DOCSLIB.ORG

Multilingual Practices in Finno-Ugric Communities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MULTILINGUAL PRACTICES IN FINNO-UGRIC COMMUNITIES Uralica Helsingiensia13 Multilingual Practices in Finno-Ugric Communities EDITED BY OUTI TÁNCZOS, MAGDOLNA KOVÁCS & ULRIIKKA PUURA HELSINKI 2018 Outi Tánczos, Magdolna Kovács & Ulriikka Puura (eds.): Multilingual Practices in Finno-Ugric Communities. Orders • Tilaukset Uralica Helsingiensia 13. Tiedekirja Cover Outi Tánczos Snellmaninkatu 13 Layout Anna Kurvinen FI-00170 Helsinki <www.tiedekirja.fi> ISBN 978-952-7262-02-3 (print) <[email protected]> ISBN 978-952-7262-03-0 (online) ISSN 1797-3945 Printon Tallinn 2018 Uralica Helsingiensia The series Uralica Helsingiensia is founded in 2008. It features thematic volumes and mono- graphs on the history, typology and sociology of Uralic languages. Studies focusing on Es- tonian language and culture, Hungarian language and culture, as well as Saamic studies are equally welcome in the series. The series also seeks to support university studies on its focus areas. Uralica Helsingiensia is rated at level 1 by the Publication Forum of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies. All submitted manuscripts are peer-reviewed. Uralica Helsingiensia on perustettu 2008. Sarjassa julkaistaan temaattisia artikkeli kokoelmia tai monografi oita erityisesti uralilaisten kielten historian, typologian ja kielisosiologian alalta. Aihepiiriin kuuluvat myös Unkarin kielen ja kulttuurin, Viron kielen ja kulttuurin ja saamentutkimuksen yliopisto-opintoja tukevat julkaisut. Sarja kuuluu TSV:n julkaisufoorumin luokituksessa kategoriaan 1, ja siinä noudatetaan vertaisarviointikäytäntöä. Publisher • Julkaisija Finno-Ugrian Society • Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura Editors • Päätoimittajat Ulla-Maija Forsberg, Riho Grünthal Editorial board • Toimitusneuvosto Márta Csepregi, Cornelius Hasselblatt, Magdolna Kovács, Johanna Laakso, Helle Mets- lang, Matti Miestamo, Irma Mullonen, Karl Paju salu, Janne Saari kivi, Anneli Sarhimaa, Elena Skribnik www.sgr.fi/uh The publications are indexed in ARTO data base with the index Urbis. Julkaisut luetteloidaan ja indeksoidaan ARTO-tietokantaan tunnuksella Urbis. Contents Introduction 7 Magdolna Kovács & Boglárka Janurik Grammatical and sociolinguistic aspects of code-switching in Finno-Ugric languages 13 Laura Horváth Aspect and code-switching in Udmurt: the case of the Russian infi nitive + Udmurt karini̮ /kariš̮ kí ni̮ ̮ 77 Svetlana Edygarova Interference from Russian in the possessive morphosyntactic structures of Udmurt in translational test data 113 Maria Frick, Riho Grünthal & Kristiina Praakli A linguistic encounter between neighbors and relatives: reconnecting Estonian and Finnish in terms of contemporary multilingualism 163 Boglárka Janurik Radio Vaigel: voice of the Erzya people – code-switching patterns of Erzya–Russian bilinguals 197 Borbála Pachné Heltai When Hungarian and Finnish meet a local German variety: new everyday linguistic practices in a settlement of southern Hungary 231 Ulriikka Puura Language modes and conversational code-switching in contemporary Veps – a microanalysis 263 Outi Tánczos Multilingual practices and speaker attitudes: the case of Olonets Karelian 297 List of contributors 327 OUTI TÁNCZOS, MAGDOLNA KOVÁCS & ULRIIKKA PUURA University of Helsinki Introduction Луоз-а юаны, уг валаськы мон чик, Мар меда ВАЩЕ сыӵе со ХИПСТЕРлык? ХОТЯ, ярам, али ачим лэсьто мон КЛИК ОКЕЙ, ГУГЛ, ПЛИЗ, «мар со ХИПСТЕРлык?» Англи кылъёс но мур малпанъёс, Совето дырысь пурысьтам гуръёс, Трос цитатаос, пичи гурт нимъёс Мон понна со ваньмыз вал ШИКАРДОС! Can I ask, I just don’t get it FIRST, what’s HIPSTERism? ALRIGHT, fi ne, I’m gonna CLICK OK, GOOGLE, PLEASE, “what’s HIPSTERism”? English words and deep thoughts Soviet melodies covered with mold Lots of quotes, and names of little places To me all that was just really AW ESOME! From Bogdan Anfi nogenov’s Hipsterlyk (performed by Мурӝол Un- derground). Translated into English with Russian and English elements capitalized by Outi Tánczos. Bogdan Anfi nogenov’s Udmurt rap makes the most of multilingual resources, using English and Russian in a way that is unconventional in Udmurt literature, to say the least. It was a natural choice for the fi rst page of this book, which deals with modern everyday encounters between languages. Many Finno-Ugric speech communities are ex- periencing profound transformation. The accelerating erosion of lin- guistic networks and the pace of change are by no means unique in a global context, but in the Finno-Ugric setting this change has become Multilingual Practices in Finno-Ugric Communities. 7–11. Uralica Helsingiensia 13. Helsinki 2018. OUTI TÁNCZOS, ULRIIKKA PUURA & MAGDOLNA KOVÁCS more intense than ever. It is triggered by a fundamental restructur- ing of the social, economic, cultural, and political factors affecting these languages, the fall of traditional language boundaries as well as new forms of mobility and migration. Change in everyday language practices takes place via bilingualism, multilingualism, and in the case of many minorities, an increased use of the majority language. This change produces linguistic phenomena that can collectively be called multilingual practices, referring to any linguistic practice in which more than one language is involved. The authors of this book pay special attention to code-switching, but other viewpoints, such as the background or consequences of code-switching, are strongly repre- sented, resulting in a rich overview of these practices. Multilingualism has been widespread among speakers of many Finno-Ugric languages for centuries. However, until recently linguists were not particularly interested in the phenomenon itself, and also at present there is a considerable lack of studies on the diversity of mul- tilingual practices and their infl uence on Finno-Ugric languages and their speakers. This book is based on papers delivered in the sympo- sium Multilingual practices and code-switching in Finno-Ugric com- munities at the XII International Congress for Finno-Ugric Studies in Oulu in 2015. It is a product of a joint project between the University of Helsinki and Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest. The aim of this project, which is funded by the Academy of Finland and OTKA (Országos Tudományos Kutatási Alapprogramok, the Hungarian Sci- entifi c Research Fund), is to contribute to the scholarly understanding of multilingual practices and the patterns of language change and lan- guage shift. This book combines current approaches to these phenom- ena, ranging from studies illustrating speaker attitudes and language ideologies to studies on grammatical and semantic impact of multi- lingual practices. Our aim is to provide a collection of case studies representing the diversity of multilingual practices in the Finno-Ugric languages and increase the availability of research that can balance the typically Indo-European focus of code-switching studies. Finno-Ugric languages provide a wide range of sociolinguistic situations, and also the contact situations vary accordingly. The ar- ticles in this book present cases of multilingual practices in varying situations. Case studies in this book cover contacts involving stable 8 INTRODUCTION state languages, such as Estonian, Finnish, and Hungarian, as well as vulnerable minority languages that have been strongly connected with a traditional, mostly rural way of life (e.g., Veps, Udmurt). The types of contact and therefore also the motivations for multilingualism differ signifi cantly, but often the case studies point to similarities in mul- tilingual practices: community-building, innovation in communica- tion, but also language protection. Some articles in this book analyze Finno-Ugric communities at the level of small communities, villages, or even families, while in others the macro-communities are also pre- sent in the issues that form the framework for multilingual practices: language ideologies, language policy, and development. Many of the articles combine different approaches. However, this book can be roughly divided into two thematic parts. The fi rst part focuses on code-switching as a grammatical issue. In the opening arti- cle of this book, Magdolna Kovács (PhD, University of Helsinki) and Boglárka Janurik (PhD, Universität Hamburg) provide an overview on how multilingual practices have been studied in Finno-Ugric Stud- ies. This fi eld of study has remained less known for the international scholarly community, but a change is taking place with the increase in the number of studies and diversity of approaches. Kovács and Janurik question the existence of a universal grammatical model which would work in all code-switching situations. However, they point out certain common structural features in code-switching between Finno-Ugric and Indo-European languages (case marking, marking possession, ex- pressing time, missing/marking gender, double marking). They also link structural and sociolinguistic features together and discuss the possible differences between the outcomes of the code-switching in different Finno-Ugric languages. The following two articles introduce cases of code-switching in Udmurt. Laura Horváth (MA, Eötvös Loránd University) discusses intrasentential insertion, especially constructions involving Russian infi nitives. She analyzes how these constructions contribute to the as- pectual meaning of Udmurt matrix clauses. This article participates in the discussion on the relationship between code-switching and bor- rowing. Svetlana Edygarova (PhD, University of Helsinki) studies Russian infl uence in Udmurt possessive noun phrases.
Recommended publications
  • Problems of Authenticity in Modern Finnic Minority Literatures

    Problems of Authenticity in Modern Finnic Minority Literatures

    Johanna Laakso Real Language, Real Literature: Problems of Authenticity in Modern Finnic Minority Literatures Abstract: Alongside the nation-state languages Finnish and Estonian, their sister varieties – such as Meänkieli in Sweden, Kven in Norway, Karelian in Finland and Russia, Veps in Russia, or Võro in southern Estonia – are now either recognized or striving for recognition as minority languages. Developing literary standards and literatures raises questions of authenticity: is language a naturally existing part of ethnic identity or something that must be cultivated and formally studied? Should literature offer realistic depictions of the life and multilingual language use of minorities, or should it serve the puristic goals of language planning and language-based identity building? The ways in which literary and mimetic multi- lingualism can relate to the linguistic reality of minorities are still in need of further research. Keywords: authenticity, Estonia, language planning, minority literatures, multi- lingualism, Russia, Scandinavia 1 A language for a nation The national awakenings prompted by Romantic nationalism in the nineteenth century led to the standardization of many Finno-Ugric languages: first in the emerging state language projects, and then at different points of time into the late twentieth century, also involving many Finno-Ugric minorities. The goals of these processes were not only practical and political but also aesthetic: to create a language for artistic expression. Romantic nationalism saw language as a supra-individual product of nature and the Volksgeist. The Romantic pioneer authors of emerging nations used “a subaltern vernacular in order to demonstrate and celebrate its literary capabil- ities” (Leerssen 2013, 13). Paradoxically, however, they had to overlook the pro- cesses of language planning and forget the fact that the language they used was not a direct representation of the authentic vernacular but an artefact, as alien to the common people as were the Western forms and genres in which it was used.
  • Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome

    Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome

    Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome By Michael Robert St. Clair A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in German in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Irmengard Rauch, Chair Thomas F. Shannon Montgomery Slatkin Spring 2012 Abstract Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome by Michael Robert St. Clair Doctor of Philosophy in German University of California, Berkeley Irmengard Rauch, Chair This dissertation holds that genetic data are a useful tool for evaluating contemporary models of Germanic origins. The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and include among their major contemporary representatives English, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic. Historically, the search for Germanic origins has sought to determine where the Germanic languages evolved, and why the Germanic languages are similar to and different from other European languages. Both archaeological and linguist approaches have been employed in this research direction. The linguistic approach to Germanic origins is split among those who favor the Stammbaum theory and those favoring language contact theory. Stammbaum theory posits that Proto-Germanic separated from an ancestral Indo-European parent language. This theoretical approach accounts for similarities between Germanic and other Indo- European languages by posting a period of mutual development. Germanic innovations, on the other hand, occurred in isolation after separation from the parent language. Language contact theory posits that Proto-Germanic was the product of language convergence and this convergence explains features that Germanic shares with other Indo-European languages.
  • Instrument of Ratification)1

    Instrument of Ratification)1

    Proposed Declaration (instrument of ratification)1 1. In accordance with Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Charter, the Russian Federation undertakes to apply the provisions of Part II to all the regional or minority languages spoken within its territory and which comply with the definition in Article 1. 2. In accordance with Article 2, paragraph 2, and Article 3, paragraph 1, of the Charter, the Russian Federation declares that the provisions set out below shall apply to the following languages in the specified territories: Abaza (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Adyghe (Republic of Adygea), Aghul (Republic of Dagestan), Altai (Republic of Altai), Avar (Republic of Dagestan), Azeri (Republic of Dagestan), Balkar (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria), Bashkir (Republic of Bashkortostan), Buryat (Republic of Buryatia), Chechen (Republics of Chechnya and Dagestan), Cherkess (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Chuvash (Republic of Chuvashia), Dargin (Republic of Dagestan), Ingush (Republic of Ingushetia), Kabardian (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria), Kalmyk (Republic of Kalmykia), Karachay (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Khakas (Republic of Khakasia), Komi (Republic of Komi), Kumyk (Republic of Dagestan), Lak (Republic of Dagestan), Lezgian (Republic of Dagestan), Mountain and Meadow Mari (Republic of Mari El), Moksha and Erzya Mordovian (Republic of Mordovia), Nogai (Republics of Dagestan and Karachay-Cherkessia), Ossetic (Republic of North Ossetia), Rutul (Republic of Dagestan), Sakha (Republic of Sakha), Tabasaran (Republic of Dagestan), Tat (Republic of Dagestan), Tatar (Republic of Tatarstan), Tsakhur (Republic of Dagestan), Tuvan (Republic of Tuva) and Udmurt (Republic of Udmurtia) Article 8 – Education Paragraph 1.a.i; b.ii; c.ii; d.ii; e.ii; f.i; g; h; i. Article 9 – Judicial authorities Paragraph 1.a.ii; a.iii; a.iv; b.ii; b.iii; c.ii; c.iii.
  • Natural Radioactive Element Content of the Old Crystalline Rocks in Southern Transdanubia (Sw Hungary)

    Natural Radioactive Element Content of the Old Crystalline Rocks in Southern Transdanubia (Sw Hungary)

    Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Szeged, XL, 121-138, 1999 NATURAL RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT CONTENT OF THE OLD CRYSTALLINE ROCKS IN SOUTHERN TRANSDANUBIA (SW HUNGARY) E. PÁL MOLNÁR*, I. VADOS**, I. GERZSON**, B. KÓBOR* •Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Pétrology, Attila József University "Mecsekérc Environment Protection Co. ABSTRACT On the basis of systématisation of several thousand radioactive element content analyses made in laboratories since the 50's, U and Th content of old granitoid rocks of Southern Transdanubia proved to be much higher than the average U and Th content of granitoids in the world. This value of rocks from areas west of Mecsek Mountains as well as near Szalatnak village and Pecs city is twice higher than the world average. Areas west of the Mecsek Mountains show higher U and lower Th contents than areas east of these mountains. Uranium accumulation is higher in aplites and hydrothermal formations than in granites. The western and eastern granites are less and highly sensitive to leaching, respectively. The intensive U migration resulted in significant U accumulation in young sediments in some places. INTRODUCTION Study of natural radioactive element (U /Ra1, Th, K) content of the rocks in Hungary was performed by the Mecseki Ércbányászati Vállalat (Mecsek Ore Mining Company) until 1990, when uranium exploration was stopped in Hungary. Aim of the analyses was to research U sources, therefore, rocks supposed to contain perspective U accumulation were mainly studied. The aim of this paper is to elaborate many thousands radiological data of granitoid rocks, gneisses and amphibolite-like metamorphic rocks coming from Southern Transdanubia (south of the Szekszárd-Kaposvár-Kutas line to the state boundary, and east of the Kutas-Csokonyavisonta-Barcs line to the Danube).
  • Act Cciii of 2011 on the Elections of Members Of

    Act Cciii of 2011 on the Elections of Members Of

    Strasbourg, 15 March 2012 CDL-REF(2012)003 Opinion No. 662 / 2012 Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) ACT CCIII OF 2011 ON THE ELECTIONS OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT OF HUNGARY This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL-REF(2012)003 - 2 - The Parliament - relying on Hungary’s legislative traditions based on popular representation; - guaranteeing that in Hungary the source of public power shall be the people, which shall pri- marily exercise its power through its elected representatives in elections which shall ensure the free expression of the will of voters; - ensuring the right of voters to universal and equal suffrage as well as to direct and secret bal- lot; - considering that political parties shall contribute to creating and expressing the will of the peo- ple; - recognising that the nationalities living in Hungary shall be constituent parts of the State and shall have the right ensured by the Fundamental Law to take part in the work of Parliament; - guaranteeing furthermore that Hungarian citizens living beyond the borders of Hungary shall be a part of the political community; in order to enforce the Fundamental Law, pursuant to Article XXIII, Subsections (1), (4) and (6), and to Article 2, Subsections (1) and (2) of the Fundamental Law, hereby passes the following Act on the substantive rules for the elections of Hungary’s Members of Parliament: 1. Interpretive provisions Section 1 For the purposes of this Act: Residence: the residence defined by the Act on the Registration of the Personal Data and Resi- dence of Citizens; in the case of citizens without residence, their current addresses.
  • Eastern Finno-Ugrian Cooperation and Foreign Relations

    Eastern Finno-Ugrian Cooperation and Foreign Relations

    UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Eastern Finno-Ugrian cooperation and foreign relations Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gc7x938 Journal Nationalities Papers, 29(1) ISSN 0090-5992 Author Taagepera, R Publication Date 2001-04-24 DOI 10.1080/00905990120036457 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Nationalities Papers, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2001 EASTERN FINNO-UGRIAN COOPERATION AND FOREIGN RELATIONS Rein Taagepera Britons and Iranians do not wax poetic when they discover that “one, two, three” sound vaguely similar in English and Persian. Finns and Hungarians at times do. When I speak of “Finno-Ugrian cooperation,” I am referring to a linguistic label that joins peoples whose languages are so distantly related that in most world contexts it would evoke no feelings of kinship.1 Similarities in folk culture may largely boil down to worldwide commonalities in peasant cultures at comparable technological stages. The racial features of Estonians and Mari may be quite disparate. Limited mutual intelligibility occurs only within the Finnic group in the narrow sense (Finns, Karelians, Vepsians, Estonians), the Permic group (Udmurts and Komi), and the Mordvin group (Moksha and Erzia). Yet, despite this almost abstract foundation, the existence of a feeling of kinship is very real. Myths may have no basis in fact, but belief in myths does occur. Before denigrating the beliefs of indigenous and recently modernized peoples as nineteenth-century relics, the observer might ask whether the maintenance of these beliefs might serve some functional twenty-first-century purpose. The underlying rationale for the Finno-Ugrian kinship beliefs has been a shared feeling of isolation among Indo-European and Turkic populations.
  • Hungarian Prehistory Series

    Hungarian Prehistory Series

    Hungarian Prehistory Series The Hungarians moved to their later homeland, the Carpathian basin at the end of the ninth century. Prior to this period they lived in the western part of the southern Russian steppe as vassals of the Khazar Kaghanate. The ethnic envi- ronment of the Kaghanate had a great impact on the ethnogenesis of the Hun- garians as testified by the numerous Turkic and Iranian loan words as well as the art, the military and the political structure of the Hungarians in the period of the conquest. Therefore, from the point of view of Hungarian prehistory, it is crucial to be familiar with the history of the nomadic peoples, that is, with the "oriental background." The Hungarian Prehistory Series, launched in 1990, aimed to pub- lish source editions, collected papers and monographs in connection with the history of the Eurasian steppe. It includes historical, linguistical and archaeologi- cal studies. The Department of Medieval World History (University of Szeged) has played an active role in the publication of the series since 1994. The published volumes of the series until 2000 are the following: Vol. 1. Őstörténet és nemzettudat 1919-1931. [Prehistory and the National Con- sciousness.] Ed. Eva Kineses Nagy, Szeged 1991. Vol. 2. Sándor, Klára, A Bolognai Rovásemlék. [The Runic Inscription of Bologna.] Szeged 1991. Vol. 3. Szűcs, Jenő, A magyar nemzeti tudat kialakulása. [The Formation of Hungar- ian National Consciousness.] Ed. István Zimonyi, Szeged 1992. Vol. 4. Rovásírás a Kárpát-medencében. [Runic Scripts in the Carpathian Basin.] Ed. Klára Sándor, Szeged 1992. Vol. 5. Szádeczky-Kardoss, Samu, Az avar történelem forrásai.
  • Reconstructing Proto-Ugric and Proto-Uralic Object Marking Katalin É

    Reconstructing Proto-Ugric and Proto-Uralic Object Marking Katalin É

    Reconstructing Proto-Ugric and Proto-Uralic Object Marking Katalin É. Kiss ([email protected]) Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy and Pázmány P. University Abstract This paper demonstrates that syntactic changes in the feature specifications of functional heads can be traced back to undocumented stages of languages. It reconstructs the object–verb relation in Proto-Uralic – by means of the comparative method adapted to syntax. Present-day Uralic languages display differential object–verb agreement and/or differential accusative marking. In double-marking languages, the head licensing object–verb agreement may be different from that licensing accusative-marking. The licensing conditions of object marking are also different across languages. It is argued that the Uralic parent language had both object-verb agreement and accusative assignment licensed by a TP-external functional head with a [topic] feature. The [topic] feature of this head has been reanalyzed as [specific] in Udmurt, and as [definite] in Hungarian – via a natural extention of the content of the notion of topicality. In languages with generalized accusative assignment, i.e., in Hungarian and Tundra Nenets, the licensing of object agreement and accusative marking have been divorced; the latter has come to be associated with v. Keywords: differential object marking (DOM), object–verb agreement, accusative, syntactic reconstruction, comparative method 1. Introduction According to the Borer–Chomsky Conjecture (Borer 1984), the parametric values of grammars are expressed in the functional lexicon. Under this assumption, syntactic changes involve changes in the feature specifications of functional heads. It is an open question whether changes of this type, affecting features of morphologically real or abstract syntactic heads, can be traced back to undocumented stages of languages (cf.
  • My Birthplace

    My Birthplace

    My birthplace Ягодарова Ангелина Николаевна My birthplace My birthplace Mari El The flag • We live in Mari El. Mari people belong to Finno- Ugric group which includes Hungarian, Estonians, Finns, Hanty, Mansi, Mordva, Komis (Zyrians) ,Karelians ,Komi-Permians ,Maris (Cheremises), Mordvinians (Erzas and Mokshas), Udmurts (Votiaks) ,Vepsians ,Mansis (Voguls) ,Saamis (Lapps), Khanti. Mari people speak a language of the Finno-Ugric family and live mainly in Mari El, Russia, in the middle Volga River valley. • http://aboutmari.com/wiki/Этнографические_группы • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9NpQZZGuPI&feature=r elated • The rich history of Mari land has united people of different nationalities and religions. At this moment more than 50 ethnicities are represented in Mari El republic, including, except the most numerous Russians and Мari,Tatarians,Chuvashes, Udmurts, Mordva Ukranians and many others. Compare numbers • Finnish : Mari • 1-yksi ikte • 2-kaksi koktit • 3- kolme kumit • 4 -neljä nilit • 5 -viisi vizit • 6 -kuusi kudit • 7-seitsemän shimit • 8- kahdeksan kandashe • the Mari language and culture are taught. Lake Sea Eye The colour of the water is emerald due to the water plants • We live in Mari El. Mari people belong to Finno-Ugric group which includes Hungarian, Estonians, Finns, Hanty, Mansi, Mordva. • We have our language. We speak it, study at school, sing our tuneful songs and listen to them on the radio . Mari people are very poetic. Tourism Mari El is one of the more ecologically pure areas of the European part of Russia with numerous lakes, rivers, and forests. As a result, it is a popular destination for tourists looking to enjoy nature.
  • Cultural Analysis an Interdisciplinary Forum on Folklore and Popular Culture

    Cultural Analysis an Interdisciplinary Forum on Folklore and Popular Culture

    CULTURAL ANALYSIS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM ON FOLKLORE AND POPULAR CULTURE Vol. 18.1 Comparison as social and comparative Practice Guest Editor: Stefan Groth Cover image: Crachoir as a material artefact of comparisons. Coronette—Modern Crachoir Design: A crachoir is used in wine tastings to spit out wine, thus being able to compare a range of different wines while staying relatively sober. © Julia Jacot / EESAB Rennes CULTURAL ANALYSIS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM ON FOLKLORE AND POPULAR CULTURE Comparison as Social and Cultural Practice Special Issue Vol. 18.1 Guest Editor Stefan Groth © 2020 by The University of California Editorial Board Pertti J. Anttonen, University of Eastern Finland, Finland Hande Birkalan, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey Charles Briggs, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. Anthony Bak Buccitelli, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, U.S.A. Oscar Chamosa, University of Georgia, U.S.A. Chao Gejin, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China Valdimar Tr. Hafstein, University of Iceland, Reykjavik Jawaharlal Handoo, Central Institute of Indian Languages, India Galit Hasan-Rokem, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem James R. Lewis, University of Tromsø, Norway Fabio Mugnaini, University of Siena, Italy Sadhana Naithani, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India Peter Shand, University of Auckland, New Zealand Francisco Vaz da Silva, University of Lisbon, Portugal Maiken Umbach, University of Nottingham, England Ülo Valk, University of Tartu, Estonia Fionnuala Carson Williams, Northern Ireland Environment Agency
  • Transnational Finnish Mobilities: Proceedings of Finnforum XI

    Transnational Finnish Mobilities: Proceedings of Finnforum XI

    Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen (Eds.) Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen This volume is based on a selection of papers presented at Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen (Eds.) the conference FinnForum XI: Transnational Finnish Mobili- ties, held in Turku, Finland, in 2016. The twelve chapters dis- cuss two key issues of our time, mobility and transnational- ism, from the perspective of Finnish migration. The volume is divided into four sections. Part I, Mobile Pasts, Finland and Beyond, brings forth how Finland’s past – often imagined TRANSNATIONAL as more sedentary than today’s mobile world – was molded by various short and long-distance mobilities that occurred FINNISH MOBILITIES: both voluntarily and involuntarily. In Part II, Transnational Influences across the Atlantic, the focus is on sociocultural PROCEEDINGS OF transnationalism of Finnish migrants in the early 20th cen- tury United States. Taken together, Parts I and II show how FINNFORUM XI mobility and transnationalism are not unique features of our FINNISH MOBILITIES TRANSNATIONAL time, as scholars tend to portray them. Even before modern communication technologies and modes of transportation, migrants moved back and forth and nurtured transnational ties in various ways. Part III, Making of Contemporary Finn- ish America, examines how Finnishness is understood and maintained in North America today, focusing on the con- cepts of symbolic ethnicity and virtual villages. Part IV, Con- temporary Finnish Mobilities, centers on Finns’ present-day emigration patterns, repatriation experiences, and citizen- ship practices, illustrating how, globally speaking, Finns are privileged in their ability to be mobile and exercise transna- tionalism. Not only is the ability to move spread very uneven- ly, so is the capability to upkeep transnational connections, be they sociocultural, economic, political, or purely symbol- ic.
  • O Du Mein Österreich: Patriotic Music and Multinational Identity in The

    O Du Mein Österreich: Patriotic Music and Multinational Identity in The

    O du mein Österreich: Patriotic Music and Multinational Identity in the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Jason Stephen Heilman Department of Music Duke University Date: _______________________ Approved: ______________________________ Bryan R. Gilliam, Supervisor ______________________________ Scott Lindroth ______________________________ James Rolleston ______________________________ Malachi Hacohen Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Music in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 ABSTRACT O du mein Österreich: Patriotic Music and Multinational Identity in the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Jason Stephen Heilman Department of Music Duke University Date: _______________________ Approved: ______________________________ Bryan R. Gilliam, Supervisor ______________________________ Scott Lindroth ______________________________ James Rolleston ______________________________ Malachi Hacohen An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Music in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 Copyright by Jason Stephen Heilman 2009 Abstract As a multinational state with a population that spoke eleven different languages, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was considered an anachronism during the age of heightened nationalism leading up to the First World War. This situation has made the search for a single Austro-Hungarian identity so difficult that many historians have declared it impossible. Yet the Dual Monarchy possessed one potentially unifying cultural aspect that has long been critically neglected: the extensive repertoire of marches and patriotic music performed by the military bands of the Imperial and Royal Austro- Hungarian Army. This Militärmusik actively blended idioms representing the various nationalist musics from around the empire in an attempt to reflect and even celebrate its multinational makeup.