More Information Here

John Coward Architects Ltd South Lakeland District Council 3 Unsworth's Yard South Lakeland House Cartmel Lowther Street Ford Road Kendal GRANGE OVER SANDS Cumbria LA9 4DL LA11 6PG Tel: 01539 733333 www.southlakeland.gov.uk

Our SL/2019/1017 & Your Ref: Date: 3 January 2020 Refs: SL/2019/1018

Dear Sir / Madam LOCATION: Town Close, The Square, Cartmel, GRANGE-OVER-SANDS PROPOSAL: Single storey rear extension and internal and external alterations - Revised scheme SL/2019/0443 / SL/2019/0444 Thank you for your applications. It was received on 13 December 2019. The applications are valid. We may have changed the description of the proposal. If you do not agree with the description please contact me. Your application numbers are SL/2019/1017 & SL/2019/1018(Please use these whenever you contact us). The Planning Officer dealing with your application is Nick Howard. If we do not issue a decision within 8 weeks you may lodge an appeal with the Planning Inspectorate If these applications are to be heard before Planning Committee, we will let you know in writing or by email at least 7 days before the Committee date. Please see our website for a list of Planning Committee dates. PLEASE NOTE THAT: 1. YOU SHOULD CHECK WITH THE BUILDING CONTROL SECTION TO CONFIRM WHETHER OR NOT THE WORKS YOU PROPOSE REQUIRE CONSENT UNDER BUILDING REGULATIONS. 2. YOU SHOULD CHECK WITH THE COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE LEVY SECTION TO CONFIRM WHETHER OR NOT THE WORKS YOU PROPOSE ARE LIABLE FOR PAYMENT OF CIL. If you have provided an email address we will normally contact you by email. Yours faithfully

Development Management Email: [email protected] Phone: 01539 793330 52#6+#.#.+/+6'& Chartered Land Surveyors st.

shower bed 1 snug ensuite

bath.

dining st.

living utility

bed 2 kitchen

First Floor Level Ground Floor Level Basement Level Scale 1:50 Scale 1:50 Existing store to be rebuilt Scale 1:50 Existing plasterboard to soffit to be removed. Void to be insulated between floor joists with new Existing window altered to accommodate plasterboard and skim finish under. extension. Window to be replaced with new Existing basement walls to be made good using lime double glazed painted timber window. plaster with earth born clay paints to finish. Existing modern doorway / opening to be modified.

Waterside Cottage Stud partition to form shower room. Park House 29.5m Priory Original door to be utilised as door to shower. Hotel Existing fireplace reinstated, to be determined on LB site pending further investigation of chimney. TCB Cross Fish SQUARE More modern internal walls & door forming porch to Pp THE Stone Kings be removed, shown dashed. Remaining walls to be Gatehouse Arms patched up and made good using plaster to match Ford (PH) House existing, to be determined on site pending further Bank Troy's Court investigation. Barn Town Close

Hall

Ford Barn

Royal Oak PC Loft insulation to be upgraded. (Inn) Allotment Gardens Church Roughcast rendered wall to match existing cottage

Pitched roof, reclaimed natural local slate Dotted line indicates extent of Location Plan right to light of neighbours. Scale 1:1250 Flat roof, sarnafil (or similar) single ply membrane Site Plan Existing window removed. New double glazed Scale 1:200 painted timber casement window installed. For natural ventilation to utility, window to be openable.

A Note amended sg 13-12-19

REV COMMENT BY DATE

THE CONTRACTOR SHALL VERIFY ALL DIMENSIONS ON THE JOB BEFORE STARTING WORK OR PREPARING SHOP DRAWINGS. ANY DISCREPANCIES MUST BE REFERRED TO THE ARCHITECT. DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING.

COPYRIGHT ON ALL DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATION AND DOCUMENTATION REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF JOHN COWARD ARCHITECTS LTD, AND MUST NOT BE COPIED OR REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART IN ANY MANNER OR FORM WITHOUT PRIOR CONSENT OF THE COMPANY.

PROJECT

Extension & Alterations Town Close Cartmel

CLIENT Mr & Mrs Wilson

TITLE Final Proposal Plans & Elevations East Elevation West Elevation Hatch indicates obscured glazing to South Elevation North Elevation Scale 1:100 Scale 1:100 kitchen window. Glazing to be obscured Scale 1:100 Scale 1:100 to level 3 in a satin smooth translucent SCALE/ A1 DRAWN CHECKED DATE finish. 1:50/100/200 sg md Dec '19 Existing hallway window fully retained JOB NO DRAWING NO REVISION Aluminium or painted timber framed french doors 19015 12 A

0 5 JOHN COWARD ARCHITECTS LIMITED

No. 3 Unsworth's Yard, Ford Road, Cartmel, jca Cumbria, LA11 6PG Scale Bar (metres) architects Tel : (015395) 36596 1:50 www.johncowardarchitects.co.uk HERITAGE STATEMENT INCORPORATING DESIGN AND ACCESS STATEMENT

Extension and Alterations Town Close Cartmel LA11 6QB

For Mr & Mrs P Wilson

December 2019

Job no. 19015

Rev A General amendments following client review

John Coward Architects Limited No. 3 Unsworth’s Yard Ford Road Cartmel Cumbria LA11 6PG

Telephone: (015395) 36596 Fax: (015395) 36775 Email: [email protected]

1. Introduction

Town Close is situated centrally within the Cartmel conservation area. The house is surrounded by many historic closely-knit buildings, most of which are Grade II listed. Access to the property is via an arched pedestrian alleyway off Cartmel Square.

The property was recently purchased by Mr and Mrs Wilson who propose to internally alter the dwelling for modern living and extend to gain quality space connected to the garden.

Town Close is grade II listed as a complex with adjoining Smiths Bookshop & Bank Court.

This Heritage Statement and incorporated Design Statement / Impact Assessment is written in accompaniment to an application for Planning Permission and Listed Building Consent for an extension and alterations to the property.

2. Setting

Town Close stands in a row of buildings, all of which are residential dwellings.

The building is set over 3 floors. To the ground floor is a living room, dining room and kitchen. A wide staircase leads to the first floor where there are two bedrooms and a house bathroom. The house has a basement under the entire floor area.

To the rear is a private yard which overlooks the village hall, its grounds and Cartmel racecourse beyond.

All the surrounding buildings have double pitched local slate roofs laid in random widths and diminishing courses. Walls of the surrounding properties are generally faced in either a natural or painted wet dash/dry dash render or pointed random rubble stonework. Windows and doors are all in painted timber and many with stone cills. Some window and door surrounds are painted.

3. The Building

The Spatial Data survey and JCA Ltd scheme drawing numbered 19015/12 illustrate the existing and proposed floor plans and elevations.

Town Close is double fronted with a duo pitched roof. To the north is a neighbouring cottage and to the south is a converted barn.

The property is constructed with a local double pitched slate roof, the external walls are constructed in random rubble stone which has been plastered internally and finished externally with a roughcast cement-based render. The ground and first floors are all constructed in suspended timber joists, with wide original floorboards, supported on exposed hand finished timber beams and underdrawn with a plastered ceiling. The floor to the basement is modern concrete. The windows are single glazed painted timber and the doors are also painted timber. The rainwater goods are all painted cast iron.

For a more detailed recording of the existing building see the Heritage Assessment submitted with the application.

4. Listing Notices

BANK COURT P SMITH’S BOOKSHOP TOWN CLOSE, WITH DECORATIVE COBBLED PAVING Overview This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

Name: BANK COURT P SMITH’S BOOKSHOP TOWN CLOSE, WITH DECORATIVE COBBLED PAVING List entry Number: 1087173

Location TOWN CLOSE, WITH DECORATIVE COBBLED PAVING The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. County: Cumbria District: South Lakeland District Type: District Authority Parish: Lower Allithwaite Grade: II Date first listed: 25-Mar-1970 Date of most recent amendment: 15-Feb-1989 Legacy System Information The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. Legacy System: LBS UID: 77020 Asset Groupings This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information. List entry Description Summary of Building Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. Reasons for Designation Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. History Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. Details LOWER ALLITHWAITE THE SQUARE SD 3778 (South side) Cartmel 8/106 P. Smith's bookshop 25.3.70 and Bank Court (formerly listed as Martins Bank) and Town Close, with decorative cobbled paving G.V. II Shop and 2 houses. Early and late C18. Roughcast stone with slate roof. 2 storeys, one bay. Ground floor has C20 bow window recessed in opening; 1st floor has 4-light casement. 2 cross-axial stacks. Entrance to left return in entry to National Westminster Bank (q.v.). Rear has segmental-headed windows, sashed with glazing bars and entrance up steps with bracketed canopy and 6-fielded-panel door. Town Close adjacent to left of 3 bays; sashed windows with glazing bars, those to ground floor segmental headed; entrance has bracketed canopy and 6- fielded-panel door. Patterned cobbled paving to front. Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details National Grid Reference: SD3782078753

Map

© Crown Copyright and database right 2019. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2019. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions.

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1087173 .pdf

5. Significance

The dwelling is an important building within the village of Cartmel. Its collective value as part of the complex is probably more significant than the building in isolation.

Town Close is a good example of an 18th Century traditional south Lakeland property. The building has been altered over the years, however retains a number of early or original features.

The following table categorises significance as relative to the building & the area of proposed work:

Value of building in relation to neighbouring Bank Significant Court Original sliding sash windows Significant Front door Significant Internal shutters to windows Significant Internal doors Significant

6. Design Statement

The scheme proposals are illustrated on JCA drawing 19015/12. Work at each floor level is summarised as follows;

Basement – The existing internal stepped access down into the cellar is to be refurbished and improved. The modern concrete floor is to be retained and the internal walls are to be patched up and made good in areas using lime plaster with earth born clay paints throughout. The existing gypsum plasterboard to the soffit of the basement is to be removed with mineral wool (or similar) insulation proposed between the floor joists and new plasterboard with skim finish under. It is proposed that the timber window to the front elevation is replaced with an openable painted timber window in a more appropriate style. The basement is to be used as a utility space.

Ground Floor – The accommodation to the ground floor is to remain largely as existing. The existing modern fireplace is to be removed and replaced with a more appropriate period design. The existing kitchen is to become a shower room with the existing kitchen door removed and reused. A landing is to be formed for access down to the basement.

A modern single storey extension is proposed to the rear of the property. The scale of the extension is modest. Functionality of the space has been carefully considered to give a kitchen and dining space with connection to the garden, whilst respecting the scale of the existing property. The floor plan of the space was also considered in relation to the neighbours right to light.

The roof line of the extension is a combination of pitched and flat roof in order to minimise the impact on the existing openings as well as wholly maintain the central hallway window. A central pitched roof is shown with a pair of French doors and side light. To the splayed wall a small window with obscured glazing is proposed to allow natural light into the kitchen. The obscured glazing will avoid any overlooking to the neighbouring property. The pitched roof will be finished in natural reclaimed or second hand blue/grey slate and the flat roof will be a single ply membrane, Sarnafil or similar.

Overall the extension will be contemporary. There is a clear distinction between the original property and the more modern intervention. No attempt has been made to create a pastiche design as we believe the extension should be of its own time and clearly discernible. The extension aims to touch the building lightly. Glazing will allow one to see through the extension and to the original wall of the property beyond.

A small pallet of materials have been chosen and this will be used in a contemporary way. Powder coated aluminium rainwater goods are proposed for new gutters and downpipes. Sections of walling will be rendered in roughcast render to match the existing dwelling. The remainder of the extension will be glazed. Further details of materials are illustrated on the drawings.

First Floor – To the first floor it is proposed that the existing store cupboard to the bathroom is rebuilt. An ensuite to bedroom one is also proposed. This will be constructed using timber stud partitions with plasterboard and a skim finish to both sides. The loft insulation will also be upgraded as part of the works.

7. Access Statement

Town Close is situated in the centre of Cartmel village where there are good social and shopping facilities which make for sustainable living. There is also a reasonable public transport link to the main settlements where there are excellent links to the main networks.

Access for emergency vehicles will be unaffected by the proposals.

In order to carry out the works, access to the site is restricted by neighbouring properties. It is therefore proposed that materials will be transported through the original house to the rear garden.

8. Impact Assessment

Extending and altering the building will have an impact on the listed building and some historic fabric will inevitably be lost. In order for the building to be preserved and retained careful decisions will need to be made on how it is converted and any alterations proposed carefully considered. The reasoning behind the alterations proposed and the impact they will have on the historic fabric is considered in the paragraphs below.

The overall aim of the proposal is to create useable accommodation for our clients Mr & Mrs Wilson.

From the frontage the building will remain almost unchanged. One window at the basement level is to be replaced with a more appropriate style, this will be painted timber to match the remaining windows.

To the east elevation, the modern doorway and adjoining sidelights are to be removed and this opening utilised as access to the extension. The interface between the extension and existing dwelling is minimal. A steel beam will be secured to the cottage wall and rafters and other supports will bear onto this rather than forming pockets in the existing stone walls. The masonry side walls provide privacy for both the applicants and the neighbours and the glazed gable give distinction to the more modern intervention and original building form.

The works to the basement seek to manage the damage done through the introduction of the existing concrete floor. The patching in with lime plaster will aim to allow the existing masonry walls to breath whilst not disrupting what is existing. The works to insulate the soffit of the basement are not considered to have an impact on the heritage asset as the original lath and plaster is no longer present. It is therefore intended that the soffit is replaced like for like and thermally upgraded to provide more a comfortable living environment within the main dwelling space.

Internally the alterations to the ground floor are minimal. The existing kitchen door will be reused for the shower room with the introduction of a small section of stud partition. All of which will be reversible. The existing kitchen is of modern design and is not considered to hold any significant value. The removal of the existing more modern porch and door is not considered to have a negative impact. Patching in of plaster will be carried out to match the existing, to be determined on site following site investigation.

9. Photos

Images of the East Elevation

External access to the basement West Elevation

Images of the West Elevation and neighbours

Views from garden

Ground floor internal views of current living room

Ground floor internal views of dining room & kitchen

Basement level

Staircase to first floor and house bathroom

Existing bedroom

TOWN CLOSE, CARTMEL, CUMBRIA

Heritage Assessment

Client: Mr and Mrs Wilson

NGR: 337818 478742

March 2019

The Site

Site Name Town Close, Cartmel

County Cumbria

NGR 337818 478742

Client

Client Name Mr and Mrs Wilson

Planning

Pre-planning? Yes

Planning Application No. N/A

Condition number N/A

Local Planning Authority South Lakeland District Council

Archiving

Relevant Record Office(s)/Archive Centre(s) Cumbria Archive Centre, Kendal

Relevant HER Cumbria HER, Kendal

Staffing Desk-based assessment Dan Elsworth Site visit Dan Elsworth Report writing Dan Elsworth Report editing Jo Dawson Illustrations Tom Mace Date on site work carried out 08/03/2019

Greenlane Archaeology Ltd, Lower Brook Street, Ulverston,Cumbria, LA12 7EE

Tel: 01229 588 500 Email: [email protected] Web: www.greenlanearchaeology.co.uk Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria: Heritage Assessment 1 Contents Illustrations ...... 2 List of Figures ...... 2 List of Plates ...... 2 Non-Technical Summary ...... 3 Acknowledgements ...... 3 1. Introduction ...... 4 1.1 Circumstances of the Project ...... 4 1.2 Location, Geology, and Topography ...... 4 2. Methodology ...... 6 2.1 Introduction ...... 6 2.2 Desk-Based Assessment ...... 6 2.3 Site Visit ...... 6 2.4 Archive ...... 6 3. Desk-Based Assessment ...... 7 3.1 Map Regression ...... 7 3.2 Site History ...... 8 4. Site Visit ...... 9 4.1 Arrangement and Fabric ...... 9 4.2 External Detail ...... 9 4.3 Internal Detail ...... 11 5. Discussion ...... 20 5.1 Interpretation ...... 20 5.2 Significance ...... 20 6. Bibliography ...... 21 6.1 Primary and Cartographic Sources ...... 21 6.2 Secondary Sources ...... 21 Appendix 1: Listed Building Details ...... 22

Client: Mr and Mrs Wilson © Greenlane Archaeology Ltd, March 2019 2 Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria: Heritage Assessment Illustrations List of Figures Figure 1: Site location ...... 5 List of Plates Plate 1 (left): Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1851 ...... 7 Plate 2 (right): Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1890 ...... 7 Plate 3 (left): Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1913 ...... 7 Plate 4 (right): Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1933 ...... 7 Plate 5: Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1947 ...... 8 Plate 6 (left): The row of properties to the south of Town Close, viewed from the south-east ...... 9 Plate 7 (right): The former bank/shop to the north with the passageway below, viewed from the market place to the north ...... 9 Plate 8: The west external elevation, viewed from the west ...... 10 Plate 9 (left): The east external elevation, viewed from the east ...... 11 Plate 10 (right): The south side of the east external elevation, viewed from the east ...... 11 Plate 11 (left): The doorway in the dividing wall of the cellar, viewed from the south ...... 12 Plate 12 (right): The doorway, window and sink in the south-east corner of the cellar, viewed from the north-west 12 Plate 13: Stairs on the west side of the cellar, viewed from the east ...... 12 Plate 14: Doorways to the north and north-west in the living room, viewed from the south-east ...... 13 Plate 15 (right): Front doorway within the porch in the living room, viewed from the west ...... 14 Plate 16 (left): Window in the east elevation of the living room, viewed from the west ...... 14 Plate 17 (right): Window in the east elevation of the living room with shutters closed, viewed from the west ...... 14 Plate 18 (left): Fireplace on the south side of the living room, viewed from the north ...... 15 Plate 19 (right): Cupboard in the south-east corner of the living room, viewed from the north ...... 15 Plate 20 (left): Doorway with flanking windows in the west side of the living room, viewed from the east ...... 15 Plate 21 (left): Doorway on the south side of the west elevation in the kitchen, viewed from the west ...... 16 Plate 22 (right): Filled gap in the floorboards on the north side of the parlour, viewed from the south ...... 16 Plate 23 (left): Window on the east side of the parlour, viewed from the west ...... 17 Plate 24 (right): Window on the east side of the parlour with the shutters closed, viewed from the west...... 17 Plate 25 (left): Staircase on the west side of the building, viewed from the south-west ...... 18 Plate 26 (right): Window in the east elevation of the southern bedroom, viewed from the west ...... 18 Plate 27 (left): Chimney breast on the south side of the southern bedroom, viewed from the north-west ...... 19 Plate 28 (right): Window in the west elevation of the southern bedroom, viewed from the east ...... 19 Plate 29: Beam along the south side of the northern bedroom, viewed from the north-west ...... 19

Non-Technical Summary Prior to any proposed alterations to Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria, which is a Grade II Listed building, Greenlane Archaeology was commissioned to carry out a heritage assessment. This would examine the known history of the building and therefore be able to inform any future changes that might be made to it. The documentary history of the property is very limited but the Listing suggests that it is likely to be 18th century and the map evidence shows that it was certainly in existence by the beginning of the 19th century. The more detailed maps of the later 19th century onwards show that it formed part of a row of properties extending from a bank to the north and that it was possibly sub-divided in the late 19th century as the garden to the west was split in half. A site visit revealed that the building retained many elements of 18th century date including numerous doors and a cupboard and the east elevation retained its original or very early sliding sash casements and panelled front door below a stone canopy. There was some evidence that the cellar had originally had a second entrance from the yard to the east and so the two halves may have been used separately, although there was no evidence for a second staircase elsewhere in the property. The building had been substantially altered, however, with the replacement of almost all of the original windows and door in the west elevation, the loss of all of the original fireplaces, and the stripping of most of the internal doors and shutters. The house still retains a large number of early or original features despite a number of damaging alterations and represents a good example of a small 18th century house. If had been subdivided it would also represent a rarer example of a small ‘workers’ house in Cartmel, although the lack of documentary evidence makes this difficult to substantiate. Acknowledgements Greenlane Archaeology would like to thank Mr and Mrs Wilson for commissioning the project and Sarah Gerrish at John Coward Architects for her information about the building and help with access for the site visit. Further thanks are also due to the staff of the Cumbria Archive Centre in Barrow-in-Furness for their help with accessing the relevant archive material.

Client: Mr and Mrs Wilson © Greenlane Archaeology Ltd, March 2019 4 Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria: Heritage Assessment 1. Introduction 1.1 Circumstances of the Project 1.1.1 The circumstances of the project are set out in the tables on the inside cover of this report. 1.2 Location, Geology, and Topography 1.2.1 The site is fairly centrally located within the village of Cartmel, less than 30m to the south of the market cross (Figure 1). The priory church, which is visually prominent in the landscape, formed the hub around which Cartmel developed and the village, which is described as ‘exceptional’ and ‘largely unspoilt’, is now protected by Conservation Area status (Countryside Commission 1998, 73). Cartmel is situated approximately 3.5km north-west of Grange-over-Sands to the south of the South Cumbria Low Fells on the northern side of Morecambe Bay (Countryside Commission 1998, 69; Ordnance Survey 2008). 1.2.2 Cartmel is situated on the junction of a complex series of solid geology comprising Bannisdale Slates of Silurian age and carboniferous limestone, covered by thick glacial debris, including deposits of cobbles, pebbles and sandy material (Mitchell 1990, 43; Moseley 1978, plate 1). The site is located to the east of the River Eea, at approximately 30m above sea level (Ordnance Survey 2011); the underlying solid geology in the catchment area to the west of the River is mainly slate, but to the east the deposits are mostly limestone, and deposits of alluvium (soft peaty and clayey soils) are likely to be present closer to the River (Mitchell 1990, figure 2; 1992, figure 1). The River itself was doubtless an important influence on the sourcing of construction material in the area most notably that used in the construction of the Priory (Mitchell 1992, 72-73).

338000 Key: Figure 1: Site location 0 500m © Crown Copyright 2011. All rights reserved. Licence number 100045169. © Crown Copyright 2011. 479000 50m 100045169.100045169. N 0 337750 © Crown Copyright 2019. All rights reserved. Licence number All rights reserved. Licence number All rights reserved. Licence number 100045169. © Crown Copyright 2019. © Crown Copyright 2019. © Crown Copyright 2019. 478750 478750478750 Client: Mr and Mrs Wilson Ltd, March 2019 © Greenlane Archaeology Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria: Heritage Assessment Heritage Cumbria: Cartmel, Close, Town 6 Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria: Heritage Assessment 2. Methodology 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 The heritage assessment is intended to provide a suitable understanding to the building’s history and development in order to be able to discuss its significance. A suitable archive has also been compiled to provide a permanent paper record of the project and its results, also in accordance with CIfA guidelines (CIfA 2014c). 2.2 Desk-Based Assessment 2.2.1 A desk-based assessment was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA 2014a). This principally comprised an examination of early maps of the site and published secondary sources. A number of sources of information were used during the compilation of the desk-based assessment: • Record Office/Archive Centre: the majority of original and secondary sources relating to the site are deposited in the relevant Record Office(s) or Archive Centre(s), as specified in the cover sheet of this report. Of principal importance are early maps of the site. These were examined in order to establish the development of the site, date of any structures present within it, and details of land use, in order to set the site in its historical, archaeological, and regional context. In addition, any details of the site’s owners and occupiers were acquired where available; • Online Resources: where available, mapping such as Ordnance Survey maps and tithe maps were consulted online; • Greenlane Archaeology: Greenlane Archaeology’s office library includes maps, local histories, and unpublished primary and secondary sources. These were consulted where relevant, in order to provide information about the history and archaeology of the site and the general area. 2.3 Site Visit 2.3.1 A brief site visit was carried out, effectively equivalent to a Level 1 archaeological building recording as defined by Historic England (Historic England 2016), and was carried out according to the guidelines of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA 2014b). It comprised the following elements: • Written record: brief descriptive records of all parts of the building were made using Greenlane Archaeology pro forma record sheets; • Photographs: photographs in colour digital format (as both 12meg jpegs and RAW files) were taken of the main features of the building, its general surroundings, and any features of architectural or archaeological interest. A selection of the colour digital photographs is included in this report, and the remaining photographs are in the project archive;

2.4 Archive 2.4.1 The archive, comprising the drawn, written, and photographic record of the building, will be deposited with the relevant Record Office or Archive Centre, as detailed on the cover sheet of this report, together with a copy of the report. The archive has been compiled according to the standards and guidelines of the CIfA guidelines (CIfA 2014c). In addition details will be submitted to the Online AccesS to the Index of archaeological investigationS (OASIS) scheme. This is an internet-based project intended to improve the flow of information between contractors, local authority heritage managers and the general public. A paper copy of the report will be provided to the client and a digital copy of the report will be provided for the relevant Historic Environment Record, as detailed on the cover sheet of this report.

Client: Mr and Mrs Wilson © Greenlane Archaeology Ltd, March 2019 Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria: Heritage Assessment 7 3. Desk-Based Assessment 3.1 Map Regression 3.1.1 Introduction: while there are some early maps of Cartmel these do not show the site in suitable detail. The enclosure map of 1809 (CAC(K) WPR 89 Z3 1809) does show a linear block of buildings similar to that on the first edition Ordnance Survey map but provides no other useful information. The site is not included on Ffoliot’s Plan of 1854, and there is no tithe map for the area. The earliest useful maps are therefore those produced by the Ordnance Survey. 3.1.2 Ordnance Survey, 1851: this is the first edition 1:10,560 scale map, and shows that the site is part of a block of buildings running approximately north/south to the south of the market cross (Plate 1). 3.1.2 Ordnance Survey, 1890: this is the first edition 1:2,500 scale map, and so shows a lot more detail (Plate 2). The site is shown as a distinct block within the range of buildings, with the associated rear garden. There appear to be steps shown outside the front (east) of the building.

Plate 1 (left): Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1851 Plate 2 (right): Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1890 3.1.3 Ordnance Survey, 1913: no change is shown from the previous map (Plate 3). 3.1.4 Ordnance Survey, 1933: no change is shown from the previous map (Plate 4).

Plate 3 (left): Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1913 Plate 4 (right): Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1933

Client: Mr and Mrs Wilson © Greenlane Archaeology Ltd, March 2019 8 Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria: Heritage Assessment 3.1.5 Ordnance Survey, 1947: this map is once again at 1:10,560 scale, and as such shows little detail. It appears that there are no changes since the previous map (Plate 5).

Plate 5: Extract from the Ordnance Survey map of 1947

3.2 Site History 3.2.1 With the exception of the map evidence there is relatively little available information about the property. Its position as part of a larger row of buildings and the lack of a tithe map or suitable information from the 1910 valuation make identifying the owners and occupiers difficult without access to the deeds. It is apparent from the Listing that it is considered likely to be 18th century in date, and this is essentially proven by the fact that it is shown on the enclosure map of 1809, albeit at a very small scale. The listing includes it with the former Martin’s Bank to the north, later Peter Smith’s bookshop and now a dwelling, but there is no specific evidence to assume that Town Close originally formed part of a single building with the bank.

4. Site Visit 4.1 Arrangement and Fabric 4.1.1 Arrangement: the building comprises the north end of a row of properties and is set between the former bank/book shop that faces onto the market place to the north and what appears to be a former coach house to the south (Plate 6), so there is no north or south elevation. The front elevation faces east into a yard behind the former bank/book shop, with access gained via a passage below this from the market place (Plate 7), while the rear elevation faces a small garden to the west. The building is two storeys with an attic, although this could not be accessed at the time of the site visit.

Plate 6 (left): The row of properties to the south of Town Close, viewed from the south-east Plate 7 (right): The former bank/shop to the north with the passageway below, viewed from the market place to the north 4.1.2 Fabric: externally the building is finished with roughcast concrete render. It was not possible to view the roof but it is assumed to be grey slate; there are chimneys at the north and south ends. Internally the walls are finished with plaster and the early timber is hand finished. 4.2 External Detail 4.2.1 West external elevation: the ground floor has and a doorway flanked by windows on the ground floor, all with modern timber casements, and there is a further window at ground floor level to the north with a uPVC casement (Plate 8). On the first floor there is a central stair window of six fixed lights flanked by a single window with two-light hinged timber casements.

Plate 8: The west external elevation, viewed from the west 4.2.2 East external elevation: this is broadly symmetrical and based around a central doorway with a flat stone canopy on stone corbels with railings attached below leading down a short flight of steps to the yard (Plate 9). The door has four fielded panels and two lights in the top. To the south is a further flight of steps leading down to a second doorway at cellar level with a plank and batten door and a small four- light window to the south (Plate 10). The main elevation has two windows on the ground floor each with a stone voussoir arch and 12-light sash casements and there are three windows on the first floor all with sash casements in the same style. All of the windows have square sills probably formed of render.

Plate 9 (left): The east external elevation, viewed from the east Plate 10 (right): The south side of the east external elevation, viewed from the east

4.3 Internal Detail 4.3.1 Cellar: this is split into two sections north and south by a masonry wall, which has a doorway on the east side with a re-used six panel door (Plate 11). On the east side of the north half there is an alcove that was perhaps formerly a doorway, while in the south-east corner there is a doorway to the exterior with plank and batten door and there is a stoneware sink set in the south-east corner below a small four-light window (Plate 12). To the south there is a chimney breast with no evident fireplace. On the west side is a stone staircase leading up to the ground floor (Plate 13). The beams supporting the ceiling are all hand-finished and some are clearly re-used.

Plate 11 (left): The doorway in the dividing wall of the cellar, viewed from the south Plate 12 (right): The doorway, window and sink in the south-east corner of the cellar, viewed from the north-west

Plate 13: Stairs on the west side of the cellar, viewed from the east 4.3.2 Ground floor: this has been divided into three rooms, a large living room across the south side, a kitchen to the south-west, and a small parlour to the north-west. All of the rooms have wide

Client: Mr and Mrs Wilson © Greenlane Archaeology Ltd, March 2019 Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria: Heritage Assessment 13 floorboards, with evidence for a stud partition on the west side of the living room, and the beams supporting the ceiling are hand finished and scored for plaster. The living room has two doorways on the north side both with six fielded panels that have been stripped of paint, with L-shaped hinges on the north-east one (Plate 14). The east elevation has a stud wall on the north side with a modern door leading into a porch. Within this the front door has four panels and two lights and is hung on long strap hinges (Plate 15). To the south of this is a window with fielded panel shutters, which have also been stripped of paint, supported by H-shaped hinges and with similar panelling around the window seat (Plate 16 and Plate 17). The south elevation has a central fireplace with a modern fire surround with tiled insert and hearth (Plate 18). To the east is a cupboard built into an alcove with fielded panel doors on H- shaped hinges that have been stripped of paint (Plate 19). At the west end of the living room there is doorway flanked by a pair of windows, both of which have modern timber casements and the doorway is also modern timber and glazed (Plate 20). The west elevation has a modern glazed timber doorway on the north side flanked by windows in the same style, with a return to the north at the stairs, which are accessed by a doorway which is an early six panel door with the scar of an L-shaped hinge, the upper four panels of which have been glazed.

Plate 14: Doorways to the north and north-west in the living room, viewed from the south-east

Plate 15 (right): Front doorway within the porch in the living room, viewed from the west

Plate 16 (left): Window in the east elevation of the living room, viewed from the west Plate 17 (right): Window in the east elevation of the living room with shutters closed, viewed from the west

Plate 18 (left): Fireplace on the south side of the living room, viewed from the north Plate 19 (right): Cupboard in the south-east corner of the living room, viewed from the north

Plate 20 (left): Doorway with flanking windows in the west side of the living room, viewed from the east

Client: Mr and Mrs Wilson © Greenlane Archaeology Ltd, March 2019 16 Town Close, Cartmel, Cumbria: Heritage Assessment 4.3.2 The kitchen has been extensively modernised with fitted units against most of the wall space. There is a window on the west side with a two-light uPVC casement and a doorway to the south of this leading to the cellar with an early door with two raised panels and L-shaped hinges (Plate 21). The parlour to the east is fairly plain. There is filled section in the floorboards against the north side, presumably denoting the location of a hearth for a fireplace (Plate 22), and a window to the east in the same style as that in the living room but with the shutters still painted (Plate 23 and Plate 24).

Plate 21 (left): Doorway on the south side of the west elevation in the kitchen, viewed from the west Plate 22 (right): Filled gap in the floorboards on the north side of the parlour, viewed from the south

Plate 23 (left): Window on the east side of the parlour, viewed from the west Plate 24 (right): Window on the east side of the parlour with the shutters closed, viewed from the west 4.3.3 First floor: this is also sub-divided into three main rooms with a landing off the west side connecting to the stairs within which is a hatch to the attic that was not accessible at the time of the site visit. The stairs are lit by a tall window of six lights while the stairs have a stripped timber banister with a moulded handrail with square newels with flat tops and turned balusters (Plate 25). The majority of the rooms are finished with carpets and finished with plaster and wall paper and a moulded dado rail and beaded skirting board in the two bedrooms at either end. Within the southern bedroom the north elevation is a plain stud partition with a doorway on the west side with a door with six raised panels that has been stripped and has modern hinges. The east elevation has a window with a 12-light sliding sash casement and a window seat with fielded panelling around (Plate 26). The south elevation has a chimney breast on the south side but no obvious fireplace (Plate 27), while the west has a window with a modern six-light hinged casement (Plate 28). There is a hand-finished beam along the north side of the room. The central bathroom is modernised and finished with tiles, with a window with a 12-light sliding sash casement to the east and doorway with a six-panel door to the west. The northern bedroom is largely plain, but has windows in the west and east elevations as per those in the southern bedroom and a doorway to the south with six panels that have been stripped of paint. There is single beam against the south elevation, which is hand-finished and scored for plaster (Plate 29).

Plate 25 (left): Staircase on the west side of the building, viewed from the south-west Plate 26 (right): Window in the east elevation of the southern bedroom, viewed from the west

Plate 27 (left): Chimney breast on the south side of the southern bedroom, viewed from the north-west Plate 28 (right): Window in the west elevation of the southern bedroom, viewed from the east

Plate 29: Beam along the south side of the northern bedroom, viewed from the north-west

5. Discussion 5.1 Interpretation 5.1.1 It is apparent from the documentary evidence that a building existed on this site from at least 1809, with the Listing suggesting it is 18th century. The site visit was able to confirm that the building is indeed likely to be early 18th century in origin with the form of items such as the H and L-shaped hinges and the panelled doors being consistent with this date (Alcock and Hall 2002, 18 and 25). There is some evidence that the cellar of the house was split in half at one time with a separate cellar access into the northern half, although there is no evidence for whether this continued into the rest of the house such as a second staircase. Without further more detailed building recording with proper plans this sort of detail would be difficult to ascertain. 5.1.2 The building has seen some fairly substantial alterations more recently both internally and externally, some of which are likely to have occurred after the building was first listed in 1970 (see Appendix 1). The most substantial of these are found in the west elevation, which has been almost entirely re-fenestrated with modern timber windows and doors and one in uPVC. Internally the most noteworthy alteration has been the loss of all of the original fireplaces, with one being replaced with the modern fireplace in the ground floor living room. Throughout the majority of the original doors have been retained as well as the original shutters and the cupboard in the ground floor living room, although these have invariably been stripped of their original paint. Some later doors have been added in the ground floor living room to improve insulation around the front door and stairs. 5.2 Significance 5.2.1 While much altered the building retains a number of early or original features including the internal doors and main front door and the windows to the south, which form an important part of the façade of the property. Unfortunately the west elevation has had almost all of its windows and its single door replaced with inappropriate modern casements, in some cases very recently. The stripping of the paint from the original internal doors and window shutters is also inappropriate for such historic features and the loss of the fireplaces and a replacement of the living room one with a poor imitation is unfortunate. 5.2.2 If the building had been split into two cottages during the late 19th century it would represent an interesting example of a small scale ‘workers’ cottage, something that is perhaps underrepresented in Cartmel. As it is it comprises a very good example of a small 18th century cottage of the wider region.

6. Bibliography 6.1 Primary and Cartographic Sources CAC(K) WPR 89 Z3, 1809 Plan of Ancient Inclosures in the Division of Upper Holker and Part of the Allotments Within the Parish of Cartmel Ordnance Survey, 1851 Lancashire 17, 1:10,560, surveyed 1847-1848 Ordnance Survey, 1890 Lancashire XVII.3, 1:2,500, surveyed 1889 Ordnance Survey, 1913 Lancashire XVII.3, 1:2,500, revised 1910 Ordnance Survey, 1933 Lancashire XVII.3, 1:2,500, surveyed 1932 Ordnance Survey, 1947 Lancashire XVII.NE, 1:10,560, revised 1938 Ordnance Survey, 2011 The English Lakes South-Eastern Area: Windermere, Kendal and Silverdale, OL7, 1:25,000 6.2 Secondary Sources Alcock, NW, and Hall, L, 2002 Fixtures and Fittings in Dated Houses 1567-1763, CBA Practical Handbook in Archaeology 11, 3rd edn, York Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA), 2014a Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk- Based Assessment, revised edn, Reading CIfA, 2014b Standards and Guidance for the Archaeological Investigation and Recording of Standing Buildings or Structures, revised edn, Reading CIfA, 2014c Standard and Guidance for the Creation, Compilation, Transfer and Deposition of Archaeological Archives, revised edn, Reading Countryside Commission, 1998 Countryside Character, Volume 2: North West, Cheltenham Ffoliott, W, 1854 Cartmel Parish and Parish Church, London Historic England, 2016 Understanding Historic Buildings: A Guide to Good Recording Practice, no location Mitchell, M, 1990 Lake Cartmel – A Post-Glacial Lake and its Probable Effect on the Buildings at Cartmel Priory, The Amateur Geologist, 13:2, 43-49 Mitchell, M, 1992 Cartmel Priory Building Stones – A Historical Account, The North West Geologist, 2, 65-75 Moseley, F. (ed), 1978 The Geology of the Lake District, Yorkshire Geological Society, occ publ 3, Leeds

Appendix 1: Listed Building Details BANK COURT P SMITH'S BOOKSHOP TOWN CLOSE, WITH DECORATIVE COBBLED PAVING Heritage Category: Listed Building Grade: II List Entry Number: 1087173 Date first listed: 25-Mar-1970 Date of most recent amendment: 15-Feb-1989 Statutory Address: BANK COURT, THE SQUARE Statutory Address: P SMITH'S BOOKSHOP, THE SQUARE Statutory Address: TOWN CLOSE, WITH DECORATIVE COBBLED PAVING, THE SQUARE County: Cumbria District: South Lakeland (District Authority) Parish: Lower Allithwaite National Grid Reference: SD 37820 78753 Details LOWER ALLITHWAITE THE SQUARE SD 3778 (South side) Cartmel 8/106 P. Smith's bookshop 25.3.70 and Bank Court (formerly listed as Martins Bank) and Town Close, with decorative cobbled paving G.V. II Shop and 2 houses. Early and late C18. Roughcast stone with slate roof. 2 storeys, one bay. Ground floor has C20 bow window recessed in opening; 1st floor has 4-light casement. 2 cross- axial stacks. Entrance to left return in entry to National Westminster Bank (q.v.). Rear has segmental- headed windows, sashed with glazing bars and entrance up steps with bracketed canopy and 6-fielded- panel door. Town Close adjacent to left of 3 bays; sashed windows with glazing bars, those to ground floor segmental headed; entrance has bracketed canopy and 6-fielded-panel door. Patterned cobbled paving to front.

Listing NGR: SD3782078753