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WWW.HUDSON.ORG FALL 2008

FOUR NEW SCHOLARS EXPAND HUDSON’S NATIONAL SECURITY AND FOREIGN POLICY WORK

Hudson Institute is proud to announce the arrival of four Senior Fellows, each HUDSON with extensive experience in foreign policy and national security. “These distinguished scholars highlight the speed and strength with which Hudson’s research SCHOLARS portfolio is growing,” Chairman Allan Tessler says. “National security studies RESPOND were a core part of Herman Kahn’s legacy, and we’re pleased to be extending our work in this vital field.” TO RUSSIAN ANDREW NATSIOS served as Administrator for U.S. Agency for Inter- AGGRESSION national Development from 2001 until 2006, where he oversaw the agency’s AGAINST reconstruction programs in Afghanis tan, Iraq, and Sudan. In 2006, President Bush appointed him Special Coor dinator for International Disaster Assistance GEORGIA and Special Humanitarian Coordinator for the Sudan. Natsios served previously at USAID, first as Director of the Office of Foreign When Russia rolled its tanks and artillery into Georgia on the eve of Disaster Assistance and then as Assistant Administrator for the Bureau for Food the 2008 Olympics—initiating the and Humanitarian Assistance. He also served as a member CONTINUED ON PAGE 23 biggest European conflict since Clockwise from upper left, Douglas Feith, Andrew Natsios, Christopher Ford, and Hassan Mneimneh World War II—Hudson scholars were quickly sought out to discuss the situation. From the inter- nal political ramifications in Rus- sia, to the constantly-changing geostrategic im plica tions of the crisis, Hudson scholars examined the crisis from every angle. ZEYNO BARAN, Director of Hudson’s Center for Eurasian Studies, presciently warned for months about the potential for Russian action in Georgia. When the conflict erupted, Baran ap - peared on C-SPAN, the BBC, and Fox News, providing up-to-the- minute analysis as the situation changed. Baran also expanded Hud son’s global CONTINUED ON PAGE 22

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 1 CONTENTS CHAIRMAN’S Fall 2008 LETTER

1 Four New Scholars Dear Friend of Hudson Institute: Expand Hudson’s NATIONAL SECURITY Major news headlines focused this summer on several Hudson research areas: and FOREIGN high oil prices and the mortgage crisis, heightened instability in Pakistan and POLICY Work Afghanistan, the crisis in Georgia and rising tensions with Russia. Hudson Institute has been there throughout, providing a credible analytic resource for Hudson Scholars Respond practitioners in government and business who must confront these and other to RUSSIAN AGGRESSION complex policy challenges. Several of our scholars—Zeyno Baran, Charles against GEORGIA Fairbanks, David Satter, Andrei Piontkovsky, and Richard Weitz—provided expert commentary on the implications of the Russian-Georgian conflict in the 2 Chairman’s LETTER extensive press coverage that dominated the news in August. Hudson economists Irwin Stelzer and Diana Furchtgott-Roth continued their 3 Excerpts of Congressional regular newspaper and magazine columns on contemporary U.S. and global eco- TESTIMONY by Hudson nomic trends, accessible on Hudson’s website. They also published white papers SCHOLARS on energy and pension policy respectively, while Nina Shea of the Center for Religious Freedom produced a report exposing the ongoing intolerant teachings 4 HUDSON INTERNS of the Saudi Arabian public school religious curriculum. These papers are must- reads for policymakers, business leaders, and the informed citizen alike. 5 Hudson MEDIA Highlights Given the growing demand by policymakers and opinion leaders for Hudson Institute research, I am pleased to announce that we are making several signifi- 6 In Memoriam: cant additions to our team of renowned policy experts—a growing number of CLAY T. WHITEHEAD whom served recently at high levels of government. They bring depth of experi- and WILLIAM ODOM ence in policy analysis, formation, and implementation. We extend a warm wel- come to Douglas Feith, former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy; Andrew 7 Scholar in the Spotlight: Natsios, former Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Develop - JAIME DAREMBLUM ment; Christopher Ford, former U.S. Special Representative for Nuclear Non- proliferation; and Hassan Mneimneh, former director of the Iraq Memory 8 Hudson EVENTS Foundation based in Baghdad. I am very proud of Hudson’s significant growth over the past few years. I 13 New York BRIEFING hope you follow our research closely and share my pride in our quality work. COUNCIL Hudson not only helps our policymakers find their way, but also helps you ask the right questions of those who make decisions that affect you. 14 Hudson PUBLICATIONS We ask you to support Hudson in any way you can to ensure the tradition of Hudson independent research, whatever the challenges that lie ahead. 17 COMMENTARY

Photos on pages 7-12 by Philip Ross ALLAN R. TESSLER Chairman

2 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 EXCERPTS OF CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY BY HUDSON SCHOLARS

number of earners per household, in Islamist ideology. Nearly all individ- DIANA FURCHTGOTT- with the top fifth averaging 2.1 earn- uals involved in terrorism—whether as ROTH’S testimony on ers compared to the bot tom fifth’s half foot soldiers ex ecuting the attack or income inequality before an earner per house hold. Since more as upper-level strategists, financiers, or the Subcommittee on people are work ing in the higher in - recruiters—start out as non-violent Workforce Protections come households, it is hardly surpris- Islamists. Therefore, the deciding fac- of the House Committee ing that the household as a whole is tor in determining which Muslims can on Education and Labor earning more. be allies in the so-called “long war” July 31 cannot be based on tactics—that is, whether or not a group embraces vio- ZEYNO BARAN’S lent methods. The deciding factor Economists use a variety of measures testimony on countering must be ideological: Is the group Is- to determine how equally the income violent Islamist extrem- lamist or not? “pie” is divided. These measures in- ism before the Senate Although various Islamist groups clude inequality indices and earning Committee on Home- quarrel over means (and often bear shares. Common to all these meas- considerable animosity towards one land Security and ures, however, are certain challenges. another), they all agree on the end - Governmental Affairs All measures need a definition of in- game: a world dictated by political July 10 come, and defining income is not as Islam. straightforward as it seems. Some re- searchers will use pre-tax income, Violence is only one of the tools used while others will look at post-tax in - by extremist Islamists in the broader NINA SHEA’S come before transfer payments such “war of ideas” against Western liberal testimony before as food stamps, Medicare, or Social democracy. Winning the war against Congressional Human Security. Others use post-tax, post- terrorism is not possible un less, as the Rights Caucus Task trans fer income. What measure is 9/11 Commission Report correctly Force on International used makes a significant difference…. stat ed, the U.S. “prevail[s] in the long - Religious Freedom Not all households are the same er term over the ideology that gives June 20 size, and household size has dimin- rise to Islamist terrorism.” In order to ished over time due to later marriages, succeed, we must first come to under- fewer children, and divorce. There are stand the roots of this ideology: name- China is clearly pursuing policies 1.7 people in the average household in ly, Islamism. against religious freedom that violate the lowest fifth of households, and this This is not to say that all Islamists international human rights standards. number rises steadily to 3.1 persons in will one day become terrorists; the vast High-ranking Chinese government the top fifth of households. Differences majority will never engage in violence officials, including President Hu Jin- in household income, then, are larger and in fact are likely to abhor terrorist tao, have praised the positive role of than differences in in come per person. acts. Nevertheless, the first step on the religious communities in China and Similarly, there are differences in the path to jihadi terrorism is instruction CONTINUED ON PAGE 6

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 3 HUDSON INTERNS PROVIDE AN ESSENTIAL LAYER OF SUPPORT FOR THE INSTITUTE

This year, over 150 students from an array of universities in the United States and abroad, including Harvard, Yale, Princeton, University of Chi- cago, Cornell, Swarthmore, Cambridge, and Oxford, provided research and administrative support to Hudson scholars and staff. Through their internships, these students gain valuable experience and insight in public policy, communications, and administration. “I learned about so many different aspects of communications work,” noted Emily Simmons, an intern from Pennsylvania State University, who worked with Grace Terzian, Hudson’s Vice President for Com- munications, and Rachel Currie, Hudson’s Managing Editor. This year, two Hudson interns, Jawanshir Rasikh, an Afghan Ful- bright student at James Madison University, and Mariam Sabri, a student at Mt. Holyoke College from Karachi, Pakistan, organized a sem- inar that brought together students from Pakistan and Afghanistan to discuss the many challenges and opportunities facing their nations, which have often had thorny relations. The panels covered such key issues as militant Islamist groups, democracy and the establishment of the rule of law, education, poverty, and the future of moderate Islam in both countries. Hudson’s internship program is run by Hudson Research Associate and Communications Coordinator Ioannis Saratsis, who began at Hudson as an intern. “Hudson’s interns are exposed to a wide variety of topics and scholars and have proved vital in helping Hudson accomplish its mission of providing innovative research,” Saratsis says. Senior Fellow Richard Weitz, who taught social studies at Har- vard, serves as academic mentor for Hud son interns. He observes, “Our best interns here at Hudson have been on par with my best students at HUDSON’S Harvard.” Many undergraduates eventually pursue graduate programs INTERN related to their research at Hudson. Like Weitz, other Hudson scholars enjoy the opportunity to mentor PROGRAM our interns. “Hudson interns often go to work in the policy world, so it is so im portant that we use our experience to help them understand the changing global environment,” noted Hudson Senior Fellow Christopher Sands. Hudson staff members often reach out on behalf of former interns to help them find jobs in the policy world. Recent interns have been hired by the federal government, assumed research positions at other Wash- ington think tanks such as the Brookings Institution, and taken jobs at embassies and on Capitol Hill. Several work for political campaigns on both the Democratic and Republican side of the aisle. Gerardo Pantoja, a recent graduate of Pepperdine University, was recently hired as Hudson’s Administrative Assistant.

4 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 HUDSON MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS

■ ABC NEWS’ NIGHTLINE Pervez Musharraf’s resignation Kenneth Weinstein on the ■ CTV (Canada) August 19 vice-presidential debate Rod Hunter on the impacts of October 2 hurricanes on the energy-market ■ BBC TV September 1 David Satter discusses the conflict ■ MSNBC between Russia and Georgia Herbert London on the August 18 economic bailout September 29 ■ FRANCE 24 TV ■ FRANCE 24 Lee Smith on developments ■ BBC TV Kenneth Weinstein interviewed in Lebanon/August 13 Irwin Stelzer on Congress’s about the presidential campaigns reaction to the Wall Street bailout August 27 ■ VOICE OF AMERICA September 22 Jaime Daremblum on Latin ■ RADIO CANADA American issues/August 12 ■ FRANCE 24 INTERNATIONAL Meyrav Wurmser on the Christopher Sands on the role of Israeli election foreign observers at the political September 17 conventions/August 27

■ BBC TV ■ AL JAZEERA Zeyno Baran interviewed on the Laurent Murawiec on Nabucco pipeline the Russia-Georgia conflict September 3 August 25 ■ PBS’s Think Tank ■ FOX NEWS Herbert London featured August 3 Zeyno Baran on the conflict between Russia and Georgia August 20

■ BBC TV Andrei Piontkovsky on the conflict between Russia and Georgia ■ FRANCE 24 TV August 20 Amy Kauffman on the presidential election ■ VOICE OF AMERICA ■ FOX NEWS September 2 Richard Weitz interviewed on Diana Furchtgott-Roth

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 5 HIGHLIGHTS CONTINUED FROM PAGE 5 TESTIMONY CONTINUED FROM PAGE 3 discusses the economy articulated a desire to have religious groups promote “economic and social July 16 development.”Yet despite being award ed the Olympics, China remains one of the world’s worst religious freedom violators. Although there is a growing “zone of toleration” for worship and for China’s religious communities, the government continues to restrict religious practice to government-approved religious associations, control the activities of both unregistered religious groups and spir- itual movements, such as the Falun Gong, and repress the religious activities of ethnic minority groups viewed as a “security” threat—such as the Tibetan Buddhists and Uighur Muslims. China continues to arrest, detain, and harass religious believers. Protestants and Catholics who refuse to register with the government-sanctioned religious groups face particularly serious penalties. Last year, over 600 Protestants were ■ BLOOMBERG TV detained and 38 were given sentences of more than one year. Rod Hunter on energy security July 6 IN MEMORIAM ■ C-SPAN Nina Shea presents testimony on Hudson Institute mourns the passing of two distinguished individ- religious freedom/July 7 uals, Trustee CLAY T. WHITEHEAD and former Senior Fellow LT. GENERAL WILLIAM ODOM. Whitehead, a pioneer in the satellite broadcasting industry, served as the first Director of the U.S. Office of Telecom munications Policy in the Nixon administration. Under White head’s leadership, a market-based “open skies” policy for communications satellite and cable television licenses was implemented, end- ing monopolies and leading to increased competition and greater viewer choice. Whitehead, a visionary who helped shape the contemporary multi-channel television landscape, was an entrepre- ■ C-SPAN Michael Horowitz discusses neur who built satellite television systems in Europe and the U.S. human trafficking/June 30 Odom, a retired U.S. Army three-star general and former Dir- ector of the National Security Agency under President Ronald Reagan, had a long and distinguished career in military intelligence. The quintessential soldier-scholar, Odom joined Hudson Institute in 1988 to become Director of National Security Studies, simultaneously joining the political science department at Yale University. Odom’s numerous and widely acclaimed books include The Collapse of the Soviet Military (Yale University Press, 1998) and Fixing Intelligence (Yale University Press, 2002). Known for his forthright opinions, Odom was a leading critic of the 2003 ■ BBC TV U.S. intervention in Iraq. Carol Adelman on global We extend our deepest sympathies to their families. philanthropy June 7

6 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 JAIME DAREMBLUM

JAIME DAREMBLUM is a Hudson Senior Fel- low and Director of Hudson’s Center for Latin American Studies. Daremblum’s wide-ranging scholarship focuses on the politics, eco- nomics, and international relations of the region. “Jaime has been significantly ahead of the curve on developments in Central and South America and the ties between those regions and the U.S., China, Russia, and the Middle East,” Hud son CEO Kenneth Wein- stein says. Daremblum regularly hosts conferences and seminars that explore Latin American affairs. Most recently, he has convened events on radical populism, China’s growing influence on Latin America, the election in Bolivia, Mexican politics, and the threat to the region from Iran. Daremblum’s articles and op-eds have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, the Weekly Standard, the New York Sun, the Miami Herald, Diario Las Ameri cas (Florida), El Universal (Caracas), La Nación (Costa Rica), and other outlets. From March 1983 to April 1998, Darem blum was a columnist and editorial writer for the La Nación. He continues to contribute regularly to the paper. In May, Hudson published a monograph by Daremblum entitled “How to Strength- en Demo cracy in Latin America.” The monograph outlines the enduring challenges Latin America faces, including poverty, radical populism, education, and the struggle to adapt to globalization. Daremblum has also written several books in his native Spanish, including From Yalta to Vancouver (Libro Libre, 1995). He co-authored Nicaragua and Central America: Conflict and Demo cracy (Libro Libre, 1984). Daremblum has lectured widely throughout the U.S., Europe, and Latin America in SCHOLAR a variety of forums, including events hosted by the White House, the French National Assembly, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He testifies frequently before Con- gress and participates in numerous conferences and seminars in the United States, IN THE Latin America, Europe, and Israel. Prior to joining Hudson, Darem blum was Costa Rica’s Ambassador to the U.S. (1998-2004). In that post, he was known for assuring a high diplomatic profile SPOTLIGHT for his country. He enjoyed warm relations with Presi dents Clinton and George W. Bush. His stature provides valuable connections for Hudson in Wash ington’s diplomatic community. Prior to becoming Ambassador to the U.S., Daremblum taught political economy at the University of Costa Rica, the Autonomous University, and the Center of Admin- istrative and Political Research, affiliated withTulane University. Daremblum graduat- ed with honors from University of Costa Rica and earned his M.A. and Ph.D. at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. A lawyer by training, Daremblum practiced law in Costa Rica, where he co-founded the Daremblum & Herrera-Abogados law firm. —Emily Simmons

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 7 Stacy Palmer, Ray Madoff, William Schambra, Hudson Leslie Lenkowsky, and Pablo Eisenberg EVENTS SEPTEMBER AMERICA’S SECULAR CHALLENGE: THE RISE OF A NEW NATIONAL RELIGION

Hudson President Herbert London argues in his timely and wide-ranging new book, America’s Secular Challenge (Encounter) that the pervasive culture of secularism in the United States is an inadequate response to radical Islam. In the so-called war of ideas, London explains, our reflexive belief in relativism has handicapped our ability to thwart the inroads of fanaticism. R. Emmett Tyrrell, Editor of the American Spectator, moderated the discussion.

IS PHILANTHROPY GOING TO THE DOGS?

When Leona Helmsley died, she left all but a few million dollars of her perhaps $8 billion estate to the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, making it one of America’s largest foundations. She also left a document indicating that the entire trust be used for the care and wel- fare of dogs. Transcripts, summaries, Hudson Institute’s Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal, directed by William Schambra, and the and photographs of Chronicle of Philanthropy hosted Ray Madoff, a professor at Boston College Law School; Leslie Lenkowsky, former Hudson Institute Hudson Institute President and professor at Indiana Univer- events can be found sity; Pablo Eisenberg; a professor at Georgetown Univer- sity; and Hudson Institute Dis tinguished Fellow Judge at www.hudson.org Robert Bork to discuss the fundamental questions Helms-

8 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 Susan Wachter, Andrew Jakabovics, John Weicher, Mark Calabria, and Maury Seldin

Diane Furchtgott-Roth, Ryan Ellis, and Brian Johnson ley’s bequest raises about donor intent, social justice, and Associ ation; Conrad Egan, President and CEO of the the public interest. Stacy Palmer, Editor of the Chronicle Cen ter for Housing Policy; Brent Ambrose, a professor of Philanthropy, moderated. at Pennsyl vania State, Andrew Jakabovics of the Center for Ameri can Progress; and Mark Calabria of the Senate THE STRONGEST TRIBE: WAR, Finance Committee. POLITICS, AND THE ENDGAME IN IRAQ FOOD FOR THE 21st CENTURY: CHALLENGING THE In Iraq, America made mistake after mistake. Then the CONVENTIONAL WISDOM war took a sharp U-turn. Two generals—David Petraeus and Raymond Odierno—displayed the leadership Ameri - As the World Bank recently warned, we face food short- ca expected. Bing West discussed his new book, The ages by mid-century. Dennis Avery, Director of the Cen- Strongest Tribe: War, Politics, and the Endgame in Iraq, ter for Global Food Issues, argues that by 2050, the world which takes the reader from the White House to the fight- will need to double its food production to meet the de- ing in the streets of Iraq, explaining the remarkable turn- mands of an expected population boom. This innovative around by U.S. forces. As a correspondent for the Atlantic forum examined the costly impact of diverting crops to Monthly, West has covered the war for five years, and was ethanol production and also climate change. embedded with more than 60 frontline units. Com men t- In addition to Avery, presentations were give by Indur ary was provided by John Nagl, Senior Fellow with the Goklany, of the Department of the Interior; Pat Michaels, Center for New American Security. a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute; Alex Avery, Director of Research at Hudson’s Center for Global Food Issues; THE SUBPRIME MORTGAGE CRISIS: Judith Capper of Cornell University; and Danielle Nier- WHAT’S NEXT? enberg, an animal agriculture specialist at the Humane Society. John Weicher, Director of Hudson’s Center for Housing and Financial Markets, held this conference to discuss AUGUST policy implications following the subprime mortgage crisis. Discussants included Maury Seldin of the Homer SOUTH SUDAN’S EFFORTS TO Hoyt Institute; Susan Wachter of the Wharton School’s DEVELOP HUMAN RESOURCES AFTER Insti tute for Urban Research; Jack Guttentag, a colum- 21 YEARS OF RELIGIOUS CONFLICT nist and professor emeritus at the Wharton School; Robert Edelstein, a professor at University of California, Hudson Institute’s Center for Religious Freedom held a Berkeley; David Crowe of the National Homebuilders conference with Jack Ngalamu of the College of Edu-

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 9 Amy Kauffman William Schambra, Ben Wattenberg, and Nick Schulz

cation of the University of Juba (Khartoum) to discuss res- answer these questions, Hudson Institute’s Center for olutions for religious freedom in Sudan, where over two Latin American Studies, directed by Jaime Daremblum, million people from the largely Christian and African tra- hosted a presentation from Evan Ellis, an associate with ditionalists population of South Sudan were killed and five Booz Allen Hamilton. Hudson Institute Senior Fellows million more were displaced. Ngalamu was introduced by Charles Horner and Rod Hunter provided commentary. Jimmy Mulla, Director of the Southern Sudanese Voice for Freedom. Nina Shea, Director of the Center for FIGHTING WORDS: Religious Freedom, moderated. A TALE OF HOW LIBERALS CREATED NEO-CONSERVATISM JULY When Ben Wattenberg was starting his career among AFTER BUSH: THE CASE FOR respected Democratic operatives in the Johnson White CONTINUITY IN FOREIGN POLICY House, a chasm—partly inspired by the Vietnam War— formed. Somewhere along the way the liberal Wattenberg Authors Timothy Lynch and Robert Singh, both of the morphed into the neo-conservative Wattenberg of today. University of London, presented their new book After Hudson Institute hosted Wattenberg to discuss his ide- Bush: The Case for Continuity in Foreign Policy. The ological journey, which he has chronicled in his new book authors argue that, rather than repudiate the actions of the Fighting Words: A Tale of How Liberals Created Neo- past eight years, the next president should continue cur- Conservatism (Thomas Dunne). William Schambra, a rent foreign policy. They also predict that President Bush’s former colleague of Wattenberg and now Director of successors will take on the war against radical Islamist ter- Hud son’s Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic ror with similar focus. Hudson CEO Kenneth Weinstein Renewal, introduced and moderated the discussion. Nick moderated, and Lawrence Kaplan, Editor of World Schulz, Editor-in-Chief of The American magazine, pro- Affairs, provided commentary. vided commentary.

CHINA AND LATIN AMERICA: UNIONS’ VS. PRIVATE SECTOR AN UPDATE PENSIONS: HOW SECURE ARE UNION MEMBERS’ RETIREMENTS? Little has been said recently about China’s growing influence in Latin America, both through economic ties and During a time when unions are intensifying efforts to growing ideological ties with anti-American regimes such organize American workers, there is a widespread pattern as Venezuela. What are the economic, political, and in - of relatively poor performance among collectively bar- ternational implications of these increasing ties? To gained pension plans. These plans perform poorly relative

10 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 Evan Ellis, Jaime Darenblum, S. Enders Wimbush Charles Horner, and Rod Hunter to plans sponsored unilaterally by employers for non union GEORGIA’S DEFROSTING CONFLICT employees. Some pension plans for union officers are bet- ter funded than the plans for rank-and-file union mem- Presciently discussing Georgia’s initiatives and develop- bers. This disparity raises the question: Do collective bar- ments on the “frozen” conflicts in Abkhazia and South gaining contracts lack provisions for the funding necessary Ossetia, Hudson Institute’s Center for Eurasian Policy, to generate the generous retirement income that unions directed by Zeyno Baran, hosted State Minister for Rein- advertise? tegration Temuri Yakobashvili, chief negotiator and for- At this event, Diana Furchtgott-Roth, Director of Hud- mer member of the managing board of the Foreign Rela - son’s Center for Employment Policy, presented her new tions Council and the Atlantic Council of Georgia. paper, Unions’ VS. Private Pension Plans. Ryan Ellis of the American Shareholders Association, Jon Entine of the JUNE American Enterprise Institute, and Brian Johnson of the Alliance for Worker Freedom provided commentary. Hud- U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS: MOSTLY son CEO Kenneth Weinstein gave the introduction. PARTNERS, SOMETIMES RIVALS

U.S.-INDIA CIVIL NUCLEAR Charles Wolf Jr. of the Pardee RAND Graduate School COOPERATION AGREEMENT gave a presentation arguing that U.S.-China relations should be assessed with a balance sheet providing both The proposed U.S.-Indian civil nuclear cooperation accord positive and negative entries—respectively representing represents a transformation in American nuclear nonpro- convergent and divergent interests, assets, and liabilities. liferation policy. S. Enders Wimbush, Hudson Senior Vice President for The Project on National Security Reform (PNSR) host- International Programs and Policy, and Hudson Senior ed a Roundtable on Interagency Reform discussing the Fellow Charles Horner provided commentary. case study, “U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agree - ment,” authored by Patrick Mendis of the Osgood Cen - IS THE GLOBAL FOOD PRICE CRISIS ter for International Studies and the Johns Hopkins For - A THREAT TO EMERGING eign Policy Institute at the Paul H. Nitze School of Ad- DEMOCRACIES? vanced International Studies and Leah Green, a graduate student at Norwich University’s Masters of Arts in Dip - Soaring food prices, which have significantly outpaced lomacy program. By examining the policy shift and the increases in income in the developing world, have sparked security implications of the proposal, this case study illus- major riots throughout the world. Will the expansion of trates the challenges of adjusting long-standing policy the crisis outpace the ability of governments and markets guidelines to conform with new strategic frameworks. to respond effectively? Hudson Institute hosted a discus-

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 11 Dennis Avery John Fonte

sion with Hudson Senior Fellow Andrew Natsios, for- of the National Security Council; Lana Ekimoff, Director mer U.S. Special Envoy to Sudan and Administrator of the of Russian and Eurasian Affairs at the Department of U.S. Agency for International Development; Robert Energy; and Daniel Stein, a Regional Director at the Paarlberg, a professor at Wellesley College; and Rod Trade and Development Agency. Hunter, Hudson Institute Senior Fellow. Amy Kauffman, Director of Hudson’s Pew Briefing Series, moderated. THE 2008 BRADLEY SYMPOSIUM: ENCOUNTER BOOKS AT 10: THE THE KYIV ENERGY SUMMIT: POWER OF IDEAS PROSPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S., THE EU, AND EURASIA Hudson Institute’s Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal, directed by William Schambra, held its In May, the presidents of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, fourth annual Bradley Symposium, co-sponsored by Poland, and the three Baltic States, together with officials Encounter Books, on the themes of the power of ideas, from Washington, Brussels, and key Eurasian capitals, met publishing, and preserving liberty and democracy. The in Kyiv and agreed on the Transit Space Concept (TSC). panel featured seven prominent Encounter authors: Roger While this summit represented a significant step forward to Kimball, Editor of the New Criterion; Hudson Distin- cooperation among a set of diverse countries with poten- guished Fellow Judge Robert Bork; book author Andrew tially diverging interests, perhaps even more significant is McCarthy; Hudson Senior Fellow John O’Sullivan; the role of Russia, the absent elephant in the room. John Fonte, Director of Hudson’s Center for American Oleh Shamshur, current Ukrainian Ambassador to Common Culture; James Piereson, a Senior Fellow at the the United States, gave a presentation on the summit and Manhattan Institute; and Victor Davis Hanson, a Senior on Eurasian energy. Also speaking were Adam Sterling, Fellow at the Hoover Institution. Kimball moderated.

Subscribe to HUDSON HEADLINES, a weekly electronic bulletin of Hudson publications, events, and commentary. Send request via email to: [email protected].

12 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 HUDSON INSTITUTE’S NEW YORK BRIEFING COUNCIL

The fall 2008 edition of Hudson Institute’s New York Briefing Council, hosted by Hudson President Herbert London, has begun. Speakers include:

September 24 DICK MORRIS “Play by Play” September 25 GEERT WILDERS “Islam in Europe” October 2 GORDON CHANG “Collapse of China” October 6 FRANK LUNTZ “Language & Politics” October 14 MICHAEL SHEEHAN “Crush the Cell” October 16 CHARLES GASPARINO “Inside the Street” October 21 ROBERT ZUBRIN/JOSEPH RAGO “Undoing OPEC” October 28 JOHN FUND “How Voters Think” November 5 WALID PHARES “Confronting Jihad” November 10 IRSHAD MANJI “Fundamentalism” November 12 ZAINAB AL-SUWAIJ “Islam on Campus” December 2 ANDREW MCCARTHY “Spy Games” December 9 LAWRENCE KUDLOW “Money Politics” December 10 DAVID BROOKS “The Happiness Gap” TBA LLOYD BLANKFEIN “Beating the Street” TBA TIMOTHY GEITHNER “Economic Outlook” TBA SANFORD I. WEILL “Competition” (subject to change)

This is a subscription-only series. For more information, please contact Vijay Kumar at 212-476-8064 or email [email protected]

Hudson President Herbert London’s newest book America’s Secular Challenge has been widely reviewed, including in the Weekly Standard and the Washington Times. London also has appeared on the BBC, NPR, the Michael Reagan Show, and many other outlets to discuss the book. Please visit www.hudson.org/bookstore to purchase a copy.

At left, Hudson President Herbert London welcomes Carl Bernstein to the speaker series.

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 13 ■ 2008 Update: Saudi Christian Crusades never ended, Arabia’s Curriculum of and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion Intolerance are historical fact. They teach that it By Nina Shea, is permissible for a Muslim to kill an with a forward by “apostate,” an “adulterer,” those R. James Woolsey practicing “major polytheism,” and Published by Hudson homosexuals. Institute and prepared in Of the report’s significance Anne consultation with the Applebaum wrote in the Washington Institute for Gulf Affairs Post, “Saudi schoolbooks are a special case. They are written and pro- This report shows that the same violent duced by the Saudi government and and intolerant teachings against other are distributed, free, to Saudi-spon- religious believers described in the Cen- sored Muslim schools as far afield as ter for Religious Freedom’s 2006 study Lagos and Buenos Aires.” remain in textbooks currently posted on the website of the Saudi Ministry of Secularism, Education. The Center released the ■ America’s Secular 2008 report to coincide with the Sep- Challenge: The Rise of a Energy, tember deadline for the removal of New National Religion Union intolerant teachings the Saudis com- By Herbert London mitted to after extensive bilateral nego- (Encounter) Pensions, tiations with the U.S. The textbooks assert that unbeliev- In this timely and wide-ranging book, and more ers, such as Christians, Jews, and Mus - Hudson President Herbert London lims who do not share Wahhabi beliefs argues that the pervasive culture of and practices, are hated “enemies.” secularism in the United States is in- Global jihad as an “effort to wage war adequate to the challenge of radical against the unbelievers” is also pro- Islam. As London explains, in the so- moted, including for the purpose of called war of ideas, our reflexive “calling [infidels] to the faith.” Les- belief in relativism has handicapped sons maintain that Jews conspire to our ability to thwart the inroads of “gain sole control over the world,” the fanaticism.

14 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 Taken together, traditional religion, neither nuclear nor alternative fuels together ex plore a “New Covenant” multiculturalism, cultural relativ ism, can be developed quickly enough— on transportation—between the feder- materialism, and the belief in scientif- even if politics and environmental con- al government, state and local govern- ic rationality as the ultimate arbi ter of cerns were not an issue. Coal is our ments, and private enterprise—that human value underwrite a view of life best non-oil source of energy in the will make money for investors and that is ill-equipped to meet the chal- near term, and technological advances serve the public interest. Without a lenge of a zealous enemy with totali- have made this abundant energy new arrangement of this kind, the tarian ambitions. In undermining the source even more promising. book warns, America’s continued suc- traditional roots of America, secular Stelzer argues in favor of a market- cess in the global economy is at risk. humanism has destroyed the West’s based approach to energy policy that only beliefs worth defending. Of the incorporates measures to include in book, the Washington Times wrote, the price the cost of such “externali- ■ Overcoming Barriers “Reading London’s forcefully argued ties” as the effects of pollution and the to Entrepreneurship in and gracefully written book makes need to defend our oil-supply sources. the United States one understand why religious belief Edited by matters.” Diana Furchtgott-Roth ■ Judges of the Secret (Rowman & Littlefield) Court: A Contemporary ■ Energy Policy: Novel About Two Rogues Diana Furchtgott-Roth, Director of Abandon Hope All Ye With Compelling Ideas Hudson’s Center for Employment Who Enter Here By Joseph M. Giglio Poli cy, has compiled a volume of six By Irwin Stelzer (Hudson Institute) essays about the real and perceived (Hudson Institute) barriers to starting and running small In Judges of the Secret Court, Joseph businesses in America. In this monograph, economist Irwin M. Giglio’s third transportation book The contributors explain how pol- Stelzer, Director of Hudson’s Eco n- in three years, Giglio uses the tech- icy can hinder business owners and omic Policy Studies, demonstrates that niques of fiction to dramatize not suggest which policies can help them. for the foreseeable future, the United merely how to repair America’s trans- Beginning with an essay on venture States will be dependent for transpor- portation system, but how to trans- capital access in Silicon Valley during tation purposes on imported oil from form it into an engine for economic the Internet bub ble, other essays ques- unfriendly nations—whether or not growth. The book recounts the con- tion the link between personal wealth we decide to drill at home. For both versations of a disgraced journalist and and entrepreneurship, investigate how transportation and other energy needs, an imprisoned investment banker who federal tax rates affect small-business

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 15 creation and destruction, explain the ment, she shows that pension plans low rate of self-employment among for union officers have more than suf- Mexican immigrants, and suggest ficient funding, suggesting union offi- HUDSON ON how pension coverage can be in- cers can properly manage plans if they creased in small businesses. choose to do so. Her report points to A review in the New York Post mismanagement, unsustainable prom- noted, “The collection of essays in ises of unions, and the inherent flaws You “Overcoming Barriers to Entrepren- of defined benefit pension plans as the eurship” break new ground on the main reasons for the poorly-funded Have you visited causal factors that matter for the cre- state of rank-and-file plans. ation and development of small busi- Hudson’s YouTube nesses, including the absence of lan- channel yet? guage or cultural barriers, access to ■ The Mind of Jihad external funding and low taxes.” By Laurent Murawiec From top, Diana Furchtgott-Roth, S. Enders Wimbush with John (Cambridge University Weicher, and Richard Weitz Press) ■ Unions’ Vs. Private Pension Plans: How The Mind of Jihad breaks new ground Secure Are Union in investigating and understanding Members’ Retirement? modern jihad. Hudson Senior Fellow By Diana Furchtgott-Roth Laurent Murawiec examines the simi- (Hudson Institute) larities between Europe’s endless medieval apocalyptic and millenarian This report examines pension plans, insurrections and modern Mahdism which are the primary source of retire- in the world of Islam. He reveals that ment income for American workers. the ideological nature of Mahdism is a Hudson Senior Fellow Diana Furcht- novel mix of Gnosticism and totalitar- gott- Roth presents evidence that ian doctrines on a tribal backdrop. union-run pension plans for rank- This work is a compilation and up- and-file members lack the funding date of two books that he published necessary to provide promised bene- with Hudson Institute, The Mind of fits. Using administrative data filed by Jihad (2005) and Pandora’s Boxes: companies with the Labor Depart- The Mind of Jihad Vol. 2 (2007).

www.youtube.com/hudsoninstitute

16 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 about what it has to be deterred from doing would change if its nuclear facto- ries were destroyed. But it is not likely that they will lose control of themselves Commentary from anger or humiliation.

Moscow Times, September 1

ANDREI PIONTKOVSKY For full-length copies of each of the follow- ment Opportunity Commission to define “GEORGIA SPLITS THE KREMLIN” ing excerpts, as well as archives of each male-and female-dominated occupations scholar’s body of work, please visit individ- and review wage reports of firms with To justify their authoritarian rule and ual scholars’ pages at www.hudson.org. more than 25 employees, including infor- camouflage their massive theft of the mation about the sex, race, and national country’s resources, the global klepto- Boston Globe, September 4 origin of employees, for each wage rate in crats have already convinced ordinary each job classification. As any employer Russians that they are surrounded by ANDREW NATSIOS knows, the paperwork required would ruthless enemies who are trying to dis- “BUSH’S ENDURING LEGACY IN be a ruinous burden. Employers are sup- member and destroy Russia. Now it is AFRICA” posed to be indifferent to race and becoming increasingly difficult for them national origin anyway, and may be pro- to explain why their wives and children Bush’s enduring legacy in Africa rests on hibited from inquiring into those matters. are buying palaces in the capitals of humanitarian and economic, not politi- The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act would countries that are supposedly Russia’s cal, foundations. More than anything create an extraordinary new set of rights sworn enemies. By contrast, the nation- else it has been the revolution in the U.S. for plaintiffs in employment disputes. For al kleptocrats’ position is more consis- government’s development assistance the first time, employers would typically tent. They are not constrained by huge that is responsible for Bush’s popularity. face no time limits on when suits may be assets in the hated West. It would not be The Bush administration doubled for- filed, a legal status generally reserved for difficult for them to convince ordinary eign aid worldwide over the past eight crimes such as murder. Russians, who have already been years, the largest increase since the Tru- primed by today’s xenophobic propa- man administration, and used it to en- Hudson Institute, September 3 ganda, that Tbilisi, Sevastopol, Astana, courage poor countries to undertake and Tallinn belong to Russia and should political and economic reform. Total MAX SINGER be taken by force. U.S. government development aid to “DETERRENCE AGAINST IRANIAN Africa alone has quadrupled from $1.3 RETALIATION” Wall Street Journal, August 26 billion in 2001 to more than $5 billion in 2008, and is scheduled to go to $8.7 Should we assume that Iran refrains ZEYNO BARAN billion in 2010, principally for educa- from attacks against Israel and the U.S. “A BEAR ENERGY MARKET” tion, healthcare, building civil society, only because it believes such attacks are and protecting fragile environments. illegal or immoral? Or is it possible that Despite Russia’s repeated use of energy Iran decides how much it should use as a political weapon in Eastern Europe, New York Sun, September 3 terror and other measures against Israel Western Europeans keep repeating the and the U.S. at least partly by concern mantra that Russia has been a reliable DIANA FURCHTGOTT-ROTH about what would happen to it if it supplier to “Europe.” They also choose “OBAMA AND INEQUALITY” dared such attacks? And wouldn’t such to ignore that natural-gas giant Gaz- concern continue—or even increase— prom serves as the Kremlin’s leading This variant of “comparable worth” leg- after Iran suffered an attack? There are foreign-policy arm. The company is pri- islation would require the Equal Employ- several reasons why Iran’s calculation marily state-owned, and many members

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 17 of Gazprom’s leadership are current or gian soldiers far from the combat zone, Many verdicts are unjustified, and few former government officials. The Rus- and towed away military vehicles that truly injured patients find a lawyer to sian plan is rather simple: punish coun- belong to the U.S. Army. All the while take their case. Still, the coming wave of tries that refuse to come under its influ- they have threatened Tbilisi, the Geor- lawsuits, as well as financial incentives ence by building new gas pipelines that gian capital, off and on at their whim. from Medicare and insurers, will fight bypass them, while rewarding countries We are watching a happy cat playing complacency about hospital hygiene. and political leaders that cooperate with with a disemboweled mouse. Russia with lucrative energy deals. Globe and Mail (Canada), August 13 City Journal, August 14 Weekly Standard, August 25 JOHN O’SULLIVAN HERBERT LONDON “IS RUSSIA MORPHING INTO KENNETH WEINSTEIN “HOW TO ACCOUNT FOR THE ANOTHER USSR?” “EUROPEAN DISUNION” UNITED NATIONS?” In recent years, the Russian state has been Like the Balkan wars of the 1990s, the Is the UN really such a valuable asset to credibly accused of murdering an exile in Russian invasion of Georgia reveals New York City? On the cost side are un- London; expropriating foreign investments Europe’s weakness and disunity in crisis. paid taxes owed by foreign governments, on behalf of an energy company con- In fact, many of the debates that have which, the New York Times and the trolled by itself; cutting off energy supplies separated the Bush administration from Wash ington Post have estimated, are to states as a means of political intimida- various European governments have more than $236 million per year. The tion; assisting secessionist rebels in neigh- also divided European governments City’s Traffic Congestion Mitigation boring states in order to keep their newly from each other, with disagreements on Com mission estimates that additional independent governments off balance; a range of issues like Iran, terrorism, traffic congestion during UN Week and and invading and bombing the sovereign Russia, and the Mediterranean Union. other UN events costs the city an annual state of Georgia. The underlying tension between French $825 million. There are also the minor, but Sometimes, these actions have worn a president Nicolas Sarkozy and German irritating, expenses of $18 million in un- thin disguise of tax law enforcement or chancellor Angela Merkel throws the paid parking tickets, $7 million in overtime “peacekeeping.” “Democracy” has been a growing schism into sharp relief. for the police department, and $5 million similar camouflage for an authoritarian sys - in overtime for the fire department. tem in which power and wealth increas - Weekly Standard Online, August 23 ingly gather in the hands of Prime Min ister Wall Street Journal, August 14 Vladimir Putin and other siloviki (or for- CHARLES FAIRBANKS mer intelligence bureaucrats). But although “ON THE BRINK” BETSY MCCAUGHEY the siloviki know how to seize property, “HOSPITAL INFECTIONS: they have no idea how to create wealth. The world has distantly observed Rus- PREVENTABLE AND They generally mismanage what they seize - sian forces simply ignore the withdrawal UNACCEPTABLE” —and so eventually need to seize more. agreement their president signed, roam- ing here and there deep within Georgia, A recent survey from the patient-safety Daily Telegraph, August 6 far from the war zone, occupying organization Leapfrog found that 87 “bases” like Khashuri where the Geor- percent of hospitals fail to consistently IRWIN STELZER gian army is allowed to be stationed practice infection prevention measures. “OLD KING COAL MAY BE OUR under the unequal truce agreement. Insurance companies that sell liability SAVIOR YET” After the nominal ceasefire, the Russian coverage to hospitals could change that invaders have blown up Georgia’s main by offering lower premiums to hospitals Nuclear energy’s need for subsidies is not east-west transportation artery, “inci- that rigorously follow infection-preven- unique. Wind and solar, currently receiv- dentally” crippling the eco n omy, occu- tion protocols. To be sure, lawsuits are ing large inflows of investment capital, pied Georgia’s main port, arrested Geor- not the best way to improve patient care. also remain heavily dependent on subsi-

18 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 dies. As does ethanol, part of the program Guatemala and throughout the region. Wall Street Journal, July 8 that has contributed to soaring food prices As Reuters reported, Martinez had been by giving farmers an incentive to transfer “investigating the murder of three acreage to growing fuel. Which leaves Salvadoran deputies to the Central ROD HUNTER only natural gas, an efficient fuel, but one American parliament.” The Salvadoran “THE MARKET IS RESPONDING on which Western Europe is overly depen- politicians, members of the ruling cen- TO THE OIL SHOCK” dent—to Vladimir Putin's delight—and ter-right ARENA party, were assassinat- coal. The world has limitless supplies of ed 17 months ago in Guatemala…. The Recent cost comparisons by Deutsche coal, most located in nations friendly to Martinez murder offers a grisly re- Bank’s auto analysts suggest electric cars the West. But coal is an abomination in the minder of Latin America’s crime prob- will be cheaper to operate than conven- eyes of environmentalists because of its lem, which is especially bad in Central tional vehicles…. Batteries will be expen- alleged contribution to global warming. American countries like Guatemala, El sive, at least in early years, but electric Nevertheless, it will be a key ingredient in Salvador, and Honduras. That problem cars won’t need costly engines or com- the world's energy future. must be addressed if the region is to ful- plex transmissions like today’s autos…. fill its economic potential. Nonetheless, incremental effects on oil Moscow Times, July 23 demand could be powerful. Developed Sydney Morning Herald, July 22 countries would grow less dependent on RICHARD WEITZ oil producers, and transportation-relat- “RELAUNCHING THE MISSILE ANNE BAYEFSKY ed greenhouse gas emissions could ease. DEBATE” “AUSTRALIA MUST BOYCOTT As costs fall, electric vehicles could be UN CONFERENCE” adopted in developing countries, ampli- The debate between the United States fying energy security and climate bene- and Russia over U.S. plans to deploy a The United Nations is planning a glob- fits. The transition would reduce the ballistic missile-defense system in Eur - al anti-racism conference that is des- world’s dependence on regimes run by ope is heating up again. Persistent differ- tined to encourage racism. Known as thugs and theocrats. ences with Poland over its conditions for Durban II, it follows the notorious con- accepting defensive interceptor missiles ference held in Durban seven years ago. International Herald Tribune, July 6 have led U.S. officials to hint that they Canada has already decided not to might even consider Lithuania as an attend. The United States and Israel are CAROL ADELMAN alternative deployment site. This shift planning to boycott too. Australia is, “THE BOOM IN PRIVATE GIVING” appears aimed at pressuring Poland into therefore, faced with an important chal- showing greater flexibility in the negoti- lenge and opportunity. By refusing to The big story of the cyclone that rav- ations, but the idea of Washington estab- participate, Australia can help deny aged Myanmar’s delta region and the lishing military bases in a country that legitimacy to a global platform for in- earthquake that devastated China’s Si- was once part of the Soviet Union has tolerance and deal the voices of hate a chuan Province is not only how the raised the Kremlin’s ire. blow. The UN, in its early years, was the Chinese government outperformed the world’s best hope for securing peace Burmese military junta in responding to Weekly Standard Online, July 23 and security and promoting human natural disaster. It is also how private rights. However, over time its Human citizens, companies, charities, and reli- JAIME DAREMBLUM Rights Commission fell into disrepute. gious organizations from many coun- “CRIME AND IMPOVERISHMENT” The group of countries that will be tries have emerged as a frontline force in preparing the first draft of the outcome helping victims of such tragedies, even On July 14, Guatemalan state prosecu- from Durban II has just been an- within government-dominated states… . tor Juan Carlos Martinez was murdered nounced. It includes such regimes as While government aid is particularly in a suburb of Guatemala City. Sus- Azerbaijan, China, Egypt, Iran, and useful in large-scale disasters like earth- picion immediately fell on the narcotics Pak i stan…. The U.S. and Israel walked quakes or the Asian tsunami, it has gangs that continue to fuel violence in out of Durban I. become a minority shareholder in over-

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 19 all financial flows to the developing technology. Canada appears to be gam- twist. Usually they profess a desire for an world. In the 1950s and 1960s, the bling that it can protect MDA without “Islamic democracy,” by which they majority of the West’s economic engage- scaring off U.S. investors and jeopardiz- mean a system where voters and legisla- ment with developing countries was ing inflows of foreign direct investment tures will shape the Islamic state and through public aid and other govern- into its defense technology sector. But courts will practice “Islamic judicial re- mental financial activity. Today, private there are other factors hindering U.S.- view” to ensure conformity with shari’a. financial aid flows from all donor Canadian technology transfers. nations—philanthropy, investment, and Weekly Standard, May 26 remittances. Korea Times, June 4 NINA SHEA National Review, June 30 JEREMIAH NORRIS “A MEDAL FOR BRASS” “U.N.’S RUSSIAN ROULETTE FOR JOHN FONTE POOR PATIENTS” The Saudi monarchy has begun using “THE NEXT WARS” the model of the magisterium of the Ministers at the World Health Assembly Roman Catholic Church to position it- Robert Kagan has written a liberal-hawk in Geneva last month celebrated unpre - self as the authoritative voice of Islam manifesto in the hard Wilsonian tradi- cedented amounts of money for fighting worldwide. This is new. In the history of tion—“the Enlightenment in arms.” diseases in Africa. The U.S. Con gress Sunni Islam, theological authority has This is a respectable pedigree that is often has just committed $50 billion over the been located in various centers, but allied to conservatism, but it is not con- next five years to combating HIV/AIDS, never in the House of Saud. In 2006, the servative. A conservative foreign-policy TB, and malaria, while the Global Fund Saudi ambassador to the United States, vision would (as Reagan did) temper for these diseases will probably add $25 in a letter to the U.S. Commission on Wilsonianism with a Jacksonian empha- billion. This was a lot of money and a International Religious Freedom, quot- sis on American sovereignty, a Hamilton- lot of talking. But what was not dis- ed the king as referring to his govern- ian concern for our concrete national cussed is the fact that many of the drugs ment as the “Vatican of Islam.” The interests, and a moral stance more in that will be bought with this money will implication is that Saudi Arabia is not keeping with America’s unique religiosi- end up doing AIDS, TB, and malaria only hallowed ground as host of the two ty, rather than accommodate the militant patients more harm than good. Part of holiest Muslim sites, but also the arbiter and utopian secularism of European and the problem in poor countries is the of Islamic orthodoxy. transnational progressive elites. alarming amount of fake drugs sold. In 2007 the World Health Organization Hawaii Reporter, May 21 The American Online, June 17 reported that 30 percent of all medicines sold in Africa were counterfeit, killing DENNIS AVERY CHRISTOPHER SANDS thousands. “SAVING ARCTIC PLANT SPECIES “NORTHERN EXPOSURE” FROM CLIMATE CHANGE” Commentary, June 2008 Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Har- The Norwegian government is building per heads a Conservative Party govern- PAUL MARSHALL its high-tech new Global Seed Vault on ment that is considered pro-business “THE FALL AND RISE OF THE the Arctic island of Svalbard to protect and friendly to the United States, at least ISLAMIC STATE” the world’s plant varieties in case of glob- by Canadian standards. Yet Harper sup- al climate change. Meanwhile, outside ported his industry minister in rejecting In today’s Muslim world, secular tyranny the Svalbard vault, the island’s own hardy Alliant’s bid for the space division of faces major opposition from Islamist Arctic plants are demonstrating that MDA—Canada’s largest space technol- movements, notably the Muslim Brother - Mother Nature knows how to keep her ogy firm—citing Canada’s national hood and its offshoots. For these move- species alive through natural adaptation security interest in maintaining a domes- ments, too, the restoration of shari’a is to the earth’s naturally radical climate tic Canadian capacity in space imaging a central tenet, though with a modern cycling.

20 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 During the last ice age, even the polar 60, Israel is threatened by a crisis of Even in the U.S., former and current bears were driven south, and the island legitimacy spreading beyond its tradi- American officials are seduced into probably had no surviving plants at all. tional enemies, to the West. In Europe, moral equivalence between this unques- But when the ice age ended about 12,000 Israel is disproportionately criticized on tionably free and democratic country years ago, global temperatures swiftly issues from human rights to basic self- and those—all of whom to various rose more than 15 degrees C—and 40 defense. The Palestinian issue has be- degrees reject and seek to undermine percent of Svalbard became ice-free. come a means through which Israel’s basic Western values—who cannot rec- Almost immediately, says a research existence is questioned and even anti- oncile themselves to Israel’s existence…. team, such Arctic plants as mountain Semitism tolerated. While former or Israel is the only regional example of a avens and white arctic bell heather colo- current Palestinian terrorists travel free - newly created thriving and democratic nized the newly available territory. ly, Israeli officials worry about arrest as Western nation, which is why it is be- war criminals upon entering various sieged by its autocratic or totalitarian Chronicle of Philanthropy, May 15 Euro pean capitals. neighbors who have little to show for But the problem transcends Europe. their half-century plus of independence. WILLIAM SCHAMBRA “PHILANTHROPY’S JEREMIAH WRIGHT PROBLEM” Just as Senator Obama seized the Jeremi- HUDSON ah Wright controversy as an opportunity to explain his broader view of race in INSTITUTE America, so this might be the moment for some of our largest foundations to explain what they intend by giving money LEADERSHIP AND COMMUNICATIONS to organizations that advance the struc- Kenneth R. Weinstein Herbert I. London tural-racism critique of America. Chief Executive Officer President Is it true that American institutions S. Enders Wimbush are so fundamentally racist and oppres- Senior Vice President, International Programs and Policy sive that good-faith efforts to increase Deborah L. Hoopes Grace Paine Terzian inclusiveness and diversity, or to relieve Vice President and Vice President, distress through nonracially specific Chief Financial Officer Communications programs, are simply futile? How wise Amanda Sokolski Rachel DiCarlo Currie is it to try to “reshape U.S. society ac- Director of Development Managing Editor cording to a philosophy and framework Katherine Smyth Mitzi H. Pepall of rights that most people have not Corp. Sec. and Program Manager Art Direction and Design heard of,” much less consented to as Philip Ross Ioannis Saratsis self-governing citizens? Audio Visual Specialist and Research Associate and Events Coordinator Communications Coordinator

National Review Online, May 15 Interns Emily Simmons and Anne Lohman provided assistance with this newsletter.

Israelis can take pride in their survival Hudson Institute is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization dedicated to in no vative research and analysis that promotes global security, prosperity, and freedom. and accomplishment. But Israel at 60 still faces a constant need to defend its www.hudson.org existence—physically and morally. At

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 21 RUSSIAN TROOPS CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 reach, appearing on num erous internation- HUDSON INSTITUTE BOARD OF TRUSTEES al media outlets, including CBC-TV and CTV (Canada), RFE/RL, Al-Hurra, Sky- Allan R. Tessler, Chairman of the Board Chairman, International Financial Group, Inc., Wilson, WY Turk TV, CNN Turk, VOA, Swedish TV, Today AZ (Azerbaijan), and Good Morn- Walter P. Stern, Chairman Emeritus Vice Chairman, Capital International, Inc., New York, NY ing Television (UK-ITV).

Linden S. Blue, Ebrahim Moussazadeh, Vice Chairman, General Atomics, Matrix Creations, San Diego, CA New York, NY

Rudy Boschwitz, Neil H. Offen, Chairman, Home Valu Interiors, President, Direct Selling Association, Minneapolis, MN Washington, DC

Gerald Dorros, MD, Yoji Ohashi, William Dorros-Isadore Feuer Chairman, All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., Interventional Cardiovascular Disease Tokyo, Japan Zeyno Baran Foundation, Buckeye, AZ Carolyn S. Parlato, Baran was cited in numerous publi- Roy Innis, C&C Shorelands, Inc., National Chairman, Mamaroneck, NY cations such as the Wall Street Journal, The Congress of Racial Equality, the Chicago Tribune, and the Christian New York, NY E. Miles Prentice, III, Science Monitor. She also published Partner, Eaton & Van Winkle LLP, Jan Henrik Jebsen, New York, NY two op-eds on the conflict, “A Bear Gamma Applied Visions Group Ene rgy Market,” in the Wall Street Holding SA, Nyon, Switzerland Steven Price, Journal and “Beyond Trust Verify,” Senior Managing Director, Lawrence Kadish, Centerbridge, New York, NY (with Emmet Tuohy) for National Old Westbury, NY Review Online. Jack Rosen, CHARLES FAIRBANKS, a Deborah Kahn Cunningham, Rosen Partners, New York, NY New York, NY Hudson Senior Fellow and former Nina Rosenwald, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Marie-Josée Kravis, Senior Fellow, American Securities, Hudson Institute, New York, NY who spends half the year in Georgia New York, NY teaching at Ilia Chavcha vadze State William D. Siegel, University, gave an interview to the George Lichtblau, New York, NY RocketLine LLC, Ridgefield, CT New Republic and wrote an op-ed, Max Singer, “On the Brink,” published by the Herbert I. London, Senior Fellow, Weekly Standard online. President, Hudson Institute, Hudson Institute, New York, NY Washington, DC

Robert Mankin, Kenneth R. Weinstein, Independent Management Consultant, Chief Executive Officer, Financial Services, New York, NY Hudson Institute, Washington, DC Robert H. McKinney, First Indiana Corporation, Curtin Winsor, Jr., Indianapolis, IN Chairman, American Chemical Services Company, McLean, VA Stephan M. Minikes, Xenophon Strategies, John C. Wohlstetter, John O’Sullivan Washington, DC Washington, DC JOHN O’SULLIVAN, a Hud- son Senior Fellow, wrote columns on

22 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 the conflict for the New York Post, the from Georgetown and Harvard’s Ken- Ford has held senior staff positions in Daily Telegraph, Globe and Mail, and nedy School of Government. the U.S. Senate, including General National Review Online. DOUGLAS FEITH joined Hud- Counsel to the U.S. Senate Select Com- son as Senior Fellow and Director of the mittee on Intelligence, and briefly served Center for National Security Strategies. as Assistant Counsel to the Intelligence Feith served as Under secretary of Oversight Board at the White House. Defense for Policy from July 2001 until For 13 years Ford was an intelligence August 2005. In that position, he helped officer in the U.S. Navy Reserve, rising craft the U.S. government’s strategy for to the rank of Lieutenant Commander. the war on terror and contributed to pol- He provided operational intelligence icy for the Afghanistan and Iraq cam- support to various commands, conduct- paigns. Feith helped plan changes in U.S. ed maritime counterterrorist analysis, Andrei Piontkovsky defense posture, develop new U.S. undertook studies of civil maritime sup- ANDREI PIONTKOVSKY,a strategic partnerships with India and port to the Chinese navy, and provided Hudson Visiting Fellow and native of Pakistan, promote NATO enlargement, intelligence support to Navy Special Russia, gave commentary to the BBC, and reform U.S. policy toward China. Programs. Al-Jazeera, Voice of America, and Before President Bush appointed him Ford received his undergraduate RFE/RL. He published an op-ed, in July 2001, Feith was Managing Attor- degree from Harvard, his doctorate from “Mos cow’s Power Divide,” in Transi- ney of the Washington law firm Feith & Oxford, and his law degree from Yale, tions Online (Czech Republic) and an Zell. Feith also served in the Reagan and was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship. op-ed, “Georgia Splits the Kremlin,” in administration as a Middle East special- HASSAN MNEIMNEH joined the Moscow Times.The Los Angeles ist for the National Security Council and Hudson as Senior Fellow with the Cen- Times cited Piont kovsky on how Russia then as Deputy Assistant Secretary of ter for Islam, Democracy, and the Future seeks to position itself globally. Defense for Negotiations Policy. He of the Muslim World and as co-editor, DAVID SATTER, one of Hud- received the Distinguished Public Service with Hillel Fradkin and Eric Brown, of son’s leading experts on Russia, who Medal, the Defense Department’s high- Current Trends in Islamist Ideology. lives in Russia part time and has written est civilian award. Mneimneh previously served as Exec - several books on Russian history, gave Feith is a Belfer Center Visiting Scho lar utive Director of the Iraq Memory Foun- interviews to CNN, Fox News, and the at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Gov- dation and Co-Director of the Iraq BBC. ernment. He holds a J.D. from George - Research and Documentation Center, RICHARD WEITZ, Director of town and an A.B. from Harvard. where he supervised the structuring, Hudson’s Center for Political-Military CHRISTOPHER FORD joined annotation, and analysis of an archive of An al ysis, provided analysis of the geo - Hudson as Senior Fellow and Director of documents from Saddam Hussein’s political and military implications of the the Center for Technology and Global regime, as well as the production of tele- conflict. Weitz was interviewed on the Security. Ford served in the U.S. govern- vision programs aimed at empowering BBC, Public Radio International, CTV, ment as Special Representative for Nu - Iraqi citizens. He was also a political CBC, and Voice of America. clear Nonproliferation, leading dip- development expert consulted by the lomatic efforts related to the Treaty on the Baker-Hamilton Iraq Study Group. SCHOLARS CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Mneimneh has written extensively on of the Massachusetts House of Repre- Previously, Ford was Principal Dep- rad i calization and insurgency in the Mid- sentatives. Natsios spent 23 years in uty Assistant Secretary of State at the dle East and participates in initiatives the U.S. Army Reserves as a civil affairs State Department’s Bureau of Verifica- designed to assess and counter extrem- officer, retiring with the rank of Lieu- tion, Compliance, and Implementation, ism in the Muslim world. Mneimneh tenant Colonel, and is a veteran of the where he was responsible for assessing received his undergraduate degree from Gulf War. Natsios has been on the facul- other governments’ compliance with American University of Beirut and his ty of Georgetown’s Walsh School of For- arms control, nonproliferation, and dis- masters degrees from Georgetown and eign Service since 2006. He has degrees armament agreements. Harvard.

FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 23 HUDSON INSTITUTE

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