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Hungary (Magyarország)
CLASSROOM COUNTRY PROFILES Hungary (Magyarország) The name “Hungary” is adapted from Hungaria, the Medieval Latin term derived by writers from the name of the people (H) ungari or ungri. Hungarians call their country Magyarország, derived from Magyars which likely refers to the most promi- nent Hungarian tribe known as the “Megyer “. King Stephen I (997-1038), defeated various tribes, implementing Christiani- ty, and ultimately founding the Hungarian state. After WWII, Hungary fell into the Soviet sphere. In 1956, Hungarians tried to put an end to Soviet control. Although their attempt was QUICK FACTS unsuccessful, the communist government made some con- Population: 10 million cessions and eventually collapsed in 1989. Area: slightly smaller than Indiana RELIGION Capital: Budapest (1.74 million) The majority (60%) of the population identifies with the Roman Catholic Languages: Hungarian (official) 90%, German 2.5 Church, 20% with the Reformed Church, and 3% belongs to the Evan- %, Serbian 2 %, Romani (Gypsy) 4 %, Slovak 0.8 gelical-Lutheran Church. Much of the country’s Jewish population was %, Romanian 0.7%. driven off or killed during the WWII Holocaust. A small Jewish communi- ty lives in Budapest and is religiously active. Many Hungarians are not religiously affiliated. EDUCATION Hungary has a free and compulsory 10-grade edu- ETHNICITY cation system for ages 6-16. Most continue to 18, Magyar or Hungarian implies a nationality, ethnicity or language alt- graduating high school with a diploma. After gym- hough not all citizens are ethnic Hungarians. While Hungarians make up 8.4 million of the population, there is a sizeable Roma minority. -
1000-1100 Years Ago… Hungary in the Carpathian Basin
1000-1100 years ago… Hungary in the Carpathian Basin 1000-1100 years ago… Hungary in the Carpathian Basin Edited by Lajos Gubcsi PhD Budapest, 2011 Published by MoD Zrínyi Média Ltd, Budapest The MoD Zrínyi Média Ltd is a company wholly owned ontents by the Hungarian Ministry of Defence. C Edited by Lajos Gubcsi PhD The text draws on a historical analysis by Lajos Négyesi and László Veszprémy. Árpád, Father of all the Hungarians. The Hungarian Conquest in 896 9 The conquest in 895–896 16 Translated by Alan Campbell The Battle at Pressburg in 907 33 Typeset by Katalin Gáspár The Military and Political Background to the Battle 35 Designed by Attila László Dani The Battle of Pressburg and the Hungarian military 43 The war of 907: a textbook example of early Hungarian warfare 48 The outcome on the Hungarian side 59 European Expeditions of Hungarian Army in Tenth Century 63 St Stephen 79 Wars of consolidation 83 German–Hungarian war 86 ISBN 978-963-327-515-3 © MoD Zrínyi Média Ltd, 2011 General manager: Lajos Gubcsi PhD © Alan Campbell, 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. The jacket illustration shows Sándor Györfi’s bronze equestrian statue of Attila, King of the Huns – Etele page 3: Sword of Attila – Hungarian metalwork, 11th century, Museum of Fine Arts, Vienna page 4: The Seven Tribal Chiefs, Viennese Illuminated Chronicle here are few European states which have been in existence and constantly Tmaintained their statehood for 1100 years. -
Hungary Since 1989
C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP/578174/WORKINGFOLDER/RME/9780521888103C10.3D 204 [204–232] 10.10.2009 6:02PM 10 Hungary since 1989 ANDRÁS BOZÓKI AND ESZTER SIMON Located in East-Central Europe, Hungary has often found itself at a crossroads of political influences of greater powers as well as of different cultures. Although Hungary enjoyed independence for centuries in its early history, the experience of foreign domination over the last five centuries is one of the defining features of Hungarian public consciousness. Most notably, Hungary was under the control of the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth century, the Habsburgs in the eighteenth, nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, and the Soviet Union from 1945 until the regime change in 1989. Therefore, Hungarians had to master the techniques of survival under foreign domination.1 They learned how to operate informally, under and within formal, rigid rules, which represented the interests of the dominant foreign power. Nonetheless, during its twentieth-century history, Hungary made some genuine albeit short-lived attempts to achieve democracy. First, there was the brief liberal-democratic government of Count Mihály Károlyi in late 1918. A second attempt was made during the semi-democratic coalition government between 1945 and 1947. Finally, Hungary operated as a democracy for twelve remarkable days during the anti-totalitarian revolution of October 1956. The Hungarian revolution was internally successful but was crushed by the inter- vention of the Soviet Red Army. These shining moments of recent Hungarian history cannot hide the fact that throughout the twentieth century Hungary enjoyed democracy for one decade only, the 1990s. -
The Lacus Pelso in the Roman Age the Lake Balaton and the Hydrography of the Balaton-Highland
The Lacus Pelso in the Roman Age The Lake Balaton and the Hydrography of the Balaton-Highland Anett Firnigl Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Garden Art 29-43 Villányi Street H-1118 Hungary [email protected] Abstract. The protection of the monuments of the Roman Age is the object of the safeguarding of the highest importance, after all they could be account the first ancient civilization, which enroached consciously to the central european landscape, and basically changed that. They built cities, villages, villas, stone-houses, road network, and in several places high-leaded water-conduits, and they also felled forests, and drained moorlands for example at the Lake Balaton. The Roman villa The Roman legions appeared in the Hungarian Transdanubia at the beginning of the 1st century A.D. They organized Pannonia Province, which became a very important borderland of the Roman Empire. They built cities, villages, villas, roads, and in several places high- leaded water-conduits (so-called aquaeductus), and they also felled forests, and drained moorlands. The Production of the Roman villas gave the great mass of the agricultural and commercial background of the Province. The Roman villa was a cultivation and stock-raising adapted farm unit: it was a collection of farming- and dwelling-houses, which included the several farm buildings, the houses of the land-livings and the owner’s house often as comfortable as an urban one. Estates (named fundus) always belonged to the villas. The traces of the villa are hardly visible on the surface, but then under the surface bears not only small finds, but also the tarces of so a new agricultural technologies, which were established from the Roman Empire. -
Final Program
INES 2021 TECHNICAL PROGRAM Zoom link: https://zoom.us/j/98679759546 (CEST time zone) July 7, 2021, Wednesday 9:00 – 9:30 Opening Ceremony Prof. Dr. Levente Kovács Prof. Dr. Imre J. Rudas Dr. Tamás Haidegger 9:30 – 10:50 [W1] Session on Intelligent Transportation System Session Chair: Andres Udal 9:30 Adversarial Autoencoder for Trajectory Generation and Maneuver Classification Oliver Rakos, Tamas Becsi, Szilard Aradi Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary 9:50 Generalized Location-based Linear Model for Overhead Wires Network Planning for Battery-assisted Trolleybuses Dobroslav Grygar, Michal Kohani University of Zilina, Zilina, Slovakia 10:10 Traffic Congestion Phenomena when Motorway Meets Urban Road Network Xuan Fang, Tamás Tettamanti Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary 10:30 Phase Plane-based Approaches for Event Detection and Plausibility Check of Vehicle Dynamics János Kontos*,**, Ágnes Vathy-Fogarassy*, Balázs Kránicz** * University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary ** Continental Automotive Hungary Ltd., Veszprém, Hungary 1 10:50 – 11:00 Break 11:00 – 13:20 [W2] Session on Intelligent Mechatronics and Robotics Systems Session Chairs: Péter Galambos and Tamás Haidegger 11:00 Proposal of an Autonomous Vehicle Control Architecture Claudiu Radu Pozna*,**, Csaba Antonya* *Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania **Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary 11:20 A Trajectory Control Method for a Strongly Underactuated Spherical Underwater Surveillance Robot Igor Astrov, -
THE EFFECT of FIDESZ FAMILY POLICY and SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS on FERTILITY in HUNGARY James R. Hepburn a Thesis Submitted To
THE EFFECT OF FIDESZ FAMILY POLICY AND SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ON FERTILITY IN HUNGARY James R. Hepburn A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Global Studies (Russian, Eurasian, and East European Studies Concentration) in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2020 Approved by: Klara Sabirianova Peter Graeme B. Robertson Boone A. Turchi © 2020 James R. Hepburn ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT James R. Hepburn: The Effect of Fidesz Family Policy and Socioeconomic Factors on Fertility in Hungary (Under the direction of Klara Peter) This study evaluates the impact of expansions to family policy by the political party Fidesz on fertility in Hungary since 2010 and tests the effects of key socioeconomic and cultural characteristics on fertility in Central and Eastern Europe. To do so, we estimate difference in differences linear regression and Probit models for the recent birth of a child in households in 10 Central and Eastern European countries from 2002-18, and a Poisson model for the number of children given birth to by women in a subsample of these countries for 2006 and 2018. We introduce a partial theory of choice that provides an exhaustive set of mutually exclusive ways a person can choose to have a child to develop novel hypotheses. We find the policies modestly increased fertility initially but later had no significant effect, and that Roman Catholic, more traditional and less pleasure-seeking individuals tended to have more children. -
Hungarian Prehistory Series
Hungarian Prehistory Series The Hungarians moved to their later homeland, the Carpathian basin at the end of the ninth century. Prior to this period they lived in the western part of the southern Russian steppe as vassals of the Khazar Kaghanate. The ethnic envi- ronment of the Kaghanate had a great impact on the ethnogenesis of the Hun- garians as testified by the numerous Turkic and Iranian loan words as well as the art, the military and the political structure of the Hungarians in the period of the conquest. Therefore, from the point of view of Hungarian prehistory, it is crucial to be familiar with the history of the nomadic peoples, that is, with the "oriental background." The Hungarian Prehistory Series, launched in 1990, aimed to pub- lish source editions, collected papers and monographs in connection with the history of the Eurasian steppe. It includes historical, linguistical and archaeologi- cal studies. The Department of Medieval World History (University of Szeged) has played an active role in the publication of the series since 1994. The published volumes of the series until 2000 are the following: Vol. 1. Őstörténet és nemzettudat 1919-1931. [Prehistory and the National Con- sciousness.] Ed. Eva Kineses Nagy, Szeged 1991. Vol. 2. Sándor, Klára, A Bolognai Rovásemlék. [The Runic Inscription of Bologna.] Szeged 1991. Vol. 3. Szűcs, Jenő, A magyar nemzeti tudat kialakulása. [The Formation of Hungar- ian National Consciousness.] Ed. István Zimonyi, Szeged 1992. Vol. 4. Rovásírás a Kárpát-medencében. [Runic Scripts in the Carpathian Basin.] Ed. Klára Sándor, Szeged 1992. Vol. 5. Szádeczky-Kardoss, Samu, Az avar történelem forrásai. -
Mapic Insight
mapic insight THE 23RD EDITION OF MAPIC WILL TAKE PLACE ACROSS THREE DAYS DURING 15-17 NOVEMBER AT THE PALAIS DES FESTIVALS IN CANNES, ONCE AGAIN OFFERING THE INTERNATIONAL Courses RETAIL REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY AN OPPORTUNITYTO LEARN ABOUT THE LATEST TRENDS IN THE INDUSTRY, SPARK of Retail DEALS AND EXPAND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES. m DREAM ISLAND, MOSCOW, RUSSIA DEVELOPER: REGIONS GROUP ince 1995, MAPIC has been the premier event Food services are largely transforming shopping centres MAPIC 2017 Set to Entertain for industry professionals. Organised by Reed into convivial lifestyle venues. Media companies, film and video game specialists are MIDEM.this edition will feature more than 8,500 The point of sale experience is a vital element in disrupting leisure offerings in shopping centres through participants from across the international retail persuading consumers to go out rather than buy online. partnerships with various commercial real estate Sreal estate sector. For ultra-connected clients, the shopping experience players.The entertainment leader and top international With an extensive exhibition zone set to be on and its associated human encounters are more video game publisher Ubisoft will be taking part in a site, and with two days featuring more than 100 important than the product itself. As a result, traditional panel session during the event to discuss the growing retail conferences, keynote addresses and networking shopping centres are transforming into social sites for concept of the "Family Entertainment Centre". events featuring more than 200 industry experts, meeting others and leisure activities where people This concept is now offering a leisure attraction and MAPIC gives its attendees a chance like no other to come to spend the day. -
A Concise History of Hungary
A Concise History of Hungary MIKLÓS MOLNÁR Translated by Anna Magyar published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, cb2 2ru, UnitedKingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org Originally publishedin French as Histoire de la Hongrie by Hatier Littérature Générale 1996 and© Hatier Littérature Générale First publishedin English by Cambridge University Press 2001 as A Concise History of Hungary Reprinted 2003 English translation © Cambridge University Press 2001 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception andto the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. Printedin the UnitedKingdomat the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Monotype Sabon 10/13 pt System QuarkXPress™ [se] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library isbn 0 521 66142 0 hardback isbn 0 521 66736 4 paperback CONTENTS List of illustrations page viii Acknowledgements xi Chronology xii 1 from the beginnings until 1301 1 2 grandeur and decline: from the angevin kings to the battle of mohács, 1301–1526 41 3 a country under three crowns, 1526–1711 87 4 vienna and hungary: absolutism, reforms, revolution, 1711–1848/9 139 5 rupture, compromise and the dual monarchy, 1849–1919 201 6 between the wars 250 7 under soviet domination, 1945–1990 295 8 1990, a new departure 338 Bibliographical notes 356 Index 357 ILLUSTRATIONS plates 11. -
Eastern Europe Industrial Footwear in Hungary
. Market Research – Eastern Europe Industrial footwear in Hungary .......... Proexport – Colombia Equipo de Trabajo Dirección de Información Comercial Jorge Luis Gutiérrez – Director Fernando Piñeros – Subdirector Proyectos Especiales Bibiana Gutiérrez – Analista de Inteligencia de Mercados [email protected] www.proexport.gov.co www.proexport.com.co Calle 28 No. 13ª – 15, Piso 35 Tel: (571) 5600100 Fax: (571) 5600118 Bogotá, Colombia GRUPO CONSULTOR EUNITE, Nederland Todos los derechos reservados. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este documento puede reproducirse o transmitirse por ningún procedimiento electrónico o mecánico, incluyendo fotocopias, impresión o grabación. Estimado Empresario: La búsqueda de acuerdos comerciales que nos permitan como país ampliar los escenarios y mercados de exportación, nos reta como PROEXPORT a apoyar en forma directa a los empresarios en sus iniciativas exportadoras, ofreciendo servicios dentro de un modelo del gestión comercial y compartiendo un conocimiento más detallado sobre los mercados y sus oportunidades. Para lograr lo anterior, PROEXPORT, con inversión de recursos propios y de cooperación técnica no-reembolsables del BID-FOMIN, emprendió una labor de recolección y análisis de información de primera mano en los principales mercados de interés a través de la contratación de consultorías internacionales especializadas en investigaciones de mercados. Los resultados de estos trabajos permitieron analizar y conocer la dinámica comercial de los sectores en los cuales existe un potencial para nuestras -
VIENNA Cushman & Wakefield Global Cities Retail Guide
VIENNA Cushman & Wakefield Global Cities Retail Guide Cushman & Wakefield | 2019 0 Vienna’s historic role as the centre of the Austro-Hungarian Empire has left the nation with an overly large capital city, where a fifth of the population of the country resides. As a consequence of its proximity to Bratislava (Slovakia) and Brno (Czech Republic) Vienna benefits from shopping tourism. On Christmas season weekends, up to 200,000 shopping tourists from neighbouring countries come to Vienna. In 2018, as in the past 8 years, Vienna ranks at the top of a leading international comparative study on the quality of living in different cities, and scores highly in many other rankings. Tourism is extremely strong in Vienna and is relatively unaffected by seasonal fluctuations. In 2018 the number of overnight stays hit a new record high of 16.48 million, and the number of tourists with high purchasing power, in particular from Asia, is increasing. The principal tourist attractions in the city are within the central ring road and surround the prime retail area. Living costs are relatively high in Vienna and this is reflected in the above-average wage levels among those employed there. It is not a place for cheap shopping but does offer numerous elegant shops and quality products. There is an increasing concentration of new luxury brands and flagship stores in the city centre. Some shopping VIENNA streets have risen in attractiveness. City shopping centres have been developed at railway stations, although the city centre is facing more competition from retail parks and OVERVIEW shopping centres on the periphery. -
Explaining Irredentism: the Case of Hungary and Its Transborder Minorities in Romania and Slovakia
Explaining irredentism: the case of Hungary and its transborder minorities in Romania and Slovakia by Julianna Christa Elisabeth Fuzesi A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Government London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2006 1 UMI Number: U615886 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615886 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is entirely my own. Signature Date ....... 2 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Abstract of Thesis Author (full names) ..Julianna Christa Elisabeth Fiizesi...................................................................... Title of thesis ..Explaining irredentism: the case of Hungary and its transborder minorities in Romania and Slovakia............................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................... Degree..PhD in Government............... This thesis seeks to explain irredentism by identifying the set of variables that determine its occurrence. To do so it provides the necessary definition and comparative analytical framework, both lacking so far, and thus establishes irredentism as a field of study in its own right. The thesis develops a multi-variate explanatory model that is generalisable yet succinct.