Family names from the Katalin Nagy University of Rome – Roma Tre northern Italian dialects [email protected] in Hungarian [email protected] 1. The formation of the surname/family name in Hungarian: “Personal names are products of social development. They correctly show us the persistent change of society. Name offers us lot of information about the person and his collectivity, which sometimes can not be investigated by using other methods. Personal names denote the origin, individual features, and profession of people, as well as language and culture of their community.” (Gulyás 2014: 1728). • In Finno-Ugric languages the adjective precedes the name. For this reason, the surname precedes the name in Hungarian onomastic structure (Kertész 1913: 289). As a matter of fact, the earliest Hungarian documents already show a tendency to put the surname in the first position. However, one cannot define it as an actual surname. It is rather an apposition aiming at describing the name; so, for instance, in order to precise that the referent is the “son of anybody”. In Latin texts we can notice the same word order as well. 1335, Q 312 / SZERDAHELY 1 1 DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Kincstári levéltárból (E) • MKA, Acta Paulinorum (Q 312) 1358, Q 334 / F 7 DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Erdélyi országos kormányhatósági levéltárakból (F) • GYKOL, Centuriae (Q 334)

Endre fia Miklós • In Finno-Ugric languages and in Hungarian as well the surname which indicates an artisan’s denomination or the trade’s denomination is situated after the name: • János kovács. • In such a case the person's name is the adjective of the trade name which determines the artisan we are talking about (Kertész 1913: 292). On the other hand, in case one wanted to specify between two people who have the same name, and, let us suppose that the former was a priest and the latter a blacksmith, then the name of the trade goes before the name: • Pap János, • Kovács János (Kertész 1913: 292). When children began to be identified though the hereditary surname, this became a denotative label, losing its etymological motivation and transparency.

“Szakach Bálintot haza bocsátottam hozzád, hogy legyen mégis, édes szívem, ki kedved szerínt főzzön (Thurzó Lev. 1: 79 – 1600)” (Kertész 1913: 292).

(Chef Bálint, Bálint's son already had the surname ‘chef’ to conserve his father's trade). “Next important change was about in the middle or in the end of the fifteenth Century, when these last names or surnames started to convert to real family names, and after that children used the same name as their fathers. However, the accurate time of its formation is indeterminable (Bárczi, 1956, 149; Mező, 1970, 35 and Hajdú, 2003, 324). Of course, these new type of names usually did not show us the real features of bearers, and so we have to be very careful in case of doing historical investigation by them” (Gulyás 2014: 1729). 2. Typology of family names from 1300 a) Filius word + fathers name in Genitive structure “Anthonius filius Petow” (1362) “Georgius Bothfya” (1300) “Bartholomeus Stanislai” (1500) “Stephanus Mathe” (1500) (Gulyás 2014: 1729).

The construction in genitive goes into disuse. b) The surname formed by the name of a place is also used in Hungary in this period from 1500:

“The most typical is the name contains de preposition: Michael de Zerencz, Michael de Zalaczka. Another frequent variation, if the Hungarian -i (or in medieval Hungarian writing practice: -y or -j) formative connects to the end of the place name, but the Latin preposition remains: Emericus de Saaray. Later, the Latin de preposition also disappeared: Andreas Lelezy.” (Gulyás 2014: 1729) c) Surnames created from artisan’s denomination 1300-1500:

“Valentinus carpentarius” “Matheus dictus Molnar” “Simon Zabo” (Gulyás 2014: 1730). 3. Four family names from the northern Italian dialects in Hungarian: • The relationship between Italian and Hungarian dates back to the spread of Christianity to thirteenth century. Moreover, the two nations had different trade relations and exchanges of populations. For this reason, some Italians lived in Hungary and Hungarian soldiers stationed in the northern Italian territories. Hungarian had more contacts with northern Italian dialects rather than with Italian. • At present, there are about 1000 linguistic loans of Italian origin in Hungarian, favoured by Italian-Hungarian contacts. The loans were recently collected in a single volume by Fábián - Szabó (2010). • Such a research led to a list of loans from northern Italian dialects which amounts to 70-80 items. 3. Four family names from the northern Italian dialects in Hungarian: Katona ‘soldier’ around 1560, from the Italian linguistic loan cattano 'feudal lord' change (tt > t reflects a northern origin); Lugosi (1284) from the lug, log, lugo, logo ‘place’, various northern dialects; Parti (1227) from the Italian dialects pôrt romagnolo; port, ferrarese, bolognese, mantovano ‘port’; Tímár (1193) from the triestino tomara, romagnolo tọmāra, mantovano tmera, bolognese tmara ‘a craftsman who works leather for shoes’; Révész from the noun rév ‘port’ which derives from the Venetian dialect. 4. The family name: Katona katona: I/934 ÚMESz (GERSTNER, Károly (edited by), Új Magyar Etimológiai Szótár (New Etymological Dictionary of the Hungarian language) (being published), URL: http://nszt.nytud.hu/etimologia.html [ultimo accesso 15.08.2018]. «katona A: 1273 k. Kathana szn. (ÁÚO. 12: 69) [csak EWUng.]; 1394 Kathona szn. (NytudÉrt. 68: 102); 1436 katanam [lat végződéssel] (OklSz.); 1598 Kattona szn. (OklSz.); 1872 katuna (Nyr. 1: 417); nyj. kotona (ÚMTsz.) J: 1. 1436 ? ’valamely vitéz fegyveres szolgája; Statthalter, Landvogt’ (↑), 1533 ’ua.’ (Murm. 2291) [csak EWUng.]; 2. 1560 k. ’[?]; bewaffneter Begleiter eines Adeligen im Kriege’ (GyöngySzt. 3489.); 3. 1579 ’(nehéz fegyverzetű) lovas; (schwerbewaffneter) Reiter’ (NyK. 50: 165); 4. 1741 ’a fegyveres erő kötelékébe tartozó személy; Angehörigereines Heeres’ # (NyK. 50: 168); 5. 1844/ ’a fegyveres erő rendfokozat nélküli; Soldat ohne Dienstgrad’ # (NSz. – Petőfi: ÖM. 1: 230); 6. 1881 ’erős rágókkal felfegyverzett, elkorcsosult ivarszervű nőstény hangya; Soldat bei Ameisen, Termiten usw’ (MagyLex. Hangyák); 7. 1897 ’keresztfa a zsúpfedél ormán; Querholz am First des Strohdaches als Windschutz’ (Ethn. 8: 100); 8. 1900 ’fapecek mint a fonalgombolyító része; Holzstift als Bestandteil der Garnwinde’ (ÚMTsz.); 9. 1905 ’levágatlanul maradt fű- vagy gabonaszál; ungeschnitten gebliebener Gras- od Getreidehalm’ (NyF. 17: 35); 10. 1957 ’kockára vágott kenyérdarabka a rátett kis szelet szalonnával együtt; Happen, Häppchen’ (SzegSz. szalonnakatona) Sz: ~ság 1456 k. Katonaʃaghoth ’katonai szolgálat; Militärdienst’ (SermDom. 2: 474); 1741 ’hadsereg; Militär’ (NyK. 50: 168) | ~´s 1631 katonás (TudTár. 1838. 3: 301) | ~i 1759 Katonai (NSz. – Fáber: Hade emb. 143)». Katona < Cattano “Cattaneo Capitani *Captano Origin: Nickname for military service or profession. Etymology and meaning: From the late Latin: căpitānĕus: "captain", "commander". From the origin căput: ‘head’, căpitānĕus is contracted in captănĕus and by assimilation p-t in cattāneus. Căput is a common etymon to other surnames. Variations and main derivatives: From the original form * Capitano: Capitàneo, Capitani, Capitànio, Capitano, Capitanicci, Cattànei, Cattani, Cattànio ... Cattàneo and typical variants prevail in the Center-North (but also in that of Naples), while in the Center-South the Captani variants”(Francipane 2005: 63-64). Other possible forms:

Cataneo (without accent)

Catàneo < Cattàneo, Catanèo < Catània.

(Francipane 2005: 63-64).

1441-1450, Q 252 / 255 DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Családi levéltárak (P szekcióból) • Ocskay család (Q 252)

Nicolao Kathona 1461, Q 320 / DOBOKA M 38 DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Erdélyi országos kormányhatósági levéltárakból (F) • KKOL, Cista comitatuum (Q 320)

in kathana 1520, Q 22 / 266 C DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Családi levéltárak (P szekcióból) • Balassa család (Q 22)

Kathana Mátyás Conclusion

• Cattano “feudal lord who had a castell” it was in use particularly in Tuscany, in the Emilia, in Milan, in Asti between the tenth and thirteenth centuries • The relationship between Italian and Hungarian dates back to the spread of Christianity to 1300. Moreover, the two nations had different trade relations and exchanges of populations, for which some Italians lived in Hungary and Hungarian soldiers stationed in the northern Italian territories. • As for the Hungarian language, the first form of the surname Katona is the Kathana, Kathona from the thirteenth century. • Kathana was a family name from 1386: Filiorum Kathana (ZalaOKl. II.209), and then we try many same nomes in documents Hungarian: from 1418: Benedicto Kathana (uo. VI. 512), from 1423: Ladislao Kathona (Lelesy Acta 43,72), from 1426: Demetrio Kathona (uo. 11818) (Szamota 1867-1895). • We can suppose that the Italian surname Cataneo could have come into use in the Hungarian language directly as a Family name Kathana > Katona, from this point of view, it could be one of the oldest surnames in the Hungarian language. References

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