DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethnic and Linguistic Context of Identity: Finno-Ugric Minorities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ethnic and Linguistic Context of Identity: Finno-Ugric Minorities ETHNIC AND LINGUISTIC CONTEXT OF IDENTITY: FINNO-UGRIC MINORITIES Uralica Helsingiensia5 Ethnic and Linguistic Context of Identity: Finno-Ugric Minorities EDITED BY RIHO GRÜNTHAL & MAGDOLNA KOVÁCS HELSINKI 2011 Riho Grünthal, Magdolna Kovács (eds): Ethnic and Linguistic Context of Identity: Finno-Ugric Minorities. Uralica Helsingiensia 5. Contents The articles in this publication are based on presentations given at the sympo- sium “Ethnic and Linguistic Context of Identity: Finno-Ugric Minorities” held at the University of Helsinki in March, 2009. Layout, cover Anna Kurvinen Riho Grünthal & Magdolna Kovács Cover photographs Riho Grünthal Introduction 7 Map on page 269 Arttu Paarlahti Maps on pages 280, 296, and 297 Anna Kurvinen Johanna Laakso Being Finno-Ugrian, Being in the Minority ISBN 978-952-5667-28-8 (printed) – Reflections on Linguistic and Other Criteria 13 ISBN 978-952-5667-61-5 (online) Orders • Tilaukset Irja Seurujärvi-Kari ISSN 1797-3945 Tiedekirja www.tiedekirja.fi “We Took Our Language Back” Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy Kirkkokatu 14 [email protected] – The Formation of a Sámi Identity within the Sámi Sastamala 2011 FI-00170 Helsinki fax +358 9 635 017 Movement and the Role of the Sámi Language from the 1960s until 2008 37 Uralica Helsingiensia Elisabeth Scheller Uralica Helsingiensia is a series published jointly by the University of Helsinki Finno-Ugric The Sámi Language Situation Language Section and the Finno-Ugrian Society. It features monographs and thematic col- in Russia 79 lections of articles with a research focus on Uralic languages, and it also covers the linguistic and cultural aspects of Estonian, Hungarian and Saami studies at the University of Helsinki. Vilmos Tánczos The series has a peer review system, i.e. the manuscripts of all articles and monographs submitted for publication will be refereed by two anonymous reviewers before binding The Moldavian Csángós – Questions of Demography decisions are made concerning the publication of the material. and Linguistic Assimilation 97 Uralica Helsingiensia on Helsingin yliopiston suomalais-ugrilaisten kieli aineiden yhdessä Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran kanssa julkaisema sarja, jossa ilmestyy monografioita ja te- Magdolna Kovács maattisia artikkelikokoelmia. Niiden aihepiiri liittyy uralilaisten kielten tutkimukseen ja kattaa Ethnic and linguistic identities of Hungarians myös Helsingin yliopistossa tehtävän Viron kielen ja kulttuurin, Unkarin kielen ja kulttuurin and their descendants in Finland 121 sekä saamentutkimuksen. Sarjassa noudatetaan refereekäytäntöä, eli julkaistavaksi esitettävien tutkimusten Boglárka Straszer käsikirjoitus annetaan kahden nimettömän asiantuntijan arvioitavaksi ennen kuin lopullinen julkaisupäätös tehdään. Language and Identity among Hungarians in Sweden 161 Publishers • Julkaisijat Raimo Raag University of Helsinki: Department of Finnish, Finno-Ugrian and Scandinavian Studies • I’m Estonian – What Is Your Excuse? Helsingin yliopisto: Suomen kielen, suomalais-ugrilaisten ja pohjoismaisten kielten ja kirjallisuuksien laitos – Ethnic and Linguistic Aspects of the Identity Finno-Ugrian Society • Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura of Estonians in Sweden 197 Editors • Päätoimittajat Ulla-Maija Forsberg, Riho Grünthal Kristiina Praakli Editorial board • Toimitusneuvosto The New Estonian Community Márta Csepregi, Cornelius Hasselblatt, Magdolna Kovács, Johanna Laakso, Helle Mets- in Finland 217 lang, Matti Miestamo, Irma Mullonen, Karl Paju salu, Janne Saari kivi, Anneli Sarhimaa, Elena Skribnik Kadri Koreinik www.sgr.fi/uh Language Ideologies and Identity-building The publications are indexed in ARTO data base with the index Urbis. in the Public Discourse of South Estonian 247 Julkaisut luetteloidaan ja indeksoidaan ARTO-tietokantaan tunnuksella Urbis. Riho Grünthal RIHO GRÜNTHAL & MAGDOLNA KOVÁCS Population decline and the Erosion of the Veps Language Community 267 Larisa Shirobokova Ethnic Identity and Udmurt people 295 Introduction Outi Tánczos Identity Construction in an Udmurt Daily Newspaper 321 Márta Csepregi & Sofi a Onina Sámegiella, gollegiella Sámi language, golden language, Observations of Khanty Identity: the Synya and Surgut Khanty 341 manne oađát šlundadat? why is it you sleep and brood? Zoltán Nagy Ale jaskkot eatnigiella, Do not yet fall silent The Invisible “Ostyaks”: The Khanty people dasgo vieris gielat, mielat dutnje while foreign minds and tongues in the Tomsk Oblast 359 juo hávddi goivvodit, dig for you a grave, Sándor Szeverényi & Beáta Wagner-Nagy vaikke it leat vel liđđon, although you have as yet not blossomed, Visiting the Nganasans in Ust-Avam 385 eaige urbbit rahpasan. or opened out your buds. (Hans Aslak Guttorm 1934) List of Contributors 405 Language never stops changing, nor do the societies in which lan- guages are spoken. The 20th century brought about an enormous change in relationships between languages, speech communities and geographical areas. Distances that could be measured in miles or days spent on a boat, in a sleigh or horse-drawn carriage were replaced by free mobility, air travel and the hours it took to pass from one distinc- tive part of the world to another. Moors, forests, rivers and seas no longer corresponded to language borders. From a linguistic viewpoint, one of the most signifi cant results of the accessibility of distinct areas is an invigorated discussion on the differences between majority and minority languages. Because a majority language is often the basic communication tool in society, minority language speakers have to constantly adopt new means and linguistic strategies. During the 20th century and at the beginning of 21st, economic conditions, educational systems and legislative aims have seldom favoured the sustainability of minority language com- munities and the identity of their speakers. While new minority com- munities arise all the time, numerous old unique ones have ceased to exist or are on the verge of being irreversibly lost. The document- ing, explaining and understanding of what is currently going on in Ethnic and Linguistic Context of Identity: Finno-Ugric Minorities. 7–12. 6 Uralica Helsingiensia 5. Helsinki 2011. RIHO GRÜNTHAL & MAGDOLNA KOVÁCS INTRODUCTION language communities constitute a major challenge for modern lin- language shift, and bilingual or multilingual speakers choose the lan- guistics and societies. guage that better fi ts a given situation. Bilingualism and the imbalance The current volume focuses on the language and language iden- between majority and minority languages are not focused on in this tity of individual speakers and communities among the Finno-Ugric book. However, these aspects are inherently embedded in the debate minorities. The Finno-Ugric minorities live in a world in which bor- about minority languages. Without a majority there is no minority. ders can easily be crossed. These people have different histories, their The parallel existence of different cultural environments in which political and economic circumstances are far from uniform, and they different languages are used means that the concept of language is far are different from the majority language groups in many ways. Every from unambiguous. Both in eroding communities and migrant socie- language community has its own special characteristics, but in gen- ties minority language is often related to the individual. Speaking a eral, there is considerable liaison between different minorities and minority language is an individual experience to a very large extent. these languages can well be studied within the same type of frame- The result of a partial or only a loose collective experience is that the work. The Finno-Ugric minority languages considered in this book perception of language varies among language speakers. illustrate the fate of language minorities in more general terms. Although geographical adjacency and genetic affi nity are not The more evident the language shift and loss of cultures have very important in sociolinguistic analyses, the selection of articles in become the more important it has become to describe the state-of-art this book refl ects some areal viewpoints, too. Geographical location, of the minority languages and the linguistic identity of their speak- economic conditions and political systems certainly affect the state of ers. An understanding of the minority language situation starts with minority languages. an explanation of the historical background and the emergence of The articles intertwine several thematic viewpoints. The Sámi minority language status. In the case of those Finno-Ugric minori- languages represent autochtonous northern European languages, ties that are the topic of the present book, some examples represent both of Scandinavia and north-western Russia. Hungarian outside of autochtonous languages, whereas in other cases migration has brought Hungary and Estonian outside of Estonia represent vigorous modern people into new linguistic and cultural environments. Hungarian, for languages that have a different status as autochtonous or migrant lan- instance, has a long history as the main language of a modern Euro- guages outside of these two countries. The Baltic Sea area is strongly pean country, but those varieties spoken outside of Hungary represent represented both in the form of old minority languages, such as South local minority languages with very different profi les. Although many Estonian and Veps, and migrant groups such as Estonian and Hungar- Hungarians do live in those countries neighbouring Hungary, there
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Võro Language in Education in Estonia
    THE VÕRO LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION IN ESTONIA European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning VÕRO The Võro language in education in Estonia c/o Fryske Akademy Doelestrjitte 8 P.O. Box 54 NL-8900 AB Ljouwert/Leeuwarden The Netherlands T 0031 (0) 58 - 234 3027 W www.mercator-research.eu E [email protected] | Regional dossiers series | t ca r cum n n i- ual e : Available in this series: This document was published by the Mercator European Research Centre on Asturian; the Asturian language in education in Spain Multilingualism and Language Learning with financial support from the FryskeAkademy Basque; the Basque language in education in France (2nd) and (until 2007) the European Commission (DG: Culture and Education) and (from 2007 Basque; the Basque language in education in Spain (2nd) onwards) the Province of Fryslân and the municipality of Leeuwarden. Breton; the Breton language in education in France (2nd) Catalan; the Catalan language in education in France Catalan; the Catalan language in education in Spain Cornish; the Cornish language in education in the UK © Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Corsican; the Corsican language in education in France Learning, 2007 Croatian; the Croatian language in education in Austria Frisian; the Frisian language in education in the Netherlands (4th) ISSN: 1570 – 1239 Gaelic; the Gaelic language in education in the UK Galician; the Galician language in education in Spain The cover of this dossier changed with the reprint of 2008. German; the German language in education in Alsace, France (2nd) German; the German language in education in Belgium The contents of this publication may be reproduced in print, except for commercial pur- German; the German language in education in South Tyrol, Italy poses, provided that the extract is preceded by a full reference to the Mercator European Hungarian; the Hungarian language in education in Slovakia Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016/2017 Отели И Санатории Hotels & Sanatoriums
    ОТЕЛИ И САНАТОРИИ 2016/2017 HOTELS & SANATORIUMS Гостеприимный Татарстан • Welcome to Tatarstan Содержание Contents Условные обозначения ........................ 2 Green Point Hostel ............................... 48 Symbols ................................................ 2 “Kazan Skvorechnik” Hostel .................. 50 Где побывать в Казани и ее Хостел «Kremlin» ................................. 49 Where to go in Kazan and its vicinity ....... 4 “Express hotel & hostel” ........................ 50 окрестностях ..................................... 4 Хостел «Пушкин» ................................ 49 Schematic map of Kazan ..................... 20 Hotels and countryside resorts of the Карта-схема Казани ........................... 20 Хостел «Казанский скворечник» ........ 50 Kazan Hotels and Hostels ...................21 Republic of Tatarstan ......................51 Отели и хостелы Казани ...................21 «Экспресс отель & хостел» ................. 50 Aviator ................................................. 22 Alabuga City Hotel ................................ 53 Авиатор .............................................. 22 Отели и загородные дома Hotel Art .............................................. 23 “…blackberry…” Hotel Art .............................................. 23 Республики Татарстан ...................51 Bilyar Palace Hotel ............................... 24 Hotel and Entertainment Complex ...... 54 TATARSTAN TO WELCOME Биляр Палас Отель ............................. 24 Alabuga City Hotel ...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome
    Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome By Michael Robert St. Clair A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in German in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Irmengard Rauch, Chair Thomas F. Shannon Montgomery Slatkin Spring 2012 Abstract Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome by Michael Robert St. Clair Doctor of Philosophy in German University of California, Berkeley Irmengard Rauch, Chair This dissertation holds that genetic data are a useful tool for evaluating contemporary models of Germanic origins. The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and include among their major contemporary representatives English, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic. Historically, the search for Germanic origins has sought to determine where the Germanic languages evolved, and why the Germanic languages are similar to and different from other European languages. Both archaeological and linguist approaches have been employed in this research direction. The linguistic approach to Germanic origins is split among those who favor the Stammbaum theory and those favoring language contact theory. Stammbaum theory posits that Proto-Germanic separated from an ancestral Indo-European parent language. This theoretical approach accounts for similarities between Germanic and other Indo- European languages by posting a period of mutual development. Germanic innovations, on the other hand, occurred in isolation after separation from the parent language. Language contact theory posits that Proto-Germanic was the product of language convergence and this convergence explains features that Germanic shares with other Indo-European languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducing Phonology
    Introducing Phonology Designed for students with only a basic knowledge of linguistics, this leading textbook provides a clear and practical introduction to phonology, the study of sound patterns in language. It teaches in a step-by-step fashion the logical techniques of phonological analysis and the fundamental theories that underpin it. This thoroughly revised and updated edition teaches students how to analyze phonological data, how to think critically about data, how to formulate rules and hypotheses, and how to test them. New to this edition: • Improved examples, over 60 exercises, and 14 new problem sets from a wide variety of languages encourage students to practice their own analysis of phonological processes and patterns • A new and updated reference list of phonetic symbols and an updated transcription system, making data more accessible to students • Additional online material includes pedagogical suggestions and password-protected answer keys for instructors david odden is Professor Emeritus in Linguistics at Ohio State University. Cambridge Introductions to Language and Linguistics This new textbook series provides students and their teachers with accessible introductions to the major subjects encountered within the study of language and linguistics. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, each book is written and designed for ease of use in the classroom or seminar, and is ideal for adoption on a modular course as the core recommended textbook. Each book offers the ideal introductory material for each subject, presenting students with an overview of the main topics encountered in their course, and features a glossary of useful terms, chapter previews and summaries, suggestions for further reading, and helpful exercises.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
    Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates.
    [Show full text]
  • KAIDI RÄTSEP Colour Terms in Turkish, Estonian and Russian: How Many Basic Blue Terms Are There?
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library KAIDI RÄTSEP DISSERTATIONES LINGUISTICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 32 Colour terms in Turkish, Estonian and Russian: How many basic blue terms are terms Estonian blue many there? and inbasic Russian:Colour Turkish, How KAIDI RÄTSEP Colour terms in Turkish, Estonian and Russian: How many basic blue terms are there? Tartu 2018 1 ISSN 1406-5657 ISBN 978-9949-77-919-2 DISSERTATIONES LINGUISTICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 32 DISSERTATIONES LINGUISTICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 32 KAIDI RÄTSEP Colour terms in Turkish, Estonian and Russian: How many basic blue terms are there? University of Tartu, Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics Dissertation accepted for the commencement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy on October 11st, 2018 by the Committee of the Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tartu Supervisors: Professor Urmas Sutrop, University of Tartu Associate Professor Mari Uusküla, Tallinn University Opponent: PhD Anetta Kopecka, Université de Lyon Commencement: December 14th, 2018 at 14.15, Jakobi 2–438, Tartu This study has been supported by the Graduate School of Linguistics, Philosophy and Semiotics; funded by the European Social Fund and European Regional Development Fund (University of Tartu ASTRA Project PER ASPERA). European Union Investing European Regional in your future Development Fund ISSN 1406-5657 ISBN 978-9949-77-919-2 (print) ISBN 978-9949-77-920-8 (pdf) Copyright: Kaidi Rätsep, 2018 University of Tartu Press www.tyk.ee ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The experimental colour data found in the thesis can be used for a wide array of applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling Mixed Languages: Some Remarks on the Case of Old Helsinki Slang1
    MODELLING MIXED LANGUAGES: SOME REMARKS ON THE CASE OF OLD HELSINKI SLANG1 Merlijn de Smit Stockholm University Abstract Old Helsinki Slang (OHS) a linguistic variety spoken in the working-class quarters of Helsinki from approx. 1900 to 1945, is marked by the usage of a virtually wholly Swedish vocabulary in a Finnish morphosyntactic framework. It has recently been subject of two interestingly contrasting treatments by Petri Kallio and Vesa Jarva. Kallio argues that the morphosyntactic base of OHS gives cause to analyzing it as unambiguously Finnic, and therefore Uralic, from a genetic perspective, whereas Jarva, drawing attention to the possible origins of OHS in frequent code-switching, believes it deserves consideration as a mixed language alongside such cases as Ma’a and Media Lengua. The contrasting approaches of the two authors involve contrasting presuppositions which deserve to be spelled out: should the genetic origin of a language be based on the pedigree of its structure (with mixed structures pointing to a mixed genetic origin) or on the sociolinguistic history of its speakers? Taking the latter course, I argue that the most valid model for the emergence of genetically mixed languages is the code-switching one proposed by Peter Auer. Measuring OHS against Auer’s model, however, it is a marginal case for a mixed language, particularly as Auer’s and similar models imply some composition in structural domains, which seems wholly absent in the case of OHS. Thus OHS is not a genetically mixed language, even if it may have developed as one, had early OHS taken a different course as it eventually did.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Finno-Ugrian Cooperation and Foreign Relations
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Eastern Finno-Ugrian cooperation and foreign relations Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gc7x938 Journal Nationalities Papers, 29(1) ISSN 0090-5992 Author Taagepera, R Publication Date 2001-04-24 DOI 10.1080/00905990120036457 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Nationalities Papers, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2001 EASTERN FINNO-UGRIAN COOPERATION AND FOREIGN RELATIONS Rein Taagepera Britons and Iranians do not wax poetic when they discover that “one, two, three” sound vaguely similar in English and Persian. Finns and Hungarians at times do. When I speak of “Finno-Ugrian cooperation,” I am referring to a linguistic label that joins peoples whose languages are so distantly related that in most world contexts it would evoke no feelings of kinship.1 Similarities in folk culture may largely boil down to worldwide commonalities in peasant cultures at comparable technological stages. The racial features of Estonians and Mari may be quite disparate. Limited mutual intelligibility occurs only within the Finnic group in the narrow sense (Finns, Karelians, Vepsians, Estonians), the Permic group (Udmurts and Komi), and the Mordvin group (Moksha and Erzia). Yet, despite this almost abstract foundation, the existence of a feeling of kinship is very real. Myths may have no basis in fact, but belief in myths does occur. Before denigrating the beliefs of indigenous and recently modernized peoples as nineteenth-century relics, the observer might ask whether the maintenance of these beliefs might serve some functional twenty-first-century purpose. The underlying rationale for the Finno-Ugrian kinship beliefs has been a shared feeling of isolation among Indo-European and Turkic populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki in Early Twentieth-Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940
    lieven ameel Helsinki in Early Twentieth-Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940 Studia Fennica Litteraria The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Pasi Ihalainen, Professor, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Timo Kaartinen, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Taru Nordlund, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Riikka Rossi, Title of Docent, Researcher, University of Helsinki, Finland Katriina Siivonen, Substitute Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Lotte Tarkka, Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Secretary General, Dr. Phil., Finnish Literature Society, Finland Tero Norkola, Publishing Director, Finnish Literature Society Maija Hakala, Secretary of the Board, Finnish Literature Society, Finland Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Lieven Ameel Helsinki in Early Twentieth- Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940 Finnish Literature Society · SKS · Helsinki Studia Fennica Litteraria 8 The publication has undergone a peer review. The open access publication of this volume has received part funding via a Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation grant.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungarian Prehistory Series
    Hungarian Prehistory Series The Hungarians moved to their later homeland, the Carpathian basin at the end of the ninth century. Prior to this period they lived in the western part of the southern Russian steppe as vassals of the Khazar Kaghanate. The ethnic envi- ronment of the Kaghanate had a great impact on the ethnogenesis of the Hun- garians as testified by the numerous Turkic and Iranian loan words as well as the art, the military and the political structure of the Hungarians in the period of the conquest. Therefore, from the point of view of Hungarian prehistory, it is crucial to be familiar with the history of the nomadic peoples, that is, with the "oriental background." The Hungarian Prehistory Series, launched in 1990, aimed to pub- lish source editions, collected papers and monographs in connection with the history of the Eurasian steppe. It includes historical, linguistical and archaeologi- cal studies. The Department of Medieval World History (University of Szeged) has played an active role in the publication of the series since 1994. The published volumes of the series until 2000 are the following: Vol. 1. Őstörténet és nemzettudat 1919-1931. [Prehistory and the National Con- sciousness.] Ed. Eva Kineses Nagy, Szeged 1991. Vol. 2. Sándor, Klára, A Bolognai Rovásemlék. [The Runic Inscription of Bologna.] Szeged 1991. Vol. 3. Szűcs, Jenő, A magyar nemzeti tudat kialakulása. [The Formation of Hungar- ian National Consciousness.] Ed. István Zimonyi, Szeged 1992. Vol. 4. Rovásírás a Kárpát-medencében. [Runic Scripts in the Carpathian Basin.] Ed. Klára Sándor, Szeged 1992. Vol. 5. Szádeczky-Kardoss, Samu, Az avar történelem forrásai.
    [Show full text]
  • Materials on Forest Enets, an Indigenous Language of Northern Siberia
    Materials on Forest Enets, an Indigenous Language of Northern Siberia SUOMALAIS-UGRILAISEN SEURAN TOIMITUKSIA MÉMOIRES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ FINNO-OUGRIENNE ❋ 267 ❋ Florian Siegl Materials on Forest Enets, an Indigenous Language of Northern Siberia SOCIÉTÉ FINNO-OUGRIENNE HELSINKI 2013 Florian Siegl: Materials on Forest Enets, an Indigenous Language of Northern Siberia Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 267 Copyright © 2013 Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura — Société Finno-Ougrienne — Finno-Ugrian Society & Florian Siegl Layout Anna Kurvinen, Niko Partanen Language supervision Alexandra Kellner This study has been supported by Volkswagen Foundation. ISBN 978-952-5667-45-5 (print) MÉMOIRES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ FINNO-OUGRIENNE ISBN 978-952-5667-46-2 (online) SUOMALAIS-UGRILAISEN SEURAN TOIMITUKSIA ISSN 0355-0230 Editor-in-chief Riho Grünthal (Helsinki) Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy Editorial board Sastamala 2013 Marianne Bakró-Nagy (Szeged), Márta Csepregi (Budapest), Ulla-Maija Forsberg (Helsinki), Kaisa Häkkinen (Turku), Tilaukset — Orders Gerson Klumpp (Tartu), Johanna Laakso (Wien), Tiedekirja Lars-Gunnar Larsson (Uppsala), Kirkkokatu 14 Matti Miestamo (Stockholm), FI-00170 Helsinki Sirkka Saarinen (Turku), www.tiedekirja.fi Elena Skribnik (München), Trond Trosterud (Tromsø), [email protected] Berhard Wälchli (Stockholm), FAX +358 9 635 017 Jussi Ylikoski (Kautokeino) He used often to say there was only one Road; that it was like a great river: its springs were at every doorstep, and every path was its tributary. “It’s a dangerous business, Frodo, going out of your door,” he used to say. “You step into the Road, and if you don’t keep your feet, there is no knowing where you might be swept off to […]” (The Fellowship of the Ring, New York: Ballantine Books, 1982, 102).
    [Show full text]
  • Uralilaisen Kantakielen Ja Nykysuomen Samankaltaisuuksista Ja Eroista
    Stockholms Universitet Institutionen för Baltiska Språk, Finska och Tyska Avdelningen för Finska Uralilaisen Kantakielen ja Nykysuomen Samankaltaisuuksista ja Eroista Peter Sauli Piispanen Examensarbete för Kandidatexamen 15 högskolepoäng Handledare: Merlijn de Smit 14 december, 2008 /HT2008 Sisällysluettelo 1. Johdanto 1.1 Työn kysymykset ja menetelmä 1 1.2 Työn rajoitukset 2 1.3 Entiset tiedot 2 1.4 Viitteistä 4 1.5 Lyhennykset ja termit 5 2. Analyysi 2.1 Uralilaisen kantakielen ja nykysuomen samankaltaisuuksista 6 2.1.1 Syntaksia 6 2.1.2 Morfologia 7 2.1.3 Muut kieliopilliset samanlaisuudet ja erot 7 2.1.4 Suomen kielen erikoisuudet 8 2.1.5 Fonologia ja fonotaksia 8 2.2 Historiallis-vertaileva kielitiede käytännössä ja sen ongelmat 10 2.2.1 Käytäntö 10 2.2.2 Kulttuuritason jäljittämisestä 11 2.2.3 Ongelmia 11 2.3 Kielten ajoittamisesta 13 2.4 Tunnetut äännemuutokset suomen kielessä 16 2.4.1 Tunnetut äännemuutokset 17 2.4.2 Teoreettiset äännemuutokset 17 2.5 Uralilaisen kantakielen jäljittämisestä 19 2.5.1 Valitut kielet vertaamiseen 19 2.5.2 Analyysin lisäongelmia 19 2.5.3 Tunnetut ääntämysmuutokset sukulaiskielillä 20 2.5.4 Valitut kognaatit Swadesh-listalta 20 2.5.5 Kognaattien vertailusta 22 2.5.6 PU-sanaston jäljittäminen 22 2.5.6.1 *kun śi sanasta 23 2.5.6.2 *ükte sanasta 24 2.5.6.3 *mïkså sanasta 25 2.5.6.4 *kala sanasta 26 2.5.6.5 *kaxli sanasta 27 2.6 Kielten muutostahdista 27 2.6.1 Glottokronologia ja leksikostatistiikka 27 2.6.2 Syrjäryhmäteoria 29 2.6.3 Suomen ja uralilaisen kantakielen glottokronologiasta 29 2.6.4 Toisten uralilaisten kielten glottokronologiasta 30 2.6.5 Uralilaisten kielten muuttumisnopeudesta 32 2.6.6 Glottokronologian tulokset ja päätelmät 32 3.
    [Show full text]