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The Evolution of the Steam Locomotive, 1803 to 1898 (1899)

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The Evolution of the Steam Locomotive, 1803 to 1898 (1899) > g s J> ° "^ Q as : F7 lA-dh-**^) THE EVOLUTION OF THE STEAM LOCOMOTIVE (1803 to 1898.) BY Q. A. SEKON, Editor of the "Railway Magazine" and "Hallway Year Book, Author of "A History of the Great Western Railway," *•., 4*. SECOND EDITION (Enlarged). £on&on THE RAILWAY PUBLISHING CO., Ltd., 79 and 80, Temple Chambers, Temple Avenue, E.C. 1899. T3 in PKEFACE TO SECOND EDITION. When, ten days ago, the first copy of the " Evolution of the Steam Locomotive" was ready for sale, I did not expect to be called upon to write a preface for a new edition before 240 hours had expired. The author cannot but be gratified to know that the whole of the extremely large first edition was exhausted practically upon publication, and since many would-be readers are still unsupplied, the demand for another edition is pressing. Under these circumstances but slight modifications have been made in the original text, although additional particulars and illustrations have been inserted in the new edition. The new matter relates to the locomotives of the North Staffordshire, London., Tilbury, and Southend, Great Western, and London and North Western Railways. I sincerely thank the many correspondents who, in the few days that have elapsed since the publication: of the "Evolution of the , Steam Locomotive," have so readily assured me of - their hearty appreciation of the book. rj .;! G. A. SEKON. -! January, 1899. PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. In connection with the marvellous growth of our railway system there is nothing of so paramount importance and interest as the evolution of the locomotive steam engine. At the present time it is most important to place on record the actual facts, seeing that attempts have been made to disprove the correctness of the known and accepted details relative* to several interesting, we might almost write historical, locomotives. In this work most diligent endeavours have been made to chronicle only such statements as are actually correct, without reference to personal opinions. ••-, In a broad sense, and taken as a whole, the old works on locomo- tive history may be accepted as substantially correct. From these, therefore, and from authentic documents provided by the various railways, locomotive builders, and designers, together with the result of much original research, has the earlier portion of this account of the evolution of the locomotive steam engine been constructed. The various particulars of modern locomotive practice have been kindly supplied by the locomotive superintendents of the different British railways, so that no question can arise as to the strict accuracy of this portion of the work. " Nearly forty years ago it was authoritatively stated : That kind of knowledge of the locomotive engine which answers the purpose of a well-informed man has already become so popular that it almost amounts to ignorance to be without it. Locomotive mechanism is very simple in its elementary nature, and the mind is naturally disposed to receive and retain any adequate explanation of striking phenomena, whether mechanical or otherwise; and hence it is that there aro A 2 ' iv. PREFACE thousands of persons who, although in no way concerned in the construction or working of railway engines, are nevertheless com- petent to give a fair general explanation of their structure and mode of working." If such were true at that time it is abundantly evident that it is more so at the threshold of the 20th century, consider- ing the growth of inquiry into, and appreciation of, scientific and mechanical knowledge by an ever widening and increas- ing circle of general readers, which has been one of the marked signs of intellectual development during recent years. Under such circumstances it is not surprising that the locomotive and its history have received a large share of public attention. Whilst railway officers, with the intelligence for which they are justly dis- tinguished, have always evinced a proper desire to be acquainted with the evolution of the " steam horse," the spread of education has increased and quickened a desire for knowledge concerning the locomotive amongst all classes in a remarkable manner. Many of the numerous illustrations that embellish the book have been specially collected for the purpose, and several will be quite new to the majority of readers. Special pains have been taken to admit only such illus- trations the authenticity of which was known to the author, and for the same reason many otherwise interesting pictures, upon the accuracy of which suspicion rested, were excluded from the collection. Despite these exclusions, we believe that no other book on loco- motive history in the English language is so fully illustrated. As it ia proposed to deal with the railway locomotive only, it is not necessary to make more than a passing reference to the more or less crude proposals of Sir Isaac Newton, the Mar- quess of Worcester, Savery, Dr. Robinson, Leupold, and other writers and scientists, who hinted at the possibility of steam loco- motion. Nor does the writer propose to discuss the alleged use of railways and steam locomotives in Germany at a date prior to their general introduction into England. The claims of Cugnot, Symington, Evans, Murdoch, and others as builders or designers of actual or model steam road locomotives will also be passed without discussion. We take this opportunity of expressing our sincere thanks to the locomotive superintendents of British railways, who have all been so willing to assist the author, not only in supplying accurate data concerning the locomotives of their own design, but also for so kindly revising the portions of the volume that relate to the loco- motive history of the particular railway with which each one of these gentlemen is connected. " In conclusion, we leave the " Evolution of the Steam Locomotive to the kindly consideration of our readers, hoping that from a perusal of it they may derive both information and pleasure. G. A. SEKON. December, 1898. CONTENTS. PAGE Prefaces i ii. List of Illustrations vi. Chapter 1 1 II 10 HI 28 IV 40 V 56 VI 66 VII 82 VIII 103 IX 130 X 156 XI 185 XII 205 XIII 231 XIV 260 XV 294 Index 321 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page "330," the latest type of Great Northern Railway express engine Frontispiece The First Railway Locomotive of which authentic particulars are known 3 Locomotive built by Murray for Blenkinsopp's Railway 6 Brunton's " Mechanical Traveller " Locomotive ••• 8 " Hackworth's " Wylam Dilly," generally known as Hedley's " Puffing Billy 11 Hackworth's or Hedley's Second Design, used on the Wylam Rwy. in 1815 13 Stephenson's Initial Driving Gear for Locomotives 15 Stephenson and Dodd's Patent Engine, built in 1815 16 Stephenson's Improved Engine, as altered, fitted with Steel Springs ... 17 ''Locomotion," the First Engine to Run on a Public Railway ... ... 20 The. First Successful Locomotive, Hackworth's "Royal George" ... ... 23 Hackworth's Blast Pipe in the "Royal George" ... ... i.. ... ... 24 Waste Steam Pipe in Stephenson's "Rocket" 25 The "Novelty," entered by Braithwaite and Ericsson for the Rainhill Prize 29 Haokworth's " Sanspareil," one of the Competitors at Rainhill ... ... 32 Stephenson's "Rocket," the Winner of the Rainhill Prize of £500 35 Winan's "Cycloped" Horse Locomotive ... ... ... ... 38 Bury's Original "Liverpool," the First Engine with Inside Cylinders, etc. 41 The " Invicta," Canterbury and Whitstkble Railway, 1830 45 The " Northumbrian," the Engine that Opened the Liverpool and Man- chester Rwy. ... 46 Hackworth's "Globe" for the Stockton and Darlington Railway 48 Stephenson's "Planet," Liverpool and Manchester Railway ... 49 " Wilberforce," a Stockton and Darlington Railway Locomotive 53 Galloway's "Caledonian," built for the Liverpool & Manchester Rwy. in 1832 54 Roberts's "Experiment," with Verticle Cylinders, Bell Cranks, etc. ... 57 Hawthorn's " Comet," First Engine of the Newcastle & Carlisle Rwy., 1835 59 "Sunbeam," built by Hawthorn for the Stockton and Darlington Railway 64 The "Grasshopper," with 10ft. driving wheels, built by Mather, Dixon & Co., for the G.W. Rwy ... ... 73 The "Hurricane," with 10ft. driving wheels, a Broad-Guage Engine, built on Harrison's System ... ... ... 76 The "Thunderer," a geared-up Broad-Guage Engine, built on Harrison's Plan ... 78 Bury's Standard Passenger Engine for the London and Birmingham Railway 33 " Garnet," one of the First Engines of the London and Southampton Rwy. 85 "Harpy," one of Gooch's "Firefly" Class of Broad- Gauge Engines 90 Interior of Paddington Engine House, showing the Broad-Guage Locomo- tives of 1840 92 " Jason," one of Gooch's First Type of Goods Engines for the G.W. Rwy. 93 Paton & Millar's Tank Engine, for working on the Cowlairs Incline, Glasgow 98 Stephenson's " Loag Boiler" Goods Engine, Eastern Counties Railway ... 104 Gray's Prototype of the "Jenny Lind,' No. 49, London & Brighton Rwy. 104 "Hero," a Great Western Railway Six-Coupled Broad- Gauge Goods Engine 106 The 'Great Western " Broad-Gauge Engine as originally Constructed ... 107 The Original " Great Western," as Rebuilt with Two Pairs of Leading Wheels 109 The "Namur," the First Engine built on Crampton's Principle 112 Crampton's "London," First Engine with a Name, on the L &N W. Rwy. 113 "Great Britain," one of Gooch's Famous 8ft. "Singles," G.W. Rwy. ... 114 "No. 61," London and Brighton Railway 115 7 The "Jenny Lind," a Famous Locomotive, built by W ilson and Co. ... 119 Trevithick's " Cornwall,' with 8ft. 6in. Driving Wheels, and Boiler below the Driving Axle ... 120 Trevithick's "Cornwall," as now Running between Liverpool and Manchester 121 " Old Copper Nob," No. 3, Furness Rwy., Oldest Locomotive now at work 1?3 The "Albion," a Locomotive built on the "Cambrian" System 127 The "Fairfield," Adams's Combinsd Broad-Gauge Engine and Train ..
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