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or repaired. (See appendix B of this § 230.67 Responsibility for inspection part.) and repairs. The steam owner and/or STEAM PIPES operator shall inspect and repair all steam and tenders under § 230.62 Dry pipe. their control. All defects disclosed by Dry pipes subject to pressure shall be any inspection shall be repaired in ac- examined at each annual inspection to cordance with accepted industry stand- measure wall thickness. Dry pipes with ards, which may include established wall thickness reduced below that re- railroad practices, before the steam lo- quired to render the pipe suitable for comotive or tender is returned to serv- the service intended at the MAWP ice. The owner and/ must be replaced or repaired. or operator shall not return the steam locomotive or tender to service unless § 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and they are in good condition and safe and pressure parts. suitable for service. The smoke box, steam pipes and pres- sure parts shall be inspected at each SPEED INDICATORS annual inspection, or any other time § 230.68 Speed indicators. that conditions warrant. The indi- vidual conducting the inspection must Steam locomotives that operate at enter the smoke box to conduct the in- speeds in excess of 20 miles per hour spection, looking for signs of leaks over the general system of railroad from any of the pressure parts therein transportation shall be equipped with speed indicators. Where equipped, and examining all draft appliances. speed indicators shall be maintained to STEAM LEAKS ensure accurate functioning. ASH PANS § 230.64 Leaks under lagging. The steam locomotive owner and/or § 230.69 Ash pans. operator shall take out of service at Ash pans shall be securely supported once any boiler that has developed a from mud-rings or frames with no part leak under the lagging due to a crack less than 21⁄2 inches above the rail. in the shell, or to any other condition Their operating mechanism shall be so which may reduce safety. Pursuant to arranged that they may be safely oper- § 230.29, the boiler must be repaired be- ated and securely closed. fore being returned to service. BRAKE AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT § 230.65 Steam blocking view of engine crew. § 230.70 Safe condition. The steam locomotive owner and/or (a) Pre-departure inspection. At the be- operator shall keep the boiler, and its ginning of each day the locomotive is piping and appurtenances, in such re- used, the steam locomotive operator pair that they do not emit steam in a shall ensure that: manner that obscures the engine crew’s (1) The brakes on the steam loco- vision. motive and tender are in safe and suit- able condition for service; (2) The air compressor or compres- Subpart C—Steam Locomotives sors are in condition to provide an and Tenders ample supply of air for the locomotive service intended; § 230.66 Design, construction, and (3) The devices for regulating all maintenance. pressures are properly performing their The steam locomotive owner and op- functions; erator are responsible for the general (4) The brake valves work properly in design, construction and maintenance all positions; and of the steam locomotives and tenders (5) The water has been drained from under their control. the air-brake system.

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(b) Brake pipe valve required. Each § 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors. steam locomotive shall have a brake (a) Frequency of testing. The com- pipe valve attached to the front of the pressor or compressors shall be tested tender, the rear of the back wall, for capacity by orifice test as often as or adjacent to the exit of a vestibuled conditions may require, but not less cab. The words ‘‘Emergency Brake frequently than once every 92 service Valve’’ shall be clearly displayed near days. the valve. (b) Orifice testing criteria. (1) Compres- sors in common use, as listed in the following table, shall have orifice test criteria as follows:

Diameter of Air pressure Make Compressor size Single strokes orifice maintained per minute (in inches) (in pounds)

Westinghouse ...... 91⁄2 ...... 120 11⁄64 60 Westinghouse ...... 11 ...... 100 3⁄16 60 Westinghouse ...... 150 CFM 81⁄2 CC ...... 100 9⁄32 60 Westinghouse ...... 120 CFM 81⁄2 ...... 100 15⁄64 60 New York ...... 2a ...... 120 5⁄32 60 New York ...... 6a ...... 100 13⁄64 60 New York ...... 5b ...... 100 15⁄64 60 Note: This table shall be used for altitudes to and including 1,000 feet. For altitudes over 1,000 feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase in altitude.

(2) For compressors not listed in the D=(.6PR/(S¥.6P)) table in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the air pressure to be maintained shall Where: be no less than 80 percent of the manu- D = Extreme depth of telltale holes in inches facturer’s rated capacity for the com- but in no case less than one-sixteenth inch; pressor. P = certified working pressure in psi; S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile § 230.72 Testing main reservoirs. strength of the material in psi; and R = inside radius of the reservoir in inches. (a) Hammer and hydrostatic testing. Except as described in paragraphs (b) (2) One row of holes shall be drilled through (d) of this section, every main lengthwise of the reservoir on a line reservoir, except those cast integrally intersecting the drain opening. When with the frame, shall be hammer and main reservoirs are drilled as described hydrostatically tested during each an- in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the nual inspection. The reservoir shall be hydrostatic and hammer tests de- hammer tested while empty and with scribed in paragraph (a) of this section no pressure applied. If no defective are not required during the annual in- areas are detected, a hydrostatic test spection. Whenever any telltale hole of MAWP shall be applied. shall have penetrated the interior of any reservoir, the reservoir shall be (b) Drilling of main reservoirs. (1) Only permanently withdrawn from service. welded main reservoir originally con- structed to withstand at least five (c) Welded main reservoirs without lon- gitudinal lap seams. For welded main times the MAWP may be drilled over reservoirs that do not have longitu- its entire surface with telltale holes dinal lap seams, an appropriate NDE 3 that are ⁄16 of an inch in diameter. The method that can measure the wall holes shall be spaced not more than 12 thickness of the reservoir may be used inches apart, measured both longitu- instead of the hammer test and hydro- dinally and circumferentially, and static test required in paragraph (a) of drilled from the outer surface to an ex- this section. The spacing of the sam- treme depth determined by the fol- pling points for wall thickness shall lowing formula: not be greater than 12 inches longitu- dinally and circumferentially. The res- ervoir shall permanently be withdrawn

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from service where the NDE testing re- or dead weight tester designed for this veals wall thickness less than the value purpose. determined by the following formula: § 230.74 Time of cleaning. T=(PR/(S¥.6P) All valves in the air brake system, including related dirt collectors and Where: filters, shall be cleaned and tested in t = Minimum value for wall thickness; accordance with accepted brake equip- P = Certified working pressure in psi; ment manufacturer’s specifications, or S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile as often as conditions require to main- strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 psi tain them in a safe and suitable condi- if the tensile strength is unknown; and tion for service, but not less frequently R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. than after 368 service days or during (d) Welded or riveted longitudinal lap the second annual inspection, which- seam main reservoirs. (1) For welded or ever occurs first. riveted longitudinal lap seam main res- ervoirs, an appropriate NDE method § 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and that can measure wall thickness of the cleaning. reservoir shall be used instead of, or in The date of testing and cleaning and addition to, the hammer test and hy- the initials of the shop or station at drostatic test. The spacing of the sam- which the work is done, shall legibly be pling points for wall thickness shall stenciled in a conspicuous place on the not be greater than 12 inches longitu- tested parts or placed on a card dis- dinally and circumferentially. Par- played under a transparent cover in the ticular care shall be taken to measure cab of the steam locomotive. along the longitudinal seam on both plates at an interval of no more than 6 § 230.76 travel. inches longitudinally. The reservoir (a) Minimum piston travel. The min- shall be withdrawn permanently from imum piston travel shall be sufficient service where NDE testing reveals wall to provide proper brake shoe clearance thickness less than the value deter- when the brakes are released. mined by the following formula: (b) Maximum piston travel. The max- imum piston travel when steam loco- T=(PR/(0.5S¥0.6P)) motive is standing shall be as follows:

Maximum Where: Type of brake piston travel t = Minimum value for wall thickness; (in inches)

P = Certified working pressure in psi; Cam Type Brake ...... 31⁄2 S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile Other forms of Driving Wheel Brake ...... 6 strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 psi Engine Truck Brake ...... 8 if the tensile strength of steel is unknown; Tender Brake ...... 9 and R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. § 230.77 Foundation brake gear. (2) Repairs of reservoirs with reduced (a) Maintenance. Foundation brake wall thickness are prohibited. gear shall be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. Levers, § 230.73 Air gauges. rods, brake beams, hangers, and pins (a) Location. Air gauges shall be so lo- shall be of ample strength, and shall cated that they may be conveniently not be fouled in any way which will af- read by the engineer from his or her fect the proper operation of the brake. usual position in the cab. No air gauge All pins shall be properly secured in may be more than 3 psi in error. place with cotter pine, split keys, or (b) Frequency of testing. Air gauges nuts. Brake shoes must be properly ap- shall be tested prior to reapplication plied and kept approximately in line following removal, as well as during with the tread of the wheel. the 92 service day inspection and when- (b) Distance above the rails. No part of ever any irregularity is reported. the foundation brake gear of the steam (c) Method of testing. Air gauges shall locomotive or tender shall be less than be tested using an accurate test gauge 21⁄2 inches above the rails.

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§ 230.78 Leakage. heating radiators must not be fastened (a) Main reservoirs and related piping. to the cab. Exhaust steam radiators Leakage from main reservoir and re- may be fastened to the cab. (c) If lated piping shall be tested at every 92 Oil-burning steam locomotives. the cab is enclosed, oil burning steam service day inspection and shall not ex- locomotives that take air for combus- ceed an average of 3 psi per minute in tion through the fire-door opening a test of 3 minutes duration that is shall have a suitable conduit extending made after the pressure has been re- from the fire-door to the outside of the duced to 60 percent of the maximum cab. operating pressure. (b) Brake cylinders. Leakage from § 230.81 Cab aprons. brake cylinders shall be tested at every 92 service day inspection. With a full (a) General provisions. Cab aprons service application from maximum shall be of proper length and width to brake pipe pressure, and with commu- ensure safety. Cab aprons shall be se- nication to the brake cylinders closed, curely hinged, maintained in a safe and the brakes on the steam locomotive suitable condition for service, and and tender must remain applied for a roughened, or other provision made, to minimum of 5 minutes. afford secure footing. (c) Brake pipes. Steam locomotive (b) Width of apron. The cab apron brake pipe leakage shall be tested at shall be of a sufficient width to pre- the beginning of each day the loco- vent, when the drawbar is disconnected motive is used, and shall not exceed 5 and the safety chains or the safety bars psi per minute. are taut, the apron from dropping be- tween the steam locomotive and ten- § 230.79 signal system. der. Where utilized, the train signal sys- § 230.82 Fire doors. tem, or any other form of on-board communication, shall be tested and (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- known to be in safe and suitable condi- comotive shall have a fire door which tion for service at the beginning of shall latch securely when closed and each day the locomotive is used. which shall be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. Fire CABS, WARNING SIGNALS, SANDERS AND doors on all oil-burning locomotives LIGHTS shall be latched securely with a pin or key. § 230.80 Cabs. (b) Mechanically operated fire doors. (a) General provisions. Cabs shall be Mechanically operated fire doors shall securely attached or braced and main- be so constructed and maintained that tained in a safe and suitable condition they may be operated by pressure of for service. Cab windows of steam loco- the foot on a pedal, or other suitable motives shall provide an undistorted appliance, located on the floor of the view of the track and signals for the cab or tender at a suitable distance crew from their normal position in the from the fire door, so that they may be cab. Cab floors shall be kept free of conveniently operated by the person tripping or slipping hazards. The cab firing the steam locomotive. climate shall be maintained to provide (c) Hand-operated doors. Hand oper- an environment that does not unrea- ated fire doors shall be so constructed sonably interfere with the engine and maintained that they may be con- crew’s performance of their duties veniently operated by the person firing under ordinary conditions of service. the steam locomotive. (b) Steam pipes. Steam pipes shall not be fastened to the cab. New construc- § 230.83 Cylinder cocks. tion or renewals made of iron or steel Each steam locomotive shall be pipe greater than 1⁄8 inch NPS that are equipped with cylinder cocks which can subject to boiler pressure in cabs shall be operated from the cab of the steam have a minimum wall thickness equiv- locomotive. All cylinder cocks shall be alent to schedule 80 pipe, with properly maintained in a safe and suitable con- rated valves and fittings. Live steam dition for service.

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§ 230.84 Sanders. used in the same train, the leading lo- Steam locomotives shall be equipped comotive only will be required to dis- with operable sanders that deposit sand play a headlight. on the rail head in front of a set of driving . Sanders shall be tested § 230.87 Cab lights. at the beginning of each day the loco- Each steam locomotive shall have motive is used. cab lights that sufficiently illuminate the control instruments, meters and § 230.85 Audible warning device. gauges to allow the engine crew to (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- make accurate readings from their comotive shall be equipped with an au- usual and proper positions in the cab. dible warning device that produces a These lights shall be so located and minimum sound level of 96db(A) at 100 constructed that the light will shine feet in front of the steam locomotive in only on those parts requiring illumina- its direction of travel. The device shall tion and does not interfere with the en- be arranged so that it may conven- gine crew’s vision of the track and sig- iently be operated by the engineer from nals. Each steam locomotive shall also his or her normal position in the cab. (b) Method of measurement. Measure- have a conveniently located additional ment of the sound level shall be made lamp that can be readily turned on and using a sound level meter conforming, off by the persons operating the steam at a minimum, to the requirements of locomotive and that provides sufficient ANSI S1.4–1971, Type 2, and set to an A- illumination to read train orders and weighted slow response. While the timetables. steam locomotive is on level, tangent track, the microphone shall be posi- THROTTLES AND tioned 4 feet above the ground at the center line of the track and shall be § 230.88 Throttles. oriented with respect to the sound Throttles shall be maintained in safe source in accordance with the micro- and suitable condition for service, and phone manufacturer’s recommenda- efficient means shall be provided to tions. hold the throttle lever in any desired position. § 230.86 Required illumination. (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- § 230.89 Reverse gear. comotive used between sunset and sun- (a) General provisions. Reverse gear, rise shall be equipped with an operable headlight that provides illumination reverse levers, and quadrants shall be sufficient for a steam locomotive engi- maintained in a safe and suitable con- neer in the cab to see, in a clear atmos- dition for service. Reverse lever latch phere, a dark object as large as a man shall be so arranged that it can be eas- of average size standing at least 800 ily disengaged, and provided with a feet ahead and in front of such head- spring which will keep it firmly seated light. If a steam locomotive is regu- in quadrant. Proper counterbalance larly required to run backward for any shall be provided for the . portion of its trip other than to pick up (b) Air-operated power reverse gear. a detached portion of its train or to Steam locomotives that are equipped make terminal movements, it shall with air operated power reverse gear also be equipped on its rear end with an shall be equipped with a connection operable headlight that is capable of whereby such gear may be operated by providing the illumination described in steam or by an auxiliary supply of air this paragraph (a). in case of failure of the main reservoir (b) Dimming device. Such headlights air pressure. The operating valve han- shall be provided with a device whereby dle for such connection shall be con- the light from same may be diminished in yards and at stations or when meet- veniently located in the cab of the lo- ing . comotive and shall be plainly marked. (c) Where multiple locomotives utilized. If an independent air reservoir is used When two or more locomotives are as the source of the auxiliary supply

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for the reverse gear, it shall be pro- and shall at all times be under suffi- vided with means to automatically pre- cient compression to keep the chafing vent loss of pressure in event of failure faces in contact. of the main reservoir air pressure. (c) Power reverse gear reservoirs. Power § 230.91 Chafing irons. reverse gear reservoirs, if provided, Chafing irons that permit proper must be equipped with the means to curving shall be securely attached to automatically prevent the loss of pres- the steam locomotive and tender, and sure in the event of a failure of main shall be maintained to permit lateral air pressure and have storage capacity and vertical movement. for not less than one complete oper- ating cycle of control equipment. § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. Couplers, draft gear and attachments DRAW GEAR AND DRAFT SYSTEMS on steam locomotives and tenders shall be securely fastened, and maintained in § 230.90 Draw gear between steam lo- safe and suitable condition for service. comotive and tender. (a) Maintenance and testing. The draw DRIVING GEAR gear between the steam locomotive and tender, together with the pins and fas- § 230.93 and piston rods. tenings, shall be maintained in safe (a) Maintenance and testing. Pistons and suitable condition for service. The and piston rods shall be maintained in pins and drawbar shall be removed and safe and suitable condition for service. tested for defects using an appropriate Piston rods shall be inspected for NDE method at every annual inspec- cracks each time they are removed, tion. Where visual inspection does not and shall be renewed if found defective. disclose any defects, an additional NDE (b) Fasteners. Fasteners (keys, nuts, testing method shall be employed. etc.) shall be kept tight and shall have Suitable means for securing the draw- some means to prevent them from loos- bar pins in place shall be provided. In- ening or falling out of place. verted drawbar pins shall be held in place by plate or stirrup. § 230.94 Crossheads. (b) Safety bars and chains generally. Crossheads shall be maintained in a One or more safety bar(s) or two or safe and suitable condition for service, more safety chains shall be provided with not more than 1⁄4 inch vertical or between the steam locomotive and ten- 5⁄16 inch lateral clearance between der. The combined strength of the safe- crossheads and guides. ty chains or safety bar(s) and their fas- tenings shall be not less than 50 per- § 230.95 Guides. cent of the strength of the drawbar and Guides shall be securely fastened and its connections. These shall be main- maintained in a safe and suitable con- tained in safe and suitable condition dition for service. for service, and inspected at the same time draw gear is inspected. § 230.96 Main, side, and valve motion (c) Minimum length of safety chains or rods. bars. Safety chains or safety bar(s) (a) General. Main, side or valve mo- shall be of the minimum length con- tion rods developing cracks or becom- sistent with the curvature of the rail- ing otherwise defective shall be re- road on which the steam locomotive is moved from service immediately and operated. repaired or renewed. (d) Lost motion. Lost motion between (b) Repairs. Repairs, and welding of steam locomotives and tenders not main, side or valve motion rods shall equipped with spring buffers shall be be made in accordance with an accept- kept to a minimum and shall not ex- ed national standard. The steam loco- ceed 1⁄2 inch. motive owner and/or operator shall (e) Spring buffers. When spring buffers submit a written request for approval are used between steam locomotives to the FRA Regional Administrator and tenders the spring shall be applied prior to welding defective main rods, with not less than 3⁄4 inch compression, side rods, and valve gear components.

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(c) Bearings and bushings. Bearings RUNNING GEAR and bushings shall so fit the rods as to be in a safe and suitable condition for § 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine service, and means shall be provided to truck . prevent bushings from turning in the (a) Condemning defects. Driving, trail- rod. Straps shall fit and be securely ing, and engine truck axles with any of bolted to rods. Floating bushings need the following defects shall be removed not be provided with means to prevent from service immediately and repaired bushings from turning. (see appendix A of this part for inspec- (d) Side motion of rods. The total tion requirements): amount of side motion of each rod on (1) Bent ; its crank pin shall not exceed 1⁄4 inch. (2) Cut journals that cannot be made (e) Oil and grease cups. Oil and grease to run cool without turning; cups shall be securely attached to rods, (3) Transverse seams in iron or steel and grease cup plugs shall be equipped axles; with a suitable fastening that will pre- (4) Seams in axles causing journals to vent them from being ejected. run hot; (f) Main rod bearings. The bore of (5) Axles that are unsafe on account main rod bearings shall not exceed pin of usage, accident or derailment; diameters more than 3⁄32 inch at front (6) Any axle worn 1⁄2 inch or more in or back end. The total lost motion at diameter below the original/new jour- both ends shall not exceed 5⁄32 inch. nal diameter, except as provided in (g) Side rod bearings. The bore of side paragraph (a)(7) of this section; rod bearings shall not exceed pin diam- (7) Any driving axles other than main eters more than 5⁄32 inch on main pin driving axles with an original or new nor more than 3⁄16 inch on other pins. diameter greater than 6 inches that are worn 3⁄4 inch or more in diameter below § 230.97 Crank pins. the original/new diameter. (a) General provisions. Crank pins (b) Journal diameter stamped. For shall be securely applied. Securing the steam locomotives with plain bearings, fit of a loose crank pin by shimming, the original/new journal diameter shall prick punching, or welding is not per- be stamped on one end of the axle no mitted. later than January 18, 2005. (b) Maintenance. Crank pin collars and collar fasteners shall be main- § 230.99 Tender truck axles. tained in a safe and suitable condition The minimum diameters of axles for for service. various axle loads shall be as follows:

Minimum Minimum Minimum diameter of diameter of diameter of Axle load (in pounds) journal wheel seat center (in inches) (in inches) (in inches)

50000 ...... 51⁄2 73⁄8 67⁄16 38000 ...... 5 63⁄4 57⁄8 31000 ...... 41⁄2 61⁄4 55⁄16 22000 ...... 33⁄4 543⁄8 15000 ...... 31⁄4 45⁄8 37⁄8

§ 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles (3) Truck axles that are unsafe on ac- and journals. count of usage, accident, or derail- (a) Tender truck axle condemning de- ment; fects. Tender truck axles with any of (4) A fillet in the back shoulder that the following defects shall be removed is worn out; or from service immediately and repaired: (5) A gouge between the wheel seats 1 (1) Axles that are bent; that is more than ⁄8 of an inch in (2) Collars that are broken, cracked, depth. (b) Tender truck journal condemning or worn to 1⁄4 inch or less in thickness; defects. Tender truck journals with any

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of the following defects shall be re- (6) Has an exposed center core (except moved from service immediately and by design); or repaired : (7) Has metal parts contacting the (1) Cut journals that cannot be made journal; to run cool without turning; (e) A plain bearing that: (2) Seams in axles causing journals to (1) Is missing, cracked, broken; run hot; (2) Has a bearing liner loose; (3) Overheating, as evidenced by pro- (3) Has a broken out piece; or nounced blue black discoloration; (4) Has indications of having been (4) Transverse seams in journals of iron or steel axles; or overheated, as evidenced by: (5) Journal surfaces having any of the (i) Melted babbitt: following: (ii) Smoke from hot oil; or (i) A circumferential score; (iii) Journal surface damage; or (ii) Corrugation; (f) A plain bearing wedge that: (iii) Pitting; (1) Is missing, cracked or broken; or (iv) Rust; (2) Is not located in its design posi- (v) Etching. tion.

§ 230.101 Steam locomotive driving § 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal journal boxes. boxes. (a) Driving journal boxes. Driving jour- Tender roller bearing journal boxes nal boxes shall be maintained in a safe shall be maintained in a safe and suit- and suitable condition for service. Not able condition. more than one shim may be used be- tween the box and bearing. § 230.104 Driving box shoes and (b) Broken bearings. Broken bearings wedges. shall be renewed. Driving box shoes and wedges shall (c) Loose bearings. Loose bearings be maintained in a safe and suitable shall be repaired or renewed. condition for service. § 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes. § 230.105 Lateral motion. Plain bearing journal boxes with the (a) Condemning limits. The total lat- following defects shall be removed eral motion or play between the hubs from service immediately and repaired: of the wheels and the boxes on any pair (a) A box that does not contain visi- of wheels shall not exceed the following ble free oil; limits: (b) A box lid that is missing, broken, or open except to receive servicing; Inches (c) A box containing foreign matter, Engine truck wheels (with swing centers) ...... 1 such as dirt, sand, or coal dust that can Engine truck wheels (with rigid centers) ...... 11⁄2 reasonably be expected to damage the Trailing truck wheels ...... 1 bearing; or have a detrimental effect Driving wheels ...... 3⁄4 on the lubrication of the journal and bearing; (b) Limits increased. These limits may (d) A lubricating pad that: be increased on steam locomotives op- (1) Is missing; erating on track where the curvature (2) Is not in contact with the journal; exceeds 20 degrees when it can be (3) Has a tear extending half the shown that conditions require addi- length or width of the pad, or more, ex- tional lateral motion. cept by design; (c) Non-interference with other parts. (4) Shows evidence of having been The lateral motion shall in all cases be scorched, burned, or glazed; kept within such limits that the driv- (5) Contains decaying or deteriorated ing wheels, rods, or crank pins will not fabric that impairs proper lubrication interfere with other parts of the steam of the pad; locomotive.

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TRUCKS, FRAMES AND EQUALIZING plate not less than 3⁄4 inch. All cen- SYSTEM tering devices shall be properly main- tained and shall not permit lost motion § 230.106 Steam locomotive frame. in excess of 1⁄2 inch. (a) Maintenance and inspection. (b) Safety chain required. A suitable Frames, decks, plates, tailpieces, ped- safety chain shall be provided at each estals, and braces shall be maintained front corner of all four wheel engine in a safe and suitable condition for trucks. service, and shall be cleaned and thor- (c) Clearance required. All parts of oughly inspected as often as necessary trucks shall have sufficient clearance to maintain in a safe and suitable con- to prevent them from interfering with dition for service with cleaning inter- any other part of the steam loco- vals, in any case, not to exceed every motive. 1472 service days. (b) Broken frames. Broken frames § 230.109 Tender trucks. properly patched or secured by clamps (a) Tender truck frames. A tender or other suitable means which restores truck frame shall not be broken, or the rigidity of the frame are permitted. have a crack in a stress area that af- fects its structural integrity. Tender § 230.107 Tender frame and body. truck center plates shall be securely (a) Maintenance. Tender frames shall fastened, maintained in a safe and suit- be maintained in a safe and suitable able condition for service, and provided condition for service. with a center pin properly secured. The (b) Height difference. The difference in male center plate must extend into the height between the deck on the tender female center plate at least 3⁄4 inch. and the cab floor or deck on the steam Shims may be used between truck cen- locomotive shall not exceed 11⁄2 inches. ter plates. (c) Gangway minimum width. The min- (b) Tender truck bolsters. Truck bol- imum width of the gangway between sters shall be maintained approxi- steam locomotive and tender, while mately level. standing on tangent track, shall be 16 (c) Condemning defects for springs or inches. spring rigging. Springs or spring rigging (d) Tender frame condemning defects. A with any of the following defects shall tender frame with any of the following be taken out of service immediately defects shall be removed from service and renewed or properly repaired: immediately and repaired: (1) An elliptical spring with its top (1) Portions of the tender frame or (long) leaf or any other five leaves in body (except wheels) that have less the entire spring pack broken; than a 21⁄2 inches clearance from the top of rail; (2) A broken coil spring or saddle; (2) Tender center sill that is broken, (3) A coil spring that is fully com- cracked more than 6 inches, or perma- pressed; nently bent or buckled more than 21⁄2 (4) A broken or cracked equalizer, inches in any six foot length; hanger, bolt, gib or pin; (3) Tender coupler carrier that is bro- (5) A broken coil spring saddle; and ken or missing; (6) A semi-elliptical spring with a top (4) Tender center plate, any portion (long) leaf broken or two leaves in the of which is missing or broken or that is top half broken, or any three leaves in not properly secured; or the entire spring broken. (5) Tender that has a broken side sill, (d) Tender securing arrangement. crossbearer, or body bolster. Where equipped, tender devices and/or securing arrangements intended to pre- § 230.108 Steam locomotive leading vent the truck and tender body from and trailing trucks. separating in case of derailment shall (a) Maintenance. Trucks shall be be maintained in a safe and suitable maintained in safe and suitable condi- condition for service. tion for service. Center plates shall fit (e) Side bearings and truck centering properly, and the male center plate devices. Where equipped, side bearings shall extend into the female center and truck centering devices shall be

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maintained in a safe and suitable con- repaired by applying clips providing dition for service. the clips can be made to remain in (f) Friction side bearings. Friction side place; bearings shall not be run in contact, (2) Any spring with leaves excessively and shall not be considered to be in shifting in the band; contact if there is clearance between (3) Broken coil springs; or them on either side when measured on (4) Broken driving box saddle, equal- tangent level track. izer, hanger, bolt, or pin. (g) Side bearings. All rear trucks shall be equipped with side bearings. When WHEELS AND TIRES the spread of side bearings is 50 inches, their maximum clearance shall be 3⁄8 § 230.112 Wheels and tires. inch on each side for rear trucks and 3⁄4 (a) Mounting. Wheels shall be se- inch on each side for front trucks, where used. When the spread of the side curely mounted on axles. Prick punch- bearings is increased, the maximum ing or shimming the wheel fit will not clearance shall be increased propor- be permitted. The diameter of wheels tionately. on the same axle shall not vary more than 3⁄32 inch. § 230.110 Pilots. (b) Gage. Wheels used on standard (a) General provisions. Pilots shall be gage track will be out of gage if the in- securely attached, properly braced, and side gage of flanges, measured on base maintained in a safe and suitable con- line is less than 53 inches or more than 3 dition for service. 53 ⁄8 inches. Wheels used on less than (b) Minimum and maximum clearance. standard gage track will be out of gage The minimum clearance of pilot above if the inside gage of flanges, measured the rail shall be 3 inches and the max- on base line, is less than the relevant imum clearance shall be 6 inches meas- track gage less 31⁄2 inches or more than ured on tangent level track. the relevant track gage less 31⁄8 inches. (c) Flange distance variance. The dis- § 230.111 Spring rigging. tance back to back of flanges of wheels (a) Arrangement of springs and equal- mounted on the same axle shall not izers. Springs and equalizers shall be vary more than 1⁄4 inch. arranged to ensure the proper distribu- (d) Tire thickness. Wheels may not tion of weight to the various wheels of have tires with a minimum thickness the steam locomotive, maintained ap- less than that indicated in the table in proximately level and in a safe and this paragraph (d). When retaining suitable condition for service. Adjust- rings are used, measurements of tires ing weights by shifting weights from to be taken from the outside circum- one pair of wheels to another is permis- ference of the ring, and the minimum sible. thickness of tires may be as much (b) Spring or spring rigging condemning below the limits specified earlier in defects. Springs or spring rigging with this paragraph (d) as the tires extend any of the following defects shall be re- between the retaining rings, provided moved from service immediately and it does not reduce the thickness of the renewed or properly repaired: tire to less than 11⁄8 inches from the (1) Top leaf broken or two leaves in throat of flange to the counterbore for top half or any three leaves in spring the retaining rings. The required min- broken. (The long side of a spring to be imum thickness for tires, by wheel cen- considered the top.) Broken springs not ter diameter and weight per axle, is as exceeding these requirements may be follows:

Minimum Weight per axle (weight on drivers divided by number of pairs of driving Diameter of wheel center (inches) thickness wheels) (inches)

30,000 pounds and under ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄4 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 17⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 11⁄2 Over 68 to 74 ...... 19⁄16

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Minimum Weight per axle (weight on drivers divided by number of pairs of driving Diameter of wheel center (inches) thickness wheels) (inches)

Over 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 30,000 to 35,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 13⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 17⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 11⁄2 Over 62 to 68 ...... 19⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 35,000 to 40,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 13⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 17⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 11⁄2 Over 56 to 62 ...... 19⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 15⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 40,000 to 45,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 17⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 11⁄2 Over 50 to 56 ...... 19⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 15⁄8 Over 62 to 68 ...... 111⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 74 ...... 113⁄16 Over 45,000 to 50,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄2 Over 44 to 50 ...... 19⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 15⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 111⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 13⁄4 Over 68 to 74 ...... 113⁄16 Over 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 50,000 to 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 19⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 111⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 13⁄4 Over 62 to 68 ...... 113⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 111⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄4 Over 56 to 62 ...... 113⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 17⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 74 ...... 2

(e) Tire width. Flanged tires shall be flange, tread, rim, plate, hub or brack- no less than 51⁄2 inches wide for stand- ets. ard gage and no less than 5 inches wide (b) Flat spots. Wheels and tires may for narrow gage. Plain tires shall be no not have a single flat spot that is 21⁄2 less than 6 inches wide for standard inches or more in length, or two ad- gage and no less than 51⁄2 inches wide joining spots that are each two or more for narrow gage. inches in length. (c) Chipped flange. Wheels and tires § 230.113 Wheels and tire defects. may not have a gouge or chip in the flange that is more than 11⁄2 inches in Steam locomotive and tender wheels length and 1⁄2 inch in width. or tires developing any of the defects (d) Broken rims. Wheels and tires may listed in this section shall be removed not have a circumferentially broken from service immediately and repaired. rim if the tread, measured from the Except as provided in § 230.114, welding flange at a point 5⁄8 inch above the on wheels and tires is prohibited. A tread, is less than 33⁄4 inches in width. wheel that has been welded is a welded (e) Shelled-out spots. Wheels and tires wheel for the life of the wheel. may not have a shelled-out spot 21⁄2 (a) Cracks or breaks. Wheels and tires inches or more in length, or two ad- may not have a crack or break in the joining spots that are each two or more

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inches in length, or so numerous as to (4) Driving or center endanger the safety of the wheel. with three adjacent spokes or 25 per- (f) Seams. Wheels and tires may not cent or more of the spokes in the wheel have a seam running lengthwise that is broken. within 33⁄4 inches of the flange. (c) Wheel center repairs. Wheel centers (g) Worn flanges. Wheels and tires may be repaired by welding or brazing may not have a flange worn to a 15⁄16 provided that the defect can properly inch thickness or less, as measured at be so repaired and, following the re- a point 3⁄8 inch above the tread. pair, the crankpin and axle shall re- (h) Worn treads. Wheels and tires may main tight in the wheel. Banding of the not have a tread worn hollow 5⁄16 inch hub is permitted. or more. (d) Counterbalance maintenance. Wheel (i) Flange height. Wheels and tires counterbalances shall be maintained in may not have a flange height of less a safe and suitable condition for serv- than 1 inch nor more than 11⁄2 inches, ice. as measured from the tread to the top of the flange. STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TANKS (j) Rim thickness. Wheels may not have rims less than 1 inch thick. § 230.115 Feed water tanks. (k) Wheel diameter. Wheels may not (a) General provisions. Tanks shall be have wheel diameter variance, for maintained free from leaks, and in safe wheels on the same axle or in the same and suitable condition for service. 3 driving wheel base, greater than ⁄32 Suitable screens must be provided for inch, when all tires are turned or new tank wells or tank hose and shall be tires applied to driving and trailing maintained in a manner that allows wheels. When a single tire is applied, the unobstructed flow of water. Feed the diameter must not vary more than water tanks shall be equipped with a 3 ⁄32 inch from that of the opposite wheel device that permits the measurement on the same axle. When a single pair of of the quantity of water in the tender tires is applied the diameter must be feed water tank from the cab or tender 3 within ⁄32 inch of the average diameter deck of the steam locomotive. Such de- of the wheels in the driving wheel base vice shall be properly maintained. to which they are applied. (b) Inspection frequency. As often as § 230.114 Wheel centers. conditions warrant but not less fre- quently than every 92 service days, the (a) Filling blocks and shims. Driving interior of the tank shall be inspected, and trailing wheel centers with divided and cleaned if necessary. rims shall be properly fitted with iron (c) Top of tender. Top of tender behind or steel filling blocks before the tires fuel space shall be kept clean, and are applied, and such filling blocks means provided to carry off excess shall be properly maintained. When water. Suitable covers shall be pro- shims are inserted between the tire and vided for filling holes. the wheel center, not more than two thicknesses of shims may be used, one § 230.116 Oil tanks. of which must extend entirely around the wheel. The shim which extends en- The oil tanks on oil burning steam tirely around the wheel may be in locomotives shall be maintained free three or four pieces, providing they do from leaks. The oil supply pipe shall be not lap. equipped with a safety cut-off device (b) Wheel center condemning defects. that: Wheel centers with any of the fol- (a) Is located adjacent to the fuel lowing defects shall be removed from supply tank or in another safe loca- service immediately and repaired: tion; (1) Wheels centers loose on axle; (b) Closes automatically when (2) Broken or defective tire fas- tripped and that can be reset without tenings; hazard; and (3) Broken or cracked hubs, plates, (c) Can be hand operated from clearly bolts or spokes, except as provided in marked locations, one inside the cab paragraph (b)(4) of this section; or and one accessible from the ground on

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each exterior side of the steam loco- 2. Cleaning and inspection of water glass motive. valves and gauge cocks. 3. Cleaning, washing and inspection of arch APPENDIX A TO PART 230—INSPECTION tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and si- REQUIREMENTS phons. 4. Removal and inspection of all washout The lists in this appendix are intended as and water tube plugs. guidance only. Adherence to this list does 5. Testing of all staybolts. not relieve the steam locomotive owner and/ 6. Removal, cleaning and inspection of fusi- or operator of responsibility for either: (1) ble plugs (if any). Completing the inspection and maintenance requirements described in this part; or (2) en- 92 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.15 suring that the steam locomotive, tender 1. Removal and testing of all air and steam and its parts and appurtenances are safe and gauges. suitable for service. 2. Cleaning of steam gauge siphon pipe. Daily Inspection Requirements; § 230.13 3. Renewal of tubular water glasses. 4. Testing and adjusting of safety relief 1. Observance of lifting pressure of the low- valves. est safety valve. 5. Testing of main reservoir and brake cyl- 2. Testing of water glasses and gauge inder leakage. cocks.* 3. Inspection of tubular water glass shields. 6. Entering and inspection of tender tank 4. Inspection of all cab lamps.* interior. 5. Inspection of boiler feedwater delivery Annual Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 systems.* 6. Inspection of lagging for indication of 1. Testing of thickness of arch and water leaks. bar tubes (arch brick to be removed) 7. Inspection for leaks obstructing vision of 2. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. engine crew. 3. Testing of all staybolts. 8. Observance of compressor(s) and gov- 4. Interior inspection of boiler. ernor to ascertain proper operation.* 5. Thickness verification of dry pipes. 9. Inspection of brake and signal equip- 6. Smoke box inspection. ment.* 7. Main reservoir hammer or UT testing 10. Inspection of brake cylinders for piston and hydrostatic testing (for non-welded and travel. drilled main reservoirs) 11. Inspection of foundation brake gear. 8. Removal and inspection of steam loco- 12. Inspection of sanders.* motive drawbar(s) and pins (NDE testing 13. Inspection of draw gear and chafing other than merely visual) irons. 9. Inspection of longitudinal lap joint boil- 14. Inspection of draft gear. 15. Inspection of crossheads and guides. er seams. 16. Inspection of piston rods and fasteners. 5 Year Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 17. Inspection of main, side, and valve mo- tion rods. 1. Inspection of flexible staybolt caps and 18. Inspection of headlights and classifica- sleeves. tion lamps.* 19. Inspection of running gear. 1472 Service Day Inspection Requirements; 20. Inspection of tender frames and tanks. § 230.17 21. Inspection of tender trucks for amount 1. Removal of boiler flues (as necessary) of side bearing clearance. and cleaning of boiler interior. NOTE: All items marked (*) should be 2. Removal of jacket and lagging and in- checked at the beginning of each day the lo- spection of boiler interior and exterior. comotive is used. 3. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. 4. Thickness verification (boiler survey) 31 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.14 and recomputation and update of steam loco- 1. Washing of boiler. motive specification card, (FRA Form No. 4).

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