - Scientific Advisors: Charlotte Höhn (Federal Institute for Population Research); Gianfranco Viesti (University of Bari); Silvia Vignetti; Paola Villa (University of Trento). - Senior experts: Ivana Fellini (University of Milan), Julie Pellegrin; Maria Letizia Tanturri (University of Pavia); Alessandro Valenza; Giancarlo Vecchi (University of Parma). - Research assistants: Silvia Beltrametti; Julien Bollati; Jessica Catalano; Valentina Patrini; Monica Patrizio.

A network of country experts provided geographical coverage for the field analysis. The case study presented in this report was carried out by Flavia Pesce and Giulia Rossi (IRS).

The authors are grateful for the very helpful comments from the EC staff and particularly to Veronica Gaffey, Kai Stryczynski and José-Luís Calvo de Celis. They also wish to thank the stakeholders and beneficiaries who were available for interviews and data collection for the field analysis. The authors are fully responsible for any errors or omissions.

Quotation is authorised as long as the source is acknowledged.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BASILICATA 1 Introduction and main findings ...... 1 Methodology overview ...... 3

1. Basilicata - Regional context ...... 5 1.1. Basilicata – General economic and social context ...... 6 1.2. Basilicata – Overview of demographic change ...... 9 1.3. Basilicata – Overview of gender equality ...... 12 1.4. Basilicata - Conclusion ...... 15

2. Basilicata - Analysis of the ERDF regional strategy and implementation procedures in relation to demographic change and gender equality ...... 17 2.1. Basilicata - Introduction ...... 17 2.2. Basilicata – Analysis of the regional strategy and implementation procedure regarding demographic change ...... 17 2.3. Basilicata – Analysis of the regional strategy and implementation procedure regarding gender equality 19 2.4. Basilicata –Selected measures for the case studies ...... 22

3. Basilicata – Direct and indirect effects of ERDF interventions in enabling adaptation to demographic change ...... 25 3.1. Basilicata – Outputs of measures concerning demographic change ...... 25 3.2. Basilicata – Results and impacts of measures concerning demographic change ...... 31 3.3. Basilicata - Complementarity of ERDF interventions, identified for demographic change, with ESF, EAGGF and FIFG ...... 37 3.4. Basilicata - Sustainability of measures concerning demographic change ...... 38 3.5. Basilicata - Overall assessment of adaptation to demographic change ...... 39 3.6. Basilicata - Lessons learnt and policy implications for demographic change ...... 40

4. Basilicata - Direct and indirect effects of ERDF interventions on gender equality: results, direct and indirect effects ...... 41 4.1. Basilicata - Outputs of measures concerning gender equality ...... 41 4.2. Basilicata - Results and impacts of measures concerning gender equality ...... 45 4.3. Basilicata - Complementarity of ERDF interventions, identified for gender issue, with ESF, EAGGF and FIFG ...... 48 4.4. Basilicata - Sustainability of the measures concerning gender equality ...... 49 4.5. Basilicata - Overall assessment of gender equality ...... 50 4.6. Basilicata - Lessons learnt and policy implications for gender issue ...... 51

Annex – Sources of information for Basilicata ...... 53

III

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Basilicata - Key socio-economic figures 6

Table 2: Basilicata - Key figures on demographic change 9

Table 3: Basilicata – Policy interventions in the field of demographic change for the period 2000-2006 11

Table 4: Basilicata - Key facts on equality condition 12

Table 5: Basilicata - Policy interventions in the field of gender equality for the period 2000-2006 13

Table 6: Basilicata – Analysis of the strategy regarding demographic change 17

Table 7: Basilicata – Analysis of the implementation of demographic change 18

Table 8 Basilicata – Analysis of the strategy regarding gender equality 19

Table 9: Basilicata – Analysis of the implementation of gender equality 22

Table 10: Basilicata – Selected measures in relation to demographic change and gender equality for the period 2000-2006 23

Table 11: Basilicata – Performance of the measures adapting to demographic change 25

Table 12: Basilicata - Effectiveness of the measures adapting to demographic change 31

Table 13: Basilicata - Complementarity of ERDF interventions, identified for demographic change, with ESF, EAGGF, FIFG 37

Table 14: Basilicata – Sustainability of the measures concerning demographic change 38

Table 15: Basilicata - Performance of the measures impacting on gender issue 41

Table 16: Basilicata - Effectiveness of the measures impacting on gender issue 46

Table 17: Basilicata - Complementarity of ERDF interventions, identified for gender issue, with ESF, EAGGF, FIFG 48

Table 18: Basilicata - Sustainability of the measures concerning gender equality 49

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Basilicata – Map of the region 5

Figure 2: Basilicata - Annual average rate of GDP growth 2000-2005 (%) 7

Figure 3: Basilicata - Employment and unemployment rate by gender 8

Figure 4: Basilicata - Population and working age population by gender 8

Figure 5: Basilicata - Total fertility rate, 2000 9

Figure 6: Basilicata - Share of women in regional assemblies, 2006 13

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

Abbreviations

APE Appennino Parco d’Europa (European Park Appennino)

APQ Frame Programme Agreements

DG REGIO Directorate General for Regional Policy

EAGGF European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund

EC European Commission

ERDF European Regional Development Fund

ESF European Social Fund

EU European Union

FAS National Fund for Under-utilized Areas

FIFG Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance

GIA Gender Impact Assessment

GDP Gross Domestic Product

ICT Information and Communication Technology

LFS Labour Force Survey

MA Managing Authorities

MTE Mid-Term Evaluation

NGO Non governmental organisation

NTI New Technologies of Information

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OP Operational Programme

PISU Integrated Programme of Urban development

PIT Territorial Integrated Projects

R&D Research and Development

ROP Regional Operational Programme

SMEs Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

SPD Single Programming Evaluation

WP Work Package

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

BASILICATA

Introduction and main findings

The aim of this case study is to assess the performance of the ERDF interventions in Basilicata with respect to the adaptation to demographic change and gender equality through the support of typologies of interventions1 that could have low/medium/high and indirect/direct impacts on both issues.

At the beginning of the programme period 2000-2006, Basilicata region showed clear signs of demographic decline characterised by significant depopulation trends, negative net migration, low fertility rates and population ageing; at the same time, it showed a significant gender gap in both employment and unemployment with limited and difficult female labour market access.

Basilicata Objective 1 2000-2006 Operational Programme tackled directly and indirectly demographic change issue through measures designed to improve the attractiveness of the region and avoid depopulation (especially of young people). As regards gender equality, measures related to the preservation and enhancements of historical and cultural resources, as well as those for supporting services for enterprises, especially in strategic sectors like tourism, crafts and services, are assessed as having a high indirect impact on this issue.

On the evidence of the analysis carried out along this Report the following are the main findings and conclusions achieved:

1 Both these issues were considered important in the programme design phase:

− difficulties in overcoming the peripheral condition of the territorial regional system and the territorial discrepancies connected to different level of depopulation were considered among the main reasons for the slowness of the region’s socio-economic development. In this respect, the programme presents several measures devoted to the development of local transport networks, spreading ITC connections, reinforcing the local productive systems, developing social infrastructures and reinforcing Basilicata international image;

− enhancing and supporting gender equal opportunities was considered an important tool to improve local development given the clear correlation between growth and gender equal opportunities in the labour market, devoting particular attention to support for and development of female entrepreneurship, seen as a way both to increase female access to the labour market and to cope with family care needs. Identification of specific economic sectors (such as tourism, artistic crafts, etc.) in which developing female entrepreneurship was linked to the idea of reinforcing local culture and traditions as regional driving forces not only from a social point of view, but also from an economic one.

1 These come from the research hypotheses formulated in Task 1.4 – “Preliminary identification of the 12 regional case studies”. For further details, see the document, Work package 7: “Effectiveness of Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”, First Intermediate Report, July 2008.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

2 The policy framework is geared to these issues in order to tackle the scant economic attractiveness, mitigating migration and reducing regional discrepancies especially between urban and remote areas and to raise the level of female participation in the labour market.

3 With specific regard to gender equality, the analyses of the regional strategy and implementation procedure confirm the attention to the gender mainstreaming principle, thanks especially to the development, within the Managing Authority, of an organizational asset (Authority for Equal Opportunities plus Local task forces on gender equality) to support the governance of gender policies in the Region.

4 Results and impact analysis show that the interventions implemented have significantly contributed:

− in reversing the poor attractiveness of some areas, and possibly in mitigating the migratory deficit;

− sustained and enhanced the creation and development of female entrepreneurial activities and supported, through the implementation of social infrastructures, re-conciliation between working and family lives.

From the analysis carried out the following lessons can be drawn:

1 ERDF can be a useful tool to face demographic change and to promote gender equality on the basis of a good knowledge and analysis of the local context.

2 Implementation of integrated projects closely linked to territorial needs and stakeholders as well as the signing of National Agreement Programmes covering the same issues and the same territories seem to offer the best results, given the possibility to support gender equality and adapt to demographic changes.

3 The presence of a specific governance asset devoted to Gender Equal Opportunities (Gender Local Task force and Authority for Gender Policies) should be considered as a very important tool in order to implement the gender mainstreaming principle effectively, even though it is in itself insufficient.

In this respect, improved and constant complementarities with ESF could increase the dissemination of a gender culture within Public Administrations, supporting the implementation of innovative measures and interventions.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

Methodology overview

This case study discusses the performance of the Basilicata Objective 1 2000-2006 Operative Programme (OP) with respect to gender equality and demographic change. The research was carried out during November 2008 – January 2009, and was based on desk research on relevant programme documentation, plus thirteen interviews with programme managers and evaluators (see Annex for details).

As described in the Intermediate Report, the OP contains a certain number of interventions assessed as having a high-medium indirect impact on both gender equality and demographic change. In particular, for gender equality, all the measures aiming at the preservation and enhancement of historical and cultural resources, as well as those for supporting services for enterprises, especially in strategic sectors like tourism, crafts and services, are assessed as having a high indirect impact. With regard to demographic change, measures designed to improve the attractiveness of the region and avoid depopulation (especially of young people), such as support for tourism and business ventures and/or policies for the reinforcement and re-development of peripheral areas.

The analysis was carried out in three successive steps:

− first, a description of the main issues characterising the regional situation with respect to gender equality and adaptation to demographic change, using statistical indicators available from Eurostat and from regional and municipal data sources, was compiled;

− second, the analysis of the strategy designed in the SPD with respect to gender equality and demographic change, and the implementation and monitoring arrangements adopted according the supplementary document and the yearly monitoring report was performed;

− finally, an assessment of the selected Measures and interventions and their possible effects on gender quality and adaptation to demographic change, and the available monitoring data and the outputs, results and impacts of the interventions according to the documents and interviews was carried out.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

1. BASILICATA - REGIONAL CONTEXT

Basilicata is a region of Southern Italy with a surface area of 9,992.27 square kilometres. The 617,000 inhabitants are distributed throughout the 131 municipalities in the province of Matera and Potenza: 7/10ths of the territory comprises mountainous areas, 2/10ths hilly areas, while 1/10th is lowland. The mountains are situated to the west, while the costal and central area is hilly and in the Melfese area the ground is higher and woodier, extending towards the arid Murgia in the Matera district.

Figure 1: Basilicata – Map of the region

Source: DG Regio.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

The prevalence of mountain areas is one of the reasons for the low population density (61 inhabitants per square kilometre), well below the Italian and other Southern region averages. Indeed the region is characterized by a situation of demographic stagnation, one of the lowest of South Italy, apart from Molise and Abruzzo, with a persistent trend to polarization between urban areas with more than 5,000 inhabitants, which show greater vitality, and smaller areas which are more sensitive to depopulation.

Moreover the migration flows are very considerable (in 2006, 3,000 individuals migrated), accounted for mainly by the young and well-educated.

Another problematic issue in Basilicata lies in the labour market. The employment and unemployment rates are far above the national and European averages, even though the gap shows slight reduction in the time-horizon considered. The high level of unemployment and undeclared work2 on one hand, and the low participation rate of specific segments of the population – especially women and young people – and the fact that in Basilicata the population is aging more quickly3 than in other parts of Italy on the other, make the aggregate distribution between work and non work difficult to sustain over the long run.

1.1. Basilicata – General economic and social context

Table 1: Basilicata - Key socio-economic figures Regional level National level EU25 level Indicator 2000 2006 ∆ 2000 2006 ∆ 2000 2006 ∆ GDP per capita 83.6 74.3* -9.3 117.2 103.2 -14 105.0 103.9 -1.1 (in PPS EU27=100) Total Employment rate (15 years and 36.9 39.1 2.2 43.2 45.8 2.6 51.1 52.9 1.8 over, %) Total Unemployment 16.2 10.5 -5.7 10.6 6.8 -3.8 9.2 8.2 -1.0 rate (15 years and over, %) Population 600 593 -1.3% 56,942 58,941 3.5% 452,658 464,765 2.7% (thousands) Working age Population 396 389 -1.7% 38,409 38,946 1.4% 303,701 312,014 2.7% (15 -64 years, thousands) Source: CSIL and IRS processing on Eurostat data. * Data at 2005.

2 According to national estimates (SVIMEZ, 2005), the incidence of undeclared work reaches the 32% of the total of employed people (even more that the average of other Southern Regions) and it is especially concentrated in the agricultural sector and in the building trade sector. 3 In general, an ageing population may have a detrimental effect on the labour force, which could lead to a lack of skilled workers.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

During the period 2000-2005, the region experienced moderately positive GDP growth, as is shown in Figure 2, reflecting the trend at the national level fairly closely.

In general in 2005 Italy experienced economic stagnation, more evident in the Southern regions. In Basilicata, as in the other regions of southern Italy, the GDP increased, even faster than the Northern regions, until 2003, while in the following two-year period the dynamics decreased below the national average. Until 2003, however, the rate of growth in terms of GDP remained lower than that of the other European regions with a comparable level of development4. As a matter of fact, compared to the other European regions Basilicata, with Molise and Sardinia, has a GDP per capita of between 80% and 100% of the European average. As is shown in Table 1, the GDP pro capita (in Purchasing Power Parities) in percentage of the EU average decreased by 9.3% from 2000 to 2005.

The agricultural sector is still an important part of the regional economy: production however, with the exception of some notable areas, is mostly not based on valuable crops, because of the hilliness and low fertility of the land, together with frequent precipitations.

Industry has yet to see extensive development although there are some significant exceptions, such as the FIAT plant in the Melfese area and the sofa industries in the province of Matera. Among the predominant activities, the building trade is also well-represented. Natural resources are also important but have yet to be fully exploited, while the subsoil resources offer good opportunities for regional development, especially after the discovery of oil fields in the Val d’Agri area.

Figure 2: Basilicata - Annual average rate of GDP growth 2000-2005 (%)

5.0%

4.0% 3.6% 3.7% 3.4%

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

0.0% BASILICATA ITALY EU25

Source: CSIL and IRS processing on Eurostat data, on the base of a GDP at current prices (in millions of euro).

With regard to labour market trends, Basilicata, like the other regions of Southern Italy, shows more critical conditions than the rest of Italy. In the period considered Basilicata showed a positive trend attested by an increase of 2.2% in the regional employment rate, and a decrease of 5.7% in the unemployment rate, but the employment levels are still below the national and European rates.

In particular, as is shown in Table 1, the employment rate was 6.3% below the national average in 2000 and 6.7% in 2006. In the same period also the unemployment rate was above the national average, and far from the European rate.

4 Source: Bank of Italy, L’economia delle regioni italiane nel 2005, Questioni di Economia e Finanza, Num. 1, 2006.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

Moreover, there is another specific problem the region faces: the so-called “inactivity trap”, which affects mostly young people and women5. The local enterprises, given their fragmentation and weakness, are unable to bring to bear a labour demand sufficient to absorb the more educated individuals in the local labour market. On this point, it is important to underline that Basilicata is one of the Italian regions with the highest numbers of graduates but, at the same time, has the highest illiteracy rate (about 11% of the regional population). The improvement in labour market in the period 1998-2003 was characterised mainly by an improvement in the situation for young people. However, the difference between the reduction in unemployment of the young (-9%) and increase in their employment (+1.5%) is accounted for by the large-scale migration process involving mostly young people.

As is shown in Figure 3, the fall in the unemployment rate was seen more in the male population but, when compared with the national and European situation, the gender employment gap is evident.

Figure 3: Basilicata - Employment and unemployment rate by gender

BASILICATA BASILICATA Employment rate by gender Unemployment rate by gender ITALY ITALY 30 EU25 EU25 24.9 80 25 70 60.5 60.9 56.9 57.7 20 60 51.6 53.1 45.4 14.5 15.2 50 42.4 15 34.8 11.4 40 30.6 10.7 8.8 9.0 8.3 30 23.1 25.7 10 8.1 8.1 7.9 5.4 20 5 10 0 0 F M F M F M F M

2000 2006 2000 2006 Source: CSIL and IRS processing on Eurostat data. These data are referred to population aged 15 and over.

In the time horizon considered the male and female working-age population decreased in Basilicata as in Italy (see Figure 4), and this has serious implications from a gender point of view for labour market dynamics.

Figure 4: Basilicata - Population and working age population by gender

BASILICATA BASILICATA % of Total Population ITALY % of Total Working age Population ITALY 70% EU25 70% EU25 60% 51.3% 50.8% 50.9% 51.2% 60% 49.2% 48.7% 49.1% 48.8% 50.1% 50.0% 49.9% 50.0% 49.8% 49.9% 50.2% 50.1% 50% 50% 51.6% 51.4% 48.4% 48.6% 50.2% 49.8% 50.0% 50.0% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% 0% -10% F M F M F M F M 2000 2006 2000 2006 Source: CSIL and IRS processing on Eurostat data.

5 Source: SVIMEZ, “Rapporto Svimez 2007 sull’Economia del Mezzogiorno”, Il Mulino, 2007.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

1.2. Basilicata – Overview of demographic change

1.2.1. Basilicata - The regional situation of demographic change

Table 2: Basilicata - Key figures on demographic change Regional level National level EU25 level Indicator 2000 2005 ∆ 2000 2006 ∆ 2000 2006 ∆ Crude rate of population natural increase 0.3 -1.3 -1.7 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.8 1.2 0.4 (%) Crude rate of net migration -3.7 -2.8 1.0 0.9 6.4 5.5 1.6 3.5 1.9 (%) Old age dependency ratio 27.3 29.6 2.3 26.8 29.8 3.0 23.4 25.1 1.7 (%) Source: CSIL and IRS processing on Eurostat data.

As underlined before, Basilicata shows clear signals of demographic decline. In the period 2000- 2005 the regional population decreased by about 5,000 – one of the worst results among the Italian regions. This is accounted for on one hand by the low fertility rates, even below the low national average (see Figure 5) and, on the other hand, by high levels of migration.

Figure 5: Basilicata - Total fertility rate, 2000

2.0

1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2

1.0

0.5

0.0 BASILICATA ITALY EU25

Source: ESPON for the Regional total fertility rate, data available at 1999. Eurostat for the National and European total fertility rate.

In 2006 about 3,000 persons emigrated, the majority being young people aged between 20 and 306. Consequently migration is accounted for predominantly the youngest and better educated part of Basilicata’s population, which fails to find suitable occupational opportunities in the local labour market. This contributes to the ageing population which is distributed unevenly over the regional territory; the coming years may well show a lack of human resources that will contribute to a

6 Source: ISTAT, National Institute of Statistics.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

worsening of the labour market condition and, specifically, of labour force recruitment, especially for assistance to the ever-growing elderly population.

In fact, the crude rate of net migration values, despite the slight increase from 2000 to 2005, is still worrying, especially if considered together with the rates of the neighbouring regions, i.e. Campania, Puglia and Calabria. Migration phenomenon is not even offset by external immigration which finds scant attraction in Basilicata. The number of stable foreigners has slightly increased but is still below the levels of the other Italian regions.

The trend in the regional crude rate of natural population increase has consistently proved negative, also in the years prior to the period considered (with the one exception of the year 2000) and can be considered a physiological phenomenon. However, while Italy and the EU25 registered a small increase from 2000 to 2006, Basilicata registered the opposite trend.

Because of the prevalence of mountainous land, Basilicata has a very low population density (about 61 persons per square kilometre) and 90.4% of the population live in small and medium urban centres (around 1,011 inhabitants for urban centres). In particular, 70.6% of the population live in urban centres with fewer than 15,000 inhabitants; only five municipalities have more than 15,000 inhabitants, while 71 out of 131 municipalities have fewer than 3,000 inhabitants.

The demographic dynamics are closely correlated with economic growth performance. The worst economic performance is in fact registered in some hinterland areas, such as Montagna Materana and Lagonegrese). These areas are facing increasing isolation due to the demographic decline fomented by the considerable migration flow. Regional discrepancies are increasingly significant and some hinterland areas are facing increasing isolation, where the settlement costs are aggravated by territorial features and outflow of the population.

The region, especially in the mountain areas and on the Ionic coast, shows a clear trend to depopulation, caused both by migration dynamics and ageing population. In fact, as is shown in Table 2, the old age dependency ratio has increased by 2.3% from 2000 to 2005, in line with the national trend.

1.2.2. Basilicata - The regional policy context in relation to demographic change

The main elements that characterise the socio-economic context in relation to demographic change are reflected in the regional policy context. Specifically, Regional laws no. 1/1998, no. 1/2001 and no. 16/2002 (as briefly outlined in Table 3) can be identified as particularly relevant for the demographic change issue.

Regional Law 1/1998 promotes, through assignment of financial subsidies, the creation of enterprises held by young people as well as social enterprises. This law can be read as an attempt of the Regional Government to attract young people to remain in the Region and to contribute to local labour market growth. As underlined before, the phenomenon of young migration risks becoming a real problem for Basilicata’s development.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

Table 3: Basilicata – Policy interventions in the field of demographic change for the period 2000-2006

Name and year of the Main category of Level of Allocation Outline description intervention intervention government of resources

Support for the creation of Regional Law no. Business support enterprises held by young Regional n.a. 1/1998 people and social enterprises Regional Law no. Institution of industrial districts Other Regional n.a. 1/2001 and local productive systems Regional Law no. Support for Basilicata’s citizens Other Regional n.a. 16/2002 living abroad Note: ranked in a chronological order with thematic separation.

At the same time, Regional Law 1/2001, recognizing and instituting industrial districts and local productive systems as references for local economic development programmes7, are intended to increase the economic attractiveness of the region and reduce the regional disparity that, as seen before, characterizes the local labour market.

Because of the large scale of migration, the regional Government has established a specific law (Regional Law 16/2002) related to Basilicata’s citizens living abroad. The law defines the essential measures to sustain emigrant return through forms of solidarity and protection for the emigrants and their families, reinforcement of original identity, intervention for reintegration in the local labour market and social life, and financing of conventions and agreements with the areas more affected by migration, starting from university institutions.

7 They contribute in defining the local programming’s objectives, especially those related to technological innovations, energy saving, enterprises’ structural enhancement, development of local markets’ organisation, infrastructural adjustment, territorial image’s promotion, employment and local professional training activities, support at enterprises’ internationalization.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

1.3. Basilicata – Overview of gender equality

1.3.1. Basilicata - Gender equality in the regional context

Table 4: Basilicata - Key facts on equality condition Regional level National level EU25 level Indicator 2000 2006 ∆ 2000 2006 ∆ 2000 2006 ∆ Gender gap in employment rate* 28.5 27.4 - 1.1 26.3 22.9 - 3.4 18.1 15.5 -2.6 (%) Gender gap in unemployment rate** -13.5 -7.3 6.2 -6.4 -3.4 3.0 -2.6 -0.7 1.9 (%) Source: CSIL and IRS processing on Eurostat data. * Difference between the male and the female employment rates. ** Difference between the male and the female unemployment rates.

Women represent about 50% of the total regional population, which is in line with the national level.

Turning to the labour market, in 2000 women were about 50% of the unemployed looking for a job, showing low correspondence between female activity and employment. Of these, about 60% are women looking for their first job, while the men looking for their first job were about 40%.

The female labour market situation in Basilicata is quite similar to that of the other Southern Italy regions: there are evident difficulties in access to and permanence in the labour market, in access to managerial positions during the professional career, and in participation in decisional process, besides difficulties in reconciliation between working time and family life.

In Basilicata in 2006 the gender gaps in employment and unemployment rates were still higher than the national averages, although the situation has improved since 2000 and despite the fact that women in Basilicata reach higher educational qualifications than men of the same age, with lower rates of interruption and repetition. In spite of the fact that during the period 2003-2007 the incidence of female entrepreneurship decreased by 1.78%, Basilicata is one of the Southern Italian Regions, after Molise, with the highest percentage of female enterprises out of the total number of regional enterprises in (29.67%)8. This figure is even higher than the national one: in 2007 24.02% of all active enterprises were run by women.

As is shown in Figure 6, the participation of women in decision-making was far lower than the EU25 average at the end of the 2000-2006 period. The percentage registered in Basilicata is 2 points lower than the Italian average, but 20 points lower than the EU25 value, showing that this is a problematic issue not only at the regional level.

8 Source: Unioncamere, Observatory of female entrepreneurship, www.unioncamere.it.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

Figure 6: Basilicata - Share of women in regional assemblies, 2006

40.0

35.0 30.0 30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0 12.0 10.0 10.0

5.0

0.0 BASILICATA ITALY EU25

Source: DG Employment for the Share of Women in Regional Assemblies, data available at 2006.

1.3.2. Basilicata - The regional policy context in relation to gender equality

At the national level laws no. 125/1991, no. 215/1992 and no. 53/2003, together with regional laws no. 27/1991, no. 45/2000, no. 27/2004, no. 10/2005 and no. 26/2007 were identified as relevant for the gender equality issue. The Table 5 provides a brief description of the policies selected.

Table 5: Basilicata - Policy interventions in the field of gender equality for the period 2000-2006

Name and year Main category of Level of Allocation of of the Brief description intervention government Resources intervention Other (equal Positive actions for promoting Law no. 125/1991 opportunities in the equal opportunities in the labour National n.a. labour market) market The law supports business start- National with Law no. 215/1992 Business support ups and new investments in regional n.a. women-owned SMEs implementation The law support reconciliation Law no. 53/2000 Other policies between working and National n.a. family lives Institution of the Regional Regional Law no. Other Committee for Equal Regional n.a. 27/1991 Opportunities Regional Law no. Social Services Interventions in favour of families Regional € 3 million 45/2000

Regional Law no. Better coordination and use of Other Regional n.a. 27/2004 time Interventions for childhood and Regional Law no. Social Services adolescence rights and Regional n.a. 10/2005 opportunities Institution of a Regional Regional Law no. Other Observatory to prevent gender Regional n.a. 26/2007 and children violence Note: ranked in a chronological order with a thematic separation.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

Within the time horizon considered, at the national level, three laws in particular tackled important issues related to gender equality. These laws provided a normative framework allowing for the creation of equal opportunity policies providing for the development of projects that directly involved companies, unions, equality organisations and training centres.

Law 125/1991 aims to bring about substantial equality between women and men in the labour market. Its goal is to promote female employment by adopting positive actions that favour the elimination of obstacles preventing equal opportunities. Positive actions are promoted by:

− The National committee for the implementation of the principles of equality of treatment and opportunities among female and male workers;

− Equality advisors appointed by the Ministry of Employment and Social Security;

− Centres for equalities and equal opportunities at the national, local and corporate level;

− Public and private employers;

− National and local union organisations.

Law 215/1992 aims to support women’s entrepreneurship. The scheme applies to investment projects carried out by small firms managed and held by a woman or large majority of women. Assistance takes the form of capital grants for projects related to setting up a new business, or to an existing business take-over, to the reorganisation or modernisation of an existing business or to advisory service sourcing. The eligibility and grants of applicant firms are decided after evaluation of the projects submitted. The available funds are granted on the basis of regional and sectoral shortlists. Project ranking depends on specific criteria related to the percentage of women partners in the firm or company shares held by women, number of jobs created and employed women, project types and regional priorities.

Implementation of this law at the regional level shows the great interest shows great interest shows how great interest is (high and increasing number of instances presented) in female entrepreneurship, especially in the new economic sector associated with tourism and artistic hand- craft. At the same time, it shows the real need to obtain financial support from the Government (at both national and regional level) given the rigidity of the Basilicata banking system, considered more unfavourable than in other Italian regions, especially towards women9.

Law 53/2000, in article 9, supports positive actions aiming at the reconciliation of work and family life. The law supports companies adopting positive actions aimed to promote forms of work articulation, and in particular in terms of flexibility. The measures consist in the payment of benefits and at least 50% are devoted to companies with fewer than fifty employees.

At the regional level, other important legislative interventions took place in the period considered.

Regional Law 27/1991 instituted the Regional Committee for Equal Opportunities, elected by the Regional Council as long as the regional legislature lasts. The Regional Committee for Equal Opportunities carries out cognitive surveys and researches on gender equality and can propose

9 Ernst & Young, Valutazione indipendente del POR Basilicata 2000-2006 - Rapporto di Valutazione Intermedia, Dicembre 2003.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

bills on professional training, employment, assistance, social services in order to improve the existing normative framework regarding substantial equality. Moreover, the Committee supervises the regular enforcement of equal opportunity laws, also through forms of permanent cooperation with the Ombudsman Bureau.

Regional Law 45/2000 promotes interventions in favour of families, through social assistance, health, cultural and territorial programming. The aim is to involve family issues in social assistance actions to improve family quality of life.

Regional Law 27/2004, implementing national law 53/2000, promotes better coordination and use of time in relation to a better quality of life. This is pursued through improved coordination between public and private service schedules, reorganization of work and personal time in order to promote social inclusion and equal opportunities between women and men.

Regional Law 10/2005 promotes interventions for child and adolescent rights and opportunities and for the development of children-friendly urban projects. These are related to policies and actions aimed to create a better quality of life in urban areas, also by redeveloping abandoned and degraded areas.

Regional Law 26/2007 institutes a Regional Observatory to prevent violence against women and children; it monitors on all the problems concerning this social issue and provides guidance and operating proposals.

1.4. Basilicata - Conclusion

The analysis of the context in relation to demographic issues has shown clear signs of demographic decline characterised by:

− a significant depopulation trend;

− a negative net migration trend, especially in the more isolated areas of the Regions;

− low fertility rates;

− population older than the national average, with an increasing trend.

All these elements can contribute to the worsening of conditions in the local labour market and to the impoverishment of human resources (especially the young and highly educated, forced to emigrate in search of jobs).

The analysis of the context in relation to gender equality has shown a significant, albeit decreasing, gender gap in both employment and unemployment mainly connected to the so called “inactivity trap” and to serious difficulties, given the lack of public care services10, in reconciliation between working and family spheres. In details:

10 Considering the availability of nursery schools, in 2006 in Basilicata there were 27 nursery schools, a number much lower than the average in Southern Italian Regions (119) and in Northern Italy (312 and the highest number is registered in Veneto, where there were 890 nursery schools in 2006).

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

− low female activity rate (in 2000 women were just 36% of the active labour force);

− high unemployment rate;

− scarce and difficult access to the labour market (58.5% of women searching for first job), especially for women with young children.

In both cases, the policies previously presented (sub-paragraph 1.3.2.) are geared to these issues setting out to tackle, from the demographic point of view, the problem of migration and the scant economic attractiveness of the region and, from the gender equality point of view, to increase the level of female participation in the labour market.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

2. BASILICATA - ANALYSIS OF THE ERDF REGIONAL STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES IN RELATION TO DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND GENDER EQUALITY

2.1. Basilicata - Introduction

This chapter provides a description of the general and priority objectives of Regional Operational Programme Basilicata Ob.1 2000-2006. It verifies how demographic change and gender equality are taken into account by the programme strategy and the monitoring and evaluation system, and through organisation of the management system and/or the stakeholders’ representation. It also aims to provide a selection of significant measures for further analysis of the results and impacts.

Both demographic change and gender equality were identified as important issues for the region in the programme’s socio-economic analysis and strategy, and indirectly tackled in the programme Axis and measures. Many interventions aimed indirectly to tackle the demographic problems and make the region more attractive for people and businesses, endeavouring to avoid depopulation and high migration flows and, at the same time, supporting gender equality, especially in relation to the support and the development of female entrepreneurship and support in reconciliation between working and family lives.

2.2. Basilicata – Analysis of the regional strategy and implementation procedure regarding demographic change

The aim of this paragraph is to provide an assessment of the extent to which demographic changes have been taken into account by programme and policy design and by implementation procedures.

Table 6: Basilicata – Analysis of the strategy regarding demographic change At a general level, the regional programme strategy shows awareness of the main issues that characterise the socio-economic context. The general objectives of the strategy are, in fact, aimed to: - overcome the peripheral condition of the territory via adjustment and development of material and immaterial networks; General Objective - guarantee sustainable growth, with a particular attention to those activities which create more job opportunities. Both these general objectives have significant connections with the demographic changes previously identified, and in particular with the great regional disparities in terms of depopulation and economic growth. Demographic issues are reflected indirectly in most of the Axis objectives, especially Axis Objectives those related to enhancing regional attractiveness and connection of different regional areas. In the Operational Programme measures, issues related to demographic changes are taken into account especially with regard to the attractiveness of the region and the Specific Objectives interventions aimed to avoid depopulation (especially of young people), such as (Measures) support for tourism and business ventures and/or policies for the reinforcement and regeneration of urban areas. With regard to these issues, we must also mention the National Operational Programme for Local Development, which has provided

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

support for initiatives aiming at preventing or reducing the environmental impact of economic activities. Integrated aid packages have also been granted covering investment in equipment, research and development, innovation, guaranteed access to credit and staff qualification. In particular the following measures can be considered important in relation to demographic issues: - Measure I. 4 “Ecologic network” included in Priority I “Natural resources”. - Measure III.3 “School building trade” included in Priority III “Human resources”. - Measures IV.1 “Improvement of industry, crafts and service infrastructures”, IV.6 “Tourism enhancement and promotion” and IV.20 “Promotion of internationalization of Basilicata system” included in Priority IV “Local systems of development”. - Measures VI.1 “Development of transport local networks” and VI.2 “Non-material networks” included in Priority VI“Service’s networks and junctions”. The context analysis includes many elements related to demographic change issues. In particular, the regional weaknesses have to do with the low population density and the depopulation trend, the increasing isolation some areas of the region are Context analysis facing (in particular, inland mountainous areas and the Ionic coast show higher depopulation rates through migration and ageing population), the migration ratio, especially in the case of young people. Involvement of the stakeholders in the Informal involvement of the Regional Commission of the Lucani people abroad. design phase

As is shown in the Table 6, issues related to adaptation to demographic change are taken into account throughout the Operational Programme through measures that may indirectly tackle the local needs. This testifies to an awareness of these issues by regional officials.

In general the strategy is designed to remove all barriers to the enhancement of the social economic context via the increase of infrastructures and services. At the same time it aims at enhancing instruments that can affect enterprise location in the regional territory.

Table 7: Basilicata – Analysis of the implementation of demographic change Although no specific monitoring arrangements were made for demographic change, it can be said that some measure indicators were indirectly able to monitor the programme results and impacts on demographic issues. For Monitoring arrangements example: specific for demographic Measure IV.1 ”Improvement of infrastructures for industry, crafts and services”: change - Result indicator: percentage of completed areas in the total regional surface (%) is representative of the functional attraction level of the Region; Measure IV.6 “Enhancement and promotion of tourism”: - Result indicator: winter tourist infrastructure users’ growth rate; Stakeholder participation in Stakeholders with a demographic focus (such as migrants’ or old people’s the Monitoring Committee associations) were not specifically involved in the Monitoring Committee. Stakeholder participation in There was no specific stakeholder (such as migrants’ or old people’s the evaluation associations) involvement in the evaluation phase as regards “demographic activities/process change” issues. Although no specific design of project selection criteria was made for Design and effectiveness of demographic change, it can be said that many criteria were indirectly able to the project selection criteria monitor the programme results and impacts on demographic issues. For regarding demographic example: change The project selection criteria for Measure III.3 “Education building” included: - School crowding density and number of users of educational services.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

The project selection criteria for Measure IV.1 “Improvement of infrastructures for industry, crafts and services” included: - Interventions to cover complete usability in the productive areas involved The project selection criteria for Measure IV.20 “Promotion of internalization of Basilicata” included: - New job opportunity creation; - Localization of interventions in areas with textile industries and district productive polarities. The project selection criteria for Measure VI.1 “Development of local transport network” included: - implementation of cross connections between the main valley bottom guiding principles; - improvement of urban centre accessibility.

2.3. Basilicata – Analysis of the regional strategy and implementation procedure regarding gender equality

Table 8 Basilicata – Analysis of the strategy regarding gender equality The regional ERDF programme aimed at: - increasing employment of the working-age population and qualifying human resources via the development of entrepreneurship, adaptability of enterprises and workers, reinforcement of equal opportunities of women and men, in addition to the development of new training systems. General Objective In the strategy to guarantee social cohesion a central role is played by the principle of equal opportunities between women and men and by the gender mainstreaming principle. In particular this principle concerns equal opportunities for women in access to and participation in the labour market and all categories of disadvantaged people (poor, disables, immigrants, ethnic minorities) at risk of exclusion from the active labour market policies. Gender equality is considered a horizontal issue and thus informs all the Axis Objectives. A specific chapter of the programme is dedicated to the application of the GIA (Gender Impact Assessment applied ex ante on all the programme Axis and measures) via the national VISPO Guidelines, on the basis of which to compile an appropriate “matrix of ex ante Axis Objectives impacts in terms of equal opportunities” in order to investigate the relationship between the specific objectives of the programme with the different types of gender impact: improvement of living conditions (especially for women), access to labour market and education, improvement of working conditions, redistribution of care responsibilities, promotion of female participation in the creation of socio-economic activities. The following measures have been considered by GIA (see above) to have a positive impact on gender equal opportunities: - Measure II.1 “Preservation and enhancement of historical and cultural resources” included in Specific Priority II “Cultural resources” Objectives - Measure IV.4 “Support for services for enterprises”, Measure IV.5 “Support for tourism and (Measures) business ventures” and Measure IV.19 “Promotion of enterprises in the sectors of industry, crafts, trade and services” included in Priority IV “Local development systems” - Measure V.2 “Services for individuals and for the community” included in Priority V “Cities” A specific chapter of the context analysis deals with different elements concerning equal Context analysis opportunities and gender issues. Statistical data on female conditions in labour market are also provided. An Authority for Equal Opportunities created in 2005 has taken on the competences of Equal Opportunities representative (see Box 1). These competences concern the monitoring and Involvement of the integration, in all stages of the structural funds’ administration, of equal opportunities stakeholders in the objectives. Moreover, since the beginning of the programming period 2000-2006, the National design phase Department for Equal Opportunities at the Presidency of the Council appointed a Local Task Force of Technical Assistance (see Box 2)

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

The Regional Operational Programme shows great attention to gender equality issues. The gender mainstreaming principle is spread along all the Programme, thanks also to development, within the Managing Authority, of an organizational asset (Authority for Equal Opportunities) to support the governance of gender equal opportunities policies in the Region. This has made it possible to identify ex ante the main field of interventions where regional strategy intended to give concrete answers with respect to gender equality. Particular emphasis has been given to:

− the development of the female entrepreneurship;

− the development of social infrastructures in order to facilitate reconciliation between working and family lives.

This commitment has increased, especially subsequent to the mid-term review, due mainly to the increasing awareness of gender equality issues on the part of the Regional officials.

BOX 1 - Regional Authority for Gender Policies The launch of Authorities for Gender Policies is an organisational and managerial solution to integrate correctly and efficiently the principle of gender mainstreaming in all the initiatives undertaken by the Regional Operational Programmes (ROP). This structure is represented by an Officer for Equal opportunities in the Managing Authority, making use of the support of the local task forces of the Department of Equal Opportunities (see Box 2) and the team of the network of equal opportunity promoters, the latter consisting of one or more managers who work in the regional administration offices and the operating bodies of the Region. The body acts in all the implementation stages of the programme and plays a role of consultation, proposal and promotion with regard to equal opportunities in relation to the ROP Managing Authority. It also performs the function of bringing together the various institutional players who for various reasons take part in the implementation of equal opportunity policies. This Authority also has the task of taking action in the stage of drawing up public tenders, through an initial opinion, which is set as obligatory, even if not binding, in order to suggest adjustments and corrections in the case that, during definition of the initiative, adequate account had not been taken of the equal opportunity cross-cutting priority. In the Basilicata Region, the Authority for Gender Policies is established at the Managing Authority offices and it is regulated by the Regulation of the Regional governance system for issues of Community relevance (DGR 847/2003) that identify its functions as assuring, on the basis of European, national and regional principles, integration of the principle of equality and of gender equal opportunities within the interventions co-financed by Structural Funds.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

BOX 2 - Local task forces on gender equality In the 2000 – 2006 programming period, the Department of Equal Opportunities of the Presidency of the Council of Ministries (DEO) carried out support activity for the various Administrations involved in managing Structural Funds for the internalisation of the principle of equal opportunities between men and women, as also with the broader and cross-cutting principle of gender mainstreaming, in the various stages of programming and implementation. With the financial contribution of ERDF, the DEO activated within the National OP “Technical Assistance and System Actions” for Ob. 1 Regions (Ob. 1 TASA NOP - Measure 1.2 “Technical assistance actions and operative support for the organisation and realisation of activities to direct, coordinate and orient central Administrations”), managed by the Ministry of Economics and Finance, an operative project aimed to support regional management in relation to gender equality issues. The specific aims of the project are: to provide for continuous updating of the VISPO (Strategic Impact Assessment of Equal Opportunities) guidelines; to contribute to the implementation, monitoring, and assessment of the effectiveness and control of the measures and actions adopted by Objective 1 CSF, in order to achieve the principle of equal opportunities for men and women; to develop a network of stakeholders and actions raise awareness throughout the region; and to develop a constructive programme of experience sharing and growth. To achieve these purposes, the DEO set up local task forces at the Managing Authorities of the Objective 1 ROPs (covering Central and Southern Italian regions) consisting of two gender experts per Region. Their activities can be summarised in two broad categories: activities to support and assist the implementation of equal opportunities and gender mainstreaming in carrying out the ROP; activities regarding institutional networking and contact enhancement aimed at carrying out initiatives to promote the culture of equality and equal opportunities. Their presence in the Regions, reflecting an ever broader decentralisation of activities, has enabled the implementation of more effective and efficient technical support to develop regional programming from a gender viewpoint, with particular reference to the activities linked to mid-term review and to the need for progressive diversification of technical assistance activities in the various regional contexts.

The attention to gender equality shown by the regional strategy in the programming phase was also concretised in the implementation phase, albeit at a lower level due more to the slowness of overall programme implementation than to lack of attention. This has involved particular attention to including specific gender criteria for all the OP measures, activating specific gender-oriented attention in most of the ERDF interventions.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

The Table 9 summarise the main elements in relation to this aspect.

Table 9: Basilicata – Analysis of the implementation of gender equality A “qualitative monitoring” activity has been implemented by the Local Gender task Force. From the gender viewpoint, qualitative monitoring has the aim of checking how some projects have concretely implemented equal opportunities Monitoring arrangements in carrying out their activities in relation to various variables/elements specific for gender issues considered especially relevant to gender. The activity started from ESF interventions; ERDF interventions, even if identified and selected, were not analysed due to slowness in their implementation. The gender experts appointed by the National Department of Equal Opportunity and the Authority for Equal Opportunities were consulted by the Stakeholder participation in Monitoring Committee, participated on the Operational Programme Steering the Monitoring Committee Committees and cooperated with the Operational Programme independent evaluator for the period 2000-2006. Stakeholders participation in the evaluation See above activities/process The local task force and the Authority for gender policies were involved in Design and effectiveness of proposing and introducing gender selection criteria (both qualitative and the projects selection criteria quantitative) along all the programme measures. As regards ERDF measures, used for gender attention was mainly focussed on female firm ownership and introducing mainstreaming intervention for the development of flexible labour forms (in terms of timetables, for example) and enhancement of social infrastructures.

2.4. Basilicata –Selected measures for the case studies

On the basis of the Impact Assessment (see First Intermediate Report) and discussions with the Managing Authority, twelve measures were selected for further analysis with respect to their effects in terms of enabling adaptation to demographic change and gender equality.

The Table 10 summarizes the seven measures selected for further analysis in relation to demographic change and the five relating to gender equality.

With regard to measures contributing to adaptation to demographic change, they were chosen because dealing with two different but interconnected issues:

− regional discrepancies through the development of local transport networks able to increase ground connections between isolated areas and more populated ones, but also through the spreading of ITC connections;

− regional capacity to attract people from abroad and capacity to curb migration through interventions aimed to reinforce the local productive systems, the social infrastructures (in specific schools) and the image of Basilicata.

The two categories are, of course, interconnected as well as their impact on the regional capacity to adapt to regional changes.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

Table 10: Basilicata – Selected measures in relation to demographic change and gender equality for the period 2000-2006 Allocation of ERDF resources in Main category of Measure Outline description Beneficiaries Focus absolute value (€ intervention M) and % of total ERDF resources Building ecologic networks I.4 Business support/ Local 15,136 to increase tourism and D Ecological network infrastructures administrations (3.49) regional attractiveness Set of different interventions II.1 (firms aids. fairs. Preservation and Business Local architectural restores. etc.) 34,085 enhancement of support/infrastruct administrations G aimed to enhance the (7.85) historical and cultural ures/other Enterprises regional historical and resources cultural resources III.3 Local 19,345 Infrastructures Reinforcing school structure D Education building administrations (4.46) IV.1 Improvement of Supplying equipped areas 25,135 infrastructures for Infrastructures for the localization of Local districts D 5.79% industry. crafts and productive settlements services IV.2 Market policies for 15,000 industrial. Hand-craft. Business support Financial aids Enterprises G (3.46) trade and services enterprises Financial aid for IV.5 infrastructural enlargements 17,136 Support for tourism and Business support and/or the promotion of Enterprises G (3.95) business ventures entrepreneurial initiatives in specific strategic sectors IV.6 Promoting the regional Local 32,003 Enhancement and Other D touristic image administrations (7.37) promotion of tourism IV.19 Promotion of enterprises 19,036 Business support Financial aid Enterprises G in the sectors of industry. (4.39) Crafts. trade and services IV.20 Promotion of Opening up to international 1,206 Other Enterprises D internationalization of markets (0.28) Basilicata V.2 Infrastructure restoring 2,080 Services for individuals Infrastructures and/or rebuilding for social Social enterprises G (0.48) and for the community activities VI.1 Reinforcing the main 58,817 Development of local Infrastructures Local districts D regional road systems (13.55) transport networks Local VI.2 Promoting the widespread 38,010 Other administrations D Non material networks use of new IT technologies (8.76) Enterprises Note: focus may be G=gender; D=demographic; GD=both.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

Interventions focused on the development of transport networks have an impact on the possibility of adapting to the demographic change of depopulation. Transport infrastructure and the development and expansion of new technologies could help remote areas draw “closer” (even if they are not so geographically). Specific measures enhancing accessibility and connectivity could potentially have a high impact on demographic change and also contribute in the fight against the e-exclusion of older people, ensuring that ICT itself does not constitute a barrier to participation. Therefore, it is important that the creation of ICT infrastructures comes with accompanying measures.

At the same time, all the interventions aiming at enhancing local development in terms of both economic and social factors increase tourism and regional attractiveness impact positively to support the integration of incoming populations and their contribution to economic development. Especially in rural areas and/or areas isolated from others, there is the need to attract/keep young people and demographic renewal also through the supplying of equipped areas for the localization of productive settlements and/or the through the provision/strengthening of basic services such as educational facilities.

Also with regard to measures contributing to gender equality, selection can be accounted for in relation to two different but interconnected issues:

− support for and the increase in female entrepreneurship especially in specific sectors like artistic crafts, tourism;

− enhancing social and care services able to support women in the reconciliation of working and family lives.

These issues include support for the development and competitiveness of local enterprises better to meet the needs of women, support for women’s entrepreneurship and/or support for networks and associations of women business-owners, and mentoring activities by and for women.

These measures, when related to specific economic sectors, increase their impact on gender equality, as is the case of sectors aiming at development of the environment, or the local culture, or the tourist sector, which is often related, within the Basilicata Obj.1 programme, to female competences and aptitudes. Tourism growth offers additional employment opportunities, immediate prospects and flexibility, especially to women wishing to return to paid employment.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

3. BASILICATA – DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF ERDF INTERVENTIONS IN ENABLING ADAPTATION TO DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE

This chapter will examine the contribution of the programme to adaptation to demographic change, analysing the results and impacts of the selected programme measures.

3.1. Basilicata – Outputs of measures concerning demographic change

The purpose of this analysis is to verify the actual performance of the programme in terms of adaptation to demographic change.

Table 11: Basilicata – Performance of the measures adapting to demographic change Expected direct/in direct* effects effects direct* direct/in Expected Budget budget programme total % of Actual expenditure % of total programme expenditure Fields of intervention Outputs market labour the to access Equal conditions Improvement of working entrepreneurial capacities Improvement of depopulation / Rural concentration Urban population Quality of life of elderly Other Description Quantification (€ M)

Measure (€ M)

Interventions on sector-based 2 plans and programs Interventions on sector-based 667,853 plans and programs (population) Interventions on sector-based 11,043.99 plans and programs (mq.) Interventions on sector-based plans and programs 3 (organisations involved) Interventions on sector-based 2,230 plans and programs (work-days) Events 11 Events (population) 199,000 Events (mq.) 19,665.97 I.4 Events (organisations involved) 23 Ecological I X X 15.14 3.49 11.46 37.87 Information and care centres 3 network Information and care centres 220 (mq.) Information and care centres 20 (capacity in seats) Equipped areas for the fruition 1 of environmental estate Equipped areas for the fruition 330 of environmental estate (mq) Equipped areas for the fruition of environmental estate (no. of 1 paths ) Protected surface (km.) 11 Protected surface (ha) 21.118,06 Protected species 4

Case Study – Basilicata (IT) Expected direct/in direct* effects effects direct* direct/in Expected Budget budget programme % of total Actual expenditure % of total programme expenditure Fields of intervention Outputs market labour the to access Equal conditions Improvement of working entrepreneurial capacities Improvement of depopulation / Rural concentration Urban population Quality of life of elderly Other Description Quantification (€ M)

Measure (€ M)

Interventions (no.) 109 III.3 Surface (mq.) 139,011.11 Education I X X X 19.35 4.46 33.45 86.45 Capacity 12,383 building Users 7,338 IV.1 Equipped industrial areas (no. of Improvement of 5 interventions) infrastructures I X X X 25.14 5.79 35.79 71.20 for industry, Equipped crafts areas (no. of crafts and 16 interventions) services Initiatives for the enhancement 5 of tourism (promotions) Initiatives for the enhancement 77 of tourism (exhibitions) Initiatives for the enhancement 82 of tourism (territorial marketing) Initiatives for the enhancement of tourism (no. of studies and 1 researches) Shared services for touristic IV.6 companies (no. of interventions 1 Enhancement of territorial marketing) I X X X 32.00 7.37 62.99 98.41 and promotion of Touristic enhancement (no. of 87 tourism equipped areas) Touristic enhancement (mq. for 11,283.44 equipped areas) Touristic enhancement (mq. of 12,283.63 structures for sport and leisure) Touristic enhancement (no. of interventions for sport and 88 leisure) Touristic enhancement (no. of 12 paths) Touristic enhancement (km.) 49.16 Shared services for little and IV.20 medium enterprises (no. of 402 Promotion of enterprises involved) I X X X 1.21 0.28 0.33 13.68 internationalizati Shared services for little and on of Basilicata medium enterprises (no. of 9 interventions) VI.1 Interventions (no.) 65 Development of I X X X 58.82 13.55 105.65 88.50 local transports Web length (km.) 101.37 network Information society basic infrastructures (no. of 86 organisations involved) VI.2 Information society basic Non-material I X X X X X infrastructures (no. of network 1,535 38.01 8.76 83.70 108.50 network connections) Information society basic infrastructures (no. of connected 123 information systems)

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change” Expected direct/in direct* effects effects direct* direct/in Expected Budget budget programme % of total Actual expenditure % of total programme expenditure Fields of intervention Outputs market labour the to access Equal conditions Improvement of working entrepreneurial capacities Improvement of depopulation / Rural concentration Urban population Quality of life of elderly Other Description Quantification (€ M)

Measure (€ M)

Information society basic 1,753 infrastructures (no. of pc) Information society basic infrastructures (no. of others HW 1,189 devices) Applications and information systems development in the 4 public administration (no. of information systems) Applications and information systems development in the 14 public administration (no. of data transmission systems) IT interventions in the public administration (no. of schools 22 involved) IT interventions in the public administration (no. of connected 12 network) IT interventions in the public administration (no. of connected 13 information systems) IT interventions in the public administration (no. of others HW 1,501 devices) Data transmission services for the users (no. of installed 68,614 observatories/telephone terminals) Data transmission services for 72 the users (no. data bases) Data transmission services for the users (no. of organisations 101 involved in the implementation) IT services for enterprises (no of 200 enterprises involved) IT services for enterprises (no. of organisations involved in the 1 implementation) *For direct measures, we mean measures directly supporting specific target groups of the population (elderly, immigrants, etc.), while for indirect measures we mean measures not directly targeting these specific groups but that may have an indirect effect on adaptation to demographic change.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

In detail:

• Measure I.4 - “Ecologic network” aims to design and construct an ecological network for the improvement of regional natural resources, for the rescue of compromised areas and for the right environmental fruition of resources. This ecological network is intended as an infrastructure in support of consistent development and supply of regional assets and values.

Consistently with the general objectives and the priorities, the measure is divided into three different actions:

− Action A “Accompaniment and support activities”.

− Action B “Environmental protection and preservation interventions”.

− Action C “Support for eco-friendly economic activities”.

In December 2007 the measure registered commitments amounting to 22,574,918 €, that is 74.5% of the measure’s total budget. Nevertheless, the amount of commitments registered is still lower than the budget provisions because of procedural problems connected with the activation of some integrated interventions for environmental protection. With regard to the certified expenditure, the percentage of realization is around 37.8%.

As far as the physical realization is concerned, the measure shows significant progress, especially for those interventions involving environmental protection and preservation. Progress can be seen in the ambit of Action A, connected to the promotion of events for environmental regeneration and education and for the definition of the ecological network’s management tools.

• Measure III.3 – “Education building” aims at encouraging adaptation and enhancement of the overall school structure (especially in more peripheral areas), in particular via the reinforcement of technological infrastructures and services, in order to enhance the current school building supply.

Under this measure, intervention typologies are:

− restructuring and adaptation of those school infrastructures which are inadequate and inaccessible by disabled persons;

− restructuring of school infrastructures consistently with the regional and national objectives of school and social inclusion;

− interventions to improve the school environment and enhance school activities;

− wiring interventions;

− development of didactic technologies, laboratories and multimedia libraries;

− construction of new school buildings;

− university building.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

The measure obtained a remarkable increase of 34.85% of the financial budget during 2007; monitored expenditure at the end of 2007 came to around 88.07% of the admissible expenses, while the certified expenses at the same time was around 86.45% of the total budget.

At the end of 2007, physical realization indicators show considerable advances over the previous year. However, these indicators show lower performance if compared with the financial flow adjustments, but this is a matter of the construction of the indicators themselves: the physical realization indicators concern only completed projects, while also ongoing projects are included in the financial indicators.

• Measure IV.1 – “Improvement of infrastructures for industry, crafts and services” aims at improving and reinforcing the material and non-material infrastructures and the logistics of regional supply of equipped areas for the localization of productive plants. In particular the measure is articulated in two different actions:

− Action A “Industrial areas”

− Action B “Hand-crafted areas”

The measure achieved quite positive performance in financial terms with about the 84.61% of the planned expenses already paid. The certified expenses at the end of 2007 were about 71.20% of the total budget.

In 2007 two industrial areas were completed. In all, 6 industrial areas, financed by Action A, and 16 crafts areas, financed by Action B, are fully equipped.

• Measure IV.6 “Enhancement and promotion of tourism” aims at promoting and diffusing the regional tourist image in order to increase employment, to promote the region at the international level and highlight natural, historical and cultural resources.

The measure achieved positive performance in financial terms, with about 98.4% of the planned assistance already paid to the recipients by the end of 2007.

The output of interventions is currently in line with the initial target and, compared with the previous year, in 2007 more projects were completed. In particular, in the ambit of Action A, many events and territorial marketing initiatives, especially concerning hinterland areas were implemented to promote the regional territory.

• Measure IV.20 “Promotion of internationalization of Basilicata” aims at promoting and supporting the regional economy, opening up to international markets, and motivating integration and cooperation systems with international partners, and especially with operators from Basilicata working abroad.

The measure is articulated in three actions:

− Action A “Assistance and international consultancy for SME”

− Action B “Regional front office for internationalisation of enterprises (SPRINT)”

− Action C “Foreign trade project”

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The measure was introduced in the programme after the mid-term review and in 2007 registered a financial advance amounting to 22.21% of the budget. The certified spending at the end of 2007 came to about 13.53% of the planned expenditure; however this cannot be considered a realistic picture of the activities implemented because of the long time required for the statement of accounts.

With regard to the output of interventions, we may mention the participation of local entities in different promotional activities organised by the Ministry of International Trade and the Regional Administration.

• Measure VI.1 “Development of local transports network” aims at overcoming the infrastructural discrepancies in the regional transports system and developing the main regional road systems.

The measure is articulated in four actions:

− Action A “Network of roads at regional level”;

− Action B “Network of roads at inter-regional level”;

− Action C “Aerodrome surfaces;

− Action D “Logistic infrastructures”.

The measure was re-financed in 2007 and has maintained positive growth trends. The amount of commitments increased by about 26% over 2006 and also the certified expenditure rose by about 26.71%.

The output of interventions registered in 2007 an implementation percentage of 14.14% with regard to Action B, with a number of interventions equal to 68.42% of those planned in the OP.

• Measure VI.2 “Non-material networks” aims at promoting the widespread use of new information technologies, developing regional the Public Administration’s web services, promoting a better quality of life via simpler access to essential services for citizens, besides promoting the internationalization of local enterprises and their integration and economic cooperation.

Plans have been made for the implementation of an integrated system of non-material networks based on new IT technologies and telecommunications.

In this context the measure is articulated in two actions:

− Action A “Development of IT society”

− Action B “Internationalization”

The measure achieved positive performance in financial terms, with the 108.5% of the planned assistance already paid to the recipients.

Similar positive results were obtained in the physical realization of interventions, showing almost all the indicators with values above 100%. These interventions concern both the Information Society basic infrastructures and the IT services.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

3.2. Basilicata – Results and impacts of measures concerning demographic change

This section develops the analysis of the seven measures selected in the preceding section, basing on the interviews with regional and provincial officials and analysis of the official documentation.

Table 12: Basilicata - Effectiveness of the measures adapting to demographic change Expected indirect/ direct* effects* effects* direct* indirect/ Expected Fields of intervention Results (direct/indirect)* Impacts (direct/indirect)* market market labour the to access Equal conditions Improvement of working capacities Improvement of entrepreneurial Depopulation / Rural concentration Urban population Quality of life of elderly Other Description Quantification Description Quantification

Measure

The impact is in terms of jobs created/ safeguarded and a better Rehabilitated surface area quality of life as a result of the I.4 I X X – Sq Km. 17.36 construction of the ecological Ecological network Target: n.a network/regional attractiveness/diminishing regional discrepancies The impacts are in terms of improved services in the more III.3 Suitable schools out of the disadvantaged areas and of better I X X X 15.5 Education building total regional schools (%) opportunities for young 54 people/diminishing regional discrepancies. % of equipped industrial areas out of the total IV.1 The impacts are in terms of jobs regional surface 31.3 Improvement of created and in improvement of Target: 29 infrastructures for I X X X working conditions//regional % of equipped craft areas industry, crafts and attractiveness/diminishing regional out of the total regional services discrepancies. surface 12.3 Target: 75 IV.6 % growth of potential The impacts are in terms of jobs Enhancement and users of winter created especially in the tourism I X X X promotion of infrastructures 20 sector and in the promotion also of tourism Target: 41.38 the hinterland mountain areas. The impact is in terms of jobs IV.20 % growth of enterprises created directly for the realization Promotion of opening to international of planned interventions and D/I X X X internationalization markets 102.4 indirectly for the development of of Basilicata Target: 26.95 regional productivity capacities, and attractiveness. The impacts are in terms of job VI.1 created especially during the Average accessibility Development of 56.8 realization of interventions and in I X X X (ISFORT index**) local transports n.a. terms of better connections in the Target: network regional territory to diminish regional discrepancies.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT) Expected indirect/ direct* effects* effects* direct* indirect/ Expected Fields of intervention Results (direct/indirect)* Impacts (direct/indirect)* market market labour the to access Equal conditions Improvement of working capacities Improvement of entrepreneurial Depopulation / Rural concentration Urban population Quality of life of elderly Other Description Quantification Description Quantification

Measure

% growth of families with 298.32 personal computers 260.86 Target: % growth of population with fast internet connections 550 VI.2 The impacts are in terms of better Target: n.a Non-material I X X X X X quality of life and less isolation in No. of electronic signature network the hinterland areas. certificates 3,135 Target: 3,000 Variation (Δ) of the no. of local administration with fast internet 250 Target: 300 * The distinction between direct and indirect impacts lies in the effects of interventions, not the type of intervention or objectives, even if direct impacts are usually the results of interventions targeted at specific population groups (specific measures or positive actions), while indirect effects are usually related to “system interventions”, such as infrastructures, which are not targeted at specific population groups (mainstream measures). ** ISFORT is the Freight Transport and Logistic National Observatory.

• Measure I.4 – “Ecological network”

Measure I.4 implemented important interventions during the 2000-2006 period that impacted on the community, especially in terms of jobs created and safeguarded and in terms of increasing regional attractiveness in order to try to prevent migration. Many of the interventions are also located in remote areas usually somewhat isolated and not fully developed (see Box 3).

We may note complete activation of “Action A – Accompaniment and support activities”, which involved the start-up of projects mainly related to the promotion of environmental education in the protected areas, compiling a land register on the pathway system and promotion of interventions for the re-introduction of wild fauna.

With regard to interventions under “Action B – Environmental protection and preservation interventions”, which are mostly infrastructural financing, we see excellent performance both in interventions under the APE Programme11 and in those financed by direct procedure in order to cut the time taken by administrative procedures . All six projects involved in the Matera province and covered by the Programme Agreement (APQ in the Italian acronym) “Protected area” were completed (realization of regional protected areas, especially those involved in

11 The APE Project (Appennino Parco d’Europa) is a national programme applied to a rash of territories of Appennino mountain range. The programme aims at the preservation of the nature and the enhancement of the environmental and cultural resources.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

Natura 2000 Network12) and the others (infrastructures building and renewal of specific landscape sites) are almost finished.

In the early months of 2007, the Territorial Integrated Projects (PIT in the Italian acronym) published the first calls for activating the resources provided for under “Action C – Support for eco-friendly economic activities”.

BOX 3 - Angel’s Flight in the Regional Park of Gallipoli Cognato and Piccole Dolomiti Lucane This project was from the result of cooperation between the two municipalities of Castelmezzano and Pietrapertosa and consisted in the installation of two steel cables that connect two attractive, but remote areas that previously were difficult to reach. Two lines have been installed: the first is 1,378 m long and covers a difference in height of 161 m, the second is 1,550 m and covers a difference in height of 131 m. The Angel’s Flight is one of interventions in the Integrated Territorial Programme of Alto Basento and aims at enhancing the district’s resources, increasing the local tourist offer, preventing the depopulation of remote areas. Local communities have been involved in the project, also through the use of new technologies.

• Measure III.3 – “Educational building”

The results obtained by this measure are particularly important and show an impact in relation to demographic change, and especially the depopulation of remote areas. Although no specific data are available on this issue, interviewed people believe that this measure has contributed to preventing the depopulation of remote areas especially with regard to young couples with children.

By implementing interventions aimed at adapting the existing school structures to the safety regulations and increasing accessibility and usability also through wiring, this measure made it possible for the small urban centres in isolated areas to maintain their school services.

The interventions have improved the school equipment with new technical laboratories, multimedia libraries and support facilities (like ITC stations), open also to the local community with 7,338 users.

In this respect, improvement in building accessibility is also reflected in a better quality of life for the population and providing equal opportunities to the disabled and elderly.

• Measure IV.1 – “Improvement of infrastructures for industry, crafts and services”

The results obtained are of particular importance in relation to attempts to prevent migration and attract newcomers through action of local and productive development.

12 Natura 2000 is the European ecological network established by the Directive 92/42/CEE.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

The measure covers all the regional territory, but particularly those territories identified as needing further development.

In particular, the interventions under Action “B” (Hand-craft areas) are located in mountain communities in order to enhance their attractiveness from an economic point of view. The infrastructural interventions under Action B are included in 8 Programme Agreement of regional Territorial Integrated Projects (PIT in the Italian acronym) and are almost finished, as well as 7 more interventions implemented in the framework of the Programme Agreement Local Development.

Under Action A, the latest programmed intervention agreements have been signed between the Region and the Industrial Development Consortium of Potenza’s province and their conclusion is foreseen for the early months of 2009.

• Measure IV.6 – “Enhancement and promotion of tourism”

The results obtained by this measure positively impact on regional attractiveness from a tourist point of view, especially in relation to the internal areas that are completely lacking in tourist facilities and are usually unknown even to people living in Basilicata. In the last year there has been a general strengthening of the tourist offer: in 2008 there were 610 active tourist establishments, 4.27% more than the previous year. It should be remarked that the improved flow concerned only Italian tourists, who were 5% more in 2008 than in 2007, while the number of foreign tourists decreased (-3.75%) during the same period13.

Especially after mid-term review, the regional administration has reinforced the interventions concerning territorial marketing and the implementation of equipped areas within facilities for the fruition of the cultural heritage of specific territories.

At the end of 2007, the implementation of a promotional and informative network for the touristic regional system was activated through an open competition also targeted to the regional schools for tourist communication campaigns for the re-launch of the Basilicata region. The competition is included in a wider communication project aiming at a strong and coordinated image of Basilicata in order to increase regional attractiveness.

• Measure IV.20 – “Promotion of internationalization of Basilicata”

The good performance in terms of results (the percentage of growth of enterprises opening to international markets is over the 100%) is accounted for by the participation of the local districts involved in the actions in the promotion activities realised in the framework of the Programme Agreement for International Trade signed by the Region and the national Ministry for International Trade. The region on average counts 0.4% of the national total export flow and 4% between Southern Italian regions. Until 2003, there had been an increase in regional exports, while in 2004 and 2005 the region registered a sharp decline (-17.1% in 2004 and -13.1% in 2005). The export trend has been increasing again since 2006, when registered exports were 55.2% more than the previous year14.

13 Source: National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) 14 Source: ISTAT

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

As underlined in previous sections of this Report, the issue of internationalization of the region is considered particularly strategic by the Managing Authority, both for re-launch of the local economy and for establishing strong and productive contacts with Lucani people abroad, seen as a way to establish linkage and to support reintegration into the local communities.

Under Action A, in 2007 the call “Real services for internationalization” was made with a financial budget of 957,000 €; while, under Action B, almost 70% of the activities were concluded.

Under Action C, the project “International Market”, activated via the pilot-project “Lucan products in Canada”, was almost completed.

One of the main results of this measure is the implementation of a front office for the internationalization of enterprises.

BOX 4 - SPRINT Project SPRINT Basilicata is the regional front office for enterprises internationalization; it was created under a Programme Agreement between the Regional Administration of Basilicata and the Ministry of Productive Activities. The main objective was to support those local enterprises opening up to international markets. Indirectly, as stressed before, the presence of a specific office created to support company internationalization was considered, by the interviewees, to be an important instrument to reinforce links and reintegration into the local communities of emigrated people. It is articulated in a central structure located at the Regional Administration with coordination functions and two operational offices located c/o the Chambers of Commerce of Potenza and Matera. Moreover, a Call Centre will be soon activated. SPRINT Basilicata offers the following services: − Information and consultancy; − Promotion of local enterprises abroad, support in the search for partners; − Training courses, especially for managers and international trade operators; − Financial services; − Insurance services.

• Measure VI.1 – “Development of local transport network”

Under this measure, all the projects included in the Viability Plans have almost been completed by the Provincial Administrations. Those projects have a significant impact on reduction of the infrastructural gap which historically affects Basilicata, improving the road network and then the connections between the more and less dynamic areas of the region.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

BOX 5 - Adjustment of the Provincial road Matera – Gravina The infrastructure considered connects the city of Matera with Gravina, an urban centre in the province of Bari, in Puglia. The road, along the province of Matera, is 11 kilometres in length and along the way there are various settlements, such as the industrial area La Martella and the rural Borgo di Pucciano that are not so easily connected and they contribute to great geographical disparities within the Region. The interventions on the Matera-Gravina road are very relevant in terms of modernisation and increased road safety, and in terms of better connections between Matera, Gravina, Irsina Bradano valley, consistently with the specific objective of improving local networks and better services. Moreover this intervention is also relevant in terms of social and economic integration, connecting the area of Matera with a greater catchment area. The operations started in October 2005 and have just been concluded, in January 2008.

• Measure VI.2 – “Non-material networks”

The measure shows excellent performance in financial terms, as is attested in the previous analysis: the certified expenditure and the effective commitments exceed those foreseen in the PO.

Moreover, as is shown by the result indicators, the scheduled objectives have been achieved in terms of growth of electronic signatures certificates (doubled if compared with 2006) and in terms of number of families with a personal computer. A positive result is also achieved in terms of extended coverage of fast internet connection for citizens and for local administrations, especially in the peripheral areas impacting on regional discrepancies and in limiting isolation of the hinterland areas.

Local administration has improved web services in particular and there have been interventions for the standardisation of informatics procedures.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

3.3. Basilicata - Complementarity of ERDF interventions, identified for demographic change, with ESF, EAGGF and FIFG

Table 13: Basilicata - Complementarity of ERDF interventions, identified for demographic change, with ESF, EAGGF, FIFG

Measure Synergy with ESF Synergy with EAGGF Synergy with FIFG

1.4 H H N Ecological network III.3 M N N Education building IV.1 Improvement of M N N infrastructures for industry, crafts and services IV.6 Enhancement and M M N promotion of tourism IV.20 Promotion of H N N internationalization of Basilicata VI.1 Development of local N N N transports network VI.2 M N N Non-material network Note: synergy may be H (high), M (medium), L (low), N (null).

All the measures identified as able to cope with demographic changes show strong complementarities with Ob.1 Regional Programme ESF measures (III.1.A.2- Insertion and re- insertion in the labour market; III.1.B.1 Insertion in the labour market for disadvantaged people; .1; III.1. D.3 Support for entrepreneurship in new economic sectors; III.1.E.1 Reinforcing and strengthening of women in the labour market) aiming to train people and support their labour insertion in the artistic and cultural sector as well as tourism with particular attention to women and disadvantaged groups.

The complementarity with EAGGFF is moderate and is motivated by the implementation of interventions in rural areas.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

3.4. Basilicata - Sustainability of measures concerning demographic change

Assessment of the sustainability of the measures means considering whether the effects are likely to persist even in the absence of the ERDF financial support.

Table 14: Basilicata – Sustainability of the measures concerning demographic change

Field of intervention market market to labour Equal access conditions Improvementworking of capacities entrepreneurial Improvement of Depopulation Rural / concentration Urban population elder of life of Quality Other

Measure Sustainability

1.4 X X M Ecological network

III.3 X X M Education building IV.1 Improvement of infrastructures for X X X M industry, crafts and services IV.6 Enhancement and X X M promotion of tourism IV.20 Promotion of X X H internationalization of Basilicata VI.1 Development of local X H transports network VI.2 X X X H Non-material network Note: sustainability may be H (high), M (medium), L (low), N (null).

Although the programme authorities thought it difficult to assess the sustainability of the effects, in some instances this was expected simply due to the nature of the project. This was particularly the case with certain infrastructural investments (e.g. IT and physical infrastructure), which were likely to produce long-lasting basic conditions for future development. In addition, IT infrastructures created by the programme are also financially supported by national resources (National Fund for Under-utilized Areas – FAS in the Italian acronym) through the instrument of the Institutional Agreements of Programme and relative Frame Programme Agreements (APQ) between the Region and National Ministries. The same applies to the interventions related to the transport network, to be financed in the period 2007-2013 through the implementation of a new National Fund for the infrastructural interventions in the Southern Regions.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

The interventions regarding the support and development of the attractiveness of the Region are also intended to be sustainable in the medium-long term because of the involvement of different stakeholders at the regional and local levels such as Chamber of Commerce, Organization for the promotion of tourism, etc, directly and actively involved in Territorial Integrated Projects (PIT in the Italian acronym) and taking a participative, decentralized approach (the priority need to involve and hand responsibility over the final beneficiaries of the policies).

On these issues, it is also important to mention the National Operational Programme for Local Development, which has provided support for initiatives aiming at preventing or reducing the environmental impact of economic activities. Integrated aid packages have also been granted covering investment in equipment, research and development, innovation, guaranteed access to credit and staff qualification.

3.5. Basilicata - Overall assessment of adaptation to demographic change

Key findings

Analysis of the selected measures has shown that the ERDF contribution to tackling demographic change mainly consisted in:

1 strengthening the attractiveness of local areas through a varied set of interventions ranging from business support to infrastructures restoring and/or enlargements;

2 re-balancing regional discrepancies especially connected to the polarization of different geographical areas with different levels of population density.

In this respect, the effects of the infrastructural and ITC networking interventions have been particularly significant, as they have enabled improved access, for instance, to services and employment. Such effects are particularly crucial in Basilicata due its internal disparities. Indeed, the effects have the potential to face the disparities between the inland mountainous areas and the urban ones. In similar vein, the effects of the interventions for increasing internationalizations and tourism have provided an appreciable element of attractiveness for both inhabitants and incoming visitors.

Conclusion

1. Efforts regarding territorial and socio-economic development policy were central in the OP under consideration. They are also among those achieving the most tangible positive effects; they have significantly contributed in reversing the poor attractiveness of some areas, and possibly in mitigating the migratory deficit.

2. Measures aiming at improving social conditions (such as those aiming to restore/support educational building) can also contribute to restoring the attractiveness of an area – however, they risk having more limited reach than measures with a wider strategic range including an economic dimension.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

3.6. Basilicata - Lessons learnt and policy implications for demographic change

From the analysis conducted the following lessons can be drawn:

− Despite the fact that no demographic priorities were set explicitly within the 2000-2006 programming period, the Basilicata Ob.1 programme shows that, on the basis of a good knowledge and analysis of the local context, it has been possible to support interventions indirectly related to demographic changes the Region is facing. Improvement in the attractiveness of the region as well as its development (from an economic, infrastructural and social meaning) has been seen as the main aim of the programme in order to contrast regional depopulation and regional discrepancies.

− Given the nature of the intervention and the slowness of administrative procedures (that, in the Southern regions of Italy, are usually particular present and have also conditioned the implementation of measures and activities within the Basilicata POb.1 programme) related to the implementation of infrastructures and material and immaterial networks, inclusion of the intervention under National Agreement Frameworks allowed for optimal results.

These lessons have the following policy implications:

1. To increase awareness at the regional level that the socio-economic development of the region is closely connected to control of an adaptation to the demographic changes dramatically evident in Basilicata. For this purpose, explicit programming devoted to adaptation to demographic change in the actual programming period (2007-2013) as well as in the next one should contribute to increasing the results and the impact already obtained, laying the bases of possible future strategies in this respect.

2. To increase the participation of the regional Administration to National Agreement Framework, especially for infrastructural interventions. This allows not only to implement interventions that are subject to negotiated planning, through mobility and then territorial location, but also to increase the so-called relational factors (typical elements connected to local realities, for example trust in relationships between actors in the economy, of the institutions, of the social world and the sharing of rules and values) that should be considered essential to increase regional attractiveness.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

4. BASILICATA - DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF ERDF INTERVENTIONS ON GENDER EQUALITY: RESULTS, DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS

The chapter will examine the contribution of the programme to gender issues, analysing results and impacts of the programme selected measures.

4.1. Basilicata - Outputs of measures concerning gender equality

Table 15: Basilicata - Performance of the measures impacting on gender issue Expected indirect/direct* effects* effects* indirect/direct* Expected Budget % of the total programme’s resources Actual expenditure % of total programme expenditure Fields of intervention Outputs Equal access to labour market labour to access Equal conditions Improvement of women working entrepreneurial capacities Improvement of women Care-work re-conciliation Quality of life Other Description Quantification (€ M)

(€ M) Measure

Architectural restoration 51 (no. of interventions) Architectural restoration 23,59 II.1 (sq.) Enhancement of Archives and libraries 2 historical- I/D X X X Cataloguing of historical 34.09 7.85 49.48 72.58 1 cultural and cultural resources resources Promotion actions 2 Exhibitions and events 2 Promoting enterprises (no. 18 of ent.) IV.2 Supporting micro- Market policies 430 enterprises (no. of ent.) for industrial, D X 15.00 3.46 28.96 96.53 craft, trade and Supporting little and service medium enterprises (no. of 125 enterprises ent.) Supporting enhancement of the existent accommodation 2 offer (no. of enter.) Supporting new IV.5 accommodation offer (no. of 2 Support to enter.) touristic Supporting new D X 17.14 3.95 26.86 78.37 enterprises and accommodation offer (no. of 2 to market structures) initiatives Supporting activity for the completion of the touristic 37 chain (no. of enter.) Completion of previous 21 programmes (no. of enter.)

Case Study – Basilicata (IT) Expected indirect/direct* effects* Budget % of the total programme’s resources Actual expenditure % of total programme expenditure Fields of intervention Outputs Equal access to labour market labour to access Equal conditions Improvement of women working entrepreneurial capacities Improvement of women Care-work re-conciliation Quality of life Other Description Quantification (€ M)

(€ M) Measure

Supporting micro- 26 enterprises (no. of enter.) IV.19 Supporting small and Promoting medium enterprises (no. of 29 industrial, hand- enter.) D X 19.04 4.39 23.80 62.51 craft, commercial Promoting investments 2 and service attraction (no. of enter.) enterprises Completion of previous 35 programmes (no. of enter.)

Structures for social-care 5 and education activities (no.) V.2 Services for Restructuring the services I X X 4,400 2.08 0.48 1.13 28.24 people and the web (sq) community Outsourcing of social-care and educative services (no. 17 of social enter.) * Direct measures are measures directly supporting women, while indirect measures are measures not directly supporting women but that may have indirect effects on gender equality.

In detail:

• Measure II.1 - “Enhancement of historical - cultural resources” aims at the restoration and enhancement of the regional historic and cultural resources in order to develop their socio- economic potential. Through an integrated approach, the measure has implemented interventions aimed to enhance the quality and the level of usability of the historic and cultural resources increasing the quality of cultural services (such as libraries and/or archives) and, at the same time, increasing and stimulating the creation of new entrepreneurship.

Consistently with the general objectives and the priorities, the measure is divided into three different actions:

− Action A “Enhancement of the regional historic and cultural resources”.

− Action B “Business support”.

− Action C “Accompaniment and support activities”.

The measure has registered at December 2007 an amount of commitments equal to 50,069,918 €, that is 73.45% of the measure’s total budget. Nevertheless, the amount of commitments is still below budget level because of procedural problems involved in the activation of national licences.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

As far as physical realization is concerned, the measure shows significant progress, especially for those interventions connected to architectural and archaeological restoration.

With regard to gender equality, Action “B” tenders were arranged with the indication of a premiality (additional points) for female enterprises. In addition, enterprises had the possibility to obtain more points when filling in a specific questionnaire related to the provision of actions/interventions enhancing/supporting gender equal opportunities (see Box 6).

BOX 6 – Provision of actions/interventions enhancing/supporting gender equal opportunities With the Action “B” call for tenders regarding business support, enterprises were given the possibility to fill in a questionnaire referring to the specific commitments in relation to gender equality. Four issues were covered: 1) the innovative idea of the entrepreneurial initiatives in terms of recovery and enhancement of activities, craft products and skills traditionally of women (for example, embroidery); 2) business networking to support products marketing and competitiveness of female enterprises; 3) provision, within the entrepreneurial initiative, of actions supporting the re-conciliation between working and family lives such as baby-nursing on firm premises, flexibility in the work time framework, etc.); 4) participation in information initiatives aiming to spread gender culture within firms. Out of 41 projects, 8 have filled in the questionnaire gaining additional points.

• Measure IV.2 - Market policies for industrial, craft, trade and services enterprises aims to support the strategic market re-positioning of SME through the implementation of internationalization processes, enhancement of specific productive districts, increasing access to ICT, and enhancement of typical local production.

The measure, subsequent to the OP mid-term review, merged into Measure IV.19 (see above) because of over-attainment of the targets envisaged. The measure, in fact, registered in December 2007 a very high quantity of commitments amounting to 163.19% of the measure’s total budget.

With regard to physical realization, the measure has reached the estimated target.

With regard to gender equality, measure tenders were arranged with the indication of a premiality (additional points) for female enterprises.

• Measure IV.5 - Support for tourist enterprises and market initiatives aims at making the tourist sector more competitive through interventions involving the diversification and the re- qualification of the tourist facilities already present in the territory and integration of the tourist supply in a district logic. The measure also aims at the promotion of new entrepreneurship initiatives, aging in the tourist sector.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

Consistently with the general objectives and the priorities, the measure is divided into four different actions:

− Action A “Aid for the tourist facilities already present”.

− Action B “Aid for new tourist facilities”.

− Action C “Aid for the integration of tourist supply”.

− Action D “Ending of previous interventions”.

The measure registered in December 2007 a high level of commitments amounting to 28,374,252.11 €, accounting for 90% of the measure’s total budget.

With regard to physical realization, the measure shows slow progress, especially for those interventions connected to Action A “Aids for tourist facilities already present” and Action B “Aids for new tourist facilities” due to the slowness of procedures for money supply and building/restructuring.

With regard to gender equality, measure tenders were arranged with the indication of a premiality (additional points) for female enterprises.

• Measure IV.19 - Promoting industrial, craft, commercial and service enterprises aims at the promotion of new entrepreneurial initiatives and at supporting those already in place.

The measure was created ex novo after the mid-term review in order to unify similar interventions previously implemented by Measure IV.2 and IV.3. which, in connection with the National Operative Programme on Local development, aimed to implement the so-called “Integrated aids pack (PIA in the Italian acronym).

The measure is divided into five different actions according to the different aids and beneficiaries typologies:

− Action A “aid to micro-enterprise”.

− Action B “aid to SME”.

− Action C “Aid in the form of money-back guarantee”.

− Action D “Investment attractions”.

− Action E ““Ending of previous interventions”.

In December 2007 the measure registered very high level of both commitments and expenditures due the re-unification of the different commitments and expenditure coming from the previous measures. Nevertheless, with regard to physical realization, the measure shows slow progress due to the lengthiness of the procedure for money supply and for merging the previous measures.

With regard to gender equality, measure tenders were arranged with the indication of premiality (additional points) for female enterprises.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

• Measure V.2 - Services for people and the community aims at reinforcing social cohesion within the areas of Potenza and Matera through the restructuring of the service network and outsourcing of the social-care and educational services; at improving the quality of life, at fighting marginalization and social exclusion, at social promotion and better qualification for people and community services.

Consistently with the general objectives and the priorities, the measure is divided into two different actions:

− Action A “restructuring of the service network”.

− Action B “outsourcing of the social-care and educational services”.

The Basilicata Obj. 1 programme directly financed Action A (restructuring the service network). With regard to Action B, Administrations in charge of the implementation are The Province of Potenza and Matera. A formal agreement has been signed between the Region and the Provinces in order to assign the restructured service network to improve social care and educational services through public tenders activated directly by the Provinces.

In December 2007 the measure registered commitments amounting to 5,290,736.08 €, i.e. 132.27% of the measure’s total budget. Nevertheless, with regard to physical realization, the measure shows slow progress due to the lengthiness of the procedure activated by the Local Administration of Potenza and Matera in charge of implementation of the interventions. With regard to Action B, only the Local Administration of Potenza has activated public tenders.

4.2. Basilicata - Results and impacts of measures concerning gender equality

As Table 16 shows, four of the five measures selected for gender equality have achieved results in enhancing and supporting female entrepreneurship (especially in strategic market sectors mainly related to tourism, craft trade, cultural and social activities) directly impacting on female employment in relation both to firm ownership and employees. As previously stated in the context analysis, Basilicata is one of the Southern Italian Regions, after Molise, with the highest percentage of female enterprises out of the total number of regional enterprises and it can also be said that ERDF has contributed to this general result.

In addition, many of the entrepreneurial initiatives implemented have had a positive indirect impact on the reconciliation between working and family lives:

− as concerns the firm owner, in relation to the flexibility of working-time framework;

− as concerns entrepreneurial initiatives, in relation to the implementation of family friendly services.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

Table 16: Basilicata - Effectiveness of the measures impacting on gender issue Results Fields of intervention

Expected direct/i Expected (direct/indirect)* Care-work re-conciliation re-conciliation Care-work life of Quality Other Description Quantification Equal access to labour market to labour Equal access conditions Improvement women working of entre Improvement of women p reneurial ca reneurial

Impacts ndirect* effects effects ndirect* Measure (direct/indirect)* p acities

Female enterprises 31.7 financed (%) n.a. Target:

Financed enterprises (both female and male) that are committed to an II.1 increment of female 39.0 Direct for female enterprises Enhancement of labour force (%) X X n.a Indirect for the increment of female historical- cultural I/D Target: labour force resources Financed enterprises (both female and male) that have received additional points for filling in gender questionnaire (see Box 5) 19.5 (%) n.a Target: IV.2 Market policies for Female enterprises 26.8 industrial, craft, D X financed (%) Direct n.a trade and services Target: enterprises IV.5 Female enterprises Support to touristic D 53.1 X financed (%) Direct enterprises and to n.a Target: market initiatives IV.19 Promoting industrial, Female enterprises 38.2 craft, commercial D X financed (%) Direct n.a and service Target: enterprises Direct for the number of social Number of social V.2 infrastructures implemented. Indirect infrastructures 12 Services for people I X X for enhancing the quality of life and implemented and the community support for re-conciliation between Target: 13 working and family lives * The distinction between direct and indirect impacts is related to the effects of the interventions, not to the type of intervention or their objectives, even if direct impacts are usually the result of interventions targeted at specific population groups (specific measures or positive actions), while indirect effects are usually related to “system interventions”, such as infrastructures, which are not targeted at specific population groups (mainstream measures).

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

BOX 7 - Tourist infrastructures in the Alto Basento and in Lagonegrese-Pollino territory Measure IV.5 Support to tourist enterprises and market initiatives was mainly implemented in the local areas covered by the regional Territorial Integrated Projects (PIT in the Italian acronym). In the local areas of Alto Basento and Lagonegrese_Pollino, two of the interventions implemented concerned tourist facilities with the emphasis on female employment and for family friendly services. In both areas, the financed interventions implemented tourist facilities that gave employment to 12 women out of 21. Within the facilities, specific services for children care are envisaged: playgrounds, cultural and botanic paths (for children of different ages), children’s entertainment initiatives.

In addition, support for investments and SMEs in the care, health and social sectors indirectly improve the living conditions of the elderly and contribute to the women’s work-life balance.

With regard to the aid typologies, they extended both to hard measures – direct investment aid, physical infrastructure, purchase of machinery, etc. – and soft measures – advice, counselling, access to credit, credit subventions and non-refundable grants, etc. -, and/or support for networks and associations of women business owners, and mentoring activities by and for women.

All these factors are crucial and influence the success or the failure of the entrepreneurship projects, especially in the more delicate start-up phase, even if they are not enough. Many female enterprises financed showed problems in maintenance of the initiatives and/or in meeting the economic and administrative requirements for running a business. In detail:

− 43.4% of female enterprises positively assessed for financing in the Measure IV.2 - Market policies for industrial, craft, trade and service enterprises had financing revoked before starting or in the start-up period;

− the same happened to 28.9% in Measure IV.5 - Support for tourist enterprises and market initiatives;

− no revokes in Measure IV.19 - Promoting industrial, craft, commercial and service enterprises.

The different results obtained by Measure IV.19 were motivated by the high support given to entrepreneurial initiatives within Territorial Integrated Projects (PIT in the Italian acronym).

The results obtained by the interventions financed under the Measure V.2 - Services for people and the community indirectly impacted positively on reconciliation of family and working lives. Among the 12 social infrastructures implemented:

− 5 are for the elderly;

− 4 are for disadvantaged children and teenagers;

− 2 are for the disabled;

− 1 is for babies.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

Given their characteristics, these interventions also impacted positively on the quality of life for women and men, fighting marginalization and social exclusion and improving social promotion within the community.

In any case, it has to be said that Measure V.2 - Services for people and the community - could have achieved more results and higher impact. As previously mentioned, the real implementation of the services was in charge of the Local Administrations of Potenza and Matera which were very slow in starting with the public tenders and in carrying out all the administrative procedures. It is also to be remarked that, given the fact that the Region’s responsibility was limited to building and/or restructuring the infrastructures, there was no more subsequent control in relation to the starting of the social services supplies.

4.3. Basilicata - Complementarity of ERDF interventions, identified for gender issue, with ESF, EAGGF and FIFG

Table 17: Basilicata - Complementarity of ERDF interventions, identified for gender issue, with ESF, EAGGF, FIFG

Measure Synergy with ESF Synergy with EAGGF Synergy with FIFG II.1 Enhancement of historical- H M N cultural resources IV.2 Market policies for M M N industrial, craft, trade and services enterprises IV.5 Support for tourist H H N enterprises and market initiatives IV.19 Promoting industrial, H M N craft, commercial and service enterprises V.2 Services for people and the H N N community Note: synergy may be H (high), M (medium), L (low), N (null).

All the measures are characterized by high complementarities with ESF. With regard to measure II.1 and the three measures of Axis 4, the complementarities can be identified with those ESF measures devoted to the implementation of female vocational training courses, especially in the sectors of tourism, crafts and cultural trade.

The complementarities with EAGF are moderate and are motivated by the implementation of interventions in rural areas.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

4.4. Basilicata - Sustainability of the measures concerning gender equality

Table 18: Basilicata - Sustainability of the measures concerning gender equality

Measure Field of intervention Sustainability

Improvement of women’s entrepreneurial II.1 Enhancement of historical- capacities M cultural resources Care-work re-conciliation

IV.2 Improvement of women’s entrepreneurial Support for services for M capacities enterprises IV.5 Support for tourist Improvement of women’s entrepreneurial M enterprises and market capacities initiatives IV.19 Promoting industrial, Improvement of women’s entrepreneurial H craft, commercial and capacities service enterprises V.2 Care-work re-conciliation Services for people and the M community Quality of life Note: sustainability may be H (high), M (medium), L (low), N (null).

The four measures that positively impacted on female entrepreneurship show a medium level of sustainability. In the case of financial aids for start-ups, the sustainability lays upon the new female entrepreneurs who, considering the high level of revokes previously noted, clearly showed the need for continuative support. At the same time, the actual lack of national Funds (National Law 215 has not been financed since the end of 2006) for female entrepreneurship should lead to major investments by the Regional Government.

Among these measures, only Measure IV.19 - Promoting industrial, craft, commercial and service enterprises, showed no revokes and higher possibilities of sustainability given the involvement of several stakeholders in the Territorial Integrated Projects (PIT in the Italian acronym), which may contribute to find other financial resources at the local level to sustain the enterprises working in their territories.

With regard to sustainability for the interventions financed under the Measure V.2 - Services for people and the community, it is to be noted that the actions were regulated by the signature of an Integrated Programme of Urban development (PISU in the Italian acronym) between the Region and the local governments of Potenza and Matera. The PISUs are also interconnected to the Local Social Planning implemented by the Local Administration on the basis of the financing of national Law 328 on Social Services. These two elements should guarantee a medium sustainability for the interventions despite the slowness in activating administrative procedures shown by both the Local Administrations of Potenza and Matera during the programming period 2000-2006.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

4.5. Basilicata - Overall assessment of gender equality

Key findings

1. The appointment of a specific Regional Authority for Gender Policies as well as Local Task Forces on gender equality (see Box 1 and 2) has significantly contributed to achieving concrete results on gender issues.

2. Analysis of the selected measures has shown the attention given by the OP Axis IV – Local development to the gender specificities of the interventions due to the choice of sustaining and enhancing the creation and the development of female entrepreneurial activities.

3. These measures, when related to specific economic sectors have increased their potential impact on gender equality, as is the case of sectors aiming at the enhancement of the architectonic and cultural resources, or of the local culture, or the tourist sector, which often involves female competences and aptitudes. Growth in tourism offers additional employment opportunities, immediate prospects and flexibility, especially to women wishing to return to paid employment.

Conclusions

1. Intervention in the asset of regional governance from a gender point of view is an essential tool for introducing gender equality within a programme.

2. The linkage between female capacity and the development of the territories (especially in the tourist sector) has been seen by the Managing Authority as an opportunity for concrete answers to many needs, such as improvement of the territory, tourism promotion and the potentialities of women in the field of entrepreneurship, emphasising female resources that are not fully exploited. The interventions characterized by the close connection between territorial resources and their usability in the field of entrepreneurship may, in fact, contribute to the empowerment of sustainable tourism and resource-based enterprises, with a strong territorial identity.

3. In this context, the importance of developing and supporting social infrastructures has the most significant emphasis on gender equality. The promotion of equality between women and men and the facilitation of greater female participation in the workplace and in business (especially for mothers wishing to take up a full-time employment) can be positively achieved through investment in the development of affordable, quality childcare facilities, particularly in disadvantaged areas, and/or health and care services for older people.

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

4.6. Basilicata - Lessons learnt and policy implications for gender issue

From the analysis conducted the following lessons can be drawn:

1. The presence of a specific governance asset devoted to Gender Equal Opportunities (Gender Local Task force and Authority for Gender Policies) has been a driving force to increase regional awareness on gender equality issues.

2. Nevertheless, the transition from the programming phase to implementation is delicate, and is still based on the willingness of regional officials engaged in the implementation of the single measures.

3. The implementation of integrated projects closely linked to territorial needs and stakeholders seems to offer the best results given the possibility to contrast a phenomenon within an agreed and shared framework.

These lessons have the following policy implications:

1. the nature of the initiatives such as those proposed and launched by the Gender Local Task force and Authority for Gender Policies (see, for example, the questionnaire “Provision of actions/interventions enhancing/supporting gender equal opportunities” envisaged within the call for tenders of Action “B” Measure II.2 related to business support – see Box 5) should be supported by grassroots communication throughout the territories, otherwise the action, even if particularly innovative, is unable alone to achieve all the possible results in terms of increasing gender equality;

2. in order to smooth transition from programming to implementation, communication on the importance of a gender approach to all the interventions should be increased also within the Regional Administration and towards all the regional official involved in the OP measures giving a binding relevance to the recommendations of the Authority for Gender Policies;

3. the need is to increase the number of integrated Projects and diversify the complementarity with ESF Funds using not only vocational training projects, but also support actions, especially to decrease the risk of high mortality for female enterprises.

Case Study – Basilicata (IT)

Work Package 7: “Effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy: Gender Equality and Demographic Change”

ANNEX – SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR BASILICATA

List of interviews

• Claudia Villante, independent evaluator of the Basilicata Ob.1 2000-2006 Programme

• Cuccaro Antonio, Regional Territorial Promotion Office

• Donato Pafundi, Regional Official in charge of Measure IV.1 and IV.2 at Managing Authority

• Ernesto Mancino, Regional Official in charge of Measure III.3 at Managing Authority

• Gerardo Calvello, Regional Official in charge of Measure VI.1 at Managing Authority

• Lorenzo Affinito, Regional Official in charge of Measure II.1 at Managing Authority

• Luigi Gianfrasceschi, Regional Official in charge of Measure IV. 6 and IV.20 at Managing Authority

• Maria Carmela Panetta, Regional Official in charge of Measure IV.5 and IV.19 at Managing Authority

• Maria Grazia Di Clemente, senior expert, Local Task Force on Gender at Managing Authority

• Nunzia Caiazzo, Regional Official in charge of OP Programming at Managing Authority

• Rocco Cortese, Regional Official in charge of Measure V.2 at Managing Authority

• Vincenzo Fiore, Regional Official in charge of Measure VI.2 at Managing Authority

References

• Authority for Gender Policies and Local Task Force on Gender, Basilicata Ob.1 2000-2006 Programme Results on gender equality.

• Ernst &Young, 2006, Basilicata Ob.1 2000-2006 Programme Mid Term Evaluation updated.

• Ernst&Young, 2000, Basilicata Ob.1 2000-2006 Programme Mid Term Evaluation.

• Managing Authority, 2007, Basilicata Ob.1 2000-2006 Programme Activity Report.