Hudson News and Review
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HUDSON INSTITUTE News & Review WWW.HUDSON.ORG FALL 2008 FOUR NEW SCHOLARS EXPAND HUDSON’S NATIONAL SECURITY AND FOREIGN POLICY WORK Hudson Institute is proud to announce the arrival of four Senior Fellows, each HUDSON with extensive experience in foreign policy and national security. “These distin- guished scholars highlight the speed and strength with which Hudson’s research SCHOLARS portfolio is growing,” Chairman Allan Tessler says. “National security studies RESPOND were a core part of Herman Kahn’s legacy, and we’re pleased to be extending our work in this vital field.” TO RUSSIAN ANDREW NATSIOS served as Administrator for U.S. Agency for Inter- AGGRESSION national Development from 2001 until 2006, where he oversaw the agency’s AGAINST reconstruction programs in Afghanis tan, Iraq, and Sudan. In 2006, President Bush appointed him Special Coor dinator for International Disaster Assistance GEORGIA and Special Humanitarian Coordinator for the Sudan. Natsios served previously at USAID, first as Director of the Office of Foreign When Russia rolled its tanks and artillery into Georgia on the eve of Disaster Assistance and then as Assistant Administrator for the Bureau for Food the 2008 Olympics—initiating the and Humanitarian Assistance. He also served as a member CONTINUED ON PAGE 23 biggest European conflict since Clockwise from upper left, Douglas Feith, Andrew Natsios, Christopher Ford, and Hassan Mneimneh World War II—Hudson scholars were quickly sought out to dis- cuss the situation. From the inter- nal political ramifications in Rus- sia, to the constantly-changing geostrategic im plic a tions of the crisis, Hudson scholars examined the crisis from every angle. ZEYNO BARAN, Director of Hudson’s Center for Eurasian Studies, presciently warned for months about the potential for Russian action in Georgia. When the conflict erupted, Baran ap - peared on C-SPAN, the BBC, and Fox News, providing up-to-the- minute analysis as the situation changed. Baran also expanded Hud son’s global CONTINUED ON PAGE 22 FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 1 CONTENTS CHAIRMAN’S Fall 2008 LETTER 1 Four New Scholars Dear Friend of Hudson Institute: Expand Hudson’s NATIONAL SECURITY Major news headlines focused this summer on several Hudson research areas: and FOREIGN high oil prices and the mortgage crisis, heightened instability in Pakistan and POLICY Work Afghanistan, the crisis in Georgia and rising tensions with Russia. Hudson Institute has been there throughout, providing a credible analytic resource for Hudson Scholars Respond practitioners in government and business who must confront these and other to RUSSIAN AGGRESSION complex policy challenges. Several of our scholars—Zeyno Baran, Charles against GEORGIA Fairbanks, David Satter, Andrei Piontkovsky, and Richard Weitz—provided expert commentary on the implications of the Russian-Georgian conflict in the 2 Chairman’s LETTER extensive press coverage that dominated the news in August. Hudson economists Irwin Stelzer and Diana Furchtgott-Roth continued their 3 Excerpts of Congressional regular newspaper and magazine columns on contemporary U.S. and global eco- TESTIMONY by Hudson nomic trends, accessible on Hudson’s website. They also published white papers SCHOLARS on energy and pension policy respectively, while Nina Shea of the Center for Religious Freedom produced a report exposing the ongoing intolerant teachings 4 HUDSON INTERNS of the Saudi Arabian public school religious curriculum. These papers are must- reads for policymakers, business leaders, and the informed citizen alike. 5 Hudson MEDIA Highlights Given the growing demand by policymakers and opinion leaders for Hudson Institute research, I am pleased to announce that we are making several signifi- 6 In Memoriam: cant additions to our team of renowned policy experts—a growing number of CLAY T. WHITEHEAD whom served recently at high levels of government. They bring depth of experi- and WILLIAM ODOM ence in policy analysis, formation, and implementation. We extend a warm wel- come to Douglas Feith, former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy; Andrew 7 Scholar in the Spotlight: Natsios, former Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Develop - JAIME DAREMBLUM ment; Christopher Ford, former U.S. Special Representative for Nuclear Non- proliferation; and Hassan Mneimneh, former director of the Iraq Memory 8 Hudson EVENTS Foundation based in Baghdad. I am very proud of Hudson’s significant growth over the past few years. I 13 New York BRIEFING hope you follow our research closely and share my pride in our quality work. COUNCIL Hudson not only helps our policymakers find their way, but also helps you ask the right questions of those who make decisions that affect you. 14 Hudson PUBLICATIONS We ask you to support Hudson in any way you can to ensure the tradition of Hudson independent research, whatever the challenges that lie ahead. 17 COMMENTARY Photos on pages 7-12 by Philip Ross ALLAN R. TESSLER Chairman 2 HUDSON INSTITUTE / FALL 2008 EXCERPTS OF CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY BY HUDSON SCHOLARS number of earners per household, in Islamist ideology. Nearly all individ- DIANA FURCHTGOTT- with the top fifth averaging 2.1 earn- uals involved in terrorism—whether as ROTH’S testimony on ers compared to the bot tom fifth’s half foot soldiers ex e cuting the attack or income inequality before an earner per house hold. Since more as upper-level strategists, financiers, or the Subcommittee on people are work ing in the higher in - recruiters—start out as non-violent Workforce Protections come households, it is hardly surpris- Is lamists. Therefore, the deciding fac- of the House Committee ing that the household as a whole is tor in determining which Muslims can on Education and Labor earning more. be allies in the so-called “long war” July 31 cannot be based on tactics—that is, whether or not a group embraces vio- ZEYNO BARAN’S lent methods. The deciding factor Economists use a variety of measures testimony on countering must be ideological: Is the group Is- to determine how equally the income violent Islamist extrem- lamist or not? “pie” is divided. These measures in- ism before the Senate Although various Islamist groups clude inequality indices and earning Committee on Home- quarrel over means (and often bear shares. Common to all these meas- con siderable animosity towards one land Security and ures, however, are certain challenges. another), they all agree on the end - Governmental Affairs All measures need a definition of in- game: a world dictated by political July 10 come, and defining income is not as Islam. straightforward as it seems. Some re- searchers will use pre-tax income, Violence is only one of the tools used while others will look at post-tax in - by extremist Islamists in the broader NINA SHEA’S come before transfer payments such “war of ideas” against Western liberal testimony before as food stamps, Medicare, or Social democracy. Winning the war against Congressional Human Security. Others use post-tax, post- terrorism is not possible un less, as the Rights Caucus Task trans fer income. What measure is 9/11 Commission Report correctly Force on International used makes a significant difference…. stat ed, the U.S. “prevail[s] in the long - Religious Freedom Not all households are the same er term over the ideology that gives June 20 size, and household size has dimin- rise to Islamist terrorism.” In order to ished over time due to later marriages, succeed, we must first come to under- fewer children, and divorce. There are stand the roots of this ideology: name- China is clearly pursuing policies 1.7 people in the average household in ly, Islamism. against religious freedom that violate the lowest fifth of households, and this This is not to say that all Islamists international human rights standards. number rises steadily to 3.1 persons in will one day become terrorists; the vast High-ranking Chinese government the top fifth of households. Differences majority will never engage in violence officials, including President Hu Jin- in household income, then, are larger and in fact are likely to abhor terrorist tao, have praised the positive role of than differences in in come per person. acts. Nevertheless, the first step on the religious communities in China and Similarly, there are differences in the path to jihadi terrorism is instruction CONTINUED ON PAGE 6 FALL 2008 / HUDSON INSTITUTE 3 HUDSON INTERNS PROVIDE AN ESSENTIAL LAYER OF SUPPORT FOR THE INSTITUTE This year, over 150 students from an array of universities in the United States and abroad, including Harvard, Yale, Prince ton, University of Chi - cago, Cornell, Swarthmore, Cam bridge, and Oxford, provided re search and administrative support to Hudson scho lars and staff. Through their internships, these students gain valuable experience and insight in public policy, communications, and administration. “I learned about so many different aspects of communications work,” noted Emily Simmons, an intern from Pennsyl vania State University, who worked with Grace Terzian, Hudson’s Vice President for Com- munications, and Rachel Currie, Hudson’s Managing Editor. This year, two Hudson interns, Jawanshir Rasikh, an Afghan Ful - bright student at James Madison Uni versity, and Mariam Sabri, a student at Mt. Holyoke College from Karachi, Pakistan, organized a sem- inar that brought together students from Pakistan and Afghanistan to dis cuss the many challenges and opportunities facing their nations, which have often had thorny relations. The panels covered such key issues as militant Islamist groups, democracy and the establishment of the rule of law, education, poverty, and the future of moderate Islam in both countries. Hudson’s internship program is run by Hudson Research Associate and Communications Coordinator Ioannis Saratsis, who began at Hud son as an intern. “Hudson’s interns are exposed to a wide variety of topics and scholars and have proved vital in helping Hudson accomplish its mission of providing innovative re search,” Saratsis says.