Hudson Institute Annual Report 2013

Hudson Institute Contents

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 WWW.HUDSON.ORG

2 7 23 Message from the Chairman, and President & CEO

6 National Security

16 Economics

22 Religious Freedom and Human Rights

27 Hudson History 16 37

Hudson Institute needs your 30 financial support to continue Hudson Outreach, its innovative research. Investing Support, in Hudson means supporting and Finances independent policy research that promotes security, prosperity, 30 28 Management, Scholars, Philanthropy and Culture and freedom. Please consider and Staff contributing to Hudson Institute 35 on our support site: 30 and Global hudson.org/about/support Board of Trustees Leadership Awards Message from the Chairman, and President & CEO

Times like these require clear thinking, thorough analysis, and unconven- tional solutions. Times like these, in short, require the kind of forward-looking policy research and outreach that have been Hudson Institute’s hallmark for more than fifty years. Sarah M. Stern, Chairman of the Board of Trustees Kenneth R. Weinstein, President & CEO

Rarely in recent history have the tilted into uncertainty in the after- tions, our experts provide policy- and its allies faced a math of an ill-conceived and poorly makers and opinion leaders with broader array of urgent challenges: designed federal reform program. guidance about the best new ideas a resurgent and belligerent Russia; Times like these require clear for the advancement of global an increasingly assertive China; thinking, thorough analysis, and security, prosperity, and freedom rising violence and instability driven unconventional solutions. Times and for the preservation of America’s by Islamist radicalism in the Middle like these, in short, require the kind central role in that effort. East and sub-Saharan Africa; the of forward-looking policy research 2013 was an especially productive threat of a nuclear-armed Iran; and and outreach that have been Hudson year at Hudson. Our experts and the reality of a nuclear-armed North Institute’s hallmark for more than policy centers did banner work. Korea. “Economic recovery” remains fifty years. Hudson’s Current Trends in Islamist anemic at best throughout much of Hudson’s organizing first prin- Ideology, the world’s leading scholarly the world—including here at home, ciple is the paramount importance journal on the subject, followed the where many have given up hope of engaged U.S. leadership and robust turbulence in the Muslim world of meaningful employment. The democratic alliances. Through a closely, publishing landmark essays American healthcare system, pre- program of scholarship, targeted on the move- viously unparalleled for quality, has briefings, conferences, and publica- ments in Egypt and Jordan, the

4 WWW.HUDSON.ORG challenge to secularism in Pakistan, Hudson established a dedicated pro- and we are proud to continue that and other crucial issues. Hudson’s gram on the future of the U.S. Navy, tradition through our relationship internationally recognized Center the Center for American Seapower, with Prime Minister Abe, who was for Religious Freedom raised early led by Senior Fellow . briefed by Hudson scholars in warnings about emerging crises And we launched a new initiative in advance of his February 2013 visit such as the Boko Haram terrorist on India, designed to deepen the to the U.S. organization’s persecution of U.S–India strategic partnership and 2013 also saw Hudson confer its Christians in Nigeria, and Center promote market-oriented economic first-ever Global Leadership Award scholars published major books, reform in India, under the guidance on Noble Energy chairman and CEO including Senior Fellow Samuel of Senior Fellow Husain Haqqani, Charles Davidson, whose company Tadros’ widely acclaimed Mother- Hudson’s director for South and has spearheaded the exploration, land Lost: The Egyptian and Coptic Central Asia programs, and Research discovery, and initial extraction of Quest for Modernity. Our Bradley Fellow Aparna Pande, director of massive, previously unknown Center for Civil Renewal and Philan- Hudson’s Initiative on the Future of natural gas reserves in the Eastern thropy marked the tenth anniversary India and South Asia. Mediterranean—a project that is of the annual Bradley Prizes with a And, as always, through research, transforming the geostrategic cal- day-long symposium on the status writing, speeches, and closed-door culus in the region to the dramatic of freedom in the United States, briefings and public conferences benefit of American allies like Israel featuring a stellar cast of panelists with key policymakers in Washington and Cyprus. Honoring Davidson that included the late Gary Becker, and foreign capitals alike, Hudson’s highlights the vital role of visionary the ’s legendary full team of experts made extensive, private-sector actors in shaping our Nobel economics laureate. Hudson’s signal contributions to national and world and underscores Hudson’s Center for Global Philanthropy, international debates about econom- commitment both to technological which studies private development ic growth, housing reform, techno- innovation as a practical tool for assistance, launched an ambitious logical innovation, trade and energy progress, and to out-of-the-box think- Index of Philanthropic Freedom policy, and ongoing and emerging ing as a general strategy for change. program to rigorously measure defense and diplomatic challenges Hudson Institute is pleased and how countries around the world on virtually every continent. grateful to have a great many friends incentivize—or discourage—the One measure of Hudson’s in- like these, of course. And to all of you kind of non-governmental giving fluence is the kind of friends the we offer our sincerest thanks—for all that is critical to a healthy and Institute has always made—and kept. you have given us in the past, and for cohesive civil society. At a gala luncheon in New York in all we hope to accomplish together in In 2013, Hudson also undertook September, Hudson was honored to the future. a series of major new initiatives. We confer its annual Herman Kahn recruited distinguished new scholars Award on Japanese Prime Minister to the Hudson family, including Shinzō Abe—the first non-American former FCC commissioner Robert to receive the prize. The Prime McDowell. One of his accomplish- Minister graciously returned the favor ments at Hudson this year was to by delivering a major, widely-noted Sarah M. Stern work with other leading experts speech in which he unveiled his plans Chairman of the Board of Trustees in government and the policy for expanding ’s contribution to community to devise the first major the U.S.-led security alliance in Asia, telecommunications reform effort and for pursuing an intensive free- since 1996. Recognizing an urgent market reform of his nation’s domes- but generally overlooked issue in tic economy. Hudson has maintained long-term American national a close partnership with key Japanese Kenneth R. Weinstein security policy and planning, officials for more than forty years, President & CEO

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 5

N ational Security

For over 50 years, Hudson Institute has analyzed defense and foreign policy Last year, widespread developments, crises, and trends. Hudson’s scholars, many of whom have previously served in senior government positions, combine strong regional geopolitical tension and knowledge with an unequaled understanding of U.S. and foreign defense conflict continued to capabilities and doctrines. ripple across the globe. Last year, widespread geopolitical tension and conflict continued to ripple across the globe, with a civil war in Syria leaving more than 100,000 dead; Pictured opposite: U.S. Air Force Tech., 1st Combat a resurgent al Qaeda; rogue regimes in Tehran and Pyongyang; and an Camera Squadron in an F-16 Fighting Falcon increasingly unstable East Asia. Given these challenges, policymakers, Below: U.S. Army Lt. Col. Gilbert Roldan, with the military officials, the media, and opinion leaders looked to Hudson scholars 184th Security Force Advise and Assist Team, for in-depth research and discussion. observes Afghan Uniform Police recruits at Multina- In media outlets including , Washington Post, Wall Street tional Base Tirin Kot, Uruzgan province, Afghanistan, Journal, Foreign Affairs, Le Monde, the Jerusalem Post, CNN, , PBS, Oct. 23, 2013, as they prepare to be transported to C-SPAN, as well as in congressional hearing rooms, Hudson scholars provided the Regional Military Training Center-Kandahar real-world analysis and policy recommendations.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 7 To increase awareness The Institute’s national security Forces, retired British Royal Naval of waning U.S. naval team includes former high-level Rear Admiral Christopher Parry, and officials like Hudson Senior Vice Admiral Jonathan Greenert, chief of strength, Seth Cropsey President Lewis Libby, who served naval operations. Cropsey also twice established the Center as chief of staff to Vice President testified before the U.S. House Com- for American Seapower. Richard Cheney; Douglas Feith, mittee on Armed Services about U.S. under secretary of defense for policy naval strategy and budget outlays. Cropsey argues that, from 2001 to 2005; Seth Cropsey, Senior Fellow Gabriel Schoenfeld unless reversed, the deputy undersecretary of the Navy offered commentary in numerous under and George media outlets, such as CNN and the steep decline in H. W. Bush; longtime senior Depart- Washington Post, on the steady pub- American naval ment of Defense officials Richard lication of NSA documents leaked power over the last Weitz and ; and Jack by Edward Snowden. Senior Fellow David, deputy assistant secretary of Abram Shulsky continued his work two decades will defense for issues related to weapons on “Net Assessment and Intelligence: have profound of mass destruction from 2004 to Understanding the Other,” a report to consequences for 2006. be released in 2014. Writing in the Senior Fellow Seth Cropsey’s Journal of International Security U.S. national security. latest book, Mayday: The Twilight of Affairs, Senior Fellow Jack David American Naval Superiority, released called attention to the benefits of in 2013, argues that, unless reversed, President Reagan’s missile defense Bottom from left: the steep decline in American naval vision for U.S. national security, Lewis Libby, Gen. Charles F. Wald, U.S. Air power over the last two decades will and, in World Affairs, Senior Fellow Force (ret.), Husain Haqqani, Hillel Fradkin, have profound consequences for U.S. Richard Weitz made the case for with Hudson Trustee national security. To increase aware- bolstering U.S. missile defenses. Margaret Whitehead ness of waning U.S. naval strength, Opposite from left: Cropsey established the Center for Seth Cropsey, RADM Christopher Parry, American Seapower, which organized Europe Royal Navy (ret.), ADM John Harvey, major public events featuring appear- U.S. Navy (ret.), and CDR Bryan McGrath, ances by Rep. Randy Forbes (R-VA), U.S. Navy (ret.) chairman of the House subcommit- In 2013, U.S.–European relations tee on Seapower and Projection remained a central focus of Hudson

8 WWW.HUDSON.ORG scholars. The aftermath of , Hudson President Cropsey also welcomed a number of Eurozone financial crisis and the and CEO Kenneth Weinstein warned distinguished guests to discuss the Obama administration’s announced that the “vitality of ‘the West’ as a economic and security implications “pivot to Asia” has heightened con- global security lodestar is fading.” surrounding the discovery of massive cern that traditional ties between Hudson was honored to host a amounts of hydrocarbons in the East- the United States and Europe have number of prominent European ern Mediterranean. Participants in- frayed considerably. Through his leaders, including Jean-François cluded Rep. Brad Schneider (D-IL) of regular column in the Sunday Times Copé, the leader of the French UMP the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Com- (London) and essays in the Weekly party and one of France’s best-known mittee, the Greek and Cypriot ambas- Standard, Senior Fellow political figures, who delivered a sadors to the United States, and the dissected the economics and politics major address on how to strengthen minister for economic affairs at the of trans-Atlantic relations. And in the U.S.–European relations. Copé’s Israeli Embassy to the United States. speech was carried live by C-SPAN. Major Hudson policy forums included a two-day “Transatlantic Russia Conference” (cospon- and Eurasia sored with the International Re- publican Institute and the Centre for European Studies), during As U.S.–Russian relations further which U.S. officials, senior members deteriorated in 2013, policymakers of the European Parliament, and and opinion leaders looked to Senior Hudson scholars gathered to discuss Fellows David Satter, Richard Weitz, domestic, defense, and foreign policy and Charles Fairbanks for insight challenges confronting their various into the strategic challenges posed by countries—and the transatlantic a revanchist Russia. alliance as a whole. Richard Weitz, director of the Hudson and Senior Fellow Seth Center for Political-Military Analysis

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 9 at Hudson, provided commentary in a development that prompted world- opinion pieces on Russian regional numerous media outlets, such as the wide condemnation from advocates policy for the Wall Street Journal and Voice of America, the BBC, and al of press freedom. At year’s end, a New York Post. Jazeera, and made extensive lecture paperback edition of Satter’s widely appearances overseas, including talks praised book It Was a Long Time Ago, in both Russia and Azerbaijan. He and It Never Happened Anyway: serves on the Russian Working Group Russia and the Communist Past was & North Africa of the Trilateral Commission and his published; British historian Andrew scholarly work has put particular Roberts called it a “classic,” and focus on the evolving Russia–China colleges like the University of As war and instability continued to relationship and its likely effect on California, Berkeley, have added it convulse the Middle East and North U.S. interests. to their curriculum. Also in 2013, Africa in 2013, Hudson scholars pro- In 2013, while continuing to make Satter’s documentary about the vided extensive analysis of the regular print and broadcast contribu- disintegration of the Soviet Union, region—and examined the threats tions in major American and interna- Age of Delirium, was awarded the and opportunities it presents to U.S. tional media outlets, David Satter Van Gogh Grand Jury prize at the policymakers—in a continuing pro- became a senior adviser to Radio Amsterdam Film Festival. The film gram of published research, public Free Europe/Radio Liberty. In that has now been screened in at least conferences, and private briefings. capacity—and while also pursuing ten countries, including a public Directed by Senior Fellow Hillel research for his fourth book on showing in Kiev’s Maidan Square. Fradkin, Hudson’s Center on Islam, Russia—Satter relocated to Moscow In the Republic of Georgia, Democracy, and the Future of the in September, only to become, a few Charles Fairbanks continued his Muslim World maintained its pos- months later, the first American effort to build democracy through the ition as a leading source of timely correspondent to be expelled from civic education of university students. scholarship and commentary on Russia since the end of the Cold War, He also wrote several widely noted political, religious, economic, and

10 WWW.HUDSON.ORG social developments in the Middle scholarly journal Current Trends in “Why Sunnis East. In the wake of protests that Islamist Ideology. While continuing erupted in Turkey in spring 2013, his longstanding research on the Fear Shiites,” a for example, Fradkin testified before efficacy of U.S. applied strategy to- much-discussed members of the U.S. Committee on ward unstable, politically contested Commentary feature Foreign Affairs about the regional foreign countries, Brown also ambitions of the Turkish government. completed two in-depth studies of article coauthored “Why Sunnis Fear Shiites,” a much- long-range geopolitical trends. The by Hillel Fradkin and discussed Commentary feature article first, coauthored with Senior Fellow Hudson Senior Vice coauthored by Fradkin and Hudson Charles Horner, examined growing Senior Vice President Lewis Libby, ties between China and the Muslim President Lewis examined the Sunni–Shiite conflict in World and their implications for U.S. Libby, examined the both historic and strategic terms, ana- strategic policy over the next two lyzed the current weakness of Sunni decades. Brown’s second major Sunni–Shiite conflict resistance in Syria, and addressed the report, with contributions from in both historic and impact a potential Israeli attack on Fradkin and Senior Fellow Abram strategic terms. Iran’s nuclear facilities might have Shulsky, analyzed the political and on the regional balance of power demographic transformations now between Sunnis and Shiites. Fradkin underway in Greater Kurdistan, and and Libby collaborated on a number explored how these changes may of other essays as well, including two affect Southwest Asia’s future articles in the Wall Street Journal on political and strategic order. Obama administration missteps in Richard Weitz wrote in the U.S. Syria and the future of Iranian Army’s journal Parameters about nuclear capabilities. dilemmas facing Executive Branch Senior Fellow Eric Brown policymakers as American forces coedited, with Fradkin and Senior begin withdrawing from Afghanistan. Fellow Husain Haqqani, two new On PBS’s NewsHour, Senior Fellow volumes of Hudson’s renowned discussed U.S. aid

Opposite from left: At the conference, Power Shifts in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Emerging Strategic Relationship of Israel, Greece, and Cyprus, Amb. George Chacalli, Amb. Christos Panagopoulos, Rep. Brad Schneider (D-IL), Eli Groner, Charles Ellinas, Kenneth R. Weinstein, and Seth Cropsey

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 11 With China’s unilateral announcement of an unprecedented “East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone” extending into Japanese, South Korean, and Taiwanese maritime areas—and with ever-intensifying North Korean military provocations—tensions in the region continued to Syrian opposition groups in the U.S. and Saudi Arabia: Is a 70-Year to escalate. context of American’s historical Strategic Alliance on the Rocks?” experience in Afghanistan in the which was broadcast live on C-SPAN. Top right: John Walters, and 1980s. Senior Fellow Douglas J. Rep. Randy Forbes (R-VA.) at a Feith, director of Hudson’s Center discussion of Seth Cropsey’s Mayday: for National Security Strategies, Asia and The Decline of American Naval Supremacy delivered frequent briefings on the Pacific Opposite: Adm. Jonathan Greenert, Capitol Hill, contributed a number departs the People’s Liberation Army of especially influential essays to the Navy (PLAN) ship Datong FFG 580 with Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and Throughout 2013, the research the ship’s Commanding Officer Lt. Cmdr. Foreign Policy (including “The War portfolio of Hudson’s Asia scholars Hao He after touring the ship and transiting of Law: How New International —including Senior Vice President to Lushun Naval Base. Adm. Greenert Law Undermines Democratic Lewis Libby; Senior Fellows Eric gave a closed door briefing to defense Sovereignty,” coauthored with Senior Brown, Seth Cropsey, Jack David, specialists at Hudson in April. Fellow John Fonte and former U.S. Charles Horner, Melanie Kirkpatrick, Senator ); and prepared Michael Pillsbury, Richard Weitz, two research reports, “Islamist and Husain Haqqani; Research Extremism—Potential for Greater Fellow Aparna Pande; and Visiting U.S.–Australian Cooperation” and Fellow John Lee—touched on many “U.S.–U.K. Strategy after 9/11.” overlapping issues related to trade, Feith is currently at work on a book demographics, arms proliferation, about the history of the Arab–Israeli foreign policy, and defense. Their conflict to be released in 2014. work was especially important and Also in 2013, Senior Fellow Lee timely given the problems that Smith, one of American journalism’s confronted U.S. policymakers over leading voices on the Middle East, the course of the year. organized and moderated a new With China’s unilateral announce- series of expert panel discussions ment of an unprecedented “East about unfolding developments in China Sea Air Defense Identification that region, beginning with “The Zone” extending into Japanese, South

12 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Korean, and Taiwanese maritime toward Afghanistan, and jihadist South Asia, will also cohost a 2014 areas—and with ever-intensifying ideology in the Wall Street Journal, conference on “India and Global- North Korean military provocations the New York Times, Newsweek, ization Initiative” in New Delhi. —tensions in the region continued to Foreign Affairs, and the Journal of Pande maintained a busy lecture escalate. While Japan, Taiwan, and Democracy. He delivered feature schedule of her own in 2103, other nations are seeking a unified addresses to the Aspen Ideas Festival, appearing before the Council on response to China’s rise, Beijing’s Aspen Security Forum, Brookings Foreign Relations (St. Louis) and military build-up and diplomatic U.S.–Islamic World Forum in Doha, at Stonybrook and Univer- actions pose a direct challenge to San Francisco World Affairs Council, sities, while researching and U.S. strategic primacy in the Pacific and Halifax International Security writing a forthcoming book on Rim. Developments in 2013 also Forum. Haqqani was also a guest on Indian foreign policy and three made the long-term stability of The Daily Show and Charlie Rose to chapters in multi-author books, South Asia—another area critical to discuss his latest book, Magnificent two on India–Pakistan relations, U.S. national security interests—a Delusions: Pakistan, the United States, and one on Pakistan’s ties with rising concern, as bilateral relations and an Epic History of Misunderstand- Saudi Arabia and China. between New Delhi and Islamabad ing, published in November 2013, Charles Horner and research remain unsettled. and praised as “timely, valuable, and fellow Eric Brown completed “The Hudson’s Husain Haqqani, objective” by former Secretary of PRC’s New March West,” a lengthy former Pakistani ambassador to State Madeleine Albright. report on emerging relations between the United States, is without peer In the coming year, Haqqani is the Chinese and Islamic worlds and as an expert on South Asian politics planning a major Hudson paper on the potential impact of these ties on and regional security. In 2013, “U.S. Policy toward South Asia Post- near- and long-term U.S. strategic he published a series of widely 2014.” Haqqani and Research Fellow interests. Horner also published acclaimed essays on the U.S.– Aparna Pande, director of Hudson’s essays on the Chinese famine of the Pakistan relationship, U.S. policy Initiative on the Future of India and 1950s and China’s maritime history for the Claremont Review of Books Journal, Wall Street Journal, and the American Military Power in the Pacific: and the Naval War College Review, American Interest. Cropsey’s report A 21st-Century Strategy (coauthored respectively. examining the Obama administra- with Robbin F. Laird and Edward Seth Cropsey testified before tion’s “pivot to Asia” will be released Timperlake) explores U.S. policy- members of the U.S. House Com- in 2014. In 2013, Richard Weitz making challenges in the search for mittee on Armed Services on the published two full-length books: a 21st-century Pacific strategy. strategic impact of China’s naval Global Security Watch–China exam- modernization, organized several ines the foreign and defense policies Hudson conferences on U.S.–Taiwan of that nation, emphasizing political– The Americas relations and broader regional issues, military developments in the modern and published frequently on Asia era since the 1989 Tiananmen In 2013, Hudson continued to security issues in the Armed Forces Square crackdown; Rebuilding provide analysis of key economic,

14 WWW.HUDSON.ORG social, and political development Standard and La Nacion. Christopher Sands throughout the Americas. Senior Fellow Christopher and Visiting Fellow Lee Under the direction of Senior Sands leads Hudson’s Initiative on Fellow Jaime Daremblum, Hudson’s North American Competitiveness. Lane are researching Center for Latin American Studies In 2013, he convened a summit challenges confronting is a leading platform for bilateral on the health of North America’s North America’s energy and multilateral dialogue among auto industry four years after the thinkers and officials from the federal government’s bailout of infrastructure, like United States and its southern General Motors and Chrysler. inadequate power neighbors. In 2013, the Center Sands also published two major focused its energies on the local research studies: “Alternative line and pipeline and cross-regional political Energy Futures for North connections among fallout from populist regimes; America” and “North American energy suppliers and the potential for increased region- Competitiveness: The San Diego al co-operation on energy and Agenda,” the latter exploring the consumers in the U.S., economic issues; and avenues future of the NAFTA region 20 Canada, and Mexico. for improvement in U.S.–Latin years after that agreement was American relations. Highlights signed. Sands and Visiting Fellow of the year included major public Lee Lane are currently researching Opposite from left: Ambassador Lino conferences on the implications challenges confronting North Gutiérrez, Ambassador Jaime Daremblum, of Hugo Chávez’s death for politics America’s energy infrastructure, Evan Ellis, Douglas Farah, Arturo Gonzalo in Venezuela and other authori- like inadequate pipeline and power Aizpiri, and Arturo C. Porzecanski tarian-oriented states in the region, line connections among energy and on Argentina’s current economic suppliers and consumers in the U.S., policies and future prospects for Canada, and Mexico. In 2014, growth. Daremblum provided Sands will also release a major report frequent commentaries on these that will examine the role of public and other related issues in major policy in the market emergence of media outlets like the Weekly self-driving cars and trucks.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 15

Economics

Innovation, Budget, and Regulation

Distinguished Fellow Christopher DeMuth’s research during 2013 focused Christopher DeMuth’s on the causes and consequence of two striking developments in American research during 2013 government: the ballooning federal debt, and the emergence of unilateral executive government. His work traced both developments to a common focused on causes and source: the decline of Congress as an effective lawmaking institution consequences of two beginning in the 1970s, when the legislative branch began delegating broad striking developments lawmaking powers to regulatory agencies, and also abandoned efforts to im- pose careful and rigorous discipline on federal spending. DeMuth’s analysis in American government: suggests that advances in information and communications technologies, the ballooning federal and the increasing dominance of highly organized interest groups in debt, and the emergence American politics, have worked to undermine the traditional role of the legislature—and correspondingly increased the power of the executive. of unilateral executive DeMuth presented his conclusions in a series of lectures to academic government. and civic audiences that attracted considerable attention—including a nationally syndicated column by George Will and numerous citations and inquiries from members of Congress. DeMuth’s budgetary analyses appeared in the Clarmont Review of Books (“The Bucks Start Here”); in a column for Forbes during the government shutdown in October (“This Shutdown Is Much More Serious Than the Others”); and in cover article for (“The Silence of the Liberals”). With support from Senior Fellow Hanns Kuttner, DeMuth also continued to direct Hudson’s Initiative on Future Innovation, which pursues research designed to help sustain America’s capacity for technological advances that will—at which a wide variety of outside experts are invited to discuss and provide suggestions about leading-edge scholarship still in progress—was active throughout the year. Three notable Hudson monographs resulted from these conversations in 2013: Beyond Retrofitting: Innovation in Higher Education, by Frederick M. Hess and Andrew P. Kelly; Open Spectrum: A Major Step for U.S. Innovation and Economic Growth, by Harold Furchtgott-Roth; and Organization and Innovation in Air Traffic Control, by Robert W. Poole Jr. Taken together, these studies suggest that “status quo bias” against disruptive innovation is notably more intense and obstinate when

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 established economic arrangements become programmatically embedded in public-sector administration. Inno- Hudson Institute’s Center for the vation strategies focused on the Economics of the Internet pursues removal of barriers to diffusion of an energetic program of research already discovered new technologies —rather than on fostering discovery and debate intended to highlight the itself—may therefore prove more continuing importance and utility of fruitful in the near term. DeMuth published two articles clearly defined property and contract derived from the Initiative’s research rights in the digital sphere. in 2013: one on FCC regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum (“Open Skies and Open Spectrum”) in , and one on the FDA and pharmaceutical innovation (“The FDA Nixes a Pathbreaking Drug for MS,” coauthored with Christopher DeMuth Jr.) in the Wall Street Journal. And he taught three courses during the year in advanced-studies programs affiliated with Hudson: “The Transformation of American Government” for the Hertog Young Professionals Program; “Theory and Practice in Government Policy” for the Hertog Political Studies Pro- gram; and “Foundations of a Free Economy: Hayek and His Critics” for the Tikvah Advanced Institutes. For 2014, DeMuth is at work on “Debt and Democracy,” a major report on America’s fiscal challenges that will include recommendations from a bipartisan group of scholars for organizational reforms of Con- gress designed to improve budgetary discipline. He is also preparing a book on the growth of regulation and exec- utive government that incorporates his academic work and hands-on experience as a senior government official. The Initiative on Future Innovation will be focusing on the reform and refinement of federal R&D policies—where there are strong arguments for government action

18 WWW.HUDSON.ORG but actual programmatic practice is increasingly controversial and unstable. DeMuth and Kuttner are also preparing a study of the National Institutes of Health with specific proposals for improving its process for funding research on basic biological science. Kuttner will continue to pursue research related to his coauthored 2013 study “Double Duty: Payments Cards as a Doorway to Greater Financial Health,” a joint Hudson Institute–Center for Financial Services Innovation project that produced detailed recommend- ations for a more efficient govern- ment electronic payment system designed to strengthen household financial security.

Wireless Communication and the Economics of the Internet

Hudson Institute’s Center for the Economics of the Internet pursues an energetic program of research Pictured on previous page: Christopher DeMuth and debate intended to highlight Top from left: Samuel Tadros, Husain Haqqani, Carl Gershman, Tamara Wittes, and Ihsan Yilmaz the continuing importance and spoke at a panel entitled Markets, Civil Society, and Democratic Change in the Middle East utility of clearly defined property Above: Federal Communications Commissioner Ajit V. Pai, with Harold Furchtgott-Roth and contract rights in the digital sphere. In 2013, the Center hosted ten conferences, featuring distinguished speakers from government and academia. Moderated by Center director and Senior Fellow Harold Furchtgott-Roth, these conferences showcased leading-edge research in the field and an open exchange of views among noted experts in tech-

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 19 related policymaking and private Environmental read analysis of new IPCC scenarios, industry. Speakers included FCC “An Institutional Critique of New Commissioner Ajit V. Pai, MIT and Energy Policy Climate Scenarios,” in the journal professor Jerry Hausman, Verizon Climatic Change; and contributed Senior Vice President Craig Silliman, In 2013, Visiting Fellow Lee Lane a major essay to The New Atlantis, Northwestern University professor published several analyses of U.S. “Toward a Conservative Policy on Shane Greenstein, and former FCC and global energy and climate poli- Climate Change,” suggesting that chairman Richard Wiley. cies and participated in a number of mainstream environmental advoca- In addition to his monograph related symposiums. Lane’s Hudson cy—and economic proposals for U.S. Open Spectrum, Furchtgott-Roth, report Institutional Choices for Regu- carbon taxes—are failing to provide with assistance from Research lating Oil and Gas Wells evaluated realistic and effective solutions to the Associate Jeffrey Li, published congressional efforts to broaden fed- problem of climate change. “Defining Relevant Markets for eral oversight of the drilling process In 2014, Lane will make a Mergers and Acquisitions Involving known as hydraulic fracturing—and formal submission of comments Communications Services.” For was the centerpiece of both a major to the National Academy of Science 2014, they are at work on a study Hudson conference (with senior panel now studying climate engin- assessing the status and future of energy analyst Natalie Tawil of the eering; his analysis will focus on technology-related intellectual Congressional Budget Office) and the strategic implications of climate property law. Furchtgott-Roth a scholarly symposium at Johns Hop- engineering in light of U.S.–China and former FCC commissioner kins University. Lane also coauthored relations. Lane will also continue Robert McDowell, who joined (with J. Eric Bickel of the University of his work on the IPCC, the geopol- Hudson as a visiting fellow in Texas) Solar Radiation Management: itics of climate engineering, and 2013, will continue their highly An Evolving Climate Policy Option, a the current U.S. regulatory envir- influential print and media work report published by the American onment with respect to tight oil on breaking developments in tele- Enterprise Institute; served as an development in the Monterey Shale communications policy, regularly expert reviewer to Working Group III and deep-water offshore exploration featured in Forbes and the Wall Street of the Intergovernmental Panel on and extraction in the Arctic. Journal, and on PBS NewsHour, Fox Climate Change (IPCC); coauthored Finally, Lane and Senior Fellow Business, WSJ Live, and C-SPAN. (with W. David Montgomery) a widely Christopher Sands are currently

20 WWW.HUDSON.ORG collaborating on research about the of the mortgage market collapse. to serve on the Federal Deposit challenges facing North America’s In conjunction with an ongoing Insurance Corporation’s Advisory energy infrastructure, in particular project on the federal mortgage inter- Committee on Economic Inclusion. its insufficient pipeline capacity est tax deduction, the Center for and connections. Housing and Financial markets published Weicher’s much-discussed General Economic “Rich, Poor, and In Between: Who Policy Housing Benefits from the Mortgage Interest Deduction?”—a scholarly analysis Throughout 2013, Hudson’s Center of the deduction’s effect on wealth Senior Fellow and director of for Housing and Financial Markets, distribution and income-inequality Economic Policy Studies Irwin directed by Senior Fellow John C. among American households. Stelzer is a frequent contributor to Weicher, was actively involved in Weicher’s further research on the the BBC, the Weekly Standard, and public debate about the housing and mortgage interest deduction will The Sunday Times of London. He also mortgage markets. Drawing on his appear in the U.S. Department of provides regular private economic experience as Commissioner of the Housing and Urban Development briefings to senior-level business and Federal Housing Administration journal Cityscape in 2014. And, political leaders. Drawing on the (FHA) from 2001 to 2005, Weicher with funding from the MacArthur insights of the great economists— wrote and spoke extensively about Foundation, Weicher and the from Adam Smith through Joseph the fiscal position of the FHA for Center will be extending their Schumpeter and John Maynard both business and academic audi- research on “The Long-Term Keynes—Stelzer is currently com- ences. A synthesis of his latest Dynamics of Affordable Rental pleting a book (forthcoming in 2014) conclusions will be included in Housing in the United States”— laying out a conservative-oriented but a symposium on the FHA to be which has already analyzed the non-dogmatic agenda for sustained published by the journal Housing economic expansion that began in American economic growth. Seltzer Policy Debate in early 2014. the early 1980s—to include the more has also begun researching a second Weicher also lectured at major law recent “Great Recession” period. book (for Penguin Press) on public schools across the country about In addition to his work for policy and management techniques the sources and policy implications Hudson, John Weicher continues in the media industry.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 21 Religious Freedom and Human Rights

For more than 50 years, Hudson Institute has maintained a strong Hudson’s Center for commitment to the protection and advancement of fundamental human Religious Freedom rights across the globe. Hudson’s Center for Religious Freedom (CRF) is internationally recog- (CRF) is internationally nized for its reporting and scholarship about ongoing and emerging threats recognized for its to religious liberty abroad—and its advocacy of effective American policies reporting about ongoing to deter and combat religious persecution. CRF’s work has never been more important than in recent years, as various autocratic or sectarian govern- and emerging threats to ments and violent terrorist groups have mounted increasingly severe, often religious liberty abroad. unprecedented attacks against minority faiths and the free and open practice of religion generally. The problem is particularly acute in China and North Right: An Iraqi woman Korea; in the sub-Saharan nations of Nigeria, Sudan, and the Central African Below: A boy at a Catholic Shrine in Indonesia Republic; and throughout the Middle East, where a series of populist, demo- cratic revolutions have been appropriated, supplanted, or undermined by better-organized, armed Islamist movements, resulting in a humanitarian

22 WWW.HUDSON.ORG crisis that imperils the continued Persecuted was moderated by best- more “liberal,” to banish the Copts existence of millennia-old Christian, selling biographer Eric Mataxas from the public sphere. Mandean, and other communities. (Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, CRF scholars also kept up a Spy and Amazing Grace: William broader publishing and outreach Wilberforce and the Heroic Campaign effort throughout the year, contrib- Religious to End Slavery); broadcast on C-SPAN; uting timely, bylined research and Persecution and covered by CNN, USA Today, and analysis to leading print outlets other major news organizations. like the New York Times, Wall Street In August, Hudson Senior Fellow Journal, National Review, Congres- In 2013, CRF and its scholars Samuel Tadros published Motherland sional Quarterly, Huffington Post, produced two major books on the Lost: The Egyptian and Coptic Quest for Washington Post, Boston Globe, perilous state of religious liberty in Modernity. The book is a tour de force Weekly Standard, and Foreign these and other areas of the world. of political, religious, and cultural Affairs; making frequent guest In March, Hudson Senior Fellow history, tracing a century of struggles appearances on television and Paul Marshall, Adjunct Fellow Lela by Egyptian intellectuals and states- radio networks like C-SPAN, CNN, Gilbert, and Senior Fellow (and men to refashion a country largely Fox News, Wall Street Journal Live, CRF Director) Nina Shea published passed over by Western advance- BBC, EWTN, CBN, and Al Jazeera; Persecuted: The Global Assault on ments—and the parallel, intertwined and delivering featured presenta- Christians, a systematic catalog of efforts of Egypt’s Copts to preserve tions at major universities and ongoing oppression, abuse, and their ancient church and independ- NGO conferences, both in the violence—and a searching analysis ent identity in a modernizing age. United States and overseas. of what motivates specific political, Tragically, as Tadros’ work makes CRF’s own events at Hudson’s ideological, and religious move- clear, Egypt’s continued failure to Betsy and Walter Stern Conference ments to target Christian believers resolve these conflicting tensions has Center in Washington provide a regu- as “the enemy.” The Hudson panel enabled a series of different regimes, lar, influential forum for expert dis- discussion marking the launch of even those otherwise considered cussion and the promotion of public awareness about religious freedom. written testimony on the persecution Highlights of CRF’s Highlights of CRF’s 2013 confer- of Egypt’s Coptic minority to the ence program included panels on House Foreign Affairs Committee in 2013 conference the repression of Christians in Iran, December. He also briefed the Sena- program included Muslims and Christians in Burma, tor Foreign Relations Committee, panels on the repres- and the Coptic minority in Egypt, Senators Mike Lee and , as well as a November panel on Ambassador Ryan Crocker, and pro- sion of Christians in Nigeria featuring Adamu Habila, vided regular training on Middle Iran, Muslims and sole survivor of a massacre by the East politics and culture to U.S. extremist group Boko Haram, Army units preparing to deploy to the Christians in Burma, and the first such survivor to visit region. Congressional Quarterly’s 90th and the Coptic minority Washington and testify about his anniversary special issue on religious experiences. That same week, the freedom was a clear sign of CRF’s in Egypt, as well as a U.S. State Department added Boko stature in Washington on the subject; panel on Nigeria Haram to its official Foreign Terror- the magazine extensively cited the ist Organizations (FTO) and Specially Center’s work and included a stand- featuring Adamu Designated Global Terrorists alone essay on religious freedom and Habila, sole survivor (Executive Order 13224) lists. American foreign policy by Center Center scholars also took their director Nina Shea. of a massacre by the research directly to key American In 2014, CRF aims to intensify extremist group Boko policymakers in 2013, making its efforts to build grassroots Haram, and the first frequent trips to Capitol Hill for American support for diplomatic public hearings and private brief- and humanitarian policies that can such survivor to visit ings with individual members of better protect the rights and freedom Washington and testify Congress. Senior Fellow Samuel of religious minorities, particularly Tadros delivered oral and in the Near and Middle East. about his experiences.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 25 Events held by Hudson Institute’s Center for Religious Freedom provide a regular, influential forum for expert discussion and the promotion of public awareness about religious freedom.

Top from left: Nina Shea, Adamu Habila, and Emmanuel Ogebe Bottom from left: Samuel Tadros and Robert Satloff at the launch of Motherland Lost: The Egyptian and Coptic Quest for Modernity Page 26: Protecting a Coptic Church in Egypt

Political Rithy Panh (author of The Elimina- tion, an account of childhood under Repression the Khmer Rouge regime) and China’s Ping Fu (author of Bend, Not Hudson Senior Fellow Melanie Break, a memoir about coming of age Kirkpatrick, author of the widely during the Maoist Cultural Revolu- praised Escape from North Korea: The tion). Kirkpatrick was also a featured Untold Story of Asia’s Underground participant—along with Senators Railroad, published numerous opin- Marco Rubio and Patrick Leahy—in a ion pieces and book reviews for the widely noted Capitol Hill forum on Wall Street Journal in 2013, vividly governmental and NGO responses chronicling human rights abuses to North Korea’s continuing, gross like those experienced by Cambodia’s human rights violations.

26 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Hudson History

“A healthy and fully functioning society must allocate its resources among a variety of competing interests, all of which are more or less valid but none of which should take precedence over national security.” –Herman Kahn

When the nuclear strategist and futurist Hudson emerged as a think tank that reminded America—and the world at Herman Kahn (1922–1983) founded would tackle policy problems of the large—of the promise and possibilities Hudson Institute in 1961, he had a present, while looking over the horizon that optimism, markets, and techno- grand and powerful long-term vision for gathering storms and possible solu- logical innovation could bring. for his burgeoning think tank: He hoped tions. Hudson helped the United States Herman Kahn’s legacy has guided that the Institute would help “to raise and its allies to craft both the near-term Hudson for more than fifty years. We the level of debate” over critical issues policies and the longer-term and more remain dedicated to Kahn’s vision of affecting national security and inter- comprehensive strategies that would questioning conventional wisdom, national order. eventually undermine the Iron Curtain. and fashionable thinking, focusing on Under Kahn’s leadership, Hudson The Institute’s “future studies” re- the longer-term through careful and Institute became a research organiza- search cut through the pervasive pessi- comprehensive analyses of the complex tion of national and global significance. mism of the late 1960s and 1970s and factors shaping the future.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 27

Philanthropy,Society, and Culture

American Culture and Identity

Inspired by an ISI Books anthology site, whatsoproudlywehail.org, are of the same name, “What So Proudly programs to aid classroom instruction We Hail” is a Hudson Institute project and enhance civic education. “The that aims to encourage thoughtful Meaning of America” is a ten-part patriotism through reflection about series of video conversations and the meaning of American citizenship. study guides that demonstrate how Through conferences attended by stories and speeches can be used to teachers and a curriculum of online enhance civic education, and how a discussions and study guides about pedagogical approach that stresses classic American texts and e-books, learning through inquiry can make Senior Fellow Amy Kass and AEI’s primary sources come alive for Leon Kass seek to educate both students of all ages. “The American hearts and minds about American Calendar” focuses on the meaning ideals, American identity and nation- of our civic holidays and how they al character, and the requisite virtues contribute to our common life as for a fruitful civic life. Americans. In 2013, two additional Now offered by the project’s web- programs were added to the project:

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 29 Senior Fellow Amy Kass and AEI’s Leon Kass seek to educate both hearts and minds about American ideals, American identity and national character, and the requisite virtues for a fruitful civic life.

“Songs for Free Men and Women” International Law Undermines examines our major national songs, Democratic Sovereignty.” Fonte both to understand their words and and social scientist Althea Nagai to discover what they contribute to published a report examining patriot- making attached citizens; “The ic attitudes among native-born and American Muse: Poems for Free naturalized American citizens for Men and Women” examines classic the Bradley Project on America’s American poems, both to under- National Identity. At the request of stand their words and to explore the Minnesota Senate Education how reading poetry can join Committee, Fonte wrote his final individual and community in a evaluation of that state’s social unique, powerful way. studies standards. He also briefed By the end of 2013, the project U.S. Senate Foreign Relations had also published nine e-book Committee staff on the U.N. anthologies on major national treaty-monitoring process and holidays—Labor Day, Columbus the status of three pending U.N. Opposite page: Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, human rights treaties (on children, 2013 Bradley Symposium Martin Luther King Day, George women, and the disabled); lectured From top: Weekly Standard editor William Washington’s Birthday, Memorial on global governance issues at the Kristol serving as master of ceremonies, Day, Flag Day, and Independence Danube Institute in Budapest and , and Bradley Day—each of them showing how Texas Tech University; and made a Center director and Senior Fellow repeated common celebrations formal presentation on the history William Schambra help unite and identify us as a of the U.N. Universal Declaration of people and deepen our attachment Human Rights at the Transatlantic to our country. Christian Council in . In 2013, Senior Fellow and For 2014, Fonte is preparing a director of the Center for American survey of public attitudes about Common Culture John Fonte coau- American identity, patriotism, and thored (with Senior Fellow Douglas exceptionalism sorted by education- Feith and former Senator Jon Kyl) a al attainment, economic status, widely discussed essay for Foreign religious attachment, ideology, Affairs, “The War of Law: How New and ethnicity.

30 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Philanthropy and journalists, and other shapers of Civic Renewal public opinion who understand the demands of liberty and rally to its defense, the 2013 Symposium Over the course of 2013, Hudson’s invited previous prize winners to Bradley Center for Philanthropy discuss the question “Are We Freer and Civic Renewal hosted a series Than We Were Ten Years Ago?” Gary of debates on current issues in phi- Becker of the University of Chicago, lanthropy, featuring more than 50 Shelby Steele and Victor Davis opinion leaders in the nonprofit Hanson of the Hoover Institution, sector. Topics for discussion included Heather MacDonald of the Manhat- the growing interest in Social Impact tan Institute, and other distinguished Bonds, the charitable tax deduction participants examined current threats in American political thought, and to economic opportunity and the the role that philanthropy is playing extent to which our political culture in rescuing Detroit after the city might be undermining freedom. declared bankruptcy. Bradley Center director and Senior Fellow William Schambra contrib- Global Philanthropy uted numerous articles in 2013 to publications including the Chronicle and Development of Philanthropy, National Affairs, and the Nonprofit Quarterly. Under the direction of Senior Fellow Also in 2013, the Bradley Center Carol Adelman and Research Fellow hosted its ninth annual Bradley Yulya Spantchak, Hudson’s Center Symposium, keynoted by syndicated for Global Prosperity (CGP) contin- columnist Charles Krauthammer ued its highly influential work in with Weekly Standard editor 2013. The Center’s pilot report, William Kristol serving as master of Philanthropic Freedom, evaluated the ceremonies. In honor of the tenth philanthropic health of 13 major anniversary of the annual Bradley nations. Designed to address a gap Prize, which recognizes scholars, in existing development research,

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 31 32 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Right: At the Bradley Center’s The Promise of Social Impact Bonds: A Discussion with the UK Minister for Civil Society, Jitinder Kohli, Nick Hurd, and William Schambra Bottom from left: Michael Kremer, Carol Adelman, Neeraj Mistry, Jeremiah Norris, Don Bundy, and Ellen Agler at the event, The Economic Case for Neglected Tropical Disease Control and Elimination Overleaf from left: Christopher Demuth, Mona Charen, Tevi Troy, Bill Galston, and at a discussion of Tevi Troy’s book, What Jefferson Read, Ike Watched, and Obama Tweeted

the report surveyed three principal For the first time, the Index covered categories of barriers and incentives total economic engagement (govern- to philanthropic giving in each ment aid and private financing) in nation: the ease of registering and both the developed world and four operating civil society organizations; significant emerging economies: domestic tax policies for individual Brazil, China, India, and South and corporate deductions, credits, Africa. Private-sector giving in and exemptions; and the ease of these latter four countries was sending and receiving cash and notably robust, accounting for more in-kind goods across borders. than 95 percent of their financial Hudson’s May 16 release event for flows to developing nations, and Philanthropic Freedom featured totaling $103 billion—compared to remarks by Dr. Tomicah Tillemann, $577 billion from the Index’s 23 senior advisor for civil society and developed-economy donors com- emerging democracies at the U.S. bined. A Hudson symposium on the Department of State, and received 2013 Index included presentations extensive press coverage. The report by Tomicah Tillemann, USAID’s was subsequently distributed to Alex Thier, and Dennis Whittle Adelman’s colleagues on the State of the Ashoka Foundation and Department’s Global Philanthropy globalgiving.com. Adelman also Working Group, a panel of represen- delivered an address about the tatives from key foundations and report’s findings to the Economic research institutions seeking to Club of Canada, and Spantchak encourage and facilitate interna- joined CGP research partners from tional private-sector giving. India and China in an international Also in 2013, CGP published webinar on the Index hosted by its eighth annual Index of Global Worldwide Initiatives for Grant- Philanthropy and Remittances: With a maker Support (WINGS). Special Report on Emerging Economies. In 2014, with support from the

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 33 2014 WINGS Forum in Istanbul and will present a methodological paper on the measurement of philanthropic freedom at the Inter- national Society for Third-Sector Research in Germany. Finally, Adelman and Spantchak have coauthored a chapter (“Foundations and Private Actors”) on the transfor- mative role of philanthropy in international development for Development Thought, a textbook forthcoming in 2014.

Contemporary and Historical Politics and Governance

Hudson Research Associate Cita Stelzer’s well-received January 2013 book Dinner with Churchill: Policy- Making at the Dinner Table has since sold more than 20,000 copies and has been republished in paperback. She has maintained an active schedule of lectures about the book, both here in the United States and abroad, and is now at work on a second Churchill-themed volume that will explore the role of women in the work force before and during World War II. Adjunct Fellow Tevi Troy’s book, Templeton Foundation, Canada’s IDRC and the Bristol-Myers Squibb What Washington Read, Ike Watched, International Development Research Foundation are also supporting and Obama Tweeted: 200 Years of Centre (IDRC), the Charles Stewart CGP’s plan to expand the Index of Popular Culture in the , Mott Foundation, and the Bristol- Global Philanthropy and Remittances was published in the fall of 2013 Myers Squibb Foundation, CGP will (to include 10 emerging economies) and earned favorable reviews and be significantly expanding the scope and begin publishing that report’s widespread publicity, including a of its Philanthropic Freedom project results on a biennial basis. Center feature piece in Parade magazine to cover 60 nations across the globe for Global Prosperity leadership and extensive interviews with the —and will release a correspondingly will participate in a conference on author on C-SPAN and other revised and updated report in 2015. cross-border philanthropy at the broadcast outlets.

34 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Herman Kahn and Global Leadership Awards

The 2013 Herman Kahn Award, ceremony in New York City on the Japanese economy—and his named after the world-renowned September 25. The Prime Minister determination “to make my beloved futurologist who founded Hudson was introduced at the event by his country a proactive contributor to Institute in 1961, was awarded to long-time friend, Hudson Senior peace.” Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe Vice President Lewis Libby. Abe “Japan should not be a weak link —in recognition of his extraordinary then took the stage to accept the in the regional and global security career on the world stage, and his Kahn Award, offering kind remarks framework where the U.S. plays a vigorous, principled promotion of about Hudson before delivering leading role,” the Prime Minister free markets, global security, and substantial, specially-prepared said. “Japan is one of the world’s most democratic ideals—at a gala luncheon remarks about his plans to reform mature democracies. Thus, we must

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 35 be a net contributor to the provision Hudson’s commitment to strong Above from left: General , of the world’s welfare and security. national security, guarded optimism U.S. Army (ret.), Prime Minister Shinzo- Abe, And we will. Japan will contribute to about the future, and an appreciation and Henry Kissinger. the peace and stability of the region of the role of technology as a driver Right from top: Hudson Institute Board and the world even more proactively of global economic progress. Past Chairman Sarah Stern, and Hudson Board than before.” Kahn Award honorees include former Vice Chair Marie-Josée Kravis Hudson Institute Board Chair Vice President , former Previous page from left: Former Hudson Sarah M. Stern and Hudson Presi- Arizona Senator John Kyl, and former Chairman Walter Stern welcomes Prime dent & CEO Kenneth R. Weinstein Governor . Minister Shinzo- Abe, Hudson President and also made remarks during the cere- CEO Kenneth R. Weinstein makes remarks mony, with Weinstein offering a ••• during the award ceremony, Senator special additional tribute to Hudson Joseph Lieberman trustee Yoji Ohashi, Chairman of On December 10, 2013 at a formal ANA Holdings, Inc., for his visionary dinner held at The Pierre in New contributions to commercial aviation York City, Hudson Institute and dedication to a strong bilateral recognized Charles D. Davidson relationship between the United of Noble Energy, Inc. with its States and Japan. first-ever Global Leadership Award. The annual Herman Kahn Davidson was honored for his success Award honors leaders who epitomize in developing previously untapped

36 WWW.HUDSON.ORG “There is a renaissance energy resources in the United what we were imagining just five States and Eastern Mediterranean— years ago.” in manufacturing in the achievements that have dramatically Mitch Daniels, former governor U.S. New projects enhanced U.S. energy security and of Indiana and past president of totaling billions of competitiveness, and transformed Hudson Institute, presented the the Eastern Mediterranean into a Global Leadership Award to David- dollars have been burgeoning energy-sector power- son. Hudson Board Chair Sarah M. announced in the U.S., house. Stern and Hudson President & CEO taking advantage of the “There is a renaissance in manu- Kenneth R. Weinstein also addressed facturing in the U.S.,” Davidson said the Institute’s guest attendees. abundance and lower in his acceptance speech. “New proj- Hudson’s new Global Leadership costs of natural gas. ” ects totaling billions of dollars have Award highlights the prerequisites for —Charles D. Davidson been announced in the U.S., global leadership—strategic vision taking advantage of the abundance and dedication to strong alliances, and lower costs of natural gas. The open markets, and innovation— recent boom in oil and gas develop- while celebrating and recognizing Above: Jeffrey Berenson and Mitch ment here in the U.S. has supported the farsighted individuals who have Daniels, Hudson President and CEO two million jobs last year and added made exceptional contributions to Kenneth Weinstein, Global Leadership Award $300 billion to our GDP. Our world the security, prosperity, and freedom recipient Charles Davidson at the podium in the U.S. today barely resembles of the United States and its allies.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 37 Hudson Outreach

38 WWW.HUDSON.ORG For over 50 years, Hudson Institute’s Hudson also has a rapidly growing prodigious research output and presence on Twitter; the number of incisive commentary have been @HudsonInstitute followers more disseminated worldwide to opinion than doubled in 2013, and numerous leaders, government and military Hudson scholars now maintain officials, senior business executives, personal accounts of their own. and members of the media. Hudson Various Hudson policy centers, scholars also provide direct, timely scholars, and associated projects briefings and counsel to policymakers also continue to host active, stand- and other key individuals in the alone websites and blogs—such as the United States and across the globe. Center for Global Prosperity’s “Blogal Prosperity,” and the Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Hudson Online Muslim World’s currenttrends.org. For subject-specific digital projects Hudson.org provides links to all like these, as well, Hudson’s forth- scholars, centers, and programs coming new website will serve as a affiliated with the Institute. Begin- carefully integrated, easily accessible, ning in 2014, Hudson will launch and aggressively updated central a top-to-bottom rebuild of this entry portal. website. Designed for ease of use and compatibility across all digital platforms—desktop, iPhone, iPad, Events and Android, and other devices— Hudson’s new site will offer Publications high-definition images and video, robust search capability, and In 2013, Hudson hosted 60 public seamless integration with social events in Washington and New York, media tools like Facebook, Google+, many of them attracting national Twitter, and YouTube. and international media coverage, Thoroughgoing website integra- including a significant number of tion will complement Hudson’s live C-SPAN broadcasts and intensive effort over the past year to Associated Press wire stories. All expand the Institute’s social media Institute events held at the Betsy footprint. Our dedicated YouTube and Walter Stern Conference Center page features both full-program in Washington are live-streamed broadcasts and edited highlights through Hudson’s Ustream channel of Hudson events and media (at hudson.org/watchlive), allowing interviews with Hudson scholars. an international online audience to Our Facebook page is a supple- view the proceedings and interact ment to Hudson’s website, where with participating panelists in real followers can keep abreast of the time via Twitter. Beginning in early Institute’s latest news, conferences, 2014, large-format, high-definition publications, and videos. Both of feeds of these broadcasts will also these pages will be completely become available directly on the redesigned in conjunction with the redesigned hudson.org homepage. launch of the new hudson.org site. Hudson Institute continues to

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 39 High-level Washington policymakers have long depended on the guidance and expertise of Hudson scholars.

distribute the full array of its scholars’ search; 2013 saw an unprecedented analysis were frequently cited by research and analysis—book-length number of appearances by Hudson decision makers in Congress, the monographs, formal reports, briefing scholars on U.S. and foreign news Executive branch, the business papers, serialized journals, and other channels like PBS, CNN, Fox News, world, and academia. And Hudson published commentary— in both C-SPAN, CNBC, Fox Business, continued to expand its program of printed and electronic form. In BFMTV (France), BBC, CTV extensive, detailed, private brief- 2013, Hudson produced dozens (Canada), NHK, CNN, Nikkei TV ings—on defense and security policy; of major new publications, as well (Japan), and Voice of America. transportation and energy issues; as hundreds of smaller, occasional telecommunications regulation and papers, as highlighted elsewhere Government technology; crime and drug control; throughout this report. health care reform; and trade and Relations economics—for senior elected and Media and appointed officials and staff through- High-level Washington policymakers out the federal government. Press Coverage have long depended on the guidance Government relations is a two-way and expertise of Hudson scholars. In street at Hudson. In 2013, Institute- In 2013 as in previous years, Hudson 2013, our fellows provided a steady hosted events included a great many scholars were regularly published and stream of formal congressional leading American officials as quoted in, and consulted by, leading testimony on subjects like human featured speakers or panel partici- print and online publications rights abuses in North Korea; U.S. pants: Congressman Greg Walden throughout the world including naval strategy in the Pacific; the on “Retransmission Consent in the Foreign Affairs, Wall Street Journal, future of Egypt; the security impli- 21st Century;” Congressman Brad New York Times, Washington Post, cations of civil unrest in Turkey; the Schneider on the geopolitical impli- Forbes, World Affairs, National Review, plight of religious minorities in Syria; cations of energy reserves located National Affairs, Weekly Standard, and proposed reform of the FCC in the Eastern Mediterranean; Agence France Presse, Bloomberg, regulatory process. These Capitol congressman Randy Forbes on the Commentary, and many others. Hill appearances were widely noted decline of U.S. naval power and its Broadcast media also continues to in the Washington policy community. impact on U.S. national security; be a growing market for Hudson re- Hudson’s related research and FCC Commissioner Ajit Pai on the

40 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Internet protocol transition; and FTC Commissioner Maureen Ohlhausen on network neutrality rules, among others. These events, too, generated significant national press coverage and follow-up commentary. Consistent with its institutional traditions, Hudson also made a notably successful effort to include representatives of foreign govern- ments in our 2013 programs and projects. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe received Hudson’s 2013 Herman Kahn Award at a formal ceremony in New York City—and used the occasion to deliver specially prepared remarks about his country’s economic and defense plans and the future of the U.S-Japan alliance (see page 35 for further detail about the 2013 Herman Kahn Award). A num- ber of other prominent international political figures made featured appearances at Hudson’s Betsy and Walter Stern Conference Center in Washington: Jean-François Copé of France’s UMP Party gave a widely covered speech on U.S.-European relations and NATO’s response to the Iranian nuclear program. The Greek and Cypriot ambassadors to the U.S., along with the Israeli Embassy’s minister of economic affairs, partic- ipated in a major, three-part con- ference on security cooperation in connection with newly discovered natural gas deposits in the eastern Mediterranean. For 2013’s “4th Transatlantic Think Tank Confer- ence,” Hudson co-hosted—with the International Republican Institute and the Centre for European Studies —dozens of key officials and opinion leaders from the U.S. and Europe at a two-day discussion of Western econo- mic and defense relations and NATO policy toward a revanchist Russia.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 41 Hudson researchers also participated support to Hudson scholars and staff. means investing in independent in public programs or private brief- Through these internships, students public policy research dedicated to ings with leaders including the gain valuable experience and insight strengthening international security, Portuguese secretary of state for Euro- about public policy, communications, promoting liberty and human rights, pean affairs Bruno Maçães; Mehmet and administration. Past Hudson in- unleashing the power of free markets, Şimşek, minister of finance for the terns have gone on to be hired by the and nurturing civil society through Republic of Turkey; and Bill English, federal government, think tanks in the encouragement of effective deputy prime minister of . Washington and abroad, congres- philanthropy. sional offices, foreign governments, Hudson Institute is a nonprofit, Internship large companies, and nongovern- nonpartisan 501(c)(3) research mental organizations (NGOs). organization. Financial support for Program the Institute can be in the form of Support cash, securities, stocks, and matching This year, nearly two hundred gifts. Donors can also provide support students from an array of universities for Hudson for Hudson’s research and programs in the United States and abroad— through bequests and other forms of including Yale University, George- The size of Hudson’s footprint in planned giving and endowment town University, Wellesley College, public policy depends to a great support. More information about the University of Chicago, University extent on the generosity of private donating to Hudson Institute is of Oxford, and Tulane University— individuals, foundations, and corpo- available online at provided research and administrative rations. Investing in Hudson Institute www.hudson.org/about/support.

Finances 2013

Revenue Expenses

Distributions from endowment 7% Individuals30% National security 32%

Philanthropy, society & culture 24%

Corporations 12% Foundations 44% Administration, outreach, & development 16%

Investment income Economics 23% & other 1% Government 6% Religious Freedom & Human Rights 5%

Total revenue: $13,844,000 Total expenses: $10,237,000

42 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Hudson Management

Kenneth R. Weinstein is President John P. Walters is Chief and CEO of Hudson Institute. He Operating Officer and Executive serves by presidential appointment Vice President of Hudson Institute. and Senate confirmation as a member He has extensive experience in of the National Humanities Council, the foreign and domestic policy and governing body of the National Endow- in philanthropy. Previously, he was ment for the Humanities. Weinstein has director of the White House Office written widely on international affairs of National Drug Control Policy and comments on France 24, Le (ONDCP) during the George W. Monde, the BBC, NHK, Fox News Bush administration. He comments Channel, and numerous international frequently in outlets such as CNN, media outlets. In Defense of Thinking: BBC, and the Weekly Standard. The Essential Herman Kahn (Transac- tion, 2009) is his latest book.

Hudson Senior Vice President William Luti is the Vice President Lewis Libby specializes in U.S. for Strategic Implementation. He national security strategy, strategic directs Hudson’s strategic planning planning, the future of Asia, the efforts to shape and advance the Middle East, and the war against mission and growth of the Institute. Islamic radicalism. Before joining Before joining Hudson, he held Hudson, Libby held several executive positions in several high-level positions in the federal private sector information systems government, including Chief of companies providing a wide range Staff to Vice President Richard of information technology solutions. Cheney and Assistant to the Dr. Luti served as Special Assistant Vice President for National to President George W. Bush for Security Affairs. Defense Policy and Strategy on the National Security Council.

Senior Fellow David Tell serves as Daniel McKivergan is Hudson Institute’s Director of Public Hudson’s Deputy Director of Affairs and Special Projects. He Public Affairs & Special Programs. previously had an extensive career Previously, he held a senior position as a speechwriter, presidential at Baron Public Affairs and was campaign strategist, White House Deputy Director of Policy for the aide, and opinion journalist. 2008 McCain presidential campaign. He also served as a Legislative Director in the U.S. House and Senate and as an editor for the Weekly Standard and Philanthropy.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 43 Joel Scanlon is Hudson’s Director Thereza Austria is Hudson of Studies. Previously, he served Institute’s Director of Finance. as Deputy Assistant to the She is responsible for managing President and Director of the the overall finance, accounting, White House Office of Strategic and budgeting functions, as well Initiatives. Immediately prior to as overseeing governmental joining Hudson he oversaw contracting, foundation grants, policy studies at the Center for and compliance reporting. International Private Enterprise. Previously, Austria was an Audit Manager at Tate & Tryon, a CPA firm serving exclusively non-profit organizations.

Hudson Scholars and Staff

Carol Adelman is a Senior Fellow Alex Avery is Director of and Director of the Center for Global Research and Education at Prosperity, which produces the annual Hudson’s Center for Global Food Index of Global Philanthropy and Issues. Prior to joining Hudson in Remittances. In addition to serving as 1994, he was a McKnight a Presidential appointee heading up Research Fellow at Purdue foreign aid to Asia, the Middle East, University. He is the author of and Eastern Europe at the U.S. The Truth about Organic Foods Agency for International Development (Henderson, 2006), and frequently (USAID), she served as Vice-Chair comments on pesticides, organic of a Bipartisan Congressional Com- foods, and high-yield farming. mission to reform foreign aid, and as Vice-Chair of the Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid to USAID.

Dennis Avery, Senior Fellow Jesse Barnett is a Research and Director of the Center for Fellow at the Center for Global Global Food Issues, specializes in Prosperity. He joined the Center agriculture, environment, world in 2014, where he writes and hunger, biotechnology, pesticides, conducts research on international and water issues. He is the author development in both developed of Unstoppable Global Warming: and emerging economies. A Every 1,500 Years (Rowman & native of Washington State, he Littlefield, 2007). Previously, received bachelor’s degrees in Avery served the U.S. Depart- both economics and political ment of State as an agricultural science from Western analyst, assessing foreign policy Washington University. implications of farming.

44 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Martha Bayles writes and Kim Bowling is Hudson lectures frequently about media Institute’s Human Resource and public diplomacy. She Administrator and Office recently published Through a Manager. A longtime employee Screen Darkly: Popular Culture, of the Institute, she is Public Diplomacy, and America’s responsible for overseeing Image Abroad (Yale 2014). She day-to-day office operations, has been a Visiting Scholar at office systems and technology, the Getty Institute, a Fulbright and human resources. Lecturer, and arts correspondent for the PBS program, “Religion & Ethics Newsweekly.” She is now Visiting Associate Professor of the Practice of the Humanities at .

Eric Brown is a Research Senior Fellow Hank Cardello directs Fellow at Hudson’s Center on Islam, Hudson’s Obesity Solutions Initiative. Democracy, and the Future of the He specializes in food and obesity, Muslim World. He is co-editor of consumer behavior, and food policy Hudson’s signature journal, Current and industry. Previously, he was an Trends in Islamist Ideology. Brown executive at several companies, has directed or participated in a including Sunkist Soft Drinks, range of research and analytical Canada Dry, Coca-Cola USA, and projects focused on Islamic and Anheuser-Busch. Cardello authored Asian affairs, the alternative security and co-authored several 2013 reports and socio-political futures of the examining the impact of healthier food Middle East and Asia, and U.S. options in the restaurant industry. He foreign policy and strategy. is the author of the book Stuffed: An Insider’s Look at Who’s (Really) Making America Fat (HarperCollins, 2009).

Seth Cropsey is a Senior Fellow Robert Cole is Hudson Institute’s and expert on military affairs and Administrative Assistant. He Asian policy. He has published in graduated from Liberty University the Wall Street Journal, Washington with a degree in Government and Post, World Affairs, Foreign Affairs, minor in Strategic Intelligence. He and the Weekly Standard, among has worked as an intern and staff other outlets. Mayday: The Decline assistant on Capitol Hill. He was of American Naval Supremacy born and raised in Syracuse, NY. (Overlook Duckworth Press, 2013) is his latest book. Previously, he served as Deputy Undersecretary of the Navy during both the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations.

Rachel Cox is Hudson Institute’s Ambassador Jaime Daremblum, Manager of Public Programming. Senior Fellow and Director of the In 2012, she graduated from Center for Latin American Studies, Georgetown University with a served as Costa Rica’s Ambassador Bachelor of Arts degree in History to the United States from 1998 until and English, and a minor in Film 2004. He has testified before and Media Studies. Congress numerous times on U.S.– Latin American relations and is a fre- quent author of articles in leading publications such as the Wall Street Journal, , the Weekly Standard, and La Nación.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 45 Jack David, Senior Fellow and Charles Davidson is Executive Member of the Board of Trustees, Director of the Financial Corruption specializes in national security and & Autocracy Initiative at Hudson defense policy. Previously, he was Institute. Davidson is also Publisher Deputy Assistant Secretary of De- & CEO of The American Interest fense for Combating Weapons of LLC, and co-founder of The Mass Destruction and Negotiations American Interest magazine with Policy under President George W. in 2005. He is Bush. His writing is published in the a graduate of Bowdoin College Wall Street Journal and National Re- and Duke University’s Fuqua view, among other major outlets. School of Business.

Julie Davidson is Director of Christopher DeMuth Distinguished Media Operations for the Financial Fellow Christopher DeMuth was Corruption & Autocracy Initiative at President of the American Enterprise Hudson Institute, supervising the Institute for Public Policy Research Initiative’s website, Russia archives, (AEI) from 1986–2008 and D.C. and documentary film program. A Searle Senior Fellow at AEI from former professional theater director, 2008–2011. DeMuth studies govern- Davidson was co-founder of the ment regulation, competition, and Young Entrepreneurs Alliance and is law and economics. Formerly the a graduate of Williams College. editor-in-chief of Regulation maga- zine, his work has appeared in the Wall Street Journal, National Affairs, and Commentary, among others.

Senior Fellow Ronald Dworkin, Senior Fellow Charles Fairbanks M.D. practices anesthesiology at has served as a Deputy Assistant Greater Baltimore Medical Center. Secretary of the U.S. Department He has written for the Wall Street of State and member of the Journal, the Baltimore Sun, and Department’s policy planning other newspapers. He is the author staff. He was Director of the of Artificial Happiness: The Dark Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Side of the New Happy Class at Johns Hopkins University’s (Basic Books, 2006). School of Advanced International Studies.

Douglas J. Feith is a Senior John Fonte is a Senior Fellow Fellow and Director of the Center and Director of the Center for for National Security Strategies. American Common Culture at Prior to joining Hudson Institute, Hudson. He studies national Feith served as the Under Secre- identity, immigrant assimilation, tary of Defense for Policy in the and global governance. His book George W. Bush administration. Sovereignty or Submission: Will He is the author of War and Americans Rule Themselves or Decision: Inside the Pentagon Be Ruled by Others? (Encounter at the Dawn of the War on Books, 2011) was awarded the Terrorism (Harper, 2008). Inter-collegiate Studies Institute’s (ISI) Paolucci-Bagehot literary prize for 2012.

46 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Senior Fellow Hillel Fradkin Harold Furchtgott-Roth is a directs the Center on Islam, Democ- Senior Fellow and Director of the racy, and the Future of the Muslim Center for the Economics of the World. He specializes in foreign Internet. From 1997 through 2001, policy, Islamic and Jewish thought, he served as a Commissioner war, and ethics. Under Fradkin’s of the Federal Communications direction, the Center produces the Commission. Prior to his preeminent journal Current Trends appointment to the FCC, he in Islamist Ideology. Fradkin has was Chief Economist for the been published by the Weekly House Committee on Commerce. Standard, Commentary, and His most recent report, Open World Affairs, among others. Spectrum: A Major Step for U.S. Innovation and Economic Growth, was published in 2013.

Benjamin Haddad is a Research A Hudson Institute Senior Fellow and Fellow specializing in European Director for South and Central Asia, and transatlantic affairs. A lecturer Ambassador Husain Haqqani in international affairs at Sciences served as Pakistan’s ambassador to Po , his articles have appeared the United States from 2008-2011. in publications that include Politique He also served as an advisor to four Etrangère, The American Interest, Pakistani Prime ministers, Yusuf Raza L’Opinion, Global Policy, and Gilani,Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif Atlantico. He holds an MA in and Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi. Haqqani is international security from Sciences Director of the Center of International Po Paris and an MA in economics Relations at Boston University. His from HEC. book Magnificent Delusions: Pakistan, the United States, and an Epic History of Misunderstanding was published by Public Affairs in 2013.

Lianchao Han is a Visiting Fellow Jacqueline Harrell is executive working on Hudson’s Future of assistant to the president of Innovation Initiative. A patent Hudson Institute. attorney specializing in intellectual property protection strategies and innovation-related issues, he is also an expert on China’s economic and political development. Previously, Han worked in the U.S. Senate for 12 years, serving as legislative counsel and policy director for three U.S. senators.

Dr. Arthur Herman is a frequent Yoshiki Hidaka is a Visiting Senior writer on defense, energy, and Fellow, focusing on U.S.-Japanese technology issues. He is the author relations. Hidaka is the executive of seven books, including the producer of Yoshiki Hidaka’s Pulitzer Prize Finalist Gandhi and Washington Report, a documentary Churchill (2008). His most recent news program broadcast on work is The Cave and the Light: Television Tokyo Network. He is a Plato Versus Aristotle and the Senior Advisor to the President of Struggle for the Soul of Western the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. Civilization (Random House, 2013). He was educated at the University of Minnesota and Johns Hopkins University in history and classics.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 47 Charles Horner is a Senior Maneeza Hossain, an expert Fellow specializing in the study of on Islam and Bangladesh, is a China, Asia, and Sino-U.S. relations. Senior Fellow with the Center on He is the author of Rising China and Islam, Democracy, and the Future Its Postmodern Fate: Memories of of the Muslim World. She is the Empire in a New Global Context author of Broken Pendulum: (University of Georgia, 2009). His Bangladesh’s Swing to Radicalism articles have appeared in the (Hudson Institute, 2007). Washington Post,the Wall Street Journal, and National Interest, among others.

Based in Tokyo and Washington, Amy Kass is a Senior Fellow Jun Isomura is a Senior Fellow specializing in philanthropy, civic and directs Hudson’s U.S.-Japan leadership, civic education, and Strategic Summit Program. He American citizenship. For more focuses on international affairs, than thirty years she was an national security issues, and award-winning teacher of classic information technology security. texts in the College of the Prior to joining Hudson, Isomura University of Chicago. She is ran an international public affairs the editor of many books, most and risk consulting firm. recently five e-books (co-edited with Leon Kass) on the American calendar: Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, and Martin Luther King, Jr. Day.

Nibras Kazimi is a Visiting Fellow Senior Fellow Naser Khader focusing on the growing threat of served as a member of the Danish jihadism in the Middle East, Parliament, Folketinget, from 2001 prospects for democracy in the until 2011, as a member of the region, and the national security Conservative Party. Khader’s of Iraq. Previously, he directed the research areas include freedom of Research Bureau of the Iraqi speech and the fight for democracy National Congress in Washington and democratic values in multi- and Baghdad. He also writes a cultural societies. He is a frequent weekly column on the Middle East contributor to Danish media and for the New York Sun. television on Islam, the Middle East, and the Arab Spring.

Melanie Kirkpatrick is a Senior Marie-Josée Kravis is a Senior Fellow specializing in U.S. foreign Fellow and Vice Chair of the Board policy, international security, Asia, of Trustees. Kravis is a well-known and North Korea. She contributes economist specializing in public reviews and commentary to various policy analysis and strategic publications, including the Wall planning. Her articles have Street Journal, where she was a appeared in Forbes, the Wall Deputy Editor of the editorial page Street Journal, and the National from 2006 to 2009 and a longtime Post (Canada), among others. member of the editorial board. She is the author of Escape from North Korea: The Untold Story of Asia’s Underground Railroad (Encounter Books, 2012).

48 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Hanns Kuttner is a Senior Fellow Lee Lane is a Visiting Fellow working on the Institute’s Future of working on the political economy Innovation Initiative. Kuttner studies of climate change, energy policy, and change in technology and health the environment. He is author care, and has written Broadband for of the report Institutional Choices Rural America: Economic Impacts for Regulating Oil and Gas Wells and Economic Opportunities (Hudson Institute, 2013) and the (Hudson, 2012), Taxing Sales: book Strategic Options for Bush Comparing the Origin-Based and Administration Climate Policy (AEI Destination-Based Models (Hudson, Press, 2006). Lane serves as an 2012), and was a co-author of expert reviewer for the Intergovern- Double Duty: Payments Cards as a mental Panel on Climate Change. Doorway to Greater Financial Health (Hudson Institute/Center for Financial Services Innovation, 2013).

Ju Young Lee is a Program Based in Australia, John Lee is Assistant with the Financial a Visiting Fellow specializing in Corruption & Autocracy Initiative. Chinese development, the foreign She earned a degree in International policies of states in East and South- Relations and Government from east Asia, and Sino-U.S. relations. Claremont McKenna College in His articles have been published in 2014. As a student, Lee worked the Wall Street Journal Asia, the at the Center for Strategic and National Interest, and Forbes, International Studies Korea Chair, among others. He is the author the congressional office of of Will China Fail? (Centre for Congresswoman Barbara Lee, Independent Studies, 2009). and the Council on Foreign Relations Korea Studies Program.

Adam G. Lowe is the Technical Nicholas Mackey serves as Manager for Hudson Institute’s Program Officer for the Hertog Public Affairs. He graduated with Political Studies Program. He a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor graduated from Boston College of Science from James Madison with a degree in political University and a Master of Science science. He is originally from from University of Maryland, College Pasadena, California. Park. He and his wife are originally from Columbus, Ohio.

Visiting Senior Fellow Mario Ann Marlowe, a Hudson Visiting Mancuso, formerly Under Fellow, is a writer and business- Secretary of Commerce under woman specializing in the U.S. President George W. Bush, military, counterinsurgency strategy, specializes in trade and technology. Libya and Afghanistan. A frequent Prior to government service, traveler to Libya and Afghanistan, Mancuso spent almost a decade Marlowe has embedded with the in the private sector as an U.S. Army numerous times and international corporate lawyer and covered the Libyan war. Her business executive in New York, articles have appeared in the Wall Boston, and London. Street Journal, The New York Times, the Weekly Standard, the New York Post, Tablet, and other outlets.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 49 Paul Marshall is a Senior Fellow Hudson Visiting Fellow at Hudson’s Center for Religious Robert M. McDowell was a Freedom, specializing in religious Commissioner of the Federal freedom, Islam, and human rights. Communications Commission Marshall is the author and editor of (FCC) until 2013. He was appointed more than twenty books; his latest by presidents George W. Bush (2006) with Lela Gilbert and Nina Shea, and Barack Obama (2009). During Persecuted: The Global Assault on his tenure as Commissioner, he Christians was published by Thomas served as one of only five policy- Nelson in 2013. His articles have makers on the FCC, which regulates appeared in the Wall Street Journal, approximately one-sixth of the U.S. the Weekly Standard, and National economy and shapes domestic and Review, among others. international commerce in the information, communications and technology (ICT) sectors.

Bryan McGrath is the founding Kristen McIntyre is the Project Managing Director of The Manager for Hudson’s Bradley FerryBridge Group LLC (FBG), a Center for Philanthropy and Civic niche consultancy specializing in Renewal, focusing on the role of naval and national security issues. government regulation on the A retired Naval Officer, he spent nation’s philanthropic sector. 21 years on active duty including Most recently, her work has been a tour in command of USS in assessing the potential of BULKELEY (DDG 84). He earned Social Impact Bonds to support a BA in History from the University underfunded social services. of Virginia in 1987, and an MA in Political Science from The Catholic University of America.

David W. Murray is a Senior Senior Fellow Andrew Natsios Fellow at Hudson Institute where served as Administrator of the U.S. he co-directs the Center for Agency for International Develop- Substance Abuse Policy Research. ment (USAID), the lead U.S. Previously, he served as Chief government agency for international Scientist and Associate Deputy economic development and Director (Supply Reduction) in the humanitarian assistance, from federal government’s Office of 2001 until 2006. He is the author of National Drug Control Policy. Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: Murray holds an M.A. and Ph.D. What Everyone Needs to Know in social anthropology from the (Oxford University Press, 2012). University of Chicago.

Senior Fellow Jeremiah Norris Aparna Pande is Director of the directs Hudson’s Center for Science Hudson Institute’s Initiative on the in Public Policy, specializing in public- Future of India and South Asia. She private partnerships in development contributes to media outlets such as assistance; trade and development; the Weekly Standard, Huffington global AIDS, TB and malaria policies; Post, Pajamas Media, IndoLink, economic effects of NTDs; and the Outlook India, and Chowk. Pande’s emergence of noncommunicable latest book is Explaining Pakistan’s diseases in emerging market Foreign Policy: Escaping India economies. He is co-author of (Routledge, 2011). the report The Pharmaceutical Industry’s Contributions to the UN Millennium Development Goals (Hudson Institute, 2013).

50 WWW.HUDSON.ORG An Italian philosopher, Senator, Senior Fellow Michael Pillsbury and former President of the Italian joined Hudson Institute in 2012. Senate, Marcello Pera is a A distinguished defense policy Visiting Fellow at Hudson. Pera advisor, former high-ranking specializes in modern political government official, and author of philosophy, liberalism and religion, numerous books and reports on and the future of Europe. His China, Pillsbury was Assistant latest book is Why We Should Under Secretary of Defense for Call Ourselves Christians: The Policy Planning during the Reagan Religious Roots of Free Societies administration. He also served on (Encounter Books, 2011). the staff of four U.S. Senate Committees from 1978 to 1984 and 1986 to 1991.

Visiting Fellow Andrei Kimberly Russell is a Program Piontkovsky is a member Manager at the Center for Global of the Russian Opposition Prosperity. She is responsible for Coordinating Council and a executing all operational details well-known political analyst in related to the production of the Russia. An outspoken critic of Index of Global Philanthropy and Putin’s “sovereign democracy” Remittances and the Index of in Russia, Piontkovsky is the Philanthropic Freedom. She author of several bestselling Williamreceived herSchnei- Bachelor’s Degree books on the Putin presidency, in International Studies from including Russian Identity der,American Jr. add University. (Hudson Institute, 2008).

Christopher Sands is a Senior David Satter is a Senior Fellow Fellow specializing in Canada and specializing in the study of Russia. A U.S.-Canadian relations, as well former Moscow correspondent, Sat- as North American economic inte- ter is a long-time observer of Russia gration, the auto industry, and and the former Soviet Union and trade policy. He wrote Alternative has written three books about Energy Futures for North America Russia, Age of Delirium: The (Hudson Institute, 2013) and co- Decline and Fall of the Soviet authored the joint report Alternative Union (Knopf,1996), Darkness at Energy Futures for North America Dawn: The Rise of the Russian (Hudson Institute/Dawson Strate- Criminal State (Yale, 2003), It Was a gic/Institute of the Americas/ Long Time Ago, and It Never Hap- Wilson Center, 2013). pened Anyway: Russia and the Communist Past (Yale, 2012).

Senior Fellow William Schambra Senior Fellow Gabriel Schoenfeld directs the Bradley Center for is the author, most recently, of A Bad Philanthropy and Civic Renewal. Day in the Romney Campaign: An He has written extensively Insider’s Account (InterMix, 2013). on the Constitution, the theory Schoenfeld writes frequently on and practice of civic revitalization, national security and intelligence for and civil society in the Wall Street leading publications in the United Journal, National Affairs, Nonprofit States. From December 2010 Quarterly, and the Chronicle of through November 2012, Philanthropy. Schoenfeld was on leave from Hudson while serving as a Senior Adviser to the Mitt Romney for President Campaign.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 51 Senior Fellow William Schneider, An international human rights Jr. is a Washington based economist lawyer, Senior Fellow Nina Shea and defense analyst. He is President of directs Hudson’s Center for Religious International Planning Services, Inc., Freedom. Between 1999 and 2012, and currently serves as Chairman of Shea served as a Commissioner on the Defense Science Board in the the U.S. Commission on International Department of Defense as well as the Religious Freedom. She has written Department of State’s Defense Trade numerous books, including most Advisory Group. He has written on recently (with Paul Marshall) Silenced: defense and foreign policy, U.S. How Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes strategic forces, theater nuclear are Choking Freedom Worldwide (Ox- forces, and unconventional warfare. ford, 2011). Her forthcoming book (with Paul Marshall and Lela Gilbert) is Persecuted: The Global Assault on Christians (Thomas Nelson, 2013).

Abram Shulsky is a Senior Senior Fellow and Trustee Emeritus Fellow at Hudson Institute. Previously, Max Singer founded Hudson he served as an advisor to the Under Institute with Herman Kahn in 1961 Secretary of Defense for Policy from and served as President until 1973. 2001 to 2009, dealing primarily with Singer is the author of numerous issues related to Iraq and the books, most recently History of the Global War on Terror. Shulsky is the Future: The Shape of the World to co-author (with Gary J. Schmitt) of Come Is Visible Today (Lexington, Silent Warfare: Understanding the 2011). He has also written many World of Intelligence (Potomac articles for Commentary, National Books, 2002). His articles on intelli- Interest, the New York Times gence and arms control have Magazine, and Reader’s Digest. appeared in a number of outlets, including the Weekly Standard and the Wall Street Journal.

Lee Smith is a Senior Fellow at A journalist and a Research Hudson Institute and a senior editor Associate at Hudson Institute, at the Weekly Standard. He was also Cita Stelzer previously worked for editor-in-chief of the Voice Literary John Lindsay, Mayor of New York, Supplement, the Village Voice’s and Governor Hugh Carey. She is national monthly literary magazine. currently a Researcher at Churchill He has contributed numerous College, Cambridge, and a member articles on Arab and Islamic affairs of the Board of the Churchill Centre to the New York Times, the New and Trustee of Wigmore Hall. Her Republic, the Weekly Standard, book, Dinner with Churchill: Policy- among others. His book The Strong Making at the Dinner Table, was Horse: Power, Politics, and the Clash published by Short Books (2012) of Arab Civilizations, was published in the UK and Pegasus (2013) in by Doubleday in January 2010. the United States.

Senior Fellow Irwin Stelzer directs Carolyn Stewart is Press Secretary Hudson’s Economic Policy Studies and Publications Manager of Hudson Group. He specializes in economics, Institute. Previously, she worked in regulatory policy, competitiveness, strategic communications and grant and the European economy. He is the writing at the National Air and Space U.S. economic and political columnist Museum. She is currently pursuing a for the Sunday Times (London) and Masters degree in Public Relations at a contributing editor of the Weekly Georgetown University, and received Standard. Stelzer frequently her B.A. with honors from James comments on international econo- Madison University in 2008. mics for television and radio outlets, including BBC and CNBC.

52 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Samuel Tadros is a Research Fellow Senior Fellow Tevi Troy researches with Hudson’s Center for Religious health care, domestic policy, and Freedom. Previously, he was a Senior presidential politics. He has served Partner at the Egyptian Union of as the Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Liberal Youth, an organization that Department of Health and Human aims to spread the ideas of classical Services, a senior White House aide, liberalism in Egypt. A Professorial and as a Senior Adviser to Mitt Lecturer at Johns Hopkins University’s Romney’s presidential campaign. He School of Advanced International authored the report The Strategic Studies, Tadros is the author of National Stockpile: Vital to Maintain, Motherland Lost: The Egyptian and Critical to Improve (Hudson Institute, Coptic Quest for Modernity (Hoover 2013) and What Jefferson Read, Ike Institute Press, 2013). Watched, and Obama Tweeted: 200 Years of Popular Culture in the White House (Regnery History, 2013).

Senior Fellow John Weicher Senior Fellow Richard Weitz directs directs Hudson’s Center for Housing Hudson’s Center for Political-Military and Financial Markets. From 2001 to Analysis. His current research includes 2005 he served as Assistant Secre- regional security developments tary for Housing and Federal Housing relating to Europe, Eurasia, and Commissioner at the Department of East Asia, as well as U.S. homeland Housing and Urban Development. security and nonproliferation policies. He is the author of the book Housing Weitz comments widely to media Policy at a Crossroads: The Why, outlets such as Fox News, MSNBC, How, and Who of Assistance and the Associated Press. His most Programs (AEI, 2012) and the report recent books, Global Security Watch: Rich, Poor, and In Between: Who China and Rebuilding American Benefits from the Mortgage Interest Military Power in the Pacific were Deduction? (Hudson Institute, 2013). published by Praeger in 2013.

Hudson Institute would like to Thomas Weldy is a Program thank Mitzi Pepall of Bird-in-Hand Associate with the Financial Productions, and Susan Kristol for Corruption & Autocracy Initiative. their significant contributions to He received a bachelor’s degree in this report. Political Science at the University of Mississippi in 2010 and a Juris Photographs on pages 6, 7, 11, and Doctor degree from Mississippi 13 released by the Department of College School of Law in 2013. As a Defense. student, Weldy worked abroad or in Washington, DC for the Department of State, Army JAG Corps and U.S. Helsinki Commission.

HUDSON INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2013 53 Hudson Board of Trustees

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54 WWW.HUDSON.ORG Laurence C. Leeds, Jr. E. Miles Prentice, III Margaret Whitehead Chairman Partner, Eaton & Van Winkle, LLP McLean, VA Buckingham Capital Management William Schweitzer Curtin Winsor, Jr. Partner, Baker & Hostetler, LLP Chairman American Chemical William D. Siegel Services Company New York, NY

Hudson Institute is a nonpartisan policy research organization dedicated Ebrahim Moussazadeh to innovative research and analysis President promoting security, prosperity, and Devorah Diamond, LLC freedom.

Founded in 1961 by Herman Kahn, Max Singer Hudson challenges conventional thinking Senior Fellow and helps manage strategic transitions to Hudson Institute Trustee Emeritus the future through interdisciplinary and collaborative studies in defense, international relations, economics and trade, philanthropy, society and culture, technology, science and health, and law. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., Yoji Ohashi Hudson seeks to guide public policy Chairman of the Board makers and global leaders in government and business through a vigorous All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. program of publications, conferences, and Susan M. Steinhardt policy briefings and recommendations. New York, NY Carolyn S. Parlato Hudson Institute is a 501(c)(3) President organization financed by tax-deductible contributions from private individuals, C&C Shorelands, Inc. corporations, foundations, and by government grants.

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