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The Hungarian Language in Education in Romania

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The Hungarian Language in Education in Romania The Hungarian language in education in Romania European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning hosted by HUNGARIAN The Hungarian language in education in Romania c/o Fryske Akademy Doelestrjitte 8 P.O. Box 54 NL-8900 AB Ljouwert/Leeuwarden The Netherlands T 0031 (0) 58 - 234 3027 W www.mercator-research.eu E [email protected] | Regional dossiers series | tca r cum n n i- ual e : Available in this series: This document was published by the Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism Albanian; the Albanian language in education in Italy Aragonese; the Aragonese language in education in Spain and Language Learning with financial support from the Fryske Akademy and the Province Asturian; the Asturian language in education in Spain (2nd ed.) of Fryslân. Basque; the Basque language in education in France (2nd ed.) Basque; the Basque language in education in Spain (2nd ed.) Breton; the Breton language in education in France (2nd ed.) Catalan; the Catalan language in education in France Catalan; the Catalan language in education in Spain (2nd ed.) © Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism Cornish; the Cornish language in education in the UK (2nd ed.) Corsican; the Corsican language in education in France (2nd ed.) and Language Learning, 2019 Croatian; the Croatian language in education in Austria Danish; The Danish language in education in Germany ISSN: 1570 – 1239 Frisian; the Frisian language in education in the Netherlands (4th ed.) Friulian; the Friulian language in education in Italy The contents of this dossier may be reproduced in print, except for commercial purposes, Gàidhlig; The Gaelic Language in Education in Scotland (2nd ed.) Galician; the Galician language in education in Spain (2nd ed.) provided that the extract is proceeded by a complete reference to the Mercator European German; the German language in education in Alsace, France (2nd ed.) Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. German; the German language in education in Belgium German; the German language in education in Denmark This Regional dossier has been compiled by Attila Papp Z. (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, German; the German language in education in South Tyrol (Italy) (2nd ed.) Hungarian; The Hungarian language in education in Romania Centre for Social Sciences, Institute for Minority Studies and University of Miskolc, Faculty of Hungarian; the Hungarian language in education in Slovakia Arts and Sciences, Institute of Applied Social Sciences). Hungarian; the Hungarian language in education in Slovenia Unless otherwise stated academic data refer to the 2016/2017 school year. A draft of this Irish; the Irish language in education in Northern Ireland (3rd ed.) Irish; the Irish language in education in the Republic of Ireland (2nd ed.) Regional dossier has been reviewed by Imre Péntek Phd, director of the Applied Pedagogical Italian; the Italian language in education in Slovenia Institute at Babes Bolyai University – Cluj. Kashubian; the Kashubian language in education in Poland Ladin; the Ladin language in education in Italy (2nd ed.) Latgalian; the Latgalian language in education in Latvia Lithuanian; the Lithuanian language in education in Poland Acknowledgements Maltese; the Maltese language in education in Malta The author wishes to express his gratitude to Rita Fóris-Ferenc Manx Gaelic; the Manx Gaelic language in education in the Isle of Man Meänkieli and Sweden Finnish; the Finnic languages in education in Sweden Contact information of the authors of Regional dossiers can be found in the Mercator Nenets, Khanty and Selkup; The Nenets, Khanty and Selkup language in education in the Yamal Region in Russia Database of Experts (www.mercator-research.eu). North-Frisian; the North Frisian language in education in Germany (3rd ed.) Occitan; the Occitan language in education in France (2nd ed.) Polish; the Polish language in education in Lithuania Romani and Beash; the Romani and Beash languages in education in Hungary Romansh: The Romansh language in education in Switzerland Sami; the Sami language in education in Sweden Scots; the Scots language in education in Scotland (2nd ed.) Serbian; the Serbian language in education in Hungary Slovak; the Slovak language in education in Hungary Slovene; the Slovene language in education in Austria (2nd ed.) Slovene; the Slovene language in education in Italy (2nd ed.) Sorbian; the Sorbian language in education in Germany (2nd ed.) Swedish; the Swedish language in education in Finland (2nd ed.) Marlous Visser has been responsible for the publication of this Mercator regional dossier. Turkish; the Turkish language in education in Greece (2nd ed.) Ukrainian and Ruthenian; the Ukrainian and Ruthenian language in education in Poland Võro; the Võro language in education in Estonia Welsh; the Welsh language in education in the UK Contents Contents Glossary 2 Foreword 3 Glossary ..............................................................................2 1 Introduction 5 2 Pre-school education 21 Foreword ..............................................................................3 3 Primary education 24 4 Secondary education 28 1 Introduction ...........................................................5 5 Vocational education 32 6 Higher education 34 2 Pre-school education ..........................................21 7 Adult education 38 8 Educational research 40 3 Primary education ..............................................24 9 Prospects 42 10 Summary statistics 44 4 Secondary education ..........................................28 Education system in Romania 45 References and further reading 47 5 Vocational education ..........................................32 Addresses 52 Other websites on minority languages 55 6 Higher education ................................................34 What can the Mercator Research Centre offer you? 57 7 Adult education ...................................................38 8 Educational research ..........................................40 9 Prospects............................................................42 10 Summary of statistics .........................................44 Education system in Romania ................................................45 References and further reading ..............................................47 Addresses ...............................................................................52 Other websites on minority languages ...................................55 What can the Mercator Research Centre offer you? ..............57 Education and lesser used languages Glossary ANOFM Agenția Natională Pentru Ocuparea Fortei de Muncă – RO (National Agency for Labour Force Employment) ARACIP Agenția Română de Asigurare a Calității în Învățământul Preuniversitar – RO (Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Pre-University Education) ARACIS Agenția Română de Asigurare a Calității în Învățământul Superior - RO (Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education) BBTE Babeș-Bolyai Tudományegyetem – HU, Universitatea Babeș- Bolyai – RO (University of Babes Bolyai) CNEE Consiliul National de Evaluare si de Examinara – RO (National Center for Evaluation and Examination) RMPSZ Romániai Magyar Pedagógus Szövetség – HU, Uninunea Cadrelor Didactice Maghiare din România - RO (Hungarian Teacher’s Association of Romania) RMDSZ Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség – HU, Uniunea 2 Democrată Maghiară din România – RO (Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania) MEN Ministerul Educatiei Naționale (Ministry of Education) LEN Legea Educației Naționale - RO (National Education Law) ANC Autoritatea Naţională pentru Calificări – RO (National Authority for Qualifications) Sapientia EMTE Sapientia Erdélyi Magyar Tudományegyetem – HU, Universitatea Sapientia – RO (Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania) INS Institutul Național de Statistică – RO (National Institute of Statistics) The Hungarian language in education in Romania Foreword background Regional and minority languages are languages that differ from the official state language. The Mercator Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning uses the definition for these languages defined by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML): “Regional and minority languages are languages traditionally used within a given territory of a state by nationals of that state who form a group numerically smaller than the rest of the state’s population; they are different from the official language(s) of that state, and they include neither dialects of the official language(s) of the state nor the languages of migrants”. The Mercator Research Centre aims at the acquisition, application and circulation of knowledge about these regional and minority languages in education. An important means to achieve this goal is the Regional dossiers series: documents that provide the most essential features of the education system of regions with a lesser used regional or minority language. 3 aim The aim of the Regional dossiers series is to provide a concise description of European minority languages in education. Aspects that are addressed include features of the education system, recent educational policies, main actors, legal arrangements and support structures, as well as quantitative aspects such as the number of schools, teachers, pupils, and financial investments. Because of this fixed structure the dossiers in the series are easy to compare. target group The dossiers serve several purposes and are relevant for policy- makers, researchers,
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