Gastromend-HP™ Antimicrobial & Mucosal Healing Support for the Gastrointestinal Tract

GastroMend-HP™ Antimicrobial & Mucosal healing support for the gastrointestinal tract

GastroMend-HP™ benefits: OVERVIEW • Glycyrrhiza glabra helps to maintain GastroMend-HP™ is a blend of botanical extracts and nutrient and support gastrointestinal system complexes with specific antimicrobial and mucosal healing health as well as reduce gastrointestinal properties. This formula helps to provide activity against mucosal inflammation Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria associated with ulceration. • Mastic gum research proves its Together, this novel combination of substances delivered in antimicrobial abilities, showing it to a quick-release capsule for action in the stomach and duodenum be effective against H. pylori infection provides a valuable tool in the management of ulcers and gastritis by addressing both the eradication of H. pylori and the healing and • Zinc carnosine shows to be an protection of the mucosal tissue. The recommended usage for this impressive anti-H. pylori agent as well product is four capsules daily, two capsules twice per day before as being protective to the mucosa with meals, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. anti-ulcerative properties

KEY FEATURES: Mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscus) is a resinous substance from a tree originally native to the island of Chios in Greece and has a long historic use in the Mediterranean and Middle East regions of the world where it has been chewed like gum to help with stomach pain. Research on mastic proves its antimicrobial abilities, showing it to be effective against H. pylori infection.2,3,4 In the 1980s, it was first reported that Chois Mastic Gum (CMG) was a potential agent for the treatment of duodenal ulcer in humans.21 A double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 38 patients with symptomatic and endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer to compare the therapeutic responses to mastic (1 g daily, 20 patients) and placebo (lactose, 1 g daily, 18 patients) given orally over a period of two weeks. Symptomatic relief was obtained in 16 (80%) patients on CMG and in 9 (50%) patients on placebo. In addition, endoscopically-proven healing occurred in 14 (70%) patients on CMG and 4 (22%) patients on placebo. The differences between treatments were highly significant.24 In another study, the antibacterial activity of CMG was evaluated against clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium that represents the major etiological agent of gastritis, gastric, and duodenal ulcer disease and can cause gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B-cell lymphoma.22 The influence of CMG on the morphology of H. pylori was determined by transmission electron microscopy. CMG was found to induce protrusions, morphological abnormalities, and cellular fragmentation in H. pylori cells, indicating that CMG exhibits anti-H. pylori activity.4 Finally, a recent report presents evidence that CMG inhibits H. pylori inflammation by inhibiting neutrophil activation in vitro.23,24

Mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscus) cont. Chios Mastic Gum exhibits anti-inflammatory effects as shown in a 2010 study where both solid and liquid preparations of CMG inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory substances such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells.23 Western blot and (RT-PCR) analyses showed that CMG inhibited the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 at both the mRNA and protein level. This data demonstrated that CMG inhibits the production of both NO and PGE2 by activated macrophages mostly via its cytotoxic action.24 Furthermore, CMG inhibited protein kinase C, which attenuates production of H2O2 by NADPH oxidases,26 and carrageenan-induced statistically significant oedema, supporting the suggestion that CMG could be used as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.24,25,26, With mastic gum exhibiting strong anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and gastric mucosal healing properties, it is a great option for invasive gastrointestinal bacteria such as H pylori whilst also making it a great candidate when there is inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Liquorice is a well-established anti-ulcer and mucosal healing botanical. Liquorice is a mucilaginous herb that can provide enhancement of intestinal function by coating and soothing the intestinal lining and promoting the healing of ulcers and inflamed tissue.22 Research suggests that the flavonoids in liquorice, and other flavonoid-containing herbs like green tea, have impressive antimicrobial activity against H. pylori. Even more impressive, the flavonoids in liquorice showed anti-H. pylori activity against a clarithromycin and amoxicillin-resistant strain.

Zinc Carnosine was chosen because of the exciting literature that has been emerging showing the impressive anti-H. pylori, mucosal protective and anti-ulcerative properties of this compound. This would include the ability to protect the intestinal lining against damage due to indomethacin and other strong anti-inﬂammatory medications often associated with intestinal mucosal damage.8,9,10 The anti-ulcer activity of Zinc Carnosine is well known, and studies show the inhibitory effect of zinc carnosine was greater than that of cimetidine, which is renowned as an anti gastric ulcer drug. Zinc Carnosine dose-dependently inhibited the formation of gastric ulcers, and the pharmacological activity seems attributable mainly to zinc ion, presumably transported effectively into the ulcer by means of L-carnosine.25 It appears that the mechanism of action of Zinc carnosine on mucosal healing is due to the slow dissociation rate of zinc carnosine in gastric juice due to the polymeric character allowing zinc carnosine prolonged existence in the stomach which maintains the healing effect on the mucosa for a long time.25 Excellent improvement with good compliance was proved in numerous clinical studies by the use of Zinc Carnosine at 150 mg per day administration. Endoscopic healing rates were 27.3% and 64.5% after 4- and 8-week treatments, respectively. The remarkable improvement rates of subjective and objective symptoms were 61.3% and 72.0% after 4 and 8-weeks, respectively. Global evaluation of improvement indicated 54.3% remarkable improvement and 77.3% including moderate improvement. The safety recognition rate was 98.2%. No symptomatic side effect was reported in 691 cases of clinical trials, indicating the toxicity of zinc carnosine to be very low.25 Polaprezinc shows an inhibitory effect against the growth of Helicobacter pylori.26 The mechanism of this effect has not been clariﬁed. Considering the effect of zinc on urease,27 which is excreted from Helicobacter pylori for its growth under the strongly acidic conditions in the stomach, the following inference is possible. It is well known that the active centre of urease contains nickel ion, which is indispensable to the enzymatic activity. If nickel is replaced by zinc, urease is substantially inactivated. We can presume that the replacement of nickel by zinc occurs considering the comparable complex-forming ability of these two metal ions, and inactivation of urease may cause the inhibition of growth of Helicobacter pylori.

Vitamin C rounds out this formula by providing not only anti-H. pylori activity but tissue healing ability as well.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS PER CAPSULE: EXCIPIENT INGREDIENTS PER CAPSULE: Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) extract 46.88 mg - Hypromellose - Silicon dioxide Equiv to dry root 375.04 mg - Puriﬁed water - Pectin Mastic 250 mg - Magnesium stearate Polaprezinc (zinc carnosine) 18.78 mg - Maltodextrin Equiv zinc 4 mg - Carrageenan

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) 125 mg - Microcrystalline cellulose

DOES NOT CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING: PACK SIZE:

Gluten, dairy, lactose, seeds or nuts. 60 per bottle.

DIRECTIONS FOR USE:

Take 4 capsules per day, or as directed by your healthcare professional/or as professionally prescribed.

Designed, encapsulated & packed in Australia from local and imported ingredients.

PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: > Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) may increase the metabolism of warfarin and reduce its effects. > Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) may cause hypertension and hypokalemia. Avoid using in hypertensive patients or in patients where hypokalemia is a major risk. > Not advised in pregnancy or breast-feeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking mastic if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use. > Not recommended for those with an allergy to Schinus terebinthifolious and other Pistacia species. People who are allergic to these plants might also be allergic to mastic tree.

WARNINGS: If symptoms persist consult your healthcare practitioner.

REFERENCES 1. Braun and Cohen. Herbs & Natural Supplements. An Evidence-Based guide 4th Ed. Elevier Australia Chatswood. NSW P915. 2. Gaby AR. Helicobacter pylori eradication: are there alternatives to antibiotics? Altern Med Rev. 2001 Aug;6(4):355-66. 3. Paraschos S, Magiatis P, Mitakou S, et al. In vitro and in vivo activities of Chios mastic gum extracts and constituents against Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Feb;51(2):551-9. Epub 2006 Nov 20. 4. Marone P, Bono L, Leone E. Bactericidal activity of Pistacia lentiscus mastic gum against Helicobacter pylori. J Chemother. 2001 Dec;13(6):611-4. 5. Huwez FU, Thirlwell D, Cockayne A. Mastic gum kills Helicobacter pylori. N Engl J Med. 1998 Dec 24;339(26):1946. 6. Mahmood A, Fitzgerald AJ. Zinc carnosine, a health food supplement that stabilizes small bowel integrity and stimulates gut repair processes. Gut. 2007 Feb;56(2):168-75. 7. Odashima M. Zinc L-carnosine protects colonic mucosal injury through induction of heat shock protein 72 and suppression of NF-kappaB activation. Life Sci. 2006 Nov 10;79(24):2245-50. 8. Mikami K, Otaka M, Watanabe D. Zinc L-carnosine protects against mucosal injury in portal hypertensive gastropathy through induction of heat shock protein 72. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Nov;21(11):1669-74. 9. Langmead L, et al. Antioxidant effects of herbal therapies used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an in vitro study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 2002 Feb;16(2):197-205. 10. Nichols TW, Faass N. Optimal Digestion, New Strategies for Achieving Digestive Health. Avon, New York, 1999. 11. Lipski E. Digestive wellness. New Canaan, CT: Keats, 1996:200-03. 12. Pizzorno JE, Murray MT. Textbook of Natural Medicine (2nd Ed.), Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1999. 13. PDR for Herbal Medicines 1st Ed., Medical Economics Co., Montvale, New Jersey, 1998. 14. Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Complimentary & Alternative Medicines: Professional’s Handbook. Springhouse, Springhouse, PA, 1999. 15. Werbach MR, Murray, MT. Botanical Influences on Illness: A sourcebook of clinical research. Third Line Press, Tarzana, California, 1994. 16. Bascom A. Incorporating Herbal Medicine Into Clinical Practice. F.A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, 2002. 17. Cheallier A. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. Dorling Kindersley, London, 2000. 18. PDR for Nutritional Supplements 1st Ed., Medical Economics Co., Montvale, New Jersey, 2001. 19. Robbers JE, Speedie MK, Tyler VE. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1996. 20. Fukai T, Maruma A, Kaitou K, Kanda T, Terada S, Nomura T Anti-Helicobactor flavonoids from Licorice extract. Life sciences. 2002;1449-1463. 21. Al-Habbal MJ, Al-Habbal Z, Huwez FU: A double-blind controlled clinical trial of mastic and placebo in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 11:541-544. 22. Aebischer T, Meyer TF, Andersen LP: Inflammation, immunity, and vaccines for Helicobacter. Helicobacter 15(Suppl 1):21-28. 23. Choli-Papadopoulou T, Kottakis F, Papadopoulos G, Pendas S: Helicobacter pylori neutrophil activating protein as target for new drugs against H. pylori inflammation. World J Gastroenterol 17:2585-2591,2011. 24. Braca A, Dal Piaz F, Marzocco S, Autore G, Vassallo A, De Tommasi N: Triterpene derivatives as inhibitors of protein involved in the inflammatory process: molecules interfering with phospholipase A(2), cycloxygenase, and lipoxygenase. Curr Drug Targets 12:302-321,2011. 25. Mahmoudi M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Hafezi S, Nabavi SM, Eslami SH: Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of gum mastic. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sc 14:765-976,2010. 26. Triantafyllou A, Bikineyeva A, Dikalova A, Nazarewicz R, Lerakis S, Dikalov S: Anti-inflammatory activity of Chios mastic gum is associated with inhibition of TNF-alpha induced oxidative stress. Nutr J 10:64,2011. 27. Chios Mastic Gum: A Plant-produced Resin Exhibiting Numerous Diverse Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Properties KONSTANTINOS S. DIMAS1, PANAYOTIS PANTAZIS2 and RAMA RAMANUJAM2 Invivo Jnl accessed 21 Jan 2019, www.iv.iiarjournals.org 28. T. Matsukura and H. Tanaka Applicability of Zinc Complex of L-Carnosine for Medical Use, Biochemistry (Moscow), Vol. 65, No. 7, 2000, pp. 817-823. 29. Raimsford, K. D., Goldie, J., and Hunt, R. H. (1997) Pharm. Sci., 1997, 483-485. 30. Perez, G. H., Gower, C. B., and Blazer, M. J. (1994) Infection and Immunity, 62, 299-302.