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50TH ANNIVERSARY 1961-2011 HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2011

CONTENTS

Message from International Religious the Chairman Security and Freedom and and President Foreign Affairs Human Rights & CEO 2 4 18

Economic Philanthropy, A Look Policy Society, and at Hudson’s Culture Fifty Years

22 28 34

James H. Hudson Finances Doolittle Prize Outreach and Herman Kahn Award 36 40 44

Board of Trustees Hudson Management and Leadership Research Areas and Scholars

45 46 48

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2011 Allan R. Tessler, Chairman Kenneth R. Weinstein, President and CEO hen the renowned strategist Herman Kahn founded Hud son W in 1961, he envisioned a unique organization where bold and unconventional solutions drawn from a broad, forward-looking perspective would address the challenges of the day. A half century later, Kahn’s approach has stood the test of time. The Institute’s history of policy research is a storied one: predicting the rise of Asia and of the Infor- mation Age in the early 1960s; fighting the “limits to growth” movement in the 1970s; promoting missile defense and pro-growth economics in the 1980s; designing the Wisconsin Works program MESSAGE FROM that became the basis for national welfare reform in the 1990s; and, in the past decade, predicting the impending credit THE CHAIRMAN AND crisis, the rise of political Islamism, and Russia’s transformation into an authori- PRESIDENT & CEO tarian petro-state. In 2011, Hudson proved once again that our research is uniquely ahead of the curve and an invaluable asset for policymakers and critical thinkers in the United States and abroad. More members of Congress—as well as foreign dignitaries— visited and cited Hudson than at any time in the past few decades. We celebrated our fiftieth anniversary with gala dinners and a series of seminars on themes central to our research. In New York, we honored Chairman Emeritus Walter Stern for his dedication to Hudson and Senator Joseph Lieberman for his long service to our country. In Wash- ington, we presented our prestigious

2 HUDSON INSTITUTE Herman Kahn Award to Senator Jon Kyl appointment of former AEI President report. As we enter the next half century and honored members of the armed serv- Christopher DeMuth as a Distinguished of Hudson’s forward-looking policy re- ices returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Fellow. DeMuth brings to Hudson an search promoting security, prosperity, At the Kahn dinner, Senator John McCain unparalleled depth of knowledge and and freedom—and as we head into a paid a poignant tribute to the members of experience in the field of government critical election cycle that will shape our the military and his fellow Senator from regulation. His research and writing also nation’s agenda for some time to come— Arizona. offer unique insights into how ideas we are deeply grateful to our supporters In addition to Hudson’s signature jour- shape policy. and friends for making our vital work nals, Current Trends in Islamist Ideology Finally, we are returning to our roots possible. and the 2011 Index of Global Philan- as a technology-oriented think tank by thropy and Remittances, we produced undertaking a major project to examine over two dozen reports and monographs. why innovation in the United States has Our scholars also published twelve ac- failed to live up to expectations. Drawing claimed new books this year, including on Hudson’s reputation for pathbreaking Amy Kass’ anthology, What So Proudly research, we have formed a project Allan R. Tessler We Hail: The American Soul in Story, advisory board that includes many of the Chairman of the Board of Trustees Speech, and Song (with Leon Kass and biggest names in technology, including Diana Schaub); Nina Shea and Paul PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, Google Marshall’s Silenced: How Apostasy and Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt, Blasphemy Codes Are Choking Freedom Microsoft Chief Research and Strategy Worldwide; David Satter’s It Was A Long Officer Craig Mundie, Biogen Idec CEO Time Ago, and It Never Happened George Scangos, and President of Rock- Kenneth R. Weinstein Anyway: Russia and the Communist Past; efeller University Marc Tessier-Lavigne. President and CEO and John Fonte’s Sovereignty These new initiatives—and others on or Submission: Will Americans Rule national security, India, the economics of Themselves or Be Ruled by Others? the Internet, and e-government—will add Given the turmoil in Egypt, and in the in critical ways to what is arguably one of Arab world more broadly, we added the most serious research agendas in the Samuel Tadros and Kurt Werthmuller to think tank world, including our corner- our world-class team of experts who stone programs on American national se- study the ideological character of radical curity, Islamic radicalism, human rights Islam and the persecution of religious and religious freedom, philanthropy at minorities in the Islamic world. Tadros home and abroad, the rise of Asia, and and Werthmuller focus on Egypt’s American culture. political transformation and the plight Our fiftieth-anniversary year—a year of the Copts, giving Hudson a new wealth that Herman Kahn would have been of expertise. proud of—has been outstanding, which This year we proudly announced the you’ll see chronicled in the pages of this

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 3 n 2011, Institute experts—many INTERNATIONAL of whom have served in high-level government positions—provided research, analysis, and guidance SECURITY AND on critical foreign policy and defense issues, including shifting Istrategies and alignments in Asia, the FOREIGN AFFAIRS ongoing war in Afghanistan and instability in Central Asia, the rise of China and India, and the decline of Europe. They produced Hudson Institute’s uniquely future-oriented incisive original re search, assisted strate- policy research has, for fifty years, analyzed gic decision-making and intelligence assessments for governments and the defense and foreign policy trends and events. private sector, participated in various Hudson scholars, following in the tradition of commissions and task forces, and appeared frequently as experts in the Hudson founder and noted strategist Herman world’s major media. Kahn, help national security and defense Hudson’s participation in the policy process was extensive in 2011, including planners understand the character of armed studies produced for the U.S. Depart - and unarmed conflict. ment of Defense, articles for leading

4 HUDSON INSTITUTE Former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Deputy National Security Adviser Michael Froman publications such as the Wall Street leadership. They analyze a broad but inte- Journal, World Affairs, and Foreign grated range of issues central to U.S. na- Policy, and briefings on Capitol Hill. tional security. A strong America requires Hudson’s work on the Islamic world— an integrated and cross-disciplinary un- and especially on the evolution of radical derstanding of grand strategy. In 2011, Islam—remains an area of deep expert- Hudson Institute’s national security ex- ise. Hudson’s signature journal, Current perts studied the manifold threats faced Trends in Islamist Ideology, is valued by by the United States, its allies, and its in- policymakers, universities, and opinion terests; offered forward-looking analyses leaders, and has been praised widely as of ever-changing global security land- the world’s preeminent journal of its kind. scapes; provided realistic knowledge of U.S. capabilities, ranging from counterterrorism to high-tech warfare; and developed comprehensive and effective National Security and strategies that seek to minimize threats, Nuclear Strategy leverage existing capabilities and alliances, and promote U.S. values and interests. Hudson experts seek to provide a solid The Institute’s national security team footing for national security strategies to includes former senior-level officials such counter threats and maintain U.S. global as Senior Vice President Lewis Libby, the former Chief of Staff to Vice President Richard Cheney; Senior Fellow Douglas Feith, the former Undersecretary of Defense for Policy; former Deputy Under - secretary of the Navy Seth Cropsey, former Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control Christopher Ford, and former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Jack David. In 2011 Hudson Institute hosted a series of discussions dealing with issues critical to national security. Highlighting the lineup was a Hudson book event for former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld’s Known and Unknown, featur- ing Secretary Rumsfeld, Douglas Feith, Lewis Libby, and former CNN Pentagon

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 5 correspondent Jamie McIntyre. Other important events addressed issues including export controls, the revolution in Egypt, and domestic and foreign challenges to American sovereignty. (For more on Egypt and the Arab Spring, see page 10.) The Center for National Security Strategies, directed by Feith, continued work on a project designed to help organ- ize the U.S. government to counter the Is- lamist ideology that fuels international terrorism. Feith and Hudson Senior Fellow Abram Shulsky are developing practical strategies and doctrines for the “battle of ideas” within the War on Terror. In 2011, Feith and Shulsky, together with Brook- ings Institution Fellow William Galston, prepared an extensive report on this topic.

6 HUDSON INSTITUTE President of the Czech Republic Václav Klaus and Lewis Libby

Feith and Cropsey penned the cover the traditional missions of a great mar- article of the July 2011 issue of itime power. Led by Senior Fellow Seth Commentary, “The Obama Doctrine Cropsey, Hudson Institute’s maritime Defined,” in which they examined the policy research focused attention on the ideas and historical outlook that inform implications of a shrinking U.S. Navy President Barack Obama’s approach to threatened by future budget cuts, a national security policy on issues ranging growing Chinese navy, and an increas- from Libya to transnational law to ingly tense world—and how these America’s relationships with Israel and changes might affect the United States’ other free-world allies. Feith and Cropsey position as a great power. are expanding this analysis in a forthcom- Led by Senior Fellow Christopher ing book to be released in 2012. Ford, a former Principal Deputy Assistant Increasing ship costs, decreasing Secretary of State for Arms Control, and naval budgets as land action against drawing on Hudson Institute’s half-century jihadists continues, and the U.S. Navy’s heritage of strategic nuclear research, the own declared strategy of emphasizing APARNA PANDE Center for Technology and Global Se cur - humanitarian assistance and disaster re- ity provided comprehensive analysis of lief all suggest that the United States will the policy merits and programmatic impli- experience increasing difficulty executing cations of countervailing reconstitution—

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 7 Bottom: Ann Marlowe reporting from a rebel camp in Libya maintaining the capacity to restart nuclear weapons programs after the elimination of all existing nuclear weapons—as an approach to continuing nuclear reductions, the possibility of achieving a world free of nuclear weapons, and the challenge of maintaining an abolition regime in the face of proliferation pressures. Complementary work was done by Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Political-Military Analysis Richard Weitz, who researches proliferation issues, and by Adjunct Fellow Shmuel Bar, who analyzes regional proliferation through the traditions, history, and current strategic thinking of Muslim and Arab culture. Jack David, Senior Fellow and former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction and Negotiations Policy, also contributed his expertise to Hudson’s research on the topic.

Radical Islam

Because the threats emanating today from the Muslim world are increasingly intercon- nected and global in character, Hudson Institute’s frequently cited research focuses on the growing presence of radical Islam and the challenges presented to American interests; terrorism and global jihad, and threats to U.S. allies, especially Israel; and potential U.S. and international policy responses. Senior Vice President Lewis Libby,

8 HUDSON INSTITUTE Senior Fellow Hillel Fradkin, Senior Fellow themselves as global in their politics. Maneeza Hossain, Research Fellow The Center also undertakes research Eric Brown, and Visiting Fellows Nibras on specific regions and countries of im- Kazimi and Lee Smith, drawing on their portance to American national security expertise in Islamic thought and theology, interests. have made Hudson a leader in cutting- Current Trends in Islamist Ideology, edge strategy and policy-relevant re- the flagship publication of the Center, search on Islam, Islamist movements, is the only journal exclusively devoted to and the possibilities for reform in the radical Islam and its ideology. Founded Muslim world. by Hillel Fradkin, Eric Brown, and former The Center on Islam, Democracy, and Pakistani Ambassador Husain Haqqani the Future of the Muslim World, directed in response to the terrorist attacks of by Hillel Fradkin, is dedicated to analyz- 9/11, Current Trends in Islamist Ideology ing the Muslim world as a whole and not fills a critical gap in the contemporary solely specific regions and countries. This scholarly study of radical Islam. The jour- focus derives from the tendency of Mus - nal’s website, www.CurrentTrends.org, lim regimes and political movements— received over 400,000 hits from around especially radical Islamic ones—to view the globe in 2011.

HILLEL FRADKIN AND HEDIEH MIRAHMADI, PRESIDENT OF WORDE

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 9 MIchael Horowitz, Sen. John Cornyn, and Max Singer Visiting Fellow Alex Alexiev also con- Fradkin, and Senior Vice President Lewis tributed to Hudson’s research on radical Libby published noteworthy op-eds and Islam by authoring a monograph entitled analyses of the long-term repercussions of Wages of Extremism, in which he pre- the unrest, both for the region and for U.S. sented an alternative approach to fighting and allied interests around the world. and winning America’s war against radi- Marlowe made multiple trips to Libya, cal Islam triggered by the events of filing and publishing weekly commentary September 11. from there for her World Affairs blog and other publications, including the Weekly Standard and The Daily. She also provided Middle East first-hand commentary from a rebel camp in Libya to Fox News. Fradkin and Libby continued work on The Arab Spring, as the various revolu- a long-term project looking at the role tions that have spread throughout the that Turkey is playing amidst the turmoil Middle East have been termed, is only the in the region. Through a series of journal latest in a series of major movements in articles and commentary, Fradkin and the region. The Western world’s response Libby examined the shift of power from to these revolutions has been as varied as Iran to Turkey. In a piece published by the peoples that create the cultural and World Affairs, they discussed the power historical make-up of the region today. shift from Ahmadine jad’s Iran to With the demise of Muammar Gaddafi in Erdogan’s Turkey. In an April 2011 Libya and Osama bin Laden in Pakistan, Commentary article, Fradkin and Libby and the ongoing draw-down of American presciently argued that the United States forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, the should be worried about a possible question of what kind of relationship the Muslim Brotherhood election victory in United States will and should have with Egypt. And in an incisive World Affairs ar- the Mid dle East has been at the forefront ticle in September, they examined the of Hudson research and commentary. historical undercurrent of U.S. policy in Senior Fellows Nina Shea and Paul the Middle East and argued that basing Marshall, Visiting Fellows Lee Smith and any foreign policy on these “strategic Ann Marlowe, and Research Fellows concepts”—many of which they argue Samuel Tadros and Kurt Werthmuller pro- are flawed in the current context of con- vided continuous commentary on events tinued uprisings—would quickly draw the happening on the ground in Egypt and United States into a military conflict that Libya. They have also analyzed the U.S. should, and could, have been avoided. response to each revolution. Senior Senior Fellow Seth Cropsey argued in Fellows Jack David, Douglas Feith, Hillel a World Affairs piece entitled “Democracy

10 HUDSON INSTITUTE Top: Samuel Tadros, Lee Smith, Nina Shea, Paul Marshall, and Douglas Feith Bottom: Kenneth Weinstein and Nobuteru Ishihara, Secretary-General of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party in Egypt: Applying the Tocqueville Standard” that in the recent Egyptian uprising, the Western media did not spend enough time considering the principles on which political parties are built, what kinds of parties are likely to emerge from Egypt’s current state, and whether they will improve Egypt’s prospects for individual liberty. Hudson scholars are also involved with efforts to build and strengthen civil society in dozens of countries, and frequently travel the globe to promote these efforts. Working in close partnership with the International Republican Institute, Eric Brown and Abram Shulsky helped design and conduct a series of three roundtable discussions in Iraq with Iraqi political, religious, and civil society leaders. The last of these sessions, held in January, brought together a large number of leaders from all regions of Iraq and parts of Iraqi society to discuss actions these leaders could take to promote Iraq’s democratic development. A firm supporter of the importance of the U.S.-Israel relationship as a part of America’s national interests in the Middle East, Hudson Institute regularly hosts public forums for such prominent Israeli officials as Ambassador Michael Oren and Ministers Moshe Ya’alon and Uzi Landau. Hudson scholars have published op-eds and articles about the importance of maintaining Israel’s security, and they have visited Israel to meet officials and conduct projects with Israeli partner organizations. Hudson Institute scholars

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 11 Top: Sen. Jon Kyl and Weekly Standard Editor William Kristol. Bottom: John Walters and Sen. Bob Corker participate in the annual Herzliya Confer- ence, Israel’s premier defense policy forum. Hudson, in partnership with the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, hosted a major conference examining the future of U.S.-Israel relations, carried live on C-SPAN. Panelists included some of the country’s most distinguished policy experts such as the Council on Foreign Relations’ Elliott Abrams; Brookings’ Michael Doran; co-chair of the Republican Israel Caucus Rep. Peter Roskam (R-Ill.); and Feith, Fradkin, Shulsky, and Libby from Hudson. Feith spoke and published frequently on Israel-related issues. In a November Wall Street Journal op-ed, Feith explained why President Barack Obama’s record on Israel is an appropriate issue for the upcoming presidential race. Adjunct Fellow Ronald Radosh, an award-winning histo- rian, continued to write on Arab-Israeli relations and U.S. policy in the Middle East.

Asia

Hudson Institute has a half-century tradition of forward-looking policy analysis in greater Asia. Hudson’s research portfolio is extensive in issues relating to Asia, including geopolitics, trade, proliferation, religion, demographics, and international policy. Senior Fellows Charles Horner and Christopher Ford study how contemporary

12 HUDSON INSTITUTE system, stirred widespread comment among historians and Sinologues. Hudson scholarship devotes special attention to the challenge of developing a stronger framework for the United States’ bilateral relationships in the region. Of particular note in 2011 was the major address that Nobuteru Ishihara, Secretary-General of Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party, gave to a Hudson audience. Ishihara commented on a re- newed U.S.-Japan alliance and what that means for the rest of Asia. His speech garnered much media attention in the United States and Japan. During the major earthquake and sub- sequent tsunami that hit Japan this year, Senior Fellow Jun Isomura provided daily updates from Japan and was frequently developments in China are influenced by ships as well as broader alliance issues in cited as a source of analysis on the long- the country’s evolving views of its modern the region. Special attention is focused term strategic effects of this disaster. He historical experience and by its intellec- on countries where Hudson has a long co-authored, with Senior Fellow Seth tual and cultural traditions. Horner and legacy of research, including Japan, Cropsey, an op-ed in Japan’s Yomiuri Research Fellow Eric Brown have paired South Korea, and Taiwan. Research Shimbun that called for effective political to study the strategic implications of in- Fellow Aparna Pande examines the future leadership and a concerted international creased Sinic-Islamic relations. Their arti- of India’s defense and foreign policy, its response to the disaster. cle, “Beijing’s Islamic Complex,” relations with Pakistan and China, and its The death of long-time North Korean published in The American Interest, alliance with the United States. dictator Kim Jong Il in December was a prompted worldwide attention and serves Horner and Brown have been develop- subject of commentary from Hudson’s as the basis for this research. ing new models for understanding both stable of Asia scholars. Senior Fellow Hudson experts and scholars— internal Chinese and intra-Asian politics. Melanie Kirkpatrick authored a striking including Senior Fellows Jack David, In October, their article “A Century after op-ed in the Wall Street Journal about Christopher Ford, and Seth Cropsey, the Qing: Yesterday’s Empire and Today’s what his death meant to North Korean Senior Vice President Lewis Libby, and Republics,” was published in China human rights moving forward. (See page Visiting Fellow John Lee—study U.S. Heritage Quarterly. The article, a lengthy 21 for more on Kirkpatrick’s activities). strategy for the future and security of the and wide-ranging analysis of the contem- Senior Fellow Jack David also authored a Asia-Pacific region and South Asia, in- porary meaning of the hundredth anniver- piece for National Review Online arguing cluding bilateral and trilateral relation- sary of the end of China’s ancient imperial that the regime’s “surviving leaders are

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 13 unlikely to change North Korean policy.” Escaping India. The U.S.-India relation- Other Hudson scholars also applied ship will undoubtedly be a defining part- their expertise to analyzing the repercus- nership for this century. Hudson Institute sions of Kim Jong Il’s death. Senior will launch, in early 2012, the Initiative on Fellow Richard Weitz commented exten- the Future of India and South Asia, to an- sively in international media on the alyze an integrated range of issues central military and nuclear angle, and Visiting to the future of the U.S.-India relationship, Fellow John Lee provided insightful including significant changes in U.S. commentary in the International Herald policy toward South Asia, the threat of Tribune and on Australia’s ABC News. Islamist extremism, changing trends in The U.S.-Pakistan-India relationship labor, scientific, and environmental stan- was also the focus of research. Spear- dards, and the rise of China as a competi- headed by Research Fellow Aparna tor to both India and the United States. Pande, this critical trilateral relationship— especially in light of the capture and killing of Osama bin Laden—was examined JAIME DAREMBLUM AND Latin America through various op-eds, testimony before REP. ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN Congress, visits from foreign dignitaries, and the publication of Pande’s book, Hudson’s Center for Latin American Explaining Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: Studies stands out for its unique exami-

14 HUDSON INSTITUTE nation of radical populism, the influence testimony and media outreach. He pro- timely analysis and projects by Senior of foreign actors in Latin America, and vided frequent commentary to American Fellows Carol Adelman, Michael U.S. relations with other nations in the and Latin American media outlets, includ- Horowitz, Paul Marshall, and Nina Western hemisphere. In 2011, the Center ing CNN, La Nación, Voice of America, Shea. Our scholars have examined held a series of significant public events, and the Weekly Standard. His columns countries such as Eritrea, Nigeria, attended by an impressive array of cur- are syndicated throughout Latin America Côte d'Ivoire, Sudan, Egypt, and Libya. rent and former diplomats, government and Spain. Daremblum also testified be- (For more on Egypt and Libya, see officials, and media. The Center also fore Congress, notably to the full House pages 10 and 19.) hosted numerous foreign dignitaries and Committee on Foreign Affairs on democ- government officials from Latin America racy and Nicaragua. for private briefings. The Center, directed Russia and Eurasia by Senior Fellow and former Costa Rican Ambassador Jaime Daremblum, provides Africa analysis of key economic, social, and po- The twentieth anniversary of the fall of the litical developments and trends through- Soviet Union occurred in 2011. Senior out Latin America. Hudson Senior Fellow and former USAID Fellow David Satter’s research has After decades of boom-and-bust administrator Andrew Natsios examines tracked the two decades since the col- volatility, Latin American economies fi- how U.S. policy can promote stability and lapse, examining the lessons Russia has nally seem to be moving toward a trajec- democracy in fragile states, focusing drawn from its Communist past. tory of stable growth. On the other hand, often on Africa. Under the Comprehen - The documentary film Age of Delirium some economies have been weakened sive Peace Agreement, voters in the premiered in Washington, in conjunction by radical populism, which has taken root south of Sudan voted in January on with Johns Hopkins’ SAIS, to critical in Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, and whether to secede from the North. For all acclaim. The film, directed and written by Nicaragua. In Venezuela, the regime led their differences, the North and the South Satter, is the story of the fall of the Soviet by Hugo Chávez has formed a strategic will remain dependent on each other after Union as lived and experienced by the alliance with the world’s leading state the referendum, if only because both Soviet people. Satter shows, through per- sponsor of terrorism—Iran—and has need oil revenues. Thus, Natsios co- sonal stories of the Soviet people, what it aided multiple terrorist groups, including authored a seminal piece in Foreign meant to live in a society based on a false the Colombian FARC, the Spanish ETA, Affairs entitled “Sudan’s Secession Crisis: idea and the tragic consequences of the and Hezbollah. Organized crime, drug Can the South Part from the North with- Soviet attempt to remake human nature. trade, and gang violence continue to af- out War?” presenting hope that the vote, Satter also completed It Was a Long fect regional security, and Russia, China, and secession, could go forward peace- Time Ago, and It Never Happened and Iran are actively promoting their fully. Natsios also completed work on his Anyway: Russia and the Communist Past agendas in Latin America with little oppo- forthcoming book, Sudan, South Sudan, (Yale) in 2011. In this book, Satter pres- sition from the United States. and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to ents a striking new interpretation of Daremblum continued to focus atten- Know, to be published by Oxford in Russia’s historical tragedy, locating as its tion on this often-overlooked but impor- March 2012. source Russia’s disregard for the value of tant region through congressional Hudson’s work on Africa includes the individual compared to the goals of

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 15 International University of Kyrgyzstan’s Sheradil Baktygulov, David Satter, and Seth Cropsey

the state. He shows the lasting influence Governance: International Security in a of the Communist experience on Russia Changing World Order (ABC-CLIO) was and the extent to which Communism had published in 2011. In it, Weitz analyzes a deep roots in Russian history. The book number of critical issues such as whether also shows changes needed for Russia to regional security institutions have distinct overcome its Communist legacy. advantages and liabilities in promoting in- In the Republic of Georgia, Senior ternational security, as compared with Fellow Charles Fairbanks continued his universal organizations such as the UN. effort to build democracy through the civic education of university students. The market-oriented liberal arts program, Canada and constructed by Fairbanks and imple- North America mented by him in Georgia during and after the Russian invasion, has resulted in

RUSSIAN HUMAN RIGHTS LEADER record enrollments by Georgian students. Senior Fellow Christopher Sands LEV PONOMAREV Senior Fellow and Director of the specializes in Canada and U.S.-Canada Center for Political-Military Analysis relations, an area that encompasses en- Richard Weitz’ latest book, War and ergy issues, the alliance relationship, and

16 HUDSON INSTITUTE border security. In 2011 Sands spoke to biodefenses by leveraging its existing of partnership despite asymmetries of national and Canadian media on a wide economic base and workforce. Sands power in order to manage complex variety of topics pertaining to North also authored a monograph, America and intervulnerability. American security and economic issues. the Canadian Presence, which analyzed John Walters, who served as His commentary also frequently appeared where Canada fits into the picture as the Director of the White House Office of on the Huffington Post and other note- United States faces global challenges. National Drug Control Policy during worthy websites. Sands co-edited a book with the George W. Bush administration, Sands assembled a team of Hudson University of Alberta Professor Greg analyzes the security threat from large, scholars that included Senior Fellows Anderson, Forgotten Partnership Redux: violent criminal organizations operating Christopher Ford and Tevi Troy, Visiting Canada-U.S. Relations in the 21st across the U.S.-Mexico border and in Fellow Hanns Kuttner, and COO and Century (Cambria), published in Central and South America. He was Executive Vice President John Walters December, which includes essays by interviewed or quoted by national and to produce a report, Northern Gauntlet: more than twenty leading scholars from international media outlets in 2011, Michigan’s Homeland Security Advantage the United States, Canada, and Mexico. including Fox News Channel, CNN, for America. Published in September, the In the book, the experts assess the pres- CNN International, Sun News (Canada), report analyzes the potential for Michigan ent and future of this bilateral relationship, Voice of America, and the Washington to make a larger contribution to U.S. arguing that the United States should Examiner. (For more on John Walters’ border security, cybersecurity, and continue to approach Canada in the spirit work, see page 29.)

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 17 RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND HUMAN RIGHTS

or fifty years, Hudson Institute’s research has been guided by a firm F belief that freedom is inherently transformative. Hudson’s vibrant programs consistently press for religious and other fundamental freedoms and human rights. Our scholars document abuses of religious freedom globally—especially in the Muslim world—and they work to develop policies that fight human trafficking, reform prisons, and combat Internet censorship.

Religious Freedom

The Center for Religious Freedom, directed by Senior Fellow Nina Shea, seeks to show the centrality of religious freedom to political freedom and democracy. The Center defends individuals and minority groups persecuted for their religious be- liefs and works to promote religious freedom through U.S. foreign policy. Led by Shea and Senior Fellow Paul Marshall,

18 HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2011 President and CEO of Voices for Sudan James Mulla, Samuel Tadros, and Kurt Werthmuller prospect of Islamist governments in Egypt and Tunisia. The year 2011 was turbulent for the Mid dle East, particularly for religious min orities. With the eruption of the so-called Arab Spring, Hudson’s Center for Relig ious Freedom warned about signs of an intensifying region-wide religious cleansing of Christians and other non-Muslims. In the first half of the year, Shea and Marshall wrote dozens of blog posts about Egypt for National Review Online and other news outlets and held the Center’s current work highlights and place on the suppression of religious and several policy panels focusing on tar geted opposes the tyranny of Muslim blas- speech freedoms in the Muslim world violence against the Copts and the other phemy and apostasy laws, which are and on political developments regarding effects of the rise of Islamist movements. used to oppress Muslim reformers, con- Egyptian Copts, with an active program On a trip to Saudi Arabia in February, verts, religious minorities, and others. of Congressional testimony and briefings, Shea raised concerns over internationally Hudson’s Center for Religious speeches, and media interviews. The distributed Saudi textbooks directly with Freedom is deeply committed to the im- Center’s numerous events included a the Saudi Minister of Education. On the portance of individual religious freedom panel on the persecution of Egypt’s tenth anniversary of 9/11, the Center re- in American foreign policy. It has called Copts, which was covered by C-SPAN leased its fourth analysis of these danger- attention to the compelling human rights and has since garnered over a thousand ous and violence-provoking textbooks. situation of the many Christians who views on Hudson’s website. Other events The electronic report, entitled Ten Years languish in prisons and are even killed included discussions of Sudan’s elec- On: Saudi Arabia’s Textbooks Still Pro- for their faith in Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Saudi tions, radicalism in Nigeria, and the mote Religious Violence, received more Arabia, Afghanistan, northern Nigeria, Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and elsewhere. The Obama administration appealed on behalf of hikers imprisoned in Iran, but has been too quiet about persecuted religious believers—even calling for “both sides” to restrain themselves when, in October, the Egyptian army tanks crushed Coptic youths in a deliberate measure to disperse a Coptic protest against the burning of their churches. The Center has become the “go-to”

From left: Marcello Pera, Paul Marshall, NIna Shea, and Ethics and Public Policy Center’s George Weigel than a thousand downloads in its first the Islamist threat to that region. His interviewed on the book by Fox News, week on Hudson’s website and four regular Egyptian election coverage has Moody, National Review Online, and many thousand downloads in 2011 overall. been featured on National Review Online, other media outlets. Launched at a Capi- This fall the State Department, for the and he has been quoted by the Wall tol Hill event, Silenced is now the main first time, finally began its own official Street Journal, the Weekly Standard, the resource for those concerned with free- study of this problem. Christian Post, and the Associated Press. dom of religion and speech in the Muslim With revolution ripping through several Werthmuller, whose history of the world, and, increasingly, in the West. Arab countries to the apparent benefit of Copts was published last year by the Former President of the Italian Senate, Muslim Brotherhood organizations, the American University of Cairo, writes Visiting Fellow Marcello Pera is a well- Center for Religious Freedom welcomed regularly on Coptic persecution and the known commentator, philosopher, and two cutting-edge Research Fellows— rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt professor. He researches how Europe Samuel Tadros and Kurt Werthmuller. for the Huffington Post, National Review could reclaim its Christian culture to meet The Center for Religious Freedom has Online, Patheos, and World Magazine. the civilizational challenges posed by a been ahead of the curve in analyzing Paul Marshall and Nina Shea’s book strong and growing Muslim presence. regional developments. For months, the Silenced: How Apostasy and Blasphemy Written from a secular and liberal—but mainstream media denied the impending Codes Are Choking Freedom Worldwide not anti-Christian—point of view, Pera’s Islamist “tsunami” that Tadros had pre- was published by the prestigious Oxford most recent book, Why We Should Call sciently predicted. A Cairo native, Tadros University Press in October and was re- Ourselves Christians: The Religious Roots cofounded the Egyptian Union of Liberal viewed widely by academic and policy of Free Societies, published in September Youth and has first-hand experience of journals. Marshall and Shea have been by Encounter, explains why the Christian

20 HUDSON INSTITUTE culture is still the best antidote to the cri- Islam. Marshall and Shea address the domestic human trafficking, address sis and decline of the West. Widely re- silence of the U.S. foreign policy estab - prison rape and promote international viewed, the book features a compelling lishment on the coercion of religious con- prison reform, provide aid for victims of preface by Pope Benedict XVI. formity in the Muslim Middle East and the obstetric fistula, and combat Chinese Pera joined Marshall and Shea, as well related threat to free speech in the West. support for the authoritarian regime in as the Ethics and Public Policy Center’s To further the vitally important free ex- North Korea. George Weigel, for a panel discussion at change of ideas and dialogue, Senior Fel- Senior Fellow Melanie Kirkpatrick is Hudson Institute on how Christianity is low Michael Horowitz works with a broad currently writing a book recounting a rare relevant to the future of Europe. coalition to neutralize efforts by China, good-news story from North Korea: the Iran, and other authoritarian regimes to escape to freedom of a small number of monitor or block their citizens’ Internet its people with the help of rescuers from Free Speech and access. Horowitz focuses on additional the United States and South Korea. Human Rights human rights issues that affect some of Through the little-known stories of North the most vulnerable populations in the Korean refugees and the courageous indi- world today, including rape victims and viduals who help them, she examines the The very definition of free speech in dem- refugees from authoritarian regimes. failed policies of the United States, South ocratic societies is under threat, as West- Horowitz builds bipartisan coalitions that Korea, China, and the UN and recom- ern Europe, Canada, and Australia now seek to protect these populations through mends more humane policies designed to arrest and try political leaders, cartoon- effective laws and policies, such as those open up North Korea, create dissent, and ists, journalists, and writers who criticize designed to prevent international and change the totalitarian regime.

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 21 22 HUDSON INSTITUTE the talents of Hudson scholars across the ECONOMIC POLICY breadth of the Institute, will analyze conditions favorable to America’s innovation dominance in the past; identify factors that drive or weaken American innovation today; examine the historical innovation pipeline and seek to construct a new one; and provide strategies to revitalize American innovation superiority. The project’s advisory board includes many of the biggest names in technology, including PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, Google Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt, Microsoft Chief Research and Strategy Officer Craig Mundie, Biogen Idec CEO Irwin Stelzer, Harold Furchtgott-Roth, and Christopher DeMuth George Scangos, and Pres ident of Rock- efeller University Marc Tessier-Lavigne. New Visiting Fellow Lianchao Han, a patent attorney specializing in intellectual ver since Hudson Institute’s and economic legislation, and projecting property protection strategies and founding in 1961, its econo- future economic trends. innovation, is leading the effort. mic policy research has been Hudson’s economic team—composed guided by a realistic optimism of senior-level economists and former about the power of vibrant gov ern ment officials with distinguished Health Care Emarkets and technology to shape a records of public service—focused on an better future for mankind. Driven by this array of policy issues including tax, fiscal, future-oriented, dynamic vision, Hudson employment, and housing policies, finan- In the aftermath of President Barack experts research issues ranging from cial sector reform, international trade, and Obama’s landmark health care reform digital innovation to the future of work- regulation. legislation, which saw some parts begin force preparedness to creative solutions to be implemented in 2011, Hudson ex- for long-term energy needs. perts examined the potential for more In a year of volatile American and Fostering Innovation reasoned approaches to reform. Senior global economic markets, Hudson’s 2011 Fellow Tevi Troy, former Deputy Secretary research on economics and health policy of Health and Human Services, is a proved invaluable to policymakers and This year Hudson Institute announced frequent contributor to national media opinion leaders worldwide, with experts and launched a major initiative to jump- programs reaching a nationwide audi- commenting on current conditions, ana- start a national debate about innovation ence, with over seventy television and lyzing proposed or enacted regulatory strategies. The program, which leverages radio appearances in 2011. His numerous

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 23 op-ed pieces have run in such outlets as and Human Services (HHS) implemented emergencies. The event, co-sponsored the Washington Post, the Wall Street the Medicare Part D program, opening a by Hudson, coincided with the 2011 BIO Journal, and Commentary magazine. His heated debate, both on the merits of the International Convention and drew wide article in Commentary entitled The Fog of original legislation and on its implementa- media coverage in Japan. Mediscare was described by radio host tion. Troy and Kuttner hosted an event Hugh Hewitt as “the domestic policy examining Medicare Part D, keynoted by equivalent of Jeane Kirkpatrick’s Dictator- former HHS Secretary and Governor of Energy and ships and Double Standards.” Utah, Michael Leavitt. Based on the event Environmental Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) spoke at a proceedings, Kuttner and Troy published Policy Hudson event on putting the states back The Medicare Drug Benefit Five Years in charge of health care reform. With the Later: Is It Working? health care system in flux, Visiting Fellow In addition to the work of Kuttner and As development increases the need for Hanns Kuttner, a former White House Troy, Hudson’s Center for Science in energy worldwide, Hudson scholars re- health policy advisor, projected the Public Policy, under the direction of main at the center of the debate, offering growing costs of health care. Kuttner Senior Fellow Jeremiah Norris, re- market-based solutions to the large-scale also examined the growth in digital gov- searched an assortment of international issues of energy supply and environmen- ernment currency allocated for recipients health issues in the developing world, in- tal concerns. The Institute’s economic ex- of public benefits programs in his 2011 cluding the economic impact of tropical perts examine the factors shaping U.S. Hudson monograph, The Move to Digital and cardiovascular diseases. Norris and and global energy policy and markets, Payment: When the Check Is No Longer Troy took part in an event looking at including: in the Mail. health care and innovation in Japan in the In 2006, the U.S. Department of Health wake of the tsunami and resulting nuclear • shifting demand to developing nations

24 Hanns Kuttner, Rep. Rubén Hinojosa, and John Weicher • the need for realism in combatting the potential negative effects of global climate change

• challenges posed by carbon taxes and overregulation

• the nature of federal spending on “green” jobs

• the future of nuclear energy in a post- Fukushima era

Visiting Fellow Lee Lane authored three monographs in 2011. The first, entitled U.S. National Interest, Climate Engin- eering, and International Law, looks at he writes frequently on the European eco- the perceived risks of both climate nomic crisis for the Wall Street Journal change and the measures proposed to Europe. He is also a contributor to the counter it. The second, entitled Emission Weekly Standard. Controls, Economic Growth, and Palm Oil Production, argues that, for many countries, economic development may offer Telecommunications and a better means of coping with climate Economics of the Internet change than greenhouse-gas controls. The third paper, History, Ideol ogy, and U.S. Climate Policy: Beyond the Hudson launched the Center for Econom- Orthodoxies of Left and Right, that was ics of the Internet, an innovative program launched at a Hudson event, analyzes the on Internet policy that focuses on free- international debate on climate policy and market principles, in June. The Center, climate change, arguing that a more seri- directed by Senior Fellow and former FCC ous policy discourse is necessary to face Commissioner Harold Furchtgott-Roth, these challenges. presents a market-oriented perspective Senior Fellow Irwin Stelzer also exam- SEN. ORRIN HATCH AND TEVI TROY on Internet policy that examines property ines factors shaping U.S. and global en- rights, contract rights, competition, and ergy policy and markets. His weekly government interference. column on the U.S. political economy ap- As part of the Center’s launch, pears in the Sunday Times (London), and Furchtgott-Roth held a series of events

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2011 25 that looked at the evolution of communications and the telecom industry, including hosting current FCC Commissioner Robert McDowell and James Miller, member of the Board of Governors for the United States Postal Service. Miller spoke at an event broadcast on C-SPAN about the long-term problems plaguing the United States Postal Service. Senior Fellow and Director of Hudson’s Economic Policy Studies group Irwin Stelzer—a frequent contributor to BBC and CNBC—published a monograph entitled Antitrust Policy in an Age of Rapid Innovation, which examines government antitrust regulation in light of the then-proposed AT&T/T-Mobile merger. crisis during 2011. As part of a project Our nation’s commitment to universal on the home mortgage interest deduc- telecommunications has created a vibrant tion, Hudson’s Center for Housing network of rural telecommunications and Financial Markets held a confer- providers. Visiting Fellow Hanns Kuttner ence, keynoted by Rep. Rubén Hinojosa published the monograph The Economic (D-Texas), on proposals to limit or elim - Impact of Rural Telecommunications: The inate the deduction. Throughout 2011 Greater Gains (in conjunction with the Senior Fellow John Weicher, Director of Foundation for Rural Services) that the Center, frequently wrote and spoke looked at the demand for stronger tele- on this issue. com options in rural areas. This paper During the year, Weicher participated was released at an event attended by in conferences and meetings on the cur- many of the leading proponents for in- rent and future research agenda of the creasing rural telecom capabilities. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Weicher also continued his work on “The Long-Term Dynamics of Housing and Affordable Rental Housing in the United States,” with presentations to several Financial Markets HANK CARDELLO professional association meetings. Covering the years since 1985, the re- Hudson Institute scholars conducted research project, funded by the MacArthur search on the continuing U.S. housing - Foundation, analyzes the process by

26 which housing units become available to other subjects have appeared in National today’s well-managed high-yield farming. lower-income households. Affairs, the Public Interest, the Harvard He focused on the reality that low-yield Law Review, the Yale Journal on Regula- organic farming is not a sustainable option tion, and other publications. for the twenty-first century. Alex Avery Trade and Regulation also warned that biofuels such as ethanol take scarce farmland away from food pro- Obesity Solutions and duction, only to produce small amounts of Senior Fellow Christopher Sands tracked Food Policy renewable energy. Senior Fellow and the Obama administration’s 2011 efforts Center Director Dennis Avery, an early to negotiate regulatory cooperation and ethanol skeptic and high-yield farming border security coordination with Obesity is one of the leading preventable advocate, was gratified by the Washing- Canada, assessing the new talks in The causes of death worldwide. The link be- ton Post’s 2011 editorial endorsement of Canada Gambit: Will It Revive North tween obesity and diseases such as his longtime policy recommendations. He America? Applauding the talks as a posi- type 2 diabetes is undeniable. However, is also finishing his newest book, Climate tive step with gains for both countries, food companies continue to market and Collapse: Abrupt Climate Change Sands notes that overcoming regulatory unhealthy foods. In keeping with the Through History, to be published in 2012. differences is necessary to U.S. competi- Hudson tradition of pragmatic, market- tiveness and to the realization of a single based solutions to pressing societal North American market in the future. (For problems, Hudson’s Obesity Solutions more on Chris Sands’ work, see page 16.) Initiative, led by Senior Fellow Hank In December, Hudson announced that Cardello, released a study entitled Christopher DeMuth will be joining the Better-For-You Foods: It’s Just Good Institute in 2012 as a Distinguished Business in 2011. The report and its ac- Fellow. DeMuth, former President of the companying event, which garnered wide American Enterprise Institute from 1986 media coverage from CNN, the Wall through 2008, is pursuing research on Street Journal, and CNBC, shows that the government regulation, competition, food and beverage industry can exper- and law and economics. ience higher profit margins and sales by DeMuth is widely recognized as a marketing more “better-for-you” products. pioneer in the think tank sector. Previous- Current policies under assessment by ly, he served in the Reagan administration the Obesity Solutions Initiative include the as Administrator of the Office of Informa- deployment of tax incentives to lower the tion and Regulatory Affairs in the Office of number of calories sold and the leveraging Management and Budget and Executive of marketing budgets to educate con- Director of the Presidential Task Force sumers about nutrition and portion control. on Regulatory Relief. The former Editor- Alex Avery, Director of Education at in-Chief and Publisher of Regulation Hudson’s Center for Global Food Issues, magazine, his articles on regulation and continued his work as a spokesman for

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2011 27 udson Institute’s research has always been guided by a belief in the importance of culture, religion, philanthro - py, civic renewal, and the ruleH of law. Our renowned scholars work to promote a vital civil society through applied research that examines contemporary policy debates through the prism of American citizenship and identity, patriotism, and civic education.

American Culture and Identity

Senior Fellow Amy Kass, an Emeritus Pro- fessor of the Humanities at the University of Chicago who has won numerous awards for her teaching, works extensively on civic renewal and American identity. American public life requires citizens who are knowledgeably attached to their country and communities, and who possess the character—the attitudes, sensibilities, and virtues—necessary for robust civic participation. The overall aim of Kass’ work is to contribute to the formation of PHILANTHROPY, such citizens through the soul-shaping possibilities offered by American imagina- tive literature and political rhetoric. SOCIETY, AND CULTURE What So Proudly We Hail: The American Soul in Story, Speech, and Song—co-edited by Amy Kass, AEI’s Leon Kass, and Loyola College’s Diana Schaub—was published in May by ISI

28 HUDSON INSTITUTE Press. The book was also the topic of democratic nation-state in general and the 2011 Bradley Symposium (See American self-government in particular. page 31). Kass, with her co-editors, Herbert London, President Emeritus of is developing a valuable website Hudson Institute and former Dean and (whatsoproudlywehail.org) with an founder of New York University’s Gallatin e-learning curriculum, “The Meaning of School, is a prolific social critic whose America,” based on the book. Kass is commentary examines the decline of also developing a similar series, based American culture, the rise of radical secu- on American holidays, which will be larism, and the challenge posed by radical available on the book’s website. Emerg- Islam. His latest book, Reclaim American ing with much fanfare as an excellent Liberty (edited with Carol Tabor), was pub- educational tool, the book and the lished by the University Press of America accompanying online curriculum will in December. be featured on the National Endowment The Hertog Political Studies Program for the Humanities website. completed its second year in 2011. Hudson’s Institute’s Center for AMY KASS, FLANKED BY LEON KASS AND Directed by Hudson Chief Operating SEN. LAMAR ALEXANDER American Common Culture, under the di- Officer and Executive Vice President rection of Senior Fellow John Fonte, seeks John Walters, the Hertog Program is to strengthen, sustain, and perpetuate American national identity and the Ameri- an elite, full-scholarship program in the can way of life. The Center has estab- lished itself as a major actor in the policy arena by promoting the patriotic assimilation of immigrants and by presenting a vigorous intellectual defense of American national identity, democratic sovereignty, and common culture. Fonte’s latest book, Sovereignty or Submission: Will Americans Rule Them- selves or Be Ruled by Others? (Encounter Books), has garnered much attention, including accolades from Czech Republic President Václav Klaus and Sen. Jon Kyl. In it, Fonte addresses the debate over democratic self-government versus trans - national global authority. Widely reviewed in a variety of outlets, the book tells the story of the global governance movement and explains how it threatens the liberal

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 29

Fox News’ Juan Williams Weekly Standard Editor William Kristol

theory and practice of politics. The stu- Civic Renewal hosted a series of lively dents hail from schools such as Harvard, debates, involving more than fifty opinion Yale, Princeton, and The University of leaders, on current issues in philanthropy. Chicago. This past year, the Hertog Topics for discussion included how the Program expanded to include two groups financial crisis has affected charitable of twenty-five students, with speakers in- giving, whether the philanthropic commu- cluding Associate Justice of the Supreme nity has lost its moral bearings, and the Court Antonin Scalia, Sen. Tom Coburn impact of the Gates Foundation on the (R-Okla.), and journalist Juan Williams. nonprofit sector. In addition to providing The former Chairman of the National practical advice and counsel to funders Endowment for the Humanities Bruce and the philanthropic community, the Cole, also the former Chairman of the Center is renowned for provoking fruitful American Revolution Center, joined Hud- and balanced conversation about the son Institute as a Senior Fellow in May. most important—and seldom discussed— He writes compellingly on civic education issues before the nonprofit sector. and American history. Bradley Center Director and Senior Fellow William Schambra published numerous articles in 2011 for outlets Philanthropy including The Chronicle of Philanthropy, and Civic Renewal Philanthropy Daily, and The Nonprofit INDIANA GOV. AND FORMER Quarterly. Schambra published an article HUDSON INSTITUTE PRESIDENT AND CEO MITCH DANIELS in The Chronicle of Philanthropy in Sep- Over the course of 2011, Hudson Insti- tember that examined the role of large tute’s Bradley Center for Philanthropy and foundations in the early development of

30 HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2011 the eugenics movement. The article sparked a debate, with outlets such as National Affairs and Philanthropy Daily reprinting the critique and the Carnegie Institution of Washington and the Car - negie Corporation of New York issuing a response. The seventh annual Bradley Sympo- sium, cohosted this year by Hudson’s Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renew al and National Affairs, featured a discussion among prominent political figures and scholars on American identity, focusing on a speech by Theodore Roo- sevelt entitled “True Americanism.” The forum was moderated by Hudson Senior Fellow Amy Kass and Leon Kass, AEI’s Madden-Jewett Scholar. Top: John Walters, Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels, William Schambra, and columnist David Brooks Covered in major newspapers and Below: author Gertrude Himmelfarb, columnist Charles Krauthammer, Amy Kass, and AEI’s Leon Kass

31 The 2011 Bradley Symposium

blogs, including National Review, and September. Joined by David Brooks of ago. Today, the Index is the most compre- broadcast by C-SPAN, the Symposium the New York Times, Governor Daniels hensive annual measurement of global examined What So Proudly We Hail: The lauded the Bradley Center’s work as he private giving, recognized by Foreign American Soul in Story, Speech, and discussed his book and highlighted the Affairs as “a one-stop compendium of Song (see page 29). The distinguished danger that can occur from an overre- the best data available on global philan- panel included Sen. Lamar Alexander liance on government. thropy.” Data from the new 2011 Index— (R-Tenn.); Robert George of Princeton which were cited in various news outlets University; Daniel Henninger, Wall Street including MSNBC, C-SPAN’s “Washing- Journal Deputy Editorial Page Editor; ton Journal,” Nonprofit Quarterly, and the Charles Krauthammer, Pulitzer Prize-win- Foreign Aid and Guardian—confirmed that for the first full ning columnist; Harvey Mansfield, Harvard International year of the global recession (2009, the University William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor latest year for which data are available) of Government; and Juan Williams, Development private giving to the developing world journalist and Fox News political analyst. has remained remarkably stable. Indiana Governor and former Hudson In 2009, private philanthropy and remit- President and CEO Mitch Daniels spoke Hudson Institute’s Center for Global Pros- tances from all developed to developing about his new book, Keeping the Repub- perity, directed by Senior Fellow Carol countries were nearly twice as much as lic: Saving America by Trusting Americans Adelman, created the Index of Global government aid. Remittances are still the (Sentinel), at a Bradley Center event in Philanthropy and Remittances six years largest U.S. financial flow to the develop-

32 HUDSON INSTITUTE ing world, exceeding private capital in- country-by-country basis, with the goal of vestment of $69.2 billion. The Index has helping to increase generosity and foster reframed the discussion about the roles civil society. of public and private sectors in foreign aid by showing that the full scale of a country’s generosity is measured not just by Law government aid, but also by private giving. The 2011 Index launch event, moderated by Adelman, examined how philan- Distinguished Fellow Judge Robert Bork, thropy is transforming government aid the noted constitutional scholar, was and how new forms of giving are in turn interviewed and quoted throughout 2011 transforming philanthropy. on a variety of legal issues, including the In conjunction with the U.S. Secretary 1988 Video Protection Privacy Act, which of State’s Global Diaspora Conference, prohibits video rental companies from the Center hosted an event to discuss the releasing customers’ rental lists—a law impact of remittances. Senior Fellow now known as “the Bork law” that was Jeremiah Norris presented at the Global passed in response to the release of Health Council, World Bank, IFC, and Judge Bork’s video rentals during his USAID roundtable event on development Supreme Court nomination hearings. assistance for health during the economic Today, Netflix and Facebook are urging crisis, where he presented philanthropy Congress to update the legislation to figures to emphasize the role of the private allow users to share their video sector in global health. preferences on social networking Due to the success of the Index, the platforms. Bloomberg, the New York nonprofit CSO Network Japan is working Times, and the Associated Press, among closely with the Center for Global Prosper- other publications, quoted Judge Bork on ity to replicate Hudson’s data collection the proposed changes to the legislation. methods on private philanthropy in Japan. The New York Times published an Building on the Index’s model, several or- op-ed column in October on Judge ganizations in other countries, including Bork’s Supreme Court nomination France and the Netherlands, have also be- process, saying that “the Bork fight, in gun to dig deeper into their international some ways, was the beginning of the private philanthropic numbers. end of civil discourse in politics.” The Center is undertaking a new pilot Judge Bork is currently at work on a index entitled the Comparative Index of book examining the tumultuous events of CAROL ADELMAN Philanthropic Freedom, the first indicator- 1973, with unique recollections of the based measurement in philanthropy that year he spent as Solicitor General and compares the “freedom to give” on a Acting Attorney General.

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 33 half century ago, the world was on the verge of a daunting new era that included the threat of global communism, the rise of strategic nuclear weapons,A and a growing fear of mass starvation, overpopulation, and depletion of natural resources. To con front these challenges, Herman Kahn and Max Singer founded Hudson Institute in 1961. It was to be a new kind of research organization that would give policy makers the vision, ideas, and confidence to face and solve the problems of the day. Kahn’s research was unconventional and broad-based. While others saw nuclear war as inevitable, Kahn and his team of intellectual leaders presented bold, new concepts to discourage a nuclear attack and maintain deterrence. When others ignored the potential of innovation, Hudson foresaw the rise of the Information Age and showed how technology can drive economic progress, fostering freedom and global prosperity. And when conventional wisdom in the 1970s said mankind was entering an era of decline, Hudson forecast that ingenuity and market forces would make food and energy more affordable and abundant, and that medical technology would lead to longer and healthier lives. Hudson scholars saw beyond the international status quo to a dynamic world of shifting geopolitical landscapes. When many in the West thought Asia was an irrel evant backwater, Hudson was among HUDSON HISTORY the first to predict Japan’s rise as a lead-

34 Illustration source: Vietnam War–era poster, circa 1969 Max Singer and Herman Kahn Herman Kahn, Donald Rumsfeld, and President Ford Mitch Daniels, Dan Quayle, and Leslie Lenkowsky

ing economic power. When Soviet Com- threat of radical Islam and terrorism and served in senior positions in the federal mun ism seemed eternal, Hudson helped how it can be countered. Hudson scholars government. From its founding days in shape the policy that secured victory in the also work to promote freedom and human Croton-on-Hudson, to the years in Cold War. After the collapse of Commu- rights, especially in the face of religious Indianapolis, to its prominent role in nism, Hudson’s forward-looking research persecution. Washington and New York today, Hudson provided the post-Soviet states of Central Hudson scholars produce economic boasts a high number of former senior- and Eastern Europe with strategies for research promoting growth, trade, inno- level defense strategists, a renowned building civil societies and free markets. vation, and prosperity; writings on Ameri- team of economists, and leaders on Hudson research has always recog- can institutions and ideals guided by American culture and institutions. nized that the most important form of principles of America’s founders; and Hudson Institute produces unique, capital is human capital. Hudson’s mile- studies on philanthropy that measure forward-looking research that is attuned stone studies on the workforce demon- the effectiveness of private, faith-based to the priorities of the next fifty years, strate the increasing importance of brain- assistance that empowers individuals. forging ideas that promote security, power and call for education to meet the prosperity, and freedom. need for high-skilled labor. When swollen he world today faces challenges To commemorate the fiftieth anniver- welfare rolls seemed a permanent feature no less daunting than those of a sary this year, Hudson held two gala din- of American society, Hudson designed half century ago. Much of today’s ners—one in New York and the other in Wisconsin Works, a historic program that T conventional wisdom remains Washington (see page 36)—and launched was the model for federal welfare reform gloomy, but Hudson follows the footsteps the Fiftieth Anniversary Seminar Series. legislation and gave employment oppor- of Kahn and his team and remains guard- These “future”-branded events, held tunity and independence to millions. edly optimistic, determined to find solu- throughout the year, examined future In the post 9-11 era, Hudson has tions to intractable problems through trends in European identity, Egypt, U.S. assembled a remarkably talented team of innovation, free markets, individual re- defense policy, global philanthropy, and re searchers who study a wide range of sponsibility, and American leadership. national identity. The seminar series was foreign and domestic issues. Focusing on Hudson is recognized throughout the capped off by the release of Hudson co- the ideological character of Islamic radi- world for its bold intellectual leadership, founder Max Singer’s latest book, History calism allows the Institute to help national with a broader team of scholars than at of the Future: The Shape of the World to and international leaders understand the any time in the past, many of whom have Come Is Visible Today (Lexington Books).

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2011 35 Walter Stern, Sen. Joseph Lieberman, and Kenneth Weinstein

36 HUDSON INSTITUTE Betsy Stern, Max Singer, and Herbert London

“Our country has benefited immensely “We do not live in a post-American from Joe Lieberman’s leadership and world,” Lieberman said. “We live in a JAMES H. courage,” said Hudson President and world in which American leadership and CEO Kenneth Weinstein during his intro- American power are more important than DOOLITTLE duction of the Senator. “He is a pillar of ever. The American people intuitively un- independence and strength.” derstand that. The fact is we live in a PRIZE At the dinner, Hudson also paid tribute world in which our own security, freedom, to Chairman Emeritus Walter P. Stern for and prosperity at home are inseparable udson’s 2011 James H. Doolit- his remarkable service to the Institute. from the security, freedom, and prosperity tle Prize Dinner in New York Stern has supported, shaped, and led of people in distant lands.” City in June honored Senator Hudson for more than three decades, Also speaking was Hudson Senior H Joseph I. Lieberman for his helping make Hudson a world-class Vice President Lewis Libby. Libby courageous leadership and distinguished public policy innovator. honored Walter Stern for his many years record of accomplishment in a long ca- In his speech, Senator Lieberman of service and dedication to Hudson reer devoted to ensuring the safety and warned against an isolationist American Institute, noting that “Wally’s gifts of security of the United States. foreign policy. patience, insight, and pragmatism cut

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 37 Clockwise from top left: Sen. Jon Kyl, Sen. John McCain, John Walters, Allan Tessler, and Lewis Libby

38 HUDSON INSTITUTE through it all. In the words of former cies that promote economic growth and ented responses to key policy chal- Hudson President and CEO Mitch national security. lenges,” Hudson President and CEO Daniels, ‘No one ever achieved more by Senator John McCain, a fellow mem- Kenneth Weinstein said. “A long-time claiming credit less.’ Wally is a man after ber of the Arizona delegation, presented friend of the Institute, Senator Kyl has Ronald Reagan’s heart.” the award to Kyl. The program also fea- been a steadfast proponent of forward- Libby continued: “Wally joined Hud- tured a tribute to the brave men and thinking policies, and we are proud to son’s calling, and he brought to it great women of the United States Armed honor him with our Kahn Award.” skills. But he also brought something Forces, honoring attendees from In 2010, Hudson Institute honored else equally impressive; he brought per- wounded veterans groups. Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels with sistence and endurance to the Institute.” “I have never known a Senator more the Herman Kahn Award. Hudson President Emeritus Herbert prepared and more persistent in his advo- London closed the evening with a tribute cacy of policies he believes best serve his and toast to the legacy of Gen. James constituents and country, on subjects as Doolittle, the intrepid aviator who led the various as they are important,” said Sen- daring April 1942 raid on Tokyo in the af- ator McCain in his introduction. “Nor one termath of the Pearl Harbor attack. The who manages to be as courteous and annual prize has been bestowed upon self-effacing as he is determined and per- Ronald Reagan, Henry Kissinger, Richard suasive. Jon is a problem solver, who be- Cheney, George Shultz, and David lieves that sharp reason and Petraeus, among others. reasonableness are not incompatible qualities.” “The work of Hudson’s Senior Fellows is unsurpassed for its importance, timeli- ness, scholarly rigor, and practical appli- HERMAN cability,” Kyl said at the dinner. “So, as KAHN proud as I am to receive the Herman Kahn Award, I am equally delighted to be AWARD able to be here with you to pay tribute to Hudson Institute.” The Herman Kahn Award honors visionary leaders who epitomize Kahn’s he Herman Kahn Award, named dedication to strong national security, after Hudson’s founder and world- guarded optimism about the future, and T renowned futurologist, was an appreciation of the role of technology awarded at a dinner in Washington in as a driver of global economic progress. November to Senator Jon Kyl for his long “Senator Kyl embodies the spirit of tenure in the Senate, which has been Hudson Institute founder Herman Kahn marked by unwavering advocacy of poli- and his drive to find rational, growth-ori-

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 39 HUDSON OUTREACH

or fifty years, Hudson Institute’s extensive research output and incisive commentary have been disseminated worldwide on a regular basis toF opinion leaders, policymakers, business executives, government officials, and members of the media. Hudson scholars also provide direct briefings and counsel to policymakers and officials on critical issues on a timely basis, both in the United States and around the globe.

Hudson Institute Online

¶ Hudson.org provides links to all scholars, centers, and programs affiliated with

40 HUDSON INSTITUTE and blogs—such as the Center for Global Prosperity’s “Blogal Prosperity” and Senior Fellow Christopher Ford’s “New Paradigms Forum.” Links to all our blogs and external sites can be found through the main Hudson.org website.

Events and Publications

¶ In 2011, Hudson hosted more than eighty public events in Washington, many covered by the national and international media, including C-SPAN, NHK, VOA, and NBC. All Hudson events the Institute. Hudson’s mobile website, held at the Betsy and Walter Stern Con- mobile.hudson.org, has grown exponen- ference Center at the Institute’s head- tially since its launch in 2010, drawing quarters are streamed online via Ustream, over 27,000 views a month in 2011. accessible at Hudson.org/WatchLive. Streaming events allows online viewers ¶ Hudson Institute also continued its from around the world to interact with expansion through social media outlets. event participants by submitting ques- A dedicated YouTube channel features tions through Twitter. interviews with Hudson scholars and highlights from Hudson events. ¶ Hudson Institute disseminates its Hudson’s Facebook page is a supple- pathbreaking research through an array ment to Hudson’s website, where fans of of books, reports, briefing papers, and Hudson can keep abreast of the latest serial journals, produced in both print and events, publications, and videos. electronic versions. In 2011, more than two dozen new publications, including ¶ Hudson also has an increasing pres- twelve books, covered a variety of topics, ence on Twitter, where the Institute has a as highlighted throughout this report. dedicated handle (@HudsonInstitute), and numerous scholars maintain their own ¶ Hudson Headlines, Hudson Institute’s feeds. Some centers, scholars, and e-newsletter, is sent to thousands of re- projects host their own websites cipients each week. It provides a listing of

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 41 upcoming and past events, the latest op- eds, new publications, media citations, testimony, transcripts, and YouTube clips.

¶ Hudson’s biannual News & Review newsletter provides a cumulative compi- lation of our progress and impact. Each issue features event summaries, new publications, report descriptions, ex- cerpts of testimony and op-eds, a scholar profile, and stories on the Institute’s most recent and noteworthy developments.

Media and Press Coverage

¶ In 2011, Hudson garnered press coverage in a wide spectrum of high-profile print and online outlets. Hudson scholars have appeared in leading publications such as the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, the Washington Post, Forbes, National Review, National Affairs, the Weekly Standard, the New Republic, and many others. Moreover, Hudson’s scholars continued to provide background expertise at these and other leading national and local publications.

¶ Hudson scholars were on every major U.S. news channel and a variety of foreign outlets to provide their expertise on pressing issues and debates in 2011. Television appearances included PBS, CNN, Fox News, C-SPAN, CNBC, Fox Business, France 24, CTV (Canada),

42 HUDSON INSTITUTE BBC, NHK, CNN en Español, and Voice of • Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) gave an ad- cluding President of the Czech Republic America stations around the world. dress focusing on health care reform Václav Klaus, Secretary-General of the and the leading role that States should Liberal Democratic Party of Japan be playing in its formation. Nobuteru Ishihara, and Foreign Minister Government Relations • Sen. Joseph Lieberman (I-Conn.) of Costa Rica René Castro-Salazar. received this year’s James H. Doolittle Prize, and Sen. Jon Kyl (R-Ariz.) ¶ In 2011, Hudson Institute’s visibility on received the Herman Kahn Award. Internship Program Capitol Hill expanded, as Hudson schol- (See pages 36 through 39 for more ars were called to testify before congres- information on these events.) sional committees on numerous topics, ¶ This year, more than two hundred stu- including the threat to Coptic Christians ¶ Leaders of government agencies also dents from an array of uni versities in the and sectarian violence in Egypt; the frequently call upon Hudson scholars for United States and abroad—including demo cracy deficiency in Nicaragua; their expertise. In 2011, Hudson scholars Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Cornell, chronic disease prevention and health briefed leading members of Congress of University of Chicago, Swarthmore, care reform; American strategy in South both parties, Cabinet and subcabinet offi- Cambridge, Oxford, Penn State, George Asia; and barriers to job creation and cials, and White House staffers. Hudson Washington, and Carnegie Mellon— other economic issues. Their testimony researchers also briefed dozens of lead- provided research and administrative was frequently televised on C-SPAN. ing officials from foreign governments, in- support to Hudson scholars and staff. Detailed descriptions of our scholars’ testimony are chronicled throughout the pages of this report.

¶ Hudson also played host to numerous major Washington speeches and meetings with current U.S. government officials.

• Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) gave a major address to a Hudson Institute audience on America’s national security strategy and the defense budget. • Rep. Rubén Hinojosa (D-Texas) spoke to a Hudson audience about the mortgage interest deduction. • Rep. Peter Roskam (R-Ill.) spoke at a Hudson event on Capitol Hill about Israel and the strategic relationship with the United States.

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 43 Through their intern ships, these students national security, promoting liberty and gain valuable experience and insights in human rights, unleashing the power of free public policy, communications, and ad- markets, and nurturing civil society through ministration. Past Hudson interns have encouraging effective philanthropy. gone on to be hired by the federal govern ment, Washington think tanks, ¶ Hudson Institute is a nonprofit, non- Congressional offices, foreign govern- partisan 501(c)(3) research organization. ments, and think tanks overseas. Finan cial support for the Institute can be in the form of cash, securities, stocks, and matching gifts. Donors can also Support provide support for Hudson’s research and programs through bequests and other forms of planned giving and en- ¶ Hudson’s influence on public policy dowment support. relies greatly on the generosity of private individuals, foundations, and cor porations. Investing in Hudson Institute means More information about donating to investing in independent public policy Hudson Institute is available at research dedicated to strengthening inter- hudson.org/support.

Investment Income: 9.1% FINANCES 2011 Corporations: 17.6% Sources of Revenue Corporations: 17.6%

Individuals: 25.2% Foundations: 38.9% Government: 9.2%

Foundations: 38.9% Individuals: 25.2% Investment Income: 9.1%

Government: 9.2% Total Operating Expenses: $10,580,000

44 HUDSON BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND LEADERSHIP

CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD Deborah Kahn Cunningham Margaret Whitehead Allan R. Tessler Consultant, DKC Group McLean, VA Chairman, Epoch Holdings Corporation Laurence C. Leeds, Jr. Curtin Winsor, Jr. VICE CHAIR Chairman, Buckingham Capital Management Chairman, Marie-Josée Kravis American Chemical Services Company Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute George Jay Lichtblau Chairman and CEO, John C. Wohlstetter VICE CHAIR Communication Networks LLC Senior Fellow, Discovery Institute Sarah May Stern Scarsdale, NY Herbert I. London President Emeritus, Hudson Institute OFFICERS CHAIRMAN EMERITUS Walter P. Stern William Matassoni Kenneth R. Weinstein Vice Chairman, Capital International, Inc. Founder and CEO, The Glass House Group President and CEO

BOARD OF TRUSTEES Ebrahim Moussazadeh John P. Walters President, Matrix Creations Chief Operating Officer Thomas C. Barry and Executive Vice President Founder and CEO of Zephyr Yoji Ohashi Management, L.P. Chairman of the Board, Lewis Libby All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. Senior Vice President Linden S. Blue Vice Chairman, General Atomics Carolyn S. Parlato Herbert I. London President, C&C Shorelands, Inc. President Emeritus John Catsimatidis President and CEO, Red Apple Group E. Miles Prentice, III Grace Paine Terzian Partner, Eaton & Van Winkle LLP Vice President for Communications Jack David Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute Nina Rosenwald, New York, NY Katherine Smyth Corporate Secretary and Director of Program Gerald Dorros William Schweitzer and Staff Planning Medical Director, Partner, Baker Hostetler The William Dorros-Isadore Feuer Interventional Cardiovascular William D. Siegel Disease Foundation New York, NY

Russ Gerson Susan M. Steinhardt CEO, Gerson Global Advisors New York, NY

Lawrence Kadish Kenneth R. Weinstein Old Westbury, NY President and CEO, Hudson Institute

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2011 45 HUDSON RESEARCH AREAS

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Promoting American National Security Defeating the Threat of Radical Islam Facing a Rising Asia Advancing U.S. Interests in the Americas Building Vibrant Civil Societies and Democracies

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND HUMAN RIGHTS Religious Freedom Human Rights Freedom of Speech

ECONOMIC POLICY Fostering Innovation American Competitiveness Health Care and Biotechnology Economics of the Internet E-Government Energy Policy Housing and Financial Markets Regulatory Policy The Future of the Automotive Industry Food Policy Obesity Solutions

PHILANTHROPY, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE Philanthropy and Civic Renewal American Identity Global Development Culture and the Rule of Law

46 HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2011 IN MEMORIAM STEPHAN M. MINIKES

In September, Hudson Institute mourned the loss of Board Mem- ber Stephan M. Minikes. Minikes was the former United States Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), a position he held from 2001 until 2005. He joined Hudson Institute’s Board of Trustees in 2008. Most recently, Ambassador Minikes was Of Counsel to Xenophon Strategies, a strategic public and government affairs firm representing Fortune 500 American and European companies as well as major U.S. trade associations. He was also actively engaged in the oil and gas production business.

As Ambassador, Minikes was involved in security, economic, and political issues facing the Euro-Atlantic, U.S.-European Union, U.S.-Russia, and U.S.-Eurasia relationships. He worked with more than fifty ambassadors representing countries throughout Europe and Eurasia to address a wide range of security-related concerns, including human rights and democratization, conflict prevention, post-conflict rehabilitation, confidence and security- building measures, counterterrorism and arms control, and economic development. He also led the OSCE to become the foremost international organization at the government level on matters of racism, discrimination, antisemitism, migration, immigration, and integration.

Prior to his appointment, Ambassador Minikes practiced law for more than thirty years in New York and Washington with the national law firm of Thelen Reid and Priest, LLP, and served as Senior Vice President and a member of the management committee of the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Minikes also served as Counsel and Chief of Staff to the White House Energy Office, as Counsel to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), and as a member of the CNO’s senior staff.

47 HUDSON MANAGEMENT AND SCHOLARS

Kenneth R. Weinstein is President and John P. Walters is Chief Operating CEO of Hudson Institute. He serves by Presi- Officer and Executive Vice President of dential appointment and Senate confirmation Hudson Institute. He has extensive as a member of the National Humanities experience in foreign and domestic policy Council, the governing body of the National and in philanthropy. Previously, he was Endowment for the Humanities. Weinstein Director of the White House Office of has written widely on international affairs National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) and comments on France 24, Le Monde, during the George W. Bush administration. the BBC, NHK, Fox News Channel, and He has also served as President of numerous international media outlets. The Philanthropy Roundtable. Walters com- Essential Herman Kahn: In Defense of Think- ments frequently in outlets such as CNN, ing (Transaction, 2009) is his latest book. BBC, and the Wall Street Journal.

Hudson Senior Vice President Lewis Libby Herbert I. London is President Emeritus specializes in U.S. national security strategy, of Hudson Institute. His work has appeared strategic planning, the future of Asia, the in Commentary, National Review, American Middle East, and the war against Islamic Spectator, and the Wall Street Journal, radicalism. Before joining Hudson, Libby among other outlets. He frequently com- held several high-level positions in the fed- ments on radio and television, including eral government, including Chief of Staff to Fox News Channel and CNN. In 2011, Vice President Richard Cheney and London edited (with Carol Tabor) Reclaim Assistant to the Vice President for National American Liberty: Essays from the First Security Affairs. His articles have appeared Reclaim American Liberty Conference in Commentary Magazine, World Affairs, (University Press of America). and the Weekly Standard, among others.

Grace Paine Terzian, Vice President for Katherine Smyth is Hudson’s Corporate Communications, oversees all Hudson Secretary and Director of Program and Staff communications and outreach, including Planning, responsible for all corporate publications, public affairs, website, and documentation, oversight, and administra- events. She was formerly Executive Direc- tion. She has an active role in setting and tor of the Allergy and Asthma Network and implementing institutional policy. She has Senior Vice President of the Independent extensive experience in think tank program Women’s Forum. She has held positions management, having worked at the Inter- at a variety of magazines, including the national Institute for Strategic Studies and New Republic, Architectural Digest, the the Center for Strategic and International Chronicle of Higher Education, and The Studies. Women’s Quarterly.

48 HUDSON INSTITUTE Carol Adelman is a Senior Fellow and Di- Alex Avery is Director of Research and rector of the Center for Global Prosperity, Education at Hudson’s Center for Global which produces the annual Index of Global Food Issues. Prior to joining Hudson in Philanthropy and Remittances. In addition 1994, he was a McKnight Research Fellow to heading up foreign aid for Asia, the at Purdue University. He is the author of Middle East, and Eastern Europe at the The Truth About Organic Foods U.S. Agency for International Development (Henderson, 2006) and frequently (USAID), she served as Co-Chair of a comments on pesticides, organic Bipartisan Congressional Commission to foods, and high-yield farming. reform foreign aid, and as Vice-Chair of the Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid to USAID.

Dennis Avery, Senior Fellow and Director Distinguished Fellow Judge Robert Bork of the Center for Global Food Issues, spe- focuses on constitutional law, legal history, cializes in agriculture, environment, world antitrust law, and the Supreme Court. Judge hunger, biotechnology, pesticides, and Bork formerly served as Solicitor General, water issues. He is the author of Unstop- acting Attorney General, and Judge for the pable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years United States Court of Appeals for the (Rowman & Littlefield, 2007). Previously, District of Columbia. He is the author of Avery served the U.S. Department of State several books, most recently A Time to as an agricultural analyst, assessing foreign Speak (ISI Books, 2008). His articles have policy implications of farming. appeared in the Washington Times and National Review, among others.

Kim Bowling is Hudson Institute’s Eric Brown is a Research Fellow at Human Resource Administrator and Hudson’s Center on Islam, Democracy, Office Manager. A longtime employee and the Future of the Muslim World. He is of the Institute, she is responsible for co-editor of Hudson’s signature journal, overseeing day-to-day office operations, Current Trends in Islamist Ideology. Brown office systems and technology, and has directed or participated in a range of human resources. research and analytical projects focused on Islamic and Asian affairs, the alternative security and sociopolitical futures of the Middle East and Asia, and U.S. foreign policy and strategy.

Senior Fellow Hank Cardello directs Bruce Cole joined Hudson Institute as a Hudson’s Obesity Solutions Initiative. He Senior Fellow in 2011, specializing in civics, specializes in food and obesity, consumer history, and American culture. The former behavior, and food policy and industry. President and CEO of the American Rev- Previously, he was an executive at several olution Center, Cole previously served as the companies, including Sunkist Soft Drinks, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Canada Dry, Coca-Cola USA, and Humanities (NEH). Appointed by President Anheuser-Busch. Cardello is the author of George W. Bush and unanimously confirmed Stuffed: An Insider’s Look at Who’s (Really) by the Senate in 2001 and again in 2005, Making America Fat (HarperCollins, 2009). Cole was the longest serving Chairman of the NEH.

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 49 Seth Cropsey is a Senior Fellow and Ambassador Jaime Daremblum, Senior expert on military affairs and Asian policy. Fellow and Director of the Center for Latin He has published in the Wall Street Journal, American Studies, served as Costa Rica’s Washington Post, World Affairs, Foreign Ambassador to the United States from 1998 Affairs, and the Weekly Standard, among until 2004. He has testified before Congress other outlets. Previously, he served as numerous times on U.S.–Latin America Deputy Undersecretary of the Navy during relations and is a frequent author of articles both the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. in leading publications such as the Wall Bush administrations. Street Journal, the Washington Post, the Weekly Standard, and La Nación.

Jack David, Senior Fellow and Member Christopher DeMuth joined Hudson of the Board of Trustees, specializes in Institute as a Distinguished Fellow on national security and defense policy. Previ- January 1, 2012. He was President of the ously, he was Deputy Assistant Secretary of American Enterprise Institute for Public Defense for Combating Weapons of Mass Policy Research (AEI) from 1986 to 2008 and Destruction and Negotiations Policy under D.C. Searle Senior Fellow at AEI from President George W. Bush. He has been 2008 to 2011. DeMuth studies government published in the Wall Street Journal and regulation, competition, and law and eco- National Review, among other major outlets. nomics. Formerly the editor-in-chief of Regulation magazine, his work has appeared in the Wall Street Journal, National Affairs, and Commentary, among others.

Senior Fellow Ronald Dworkin, M.D. Senior Fellow Charles Fairbanks has practices anesthesiology at Greater Balti- served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of more Medical Center. He has written for the U.S. Department of State and member of the Wall Street Journal, the Baltimore Sun, the Department’s policy planning staff. He and other newspapers. He is the author of was Director of the Central Asia- Artificial Happiness: The Dark Side of the Caucasus Institute at Johns Hopkins New Happy Class (Basic Books, 2006). University’s School of Advanced International Studies.

Douglas J. Feith is a Senior Fellow and John Fonte is a Senior Fellow and Director Director of the Center for National Security of the Center for American Common Culture Strategies. Prior to joining Hudson Institute, at Hudson. He studies national identity, the Feith served as the Under Secretary of assimilation of immigrants, global organ- Defense for Policy in the George W. Bush izations, and the future of American liberal administration. He is the author of War and democracy. He is most recently the author Decision: Inside the Pentagon at the Dawn of Sovereignty or Submission: Will of the War on Terrorism (Harper, 2008). Americans Rule Themselves or Be Ruled Feith’s articles have appeared in by Others? (Encounter Books, 2011). Commentary Magazine, National Review, and the Wall Street Journal, among others.

50 HUDSON INSTITUTE Christopher Ford is a Senior Fellow and Senior Fellow Hillel Fradkin directs the Director of the Center for Technology and Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Global Security. Ford specializes in nuclear Future of the Muslim World. He specializes nonproliferation and strategic studies. in foreign policy, Islamic and Jewish Previously, Ford served as the U.S. Special thought, war, and ethics. Under Fradkin’s Representative for Nuclear Nonproliferation. direction, the Center produces the preemi- His latest book, co-edited with Amichai nent journal Current Trends in Islamist Cohen, is Rethinking the Law of Armed Con- Ideology. Fradkin has been published by flict in an Age of Terrorism (Lexington, 2012). the Weekly Standard, Commentary, and World Affairs, among others.

Senior Fellow and Director of the Center Lianchao Han is a Visiting Fellow working for the Economics of the Internet Harold on Hudson’s Future of Innovation Initiative. A Furchtgott-Roth joined Hudson in patent attorney specializing in intellectual 2011. From 1997 through 2001, he served property protection strategies and as a Commissioner of the Federal innovation-related issues, he is also an Communications Commission (FCC). expert on China’s economic and political development. Previously, Han worked in Prior to his appointment to the FCC, the U.S. Senate for twelve years, serving as he was Chief Economist for the House legislative counsel and policy director for Committee on Commerce. three U.S. senators.

Yoshiki Hidaka is a Visiting Senior Fellow, Charles Horner is a Senior Fellow spe- focusing on U.S.-Japan relations. Hidaka is cializing in the study of China, Asia, and the executive producer of Yoshiki Hidaka’s U.S.-China relations. He is the author of Washington Report, a documentary news Rising China and Its Postmodern Fate: program broadcast on Television Tokyo Memories of Empire in a New Global Network. He is a Senior Advisor to the Context (University of Georgia, 2009). His President of the U.S. Chamber of articles have appeared in the Washington Commerce. Post,the Wall Street Journal, and National Interest, among others.

Senior Fellow Michael Horowitz directs Maneeza Hossain, an expert on Islam the Project for International Religious Liberty. and Bangladesh, is a Senior Fellow with the Horowitz studies many civil rights issues, Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future including human trafficking, Internet of the Muslim World. She is the author of freedom, prison reform, and human rights. Broken Pendulum: Bangladesh’s Swing to He is frequently called upon to testify before Radicalism (Hudson Institute, 2007). Congress and has been cited in leading outlets such as the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, and the Washington Post.

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 51 Based in Tokyo and Washington, Amy Kass is a Senior Fellow specializing Jun Isomura is a Senior Fellow and in philanthropy, civic leadership, civic edu- directs Hudson’s U.S.-Japan Strategic cation, and American citizenship. For more Summit Program. He focuses on inter- than thirty years she was an award-winning national affairs, national security issues, teacher of classic texts in the College of the and information technology security. University of Chicago. She is the editor of Prior to joining Hudson, Isomura ran an four books, most recently What So Proudly international public affairs and risk We Hail: The American Soul in Story, consulting firm. Speech, and Song (ISI Press, 2011), which is used as a valuable teaching tool nationwide.

Director of Congressional Relations Amy Nibras Kazimi is a Visiting Fellow focus- Kauffman focuses on U.S. campaign ing on the growing threat of jihadism in the and election laws, campaign finance, and Middle East, prospects for democracy in politics and elections. Previously, she was the region, and the national security of Iraq. Director of Campaign For America, a Previously, he directed the Research Washington-based nonprofit organization Bureau of the Iraqi National Congress dedicated to campaign finance reform. in Washington and Baghdad. Kauffman has commented on CNN, C-SPAN, Fox News, NBC, and CBS.

Melanie Kirkpatrick is a Senior Fellow Marie-Josée Kravis is a Senior Fellow specializing in U.S. foreign policy, interna- and Vice Chair of the Board of Trustees. tional security, Asia, and North Korea. She Kravis is a well-known economist special- contributes reviews and commentary to vari- izing in public policy analysis and strategic ous publications, including the Wall Street planning. Her articles have appeared in Journal, where she was a Deputy Editor of Forbes, the Wall Street Journal, and the the editorial page from 2006 to 2009 and a National Post (Canada), among others. longtime member of the editorial board. She is currently at work on a book entitled Escape from North Korea: The Untold Story of Asia’s Underground Railroad (Encounter, 2012).

Hanns Kuttner is a Visiting Fellow work- Lee Lane is a Visiting Fellow specializing ing on the Institute’s Future of Innovation in climate change, geo-engineering, and Initiative. Kuttner studies a broad range of the environment. He previously was a topics involving change in technology and Resident Fellow at the American Enterprise health care. He wrote The Move to Digital Institute, and from 2000 to 2007 was Execu- Payment: When the Check Is No Longer in tive Director of the Climate Policy Center. the Mail (Hudson, 2011), The Economic Im- Lane is the author of Strategic Options for pact of Rural Telecommunications: The Bush Administration Climate Policy (AEI, Greater Gains (Hudson, 2011), and Future 2006) and also a Senior Consultant with Marketplace: Free and Fair (Hudson, 2011). NERA Economic Consulting.

52 HUDSON INSTITUTE Based in Australia, John Lee is a Visiting Visiting Senior Fellow Mario Mancuso, Fellow specializing in Chinese develop- formerly Under Secretary of Commerce ment, the foreign policies of states in East under President George W. Bush, special- and Southeast Asia, and U.S.-China rela- izes in trade and technology. Prior to gov- tions. His articles have been published in ernment service, Mancuso spent almost a the Wall Street Journal Asia, the National decade in the private sector as an interna- Interest, and Forbes, among others. He tional corporate lawyer and business exec- is the author of Will China Fail? (Centre utive in New York, Boston, and London. for Independent Studies, 2009).

Ann Marlowe, a Hudson Visiting Fellow, is Paul Marshall is a Senior Fellow at a writer and businesswoman specializing in Hudson’s Center for Religious Freedom, the U.S. military, counterinsurgency strat- specializing in religious freedom, Islam, egy, and Afghanistan. A frequent traveler to and human rights. Marshall is the author Afghanistan, Marlowe has embedded with and editor of more than twenty books; his the U.S. Army numerous times. In 2011, latest, with Nina Shea, is Silenced: How Marlowe visited Libya reporting on the up- Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes Are rising from rebel camps. Her articles have Choking Freedom Worldwide (Oxford, appeared in the Wall Street Journal, the 2011). His articles have appeared in the New York Times, the Weekly Standard, the Wall Street Journal, the Weekly Standard, New York Post, and other outlets. and National Review, among others.

Senior Fellow Andrew Natsios served Senior Fellow Jeremiah Norris directs as Administrator of the U.S. Agency for Hudson’s Center for Science in Public International Development (USAID), the Policy, specializing in public-private part- lead U.S. government agency for inter- nerships in development assistance; trade national economic development and and development; global AIDS, TB and humanitarian assistance, from 2001 malaria policies; and the emergence of until 2006. He is author of The Great noncommunicable diseases in emerging North Korean Famine (U.S. Institute of market economies. His articles have been Peace, 2001). published in the Wall Street Journal, The Lancet, the British Medical Journal, and the Financial Times.

Aparna Pande is a Research Fellow An Italian philosopher, Senator, and and Director of Hudson’s Initiative on the former President of the Italian Senate, Future of India and South Asia. She Marcello Pera is a Visiting Fellow at contributes to media outlets such as the Hudson Institute. Pera specializes in Weekly Standard, Huffington Post, modern political philosophy, liberalism Pajamas Media, IndoLink, Outlook India, and religion, and the future of Europe. and Chowk. Pande’s latest book is His latest book is Why We Should Call Explaining Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: Ourselves Christians: The Religious Escaping India (Routledge, 2011). Roots of Free Societies (Encounter Books, 2011).

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 53 Visiting Fellow Andrei Piontkovsky is Chiko Punn works on Hudson Institute’s Executive Director of the Strategic Studies Future of Innovation Initiative. Previously, he Center (Moscow) and a well-known politi- worked for the Institute for Humane Studies cal analyst in Russia. An outspoken critic as a Research Assistant on the Freedom of Putin’s “sovereign democracy” in Initiative Project, and was a part of the Russia, Piontkovsky is the author of Koch Associate Program. several bestselling books on the Putin presidency, including Russian Identity (Hudson Institute, 2008).

An attorney specializing in international and Christopher Sands is a Senior Fellow constitutional law, Elizabeth Samson is specializing in Canada and U.S.-Canada a Visiting Fellow. Formerly an Adjunct relations, as well as North American eco- Professor at CUNY Queens College, she nomic integration, the auto industry, and has published in the Guardian, Jerusalem trade policy. Sands, a regular columnist for Post, the Wall Street Journal, and the the Huffington Post, has been interviewed New York Times. on NBC, Fox News, BBC, and numerous Canadian outlets.

David Satter is a Senior Fellow specializ- Senior Fellow William Schambra directs ing in the study of Russia. A former Moscow the Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic correspondent, Satter is a longtime observer Renewal. He has written extensively on the of Russia and the former Soviet Union. His Constitution, the theory and practice of civic most recent book is It Was a Long Time revitalization, and civil society in the Wall Ago, and It Never Happened Anyway: Russia Street Journal, National Affairs, Nonproﬁt and the Communist Past (Yale, 2011). He Quarterly, and the Chronicle of Philanthropy. directed and produced the documentary He is regularly cited by the media as a lead- Age of Delirium, 2011. ing commentator on philanthropy issues.

Gabriel Schoenfeld (on leave) is a Sen- An international human rights lawyer, Senior ior Fellow specializing in national security, Fellow Nina Shea directs Hudson’s Center intelligence and intelligence leaks, terror- for Religious Freedom. Since 1999, Shea has ism, and the media. His most recent book served as a Commissioner on the U.S. Com- is Necessary Secrets: National Security, the mission on International Religious Freedom. Media, and the Rule of Law (W.W. Norton, She has written numerous books, including 2010). Schoenfeld frequently writes for the (with Paul Marshall) Silenced: How Apostasy Wall Street Journal and appears on Fox and Blasphemy Codes are Choking Freedom News, PBS, and CNN. From 1994 to 2008, Worldwide (Oxford, 2011). Shea has been he was Senior Editor of Commentary. published in the Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, the Weekly Standard, and National Review, among other outlets.

54 HUDSON INSTITUTE Abram Shulsky is a Senior Fellow at Senior Fellow and Trustee Emeritus Hudson Institute. Previously, he served as an Max Singer founded Hudson Institute advisor to the Under Secretary of Defense for with Herman Kahn in 1961 and served as Policy from 2001 to 2009, dealing primarily President until 1973. Singer is the author with issues related to Iraq and the Global War of numerous books, most recently History on Terror. Shulsky is the co-author (with Gary of the Future: The Shape of the World to J. Schmitt) of Silent Warfare: Understanding Come Is Visible Today (Lexington, 2011). the World of Intelligence (Potomac Books, He has also written many articles for 2002). His articles on intelligence and arms Commentary, National Interest, the New control have appeared in a number of outlets, York Times Magazine, and Reader’s Digest. including the Weekly Standard and the Wall Street Journal.

Lee Smith is a Hudson Visiting Fellow Yulya Spantchak is a Research Fellow at and a Senior Editor at the Weekly Standard. Hudson’s Center for Global Prosperity and Smith is a frequent guest on radio and the Center for Science in Public Policy. A television and contributes articles on Arab major contributor to the Index of Global and Islamic affairs to the New York Times, Philanthropy and Remittances, Spantchak the New Republic, the Weekly Standard, focuses on remittances and diaspora and Tablet magazine, among others. His philanthropy. She speaks and writes on latest book is The Strong Horse: Power, issues relating to the role of the private Politics, and the Clash of Arab sector in international development. Civilizations (Doubleday, 2010).

Senior Fellow Irwin Stelzer directs Samuel Tadros joined Hudson’s Center for Hudson’s Economic Policy Studies Group. Religious Freedom as a Research Fellow in He specializes in economics, regulatory 2011. Previously, he was a Senior Partner at policy, competitiveness, and the European the Egyptian Union of Liberal Youth, an or- economy. He is the U.S. economic and ganization that aims to spread the ideas of political columnist for the Sunday Times classical liberalism in Egypt. A Professional (London) and a contributing editor of the Lecturer at Johns Hopkins University’s Weekly Standard. Stelzer frequently School of Advanced International Studies, comments on international economics his articles have been published by the Wall for television and radio outlets, including Street Journal, the American Thinker, the BBC and CNBC. American Interest, and the Weekly Standard.

Senior Fellow Tevi Troy researches health Senior Fellow John Weicher directs care, domestic policy, and presidential Hudson’s Center for Housing and Financial politics. He has served as the Deputy Markets. From 2001 to 2005 he served as Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health Assistant Secretary for Housing and Federal and Human Services and as a senior White Housing Commissioner at the Department House aide. His work has appeared in the of Housing and Urban Development. His Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, and writings on housing policy and the Commentary, among many other outlets, mortgage crisis have appeared in the Wall and he is a regular contributor to National Street Journal, the Financial Times, the Review Online. Troy comments frequently Weekly Standard, and the Chicago Tribune, on Fox News, Fox Business News, and and he is a frequent commentator on radio numerous radio outlets. and television.

ANNUAL REPORT 2011 55 Senior Fellow Richard Weitz directs Kurt Werthmuller joined Hudson’s Center Hudson’s Center for Political-Military for Religious Freedom as a Research Fellow Analysis. His current research includes in 2011, researching trends in the status of regional security developments relating to religious minorities in the Middle East. Previ- Europe, Eurasia, and East Asia, as well as ously, he served as Associate Professor of U.S. homeland security and nonproliferation History at Azusa Pacific University and as policies. Weitz comments widely to media Assistant Professor of History at Geneva outlets such as Fox News, MSNBC, and the College. He is the author, most recently, Associated Press, and has written numerous of Coptic Identity and Ayyubid Politics in books, including War and Governance: Egypt, 1218-1250 (American University in International Security in a Changing World Cairo Press, 2010). Order (Praeger, 2011).

DEVELOPMENT

Caitlin McGrath is Hudson Institute’s Gerardo Pantoja is Hudson’s Develop- Administrative/Development Assistant. In ment Manager and Executive Assistant to 2011, Caitlin graduated from Duke University the President and CEO. He joined Hudson with a Bachelor of Arts in Public Policy Institute in 2008. Pantoja graduated from Studies and a certificate in Markets and Pepperdine University with a Bachelor of Management. Science in Business Administration.

Not depicted: Rachel Pagano, Program Officer, Hertog Political Studies Program Alex Alexiev, Visiting Fellow Justin Polin, Research Associate James Bologna, Communications and Web Manager Kevin Searcy, Assistant to the Executive Vice President and Assistant Kacie Marano, Project Manager, Center for Global Prosperity Director, Hertog Political Studies Program Kristen McIntyre, Project Manager, Bradley Center for Chelsea Sharma, Accounting Support Specialist Philanthropy and Civic Renewal Laddyma Thompson, Assistant to the President Emeritus

Hudson Institute needs your financial support to continue its innovative research. Investing in Hudson means supporting independent policy research that is dedicated to promoting security, prosperity, and freedom. Please consider contributing to Hudson Institute on our support site: www.hudson.org/Invest.

Hudson Institute would like to thank the following people for their contributions to this report: James Bologna, Anne Himmelfarb, Susan Kristol, Grace Paine Terzian, Mitzi Pepall, Philip Ross, Ioannis Saratsis, Chelsea Sharma, and Katherine Smyth. Interns Sunyoung Park and Stephanie Rothman also provided assistance. Photographs on pages 5, 6, 9, 13, 14,17 released by the Department of Defense.

56 HUDSON INSTITUTE 50TH ANNIVERSARY 1961-2011

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