A TRANSYLVANIAN INTERLUDE on 11 June 1848 Dumitru Brătianu Had
A TRANSYLVANIAN INTERLUDE On 11 June 1848 Dumitru Brătianu had received his accreditation as diplomatic agent in troubled Austria-Hungary, as the first diplomatic representative of modern Romania.221 Until then, Romanian interests abroad had been represented by officials of the Ottoman suzerain power. He travelled via Vienna, where the situation was confused after the collapse of the interim government led by Karl Ludwig von Fic- quelmont, and reached Pest in late June. Since March, under popular pressure, the Habsburg monarchy appeared to have imploded. Vienna as the official centre of power in the Empire was now challenged by Central European “staging-points in the multilateral contestation” during the events of 1848–49:222 Milan, Buda-Pest,223 Prague, Lemberg, Cracow, Timişoara, Braşov, Blaj and Cluj – to mention just a few of the cities engulfed by the protests – were all bursting with revolu- tionary ferment, political and territorial demands and potential multi- ethnic strife. Only one element in the confusing political landscape of 1848–49 remained stable: the now beleaguered Habsburg dynasty and the principle of dynastic loyalty as the pivotal centre of an otherwise explosive multi-national conundrum. After March and especially after the enactment of the April Laws by the Hungarian Diet, the new Hungarian regime had been operat- ing on the basis of a virtual, if brittle, parliamentary sovereignty and autonomy from Austria. A reformist Hungarian government led by Lajos Batthyány comprised the liberal István Széchenyi, the ‘roman- tic hero’ Lajos Kossuth and the ‘man of the future’, Ferenc Deák.224 Embedded within, and extending beyond, the complex network of constitutional, political, economic and military difficulties facing the empire was the thorny nationalities question.
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