Editorial Style Guide

Editorial Style Guide

Introduction 4

Style & Usage Abbreviations 6 Addresses & Postal Codes 7 Capitalization 9 Citations 10 Gender Usage 10 Legal Marks 11 Trade Names 13 Numbers & Symbols 17 Punctuation 21 Formal & Professional Titles 34 URLs, Email Addresses, & Hashtags 35

Formatting 36 Space Between Sentences 37

Industry Jargon 38

References 40

Appendix Appendix A: Citations 43 4 Editorial StyleEditorial Guide Style | Editorial Guide | IntroductionStyle Guide

Introduction

Like design style guides, which direct our standards for colors, fonts, and other design elements, our editorial style guide helps you make the right decisions about spelling, grammar, structure, and style in your written communications. The outcome is clear and consistent content that is targeted to your audience and enhances the Haworth brand.

We use the Chicago Manual of Style for our voice standards (except for public relations communications, which follow AP Style). An online subscription is available for key users to find answers to basic questions about grammar, punctuation, etc. For access, contact [email protected].

This PDF is a quick reference and also shows any exceptions to the Chicago Manual of Style. Anyone writing, editing, or proofreading Haworth content should have a copy of our Editorial Style Guide, which is found on the Library and in the Resources section of our Brand Guidelines on haworth.com. Please note that this guide focuses on North American communications. Global members may incorporate style and usage that is appropriate for their regions. Editorial Style Guide | EditorialStyle and Style Usage Guide 5

Style & Usage 6 Editorial Style Guide | Abbreviations

Abbreviations

In general, avoid using abbreviations in text.

Acronym/Abbreviation Usage Always spell out in the first citation and follow with the acronym or abbreviation in parentheses. This applies to organization names, processes, titles of programs, etc. (A complete list of Haworth acronyms is available on Hometown. Just type “acronym” in the Librarian Search Documents field to download an Excel spreadsheet.)

Correct: After a partnership with Poltrona Frau Group (PFG) in 2011, Haworth acquired the company in 2014. Incorrect: After a partnership with PFG in 2011, Haworth acquired the company in 2014.

Use periods with abbreviations that end in a lowercase letter: p. (page), vol., e.g., i.e., etc., a.k.a., a.m., p.m., Ms., Dr., et al. (et is not an abbreviation; al. is).(See also Time.)

Use no periods with abbreviations that appear in full capitals, whether two letters or more and even if lowercase letters appear within the abbreviation: VP, CEO, MA, MD, PhD, UK, US, NY, IL. (See also Addresses and Postal Codes.)

Correct: Our VP of Human Resources is expected to arrive at 8 a.m. Incorrect: Our V.P. of Human Resources is expected to arrive at 8 am.

Exceptions: • Abbreviations are acceptable in charts, graphs, and manufacturing documentation, as needed. A glossary or legend is recommended to define them. Abbreviations may also be used in lieu of repetitive words. • When using “Inc.” after Haworth, always use a comma: Haworth, Inc. • When design is emphasized, like in an event invitation, it's okay to drop the periods from "am" and "pm."

Example: Interior Design Hall of Fame Awards The River Pavilion, Javits Center 6:30 pm Reception 8 pm Awards Dinner Editorial Style Guide | Addresses & Postal Codes 7

Addresses & Postal Codes

Full Addresses When writing a full address, Chicago Manual of Style formatting and standard abbreviations should be used.

Roadways, directional compass points, units, etc. should be abbreviated.

The state, province, territory, military address, or country should also be abbreviated; always use the US (and Canada) two-letter postal abbreviations. A comma should follow the city name preceding the state, province, or territory abbreviation.

Correct: The Art Institute of Chicago 111 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, IL 60603

Incorrect: The Art Institute of Chicago 111 South Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60603

Incorrect: The Art Institute of Chicago 111 S Michigan Ave Chicago IL 60603 8 Editorial Style Guide | Addresses & Postal Codes

Full Addresses on Mailing Labels For mailing labels, USPS standards should be used.

Differences from Chicago Manual of Style include using all capital letters and removing the punctuation (i.e., commas and periods).

Correct: THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO 111 S MICHIGAN AVE CHICAGO IL 60603

Incorrect: The Art Institute of Chicago 111 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, IL 60603

Corporate Address The Haworth corporate address format varies slightly from both the Chicago Manual of Style and USPS standards. Always use these formats when writing the Haworth corporate address.

General Format: Haworth, Inc. One Haworth Center Holland, MI 49423

Mailing Labels: HAWORTH INC ONE HAWORTH CENTER HOLLAND MI 49423

Location References When referring to a state, province, territory, or country within running text, spell out the word.

Correct: Haworth's corporate headquarters building is located in Holland, Michigan. Incorrect: Haworth's corporate headquarters building is located in Holland, MI.

Exception: When short on space (e.g., captions, digital formats, callouts in boxes), it's acceptable to abbreviate location references. Editorial Style Guide | Capitalization 9

Capitalization

Always avoid unnecessary capitalization. Here are examples for appropriate situations when capitalization is required.

Capitalize: • Places (Times Square, Piccadilly Circus) • Buildings (One Haworth Center, Parkview Green) • Organization names (Unisource Solutions, Inc.) • Academic degrees (Bachelor of Arts, Master of Business Administration) • Job titles (Project Manager, Assembler)* • Group names (Product Development) • Designated regions (East India, New England, South Central China) • Subject lines (Haworth Outlet Store Summer Sale Begins Today) • Hyphenated words in headers or titles (High-End Furniture) • Corporate awards (Dick Haworth Values Award) • Product names (Openest® collection, Zody® task chair) • Report names (Sustainability Report 2013) • Headlines – Capitalize the first and last words in a headline, as well as all other words except articles and preposition, unless they complete a phrase (e.g., Reel In, Fade Out) *Do not capitalize "Member"

Note: Some product names, like Workware, require initial capitalization when used in text but use lowercase letters in a graphic application (such as a logo). 10 Editorial Style Guide | Citations & Gender Usage

Citations

The use of citations in research documents is important for our credibility as an organization. The Chicago Manual of Style is our resource for creating footnotes and reference lists consistently. For details on citation formatting, please see Appendix A of this guide.

Gender Usage

When referring to generic people, use plural subjects whenever possible for gender neutrality. When absolutely necessary, use "their" to be inclusive.

Correct: (recommended) The members will have the opportunity to talk to HR about their concerns. Correct: The member will have the opportunity to talk to HR about their concerns. Incorrect: The member will have the opportunity to talk to HR about his concerns. Editorial Style Guide | Legal Marks 11

Legal Marks

It is important that we use Haworth legal marks correctly to prevent confusion about ownership and responsibility, build strong brands, and to protect the valuable investment we have made in our goods, services, and communications.

The primary legal marks we address in communications at Haworth are copyrights, trademarks, and service marks.

Copyright Symbol: © Copyright is a form of intellectual property law that protects original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, such as poetry, novels, movies, songs, computer software, and architecture. Copyright does not protect facts, ideas, systems, or methods of operation, although it may protect the way these things are expressed.

Symbol Usage: One copyright symbol (©) with a legal line is needed to protect any piece of copyrighted material. It is usually placed at the bottom of the page or on a back cover at the bottom. The symbol should be used in line with the text; it should not be super- or subscripted.

Haworth Legal Footers with Copyright Print Materials: is a registered trademark of Haworth, Inc. © Haworth, Inc. All rights reserved. 2015 12.19 | Item #XXXX haworth.com | 800 344 2600 Digital Content: is a registered trademark of Haworth, Inc. © Haworth, Inc. All rights reserved. 2015 12.19 haworth.com | 800 344 2600

Notes: The graphic version of the logo is applied here (instead of text) to show registered trademark usage of the Haworth name.

The full year indicates the original published date (2015) and the month/year (12.19) indicates the last revision. 12 Editorial Style Guide | Legal Marks

Trademarks Symbol: ®, ™ A trademark protects words, phrases, symbols, or designs identifying the source of the goods or services of one party and distinguishing them from those of others.

Trademarks registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office carry the ® symbol. Unregistered trademarks and those with pending registrations carry the ™ symbol. The proper trademark should be used immediately following the first mention of the brand in any given piece or on any single web page. Subsequent mentions do not need the trademark symbol. Both the ™ and ® symbols should always be superscripted.

A Trademark Is: • A proper adjective (describes a noun and is usually formed from a noun) • Any word, name, symbol, or device (or any combination thereof) that identifies and distinguishes the goods of one party from those of others • Examples: Haworth®, Zody®, Integrated Palette™

Exceptions: • The Haworth registered trademark may be omitted from the logo mark when it's cited in the footer. Product trademarks are omitted in headlines for design purposes and cited in the first mention within body copy. • For web pages, trademarks are not required.

For trademark use with the Haworth logo, refer to the Visual Identity section of our Brand Guidelines.

Service Mark Symbol: ®, SM A service mark is a type of trademark that distinguishes a service as being owned by a company. Service marks are often company or brand names or service slogans.

Symbol Usage: Because a sales mark is a form of trademark, the same rules apply as with trademarks. Unregistered service marks carry the SM symbol and registered service marks carry the ® symbol. When a service mark is also a trademarked brand, the word or phrase generally carries the trademark (™ or, if registered, ®), rather than the service mark (SM). Service marks should always be super scripted. Editorial Style Guide | Trade Names 13

A Service Mark Is: • A proper adjective (describes a noun and is usually formed from a noun) • Any word, name, symbol, or device (or any combination thereof) that identifies and distinguishes the services of one party from those of others • Examples: Haworth®, Google®, Walmart®, United PerksPlusSM

Trade Names

Trade names are the names businesses use for advertising and sales purposes. A trade name is generally not the full, legal name of the company, but the name by which people know the company. Trade names do not require a legal mark. However, it is important to note that some words used for trade names may be the same as a brand that has been trademarked by the business. The rule of thumb is: when using the word or phrase as a business name, or trade name, no legal mark is used; when using the word or phrase as a brand name to describe products or services, the proper trademark should be used (™, ®, or SM).

A Trade Name Is: • A proper noun (denotes a particular name person, place, or thing) • A corporate or business name used by a company to identify itself • As a noun, a trade name: • Need not be followed by a generic noun defining a product or service; and • Can be used in the plural and possessive form • Symbols (™, SM, or ®) should not be used with a trade name. • Examples: Haworth (trade name for Haworth, Inc.), Kodak (trade name for Eastman Kodak Company), Pepsi (trade name for PepsiCo). 14 Editorial Style Guide | Trade Names

The four guideposts of proper use of trademarks and service marks are:

Adjective Consistency

Identification Distinctive or Status Editorial Style Guide | Trade Names 15

Adjective A trademark or service mark (“marks”) should be used as an adjective qualifying a noun that defines a product or service. Typically, a mark is followed by the noun defining the product or service (e.g., Zody® chair). A mark should not be used in a plural or possessive form unless the mark itself is plural or possessive.

Correct: “I bought a Zody® chair.” Or, “I bought four Zody® chairs.” (The trademark, Zody, is used as adjective and comes before the generic product name.) Incorrect: “I bought a Zody®." Or, "I bought four Zody®s.” (The trademark should not be used as a noun or in the plural.)

Consistency The same style should be used each time a mark is referenced. For example, if a mark is represented in all capital letters, each other reference to the mark also should be capitalized. Consistency emphasizes that the term is a mark rather than just another word in a text.

In certain grammatical situations it may be necessary to change the case of a trademarked word. For example, if b_sit™ must be used at the beginning of a sentence, the “B” may be capitalized. However, it is better to find an alternate way to begin the sentence, in order to avoid a trademark conflict.

Distinctive A mark should always be distinguished from surrounding text. It is often CAPITALIZED or italicized. The generic noun defining the product should immediately follow the mark at least once in the same writing or communication. Using the proper symbol described above, or using the word “brand” after the mark, also helps to distinguish the mark (e.g., “Crest® brand toothpaste”).

Risks of improper use of marks can present problems with establishing use of the mark (use is required in the US to establish rights and obtain a registration) and result in “genericide”—i.e., the mark becomes generic (like Kleenex and Xerox) as people begin to misuse the mark. When a mark is merely descriptive—i.e., describes or names a characteristic or quality of the goods or services—it not entitled to protection. 16 Editorial Style Guide | Trade Names

Identification or Status (Symbols ™,SM or ®) A mostly international system has emerged for identifying marks with symbols. In the US and most other countries:

• The ™ symbol identifies an unregistered trademark. • The SM symbol identifies an unregistered service mark. • The ® symbol identifies a registered trademark or service mark.

Certain countries, such as those where Spanish or French is the dominant language, use other symbols that should be conveyed in the local languages to identify products or services in those countries.

There is no legal requirement to use the symbol identifier (™, SM, or ®) with each use (or with any use) of a trademark or service mark. However, as a matter of good practice, a symbol should be used at least once in each separate writing or communication; a symbol should be used with the first or most prominent use of a mark; and, when in doubt, err on the side of frequent use of symbols.

Using symbols properly provides notice to others that we claim trademark or service mark rights in the word, name, product, device, service, etc. with which the symbol is used. In this manner, it protects the ownership of our brands. If another business attempts to use a Haworth owned registered trademark—or something deemed too similar—it can be considered trademark infringement. The infringing business may be subject to legal action, cease and desist orders, as well as costly fines. Symbols also help distinguish trademarks from surrounding text or graphics, or from other marks nearby.

Exceptions: A registered trademark is used in conjunction with Haworth logo at least once within each application except for:

• Digital pieces like eblasts and ads • Products as long as it's on the packaging • Items that are embossed or too small for the trademark to be legible • Product literature that cites the trademark in the footer • Experiential applications, such as: signage, showrooms, table tents, premiums, jackstands, internal awards, event communications Editorial Style Guide | Numbers & Symbols 17

Numbers & Symbols

The following rules apply to writing number in text, such as paragraphs in documents, email, etc. Exceptions include email communications, web pages, and blog copy. When using numbers in a graphic, slide, spreadsheet, or caption, you may use the Arabic numerals to represent all numbers.

Whole Numbers As a general rule, spell out numbers zero through nine; all other numbers should be Arabic numerals (for example, 10 or 200,000).

Correct: Haworth is a value-led company. We have seven values. Incorrect: Haworth is a value-led company. We have 7 values.

Do not use numerals to start a sentence; if it is at the beginning of a sentence, spell the number out. Also, when listing in a sequence or range, and one of the numbers is Arabic, use Arabic for all the numbers within that context. (See also Additional Symbols & Units of Measure.)

Fractions For numbers less than one, hyphenate and spell out all fractions. For figures higher than one, see decimals below.

Correct: The project is three-quarters done, so let’s meet for a half- hour session. Incorrect: The project is 3/4s done, so let’s meet for a 1/2 hour session.

Decimals For fractions greater than one, use the decimal format—do not spell out.

Correct: Panel heights provide options for seated privacy and standing-height views, with 24.5-inch glass-stacking frames. Correct: Panel heights provide options for seated privacy and standing-height views, with 24½-inch glass-stacking frames. Incorrect: Panel heights provide options for seated privacy and standing-height views, with 24 and a half inch glass-stacking frames. 18 Editorial Style Guide | Numbers & Symbols

Percentages Generally, when using a percentage in text, write out the full word rather than using the symbol. Exceptions include email communications, web pages, and blog copy.

Correct: Sales are up 35 percent. Incorrect: Sales are up 35%.

When using percentages in a graphic, slide, or caption, you may use the symbol.

Ordinal Numbers Ordinal numbers indicate position in a series. The rules for whole numbers also apply for these. For example:

• Ordinal numbers less than 10 are spelled out. • The letters that make a number ordinal (e.g., 11th, 22nd, 101st) should be used for 10 and over and can be superscript. • Ordinal numbers are never used for the day in Month, Day, Year or Month, Day date formats. (See also Dates.)

Correct: Sales are up for the fourth quarter. This is the 57th week we have achieved our forecast. Incorrect: Sales are up for the 4th quarter. This is the fifty-seventh week we have achieved our forecast.

Note: Chicago Manual of Style says these should not appear as superscripts, but because Microsoft automatically makes this change, Haworth brand adopts the superscript.

Product Numbers For reference on Haworth product number formats, follow product price lists and specification guides for the Haworth brand standard. Editorial Style Guide | Numbers & Symbols 19

Telephone Numbers Never use parentheses, dashes, or dots; always use a single space to separate numerals.

Correct: 616 393 0000 Incorrect: 616.836.0000 Incorrect: (616) 836-0000

Dates Dates should be consistent across all communications—invitations, citing publications, timeline references, etc.

Always use numbers for dates; do not spell out.

Correct: June 9 Incorrect: June nine

Do not use ordinal numbers for dates when the month comes first.

Correct: June 9 Incorrect: June 9th

Use ordinal numbers when the month comes second.

Correct: 5th of October and 21st of November Incorrect: 5 October (Note: This format is acceptable in non-North American formats)

Use a comma after the year if placing a date within a sentence.

Correct: They met on September 15, 2014, to discuss the plan. Incorrect: They met on September 15, 2014 to discuss the plan.

(See also Punctuation.)

When referring to a month and year, without a numbered day, do not use a comma.

Correct: August 2017 Incorrect: August, 2017 20 Editorial Style Guide | Numbers & Symbols

Time Use numbers for indicating time of day except for noon and midnight, which should be spelled out.

Correct: The meeting will go from 8 a.m.–noon. Incorrect: The meeting will go from eight a.m. to 12:00 p.m.

Additional Symbols and Units of Measure In general, spell out all symbols and units of measure. Always add a space between the number and unit of measure. As a reminder, these standards are for non- technical documents and editorial style writing. If tables are included in non- technical documents, abbreviations or symbols are acceptable using the format described in the Abbreviations section above.

Correct: The product was designed to meet flexible room requirements ranging from 10 inches to 100 feet. The product weighs 190 pounds. Incorrect: The product was designed to meet flexible room requirements ranging from ten" to 100ft. The product weighs 190 lbs.

An exception to this rule is using abbreviations for units of measurement that are specific to our industry and your audience understands them. For example, square footage can be written as sq. ft. Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation 21

Punctuation

Dashes (See also pages 25–26.)

em dash en dash hyphen

Quotation Marks, and Apostrophes (See also pages 22–23, and 28–30.)

double quotation mark single quotation mark apostrophe

Units of Measure (See also page 19.)

inch mark foot mark 22 Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation

Ampersands Always spell out in sentences unless the ampersand (&) is part of a formal name. Ampersands may be used in headers, however.

Correct: AT&T is the company’s phone service provider. Correct: The showroom will display the Zody chair and the Very® chair. Incorrect: The showroom will display the Zody chair & the Very chair.

Apostrophes and Plurals Possession Add an apostrophe and “s” to the end of a noun not ending in “s” to add possession. Add only an apostrophe to a noun ending in “s” to add possession.

Correct: The new member’s salary is higher here than it was at his old job. Correct: All of the members’ paychecks were direct deposited into his account on Friday. Incorrect: All of the members’s paychecks were direct deposited into their accounts on Friday.

Proper Names When names end in “s,” only use an apostrophe to make it plural.

Correct: Mr. Williams’ desk will be shipped today. Incorrect: Mr. Williams’s desk will be shipped today.

When more than one person is the possessive subject, apostrophe usage depends on if they own the noun together or separately.

Correct: (if they own together) Bill and Jeff’s team is working on the new ad. Correct: (if they own separately) Bill’s and Jeff’s teams are working on new ads. Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation 23

Plural Words and Abbreviations An apostrophe should be used to make a word or abbreviation possessive, but never to pluralize it.

Correct: The CEO’s plan was to sell more furniture. Correct: The banquet was attended by many CEOs from local companies. Correct: There were 27 desks in the office. Incorrect: The banquet was attended by many CEO’s from local companies. Incorrect: There were 27 desk's in the office.

Dates, Numerals, Letters No apostrophe should be used for a set of years.

Correct: Modern Partitions transitioned into Haworth Inc. in the 1970s. Incorrect: Modern Partitions transitioned into Haworth Inc. in the 1970’s.

No apostrophe should be used to make a number plural.

Correct: The number of chairs that the customer ordered is in the high 20s. Incorrect: The number of chairs that the customer ordered is in the high 20’s.

(See also Numbers and Symbols.)

Colons Lists Use the colon to introduce a series of items. Avoid using the colon directly following a verb. Verbs can lead straight into a list without a colon.

Correct: We need the following items in the copy room: paper clips, printer paper, and pens. Correct: In the copy room, we need paper clips, printer paper, and pens. Incorrect: In the copy room, we need: paper clips, printer paper, and pens. 24 Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation

Quotes Use the colon to introduce an important quote, after an independent clause.

Correct: He said what everyone had been waiting for: “You’re all getting raises.” Incorrect: He said: “You’re all getting raises.”

Salutations Use a colon after a salutation in a business letter.

Correct: Dear Mr. Williams: Incorrect: Hey Bob:

Capitalization Begin quotes after a colon with a capital letter.

Correct: She said something that shocked everyone: “A new Haworth plant will be opening soon.” Incorrect: She said something that shocked everyone: “a new Haworth plant will be opening soon.”

If the statement after the colon contains more than one sentence, begin the sentence directly following the colon with a capital letter.

Correct: The growing collaboration between humans and technology creates both opportunities and challenges: Organizations have inadvertently created a digital divide between themselves and their workforce. Incorrect: The growing collaboration between humans and technology creates both opportunities and challenges: organizations have inadvertently created a digital divide between themselves and their workforce.

If the statement contains the real business of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.

Correct: Remember: The events planned for Member Appreciation Day will take place this Thursday. Incorrect: You need to remember: the events planned for Member Appreciation Day will take place this Thursday. Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation 25

Commas Series: The Oxford Comma In any list of three or more items, always use a comma before the “and” or “or.”

Correct: Content strategy, blogging, and A/B testing are keys to our success. Incorrect: Content strategy, blogging and A/B testing are keys to our success.

Nonessential Information Use a set of commas to frame extra information.

Correct: Haworth, a private company, introduced the Haworth Values when it transitioned from Modern Partitions. Incorrect: Haworth a private company introduced the Haworth Values when it transitioned from Modern Partitions.

Jr., Sr., II, or III Do not use a comma to separate the suffix from the name.

Correct: Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968 Incorrect: Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in 1968.

Inc. or Ltd. Always use a comma to separate “Inc.” or “Ltd.” from the business’ name unless without the comma is the company's style.

Correct: Haworth, Inc. members celebrated the grand opening of One Haworth Center in 2008. Incorrect: Haworth Inc. members celebrated the grand opening of One Haworth Center in 2008. 26 Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation

Dates Always use a comma after the day and, when in a sentence, after the year.

Correct: NeoCon began on June 9, 2014, and Haworth’s Openest® collection won Best of Competition. Correct: June 9, 2014 Incorrect: June 9 2014

(See also Numbers and Symbols.)

Numbers Always use a 1,000 separator.

Correct: The customer ordered over $7,500 worth of furniture from the Haworth online retail store. Incorrect: The customer order over $7500 worth of furniture from the Haworth online retail store.

Dashes How-to for em dashes and en dashes: — Em Dash on Mac: Hold down the Shift and Option keys and press the Minus key. Alternatively, press the Hyphen key twice and press Space.

— Em Dash on Windows: Hold down the Control and Alt keys and press the Minus key on the numeric keypad.

– En Dash on Mac: Hold down the Option key and press the Minus key. Alternatively, press Space Hyphen Space and start antoher word.

– En Dash on Windows: Hold down the Control key and press the Minus key on the numeric keypad. Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation 27

Nonessential Information Do not use dashes to set off nonessential information, unless the section contains many commas. The correct form to use in this situation is the em dash, which is the longest dash symbol.

Correct: The Haworth members, a group from marketing, have decided to start volunteering in the Member Garden. Correct: The Haworth members—Jill, Jane, Joe, and Jan—have decided to start volunteering in the Member Garden. Incorrect: The Haworth members—a group from marketing—have decided to start volunteering in the Member Garden.

Dates and Times Dashes can be used between dates and times in chronological range. The correct form for this situation is the en dash, which is shorter than the em dash. When addressing time zones, use the abbreviation (e.g., ET for Eastern, CT for Central, etc., and omit the standard or daylight savings time reference).

Correct: We will be meeting with the customer in the Bluescape room from 2–4 p.m. Correct: This company was known as Modern Partitions from 1948–1976.

Indexing En dashes can be used between letters and numbers in an indexing scheme.

Correct: The information can be found in Table 14–D.

Quotations Use an em dash when attributing a quotation to the person who said it. Make sure the name is left aligned with the quote on the line below it.

Example: “There’s not a thing that you’re doing that you can’t be doing better.” —Dick Haworth 28 Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation

Hyphens Prefixes or Suffixes Unlike dashes, hyphens are only used in compound words, to separate numbers that are not inclusive (such as item number codes), in URL or email addresses, and at ends of lines.

Correct: The client visit will take place mid-June. Incorrect: The client will arrive mid-day.

For clarity, hyphenate prefixes ending in a vowel, when the root word starts with the same letter.

Correct: The man was re-elected onto the board. Incorrect: The man was re-hired onto the board.

For clarity, hyphenate suffixes beginning with the same letter that the root word ends with.

Correct: The Tulip chair has a shell-like design. Incorrect: The Tulip chair has a shelllike design.

Use a hyphen with the prefix re- when it could change the meaning.

Correct: She will re-cover the chair. (It needs new upholstery.) Correct: She will recover the chair. (She misplaced it.) Incorrect: She will re-solve the problem involving the chair.

Multiple Adjectives Only hyphenate if the adjective is before the noun, and the words need to be joined to properly describe the noun.

Correct: Haworth has a long-term relationship with Poltrona Frau Group. Correct: Haworth and Poltrona Frau Group have a relationship that is long term. Incorrect: Haworth and Poltrona Frau Group create beautiful-unique furniture. Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation 29

Ends of Lines Do not divide words at the end of a line. Already hyphenated words or phrases may be split after the hyphen. If there is no avoiding it, non-hyphenated words should be divided only between syllables.

URLs and email addresses should never be hyphenated.

Correct: The financial documents from 2008 were being reviewed. Incorrect: The financial documents from 2008 were be- ing reviewed. Rare Usage Do not hesitate to hyphenate a rare usage in order to avoid confusion.

Correct: Haworth, Inc. will be hosting a dance-athon. Incorrect: Haworth Inc. will be hosting a mar-athon.

Parentheses Use parentheses to include additional information that isn't vital to understanding the message, but nonetheless, provides relevant detail. Information inside of parentheses should act as an aid to the reader, and should always follow the content you're detailing.

Correct: The client is late (his flight was delayed), but he will be here at 2 p.m. Incorrect: (The client is late.) He will be here at 2 p.m.

Periods go inside of parentheses only if information inside is a complete sentence. Otherwise, the period will go outside of the parentheses.

Correct: Haworth’s largest showroom is One Haworth Center (headquarters). Correct: Haworth’s largest showroom is One Haworth Center. (This location is also the company’s headquarters.) Incorrect: Haworth’s largest showroom is One Haworth Center (headquarters.) 30 Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation

Periods & Bullets Periods Use a period at the end of a statement (complete sentence). Use a period for abbreviations, when needed, based on the Abbreviations guidelines. Do not use periods in headers or sub-heads. When using quotation marks around a complete sentence, the period goes inside of the quotation marks. (See also Quotation Marks.)

Ellipses Use ellipses when omitting words in a quote. Do not use ellipses outside of a quote. Three dots are used in the middle of a sentence; four dots are used at the end of a sentence.

Sample Content: “The Harbor Work Lounge chair, which was designed by Nicolai Czumaj-Bront and features a cupholder, is available on the online store.” Correct: “The Harbor Work Lounge® chair… is available on the online store.”

Do not break ellipsis points apart at the end of a line. They are a single unit.

Incorrect: “Designed by Nicolai Czumaj-Bront, the Harbor Work Lounge chair.. . features a cupholder.”

Bullets and Lists Be consistent with list formatting and the use of bullet symbols throughout the document. Use parallel structure for list points. Be consistent with word usage, capitalization, and punctuation. For example, full sentences require periods at the end while phrases do not. However, when phrases are used or mixed with sentences in bulleted lists, periods should be added for consistency. For example, periods are used when listing features in product sheets, even though some may be phrases. Exception: Periods are not required for step-by-step instructions.

Correct: The Haworth Member Center provides members with many meal options. • Breakfast • Exhibition table • So Deli • Grill • Outtakes Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation 31

Incorrect: The Haworth Member Center provides members with many meal options. • Breakfast. • Get something unique from the exhibition table • So Deli • the grill has a variety of choices • Food from Outtakes

Quotation Marks Single and Double Marks Use double quotation marks to quote words, phrases, and sentences. Use single quotation marks to enclose quotations within quotations. (Note: The opposite approach is used in some non-North American writing styles.) Do not use single quotations to emphasize, or call out, words or phrases. Double quotations may be used in this manner if they are quoting specific words and phrases. For example, instructions for finding information or completing a form on a website may be placed in double quote marks.

Correct: “It’s going to be a good year,” said the manager. “According to the chairman, ‘there has been a lot of progress in both plants since last year.’” Incorrect: Haworth is having a ‘good year.’ Incorrect: For a full product list, visit haworth.com and click ‘Products.’

Periods and Commas Place periods and commas inside quotations marks unless you are directing someone to a menu option on a website.

Correct: “My father was a distinguished business leader, but more importantly, a great man,” said Richard Haworth. Incorrect: “My father was a distinguished business leader, but more importantly, a great man”, said Richard Haworth.

Do not end the sentence until after the source is attributed. A comma should be used at the end of the quote unless the attribution comes before, in which case the period should be placed inside of the quotation marks. 32 Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation

Correct: Richard Haworth said, “My father was a distinguished business leader, but more importantly, a great man.” Incorrect: “My father was a distinguished business leader, but more importantly, a great man.” said Richard Haworth.

Partial Quotes When partial quotes are in a sentence, commas should not be used to set them off.

Do not use one word as a partial quote. Exception: a unique, memorable word. (See Single and Double Marks.)

Correct: The Openest collection was “very well designed and thought out” at NeoCon 2014. Incorrect: The Openest collection was very “well” designed and “thought” out.

Semicolons and Colons Semicolons and colons are placed outside of the quotation marks.

Correct: She received the magazine with the article called “New Spaces”; a marketing member wrote it. Incorrect: She received the magazine with the article called “New Spaces;” a marketing member wrote it.

Exclamation Points and Questions Marks In business communications, avoid exclamation points in general, except for limited use in social media. Instead, make the words do the work to express enthusiasm and excitement.

Like a period, exclamation points and question marks should go inside of the quotation marks. Unlike a statement, when quoting a question, insert a question mark, even if the source has not yet been attributed.

Correct: “Will you be volunteering at the Member Garden?” she asked. Incorrect: “Will you be volunteering at the Member Garden,” she asked? Editorial Style Guide | Punctuation 33

Multiple Paragraphs Use a quotation mark at the beginning of every paragraph. However, only use an end quotation mark at the end of the entire quote.

Correct: “Driven by his dream to start a business, school teacher Gerrard Wendell (G.W.) Haworth borrows $10,000 of his parents’ life savings to expand a woodworking operation in his family’s garage.

“A skilled craftsman, he builds a variety of products, hoping to earn enough money to put his children through college. Modern Products is born.”

Incorrect: “Driven by his dream to start a business, school teacher Gerrard Wendell (G.W.) Haworth borrows $10,000 of his parents’ life savings to expand a woodworking operation in his family’s garage.

A skilled craftsman, he builds a variety of products, hoping to earn enough money to put his children through college. Modern Products is born.”

Semicolons Between Sentences Semicolons can be used for two closely-related sentences. Both sides of the semicolon must be a complete sentence.

Correct: Haworth is a private company; we do not have to share financial reports with the public. Incorrect: Haworth is a private company; and does not have to share financial reports with the public. Incorrect: Haworth is a private company; the fountain outside is beautiful. 34 Editorial Style Guide | Formal & Professional Titles

Series Use a semicolon instead of a comma between a series of three or more when the series already contains commas.

Correct: The winners of the scholarships were Bob Smith, Holland High School; Jill Jones, Hope College; and George Brown, Grand Valley University. Incorrect: The winners of the scholarships were Bob Smith, Holland High School, Jill Jones, Hope College, and George Brown, Grand Valley University. Incorrect: The winners of the scholarships were Bob Smith; Jill Jones; and George Brown.

Formal & Professional Titles

Capitalize formal titles when they appear before a person’s name. Use lowercase titles if they are informal or appear without a person’s name.

Correct: Chairman John Doe is attending dinner with the customers and our vice presidents. Correct: John Doe, Chairman of the Board, is attending dinner with the customers and our vice presidents. Incorrect: John Doe, chairman of the board, is attending dinner with the customers and our Vice Presidents. Editorial Style Guide | URLs, Email Addresses, & Hashtags 35

URLs, Email Addresses, & Hashtags

In body copy, use hyperlinks on texts to link to related web content. If you must spell out a specific URL, use the shortest form possible. Full email addresses should always be spelled out. Both URLs and email addresses at the end of a sentence should carry the proper punctuation. Do not drop periods. Do not divide URLs or email addresses across lines. Lowercase all URLs and email addresses.

Correct: The Haworth Surface Collection of fabrics and finishes allows designers to blend products simply and easily Correct: Visit surfaces.haworth.com to see our collection of fabrics and finishes. Correct: For additional questions on Fern, contact [email protected]. Incorrect: Visit http://surfaces.haworth.com to see our collection of fabrics and finishes. Incorrect: For additional questions on Fern, contact [email protected]

Hashtags are not case sensitive so they may be written in both initial-capped and lowercase text. However, it's best to aim for consistency, in which case hashtags should be all lowercase.

Example: #haworthinspires 36 Editorial Style Guide | URLs,Editorial Email Style Addresses, Guide |& Formatting Hashtags

Formatting Editorial Style Guide | Space Between Sentences: One or Two? 37

Space Between Sentences: One or Two?

The answer to this question unfortunately involves your age. If you are over 40, chances are that you were trained to type two spaces between sentences in a typing class. As technology has evolved, there are actually good reasons to retrain your fingers to type only one space. For instance, social media applications have character limits imposed on the amount of text—including spaces—that can be displayed. It is also important to note that images use up a good deal of available character counts. So, minimizing spaces in text can free up some character Formatting availability. Historically, the two spaces were an adjustment for mono-spaced typesetting where each letter was given the same amount of space. The extra space was needed between sentences to make it easier to see the beginning of new sentences. Now, most technology uses proportionally spaced fonts that adjust spacing to the size of the letter and sentence starts can be easily seen. As an example, proportional font can squeeze 12 letters into the same space of nine monospace font letters.

Proportional

Monospace

Haworth brand standards require one space between sentences.

Correct: The project is three-quarters done, so let’s meet for a half- hour session. The last time they met was in September 2014 to discuss the plan. Incorrect: The project is three-quarters done so let’s meet for a half- hour session. The last time they met was in September 2014 to discuss the plan. 38 Editorial Style Guide | SpaceEditorial Between Style Sentences: Guide | Industry One or Jargon Two?

Industry Jargon Editorial Style Guide | Industry Jargon 39

Do you write worksurface or work surface? Powdercoat or powder coat? Using consistent terminology across our communications will help strengthen our brand. Below are some of the most commonly used terms from the list:

casegoods tackboard

edgeband (noun) well-being Industry end user workplace floorplan workspace Jargon healthcare workstation powder-coat (adjective) worksurface

powder coat (verb)

price list

(Visit Librarian on our Hometown intranet site to find a complete list of industry jargon. Just search for “word list” to download the document.) 40 Editorial Style Guide | Space BetweenEditorial StyleSentences: Guide |One References or Two?

References Editorial Style Guide | References 41

Now you have the editorial and style guidelines you need to write, edit, and proofread for Haworth. From grammar to formatting, these protocols form the foundation of our written communications. This editorial style guide is a quick reference for all the basics. Remember, the Chicago Manual of Style is our primary resource for questions not addressed in this guide. For access, or for questions about this guide, contact [email protected]. Editorial42 Style Guide | Space Between Sentences: One or Two? Editorial Style Guide | Appendix42

Appendix Editorial Style Guide | Appendix A: Citations 43

Appendix A: Citations The following examples show how works cited should be formatted in a bibliography or list of references. When these sources are included at the end of a document, such as a white paper, it is acceptable to use the shortened form in the footnotes even at first mention. The shortened form includes the author’s or authors’ name(s) and publication date.

Citing Books General Book Format Tapscott, Don. Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

Two or Three Authors Small, Gary, and Gigi Vorgan. iBrain: Surviving the Technological Alteration of the Modern Mind. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

More than Three Authors Cameron, Kim, R. Quinn, J. DeGraff, and A. Thakor. Competing Values Leadership: Creating Value in Organizations. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006.

Four to Seven Authors Include all names in bibliography, but only the first in notes.

Eight or More Authors List first seven names (as above) followed by et al.

Corporate/Organization Author Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

Unknown Author Oxford Essential World Atlas

Author with an Editor Conger, J. How “Gen X” Managers Manage. Edited by J. Oseland, D. Kolb, and I Rubin. The Organizational Behavior Reader, Seventh Edition (pp. 9-20). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001.

Author with a Translator Guerra, Tonino. Abandoned Places. Translated by Adria Bernardi. Barcelona: Guernica, 1999. 44 Editorial Style Guide | Appendix A: Citations

Editor with No Author Lang, J., C. Burnette, W. Moleski, and D. Vachon, eds. Designing for Human Behavior. Stroudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., 1974.

Encyclopedia/Dictionary Cited in endnotes only.

1. The Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropedia, 15th ed., s.v. “Romance Languages.”

Articles in Periodicals Magazine Akst, Daniel. “Cubicle Living, Italian Style.” Metropolis, July 1, 2006.

Scholarly Journal (Paginated by Issue) Christina E. Shalley. “Effects of Productivity Goals, Creativity Goals, and Personal Discretion on Individual Creativity.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, (1991): 179-185.

Daily Newspaper Wilson, Claire. “For Green Products, a Green Showroom.” New York Times, December 16, 2007.

Editorial in Newspaper Cited in notes only, without headline.

1. Editorial, New York Times, October 31, 1948.

Letter to the Editor Cited in notes only, without headline.

1. John Hamer, letter to the editor, Facilities Management Journal, May/June 2007.

Book or Film Review Lange, Alexandra. Review of Sottsass, by Philippe Thome. New York Times, December 5, 2014, Sunday Book Review.

General Format Haworth, Inc. Seating. http://www.haworth.com/home/seating. Editorial Style Guide | Appendix A: Citations 45

Entire Website Haworth, Inc. http://www.haworth.com.

Page from Website Wong, Nanette, “Multifunctional Sound Absorbent Screen System for the Office,” Design Milk, last modified October 20, 2014, http://design-milk.com/abstracta- domo/.

Page from Website with Unknown Author “MEC Priorities,” Michigan Environmental Council. Access December 7, 2014, http://www.environmentalcouncil.org/priorities/

Image from a Website Copier, Mark. “Bluescape.” Holland, Michigan, June 2014. Photograph. http://www. mlive.com/business/west-michigan/index.ssf/2013/06/neocon_2013_haworths_ high-tech.html

Online Book McGuinness, Mark. Time Management for Creative People. London, 2007. http:// media.lateralaction.com/creativetime.

Portion of an Online Book Gungor, E. Burca Ozkaroava. “Biosensors for Life Sciences.” Environmental Technologies. January 1, 2008, Intechopen.com: Open Science, Open Minds. http://www.intechopen.com/books/environmental_technologies

Article in an Online Journal Henneberger, J. Edwin. “The Office Furniture Industry: Patterns in Productivity.” Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 105, no. 12 (1982): 33-37. Accessed December 7, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41841737?uid=3739920&uid=2134&uid=24 87489033&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=2487489023&uid=3739256&uid=60&s id=21105403268023.

White Paper (Print) Haworth, Inc. Four Organizational Culture Types. Holland, Michigan, 2009.

White Paper (Online) Haworth, Inc. Four Organizational Culture Types. Holland, Michigan, 2009. Available from Haworth.com. 46 Editorial Style Guide | Appendix A: Citations

Entire Blog Bacanovic, Ena. The Design Blog (blog). http://thedsgnblog.com/

Single Blog Entry Jamieson, Julia. “Nicolai Czumaj-Bront.” Creative Mornings GR (blog). http://creativemornings.com/talks/nicolai-czumaj-bront/1

CD-ROM “Designer Resources.” David Michael Furniture. Italy: David Michael, Inc., 2012. CD- ROM.

Email Cited in notes only.

Haworth, Dick, email message to author, November 15, 2000.

Multimedia Sources Video or Film The Corporation. Directed by Mark Achbar & Jennifer Abbott. Canada: Filmwest Associates, 2003. DVD, 165 min.7.

Podcast/YouTube Anderson, Ray. “Ray Anderson: The Business Logic of Sustainability,” Ted Talks. YouTube. May 18, 2009. 16:39. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iP9QF_lBOyA

Lecture/Public Address Mark, Gloria. “Multi-Tasking in the Workplace: Tasks, Information, and Interaction Contexts,” PARC Forum, 2010, http://www.parc.com/event/1079/multi-tasking-in- the-workplace.html

Johnson, Robert D., and Rossini, Paula. “Smart Buildings and Climate Change.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association, Chicago, IL, June 2013. Editorial Style Guide | Appendix A: Citations 47

Other Sources Government Publication US Department of Commerce, A Guide to United States Furniture Compliance Requirements, ONLINE. 2013. National Institute of Standards and Technology. http://gsi.nist.gov/global/docs/furniture_guide.pdf

Dissertation Danielsson, Christina Bodin. “The Office – An Explorative Study: Architectural Design’s Impact on Health, Job Satisfaction & Well-being.” PhD diss., Stockholm University, 2010.

Interview Augustin, Sally. Telephone interview with Carolyn Cirillo, August 25, 2014. 48 Editorial Style Guide | Appendix A: Citations

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