Ralph Abernathy Former Slaves,Wasborninlinden, Alph Davidabernathy,Thegrandsonof the Civilrightsmovement Name ______- After Youhavefinishedreadingthe 1950S And1960s

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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. of fullcivilrightsforallAfricanAmerican were totallycommittedtotheachievement was alsoapastorinthesamecity.Bothmen Abernathy metMartinLutherKingJr.,who church inMontgomery,Alabama,Reverend other insociology.WhilepastorofaBaptist graduate degrees,oneinmathematics,the cation andreceivedbothundergraduate Baptist minister,Abernathypursuedhisedu whatever areahechose.Ordainedasa farmer whoencouragedhissontosucceedin Alabama, in1926.Hisfatherwasasuccessful Literature, Primary Source,andBiography Readings R forbidding racialdiscrimination. that workareevidentincivilrightslegislation means ofsocialchange.Thepositiveresults continued theworkofnonviolentresistanceasa King’s assassination,ReverendAbernathy architects ofpeacefulcivildisobedience.After Abernathy andMartinLutherKingJr.werethe key leadersintheCivilRightsMovement. rural backgroundandrosetobecomeoneofthe Reverend RalphAbernathycamefromasouthern selection, answerthefollowingquestionsin spaceprovided. 1. 31 31 UNDERSTANDING WHATYOUREAD contact withoneanother? How didRalphDavidAbernathyandMartinLuther KingJr.happentocomeinto Ralph Abernathy former slaves,wasborninLinden, alph DavidAbernathy,thegrandsonof The CivilRightsMovement Name ______- After youhavefinishedreadingthe 1950s and1960s. of theCivilRightsMovementduringlate includes hisviewoftheformationandactions The bookchroniclesAbernathy’slifeand And theWallsCameTumblingDown nation in1968. president oftheSCLCafterKing’sassassi successor, Abernathyassumedtheroleof years ofthe1960s.AsKing’sdesignated civil rightsthroughoutthetumultuous American effortsinthenonviolentfightfor which wasinstrumentalinfocusingAfrican Southern ChristianLeadershipConference, 20 years. place withinAmericansocietyoverthenext ning ofanenormouschangethatwouldtake American citizensin1955.Thiswasthebegin gated MontgomerybussystembyAfrican helped organizethefirstboycottofsegre rights andracialsegregationcannotcoexist, South. Abernathy,recognizingthattruecivil was anacceptedwayoflifethroughoutthe those goals. employing anonviolentapproachtoachieve citizens. Theywereequallycommittedto Abernathy publishedhisautobiography, In 1957AbernathyandKingformedthe In the1940sand1950sracialsegregation Class BIOGRAPHY READING ______Date Chapter 31 ______, in1989. 185 - - - 186 Chapter 31,BiographyReading,Continued 4. 3. 2. ACTIVITY 1950s and1960s. lent meanstodealwithanissueasvolatilesegregationwasintheSouthof dialogue inwhichyoudiscusshisreasonsforbelievingsostronglyusingnonvio Imagine thatyouareatalkshowhostinterviewingRalphDavidAbernathy.Write When andhowdidAbernathybecomepresidentoftheSCLC? change? What approachdidReverendAbernathyandKingusetoeffectsocial was like? Based onthereading,whatdoyouthinkrelationshipbetweentwomen Chapter 31 Literature, Primary Source,andBiography Readings -

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 244 physical confrontation. more couragethansimplyengaginginviolent ing thatanonviolentapproachoftenrequires that thestudentdemonstrateunderstand ants” refusestofightback.Itisalsoimportant bility oflessaggressionifonethe“combat potentially violentsituation,thereisapossi Answers shouldreflectobservationsthatina how itwasusedinthefightforcivilrights. standing ofwhatnonviolentresistanceisand Students’ answersshouldindicateanunder ACTIVITY BIOGRAPHY explore whytheyhadthatreaction. somebody orsomething.Encouragethemto where theyhavehadastrongreactionto Encourage studentstoreflectonsituations Students’ exampleswillvarywidely. ACTIVITY 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. tion in1968. assumed theroleafterKing’sassassina He wasKing’sdesignatedsuccessorand nonviolence andcivildisobedience relationship. also infersthattheyhadaclosepersonal trust andconfidenceinhim.Thereading sor, Kingmusthavehadagreatdealof Abernathy wasKing’sdesignatedsucces One possibleanswermightbethatsince Montgomery, Alabama. They werebothpastorsofchurchesin that guilt. edge ofguilt,andawishtobeabsolved from alackofunderstanding,knowl American population.Thefearcomes The whitesocietyisafraidoftheAfrican Americans. not knowwhattodowithAfrican white societyandthepowersthatbedo and suspicion.Baldwin’spointisthat It throwswhitesocietyintoconfusion diseases suchascancerandtuberculosis Answer Key ------Literature, Primary Source,andBiography Readings today’s HighStyle. ters, andanunderstandingofwhatconstitutes ture ofthelocale,adescriptioncharac Students’ scenesshouldgivethereaderapic ACTIVITY LITERATURE PRIMARY SOURCE 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 4. 3. 2. 1. and status. boys’ preoccupationwithcarsforidentity Answers willvarybutshouldreflectthe and madehimchange. rator showedupinhisoriginalclothes, Harvey’s would“shoot”themifthenar They commentedthatthekidsat roles. clothes creatednotforjobsbutlife It wasaradicalchangeinmen’sfashion, white ducks,shoes seersucker coat,oxfordblueshirt,necktie, cars, hairstyles,andclothes to showeachotherthelatestfashionsin control. tion andharassedthose it couldnot rights offreespeechand fairrepresenta cils, controllingtheAmerican Indians’ Bureau interfered.Ittookoverthecoun reservation councilswereworking,the Mills’s negativefeelings,becausewhenthe Answers willvarybutshouldreflectMr. they sawfit. reservations—to settletheirproblemsas their ownaffairsonthecoloniesand Indians therighttoorganizeandgovern It waspassedin1934andgaveAmerican ships, livelihood,triballife,andvalues. land throughceremony,familyrelation the AmericanIndian’slifewastiedto Answers willvary,butshouldreflectthat tion. must recognizeandrespondtothatsitua their lives,andthattheAmericanpeople changed it,whichprofoundlyaffected took theAmericanIndians’landand understanding thattheAmericanpeople Answers willvarybutshouldreflectan CHAPTER 32 ------