26200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 The list which I submitted as a sup­ Mr. CANNON. I would agree with the (H.R. 6508) to provide additional assist­ plement to the list furnished by the dis­ Senator completely, if there were no real ance for the reconstruction of areas tinguished Senator from Maine in our purpose to it. damaged by major disasters. hearings shows that the effort to get Mr. PROXMIRE. What is the purpose? cooperation has continued, a series of Mr. CANNON. The Senator from Wis­ attempts, up to the present time, up to consin just read the purpose. He read ADJOURNMENT UNTll.. 10 A.M. September. that into the RECORD a few moments ago. TOMORROW On the other point, as to cutting off Mr. PROXMIRE. I am very interested Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres­ after Apollo 12, we have nine Saturn V's to hear that, because the Senator from ident, if there be no further business to now that are either built or in the proc­ Nevada is an extraordinarily able sena­ come before the Senate, I move, in ac­ ess of construction. This is a pretty tor and has studied this program; and cordance with the previous order, that expensive piece of hardware to stop if anybody can give us an answer on the Senate stand in adjournment until everything and say, "Hold the boat. We're this, I am sure he can. It is said that the 10 o'clock tomorrow morning. not going to go any further. We have purpose is to give us a better scientific The motion was agreed to; and Cat 8 invested this money, but let us not spend knowledge of the earth and the moon o'clock and 2 minutes p.m.) the Senate any more money because we can't get and there is a human fulfillment in be­ adjourned until tomorrow, Friday, Sep­ cooperation from the Russians or some­ ing able to look at television and seeing tember 19, 1969, at 10 a.m. one else." additional landings on the moon. n Mr. PROXMIRE. I cannot resist one seems to me that this says there is not a Parthian shot. The Senator from Nevada significant purpose in benefiting human CONFIRMATIONS seems to be saying that we have spent life and the quality of life in this country Executive nominations confirmed by the money and have the equipment. or in other countries. the Senate September 18, 1969: Therefore, why not use it, even if there AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT is no real purpose t.o be gained in doing so? Why not go ahead with it? Well, we Joel Bernstein, of Illinois, to be an Assist­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE ant Administrator of the Agency for Inter­ can save $800 million by not using it, ac­ national Development. cording to the letter from Dr. Paine. A message from the House of Rep­ Ernest Stern, of the District Of Columbia, That is his own estimate. I think he is resentatives by Mr. Bartlett, one of its to be an Assistant Administrator of the being conservative. We can save $800 mil­ reading clerks, announced that the Agency for International Development. lion. I think that 1s a very strong argu­ House had agreed to the report of the COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION ment in this day of enormous burdens committee of conference on the dis­ Thomas K. Cowden, of Michigan, to be a on our taxpayer and inflation in favor agreeing votes of the two Houses on the member of the Board of Directors of the of postponing manned :flights. amendment of the Senate to the bill Commodity Credit Corporation.

EXTENSIONS OF RE.MARKS

HUD'S SECRETARY GEORGE ROM­ if I summarize briefly its purposes and limi­ many other flood-prone areas and commu­ NEY OUTLINES AID FOR HURRI­ tations, and indicate the actions we propose nities throughout the United States. CANE VICTIMS UNDER FL.OOD IN­ to take in response to such disasters. In response to the obvious insurance needs SURANCE ACT Based upon a recognition by the Congress of these other areas and to the increasing of the vast number of persons currently re­ social and economic costs of unrestrained siding in floOd-prone areas and the imprac­ flood plain development, the Federal Insur­ HON. JOE L. EVINS ticality of their relocation, the Flood Insur­ an'Ce Administrator, Mr. George K. Bernstein, OF TENNESSEE ance Act contemplates both a comprehensive has been seeking new ways of accelerating program of land management for flood-prone the flood insurance program and expediting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES areas and a nationwide program of Federal the provision of Federal :flood insurance Thursday, September 18, 1969 flood insurance in response to the fact that throughout the United States as rapidly as such coverage ls generally unavailable from statutory limitations and our existing funds Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, private sources. Thus, as a condition of Fed­ permit. Thus, in August he instructed the in 1968 the Congress enacted the Na­ eral insurance, and in order to minimize fu­ Oorps of Engineers and other agencies that tional Flood Insurance Act to assist those ture losses of life and property, a community all pending and future studies should be homeowners living in areas subjected to must adopt appropriate land use and control made on a zone rather than a structure basis, :flooding. The recent Hurricane Camille regulations restricting unwise future utill­ which would significantly shorten the time zatlon of its flood plain. required for the study. Economies of scale and the devastation it caused underlined Because of the concentration of .hazards in and any other time and money-saving meth­ the importance of the program. these flood-prone areas and the consequent ods will be sought wherever possible. In this connection, Secretary George inabllity of any insurer, private of govern­ While we cannot promise results over­ Romney of the Department of Housing mental, to spread the risk and the cost of in­ night, we hope to make significant new and Urban Development has recently surance, the actuarial rate for flood insur­ progress in this vital program during the outlined proposals to increase the effi­ ance would prove prohibitive to most affected next few months. ciency and effectiveness of this insurance persons. Therefore, the statute provides for Sincerely, Federal Subsidization of the first $17,500 of GEORGE ROMNEY. plan. flood insurance on single family structures, Because of the interest of my col­ the first $30,000 on two-to-four family leagues and the American people in this structures, and the first $5,000 on the con­ TREATMENT OF AMERICAN PRIS­ most important program, I place in the tents of any dwelling unit. Similar coverage ONERS BY THE NORTH VIET­ RECORD herewith a copy of a letter from will also be made available for small busi­ NAMESE AND THE NATIONAL Secretary Romney discussing the mat­ nesses in the near future. At the present LIBERATION FRONT ter and outlining proposals to improve time, three communities in the United States its administration. have such Federal flood insurance available­ Metairie, Louisiana; Fairbanks, Alaska; and HON. DELBERT L. LATTA The letter follows: Alexandria, Virginia. THE SECRETARY OF HOUSING Many more communities are now seeking OF OHIO AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, this coverage, but as an outgrowth of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Washington, D.C., Sept. 15, 1969. early history of the statute, detailed rate­ Wednesday, September 17, 1969 DEAR CONGRESSMAN: The recent disasters making studies were initially deemed neces­ caused by Hurricane Camille have empha­ sary for each community seeking the cov­ Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, I have sized -the potential significance of the Na­ erage. Such studies are extremely time-con­ joined with many other Members of tional Flood Insurance Program. The Pro­ suming and would unquestionably take many this House in cosponsoring a resolution, gram, authorized by the National Flood In­ years to carry out. At present, only 40 such stating it to be the sense of Congress surance Act of 1968, is administered by the studies are underway or under contract by that the President, the Department ·of Federal Insurance Administration of this the Federal Insurance Administration with Department, utilizing the services of the such agencies as the U.S. Army Corps of State, the Department of Defense, the . private. insurance industry. In light of the Engineers and the Tennessee Valley Author­ United Nations, and the people of the increasing number of inquiries we are re­ ity. Yet recent events have made abundantly world appeal t.o North Vietnam and the ceiving about the program, it may be useful clear the urgent need for flood insurance in National Liberation Front of South September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26201 Vietnam to comply with the Geneva while it offers professional training to This "extra-curricular activity," combined its students at the same time. With the regular schedule of instruction, Convention relative to the treatment of gives every PCO student a practical and pan­ prisoners of war and the inspection of In order to acquaint Senators with the oramic view of his chosen profession. To prison facilities. It is almost impossible many achievements of Pennsylvania these must be added over 800 hours of at­ to believe that a civilized nation would College of Optometry during its 50 years, tendance in the clinics, where the students withhold information on prisoners of and its plans for the future, I ask unani­ receive tremendous opportunities for the war from their families for periods as mous consent to have printed in the greatest diversity of experience in optometric long as 5 years despite their families' RECORD an article about the school, pub­ practice. continuing efforts to secure the same. lished in the Journal of the American An Externship Program is in effect between Optometric Association for December the third and fourth years externees spent Yes, Mr. Speaker, some of our 1,355 a minimum of one week in offices of prac­ American servicemen missing in action 1968. titioners, where they get a feel of day-to-day or in enemy hands have now been held There being no objection, the article professional life. captive by North Vietnam for more than was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, To keep open and active the line of com­ 5 long years. The Department of De­ as follows: munication between student, faculty and ad­ fense has reason to believe that as many PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY ministration, there are faculty and student Curriculum Evaluation Committees. Student as 401 of these men are prisoners of war. (By Andrew F. Fis·cher, O.D.1 ) Nine hundred and fifty-four of these committee members meet with faculty com­ The Pennsylvania College of Optometry mittee members and the Dean. Students are 1,355 servicemen are carried as missing stands on the threshold of its 50th annive·r­ encouraged to offer their evaluations of in action as information is not available sary. But PCO does not have to reach back courses. concerning them. One cannot begin to into the distant past to d:ramatize present To house students in comfort on campus, comprehend the anxiety, grief, and frus­ progress. Impressive changes can be brought PCO has constructed an apartment building tration which has been suffered by the into focus by contrasting the 1968/69 ses­ which can accommodate 150 occupants. There families of these servicemen during this sion with that of 1961/62. For example: are both efficiency and one-bedroom units, In 1961/ 62 the student body numbered all attractively furnished. The building, com­ period of time. Certainly, the North 109. It now approaches 400. Vietnamese and the National Liberation pleted in 1966, is fireproof, sound-treated and Faculty has grown from 27 to 52. air conditioned to make its occupants as com­ Front should have a little human de­ In the past s:ix years, the opeirating budget fortable as possible. On the ground floor is a cency hidden away someplace. For them has quintupled-from approximately $200,- lounge and recreation room, which is avail­ to release just the names of the prison­ 000 to over $1,000,000. able for tenant use and social functions. Al­ ers being held would be welcome news to The Albert Fitch Memo.rial Library (named though residence in the student apartment the families and a big step toward peace. for the founder of the College) , is the largest house is voluntary, it is fully occupied and I join with others in urging them to do specialized Hbrary of its kind in the world, there is a waiting list. so now. has expanded from 6,100 to neiarly 10,000 The Alumni Association is large and active. volumes. (Seven past presidents of the Amerioan Acad­ In contrast to the failure of the North The value of laboratory and clinical equip­ Vietnamese and the National Liberation emy of Optometry are PCO alumni, as is the ment has more than doubled, from about president-elect of the American Optometric Front to comply with the terms of the $240,000 to almost $600,000. Association.) Attendance at reunions and Geneva Convention, the detention camps In 1961/62 the College clinics accommo­ luncheons remains gratifyingly high. And to holding prisoners taken by our forces are dated 19,500 patient visits. In 1968/69 it is keep the 2,500 alumni mformed on latest regularly inspected by the International estimated that 55,000 patient visits will be developments-and their own activities-a Red Cross, adequate facilities are main­ recorded in the four clinics. This makes 48-page quarterly Alumni Bulletin is pub­ tained, and lines of communication re­ PCO's public clinics, by attendance, the lished which also contains relevant technical largest optometric clinics in the United material. main open. It is time for the North Viet­ States. WHAT LIES AHEAD namese and the National Liberation SOME EARLIER HIGHLIGHTS Front to do likewise. To document innovations the College con­ Most immediately, PCO looks forward to tributed to the profession, one musrt go back completion and occupancy of its new build­ ing. This 86,000 square-foot structure will .a little farther in time. In 1922 PCO was the first college of optometry to establish a free contain all administrative offices and aca­ PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE OF OP­ public eye clinic. In 1935 instruction in demic facilities, exclusive of clinics. Made contact lens practice was stiarted. In 1954 possible by both Federal and State monies­ TOMETRY MARKS ITS 50TH AN­ a U.S. Public Health Service grant of $1,444,- NIVERSARY PCO was accredited by the' Commission on Institutions of Higher ·Education of the Mid­ 603 and a $1,327,000 loan authorized by the dle States ASSl()ciation of Colleges and Sec­ Pennsylvania Legislature-this will be the ondary Schools-the first independent health largest optometric edifice in the world. HON. RICHARDS. SCHWEIKER The new building will contain classrooms, OF PENNSYLVANIA profession college to be so recognized. In 1955 PCO initiated the minimum six-year lecture halls and laboratories of the latest IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES program. Not until twelve years laiter d:id design, all interconnected by a closed-circuit Thursday, September 18, 1969 all other schools and colleges of optometry television system. It will also house seminar adopt this requirement. and conference rooms, the bookstore, student Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, to­ But enough of the past. A vital institution lounge, and woodworking, metal and palstic day, September 18, 1969, marks the 50th cannot dwell on fond recollections. It must shops in which experimental and special ap­ anniversary of an outstanding educa­ live in the present-and plan for the future. paratus and equipment will be designed and tional institution in the city of Phila­ Where is PCO now? Where is it going? constructed. delphia-the Pennsylvania College of PC0/68 The new building will, in fact, literall:Y house PCO: a complete, contemporary, fully Optometry. The only school of optometry Present enrollment consists of 394 stu­ staffed optometric college that will accom­ in Pennsylvania, and one of only 10 in dents, representing 23 states, the District of mvdate more than 500 students-all under the entire Nation, Pennsylvania College Coumbia, Puerto Rico and two foreign coun­ one roof. Total cost of the roof, and every­ of Optometry has graduated four-fifths tries. Although the minimum entrance re­ thing that goes under irt, will be approxi­ of all the optometrists who practice in quirement is two years of pre-optometric col­ mately $4,000,000. my State. However, its contributions in lege study, the College has found that in All in the PCO family (students, fac­ the profession of optometry have had 1968, and for the previous seven years, the ulty, administration and alumni) are eagerly average e.ntering student has had three-and-.. awaiting the la.test and most dramatic evi­ nationwide importance. one-third years of pre-optometry college As a part of its teaching program for credit. dence of progress. its 400 students, the college operates four At PCO the rotionale is that the Sound of LOOKING AHEAD free eye clinics-two at public locations, Theory should be accompanied by the Voice What will the next five years-ten years­ one in the Philadelphia House of Cor­ of Experience. As proud as PCO is of its fa­ bring for PCO? Here are just a few thoughts rection, a11d one at Riverview, the home culty, it is considered important that stu­ for the future: for the indigent aged operated by the dents here be exposed to other outstanding A graduate program, leading to a Master experts. This led, in 1962, to the popular Vis­ of Science degree, is contemplated. city of Philadelphia. In 1969, these four iting Lecturers Program, whereby twenty­ clinics served nearly 10,000 persons in To accommodate the gTowing student body, eight top people in the field lecture second­ the need for another apartment house that ~4,000 separate clinic visits with eye ex- semester seniors on latest developments in will offer com.fortable and gracious on­ ·aminations and eyeglasses. This pro­ pediatric optometry, public health, practice campus living to those who want it is fore­ vides a fine example of the kind of serv­ management, technology, and so on. seen. ice which an educational institution can PCO will continue to try to attract more render to the community around it, 1 Director for Development, P. C. O. women to our profession, for they can make 26202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 real contributions and live interesting lives increase the dependence of higher education The stakes are very high. The dampening as optometrists. on direct government support. of private charitable initiative could bring a The College would like to expand its al­ The vitality and innovation, as well as the serious threat to the autonomy, vitality, and ready impressive clinical facilities, and is quality, of American higher education would quality of the inherently risky, controversial considering building a larger clinic. be seriously impaired if there were not a task of searching for an unknown truth and The College looks forward to a vast expan­ healthy mix of public and private support the training of each oncoming generation to sion of service to members of the profession from a great variety of sources. The discour­ face their own world. in continuing education. agement of private capital gifts, coupled with The attached papers seek to indicate the As time goes on, it will be possible to know the proposed tax on foundation income, degree of dependence of colleges and univer­ more accurately what needs to be done and would be a tremendous set-back to the sities on gifts of appreciated property, and to what needs to be anticipated. But even a unique American tradition of private chari­ explore in more detail the incidence of the vision specialist can see only so far ahead. table enterprise. House Bill. One thing, however, is clear: whatever deci­ The seriousiness of the impact of removing Sincerely yours, sions a.re made, they will be directly related the tax incentive for private capital giving KINGMAN BREWSTER, Jr., to one or more of the College's four funda­ is suggested by the examples of institutional President. mentru responsibilities: dependence on gifts of appreciated property 1. PCO has a responsibilLty to its students: which are listed in the attached tabulation. H.R. 13270-GIFTS OF APPRECIATED PROPERTY the solemn task of teaching them a profes­ The rejection by the House Committee of a I. WHAT THE BILL DOES sion. direct tax upon the appreciated value of 1. Current law limits gift deductions for 2. PCO has a responsibility for the welfare donated securities was taken to mean that of its faculty: without their skills and the House did not desire to dissuade chari­ most people to 30% of adjusted gross income. knowledge, no institution of learning can table gifts. Two aspects of the House Bill, The bill would increase this to 50%. How­ exist. however, go far to discourage such gifts. ever, there are two complioations: 3. PCO has a responsibility to the profes­ First, the larger a gift of appreciated secu­ (a) If the gift is in the form of appreci­ sion. Abstractly, this means furthering the rities, the less in percentage terms will be ated property, the deductibility limit re­ field of optometry in any way the College may allowed as a deduction. mains at 30 % . As written, the special limit serve. Concretely, it means assisting its Second, the larger such a gift, the less applies not to the a.mount by which the alumni in every reasonable manner. the taxpayer will be allowed to claim by way property has appreciated, but rather to the 4. PCO has a responsibility to the com­ of other deductions. · whole gift if any part of it represents ap­ munity--city, state, na.tton-to supply man­ Furthermore, the fund raiser will have no preciation. The reason for this provision was power for vision care services. way of telling the donor what his gift will not explained by the House Ways and Means To sum up: PCO wears its 50 years :with cost him until the tax year is over. This un­ Committee. dignity and vigor-and looks forward eager­ certainty itself will be a discouraging cloud (b) The 30% (or 50%) limit is no longer ly to the next 50 with confidence of experi­ over any capital fund-raising effort. There is computed against the taxpayer's adjusted ence. a retroactive effect as well. The expectations gross income, but against his "contribution and plans of all colleges and universities base," a new concept. In general, the con­ would be drastically upset if the many mil­ tribution base equals adjusted gross income THE TAX REFORM BILL AND lions of dollars in outstanding pledges were plus all tax preferences over $10,000 not ffiGHER EDUCATION to be put in question because of a major taxed by the Limit on Tax Preferences. change in their tax treatment. 2. The bill repeals the current unlimited Neither revenue raising nor tax equity con­ charitable deduction, a device by which siderations would seem to us to justify lump­ about 100 enormously wealthy taxpayers­ HON. ROBERT TAFT, JR. typically with annual incomes well over $1 OF omo ing appreciated value of donated securities With other tax preferences and deductible million-oan and do avoid all income tax IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES expenditures which directly benefit the tax­ liability. Thursday, September 18, 1969 payer. 3. In general, the Limit on Tax Preferences The central fact which differentiates the (LTP) requires the taxation of at lea.st half Mr. TAFT. Mr. Speaker, in submitting appreciated value of donated securities from of a taxpayer's economic income, i.e., adjusted the tax reform bill to the House of Rep­ all other transactions, including a cash gift, gross income plus tax preferences. The un­ resentatives, I am aware of the fact that is that the taxpayer can avoid the tax con­ taxed appreciation component of a property the members of the Ways and Means sequences simply by not making the gift. If gift is classified as a tax preference if it gave he is discouraged from making the gift by rise to a tax deduction. Committee have the benefit of testimony reason of its tax cost to him, he simply re­ Other tax preferences are: from various college presidents express­ tains the appreciated securities and the un­ (a) Tax exempt interest on state and local ing alarm at the possible effect of the realized gain is not taxed. Therefore to dis­ bonds; bill on charitable contributions for high­ courage the charitable donation of appre­ (b) One-half of net long-term capital er education. It seems to me that there is ciated stock does not act to increase the gains; no field in which there is a greater need government's revenue. (c) The excess of accelerated over straight­ for encouraging private support than in It has been argued that it is somehow line depreciation of depreciable real prop­ this one. Even though the tax reform bill "unfair" for the person who has untaxed erty; and appreciated capital to be able to convert the (d) The excess of farm losses under special made certain changes eliminating the appreciation component into a tax deduction, farm accouµting rules over losses had nor­ most onerous suggestions with regard whereas those with only cash income must mal accounting rules been used. to contributions of appreciated property make their gifts, if at all, from after tax A notable omission from the bill's list of to educational institutions, there is still resources. Again this argument loses force tax preferences is the excess of percentage a great danger that the bill in its present in view of the fact that unrealized gains depletion over cost depletion. (Chairman form will have this effect. The exact would not be taxed by the bill, unless sold Mills has said that the omission was owing effect of gifts of appreciated property or given away; so that the choice is not to a misunderstanding which will be cor­ whether to put the man with unrealized rected in conference with the Senate.) under the bill as it left the House has gains in the shoes of the man with cash in­ The precise effects of the LTP on a gift of been well described in a memorandum come only, but whether the former will be appreciated property are impossible to state, submitted to the Under Secretary of the given some incentive to convert his privilege because the answer must depend on the Treasury recently by Kingman Brewster, for the public benefit through a charitable amount of other tax preferences possessed Jr., president of Yale University. gift. by the taxpayer. The 30% rule on deducti­ For that reason, I submit for inclu­ The only tax equity argument we have bility of appreciated property gifts prevents sion Mr. Brewster's letter and the memo­ heard which seems at all plausible also seems them from alone bringing the LTP into play. randum attached it be set out in full in to us far less substantial than would be the The only generality permissible at this to blow to the initiative and solvency of the juncture is that, to the extent a gift does Extensions of Remarks of the RECORD: nation's private charitable undertakings. The share in bringing about application of the YALE UNIVERSITY, point is made that the donor of appreciated LTP, it will cause an increase in the donor's New Haven, Conn., August 26, 1969. property now receives psychic income which taxable income by an amount equal to half Hon. CHARLS E. WALKER, the donor of cash can achieve only after first the gift, taxed at the highest applicable Under Secretary of the Treasury, paying an income tax. Although the former bracket. (The maximum by 1972 will be 65 % Washington, D.C. receives no economic benefit, it is argued, he for unearned income and 50% for earned DEAR SECRETARY w ALKER: r and all other does receive the inner glow and perhaps the income). college presidents with whom I have spoken outer recognition which is accorded to gen­ 4. The Allocation of Deductions (AOD) are convinced that the inclusion of the ap­ erosity. This, we assume, is thought to be section of the bill requires apportionment of preciated value of securities donated to sufficiently in the public interest so that it most deductions (including gifts to charity) charity as. an allocable deduction will .have a should not be discouraged, provided the against the same items cla.ssified as tax pref­ rippling effect on the ability of the nation's donor is not in a position to gain economi­ erences under the LTP, with two changes: colleges and universities to raise the money cally or to avoid a tax he would otherwise Tax-exempt interest is not counted ex­ they need. The inevitable effect will be to have to pay. cept for bonds issued after 11 July 1969, and September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26203 The excess of percentage over cost depletion discretionary and they are burdensome--and the sieve of the estate tax and acquired a is included, along with the excess of intan­ it is fair to require the taxpayer to apportion current tax basis in the hands of the lucky gible drilling expenses over the amount de­ the burden between his taxed and his un­ legatee (even though no estate tax m ay in ductible had they been capitalized (dry holes taxed income. fact h ave been owed), but the legatee's real excepted) . The House recognized that some dist inc­ economic basis is undoubtedly zero. Yet we The tax effect of the AOD on gifts of appre­ tions among deductions are relevant in ap­ will allow h im an income tax deduction for a ciat ed property is easy to state: the larger plying the AOD. Employee business expenses gift derived from that zero basis source. t he gift, the less in percentage terms can be and child care deductions were not made sub­ Found money, inherited money, appreci­ t aken as a deduction. · ject to allocation because they are normally ated property, all when given to charity pro­ For example, a taxpayer with $100,000 in­ incurred in an effort to earn taxable income. duce a theoretical inequity compe.red to the come who makes a $15,000 zero basis property Alimony deductions are not to be allocable case of the wage earner who can only obtain gift will have 1/ 22 of his charitable contri­ because, said the Ways and Means Commit­ a charitable deduction by giving up money but ion disa llowed. If he had made a $30,000 tee, they are fully taxable to the wife. on which he paid an income tax. But the in­ gift, 1/ 6 would have been disallowed. (The validity of the alimony distinction equity is spurious, just as is the "inequity" Additionally, the more tax preferences a is doubtful. Interest payments and doctors' in the circumstance that a. man in the 70 % taxpayer has, the more costly is a gift, fees are also fully taxable to the recipient, tax bracket saves more in taxes by a $100 gift whether in the form of appreciated property but deductions for such purposes are re­ than does a man in the 20 % bracket making or in cash. quired to be allocated.) the same sized gift. Neither one has to make Thus, if our taxpayer had $100,000 taxable 2. If charitable deductions were not sub­ any gift at all; each one's giving will be de­ income plus $50,000 in_untaxed capital gains ject to the AOD, there would still remain termined by a variety of motives and by his and made a $30,000 zero basis property gift, the question of includi.ag the appreciation own assessment of other claims on his re­ instead of 1/ 6 being disallowed as in the component of a gift in the taxpayer's econ­ sources. Making it more costly for a rich man example above, 7/17 would be disallowed. omic income against which other deductions t.o give money to charitable will not make it 5. The bill makes a number of technical are to be apportioned. less costly for a poor· man to do so. It will changes which will do away with certain out­ The fact is that it is preposterous to clas­ only reduce the amount flowing to charity. right abuses of the charitable deduction. sify a donation as giving rise to economic 4. In summary: These have to do mainly with cases where income. The vice which has offended tax No t axpayer should be aple to escape a.11 the value of the gift is overstated in a way economists is that present law permits a income tax by reason of Charitable giving; difficult for the Treasury to prevent, or the charitable deduction for property which, if hence it is reasonable to repeal the unlimited donor manages to convert ordin·.uy income sold, would have produred taxable income. deduction. into a double deduction, or the charity re­ As between taxpayers, an inequity arises be­ The 30 % ( o·r 50 % ) deductibility limit on ceives less than the donor was allowed to cause not all are in a position to convert charitable gifts insures that donations alone claim as a tax deduction. untaxed, unrealized income into a. deduction. cannot cause freedom from tax liability. In at least one instance, however, dealing Granting for the moment that an lneqaity The LTP should ignore charitable gifts o! with gifts of appreciated property in which exists, the cure contained in the House blll appreciated property, since they do not gen­ the donor reserves a life interest. the tech­ seems altoge~her inappropriate. Why should erate economic income for the taxpayer. nical fix evidently overcorrects the provision a taxpayer's proper deductions for medical Charitable gifts should not be subjected by which donors are now able to "borrow" expenses be partially disallowed simply be­ to allocation of deductions. for their own benefit the tax-exempt S"t;atus cause he made a charitable gift of appreciated Other deductions should not be appor­ of the charitable remainderman. property? It is absurd to say that a portion tioned against the appreciation component of his medical expenses was paid from taxable of a gift, because they could not in fact have ll. SUBSTANTIVE DISCUSSION income and another portion from the prop­ been paid from th'at component. 1. At first glance it appears reasonable to erty he gave away. ALFRED B. FITT. apportion deductions-particularly control­ Tax exempt interest and long term capital lable deductions like gifts to charity-against LEVEL OF SECURITIES GIVING BY INDIVIDUALS TO gains represent added spendable income. Ac­ SELECTED COLLEGES all of the taxpayer's economic income rather celerated depreciation, percentage depletion than solely against his taxable income. and farm losses all cause understatements The case seems clear where the taxpayer Ratio of of spendable income. It seems reasonable to securities to has, for example, $100,000 in ordinary income require an AOD in such cases. But each is Value of 1otal gilts and $50,000 in tax exempt interest. If he made clearly distinguishable from a gift of appre­ securities from indi­ a $30,000 cash gift there is no sound basis Years donated by viduals ciated property. The latter is a transaction Institution involved individuals (percent) for claiming that all of it came from the which reduces rather than increases the $100,000 and none from the $50,000. taxpayer's wealth; all the others increase it, But suppose he had $100,000 in ordinary California : and it is wrong to ignore the distinction. Mills ______1966-69 $1 , 659, 000 55 income with no untaxed income and then Consequently, the appreciation component Santa Clara ______1967-69 143, 000 6 made a zero basis $30,000 property gift. The of a property gift should be eliminated from Stanford ______1966-69 9,037, 000 52 u.s.c______1966-69 6, 100, 000 54 argument could be made with some force the list of items against which deductions U.S.F______1966-69 that no deduction whatsoever is warranted, 130, 000 10 must be allocated. Connecticut . since no part of the gift came from that 3. What then to do about the case of the Connecticut College __ __ 1966-69 640, 768 27 year's taxable income, or from income which donor of stock which ha.s quintupled In Hartford College ------1966-69 149, 491 34 had ever been taxed. New Haven College ____ 1966-69 52, 204 58 value? The answer depends on whether there Trinity Co lege ______1966-69 2, 867, 109 35 The answer must be that it ls not the really is an inequity generated by allowing University of Hartford __ 1966-69 l, 156. 944 49 source of a. charitable gift which determines a deduction for the gift of appreciated se­ Wesleyan University ____ 1968-69 1, 150, 000 50 its deductibility; it is the fact of the gift curities. Yale University ______1967-68 13,243, 788 69 itsel:r. It has long been public policy to en­ Massachusetts· Another man's deduction means a revenue Boston Co!lege ______1968-69 450, 000 39 courage private giving by allowing a tax sub­ loss which I must make up, but if this ls Brandeis Un.versity ____ 1968-69 12. 600, 000 50 sidy to the giver. The fact that a prior wind­ Harvard University ___ __ 1968-69 15, 900, 000 68 an inequity, it is one which ls inherent in Holy Cross ______1968-69 fall to the taxpayer may have been what our tax system. The authorization of deduc­ 221, 130 24 made the gift possible was a matter of in­ M.l.T. ______1968-69 2. 170, 000 70 tions brings about an intended discrimina­ Smitti College ______1968-69 2, 884, 663 46 difference. If I gave· $10 to the Salvation tion among taxpayers. The Constitution, the Westworth Institute ____ 1968-69 502, 208 92 Army, it did not matter that I had found law and ethics prohibit not all discrimina­ Pennsylvania: the money in the street just minutes before­ Haverford •• ______1966-69 3, 545, 000 71 tion, only unreasonable discrimination. Juniata ______1968-69 243, 000 53 hand-it was a deductible gift and still would Is it reasonable then, to permit the capi­ Lehigh ______1966-69 7, 930, 000 46 be under the House bill. t alist to reduce his taxable income by giving Pennsylvania ______1966-69 16, 600, 000 53 Carrying the counter argument to its logi­ away valuable property which he acquired at Philadelphia College of cal conclusion, deductions for charitable Pharmacy ______1966-69 3, 700, 000 80 little or no cost? In short, should we allow a Swarthmore ______1966-69 2, 061, 000 43 gifts should not be subject to allocation at man any credit for a painless gift? This all-because the tax gatherer ought not care seems more a. question for the House Chap­ how the donor came by the funds or things lain and ultimately for Saint Peter than for he gave, only that he gave them. Tax avoid­ the House Ways and Means Committee. The ROBERT F. PRUNER, INDUSTRIAL ance through charitable giving ls prevented object of the Committee is to raise revenue LEADER AND LOCAL HISTORIAN, by the 30 % (or 50 % ) upper limit on gift and to encourage gifts to charity. The latter RETIRES deductibility; there is no requirement of pub­ is done by deliberately reducing the donor's lic policy to go further. tax if he makes a gift. The Congress has not The reasons for not applying AOD to chari­ hitherto concerned itself, nor should it now, HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR table contributions are not present' in the with measuring the real degree of pain felt cases of other permissible classes of deduc­ by a. donor. The object is not to inflict pain; OF PENNSYLVANIA tions. Thus, medical expenses, local taxes, it is to increase support for worthy causes. IN T HE HOUSE OF REPRES ENTATIVES casualty losses and interest are deductible not Consider the case of the $10 bill found on Thursday, September 18, 1969 becaue the federal government wishes par­ the street, or the unexpected bequest from ticularly to encourage such expenditures but Aunt Bessie which leads to a sizable chari­ Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, recently because for the most part they are non- table gift. The bequest has passed through Cambria County in Pennsylvania got a 26204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September· 18, 1969 full-time local historian when our long­ in the formation of the area's Nocturnal the Legion of Merit with Combat V for time friend, Robert F. Pruner, retired as Adoration Society. He served as presi­ his heroic service in World War II. secretary-treasurer of the Pennsylvania dent of the board of Catholic Charities of Admiral Harllee was born in Washing­ Electric Co. His duties as secretary­ Johnstown from 1949-52 and is a mem­ ton, D.C. His father was the late Brig. treasureer of Penelee had been interfer­ ber of the advisory board of Mount Alo­ Gen. WilUam C. Harllee, U.S. Marine ing somewhat with his continuing part­ ysius Junior College-Cresson, Pa. He is Corps, retired. time interest as a researcher and writer a member and past president of the John Harllee graduated from the U.S. on local history-an interest which cul­ Bachelors Club. · Naval Academy in 1934. On December 7, minated in the editing and publishing of His contributions to the company, civic 1941, Admiral Harllee was stationed at a brief history of Cambria County in and community organizations has not Pearl Harbor and participated in its de­ 1954. He is also 'president of the Cambria only earned for him the distinction of fense during the Japanese sneak attack. County Historical Society. being listed in the current edition of During World War II, Admiral Harl­ Bob and his lovely wife, Mary Mar­ "Who's Who in America," but has also lee commanded Torpedo Motor Boat garet, will now be able to do many of the earned him a prominent place in the Squadron 12, which received the Presi­ things together which they enjoy so hearts of the people of Johnstown, Cam­ dential Citation for 6 months of aetion much. bria County, and Pennsylvania. under his command. He also served as Bob Pruner has spent most of his life Bob Pruner married Mary Margaret a chief staff officer of the PT organiza­ to date helping his friends in Cambria Finn, October 23, 1934. They have two tion in the Southwest Pacific, which in­ County. He was born June 14, 1904, in children: Mrs. Gerard Boehling, Jr., the cluded 10,000 officers and men, 200 PT Loretto and after attending the schools wife of a Philadelphia advertising exec­ boats, 11 supporting ships, and seven in the county, graduated from Ebens­ utive, and Robert F., Jr. of Altoona, now bases. burgh High School in 1921. In 1925, he associated with Pennsylvania Electric After the war, Admiral Ha.rllee served reeeived a bachelor of science degree­ Co. with the Navy's congressional liaison industrial engineering-from the Penn­ Mr. Speaker, I wanted to take this brief unit, on a special assignment for then sylvania State University. moment in the affairs of the House of Congressman John F. Kennedy. From Bob Pruner began his utility service in Representatives to recognize and praise 1948 to 1949, he commanded the de­ April 1927 when he joined Penelec at the contribution of this truly remarkable stroyer Dyess, which won the annual divi- Johnstown as a traveling auditor. After man. Phillip Brooks--who wrote the sional competition. serving a short period as an accountant lovely Christmas carol, "O Little Town During the Korean conflict, Admiral with Penelec's parent company in New of Bethlehem"--once said: Harllee was executive officer of the cruis­ York City, he returned to Johnstown in Greatness after all, in spite of its name, er Manchester and was awarded the 1930 when he was appointed general appears to be not so much a certain size as Commendation Ribbon for conduct in auditor. He served briefly as comptroller a certain quality in human lives. action. Later he commanded Destroyer and in 1937 was elected secretary of the Division 152, including a month's tour The quality of Bob Pruner's life quali- · as commander of the surface ship on company. He assumed further responsi­ fies him for such greatness. bilities when elected to the newly com­ Formosa patrol. He then served as chief bined post of seeretary-treasurer in 1947. of staff of Destroyer Flotilla 3 and com­ He was elected to the Penelec board of REAR ADM. JOHN HARLLEE, U.S. manded the attack cargo ship Rankin, directors February 10, 1969; and, on June NAVY, RETIRED, FORMER CHAffi­ which while under his command won 30, 1969, Bob retired with over 42 years of MAN, FEDERAL MARITIME COM­ more awards than.any other vessel dur­ service. MISSION, AND DISTINGUISHED ing the period 1957-58. Mr. Pruner has always given much SON OF TEXAS In 1959, Admiral Harllee voluntarily more of himself to his friends and fel­ retired from the Navy and spent the next· lowmen than was expected of him, be­ 2 years in private employment. cause that is the kind of person he is. HON. RALPH YARBOROUGH In August 1961, President Kennedy He is an original member, an honorary OF TEXAS appointed Admiral Harllee to the Fed­ life member, and a past president and IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES eral Maritime Commission. Two years later he was named Chairman. past secretary of the Cambria County Thursday, September 18, 1969 War Memorial Authority. He is a re­ Admiral Harllee was sworn in to a sec­ searcher and writer on local history; Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, ond term as Chairman by President on September 1, 1969, while the Senate Johnson on July 20, 1965. and, as I mentioned a moment ago, was in recess, Rear Adm. John Harllee, Just as he won many awards during edited and published a brief history of U.S. Navy, retired, completed his duties his years in the Navy, Admiral Harllee Cambria County in 1954. Bob is presi­ as Chairman of the Federal Maritime received many honors for his work on the dent of the Cambria County Historical Commission. Society. He is also president of the board Federal Maritime Commission. He has On September 1, 1969, the effective received the Golden Quill Award from of directors of the Mercy Hospital. date of Admiral Harllee's resignation as the Rudder Club of New York, the Order As an indication of the wide range of Chairmz..n of the Maritime Commission, of Maritime Merit from the San Fran­ interests of this outstanding man, Mr. the admiral had completed nearly 40 cisco Port Authority, the Honorary Port Pruner is a member of the board of di­ years of public service. This public rec­ Pilot Award from the Port of Long rectors of the Greater' Johnstown Cham­ ord is well known to many Americans. Beach, Calif., and Man of the Year ber of Commerce, is currently a mem­ The deep ties Admiral Harllee has in Award from the New York Foreign ber of its senior advisory committee, and Texas may not be so well known. Freight Forwarders & Brokers Associa­ has been chairman of the chamber's con­ Admiral Harllee is a descendant of tion. He has also been honored by the gressional action committee since 1963. one of the pioneer families of Texas. His Federal Bar Association for his work In the latter capacity, Bob has become mother, Mrs. Ella Fulmore Harllee was in maritime law. acquainted with many Members of Con­ born in Salado, Tex., on the Sterling C. This brief summation of Admiral gress because of his frequent trips to Robertson family homestead. The Rob­ Harllee's distinquished record hits just Washington to communicate the posi­ ertson colony was one of the largest in ·the highlights of his service to his tion of his chamber and to participate Texas, ranking with the Austin colony. Nation. actively as a citizen in the legislative The admiral's grandfather, Mrs. Harl­ All Americans, but particularly all process. lee's father, was Judge Zachary Taylor Texans, should be proud of Admiral In addition, he is director of the First Fulmore, county judge of Travis County, Harllee. I would be remiss if I did not National Bank of Ebensburg; Johnstown where Austin, the State capital, is now mention one more important tie between Federal Savings & Loan Association; located. A junior high school in Austin Texas and Admiral Harllee. His wife, Jo­ Royal Oak Life Insurance Co., Pitts­ is named after Judge Fulmore. Beth Carden, was born in Galveston, burgh; Selected Investment Corp., Camp Admiral Harllee's great uncle, George Tex. Hill. C. Childress, was the author of the Texas Admiral and Mrs. Harllee have one He is a member of the Knights of Declaration of Independence. son, John Harllee, Jr., a 1963 graduate Columbus--fourth degree-and various This is the background of Admiral of Harvard University and a 1968 grad­ Catholic lay organizations and was active Harllee, who won the Silver Star and uate of Georgetown. . September ·18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26205 RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COM­ vian-like seizures of industrial facilities Mexican-made parts was set.. up, and the which will confront the United States in plan was put in motion. The foreign auto MISSIONERS OF FARGO, N. DAK., producers had previously done little more ON THE DEATH OF SENATOR the near future. than assemble cars in Mexico, and there was DIRKSEN The second article, by Georgie Anne conjecture as to opposition. But none was Geyer, of the Chicago Daily News Serv­ offered; the foreign producers entered into ice, is the fourth part of a five-part series the game with spirit and capital. HON. CHARLES H. PERCY on the new military leaders of Latin The country was soon to have a ring of OF n.LINOIS America. The crucial point of this in­ plants in a vast ellipse around Mexico City. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES stallment is that U.S. military training is Added to the existing Ford, Chrysler and General Motors assembly plants in the city Thursday, September 18, 1969 a cause of, rather than a deterrent to, antidemocratic sentiment among this itself were GM, Chrysler and American Mo­ Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, on Sep­ tors plants in Toluca; a Volkswagen plant class of future officers. A change in our ne1r Puebla; a Ford plant at Cuautitlan; tember 9, 1969, the Board of City Com­ curriculum in this area is essential if three Renault (American Diesel or Dina) missioners of the City of Fargo, N. Dak., democratic regimes are to survive in plants at Sahagun; a Fiat plant near Cuer­ adopted by unanimous vote a resolution Latin America. navaca; a Datsun plant at Morelos, a.n Inter­ expressing their sympathy upon the un­ The articles follow: n ational Harvester truck plant and a bank­ timely passing on of our beloved col­ rupt Borgward plant, resurrected from Ger­ league, Everett McKinley Dirksen, of MEXICAN AUTO SWINDLE many, at Monterey. Fifteen gleaming plants lliinois. (By Leo Fenster) spread over vast acres of space: on a map or I ask unanimous consent that their (Mr. Fenster, an auto worker by trade, was an industrial plan sheet, this was an impos­ for twenty-six years an officer of the UAW, ing complex. It must mean that Mexico was resolution be printed in the RECORD. during which time he handled in-shop in the auto business, implicitly part of the There being no objection, the resolu­ grievances and worked out agreements at technological 20th century as it reached to­ tion was ordered to be printed in the the General Motors (Fisher Body) plant in ward the 21st. RECORD, as follows: Cleveland. During the last thirteen years A MODERN PLANT RESOLUTION he has made regular trips to Latin Amer­ ica) The event which focused attention on this Whereas, It was with profound soirrow that Latin stride ahead was a meeting at Toluca the City of Fargo learned of the untimely When he learned that I was a retired leader in January of 1965 between Frederic Donner, demise of Senator Everett McKinley Dirksen; of the Auto Workers union in the Cleveland then president of General Motors, a.nd Gus- · and area, and had for some years studied the de­ tavo Diaz Ordaz, President of Mexico, to de­ Whereas, Senator Everett McKinley Dirk­ velopment of the Mexican and Latin Ameri­ dicate the new GM plant. Donner was duti­ sen contributed much to the development of can auto industry, the bookshop owner fully prophetic: "The obvious dynamic spirit the United States of America and . to the guided me to the window and pointed to his and energy" of Mexico inspired great con­ t>haping of policies of our Government; and American Motors car parked on the Avenida fidence that its transformation would "raise Whereas, Senator Everett McKinley Dirk­ Insurgentes. He asked, "Why did I have to the standard of living for the people, giving sen had a unique style, manner and person­ pay $5,500 for that, made in Mexico, and no Mexicans the fullest opportunities in all ality which lent a certain delightfulness and air-conditioning?" It was almost twice the fields of endeavor." warmth to the political process so frequently price of the same car in the United States. President Diaz, in his characteristically missing. My host in suburban Tlanepantla, a suc­ dour fashion, made an hour's tour of the Now, therefore, be it resolved, That the cessful businessman, scornfully rocked his plant and appeared to agree. The reporter of Board of City Commissioners of the City of modest Ford Galaxie, and said: "More than the Mexico City dally. Excelsior, exulted Fargo does hereby extend its condolences to $6,000-and made in Mexico." about this "most modern plant producing the family of the late Senator Everett Mc­ Lost in the winding Satili te streets, I was engines for cars and trucks. . . . " And in a Kinley Dirksen, the people of Illinois, and . being guided home by an Auto Mex (Chrys­ special General Motors supplement of the the United State\S Senate and does offer its ler) assembly worker. "Can you tell me," he same paper the summit was reached by a appreciation for the contributions made by asked, "why the car you produce costs half writer who declared that "General Motors has Sena.tor Dirksen to the Country. the price of the same car we produce?" plants in five continents and [this one] in Be it further resolved, That this resolu­ In Atizapan, Father Ernesto joined .the Toluca is the most modern of all." The re­ tion be inscribed upon the permanent rec­ little group quietly discussing Mexican eco­ porter for El Universal was more modest. . He ords of the proceedings of the Board and nomics. "There must be a reason:• he said, called it "a modern plant." And the sober certified copies forwarded to the family of the "why a car made here costs nearly twice as General Motors self-appraisal was that its late Senator Dirksen, the People of Illinois much. Your wages are eight times higher." "Toluca engine plant and foundry [was] But the despairing cab driver in Merida only and the United States Senate. among. the mo~.t modern and best equipped HERSCHEL LASHKOWITZ, muttered bitterly about his stripped-down in Mexico .... Mayor and President, Board of City Dodge: "I paid $5,500 for this heap and every As a guest of the management on the Commissioners, Fargo, N. Dak. time I turn the window handle it comes previous day I had made a careful tour of the off in my hand." plant. It was worse than archaic. Worse, be­ Explanations are given: "Inevitable but re­ cause it was· deliberately archaic, with the strictive government quotas," said one auto obsolescence carefully built in. The plant was plant manager: "Lack of capital," added beautiful, laid out with great yardage of NEW DIRECTIONS IN LATIN another. "Taxes and a limited market," an AMERICA surplus space for comfortable operation and established lawyer and former government future expansion. The machinery was new ofilcial asserted with offhand finality. and sparkling. It was also very peculiar-it - HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL HOW IT STARTED had been designed and built--not to produce. After I had inspected the plant, I was OF NEW YORK All true, but only part of the truth. The full story, when pieced together, unfolds the invited in for a half hour of coffee and dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proliferating multi-national tragedy of Latin cussion with the manager. He had been a GM Wednesday, September 17, 1969 America.. Elements of the narrative a.re pres­ plant executive in the States. "This is an ent in all the larger Latin American coun­ overwhelmingly beautiful plant," I said. "Any Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, two tries, but nowhere on so comprehensive a manager back home would give all his eye­ recent articles have pointed out serious scale as in Mexico. teeth to have such fantastic amounts of flaws in our relations with Latin Ameri­ The story can begin there with the Decree space. But what I can't understand is the can nations. The first article, by Leo on the Auto Industry, issued on August 23, equipment. Overall it would appear to have Fenster, in the June 2 issue of The Na­ 1962, by the government of past President less than 10 percent of our productivity po­ tion, demonstrates the ineffectiveness of Adolfo Lopez Mateos. It was designed to tential back home." thrust Mexico into an auto economy, the in­ We were both auto workers, and on this much of U.S. foreign investment in Latin evitable dividend from that being an expan­ point there was no way to dissemble. "Well, America. With machines built to be sive modern industrial plant. That was the you see," he said, "there is only so much steel underproductive and with prices l,{ept theory, based on what had obviously hap­ in Mexico. The government has to dole it out artificially high by protectionist policies pened in the United States. And the es­ in quotas. If we were to use the equipment of the local government, U.S.-sponsored sence of the decree was simplicity itself. It you have back in the States we would have industries in Mexico have made large declared that within a very few years 60 enough for only one hour's run or so a week." profits on inefficient factories which, as per cent of any car must be made in Mexico, I was to hear that answer many times. It this being a. first step toward the time when was always sincerley given; it never rang Mr. Fenster asserts, has resulted in an the entire manufacture, fabrication and as­ true. But in itself the explanation did con­ actual weakening of the domestic sector sembly, would be performed within the firm the fact that the new Mexican plants of the Mexican economy. This analysis country. The stamp, "Made in MexiC"o," would were being deliberately equipped. with snall­ provides much needed information in de­ then have real meaning. paced machinery. termining our policy in the many Peru- The schedule for gradually increasing A month later r toured what was then the 26206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 second newei>t General Motors plant in Latin to be the fault of gigantic misorganization. were possible only when capital was sent America, a neat structure in a suburb of Actually, planning and organization are held abroad to build new plants. To beat off Buenos A.ires. There I saw some press work. very effectively in the capable hands of the foreign opposition he declaimed against It was on a minor part, what appeared to be a world's major auto producers. They can be "economic nationalism abroad" and spon­ sectio;n of the dash panel. (I was never to see accused of many things, but not of inability sored a resolution in the corporation's execu­ major parts. like roofs, floor pans, quarter to plan and to produce. tive committee which recognized "the panels, or doors being stamped out in a Latin The Sucesos article also implied that Mex­ desirability of employing additional capital American plant. Such parts are imported.) ico had bitten off too much when it for increasing the corporation's profits and The minor P.art I saw went through a series attempted to set up an integrated auto in­ developing its business" by considering of presses for the consecutive operations-low dustry: apparently it ought to have been favorably [the) * * * principle [of) the em­ draw, trim, pierce, finish. Each press was satisfied with final assembly, leaving the job pl.oyment of capital for manufacturing pur~ manually activated. The standard, I was told, of fabrication and construction to the poses in overseas manufacturing countries, was 180 pieces an hour. And I judged that the foreign corporations on their home premises. either in the form of the employment of complete operation required ten men, opera­ But this would mean an impermissive out- . such capital on its own account or through ators and helpers. flow of capital and would consign Mexico to association with foreign manufacturers." By In the United States the same operation is an eternal status of an undeveloped in­ the mid-thirties GM was launched on its performed by one automated giant press. dustrial nation. profitable ventures of overseas investment. There is one operator and he activates the Sucesos is not sure of the' solution. It calls Today about one-third of its 757,000 em­ press by pushing a button after he has upon readers who may be expert on the ployees are in foreign lands and its annual threaded the coil. Then he stands by and subject to make themselves heard through profits of close to $4 billion before taxes are watches while the press produces 1,800 the pages of the publication. It is obvious dependent to a large extent on its overseas finished parts an hour. This therefore makes that the publication was unaware of the fact plants. Moreover, it now has a constant seed­ a man-hour ratio of 100 to 1. that Mexico's auto plants are deliberately bed for the huge stocks of capital it always The U.S. press costs considerably more than equipped with low-production machinery. has available. Latin Alnerica is one of those the total of the Argentinian presses, but the Nor does this seem known to anyone else seedbeds and in 1963 Sloan was already difference could be amortized within not too with authority, inclination, opportunity or hinting broadly that extensive plans had many months of operation by reducing the courage to speak out. In recent months I been for plowing that section of the world. 100-to-1 ratio to equality. It would be all have toured the plants of Ford and Renault in Mexico. Only a small fraction of the cars A TINY MARKET coasting from then on. The salient fact is What GM had learned and accomplished that the presses in Buenos Aires, like the is produced there, and output is unbeliev­ ably below standard levels.· became the road for all major auto pro­ machines in Toluca, were not antiquated, ducers the world over. General Motors, Ford, broken down wrecks. The machinery there MAKING THE MACHINES Chrysler, Volkswagen, Flat, Renault, Ameri­ was also newly built-not to produce. I have been asked: Does the Mexican Gov­ can Motors, Datsun, International and Borg­ LOW-PRODUCTION GOALS ernment itself permit this situation? It is ward came to Mexico at about the same time. A good deal of the equipment in the Latin necess.ary to understand that neither in With the plant acreage they developed, these American plants bore the name of the Foote­ Mexico, nor in all Latin Ainerica, is there a giants would have to produce more than 1 Burt Company, a Cleveland-based plant machine-building plant of even minuscule million units in order to operate both nor­ which builds the most sophisticated auto­ consequence. And since they lack this ca­ mally and profitably. But the demonstrable mated equipment for General Motors, Ford pacity, Mexico and the rest of Latin America market was only a tiny 7 per cent of that. To and Chrysler. When I got home, I sought out are completely subservient to the desires operate normally therefore became im­ an employee of that company who went from and preferences of the industrially advanced possible-but to operate profitably is always city to city supervising the installation of nations. Latin America cannot say what kind indispensable. newly built machinery, tuning it in, and cer­ of equipment shall be installed; it takes The companies came because they had tifying it ready for production when it was what it is given. money to invest and because none wanted to operating at specified levels. I asked about the The next question is: why on earth would be frozen out of an enduringly profitable opera ting standards of machinery con­ the auto manufacturers want to produce one market. But could they set up their auto­ structed for American engine production. car when they can produce ten? This ap­ matic plants and produce to capacity for the "Our machinery is built so that a motor pears reasonable at first glance. In fact, the current microscopic market? That kind of comes off the line every twenty-five seconds," very logic of the question sets up a natural competition would be seen as anarchy in he told me. That meant 144 an hour. The barrier to its ever being asked. The purpose today's industrial world. maximum potential of the Toluca plant was of a modern plant is to produce as efficiently, Who doubts what happened; what discus­ twelve an hour. The ratio, then, was 12 to 1. cheaply and voluminously as possible. A large sions took place? There had to be agreement I asked him about the Foote-Burt machin­ number of companies operating in the same on quotas; on the rate of production; on . ery I had seen in the Latin American plants. field, as is the case in Mexico, guarantees the the cost of the product. None of these ele­ "Oh," he answered, "that is our special low­ most intense kind of competition; from that ments, given the unusual circumstances, production machinery." it follows that efficiency must be sought and could be expected to find their appropriate I questioned him closely. "It's all newly de­ costs reduced. That is axiomatic, and axioms levels through normal processes. . , signed," he told me, "built to specification are accepted, never examined. And it must be equally obvious that the from blueprints." Another axiom of industrial development world's auto producers are enjoying a profit­ "But why is this low-production machin~ says that capital flows to those industries and able market, despite the artificially limited ery built?" areas where there is the most fortuitous productivity. The outlandish prices provide "We don't ask those questions," he laughed; combination of efficient production and a the beautiful margin of profit. The fact that "we are happy enough to have work to do." good market potential. With a total absence Mexico and the other Latin American coun­ Back in Mexico the euphoria was ending; of a machine-building industry, a minute tries must impose a 100 per cent duty on bafflement was setting in. A little more than production of sheet steel and a severely new or used imported cars in order to pre­ a year and a half after the high glory of Jan­ limited personnel at all levels of training, vent a disastrous outflow of capital permits uary 1965, the director general of the liberal Mexico scarcely qualified as a mecca for General Motors and the rest to command but nationalistic weekly Sucesos, in an arti­ production by one of the most highly auto­ prices almost 100 per cent above home coun­ cle of October 15, 1966, declared that, con­ mated of all industries. try prices. trary to what had been expected, and in­ As for a market, Mexico today has a sales "So the big auto companies got together credibly, the so-called integration of the potential of about 100,000 cars and trucks a and did a little conniving," some may say. auto industry had proved "an overwhelm­ year. This is a ratio of one unit to every 450 "So what? The net result is that Mexico has ingly heavy burden on the nation." It was people. In the industrialized world the ratio the foundation of a major auto industry." "certain that progress ... [was) simply is 25 million uni ts a year for 800 million of Unfortunately, that's the greatest distor­ illusory.... In.stead of solving problems, they population, or about one unit to thirty-two tion of all. Some years ago Dr. Otto Feinstein, had been aggravated to impossible ex­ people-an incomparable difference. using the economy of Venezuela as a study tremes.... " Confronted with a bootstrap industrial base, demonstrated statistically that the Sucesos went on to complain that "a car operation and a fractional sales potential, growth of the foreign sector of an economy proudly 'Made in Mexico' costs twice as much why did all the major auto producers of the in an underdeveloped country results in an e.s the same model in the country of its ori­ world swoop into Mexico like one joined flock actual decrease in the domestic sector. gin." This resulted in a cost to the nation in of migrating birds? If the estimated five-year billion-dollar 1966 of $180 million. "And what is worse, it A cogent clue can be found in Alfred P. loss is accepted as the burden placed on the will cost more and more" each year. Sucesos Sloan's revealing memoirs, My Years With Mexican economy by the auto · industry, it was right. By the end of the decade the auto General Motors. In the chapter headed "The must also be accepted, without tracing all industry will have drained Mexico of at least Corporation Overseas" he tells of the high­ the mechanics, that it is the Mexican peo­ $1 billion (probably more) since that glorious echelon discussions that took place during ple who are subsidizing the business. The day in January 1965. the late 1920s, as GM "had to determine Pemex oil industry worker who averages $4 But the magazine's editors attributed the whether we wanted to be exporters or over­ a day is subsidizing; the rest of the workers critical situation to _"anarchy, disorder, the seas producers." From the beginning Sloan who average considerably less than $2 a day absence of coherence, rational planning and headed· the group that disdained emphasis are subsidizing; the farm worker who makes practical objectives.... " It would all appear on export, claiming instead that real profits $1 a day is subsidizing; the campesino and September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26207 his family who live in a wretched tiny one­ [From the Trenton (N.J.) Evening Times] indirectly-they gained three things which roomlet adobe hut was subsidizing. MILITARY WANTS TO SEIZE CONTROL! U.S.• have, at least in part, led to their more anti­ Mexican domestic industrial growth is TRAINED LATINS' ANTIDEMOCRACY democraitic tendencies. choked off because scarce capital is drained (By Georgie Anne Geyer) These are an inflexible anti-communism, into this foreign sector. In fable the tortoise the concept of civic action or "nation-build­ overtakes the hare; in real life no one ever (New military leaders, often hostile to the ing," and the traning in an advanced matches them in a race. United States, are taking over in Latin weaponry. Thus each tortured inch of Latin American America. Chicago Daily News correspond­ When Fidel Castro took over Cuba in 1959 industrial advance is actually a giant step ent Georgia Anne Geyer has spent months and then declared himself a "!Marxist-Lenin­ backward when measured against the seven­ investigating the causes of the changes. ist," the entire military picture in Latin league jumps of the industrialized world. She explains them in a series of five arti­ America. changed. Urged on by a United And that is why the Alliance for Progress cles, of which this is the fourth.) States terrified of Communism on its door­ amounts at best to only a few more schools PANAMA CITY.-One Of the most persist­ step, the Latin militaries gained a new sense and a few more apartments-facilities the ently voiced ideas about the Latin American of them.selves as defenders of the old faith. foreign sector finds useful in the develop­ armies is that the training they get in the "In all the military schools the orienta­ ment and maintenance of its essential native U.S. turns them into a "democratic military." tion changed immediately," said Gen. Omar personnel. If so, many are asking today, then why are Torrijos, head of the national guard, which BUT GAS IS CHEAP so many of these "Democratic militaries" took over the Panamanian government last suddenly taking over their countries and in­ fall. "We began to study Cuba and social There is another classical argument: Latin problems." American countries do not have the capital stituting military dictatorships which are in­ or the know-how to develop a major indus­ creasingly anti-American? ENLIVENED MILITARY try. This falls on its face in view of the capi­ Many American officers are puzzled antj. an­ The new emphasis on social insurgency­ tal drain imposed by foreign development; gry these days. Others openly applaud the but not on political democracy-enlivened outside capital obviously impedes the de­ new regimes. And many of them have ex­ the Latin military. Seeing themselves-their velopment of local industry and capital. In planations for the bewildering things that country and, very important, their caste­ addition, there is actually an awkward ex­ are happening south of the border. threatened from outside, they became in­ ample to the contrary: the existing Mexican "We made them reflexitively anti-Com­ tensely "anti-communist." petroleum industry. munist," said one American colonel. "We did But there were real Marxists, and there In the mid-thirties President Lazaro Car­ it. And that's what's led to this." were democrats they saw as Marxists. In denas expropriated the Mexican oil fields "We taught them civic action to combat order to out-Marx these new threats, there from the Americans. Mexico developed that Castroism," commented an Air Force colonel. grew, particularly in the young officers, a new industry despite infinite frustrations, includ­ "We gave them a false sense of nation-build­ and historically intensified view of them­ ing sufficient financial encroachments by its ing, and now they've taken over the nations." selves as social reformers and the only saviors own concessionaires and native men of POLICY AFTERMATH of their countries. business. Today a gallon of Gasolmex, fully Still another, a specialist on the Latin American training in and emphasis on civic equivalent to our regular, costs on the aver­ militaries, feels strongly that the recently action-on "nation-building"-involved such age 30.5c. That is 5c to 6c cheaper than our implemented U.S. policy of denying sophisti­ things as well-digging and road-building in own average. But gasoline costs more than cated weaponry to the Latin officers has order to win the people's confidence in the 60c a gallon in the rest of the oil-rich Latin turned them away from technical pursuits military. American countries, where it sells under the and toward political ones. Many officers are saying now that civic label of Esso, or Mobiloil, or such. On close examination· by both American action, though designed to discourage the The Cardenas expropriation proved that it and Latin officers, the traditional-and al­ armies from their traditional meddling in is quite possible for a Latin American coun­ most sacred idea-that the Latins absorb politics and to make them identify with their try to develop a major industry when left to democracy in the various American schools people, may actually have encouraged the itself to exploit its own resources. But one they.attend turns out to be false. military to take over their governments. .indispensable ingredient of an industrial Not only do they not absorb it, there is Certainly in some countries the heads of base in the Western Hemisphere below the nothing to absorb. American training is to­ civic action were open about using it for Rio Grande is a machine-building industry. tally technical at the School of the Americas political gain. "In Honduras, when the army Whatever else happens, Mexico and Latin at Fort Gulick, Panama, the Inter-American took over,'' commented the American air America must begin that difficult job. It will Air Force Academy in the Canal Zone, and force colonel, "They used the old civic action serve as their industrial declaration of inde­ at most of the various schools they attend techniques to explain it to the people­ pendence. in the States. flying over with loudspeakers, saying the Beyond that there must be a disengage­ The School of the Americas is a beautiful, army's now in charge and don't be afraid, ment from the self-serving assistance of the old . white building in a grassy, manicured and giving out food downtown." major producers: "What ever you are doing setting. Its only peculiarity, aside from the At the same time, the Latin military to help me-please stop!" What Mexico needs fact that all teaching is in Spanish, is that schools were gaining enormously in sophisti­ today to develop the auto industry is not there are no street lights in the camp. When cation and in the caliber of their curricula. ten foreign owners with fifteen or more it was being built in 1942, a German sub­ O~cers there began studying geopolitics, plants equipped with ludicrously low-paced marine sank a ship carrying the lights and philosophy, economics and sociology. Their machinery. It needs a single national plant they never were replaced. instructors came to include even civilians, with the most modern automated equip­ The moot popular courses here are in engi­ Marxist economists and radical Catholic ment. At present wage levels it could then neering, civic action, communications medi­ priests. produce a car for $800 or less; mini's for cal subjects, map reading, and counter-in­ The officers who came back from training about half the price. That would initiate a surgency. In all, there are 44 courses. Approx­ in the States came back with a thirst for mass market, spill over to other industrial imately 23,000 Latin officers and men have fancy modern weaponry-hadn't they, after development, and open a way to substantial gone through the school. Many of them are all, learned about this from their North increases in real wages. now in highly placed positions. American brother officers? If the present auto-producing countries American influence certainly does come But at the same time there was developing are worried about the competition of cheap into play at these schools, but in the tech­ in the States-and particularly in the Amer­ labor, an interim tariff would not be that nical, not the geopolitical or political sense. ican Congress-a deep resentment against Latin armies which used much-needed devel­ great an evil. If it limited the units of Latin "We teach no politics here," says the com­ American production to Latin American soil mandant, Col. James H. King. opment funds for supersonic planes while it would do no critical damage to anyone. "We teach democracy by example. But the their countrymen were wallowinc in poverty. Furthermore if there is any sincerity to the example does have an effect--they go back Congress passed the Conde-Long Amend­ lofty protestations of the Alliance for Prog­ very good friends of ours." ment to the Foreign Aid Bill, providing that ress, we must unselfishly help in the uphill There are those who dispute that last none of the funds be used to provide sophis­ struggle for bona fide industrialization. statement, both Americans and Latins alike. ticated weapons systems t,o any underde­ Meanwhile the auto industry in Latin "The most foolish thing in the world is to veloped country unless the American Presi­ think they influence our military ideologi­ dent determined they were important to America continues to be a chronic disease, American security. stunting the growth of the body industrial. cally," a highly placed Bolivian officer said. As proof: at the end of last year Brazil an­ "We don't get courses in geopolitics, only in The major controversy arose two years ago nounced the first passenger car to be manu­ technical things, in nuclear weapons. It is over Peru's desire to purchase Mirage planes from France after the U.S. refused to sell factured by General Motors de Brasil. The not like the French ecole de guerre or the car is a four-cylinder compact, 3 inches German kriegschule. Our officers go and come them such sophisticated and costly planes. shorter than the six-cylinder Corvair. The back wanting superjets. It just makes them This started the present "war" with Peru, and price is a little less than $4,000, almost twice frustrated." convinced many Peruvian military men that Washington's aim was wiping them out as a the price of its longer, more powerful U.S. WHAT DID THEY LEARN? sister Corvair. caste. But if the Latin armies did not get train­ They deeply resented the "tin hat dictator" The problem gets worse. And the need for ing in democracy, what have they gained appellation they received from one East Coast solutions more urgent. froµi . us? It turns out that primarily-and newspaper. Some American military men feel 26208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 that had we· sfrnply sold them the weapons case with all space flight. When Apollo 8 first from the miraculous business being under­ they desired, we would have kept them on began it!i silent circling of the moon, last taken today. Pope Paul put it very well on our side-and under our influence. Christmas eve, it seemed, as one watched the the eve of Apollo 11. He said the moon mis­ One American colonel who specializes in television pictures back on earth, that any sion opens the door to "conquests of which Latin military affairs is particularly bittier subsequent moon landing must come as even the imagination fails to dream now." about the way American policy has switched something of an anticlimax. The public's "Man is at the center of this undertaking," back and forth. "In pre-world war II, we told capacity for awe is not unlimited. said the pontiff, "and appears to us as a them, 'You can overthrow government.s as Yet, again, the present experience is indeed giant, as divine, not in himself, but in his long as there's a good climate for American something else. There is an immense psycho­ principle and his destiny. Honor then to man, business.' The men who now are genera.ls logical difference between merely poking honor to his dignity, his spirit, his life." remember this." around out there-dipping a tentative toe In the days ahead, man faces many seem­ into the void, as it were-and what is in­ ingly impossible challenges, many invitations volved in tonight's adventure. When man to discouragement. He can use all of the in­ emerges from his earth-made vehicle, plants spiration, all the boost to his self-esteem, APOLLO 11, AND WHAT IT MEANS his feet on a foreign body in space and, erect that he should get from the rockets of Apollo in that infinite solitude, looks back upon his 11. FOR MAN home-from that moment, one senses, he will never be the same. Not Armstrong or Aldrin; we ourselves can never be quite the HON. OLINE. TEAGUE same again. URBAN DISASTER OF TEXAS How shall we differ? What will be new for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES us after Apollo 11? How will the human con­ HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH dition be affected? Wednesday, September 17, 1969 OF NEW JERSEY Archibald MacLeish came poetically close Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, to the answer back at the time of Apollo 8: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at the time the Apollo 11 astronauts were "To see the earth as it truly is, small and Wednesday, September 17, 1969 walking on the moon, an editorial ap­ blue and beautiful in that eternal silence peared in the Washington Sunday Star where it ft.oats, is to see ourselves as riders on Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, I insert in on July 20, 1969 discussing the implica­ the earth together . . . brothers who know the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD two editorials now they are truly brothers." that appeared in the Newark Star­ tions of manned space flight and But there is another point that MacLeish Ledger and the Newark News on Sep­ manned space exploration. This editorial did not pursue, possibly because the function tember 16. The city of Newark has suf­ does much to delineate the significance of those Christmas astronauts was only to and potential of our national space pro­ look, not to act. The question that rises in the fered a tremendous setback due to the gram today and for the future. I com­ mind today is not so much what man thinks action of the Housing and Urban De­ mend this editorial to your reading and of earth as what he thinks of himself. The velopment Department in whittling thing that matters about Apollo 11 is not as away at its neighborhood development insert it at this point in the RECORD: much what man will have done as what the program. The editorials that follow per­ APOLLO 11, AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR MAN doing does to his concept of himself. Man's fectly express the views of the commu­ We are living, in these hours, what may problem has always been his inability to de­ nity on this action. well be man's greatest adventure since he cide just what sort of creature he is and took his first walking steps. Some would go what he should expect of himself. Any man's [From the Newark (N.J.) Star-Ledger, further. The moon landing may be viewed, performance is limited, we all know, far less Sept. 16, 19691 not as an episode in human history, but as by his physical and mental endowments, or URBAN DISASTER a major threshold in evolution. "Many peo­ the lack thereof, than by his notion of his The Nixon Administration is fiirting with ple," says NASA Administrator Thomas 0. capabilities. Man, individually and as a spe­ urban disaster if it goes through with its Paine, "feel this is as significant as when the cies, can and will do pretty much what he plan to sharply curtail renewal programs for first amphibian came from the sea up on to thinks he can do. America's ailing large cities. the land and began to conquer a new do­ A creature that can stand where Armstrong This grim prognosis is hardly an extrava­ main for life." and Aldrin stand tonight-that can, in the gant, over-statement of the implications No doubt, too, many people feel such talk future, move among the spheres and literally that would result from implementation of is nonsense. It is easy to be cynical about explore new worlds--such a creature is un­ urban aid cut.s the President reportedly has Apollo 11, if one chooses-assuming he was likely to give up on the hard task of perfect­ under consid·eration. not among those who stood on the Florida ing himself and his life in his natural en­ There has been no official announcement sands last Wednesday and watched the great vironment on earth. The God who brought from the White House of the proposed urban rocket thunder skyward. Those who saw and him thus far from a blob of squirming proto­ aid reductions, but there is a disturbing pat­ felt that take-off knew a moment of emo­ plasm that first was life-the same God who tern of administrative policy decisions that tion they can never forget. set these spheres in motion-is unlikely clearly indicates the renewal programs are But for the rest of us, cynicism does come moreover, to let man blow it all now. being severely pruned. easily. Neil Armstrong can be put down as Here, it would seem, must be the answer to The federal action is being taken without a pre-packaged, instant Columbus typifying the national debate as to whether we go any consultation with state or local govern­ this automated age, wrapped in sterile cello­ ahead in space, or whether we tend to our ments. But Newark housing officials have phane and taking his orders from a com­ knitting at home. We are bound to do both. been unofficially advised by the Department puter. Assuming they come home safe with Any problem as to the immediate application of Housing and Urban Development that its mission accomplished-and that is too wide­ of funds, whichever way it is resolved, is program would probably be cwt back. spread an assumption-Armstrong and his minor and transitory. We are not going to And the reduction would be drastic: If crewmates cannot, in truth, be said to have turn back from pushing our horizons as far the administration's plans are implemented, undergone that lonely exposure to unknown as they can be pushed. The progressive ex­ the Newark redevelopment program could be terrors which has characterized most historic pansion of the physical and spiritual domain scaled down from $50 million to renew 200 a.ct.s of individual heroism. They are, in of man inevitably will intensify our deter­ acres to $5 million covering 20 acres. The truth, merely the spearhead of a vast techni­ mination and ability, in concert with other effect on a heavily-taxed municipality like cal army committed to the moon voyage. nations, to build a home world where hunger, Newark could be disastrous. They do not, in truth, face the imponde.ra­ fear and violence no longer have a place. The former director of the city's redevel­ bles that the Wright brothers faced, or Apart from such questions of state policy, opment agency, Louis Danzig, warns that the Charles Lindbergh, or your average spelunk­ philosophers tell us of course that the essen­ proposed urban aid curtailment would vir­ er-or, for that matter, the man who swal­ tial condition of the human being Will not tually wipe out urban renewal in Newark and lowed the first oyster. Their actuarial risks, be altered, no matter how far he wanders. "sound the death knell for American cities." may, in truth, be less than those encoun­ The facts of life on earth still will govern his The urban aid reduction, coming as it does tered by Gis patrolling daily in Vietnam. existence. Born to hope, he stlll will suffer in the wake of the proposed 75 per cent re­ All truth. And yet, what Armstrong, Aldrin and know defeat, ·along with modest joy, be­ duction in federal government construction and Collins do in the small hours (our time) fore he meets the ultimate defeat of death. programs, could only compound and aggra­ tomorrow morning is bound to be recognized He still will face his true tests, not in adven­ vate problems of staite and local govern­ for all time as of epic importance. It will be tures among the stars, but in small, grinding, ments that are severely strapped financially marked, not for what it means to these three weary efforts to do right by his fellows in the and faced with increased demands in educa­ as individuals, but for what it means to man. course of the daily round. It was ever thus, tion, welfare and other areas. And the fact that it is a triumph, not of and thus it must ever be, despite Apollo 11 The Nixon Administration might be able three extraordinary persons, but of man him­ and all the journeys that will follow. to justify the construction reduction, in a · self only adds to the luster of Apollo 11 as The philosophers are right as usual; life on limited way, as an anti-inflationary measure. a human adventure. earth remains the greatest challenge of all. But it would be hard put to use the same It can,_ of co~se, be argued that this is the But to recognize this is to detr~ct not at all economic yardstick in the urban aid sector, September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26209 where monumental problems are overwhelm­ Mr. Johnson's heartfelt remarks­ eventual success of the American cause, ing municipal governments. spoken in behalf of all of the Nation's 27 he would then expect compensation for Even conceding the severity of inflation­ million veterans-were as follows: his sacrifices in leaving Europe and such ary pressures, there are other areas of gov­ reward as Congress might be pleased to ernment spending that could sustain the Everett McKinley Dirksen will be remem­ impact of curtailment with less grievous bered gratefully and always by America's grant him. But if the cause should fail, effect than the nation's ailing cities. It is veterans as a patriot who greatly loved our or his services not prove beneficial, he difficult to equate the expenditure of bil­ country, and as a man who lived the creed would make no claim whatever. lions of dollars for an antiballistic missile bequeathed him and all of us by another This proposal to stake his fortunes up­ system that is at best of questionable value great cit izen of his beloved Illinois-Abra­ on the success of the colonial cause made with the urgent needs of urban communi­ ham Lincoln-"to care for hi.In who shall a deep impression on Congress, and he t ies. have borne the battle and for his widow and orphan." was sent to join Washington in the ter­ The proposed urban renewal curtailment, rible winter camp of Valley Forge. There if implemented, would represent a gross im­ As a combat overseas veteran of World balance of federal priorities that is complete­ war I, he knew personally the holocaust he quickly gained the respect and ad­ ly unwarranted and unjustified. The Nixon and the cost of war. His concern for vet­ miration of officers and men alike for his Administration would be guilty of a hor­ erans, his compassion for the disabled, and martial bearing, his practical knowledge rendous social blunder if it careens blindly the widowed, and the orphaned was ex­ and experience, his adaptability, and his down this disastrous course. pressed most eloquently-not alone in the picturesque personality. Washington remembered oratory of this gifted speaker, but also in the rewarding benefits which he made him acting inspector general and [From the Newark (N.J.) News, asked him to undertake the training of Sept. 16, 1969] helped to write into law. A quarter of a century ago-11 years after the army. URBAN BRUSHOFF he first entered the House of Representa­ It was an almost overwhelming re­ When President Nixon created the Urban tives-he helped enact the GI bill---one of sponsibility, made particularly difficult Affairs Council, three days after his inau­ the most enlightened laws ever passed by because Von Steuben spoke not a word guration, he committed it to develop "co­ any government in history. of English, He formed a model company herent, consistent positions as to what the But his accomplishments on behalf of national government ... will encourage, our Nation's veterans, their dependents, and of 100 selected men and undertook its what it will discourage" in revitalizing the survivors were not limited to this program. drill in person. The rapid progress of this nation's cities. Far from it, his greatest service to veterans company under his skilled instruction in­ Perhaps the council is still at work on was in the leadership which he gave to the spired the whole army. Drill became the those positions, but meanwhile there are Senate as it considered the many veteran fashion among the previously demoral­ unfortunate signs that the administration benefit programs to come before it during ized troops and within a few weeks the is bent more toward discouragement than the more than five terms in which he served new gospel, imparted day by day to the encouragement. This, at any rate, is a con­ as minority leader of the Senate. clusion that Newark might well draw from Beyond this, of course, was his dedicated, model company, had spread throughout its experience with an application for $50 able service on the Senate Finance Commit­ the Army. This is perhaps the most re­ million in federal redevelopment funds. The tee, which monitors legislation benefiting markable achievement in rapid military application affects further stages in such the millions of veterans, widows, and chil­ training in the history of the world. projects as Central Ward renewal, the mead­ dren receiving Veterans' Administration Baron von Steuben served the colonial owlands industrial development, the Gate­ compensation and pension and GI insurance armies with brilliance, courage, anC: dedi­ way project at Penn Central Station, and assistance. cation until the war was finally over and clearance of the site for the N.J. College of The veterans organizations to which he Medicine and Dentistry. proudly belonged know well how much this America was a free and independent Na­ The U.S. Department of Housing and great American contributed to their growth tion. He made the new Nation his home, Urban Development has asked cities to com­ and progress since World War I. The others, and spent the rest of his years as an bine applications into single packages. That whose meetings and conventions he often American citizen. The great sacrifices conformed to the consistency and coherence addressed, will remember the inspiration and and contributions he made, his patriot­ idea, and the NHA went along. But now it renewed strength he brought to them. ism and dedication wan adopted cause, develops that an effect has been to set up With grieving hearts, America's veterans must never be forgotten by the American consolidated targets for a broad-swinging ax, say farewell to a loved and admired comrade. people. They remind us as well of the with a result that Newark may get only 10 We are sure he would understand that the per cent-or $5 million-of what it seeks. In only lasting and worthwhile tribute we can contributions of his countrymen, of all other words, the coherent and consistent pay him is to carry on his great work and to the German Americans who have helped approach seems, as of now, to mean coherent share his true compassion for those who make our great and prosperous Nation and consistent spreading of funds as thinly have borne the battle and for their widows what it is today. as possible. and their orphans. The turndown is not final, a HUD spokes­ This we will do-Senator Everett McKinley man assures, and there may be other bu­ Dirksen. THE NEXT STEP IS UP TO THE reaucratic avenues through which Newark Rest in peace. can still get its money-or at least a much COMMUNISTS greater portion than 10 per cent. As Gov. Hughes has indicated, those avenues are in Washington rather than in Trenton, for BARON VON STEUBEN: SOLDIER HON. GEORGE BUSH there's not much real chance of finding $50 AND PATRIOT OF TEXAS million more in the state's treasury. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES However tentative the HUD's rebuff, it suggests a disturbing, indeed dangerous, in­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI Thursday, September 18, 1969 clination in Washington to brush off cities' OF NEW YORK Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, once again it needs, when it is the federal responsibility IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is a Republican President who is turning to become more vigorous than ever. this Nation and thereby the world into Wednesday, September 17, 1969 the paths of peace. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on this day, Those actions began modestly enough VETERANS EULOGIZE DIRKSEN September 17, 1730, was born one of the with the announcement-and follow­ greatest patriots and heroes of the Revo­ through-of a 25,000-man withdrawal of lutionary War, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm American troops from South Vietnam. HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL von Steuben. Professional soldier, mili­ That came June 8. OF VIRGINIA tary expert, inspector general of the Con­ Then came the President's trip to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinental Army, he came from Prussia to Far East, where he announced new offer himself in service to the cause of American foreign policies that properly Wednesday, September 17, 1969 freedom. He brought to Washington's provided an atomic shield for our allies Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. staff a technical training and equipment in case of all-out war, but equally prop­ Speaker, on Wednesday, September 10, that was unknown in either the French erly left up to them the job of coping with 1969, Donald E. Johnson, Administrator or the British Armies at that time. In internal uprisings and so-called wars of of Veterans' Affairs, along with repre­ return, he asked only that all his ex­ liberation. sentatives of 17 veterans organizations, penses be paid while he was serving as a Now, this week the President has taken eulogized the late Senator Everett Mc­ volunteer with the , army. Waiving all new steps to prove that this Nation in­ Kinley Dirksen at the rotunda of the claim to rank or pay, he proposed that if tends to travel the road to peace without Capitol. his services should contribute to the sacrificing its badge of h@nor. 26210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 I refer, of course, to the decision to the plans of cities, state and federal agencies, port on all four of the systems: Interstate, withdraw another 35,000 troops from and the developments of private enterprise. Urban, Primary and Secondary. It would do South Vietnam and the reasons for that It is because of this required lead time away with the present system of differentials that Texas Parade has shared the concern of in the various federal aid programs. This decision. htghway leaders throughout the nation over two-thirds-one-third system was suggested The withdrawal of these troops means what kind of program, if any, the federal as a figure that all states can live with. Yet that by mid-December there will be government will offer when the present it allows for more state participation than 60,000 fewer Americans in South Viet­ 42,500-mile system is finished. There are few the present formula of 90 per cent federal nam than there were in January-and who doubt that a program of great magni­ money for Interstate projects, 50 per cent on we can be grateful for that. tude will follow. But its nature must be all others. The President's decision goes, however, known soon to avoid great waste by the A slight revision of the present plan is far beyond a mere troop reduction. It is, various states in trying to guess. suggested in the apportionment of federal The probable extent of the next program dollars among the stat es. Interstate funds in his own words, a significant step and it is suggested by a recent estimate of Federal would be distributed according to the actual signifies, again in his words, that "the Administrator Frank Turner to the effect needs for updating or modernizing the Inter­ time for meaningful negotiations has that within the next two decades, it will be state System in the various states. Urban therfore arrived." The next step is up to necessary to carry out a highway program of funds would be allocated to the states on the the Communists. a magnitude equal to all the highway work basis of urban population of a given state that has been accomplished in this country as compared to the urban population of to date. the total nation. No change is proposed in STATE GOVERNMENTS NEED PLAN­ It is true that Congress is being asked to the time-tested formula for Primary and Sec­ NING INFORMATION AFTER COM­ deliberate on an over-all transportation on dary systems based on area, population, PLETION OF THE INTERSTATE plan which concern airways, rails, water­ and mileage of roads. ways, urban congestion, and many other "There will be disagreements as to the HIGHWAY SYSTEM facets in addition to highways. And there is breakdown of the per cent of money among no fault to find with a broad approach to all the various systems," Greer is quick to point transportation problems. Except that special out. "There will be disagreements over the HON. J. J. PICKLE federal taxes levied on vehicle users for the matching ratios and over the basis of ap­ OF TEXAS purpose of building highways might be used portionment. All this is expected. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for something besides building highways. "We do hope that such disagreements will Wednesday, September 17, 1969 These taxes are estimated to yield an aver­ not tend to kill the objective of getting this age of around $6 billion a year if continued program approved as early as possible and Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, the Inter­ for 10 years beyond the statutory termina­ that some middle ground may be reached state Highway System is now nearly two­ tion dates, most of which are set at 1972. that will permit early action," he stresses. And no revolt of the taxpayers is in sight if Meanwhile most of the states are now in thirds complete. Although we will miss the funds are applied to a great new program dire need of some type of guideline from the 1969 completion target date, we have of highway building. For many years leaders the National Congress in the format of a made remarkable progress since 1956. have been discussing the form a later high­ future highway program. There are areas Currently, it is anticipated the 1972 way program should take, and the "After in some states where the current Interstate completion schedule will be revised up­ '72" committee of the American Association mileage is completed and the highway pro­ ward toward 1975, but either date is not of State Highways Officials has suggested gram is moving toward a standstill in the ab­ far away when State governments are some broad principles that should be ob­ sence of a known concept for acquiring It served. right-of-way, design of facility, and other concerned. takes a minimum of 6 or Recently Texas Highway Commission necessary preliminary work. An equally un­ 7 years from the drawing board to the Chairman D. C. Greer released details of a happy alternate would be for the states to in­ roadbed and State governments are now possible format that takes into account most vest their own and regular federal aid funds ooncerned thait they do not know which of the ideas that have been seriously dis­ in a manner that might not fit with the de­ direction the Federal Government's cussed by national leaders. Greer, whose in­ sign conce_pt of the future program of work. highway planning will take after com­ fluence has been great in AASHO circles for Congress asked for and has been given pletion of the Interstate System. years, has put some numbers to this format an estimate of the nation's highway needs in the hopes it would stimulate meaning­ for the period from 1973 to 1985. Based on This fact is brought to sharp focus in ful thought among other highway leaders the data supplied by the individual states, it the accompanying article from the and in the Congress. This is not a "take it calls for an annual capital cost of $17.4 bil­ August issue of Texas Parade. The State or leave it" plan, but, on the contrary, a lion per year for the 12-year period following participation has been magnificent; framework that would give those interested completion of the current Intersta.te system. Texas is now two-thirds complete in the something specific to talk about. Compared with the current annual capital Interstate network. Obviously, we have The plan assumes that special Trust Fund accomplishments, it will require a program a progressive highway department at the taxes would be continued and that they more than twice the magnitude of the In­ State level and they are in need of would yield about $6 billion a year. terstate system program to meet these needs. The Interstate System, really a "trade­ There isn't much question that there will getting plans underway for "after the name" for 42,500 miles of routes selected be a massive highway program when Inter­ Interstate." Certainly, this will be a prob­ from the Federal Aid Primary System, would state is complete, but there is a big question lem for highway planning in all our not be expanded. But 10 per cent of all funds as to what kind. Staites and I would like to call the follow­ would be earmarked for the sole purpose of It is information as to the latter which the ing article by Hon. William Alderman to updating the existing mileage. States desperately need now to avoid waste the attention of all my colleagues: Emphasis would switch to urban problems and misdirected effort in planning for the where 30 per cent of the funds would go future. STt\TES DESPERATELY NEED To KNOW WHAT entirely to urban routes. In addition a good KIND OF FEDERAL Am PROGRAM WILL FOLLOW portion of Primary System funds also would APPROACHING COMPLETION OF THE NATION'S be spent on routes within cities. Greer sees a RESOLUTION REQUESTING THE IS­ INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM need for state and federal emphasis on ar­ (By William B. Alderman) SUE OF A COMMEMORATIVE terial streets which are not presently desig­ STAMP IN TRIBUTE TO SEN­ As of mid-1969, Texas' 3,165-mile share of nated as state or federal routes. the nation's '42,500-mile Interstate Highway The Primary System, including urban ATOR EVERETT McKINLEY DIRK­ System was 85 per cent under the wheels sections, would come in for 40 per cent of the SEN of traffic. Nationally, about two-thirds of the total. The main money earner from user network was completed and the revised target revenues, this system has been losing ground date of 1972 obviously will be moved up to over a long period of years. It should be mod­ HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST around 1975. The original schedule called for ernized and updated on design in keeping OF VIRGINU. the nonstop multilane system linking major with present and future traffic. Many .sections IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES population centers of the nation to be under would be of expressway design; others would rubber this year (1969). be of the ordinary conventional type. Thursday, September 18, 1969 In spite of the delays encountered since The Secondary System would get 20 per Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, to­ the plan was inaugurated in 1956, Texas and cent. Not only are ranch and farm roads day I introduced a resolution requesting a nu.m.ber of other more progressive states included in this system, but there are also are now hurting, not knowing what to plan industrial, scenic, and recreational routes. the House to call upon the Postmaster for the future. These land service types are vital in develop­ General to issue a commemorative stamp At the present time Lt takes six or seven ment of natural resources, agriculture, and -to be sold on January 4, 1970, on the oc­ years from the inception of a project Ullltil outlying industrial plants. casion of the 74th birthday of the late a road is opened to traffic. In many instances As for matching ratio, the plan suggests Senator Everett McKinley Dirksen. Sen­ a longer lead time is desirable to coordinate two-thirds Federal and one-third State sup- ator Dirksen was no ordinary man. He September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2621f cut a swath across public life that left Certainly the technica.lities of welfare re­ at least to the poverty line-$3,000 for • form are needed for this "repa.lring of the family of four." its mark upon six administrations. To machinery." But underlying the President's Arguing the Nixon-welfare program would several of the Presidents, he was an in­ message was a radical shift Of philosophy, set up "forced work," the SCLC leader added: dispensable ally, and he won the deep one that is urgently needed, and one that "Everyone knows that decent jobs with nfiection not only of his congressional hopefully will underlie other reform meas­ decent pay are not available now and Mr. colleagues, but of the American people. ures. The President oalled it the "new fed­ Nixon makes no provision for finding them. Senator Dirksen communicated a love eralism." Also, Mr. Nixon should know that less than of his country and devotion to service The founders of this nation constructed a one per cent of all people on welfare now that has been matched by few men. On highly flexible system. They anticipated are able to work. All the rest are children, the occasion of his death, he was honored sweeping shifts in the cultural fabric of the mothers with infants, the aged, the disabled as only three other Senators have been nat1.on. But now the United States is a multi­ and the relatively small number of men with­ cultured society whose sta~s are not linked out adequate training. Third, Mr. Nixon honored by lying in state in the Capitol in the uniform pioneer psychology of the would turn the main responsibilities of a rotunda. It seems to me that issuing a · original 13. We a.re as diverse as Nebraska welfare program over to the states. Does he stamp will enable us to accord him the from New York, as Alabama from Maine. With mean to say he will let the State of Missis­ kind of posthumous recognition which increasing population, the '70s will see a con­ sippi, where starving children now receive we reserve for those special Americans tinuation of this diversity. $8.50 a month in welfare, control the new who have so unselfishly served the Re­ President Nixon in building his welfare program?" program around the concept of the diversity In a nation in which "welfare has become public. of the states, is leading a quiet but real revo­ a way of life" for many undeserving Ameri­ lution against the bureaucratic hypothesis cans, The Bakersfield Californian believes that every state functions and feels precisely President Nixon has made a gigantic step for­ THE NEW FEDERALISM as Washington thinks it functions and feels. ward toward giving federal aid to the states The problem with the old welfare system was without strings, in place of the present that it never realized this. "categorical-grant" programs with purposes HON. JOHN J. RHODES The new federalism, as presented in the and guidelines specified by the federal gov­ welfare message, would transfer to states and ernment. The President indeed offers new OF ARIZONA localities what now are federal powers. And approaches in welfare reform to one Of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with the transfer Of power would come fed­ United States' most fundamental problems. Wednesday, September 17, 1969 eral money in the form of fiscal relief and The Rev. Abernathy never mentioned that revenue sharing. the tax-sharing plan incorporated in the Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ State and local governments will thus be Nixon-welfare program would give the states dent's New Federalism has aroused the able to model such programs as job train­ $1 billion in the first year-and would go up imagination of this Nation and this has ing-a major aspect of the Nixon welfare to $5 billion in five years; that the $4-billion package-on the basis of immediate loca.l welfare program would relieve the states of been reflected in the editorial policy of an estimated $736 million in welfare costs many of the Nation's great newspapers. need, rather than be governed by the im­ personal, nationally uniform systems previ­ during the initial year. The Nixon-revenue­ More than 400 newspapers represent­ ously used. sharing plan, in our opinion, is a significant ing 46 of the 50 States and the District President Nixon hopes the new federalism major step by the federal government to of Columbia have commented editorially will accomplish a better sharing of responsi­ restore balance to the American federal sys­ on the package that makes up the New bilities between federal government and state tem. Federalism-family assistance, revenue and local units, more effective rendering of Certainly, the late President John F. Ken­ sharing, and manpower training. services, and a sys·tem whereby choices can nedy and former President Lyndon B. John­ be made representing the varying needs of a son never proposed such a meritork>us solu­ The vast majority of these comments diverse nation. tion to the welfare program. During the have been very favorable. In fact, their When revenue sharing would begin in the Kennedy-Johnson administrations, federal main concern seems to be whether the middle of 1971, the states would receive $500 funds allotted to fight the so-called "war on democratically controlled Congress will million for that half year. Five years later, poverty" never reached the impoverished act quickly upon them, or whether they the President hopes the amount going to the citizens. The bulk of such funds was spent will be shunted aside along with a num­ states would be $5 billion. in paying high salaries for a bureaucratic Closer to home, Alabama would receive a administrative staff. ber of other constructive administration Let individual states, through funds pro­ proposals. total of $28 million in the first full year, $16.1 million in revenue sharing, and $11.9 in wel­ vided in President Nixon's proposed tax-shar­ I have a cross section of these edito­ fare fiscal relief. ing program, work out their own salvation. rials representing various parts of the The new federalism, we hope, will be used It is reasonable to believe the states can more country and various types of news­ as a basic philosophy in every area of federal­ efficiently administer and supervise welfare papers. They make the point that most state relationships. It is indeed time to move programs than the bureaucratic monster in people in the country think a revision in to a healthy partnership of government in Washington, D.C. That welfare programs in the welfare system is needed, want a real this nation, rather than a quarrelsome, ab­ this republic are needed is indisputable. The surdly sharp dichotomy. widows, orphans, elderly, disabled, sick and effort made toward training our un­ blind must be adequately cared for. This in­ skilled and unprepared work force, and deed is the American way. Nonetheless, wel­ want a shift in power and responsibility {From the Bakersfield (Calif.) Californian, fare programs should be scrutinized con­ back to the States and local govern­ Aug. 14, 1969] stantly to weed out the parasitic recipients. ments. NIXON'S "REALISTIC" WELFARE PLAN Those who damn the Nixon-welfare program, The Rev. Ralph Abernathy's adverse reac­ it seems, still are clinging to the "pie-in­ Mr. Speaker, I hope the voice of the tion to President Nixon's proposals to rebuild the-sky" handouts promised-but not d.e­ people-as heard in these accompanying the nation's welfare programs and to sha.re livered-by the free-spending Democrats. editorials-will not be ignored by the federal tax collections with the 50 states Congress: should raise few eyebrows. The successor to [From the Boulder (Colo.) Oamera, Aug. [From the Birmingha.m (Ala.) News, Aug. 17, the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. as head of 12, 1969] . 1969] the Southern Christian Leadership Confer­ ence (SCLC) last week branded the Chief A FIRST STEP TOWARD REFORMING WELFARE THE NEW FEDERALISM Executive's welfare proposal as an insult and According to the Good Bool:, "The poor Richard Nixon, as President, faces a bevy a political gimmick. Insisting the President we have always with us." Man has never suc­ of issues as numerous, perilous and st1.nging had proposed "an inadequate, deceptive and ceeded in developing a perfect social system as the serpents comprising Medusa's locks. repressive" welfare plan, the Rev. Abernathy in which all members were self-sufficient And all the issues beg for presidential denounced the Nixon-welfare program be­ and nobody needed aid. There have been priority. cause it "calls for a system of forced work­ theoretical Utopias, but none that worked, Contrary to the opinion of those who would even for mothers." His conclusion: except in some communal colonies that rep­ assail the President for not changing the na­ "Mr. Nixon's welfare plan is in reality a resent a small segment of society-and even tion after seven months of office, he is facing political gimmick designed to fool both the there, some members have needed aid. issues, and by a process of cautious selec­ poor who need so much more and the rich The American system of economic free­ tivity, moving to deal with them, as his last who think they're already too generous with dom has provided the widest distribution week's welfare message clearly revealed. welfare. First, it is inadequate. The Depart­ of afHuence found anywhere, and even the The President opened that message by tell­ ment of Agriculture says a family Of four poor in America are better off than the ing Americans that one of his first priorities needs at least $1,200 a year for food alone. middle class in many countries. Even so, the is that Of repairing the "ma.chinery of the Mr. Nixon proposes only $1,600 for the total poor in this country live below an accepta­ government," putting it into shape for the needs of such a family. The poor must be ble economic level. '70s. guaranteed an income that will bring them The welfare systems that began at the CXV--1651-Part 19 26212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 federal level during the depression of the outlined so far to make welfare more tena­ Also, child care centers would be available 1930s has helped millions. But it does not ble for both the poor and the nonpoor. to mothers who might be self-supporting but reach all of the poor. Nor does it adequately for th:e fact that they must remain at home provide for many who do receive aid. [From the Wilmington (Del.) Journal, Aug. to attend their children. In fact, the welfare system has evolved 12, 1969] Also progressive, in our view, was Mr. Nix­ into a patchwork mechanism that doesn't do NIXON, THE WELFARE INNOVATOR on's proposal to shift the proven programs of an efficient job and is too costly in relation President Nixon has shown himself to be the Office of Economic Opportunity to the to the services given. Democrats and Repub­ operating departments of the government licans alike mostly agree that a major over­ his own man when it comes to that great and troublesome challenge usually called and use the OEO as a proving ground for new haul is needed. social concepts. And his plan to return fed­ President Nixon last week called for such simply "welfare." He has shocked some con­ servatives and confounded some liberals with eral income taxes to states without strings, an overhaul. He proposed a "family assist­ may be the only feasible answer to repressive ance" program that would operate under his espousal of the theory that a guaranteed income at some level is a basic, workable, local property taxes. what he calls a "new federalism." Overall, Mr. Nixon's proposals reflect the The family assistance in some respects re­ humane approach to poverty. Some who see the Nixon approach as the liberal leanings of his welfare and urban af­ sembles the "guaranteed income" plan that fairs advisers, Robert Finch and Daniel has been discussed for several years. Main only one capabel of breaking self-perpetuat­ ing poverty cycles, one generation after Moynihan. But there was no doubting Mr. objection to the guaranteed income has been Nixon's sincerity as he presented them as his that it would encourage sloth, that it would another, may object that he has not gone far enough in proposing (for example) a federal own, and it may be that an otherwise con­ destroy the incentive to work. Despite this servative President will be successful in ac­ objection, the business community in gen­ payment of $1,600 a year for a welfare family of four. That, however, is a great humane complishing liberal reforms at a time when eral has tended to favor it as a booster of a liberal president might have failed. buying power for the poor and therefore an step forward for Mississippi, where the total annual benefit is less than $500 for such a economic benefit to business. [From the Columbus (Ga.) Aug. 12, 1969) The Nixon proposal, however, has built family. into it a work incentive, by providing that All states would have to add to the $1,600. WELFARE THROUGH INCENTIVE: MEANINGFUL family assistance recipients may materially A wage-earner in the family would wisely be FIRST STEP better themselves by a combination of gov­ allowed to keep his first $720 in earnings Welfare parasites and people who plain ernment aid and income from work. Also re­ with no reduction in benefits. Fathers would don't want to work no doubt shudder at the cipients would be required to be available be encouraged to stick with their families prospects of the welfare program outlined for jobs or job training-except for mothers instead of dodging the social workers or by President Nixon last week. of children under 6 years old. Day care cen­ simply disappearing. But unfortunate people who want to im­ ters would make it possible for mothers to Expensive as this welfare concept is in prove their lot in life through work incen­ accept jobs. dollars, the alternative of prolonging the tive programs while getting the basic ingre­ The Nixon plan also would make '.families present welfare system offers the prospect of dients for living through welfare will ap­ eligible if the father is living with his wife far greater cost not only in money but in plaud the new concept outlined by the and children. One of the evils of the present human dignity. Today we have the paradox President. Aid to Families of Dependent Children is of steeply increasing numbers of welfare re­ The chief executive has outlined an en­ that it excludes those with fathers in the cipients while unemployment continues to tirely new guideline for welfare assi.stance family unit. This tends to break up families decrease. The explanation is that some 60 and his proposal has much merit. and encourages fraudulent arrangements in per cent of those receiving aid are children. The heart of the President's domestic pro­ which the father ostensibly leaves home but It is these children, growing into adults, who posal is a federal income guarantee of $1,000 sneaks in the back door. It also encourages can either perpetuate the isolated world of a year to a family of four, plus supplements the accumulation of so-called. "illegitimate" total dependence or can be turned toward until earnings reach $3,920-provided the children in order to increase payments based better health, education, and a productive breadwinner is willing to work. on the number of youngsters. part in American life. Mr. Nixon's new "family assistance pro­ For the first time, the proposed program No one can certify, of course, that Mr. gram" and other reforms would supplant the would subsidize the -vorking poor. Under Nixon's plans for a better antipoverty pro­ present aid to dependent children program, present welfare programs, a great many gram-with expanded job training and a subsidize the working poor for the first time working persons are under the poverty line sharing of federal tax revenues with the and add $14 billion a year to the present in income but are ineligible for aid. states-can bring about any quick miracles $4.2 billion federal welfare bUl. Welfare re­ Fewer than half Of the people in the pov­ of reform. But there is ample reason for cipients would more than double to 22.4 erty category now receive aid-about 9 mil­ Congress to set the whole poverty program million. lion. The Nixon program would extend aid on the kind of innovative tack that can What we like about the Nixon program is to an estimated 22 million, the estimated carry the hopes of all good Americans for an the incentive to work. number of poor in America. end to the destructive divisiveness that has In this day in time there can be adequate The new program would provide $1,600 too long marked our mishandled poverty jobs for all able-bodied breadwinners in the yearly to a family of four, plus supplements programs. famdly. In many instances there can be no until earnings reach $3,920-provided the excuses for perpetual welfare and the Presi­ breadwinner is willing to work. [From the Miami (Fla.) News, Aug. 9, 1969] dent is providing the incentive for lower It~ a combination of aid and opportunity A REASONABLE APPROACH TO SOCIAL WELFARE income families and constant welfare recipi­ that makes it possible for recipients to ents to improve their conditions. maintain self-respect, r-eek to better them­ If President Nixon can accomplish the wel­ Basically, the old concepts of welfare have selves on their own initiative, and inciden­ fare advances which he outlined to the na­ failed. They were based primarily on theory tally would return many to the status of tax­ tion last night, the result will surely go down of providing necessary assistance now with­ payers contributing their fair share to the as an historic highlight of his administration. out providing any incentive for welfare re­ operation of government--an important part Like the weather, welfare is one of those cipients to improve their economic lot by of participatory democracy. things that everyone has complained about getting and holding jobs. So the situation The "new federalism" phase of the Nixon but no one has been able to reform. Finally, revolved into the chaotic welfare conditions proposal would shift much of the adminis­ we have been left with a system which, as Mr. of today with the relief roles getting longer tration Of the program to the states, which Nixon said, burdens states and cities, breaks and welfare families making no attempt to are considered in a better position to know up homes, penalizes work, robs recipients of do anything other than await the regular local conditions and the best ways to deal dignity, and grows, and grows. arrival of the government check or the food with them. This phase also would make it Mr. Nixon has proposed revolutionary allotment. possible to streamline the federal bureauc­ changes which, while they may not provide Those who would turn the United States racy for the elimination of waste and dupli­ instant health and happiness for all the mil­ into a total welfare and socialist state will cation and for greater efficiency and the lions of needy, will at least put social assist­ fight the Nixon program all the way and saving of tax dollars. ance on a reasonable basis. will throw up the smoke-screens. But real­ This is not to suggest that welfare is The "family assistance system," as Mr. ists and advocates of the free enterprise going to cost less. It would mean a little Nixon called his supplemental income plan, system through which a person earns his more than double present welfare outlays. is not a guaranteed annual income in the own way will work for passage of the Nixon But it would reach more than twice as many academic sense of the term, but it would en­ program in Congress. people who need help. sure each needy family a basic level of finan­ Mr. Nixon is taking the first step toward Americans are traditionally humanitarian. cial aid, and it would not penalize a recipient a breakaway from the welfare freeze that is The typical American will not stand by and for trying to remove himself from the wel­ clawing away at our economic system. see others suffer if he can do anything to fare category. help. The citizen who is proud of his coun­ Welfare applicants would have to register (From the Boise (Idaho) Statesman, try is bound to see that his pride is justified. for jobs or job training, a requirement that Aug. 12, 1969] This pride is diluted as long as a large num­ could lend itself to abuse by hard-nosed job ber of fellow citizens must endure a pinched placement officials. On the other hand, ap­ A BOLD APPROACH 'i'O WELFARE, POVERTY ILLS existence through no faul·t of their own in plicants would not be subject to the demand­ President Nixon has proposed dramatic the midst of a land of plenty. ing and time-consuming investigations that changes in the nation's approach to welfare The Nixon plan appears to be the best characterize present welfare sche·mes. and poverty. His reform package is strong September 18, 1969. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26213 medicine but the shortcomings of present pears to be far more promising than the ments in the plans. Many questions already efforts call for drastic remedies. present unpopular and discredited system. have been raised, among them a. key query His plan is certain to receive an extensive as to how well and how uniformly the states going over in Congress. But the basic con­ [From the Chicago Daily News, Aug. 12, 1969] will meet new responsibilities thrust upon cepts should win approval as a promising TURNING WELFARE AROUND them by Mr. Nixon's revised concept of fed­ alternative to an unpopular system. eralism. A beginning toward tax sharing with In different words and for different reasons, the states-a valid and important part of President Nixon described the present wel­ liberals and conservatives alike have ft.ailed fare system as a failure. It displeases both for years at the nation's welfare program. his total plan-should help to standardize those on welfare, and taxpayers who pay the Something is clearly wrong. In a period of welfare payments, but the goal of equal bills. In numbers assisted and costs it is treatment in North and South is still distant. rising prosperity, welfare costs are increasing What should not be lost sight of, however, growing alarmingly-with no pl,'ospect for without limit. Inequities abound. In some stemming the tide. states, people in desperate need are denied is that President Nixon has moved coura­ Initially the cost of the Nixon plan would enough help to keep body and soul together; geously and imaginatively---over the objec­ be far higher because it would give more as­ in others, families can live better on welfare tion of part of his own Cabinet-to grapple sistance to more people. In the long run it than on the earnings of a working father. with one of the most serious domestic prob­ should also help more people free themselves The system has fed on itself. Fathers de­ lems of our time. For daring to face what from dependence on government aid. serted their families-in reality or by ruse-­ Presidents before him have sidestepped, he The plan involves far more than welfare in order to help them. Poor families migrated deserves the highest commendat ion. reform. About $2.5 billion a year would be from rural slums to the big city slums, bet­ spent to give supplemental income to low­ tering themselves in dollars but compoimd­ [From the Marlboro (Mass.) Enterprise, income families not now eligible for wel­ ing their miseries in a high-cost environment Aug. 11, 1969] fare. For a family of four with a fathe1 NIXON'S WELFARE PLAN OFFERS RAY OF HOPE earning only $2,000 a year, there would be for which they were totally unprepared. a $960 a year supplement. It is hardly an exaggeration to say-as (By Joe Ferrecchia) This "family assistance" plan is a more am­ President Nixon did the other night-that When Richard Nixon announced last Fri­ bitious anti-poverty program than the na­ the welfare system designed for the Depres­ day night that he will seek to ·scrap the coun­ tion has yet undertaken. sion of the 1930s has become a monster in try's welfare system of 35 years and replace While the concept ls similar to the "guar­ the late '60s. The time has come for funda­ it with a work-incentive program, he spoke anteed income" idea, Mr. Nixon said it is mental change. none too soon as far as most thinking people not the same. The difference, he said, is Mr. Nixon's proposals for change are are concerned. that under a guaranteed income there would drastic-even radical. And indeed his plan The President's address to the nation was be no work requirement. borrows from radicals of the left and of the general in nature, thus accurate predictions Under his proposals, employable recipients right. At times in his television report to the as to the viability of his plan are not yet would lose their benefits if they refuse to people, he echoed the cries of the militant possible. But even a hint of change offers accept training or employment. There would poor; at other times he sounded like the a ray of hope. be an exception for mothers with pre-school deepest-dyed conservative. Two suspects of our welfare system have children, who would not be required to work Yet the net of his proposals is a blend of · made followers of history fearful. First, the until the children reached school age. the best ideas that have been advanced-a system has not cured or arrested indolence; They would find it easier to work before remarkable synthesis that could indeed "turn it has served to expand it instead. Then, as that time through the creation of an exten­ the corner" toward a fair and workable wel­ has happened to now defunct great nations sive system of day care centers. The centers fare program for the '70s. of the past, the malignancy of massive in­ could offer health and nutrition benefits to The program is many-layered. It would es­ dolence is likely to cause the eventual demise children. tablish a federal minimum of benefits for the of our free society as we have always known The Nixon plan would put a "fioor" of poor without adopting either the "negative it. $1,600 per year under the assistance to a income tax" or the "guaranteed annual in­ others before him have known the danger.; family of four. One state pays only $39 per come" in their entirety. It avoids the pitfall inherent to an ever-growing welfare system month and others, mostly in the South, of undermining incentive. On the contrary, but to his lasting credit, Richard Nixon is . fall below the $1,600 figure. Idaho wouldn't it offers new incentives toward job training the first to muster the fortitude n·ecessary be ai!ected since a family of four receives and job holding at the same time it attempts to even suggest a basic change. more than $1,600 now under the aid to to salvage the human dignity of those who The road to passage of a major welfare dependent children program. must remain totally or partially dependent revision will not be easy. There will be those Administration of the "family assistance" upon the government. legislators who will place self interest over program would be federalized, under the By shifting to a "family assistance" plan it national interest. The torch may be put to Social Security administration. would eliminate the worst features of the several of our cities in protest. But change Perhaps to offset the questions that such Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) program, is called for and the country should gird it­ a step will raise, the President proposed to which has contributed to family breakdowns. self for the convulsion that may ensue. hand the federal job training programs to It would get around the unfair situations We are a rich, young, powerful and re­ the states. Presently there is too little co­ where a working family may have less income sourceful nation. None of these attributes ordination of the numerous federal pro­ than an idle one. It should, in time, break guarantee our continuing supremacy in the grams, and these are not coordinated with the developing cycle of dependency from one world. In fact, there are ominous signs that state-administered efforts. generation to the next. we are allowing internal decay to negate To help more people on welfare find jobs Mr. Nixon would step up job training pro­ the superior global posture we enjoy. will require an expansion of job-training, as grams and provide the incentive to make A plausible parallel may be drawn between well as better coordination. This the Pres­ them attractive. He would put the federal our situation and the other truly great gov­ ident also proposes. government deep into a program for day-care ernmental structure of history-the Empire The President chose to offer a bold and centers, so badly needed in so many areas. of the Romans. Hopefully, our fate will be far-reaching plan, rather than patchwork And he would revamp the Office of Economic diiierent. changes. His plan offers the benefits seen Opportunity to fulfill a needed role as a The Roman dominion extended from Scot­ in the guaranteed income concept, while laboratory for experiments in combating land to the Sudan, from Portugal to the Eu­ emphasizing incentives and opportunities poverty. phrates. For centuries, Rome was undisputed for employment. This change of direction would cost more master of the world. It was a super-power in It would extend assistance to thousands at the outset, the President admits-about the truest sense for there were no nations of low-income families in which the head $4 billion the first year, he estimates, and left unconquered that had anything resem­ of the family works. The family would such projections are usually low. Yet one bling enough force to pose even a minor be able to live better and the children fact should be obvious: No change that took threat to the Empire's existence. should have a better opportunity. away something people have come to regard Rome, too, was rich, young, powerful and Greater assistance would be provided to as a "right" would be either politically or resourceful. In its time, that paragon of gov­ people on welfare in states where payment humanly possible. Welfare isn't going to fade ernment was every bit as affiuent as we are levels are too low. The concept of a minimum away. One immediate effect of the plan, in today. With affiuence came social problems level would be fairer to the people involved, fact, would be to extend welfare benefits to which we sometimes think were invented in and might help ease the problem of migra­ many of the poor who do not now qualify. America. One of them was welfare. tion of poor from the South to the northern But it is the change of direction that is In his History of Civilization, Will Durant cities. important, if not vital, to this country. The had this to say about the low income Roman: The concept of welfare dependency as a errors in the present system are so grave it "The little man had to borrow money at rates temporary situation for people able to work cannot continue on the same course wit hout that insured his inability to pay; slowly he would be strengthened. A work requirement undermining our economy and contributing sank into poverty or bankruptcy, tenancy or could be enforced only by making job train­ further to social instability. The course Mr. slums. Finally, the peasant himself, after he ing available, and helping people to find jobs. Nixon proposes at least offers the hope that had seen and looted the world as a soldier, Present welfare and poverty problems stem the "monster" can be tamed. had no taste or patience for the lonely labor from a combination of many factors, some Some details of the program are still to and unadventurous chores of the farm; he beyond the reach of changes in any system. come. Full debate by Congress and the public preferred to join the turbulent proletariat The Nixon plan is no panacea. But it ap- is assured, and no doubt it will bring refine- of the city, watch without cost the exciting 26214 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 games of the amphitheater, receive cheap The time for overhaul of the welfare sys­ gram. But as he also said, "This is a reform corn from the government, sell his vote to tem is long overdue, and Congress should be we cannot afford not to undertake." Ad­ the highest bidder or promiser, and lose him­ urged to begin consideration Of Nixon's pro­ mitting that poverty alone is a proper rea­ self in the impoverished and indiscriminate posal at the earliest opportunity. son for government income support may n1ass." It does not seem to be so much to ask that win Mr. Nixon few new friends on the right; When the social problem reached monu­ recipients of welfare funds do whatever they not spending even more billions than he is mental proportions, Rome's moral disintegra­ can to help themselves. And any move in this asking will anger some old enemies on the tion followed and once impregnable borders direction certainly will be well received by left. Neither should bother the President, crumbled before barbarian plunderers. There the growing number of persons who are in­ because what he has done represents the are those who wait patiently for our internal creasingly more critical of the present system. most important innovation in domestic pro­ erosion, too. Richard Nixon's plan may not gramming in three decades. solve all of our problems, but it could be a [From the Greenville (Miss.) Delta Demo­ reasonable start toward reversing our suici­ crat Times, Aug. 17, 1969] [From the Concord (N.H.) Monitor and New dal tendencies as a nation. THE PRESIDENT'S BOLD VENTURE Hampshire Patriot, Aug. 12, 1969] (From the St. Paul (Minn.) Pioneer Press, The President's often conservative rhet­ WELFARE PLAN DESERVES BACKING Aug. 13, 1969] oric Friday nig:Qt could not disguise the When you mention the word "welfare" in TIME FOR AN OVERHAUL truth about the reshaping of the welfare any group, it is almost certain to spark a program he proposed: It would involve the broad range of emotions, including com­ President Richard Nixon has called for the radical transformatiaon of a system which, passion, anger, frustration and misunder­ first major revision of the U.S. welfare pro­ as he accurately said, is a total failure. The standing. gram that came into existence 34 years ago transformation would fundamentally alter The Nixon Administration has proposed a during the darkest days of the great depres­ the terms under which relief is granted to bold and sweeping approach to welfare re­ sion. While there have been many minor re­ the impoverished and would be the first step form. It is not everything that might be visions of the program in the past, none of toward a guaranteed income for all Ameri­ done, nor are its component ideas new or them have been effective in righting the cans. It would pose immense problems, in­ revolutionary. But the package is an imagi­ major wrong of welfare: reducing the incen­ volve more federal spending and still not native step in the right direction. tive of the recipient to try to help himself. promise easy success. But taken all in all, Currently there are 9.7 million relief re­ The nation's welfare laws, and the admin­ cipients in the U.S., or nearly 5 per cent of what the President advocated is, in broad istration of them, long have been a national the total population. Of that total, about 6.5 outline at least, exactly what the situation disgrace. They discriminate against persons million persons are in the welfare category demands. in some circumstances, while favoring others of aid to families with dependent children No one seriously disputes that welfare as ~ho are less needy. The law encourages fami­ (AFDC). It is this category which has grown we know it today is a mess. The President lies to break up, and virtually nothing has put it well: "It breaks up homes. It often been done to enact substantive changes in at an alarming rate and which is regarded the law for decades. as the most controversial segment of the penalizes work. It robs recipients of dignity. present welfare system. And it grows." The welfare laws are administered in se­ In Minnesota, for example, there were 64,- Equally, however, only a few Americans crecy to protect the dignity of welfare recipi­ 700 recipients (almost exactly 10 per cent of seriously believe that in a country as rich as ents. But the result has been flagrant abuses the national total) of AFDC welfare funds in ours society should allow millions of its cit­ that the public never hears about except as March of this year, an increase of 10 per izens to live in hopeless penury. What the rumors which in the absence of fact are re­ cent over the same month a year ago. President wants Congress to do is put an in­ garded as authentic. The Nixon proposal is designed primarily come fioor under poor families, with the Thus the scope of the problem still is not to put the work incentive back into the wel­ logical corollary that "poor" means those widely known. Exceptional cases are regarded fare program and at the same time equalize who make too little while working as well as typical. The poverty of some families, and raise the benefits among the individual as those who have no income at all. whose circumstances are not covered by states. The result would be a doubling of the re­ present law, is regarded as a failure of the Under the present schedules of individual lief rolls initially, in large part because of whole system. states, benefits vary greatly. The same AFDC the addition of the so-called working poor It is in this framework of suspicion and family headed by an unemployed woman re­ to the total. The increase would also come misunderstanding that the President has pre­ ceiving $39 a month in Mississippi can re­ because unemployed fathers of dependent sented a new concept of public welfare. ceive $200 a month in Minnesota and as much children would also be eligible for relief­ If approved by Congress in its proposed as $263 a month in New Jersey. along with their families-with one new re­ form, the welfare reform plan would cost an Nixon proposes the elimination of AFDC quirement. That requirement would be that additional $4 billion 1n its first full year of and replacing it with what he terms a "fam­ they would work when it becomes available operation. This is in addition to the present ily-assistance system." His approach is to help or participat;e in job training when it is $4.2 billion earmarked for public as~ . istance most those welfare recipients who try hard­ offered, with the fatter carrying a $30 a in the fiscal year 1970 budget. est to help themselves. The program calls for month bonus as well. In the long run, how­ The plan would guarantee a family of four job training programs with incentive stipends ever, the new program should lower relief persons who have no income at all a mini­ for those who enroll. Able-bodied persons re­ costs by encouraging employment and fam­ mum of $1,600 a year. And, for the first time ceiving aid must be willing to take employ­ ily unity. a "working poor" family, headed by a male: ment if it is available or stand to lose the The $4 billion price tag, the family main­ would get federal assistance, provided the benefits (mothers of pre-school children and tenance income (with a $1,600 fioor for a family income was below certain standards. those physically or mentally incapable of family of four) and the scrapping of the The President's proposal also would re­ holding a job would be exempted). odious man-in-the-house restrictions on quire the states to continue their welfare The new assistance concept also would rec­ aid to dependent children-all these are re­ benefits in an amount equal to the difference ognize the nation's working poor. In many pugnant to conservat1ves. The requirement between present state benefits and the pro­ states, present AFDC laws prohibit aid to that those men on relief who are able bodied posed federal minimums. families with able-bodied fathers in the either work or train for work angers many But the states would get federal help in home. Thus, many with low-paying jobs ac­ on the left who dislike this element of contributing to the level of welfare aid. tually find it a benefit to their families to compulsion. Both sides have already been First, the amount each state spent in a base desert them. Nixon's program would provide heard from and they will gather steam in year on public assistance programs could be for such families without encouraging the the long months of debate ahead. reduced by as much as 50 percent and still father to leave. But the fact is that President Nixon has be eligible for federal matching. Unlike the present program which deducts done what no President has done since the Second, the program contains a much-dis­ from a recipient's welfare payment much of social security system was inaugurated in cussed tax sharing plan-turning tax rev­ the amount earned by working (and takes the 1930s. He has decided to attack the wel­ enue back to the states for welfare aid. away the work incentive), the proposed pro­ fare problem by tearing out the roots and Under the plan, this would amount to $1 gram allows a welfare family to keep more planting new ones in their place. billion in the first full year of operation, of its earnings. A family of four, for example, It is an approach, incidentally, which will and increasing annually for five years there­ Could receive a total of $3,920 in earnings mean far more to Mississippi than to some of after. and welfare payments before being removed the more affiuent states. We have a $39 a The combination of welfare reform and from the program. month maximum welfare payment, which tax-sharing would mean $4 million for New Obviously, the system of welfare, costly as means the new income floor will represent Hampshire in the first year. it is, has not developed in the way it was a. fantastic increase in the poors' living Another noteworthy feature of the Nixon meant to do or brought about satisfactory standard here. It will be meaningless in New plan is the requirement that every able­ results. A great many persons will agree with Jersey, however, for those already on wel­ bodied applicant for welfare assistance­ the recent statement of Sen. John J, Wil­ fare because the maximum there is over man or woman-must register with the U.S. liams, R-Del., that "if there is one thing the $200 a month. Employment Service, and accept a suitable taxpayers of this country are unhappy about, Historians will note the irony that, in the job if one is available. it is paying their hard-earned money to sup­ name of conservative virtues, a Republican It also provides for training for those port people who are able to work but will not President embraced such a thorough-going, applicants for whom work is not available. do so." expensive restructuring of a government pro- And expanded child day care facilities are September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26215 provided in the proposal so that the female dismaying his critics by being correct in his For one thing, it discriminates against head of the household might seek employ­ evaluations. · those who want work by making it possible ment. Poverty should be a non-political issue. to get more from welfare than from a low­ The job registration, job training and child The President in his message has set down paying job. For another it has been an in­ day care provisions will answer much of the the broad outlines of a way to attack the centive for fathers to desert their families. criticism of the present law, which hinges problems-a way much better than the un­ Even if father was just around the corner, on charges of "dependency'' on the welfare workable ways which have been tolerated too so long as he was separated from his family check, while shunning employment. long. Now it is up to Congress to put the they could get more welfare. The welfare reform package is almost cer­ new welfare approach into law. That should Benefits under the present system are un­ tain to undergo rough sledding in a Demo­ be done as a bipartisan, non-partisan, abso­ equal. High in some states, low in others, cratic-controlled Congress, Rep. Wilbur Mills, lutely necessary piece of legislation. leading to imigration from state to state by D-Ark., chairmiin of the House Ways and those who sought high welfare payments. Means (tax-writing) Committee, already has (From the Albuquerque (N. Mex.) Tribune, President Nixon's program is wise and care­ turned a jaundiced eye on federal tax-shar­ Aug. 17, 1969) fully planned. It will cost more but correct ing proposals, for instance. TRAINING Is THE KEY present conditions so that eventually the But the Nixon Administration has taken In his shakeup of the whole government burden will lift. It will set a national mini­ on a difficult task and handled it with cour­ welfare system, President Nixon is proposing mum standard or benefits. age and refreshing imagination. It deserves three separate but related plans: There will be opposition, no doubt about widespread public support. To revise the public assistance program, to that. The words "job-based" will be the crank up a much improved manpower train­ scare words. There are those who grow fright­ ing program, and to divvy up some federal ened at any suggestion that a man should [From the Jersey City (N.J.) Jersey Journal, work for a living instead of depending en­ Aug. 16, 1969) money to the states and cities. The key plank in this platform is the train­ tirely on the government. NIXON'S WELFARE ing program. President Nixon in his plan to scrap the The gala celebration to welcome our moon You can't ask a man to take a job if there old welfare system, seeks to eliminate un­ travelers back to normal American life has is no job he can do. So he stays on relief. fairness and to create a program which is eclipsed some proposed changes in that The alternative is to find him a job and more effective as well as more efficient. American life which are quite as novel in train him to do it. Any thinking man or woman knows that a their field as the landing at Tranquility Base That's what the President's plan is all system which makes it more profitable for a was for exploration. about. It makes complete sense. It offers the man not to work than to work is a bad sys­ Within the last few days President Nixon, only hope of ever cutting public assistance tem and why should this nation tolerate a in an address to the nation and in a number costs to reasonable proportions and, by the bad system? of messages to Congress, has laid down a same token, the only way to get people off the We back President Nixon thankfully and plan for totally changing the direction of welfare rolls, now up to nine million. sincerely in his welfare program. the assault upon poverty and unemploy­ The government has had a flock of so­ ment. Until now the course has been to set called manpower programs, and they have (From the Salem (Oreg.) Capital Journal, up a federal program, appropriate some dol­ accomplished something, but at high cost. Aug. 12, 1969) lars with each newly born problem, and then There are too many programs, disjointed, NEEDED REFORMS forget about it. Because the problems persist floundering in red tape and often outright President Nixon's proposals for reforming it is clear the existing corrective systems do discouraging to people who want to work. not work and so the President offers. a dif­ welfare and antipoverty programs couldn't Mr. Nixon proposes to tie all this into one end all the human misery in this nation even ferent plan. package, flexible enough to deal with chang­ In general his hope is to make no·rmal, in­ if Congress adopted them intact tomorrow. ing situations as they arise. The purpose But they represent the administration's telligent selfishness a device for guiding the is to make the so-called "hard core unem­ victim of poverty toward a better life. He recognition that the nation must not turn ployable" employable, to find jobs for the aside from its commitment to erase poverty. would establish a federal minimum welfare idle, and to upgrade the "working poor"­ payment which would raise standards in sub­ "We must become pioneers in reshaping people who are not on welfare but whose low our society, even as we have become pioneers standard states and so, 'perhaps, anchor the income keeps them in poverty. drifting rural population which hitherto has in space," the President said. "We must show Most of the government's policies in the a new willingness to take risks for progress, gone aground somewhere in northern slums. past have been aimed at people on welfare. His plan would guarantee that all states a new readiness to try the untried." TI:iose existing on poverty incomes have been Thus he assigned to the Federal Office of could save at least 10 per cent of their wel­ neglected. And it is just as important to the fare bill and perhaps more. Moreover, he Economic Opportunity the task of developing economy and to the general well-being of new approaches for fighting poverty. would end the penalizing of welfare recipi­ the country to improve their lot as it is to ents for showing initiative and getting work At the same time he sent to Congress de­ get people off welfare. tailed plans for "total welfare reform-the for themselves. And most important and The President proposes to do this, over the basic of all, he would remove from welfare transformation of a system frozen in failure long haul, by creating a system which will and frustration into a system that would that horrible dehumanizing, demeaning re­ work efficiently and by providing incentives striction which requires a man to abandon work and would encourage people to work." to both the jobless and the under-employed. News reports indicate his recommendations his family so his children can be eligible. Having a plan, of course, doesn't solve the By presenting humane alternatives the problem. Too often heretofore the govern­ are not all that some liberals would have President lets normal, human self respect ment has dreamed up a plan, stuck to it liked. But he went much farther than many and normal, laudable self seeking do their even if it didn't work, and then simply of hjs pre-election critics dared hope. He work in helping the welfare recipient im­ coasted along hoping the problem somehow has not yielded to those who would scrap prove his own lot. would go away. the War on Poverty. Instead he has proposed One would think the whole nation would Instead of requiring people to tailor them­ that the effort be strengthened so that all Americans may have decent housing ade­ cheer so logical and simple approach. Yet all selves to government programs, Mr. Nixon sorts of nitpickers are at work. So, when proposes to tailor the programs to the in­ quate food and clothing, medical care, legal reading critcisms of the welfare plan, it may dividual needs of the people he seeks to help. aid, and good jobs. be well to ask: "What is the source?" The President's plan is sound, and Con­ The reforms in welfare he proposed, sup­ ported by an additional $4 billion annually, Is it a bureaucrat who may be unemployed gress and the administration ought to get on with it as fast as possible. It will take a would do much to eliminate inequity in the because there is less red tape to play with? present system. They would direct the system Is it a career social worker who would be lot of doing to get the results Mr. Nixon is shooting for. But, as he says: toward making people productive members out of a job if nobocty was on welfare? of society by encouraging them to go beyond Is it the "leader" of some skimpy "orga­ "Intelligently organized, it will save tax dollars now spent on welfare, increase reve­ the handout to job training and jobs. nization" which pretends to speak for all of Oregon's welfare system has done much the people who are poor? nues by widening the base of the taxpaying public, and (most important) lift ·human better in this respect than those of most ls lt a politician trying to make poverty states, particularly in the South. But it has votes by yelling for something more? beings into lives of greater dignity." These goals are practical and necessary. by no means reached the point where wel­ Is it somebody who just does not like fare can be considered a stepping stone to Nixon no matter what he does? And they will be reached if the intelligent organizing is provided. independence. The big thing to remember is that here The President's proposals represent a start is the first effort at a broad front approach [From the Troy (N.Y.) Times-Record, in that direction. And as such, they deserve to the welfare problem on a national scale. prompt, favorable action from Congress. Obviously the President did not think this Aug. 12, 1969) all up by himself. The handiwork of Daniel A Goon PROGRAM Moynihan, his spedal advisor, is clear every­ President Nixon's job-based program for [From the Lancaster (Pa.) New Era, Aug. 14, where. Many people do not like Dr. Moyni­ the dispensing of welfare will eliminate a 1969) han; he has a way of being very frank in system which has not worked. The present JOB TRAINING FOR MORE AMERICANS stating facts and quite un]'.)olitical in inter­ welfare program is a disgrace to the nation. One of the key elements in President preting them. But he·also has a nasty way of It is a colossal failure. Richar led to the disorders that have In my own Snohomish County, the Allen returned to the United States and plagued our country. I think it to be in 100-member league has an impressive organized the 104th, the Timberwolf Di­ the highest national interest that we record, yet I understand that it is about vision, as a striking force in the final continue an attempt to rectify such what to expect from an active local drive to victory in Europe. His division injustices. league unit. Let me list just a few of was in the forefront of the drive across For that reason, I believe the OEO their accomplishments: They have or­ Germany to the final victory before Ber­ legal services program deserves our con­ ganized and cosponsored candidate meet­ lin. His great leadership won decorations tinuing support and can make a vital ings before both primary and general from our own country and our allies. contribution to provide a vehicle through elections; they provide a speaker's bu­ British Field Marshal Sir Harold Alex­ which _grievances and problems of un­ reau on the ballot issues and filled 20 ander called him the finest divisional derprivileged citizens may be alleviated requests before the November election; commander he had seen in two wars. In and corrected. on election day itself, they kept close the best sense of the term, he was a tabs on polling places regarding elec­ fighter, a patriot, a fearless leader of tion procedures; and when the polls fearless men. were closed they compiled statistics on When he retired from active duty, he IN COMMEMORATION OF CITIZEN­ returns for local and national radio and made El Paso his permanent home. The SHIP DAY, AND IN HONOR OF AN TV. As an information service, they dis­ lovely and gracious Mrs. Allen was one ORGANIZATION DEVOTED TO tributed 5,000 copies of a publication, of our own, the daughter of El Paso's PROMOTING GOOD CITIZENSHIP "They Represent You," and introduction Mayor Robinson. Their family, like all to local, State, and Federal omcials. They who knew them, grew up respecting the were instrumental infounding VOTER­ Terry Allen tradition of courage and HON. LLOYD ME.EDS Voluntary Organization To Encourage love of country. Two years ago, in Octo­ OF WASHINGTON Registration. ·In support of issues, ber 1967, Lt. Col. Terry Allen, Jr., was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Snohomish league members testified at killed in action in Vietnam, in service Thursday, September 18, 1969 county budget hearings on issues studied with the 1st Division which his father by the local league, particularly relat­ had once commanded. Mr. MEEDS. Mr. Speaker, Citizen­ ing to juvenile courts and juvenile de­ I know the Members of this House will ship Day was set aside by the Congress tention facilities. As if this were not want to join me in extending our sincere in 1952 to commemorate the signing of enough, this same league has spear­ sympathy to Mrs. Allen-and in holding the Constitution in 1787 and to honor headed formation of a Freeholder's high the example of her husband and U.S. citizenship. On this day I believe it Group to write a new charter for her son, at a time when courage and is fitting to give special mention to an Snohomish County for presentation to patriotism are qualities that demand our organization celebrating its 50th anni­ the voters, with the aim of gaining home special respect. versary this year, 50 years devoted to rule for the county. developing active and trained citizens by Just about the only criticism I can women who finally achieved their right think of is that they are strictly segre­ to vote in 1920. This organization is the gated, they will accept a man's money, THE NEED FOR OEO LEGAL League of Women Voters. but not let him vote-within their own SERVICES The league has taken the position organization, that is. that: I commend them for a splendid record HON. ROBERT TAFT, JR. Every privilege carries with it responsi­ of service in their first 50 years, and for OF OHIO bility, and since good citizenship is not only their well-earned reputation as an ef­ a privilege but a duty, its obligation is fective force to voter education, under­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES doubled. standing, and participation in govern­ Thursday, September 18, 1969 These words, originated in the 1920's, ment. Mr. TAFT. Mr. Speaker, I know that sound a little old-fashioned, but the it is the hope of many of us that legisla­ meaning is not. Even more important tion dealing with the poverty program today is the citizen who cares enough to may come to the floor and allow the inform himself and put his informa­ THE CONCEPT OF REVENUE House to work its will. For that reason, tion to constructive use. SHARING I especially want to take the opportun­ With a comparatively small member­ ity to express my opinion regarding the ship, 150,000 active this year, the league HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. work of legal services of OEO in my com­ has performed yeoman service toward OF NEW YORK munity and throughout the Nation. producing an informed electorate. It has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In fiscal year 1968, U.S. legal aid funds made available reliable nonpartisan in­ totalled $36 million. In fiscal year 1969, formation about voting procedures and Thursday, September 18, 1969 this figure went to $42 million and Presi­ about candidates and issues, in literally Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, recently Presi­ dent Nixon's budget calls for extending it millions of fliers and pamphlets. In ad­ dent Nixon in a nationwide broadcast further to $58 million in fiscal year 1970. dition to informing the public, the proposed a revenue sharing plan in which Reports I have had from my own dis­ league has backed issues to strengthen Federal tax money would be returned to trict indicate that the legal services of local, State, and National Government-­ the States and municipalities to use as OEO, working in Cincinnati through and constitutional revisions, fair apportion­ they saw fit with no strings attached. with the Legal Aid Society, have been ment for State legislatures, more respon­ I do not have to tell my colleagues most effective in helping those in poverty sible and effective governmental orga­ that local and State taxation have and in need of assistance to obtain their nization at every level and in every reached new highs. The local communi­ civil rights. The lawyers, especially, have branch of government. ties are at a loss to find sources of reve­ been instrumental in assuring that the In my personal experience with league nue that are needed to provide even rights of poor men and black men have members in the State of Washington and minimum services. been recognized and protected from in­ the Second Congressional District, I In recognition of this problem I and fringement, and much good and sound know when I hear from the league that many of my colleagues have introduced legal advice has been given on matters there has been a thorough study of the revenue sharing bills. These proposals of all kinds, not by any means limited to facts on the issues, and the position tak­ differ as to specifics but they are sim­ this area. en is truly representative of league mem­ ilar in their basic premise that the Fed­ However, it seems clear that the task bership. Even at the national level, when eral Government, the most emcient tax has not been completed. a league spokesman testifies or speaks collector, should share some of this reve­ Too often the citizen without consid­ on an issue, we can be certain that nue with the hard pressed town, cities, erable resources has been unable to :find her testimony is a result of study and counties, and States. September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26219 Revenue sharing proposals enjoy wide They also can prove ~o be trouble with a jective, I plan to submit a proposal for con­ capital T. sideration by the Congress. Legislation isn't support from the public in general as Admittedly, most individuals who have the solution to every problem but sometimes from local government officials. I would trouble with credit cards do so because they it's the only hope for a solution. hope that there would be early hearings are guilty of poor judgment, they over­ on these proposals. extend themselves, and when it comes time CREDIT PUSHERS VEX BREADWINNER As ?,n example of the support for this to balance the books discover they are faced (By Art Buchwald) concept of revenue sharing I commend with a problem. Obviously the Congress or a Federal agency A lot of people are being shaken up these to my colleagues' attention the following days by receiving unsolicited plastic credit resolution of the Columbia County, N.Y., can't legislate or regulate good judgment. That's an individual discipline beyond the cards. In the past the consumer had the op­ board of supervisors: scope of the law. However, poor judgment tion whether to ask for credit or not. But now RESOLUTION MEMORIALIZING CONGRESS TO EN­ isn't the only factor that contributes to in the great battle for the hearts and dollars ACT HOUSE BILL No. H.R. 12194 To PROVIDE trouble with credit cards. Sometimes inno­ of the Amel'ican customer, the banks, oil FOR THE SHARING OF FEDERAL REVENUES cent unsuspecting people find themselves companies and hotel chains are shoving their WITH STATES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS tangled in a complicated, headache-produc­ credit cards at you whether you want them Whereas, the demands for services on local ing web of circumstances woven by another. or not. governments have increased through the These people are victims of a stollen or mis­ It isn't just the spectre of a wife or teen­ Space Age and now the Lunar Age and the directed unsolicited credit card. ager receiving a credit card and going berserk cost of providing such services have so in­ It's a common business practice for many that bothers most American breadwinners. creased that local governments are desperate firms which issue credit cards to send them It's the principle of the thing, and where will for funds and real estate taxpayers, the prime through the mail to a wide-range of prospec­ it all end? What is to prevent a company that source of funding local governments, have tive users. Most people read the accompany­ sends unsolicited credit cards to your home been subjected to almost intolerable taxes, ing literature extolling the convenience of from sending merchandise instead? and the ca,rds and either decide to use or dispose I don't believe it is too farfetched to see Whereas, Congressman Hastings, on July 17, of them. But many of these cards never this happening in a few years. 1969, introduced in the House of Representa­ reach their destination, they are intercepted You come home, and there on your front tives Bill No. H. R. 12194 which provides for along the way and the person who gets his lawn is a complete, dining room set with the sharing of federal revenues with states hands on them goes off on a wild spending table, 12 chairs and cabinet. Attached to leg and local governments, and spree. Of course such action is illegal and of the table is a note: ' Whereas, said Bill No. H. R. 12194 has been the guilty party is performing a crime pun­ "Greetings. We are happy to inform you the result of extensive study making such ishable by law, but that's of little consolation that we consider you an excellent credit risk d'lstribution fair, equitable and desirable, to the person in whose name an unsolicited and, to show our faith in you, we are leaving card was issued who ls presented with a bill this dining room set on your lawn. Our credit Now, therefore, be it resolved, that the reports on you indicate that you favor co­ Columbia County Board of Supervisors does for items he never purchased because the card had reached hands to which it didn't lonial furniture, and we have chosen this par­ hereby respectfully memorialize the Con­ ticular mahogany wood which we know will gress of the United States to enact into law belong. Usually the next stop is a lawyer's office. go well with the rest of your furnishings. If said Bill No. H. R. 12194, and be it further for some reason this particular dining room Resolved, that the Clerk of the Board be Of course an individual who finds himself in such a predicament is not obligated to pay set does not meet your requirements, you may and he hereby is authorized and directed to return it to our warehouse within 10 days, forward certified copies of this resolution to for another person's criminal act, but all­ too-often it takes time and money to prove it. and you will not be charged for it. If it ls not Senators Javits and Goodell, and to Con­ returned, we will assume that we made the gressman Fish. This simply is not right. Earlier in the year one of my constituents right choice, and we shall start billing you brought this situation to my attention and monthly." asked me to take appropriate action. I fol­ Or you could wake up in the morning and lowed through by contacting the Federal find parked outside your door a new "fire­ UNSOLICITED CREDIT CARDS Trade Commission with a recommendation eater" with the following letter taped to the that the scope of the problem be studied and windshield: consideration be given to the issuance of ''Congratulations, HON. ALEXANDER PIRNIE guidelines restricting the issuance of un­ "You are now the owner of a new 'fire­ OF NEW YORK solicited credit cards. Other colleagues in the eater,' the fastest, most comfortable economi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress followed a similar course as have cal automobile on the road. Because of your many citizens who shared our concern about high credit rating, we have taken the liberty Thursday, September 18, 1969 the problem. of registering this car in your name with the Last week the FTC held hearings on the State Vehicle Bureau. Mr. PIRNIE. Mr. Speaker, for some subject, and that's when the full impact of "If for any reason you change your mind time now I have been greatly concerned the controversy surfaced. No one was caught and decide you don't want to be one of the about the problem created for many of by surprise when representatives of various 'with it' people please call this number and our citizens as a result of the mailing businesses which issue credit cards expressed we will have the car taken away, at no cost of unsolicited credit cards. In this week's strong opposition to any regulation prohibit­ to you excep·t for the towing charges. Washington Report to my district, I have ing the unsolicited mailing of what is some­ "Also, if you do not accept this exceptional outlined my feelings on the matter and times called "plastic money." However, when buy, you must go down to the State Vehicle it was argued that new restrictive regulations Bureau and inform them of this decision. have indicated that it is time for action could be bad for the economy and would Otherwise we will start charging you inter­ to be taken here in Washington to solve result in unfair competition, the compli­ est beginning next week." this unsolicited credit card problem. cated nature of the problem became appar­ The final indignity would be to receive a In this morning's Washington Post, ent. In addition, it was brought out that registered letter from a development company syndicated Columnist Art Buchwald FTC does not have blanket authority in this which read: brings this problem into sharp focus in area and therefore would not be able to "Dear Sir, issue regulations covering the unsolicited "We're happy to inform you that you are his own distinctive manner. I am con­ malling of all credit cards. For example, the now the proud owner of a new ranch house fident that Mr. Buchwald had tongue­ Federal Reserve Board is responsible for bank in Paradise Acres. This extraordinary home in-check when he sat down before the credit cards and another agency has auth,.,r­ (the deed is enclosed) has three bedrooms, typewriter to produce this column, but lty over airline credit cards. two and a half baths, a playroom and com­ his message comes out loud and clear. The news media have found this story of pletely equipped kitchen and will be ready interest and have been chronicling develop­ for you to move into within two weeks. My Report and the Buchwald column ments as they occur. The evidence I have "A check on your credit rating shows that follow: reviewed thus far leads me to conclude that you can easily afford this remarkable buy, WASHINGTON REPORT the public interest requires action to restrict and we have taken the liberty of deducting (By Congressman PIRNIE) the issuance of unsolicited credit cards. It ls from your bank account the small down pay­ There's a controversy beginning to surface unfair to force a person to assume a risk or ment. in Washington, and I'm very much involved, burden which he did not seek. "If we don't hear from you by registered not because I was forced into it, but rather While the FTC hearings have been con­ mail within the next 36 hours, we will assume structive, it now appears that this agency, that you w111 be joining us at Paradise Acres. as a result of my efforts to assist in the solu­ acting alone, will not be able to solve the if tion of what is a problem for a great many On the other hand, you return the deed, problem. More and more it ls becoming ap­ then we ask you to contact our lawyers so Americans: the unsolicited credit card. parent that legislative ac'!;lon may be re­ some equitable arrangement can be worked Credit cards, or "instant cash" as they are quired, and if it develops that there ls no out for our time and inconvenience. sometimes called, can be a great convenience. alternative course to achieve the desired ob- "Cheers." 26220 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS. September 18, 1969 PLAIN DEALER PRAISES PRESI­ ments, is not going to be easy, if it can be tion. Five years ago the United States syn­ DENT'S PROGRAMS accomplished at all. thesized about 95 percent of the ethylene But Mr. Nixon has certainly served notice products entering foreign trade. By last year plainly upon heads of foreign states as well as this figure had dropped to 40 percent. The HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN upon governors. They will have to accom­ big new factors were the European Economic OF OHIO modate to this new strategy of the Nixon ad­ Community and Japan, both of which ministration. It is a central principle not to changed from net importers to heavy ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be revoked. A do-more-yourself period has porters. Additional plants are being con­ Thursday, September 18, 1969 begun. structed in Europe and in Japan, and it is quite likely that a further diminution of the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, U.S. export status will occur. more and more newspapers across the CRUMBLING FOUNDATIONS OF Tewksbury notes that a number of factors country are speaking out in favor of the PROSPERITY help account for the loss of our competitive President's new policies both domestic ability. The European nations and Japan en­ and foreign. There is a growing realiza­ HON. EMILIO Q. DADDARIO courage exports and discourage imports more tion that while the President may not virgorously than we do. Domestic producers make policy in haste, he makes it both OF CONNECTICUT of petrochemicals are handicapped by the oil IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES import program which inflates the cos.t of wisely and well. their feedstocks. Another factor is the high Among the newspapers reaching this Thursday, September 18, 1969 cost of labor. A few years ago, such disadvan­ conclusion is the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Mr. DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, Dr. tages for the United States were more than Ohio's largest newspaper. I submit for Philip H. Abelson, the very competent counterbalanced by larger plants and ad­ inclusion in the RECORD a copy of a re­ and articulaite editor of Science, has vanced technology. These advantages have cent editorial from the Plain Dealer, dis­ recently authored an editorial which disappeared. Plants abroad are now of the cussing the new courses the President same scale, and our technology has been dis­ manages to relate the innovative science seminated. has charted: activities of this Nation directly to its The loss of a competitive edge in this area NIXON CHANGES FEDERAL COURSE economic well-being in a highly graphic of the chemical industry is a very serious President Nixon is the first president since manner. development. It portends similar changes in before Franklin D. Roosevelt to start reduc­ The brief editorial, which appeared in other areas of high technology. ing the federal government's scope and obli­ the issue of September 12, 1969, should gations. provide Members of this body with gen­ In his speech to the National Governors HOUSING FOR THE RURAL POOR Conference, Mr. Nixon pointed out this new uine food for thought. In my opinion, it direction in which he is steering the ship of will be folly to ignore Dr. Abelson's state. thesis. HON. JOE L. EVINS For the first time since the New Deal was The editorial is as follows: OF TENNESSEE born in the '30s, the chief executive frankly CRUMBLING FOUNDATIONS OF PROSPERITY pledges that he will de-escalate and decen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tralize an overgrown, centralized power. Two decades ago, American prosperity was Thursday, September 18, 1969 Mr. Nixon wants to limit America's en­ solidly based. We had bountiful natural re­ tangling commitments overseas-"helping sources; our industrial plants were undam­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, free nations maintain their own security, but aged by war; we led in mass production many people associate the problems of not rushing in to do for them what they can techniques; and our innovative scientific housing solely with our metropolitan and should do for themselves." capabilities were outstanding. areas but as the Washington Post points And Mr. Nixon wants the nation to stop Today the foundations of American pros­ perity have crumbled to an extent not gen­ out in an editorial today, more than half considering the federal government omni­ of all substandard housing is in rural potent in solving all domestic problems. erally recognized. We still possess great His "new federalism" aims at spreading natural resources, but they are not adequate areas. the burdens outward, sharing them more to maintain a high-level economy. We face The editorial calls for action, citing a with state, with local government and even the necessity of importing more and more recent report by the National Rural with priva;te citizens. raw materials and finding the means to pay Housing Conference emphasizing the "Washington will no longer try to go it for them. This will be increasingly difficult, problem and the need for rural housing. alone; Washington will no longer dictate for our ability to compete in international Because of the interest of my colleagues without consulting," said the President. trade is diminishing. In 1964-a good year­ U .S. exports exceeded imports by $7.1 billion. and the American people in this most im­ Some Nixon proposals now before Con­ portant problem. I place the editorial in gress illustrate the new channel down which In contrast, during the first half of 1969 the Mr. Nixon wants to go. value of exports topped that of imports by the RECORD herewith. · First, Mr. Nixon is ready to take the first only $0.15 billion. The editorial follows: step toward sharing federal income tax rev­ An even greater factor than increasing HOUSING FOR THE RURAL POOR enues with the states. State and local taxes imports of raw materials has been the in­ Nothing sets apart the poor family more do not keep pace with the expansion of the vasion of foreign finished products such as than the house it lives in. Calling it a house economy and lag behind demands for serv­ steel and automobiles from countries that is something of a sick joke in itself. Often ices. A sort of rebate of federal taxes could have more than recovered from the destruc­ with little or no heat, electricity, plumbing, help states, cities, counties and school dis­ tion of World War II. Our advantage of windows, roof, cellar, the houses of the rural tricts to meet needs without seeking grants leadership in mass production techniques poor are, at best, shadowy shacks where the from Washington, Mr. Nixon believes. has largely disappeared. We still lead in sci­ heat piles up in the summer, cold in the Second, Mr. Nixon proposes that the fed­ entific research and in the ability to innovate, winter and troubles all the time. "Substand­ eral government take on a central chunk but we have lost momentum. ard housing," the civil term for the hovels of the welfare load, providing a national A large contributor to our present prob­ of the poor, number 4.8 million, more than minimum of support but leaving most of lems has been the steel industry. Today, in half the nation's total of 8.2 million. They the administration and any extras as options spite of advantages in raw materials, it does can be found all the way from the lonely open to the states or local communities. not compete with the steel industries of Indian reservations of the West, where one Mr. Nixon will run into some friction, on Germany and Japan. It has been complacent, in two of the houses is subhuman, to the both the foreign and domestic sides of this and slow to adopt the basic oxygen furnace. rural areas of nearby Prince George's County new line of de-escalation.· In contrast, our chemical industry has where, amid suburban density, some 3,000 Governors already are protesting that the long been a leader in research activity. Thus families suffer inadequate housing. federal government ought to increase its it comes as an especially painful blow to learn The recent report of the first National contribution to welfare. Many a state gov­ that the U.S. chemical industry, which has Rural Housing Conference sponsored by the ernment will recoil when asked to chip in a contributed much to our balance of pay­ Rural Housing Alliance, indicates that the bigger share of money, manpower or ideas. ments, is feeling the effects of severe foreign prospect for decent shelter for the rural poor Likewise, foreign countries' leaders grow competition. This fact was documented in an is still a far-away dream. Stating correctly apprehensive when President Nixon talks article by J. G. Tewksbury in the 28 July that "private enterprise cannot provide de­ about reducing U.S. commitments. On his issue of Chemical and Engineering News. He cent housing for low-income families without Asian tour in July, Mr. Nixon was asked cited as an example one of the crucial petro­ public subsidies,'' the i·eport recommends a over and over to repeat that America will chemical intermediates, ethylene. This sub­ national housing goal for the 1970s of at least not back out of its treaty commitments. stance enters into plastics such as·polystyrene 27 million additional adequate units, with Getting other members of the North At­ and polyethylene and also into other key 13 ¥2 million of those for rural areas. lantic Treaty Organization to put up more chemicals. Analysis of the production and In a nation where the rights of the poor troops or money or material, so tha,t the distribution of major items based on ethylene seem to be noticed mostly when the poor United Staets can shrink its overseas involve- reveals a dramatic change in the U.S. posi- rampage, the rural poor, our quiet and pas- September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26221 sive country cousins, can easily be ignored. As manders who now hold positions of high re­ efficiency: we, too, are striving for a reduced precisely they have been. The 1949 Housing sponsibility in the national government­ level of Defense spending. Act was to finance 135,000 units of low cost Don Johnson and Bill Galbraith. Let me go a step further. We agree with housing a year for six years among all the Don Johnson, as you know, ls the new Di­ our critics not only. on objec·tives but also poor. Nineteen years later, the 1968 housing rector of the Veterans Administration while on the fact that there is room for additional legislation was created to fulfill what was Bill Galbraith, your immediate past National substantial savings within. the Defense Budg­ promised in 1949. The Farmers Home Ad­ Commander, is now Deputy Under Secreyary et. The nub of the problem however, is this: ministration, the main agency for providing in the Department of Agriculture. They are How best can we increase the efficiency of the credit for the homebuilding rural poor, is both serving the nation as capably as they Defense Department and operate with the pitifully underfunded and understaffed. once served the Legion. lowest feasible Defense Budget without im­ The report of the National Rural Housing I want to commend you for your efforts to pairing national security in the process? Conference will likely end up as one more contact the Vietnam Veteran. Because there If our primary objective is to reduce the voice crying from the rural wilderness. Never­ is widespread confusion about Vietnam, there level of Defense spending no matter what theless, most of its 50 proposals on behalf is danger that the fine young men who fight the consequences, then, obviously, further of the rural poor are sound, humane and for us there will return to civilian life feel­ substantial spending cuts could be effected workable. The proposals cover such areas as ing that the risks and sacrifices they have immediately. But that course would be ir­ the creation of a rural development bank to undergone are neither understood nor ap­ responsible. finance housing, the creation of a nonprofit preciated. There is danger too that they will We cannot take imprudent risks that the housing development corporation, adequate suffer because of an anti-military mood that American people will not have the protection funding of current federal rural housing pro­ is becoming fashionable in some influential they need when they need it. As Legion­ grams and more research and technology into circles in our country. So I am particularly naires, you know as well as any citizens in low-income housing. happy that your interest in the Vietnam this country the vital need for maintaining These proposals are workable only if the veterans, who already number three million, a strong Defense posture. Those of you who Administration, Congress and nation realize is as strong as your interest in those of prior have known the ravages of war understand that we cannot buy our way out of poverty wars and that the energy that gave the na­ better than anyone else the importance of either cheaply or quickly. We have tried that tion the G.I. Bill after World Warn is now preventing wa-r. That has been my overriding and it hasn't worked. being exerted in the cause of equity for concern and my number one priority since today's veterans. assuming the office of Secretary of Defense. As your Keynoter this afternoon, I want to So what we have to do in reappraising and talk to you about national defense and in adjusting our Defense Budget is to insure SECRETARY LAIRD TALKS ABOUT particular about the hard choices we face in that any adjustments we make for the pur­ DEFENSE NEEDS the defense budget. We in Defense recognize pose of saving money or eliminating waste that the American economy, bountiful do not at the same time cut into the muscle though it is, is not a bottomless well. There of our needed preparedness and capability. HON. W. C. (DAN) DANIEL are limits to what it can produce. We recog­ Let us not be blind to the unpleasant facts nize, too, that, important as it is to provide of life in the world about us. We are still OF VIRGINIA for tlie security of the nation from external engaged in a war. And, although I hope that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dangers, there are other urgent tasks before we can continue steadily to reduce the num­ Thursday, September 18, 1969 the nation for which additional resources ber of American troops in Vietnam, there must be allocated in both the pubic and are more than 500,000 of our men there to­ Mr. DANIEL of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, private sectors of our economy. day. I will resist any budget cut!: that could those privileged to be in attendance at That economy must continue to grow so as add to American casualties in Vietnam. the American Legion National Conven­ to make available more consumer goods and Let us not be blind to threats to peace tion in Atlanta, Ga., on Tuesday, August an expansion of plant and equipment. Our in Korea or in other trouble spots in the 26, were treated to a forceful and concise cities must be made more liveable. Schools world where American military forces main­ must be improved. Crime must be reduced. tain a vigil. summation of the national defense pic­ The poor must be provided for and, in all Let us not be blind to other potential ture as it is today. The speaker was the possible cases, equipped to provide for them­ dangers to our country that may be magnified Secretary of Defense, the Honorable Mel­ selves. Pollution of air and water must be and intensified if we fail to maintain mili­ vin R. Laird. curbed. Transportation must be modernized. tary strength at a realistic level. In the belief that Secretary Laird's re­ Health facilities and personnel must be We shall strive to make the years ahead an marks would be of timely interest to my expanded. era of negotiation rather than confronta­ colleagues, I submit that they be in­ The list is long and growing. Progress to­ tion with the Soviet Union. We shall try to ward these goals requires capital, labor, reduce the danger of armed conflict by ade­ serted in the RECORD: time-and the attention and energies of all quately safeguarded agreements on arms ADDRESS BY THE HONORABLE MELVIN R. LAIRD, of us. limitation. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, BEFORE THE NATION· Since there are limits to our resources, we Until such agreements are concluded, how­ AL CONVENTION OF THE AMERICAN LEGION, as a people have to make choices. In particu­ ever, it would be folly to disarm unilaterally ATLANTA, GA., TuESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1969 lar, the President and the Congress have to or to permit a general weakening of our mili­ As a member of Post Number 54 of The make basic and difficult decisions about how tary strength. And, in determining the level American Legion in Marshfield, Wisconsin I many of a limited number of dollars will be of military strength appropriate for the am deeply grateful for the honor of delivering devoted to ea.ch of the aims of the national United States, we cannot ignore what is the keynote address to my fellow Legionnaires government and how many wm be left for going on in the Soviet Union. at this Convention. state and local governments and the private Since in the last analysis the American You are meeting in the Fiftieth Anniver­ sector to spend as they choose. people will determine the size and the shape sary year of The American Legion. Founded I can assure you that the Defense Depart­ of our Defense forces, I think it important in 1919, the Legion has become the largest ment is deeply conscious of the taxpayer's that the people know the facts required to Veterans' organization in the nation with 2.6 burden and of the importance of the domestic make an informed decision. It ls important million members in more than 16,000 Posts needs that lead to claims for more federal that they know the Soviet Union right now located throughout the world. But it is spending for non-Defense plll'poses. We are is devoting greater effort than the United neither size nor longevity that is the Legion's determined to keep Defense spending down States to strategic offensive and defensive proudest boast. The respect which your or­ and to reduce it wherever possible as long forces. ganization commands is due more to its pow­ as we can do so without imprudently weak­ On a dollar basis in 1968, the Soviet Union erful and positive influence over the years ening our ability to meet our Defense needs. spent approximately two dollars for every one to keep our country strong, secure and at Most of the critics of military spending, of dollar expended by the United States on peace, to nurture patriotism and good citi­ course, do not want to weaken our defense strategic offensive and defensive forces. zenship, and to assure that we honor the debt posture. Moot critics feel that the defense Since 1965 when the U.S. began a sub­ owed to our veterans. budget is oversized and wasteful-a judg­ stantial increase in military spending to sup­ Recently, two activities of The American ment they make principally because Defense port combat forces in Vietnam, Soviet ex­ Legion have touched me directly.tam grate­ spends so laxge a part of our national govern­ penditures have risen rapidly for a different ful, as is President Nixon, for the vigorous ment's budget. Our Defense budgets, in abso­ purpose-the strengthening of strategic and effective support which you ~ave to the lute amounts, are large. But so are our forces. In 1968, Soviet spending for strategic Administration's proposal for pushing for­ responsibilities. Defense receives about 41¢ forces was about 30 per cent higher than ward with the Safeguard Anti-Ballistic Mis­ of every dollar disbursed from Washington, it was in 1965, whereas U.S. spending for such sile System. And, I have had no more pleasant and the share allocated '.;o Defense has been forces has remained relatively stable. experience than the discussions I enjoyed shrinking. Defense expenditures in 1969 were I do not want the import of these facts to a few weeks ago with the bright and earnest less than 9 per cent of our Gross National be misunderstood. Our overall military capa­ young people who participated in Boys Na­ Product. Next year they will be lower both bility today, together with the effort we have tion and Girls Nation under your sponsor­ in absolute amounts and as a percentage of programmed in our Defense planning, pro­ ship. the output of the economy. vides sufficient protection to the nation for I want to digress for a moment to pay We in Defense share the objectives of our the immediate future. But, if we project the tribute to two of your former National Com- crit ics-we, too, want to achieve greater trends which I have pointed out on beyond 26222 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 the next few years, doubts about our future importance of research and development. I 2. I am proceeding now with these plans security arise. recognize that this part of our program is a because any delay until Congress finally acts In April, the Nixon Administration sent to tempting target for budget cutters. It's an on Defense appropriations would make it the Congress a revised budget that was $3.1 area where cuts can be made today without absolutely impossible to make required re­ billion lower than the Johnson Administra­ an immediate and apparent degradation of ductions in any orderly and efficient way. t~on request in appropriations and $1.1 bil­ our forces. But, for the long run, nothing Acting now, we still are compelled to inflict lion lower in actual spending. could be more detrimental than to neglect hardship on many of our personnel, military That in itself was a difficult amount to our research and development needs. and civilian, whose lives will be disrupted. squeeze out of the Defense budget--not be­ To complete the total, there are two re­ 3. The effect of these cuts is to increase c'ause the whole budget consists of muscle, maining categories of I;>efense spending. Our the risks to which the American people are but because getting the fat out without general purpose forces-aside from Southeast exposed. Any further major cuts for the pres­ weakening the muscle is a function of such Asia-accounted for $22 billion of that John­ ent fiscal year would involve even greater risk things as time and organizational change son budget total. This covers our Army and and further disruptions. whose impact cannot be fully felt in the Marine divisions; our Naval forces-attack Time and again in our past history our year in which it is undertaken. carriers, antisubmarine warfare forces, am­ nation has paid a frightful price for allow­ The Chairman of the House Appropriations phibious forces, and others; and Air Force ·ing its armed forces to dwindle to levels that Committee, George Mahon of . Texas, has tactical aircraft. Also included here are our proved to be too low to discourage or to stated publicly that his Committee will cut worldwide intelligence and communications counter aggression. "Too little and too late" at least $5 billion from the appropriations re­ systems; airlift and sealift; and our National has been the epitaph of more than one great quest now pending before Congress. He Guard and Reserve forces. This $22 billion, in nation in human history. I am determined alerted me to the fact that the current fiscal short, covers all the muscle we have, aside that it will not be ours. year is running and that action should be from the forces in Southe1ast Asia and the To maintain the military strength needed taken now to cut back Defense programs. strategic forces that provide our nuclear in the years immediately ahead, however, vig­ In response to Congressional pressure, I de·terrent. orous support of this objective by the Amer­ announced last week that the Department Finally, the Johnson budget included about ican people will be required. I shall do my of Defense is preparing to cut spending this $15 billion for administration and support. best so to manage the Department of Defense year by an additional $3 billion. Even these This category covers our large training estab­ as to deserve and win that support. cuts do not satisfy some critics who im­ lishment; medical and hospital facilities; You who have seen war at first hand know patiently demand additional major reduc­ supply systems; the maintenance and re­ that national weakness is not the way to tions in the level of spending this fiscal building of weapons; and the general over­ peace or to freedom. You who cherish peace year. head of the Department. These activities, of and freedom know that they must be pro­ These critics are urging a very dangerous course, are essential to the success of all the tected with a keen sword and a stout shield. course. If we are forced by Congressional ac­ programs of the Department. Pledge with me .to keep that national sword tion to make such additional cuts, the end It is in the last two categories of the and shield ready until, in God's good time, result would be counterproductive. Rather budget-our general purpose forces outside all nations learn to live together in peace than achieving real and lasting savings, we Southeast Asia, and the area of administra­ and brotherhood. could instead be producing greater inefficien­ tion and support-that we must look for I ask your help, knowing that the American cy, higher long-term costs and greater prob­ budgetary cutbacks. These two ·categories Legion will never shirk the responsibility of lems than already exist in such intangibles leadership in the struggle to keep the nation came to $37 billion in spending in the John­ secure and at peace. For 50 years the Legion as morale and personnel efficiency. We could, son budget. We are now making preparations in short, reduce our Defense readiness both has rendered service to the nation far be­ to cut $4.1 billion from the spending level yond the call of duty. In recognition of that for the short-term and the long-term while in the Johnson budget, and most of this cut bringing about only short-lived dollar sav­ record of service, I am pleased to award to will have to come from these areas. the American Legion the Department of De­ ings. Now, let me introduce one further thought. Let me outline briefly for you precisely fense Meritorious Award accompanied by the We have been talking about spending-and following citation: what the problem is. The budget proposed to about one-third of what we will spend this the Congress in January 1969, by the Johnson year results from contracts in prior years. It CITATION Administration, called for $79 billion in De­ is the payment now coming due on bills con­ The American Legion has for fifty years fense spending. tracted in the past by earlier Administra­ performed outstanding service to the men The budget with which the Nixon Adminis­ tions. and women of the Armed Forces and to tration started was, in the eyes of the Serv­ And this, in a nutshell, is our problem: the former members of the Armed Forces. ices and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, an austere programs that we can regard as serious can­ Through a well-developed program of coop­ budget, since their initial requests totalled didates for immediate spending cutbacks eration with the Department of Defense, the more than $100 billion. Now let me divide comprise well under half of our budget-and Veterans Administration, and other federal this reduced amount of $79 billion into sev­ even for these, a third of the spending is fixed agencies, the Legion has provided effective eral categories, to give you a better idea of by prior-year contracts. Thus, the planned counselling and referral services which have the problems we face. spending cutbacks we have announced a.ssisted Armed Forces personnel returning to First of all, about $25 billion of the $79 amount to 15 to 20 per cent or more of the civilian life. The extensive and highly suc­ billiC!ln represents the special cost of support­ expenditures that are really subject to re­ cessful youth programs of The American Le­ ing our combat operations in Southeast Asia. duction at this time. gion have done much to develop American­ This can be reduced only as a result of na­ Last Thursday, I announced some of the ism in our nation's youth. The dusk-to-dawn tional policy decisions which reduce the level actions we feel constrained to take as a re­ lighting of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of our effort such as the 25,000 troop rede­ sult of the cuts Congress is expected to make at Arlington National Cemetery during the ployment announced by the President at in the Defense Department budget this year. fiftieth anniversary observance is a perma­ Midway. In order to make short-term savings, sav­ nent beautification of this national shrine. A little less than $3 billion represents pay­ ings that would have a dollar impact in fiscal Accordingly, it is with personal apprecia­ ments to retired military personnel fixed by year 1970, we have to lay up more than 100 tion and great pleasure that I confer upon law. ships, reduce flying operations by 300,000 The American Legion the Department of De­ Southeast Asia costs and retired pay add hours, close some bases, and reduce military fense Meritorious Award. to nearly $28 billion-well over one-third of and civilian manpower probably by more our spending total. than 150,000 before the fiscal year ends ten This leaves $51 billion of that Johnson months from now. budget. About $8 billion is for strategic The actions announced last week, taken NEW TROOP WITHDRAWAL forces-for intercontinental ballistic missiles, together with other cuts made earlier in the Polaris submarines, bombers, and defense sys­ year, would reduce Defense spending by $4.1 tems which are the backbone of our nuclear billion in fiscal year 1970. HON. WILLIAM B. WIDNALL deterrent. Even if we adopted the posture ad­ When I announced our preparations to vocated by the severest critics of Defense pro­ make reductions of this magnitude, I said OF NEW JERSEY grams, we would not make a major dent in that they will inevitably result in some weak­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the $8 billion for the current fiscal year. The ening of our worldwide military posture. Thursday, September 18, 1969 recent ABM debate, for example, did not I apologize for overwhelming you with significantly involve 1970 spending. numbers, but it is impossible to discuss the Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, President Another $6 billion is for research and de­ budget without getting into figures. Let me Nixon's announcement of the withdrawal velopment, aside from strategic forces and summarize the conclusions to which all of 35,000 additional troops is a significant special Southeast Asia items. This is the these statistics lead: demonstration of America's desire for part of our effort that provides our military 1. Because of the clear intention of Con­ peace and an end to the long and bloody strength for the future. Without adequate gress to force a heavy cut in Defense spend­ research and development, the American ing this year, I have announced our plans to conflict in Vietnam. military in the future will find itself out­ make further reductions of up to $3 billion Throughout the world, people are rec­ maneuvered, outgunned and overmatched. in addition to the $1.1 billion in spending we ognizing . that America's earnest hope The Soviets are certainly aware of the critical announced earlier in the year. that the war be brought to an end is September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26223 being backed up by actions; accordingly, MFA magazine, will be of interest to the TEXTILE PROBLEMS they will be awaiting a response from Members. Illustrating the article is a This week a Japanese trade delegation is Hanoi to this latest peace overture. photograph showing how dignity and scheduled to come to Washington to dis­ Equally as· important as our troop restful beauty are achieved through cuss the b.road subject of textile imports with American government officials. withdrawal, Mr. Speaker, is America's modem architecture in the sanctuary of This is an increasingly prickly subject for determination to stand by our allies in the new St. Clement Catholic Church the American textile industry upon which South Vietnam. An editorial in the building south of Bowling Green in-Pike four million people in this country depend Washington Evening Star of. September County, Mo. for all or part of their livelihood. Approxi­ 17 points out that the announcement of The new building, where Father mately 40,000 people in Alabama look to the the withdrawal by Vice President Ky has Severin Lamping serves as priest, re­ textile manufacturing industry for their jobs important implications as to the attitude placed a structure with a towering steeple and an annual payroll in excess of $200 mil­ of his nation toward the withdrawal and lion. which had served as a community land­ The issue of textile imports is no new prob­ the future course of the war. mark since 1897. lem. Its almost vertical rise, while U.S. im­ I commend this article to the attention The article follows: ports have moved at a relatively slow pace, of my colleagues: To THE HOUSE OF THE LORD however, gives the domestic industry cause NEW TROOP WITHDRAWAL (By Rev. Severin Lamping) for genuine alarm; an alarm which eventu­ The withdrawal of 35,000 additional Ameri­ Text: "I will go to the house of the Loi:d, ally could have a severe depressing effect on can troops by December 15 offers convincing to God who gives joy to my youth"-Psalm American jobs, payrolls and investment. evidence of President Nixon's determination of David. Japan is the major source of imported to reduce the level of America's participation God himself favored a fixed and definite textile products. Its hourly wage rate in the in the Vietnam war as fast i:.nd as far as place for worship. He had His Mount Sinai textile industry is 38 cents, compared with possible. The tide, which carried a total of crowned with fearful smoke, and the Burn­ the $2.28 current hourly average in our do­ 534,000 servicemen to Vietnam, has clearly ing Bush from which he spoke to Moses, and mestic industry, an obvious competitive ad­ turned. The massive American strength is the Pool of Bethesda where the water was vantage in the contest for markets. ebbing. stirred and the sick were healed. This wage difference, however, is not what For the present, there is no real impair­ Consequently, man's natural instinct sug­ disturbs the U.S. textile industry the most. ment of America's ability to fiE:;ht. During the gests that there should be a special spot, a Japan consistently and adamantly has re­ prolonged period of buildup, thousands of definite place for the practice of religion; in jected any proposal suggesting that it adopt troops were needed to pave the way for the other words, a church, a meeting place of voluntary export quotas, an attitude echoed expected arrivals; to build airports, living man with his God and God with man. And, by the lesser textile producing areas in Asia. quarters, roads and supply facilities. It has therefore, a church no more stands between American textile officials, including those been estimated that perhaps as many as 100,- man and his God than a cup stands between who lead the operations of a number of 000 can be pulled out before America's fight­ a man and his coffee. Alabama's largest textile enterprises and of­ ing ability will begin seriously to diminish. Would that every church in the U.S., of ficials of the Alabama Textile Manufacturers But the additional troop withdrawal, which whatever creed, were bulging its walls with Association, outlined their position on the will bring the total cut to 60,000, cannot be import problem to Birmingham newspaper dismissed by Hanoi--or by the wa.r's growing Sunday worshippers! Would that all pro­ fessed Christians went to the house of the representatives last week. legion of domestic opponents-as tokenism. The American industry is not asking the It is a clear sign of good faith--a sign that Lord regularly to hear the Word of God and to be nourished by the precious Body of His federal government to impose harsh, protec­ no buildup back to the top levels of last Divine Son! tionist quotas on foreign-made textile im­ February is being considered as a possibility. ports. They are willing to match the produc­ It should be sufficient to produce a positive This is why we should attend Sunday serv­ ices-that we may grow in Christ, in His tion of American mills---the world's most ef­ reaction from the other side, in the field and ficient--against foreign competition under at the peace talks. Hanoi's chief negotiator, Grace, in His Truth and in His Love. After all the church was built ... "That the equitable conditions. Xuan Thuy, is on record to the effect that What causes distress is that almost indis­ further reductions of American troops could beauty of His countenance be not hidden from his own, that his wounds and woe criminate imports-mostly from Japan­ improve the atmosphere at Paris. Those words have far outstripped American exports, grad­ should now be translated into action. wherein He wrote His love be known to all the people He redeemed." ually eating into the domestic market and It was noted that the premature disclosure creating a large portion of this nation's pres­ of the troop cut by South Vietnamese Vice ently unfavorable balance of payments. President Nguyen Cao Ky seemed to cause The American industry is perfectly willing some annoyance in official Washington. for imports to continue, but not to the ex­ It is possible that the disclosure may have TEXTILE PROBLEMS tent that the rate of increase exceeds Amer­ ruffled the diplomatic waters a bit by coming ican growth, which is the case now. If the before the information was officially passed foreboding trends is permitted to continue along to all of America's friends and allies. HON. BILL NICHOLS But regardless of the personal vanity or po­ it will result in a slowdown in investment ir{ OF ALABAMA more modern plants and equipment and a litical ambition that prompted Ky to speak, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the method of disclosure had much to com­ resultant decline in American jobs. mend it. Thursday, September 18, 1969 If the Japanese delegation is unwilling to The vice president is generally accepted as agree to a more reasonable arrangement on South Vietnam's leading hawk, the official Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, this is an textile imports, then Congress or the Nixon most reluctant to see American power with­ encouraging week hopefully for the tex­ administration should waste no time in tak­ draw from his country and most scornful of tile industry of America. This week ing whatever action is necessary to halt self­ political compromise with the enemy. brings to Washington, a Japanese trade ish siphoning of American jobs and invest­ A constant danger of American withdrawal delegation who are here to discuss mat­ ment. is the possibility the South Vietnamese peo­ ters related to textile imports. Of course, ple, fearful of a sellout, may lose heart, and textilers play an important part in my ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT TO with it all faith in the ability of Saigon to own State. Many of us here in the Con­ stand up to the pressure from the north. But THE 24TH SESSION OF THE if Ky, their superhawk, announces the move gress and those of us from Alabama and GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE and assures them that the South Vietnamese other large textile producing States, are UNITED NATIONS, SEPTEMBER army is ready to take up the slack, who can insisting that the Japanese industry limit 18, 1969 question it? their textile imports coming into our Ky's revelation may have been premature. country. But it is a tactic that might be considered We hope this can be on a voluntary HON. JAMES G. FULTON for future official use. basis, however, the hour is already late . OF PENNSYLVANIA and if reasonable agreements cannot be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES worked out with our Department of Thursday, September 18, 1969 TO THE HOUSE OF THE LORD State, than I believe this Congress will want to pursue legislation already in­ Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. troduced in this session, to curve these Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE increasing exports which are penalizing marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ OF MISSOURI our American industries. lowing: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I believe this matter has been well ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT TO THE 24TH Thursday, September 18, 1969 stated by the Birmingham News and I SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF insert their lead editorial of September,. THE UNITED NATIONS, SEPTEMBER_ 18, 1969 Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, I believe 15, 1969, "Textile Problems" in the Madam President, Mr. Secretary General, a recent article in Today's Farmer, the RECORD: Distinguished Foreign Ministers and Dele- 26224 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 gates-and my fellow citizens of the world share of responsibility for their own secu­ As I announced on Tuesday, by December community: rity, both individually and together with 15 our troop strength in Vietnam will have There is no nobler· destiny, nor any greater their neighbors. The great challenge now is been reduced by a minimum of 60,000 men. gift one age could make to the ages that to enlist the, cooperation of many nations in On September 2, 1969,, North Vietnam's follow, than to forg.e the key to a lasting preserving peace and enriching life. This chief negotiator in Paris said that if the peace. cannot be done by American edict, or by the United States committed' itselI to the prin­ In this great Assembly, the desirability of edict of any other nation. It must reflect the ciple of totally withdrawing its forces from peace needs no affirma.tion. The methods of concepts and the wishes of those nations South Vietnam, and if it withdrew a signifi­ achieving it are what so greatly challenge themselves. cant number of troops, Hanoi would take our courage, our intelligence and our dis­ The history of the postwar period teaches this into account. cernment. that nationalism can. be dangerously disrup­ I repeat here today that we. are prepared to Surely if one lesson above all rings re­ tive-or powerfully creative. withdraw all our forces. soundingly among the many shattered hopes Our aim is to encourage the creative forms The replacement of 60,000 troops is a sig­ in this world, it is that good words are no of nationalism; to join as partners where nificant step. substitute for hard deeds, and noble rhetoric our partnership is appropriate, and where it The time has come for the other side to is no guarantee of noble results. is wanted, but not to let a U.S. presence sub­ respond to these initiatives. We might describe peace as a process em­ stitute for independent national effort or The time has come for peace. bodied in a structure. infringe on national dignity and pride. In the name of peace, I urge all of you For centuries, peace was the absence of It is not my belief that the way to peace here-representing 126 nations-to use your war and stability was the absence of change. is by giving up our friends or letting down best diplomatic efforts to persuade Hanoi But in today's world, there can be no sta­ our allies. On the contrary, our aim is to to move seriously into the negotiations bility without change--so that peace becomes place America's international commitments which could end this war. The steps we have a continuing process of creative evolution. It on a sustainable, long-term basis, to encour­ taken have been responsive to views ex­ is no longer enough to restrain war. Peace age local and regional initiatives, to foster pressed in this room. We hope that views must also embrace progress-both in satisfy­ national independence and self-sufficiency, from this organization may; now also be in­ ing man's material needs and in fulfilling his and by so doing to strengthen the total fabric fluential in Hanoi. If these efforts are suc­ spiritual needs. of peace. cessful, the war can end. The test of the structure Of peace is that We do not pretend that the United States The people of Vietnam, North and South it ensure for each nation the integrity of its has no national interests of its own, or no alike, have demonstrated heroism enough to borders, its right to develop in peace and special concern for its own interests. last a century. They have endured an un­ safety, and its right to determine its own However, our most fundamental national speakable weight of suffering. They deserve a destiny without outside intervention. interest is in maintaining that structure of better future. When the war ends, the United As long as we live with the threat Of ag­ international stability on which peace de­ States will stand ready to help the people of gression, we need physical restraints to con­ pends, and which makes orderly progress Vietnam-all of them-in their tasks of re­ tain it. possible. newal and reconstruction. When peace does But the truest peace is based on self re­ TOWARD PEACE IN VIETNAM come at last to Vietnam, it can truly come straint-on the voluntary ac.ceptance of those with healing in its wings. Since I took office as President, no single basic rules behavior that are rooted in AN ERA OF NEGO'.l!IAil'ION mutual respect and demonstrated in mutual question has occupied so much of my time forbearance. and energy as the search for an end to the In relations between the United States and The more closely the world community war in Vietnam-an end fair to the people the various Communist powers, I have said adheres to a single standard in judging in­ of South Vietnam, fair to the people of North we should move from an era of confrontation ternational behavior, the less likely that Vietnam, and fair to those others who would to an era of negotiation. standard is to be violated. be affected by the outcome. I believe our relations with the Soviet We in the United States want an end to Union can be conducted in a spirit of mutual ROLE OF THE· UNITED STATES the war, and we are ready to take every rea­ respect, recognizing our differences and also I am. well aware that many nations have sonable step to achieve it. But let there be our right to differ; recognizing our divergent questions about the world role of the United no question on this one fundamental point: interests, and also our common interests; rec­ States in the years ahead-about the nature in good conscience we cannot, in the long­ ognizing the interests of our respective allies and extent of our future contribution to the term interests of peace we will not, accept a as well as our own. structure of peace. settlement that would arbitrarily dictate the It would be idle to pretend that there are Let me address those doubts quite can­ political future of South Vietnam and deny not major problems between us, and conflict­ didly. to the people of South Vietnam the basic ing interests. The tensions of the past 30 In recent years, there has been some crit­ right to determine their own future free of years have not been caused by personal mis­ icism here in the United States of the scope outside interference. understanding. This is wh~ we have indicated and the results of our international com­ As I put it in my address to the American the need for extended negotiations on a broad mitments. people last May, ..-Nhat the United States front of issues. This trend, however, has not been confined wants for South Vietnam is not the impor­ Already, as you know, we have had exten­ to the United' States alone. In many coun­ tant thing. What North Vietnam wants for sive consultations with the Soviet Union as tries we find a tendency to withdraw from South Vietnam is not the :mportant thing. well as with others about the Middle East, responsibilities; to leave the world's often What is important is what the people of where events of the past few days point up frustrating problems to the other fellow and South Vietnam. want for South Vietnam." anew the urgency of a stable peace. hope for the best. To secure this righ t--and to secure this The United States continues to believe that As for the United States, I can state here principle-is our one limited but funda­ the UN cease-fire resolutions define the today without qualification: We have not mental objective. Ininimal conditions that must prevail on the turned away from the world. Both in public and at the Paris talks, we ground if settlement is to be achieved. We We know tha.t with power goes responsi­ have offered a number of proposals which believe the Security Council resolution of bility. would bring peace and provide self-determi­ November, 1967, charts the way to that nation. We are ready to consider any other settlement. We are neither boastful of our power, nor proposals that have the same objective. The A peace, to be lasting, must leave no seeds apologetic about it. We recognize that it missing ingredient so far has been the will­ of a future war. It must rest on a settlement exists; and that as well as conferring certain ingness of the other side to talk on any which both sides have a vested interest in advantages, it also imposes upon us certain terms other than those that would pre-de­ maintaining. obligations. termine the result and deny the right of self­ We seek a settlement based on respect for ·As the world changes, the pattern of those determination to the people Of South Viet­ the sovereign right of each nation to exist responsibilities changes. nam. Once that willingness exists, and once within secure and recognized boundaries. We At the end of World War II, the United there is a genuine willingness by the other are convinced that peace cannot be achieved States for the first time in history assumed side to reach agreement, the practical solu­ on the basis of substantial alterations in the the major responsibility for world peace. tions can readily be found. map of the Middle East. We are equally con­ We were left in 1945 as the one nation This makes it urgent that the UN mem­ vinced that peace cannot be achieved on the with sufficient strength to contain the new bers who have long taken an active interest basis of anything less than a binding, ir­ threats of aggression, and with sufficient in peace in Vietnam now take an active revocable commitment by the parties to live wealth and industrial capacity to help the hand in achieving it. together in peace. injured nations back to their feet. Many urged that if only we halted our Failing a settlement, an agreement on the For much of the world, those first difficult bombing of the North, peace would follow. limitation of the shipment of arms to the postwar years were a time of dependency. Nearly a year has passed since the bombing Middle East might help to stabilize the situ­ The next step was toward independence, of the North was stopped. ation. We have indicated to the Soviet Union, as new nations were born and old nations Three months have passed since we began without result, our willingness to enter such revived. the process of troop replacement, signaling discussions. Now we are maturing together into a new both our own genuine desire for a settle­ In addition to our talks on the Middle East, ·pattern of inter-dependence. ment- and the increased readiness of the we hope soon to begin talks with the Soviet It is against this background that we have South Vietnamese to manage their own de­ Union on the limitation of strategic arms. been urging· other nations to assume a greater fense. There is no more important task before us. September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26225 The date we proposed for the opening of bra.tes the infinite possibilities of man him­ and specialized agencies in developing edu­ talks has passed for lack of response. We re­ self. cational and training opportunities to meet main ready to enter negotiations. Such a peace requires a fuller enlistment future needs for specialists, especially in the Since the United States first proposed not only of government resources, and of use of earth resource satellite data. strategic arms talks three years ago, the task private enterprise resources, but also of the We shall consider specific international ar­ <>f devising an effective agreement has be­ dedication and skill of those thousands of rangements for handling the data needs of come more difficult. The Soviet Union has people all over the world who a.re ready to other nations and specialized agencies. been vigorously expanding its strategic volunteer in the -cause of human advance­ We will be putting proposals to this effect forces; weapons systems themselves have be­ ment. Our own Peace Corps has helped in before the United Nations. come more sophisticated and more destruc­ many countries. I especially welcome the con­ These are among the positive, concrete tive. But as the difficulty of the talks in­ sideration the UN itself is now giving to steps we intend to take toward international­ creases, so too does their importance. establishment of an International Volunteer izing man's epic ventures into space--an ad­ Though the issues are complex, we are Corps. We stand ready to give this exciting venture that belongs not to one nation, but prepared to deal with them seriously, con­ new venture our full and enthusiastic to all mankind, and one that should be cretely and purposefully-and to make a cooperation. marked not by rivalry, but by the same spirit determined effort not only to limit the build­ III. As the UN looks toward the beginning of fraternal cooperation that so long has up of strategic arms, but to reverse it. of its Second Development Decade, it faces been the hallmark of the international com­ Meanwhile, I want to affirm our support a time of enormous challenge and enormous munity of science. for arms control proposals which we hope opportunity. A survey of history might discourage those the Geneva conference will place before this We can only guess at the new scientific dis­ who seek to establish peace. Assembly with regard to the seabed and to coveries the 70's may bring, but we can see But we have entered a new age, different chemical and bacteriological weapons. We with chilling clarity the gap that already not only in degree but in kind from any that hope also that the Nuclear Non-Proliferation exists between the world's developed and its has gone before. Treaty will soon enter into force. developing economies-and the urgent need For the first time ever, we have become a We should be under no illusion, however, for international cooperation in spurring single world community. that arms control will in itself bring peace. economic development. For the first time ever, we have seen the Wars are fought by soldiers, but declared by If, in the course of the Second Development staggering fury of the power of the universe politicians. Peace also requires progress on Decade, we can make both significant gains unleashed, and we know that we hold that those stubbornly persistent political ques­ in food production and significant reduc­ · power in precarious harness. tions that still divide the world-and it re­ tions in the rate of population growth, we For the first time ever, technological ad­ quires other exchanges not only of words but shall have opened the way to a new era of vance has brought within reach what once of deeds, that can gradually weave a fabric of splendid prosperity. If we do only one with­ was only a poignant dream for hundreds of mutual trust. out the other, we shall be standing still. If millions-freedom from hunger and freedom We intend to conduct our negotiations we fail in both, great areas of the world will from want. with the Soviet Union soberly and seriously, face human disaster. For the first time ever, we have seen neither encumbered by prejudice nor blinded IV. Increasingly, the task of protecting changes in a single lifetime that dwarf the by sentimentality, seeking to reach agree­ man's environment is a matter of interna­ achievements of centuries-and that con­ ments rather than to make propaganda. tional concern. Pollution of air and water, tinue to accelerate. Whenever the leaders of Communist China upsetting the balance of nature-these are For the first time ever, man has stepped choose to abandon their self-imposed isola­ not only local problems, and not only na­ beyond his planet-and revealed us to our­ tion, we are ready to talk with them in the tional problems, but matters that affect the selves as "riders on the Earth together," same frank and serious spirit. basic relationship of man to his planet. bound inseparably on this one bright, beau­ tiful speck in the heavens, so tiny in the PEACE-KEEPING AND PEACE-BUILDING The United Nations already is planning a conference on the environment in 1972. I universe and so incomparably welcoming as a For nearly a quarter of a century, the UN pledge the strong support of the United home for man. has struggled with the often thankless tasks States for that effort. I hope that even before In this new age of historic "firsts," even of peace-keeping. then we can launch new international the goal of a just and lasting peace is a As we look to the future, however, keeping initiatives toward restoring the balance of "first" we can dare to strive for. We must the peace is only part of our task. We also nature, and maintaining our world as a achieve it. And I believe we can achieve it. must concentrate on building the peace. healthy and hospitable place for man. In that spirit, then, let us press toward Let us be candid. There are many differ­ V. Of all man's great enterprises, none an open world-a world of open doors, open ences among the great powers, as well as lends itself more logically or more compel­ hearts, open minds-a world open to the ex­ among others, which as realists we know lingly to international cooperation than the change of ideas and of people, and open to cannot be resolved quickly. But we also know venture into space. Here, truly, mankind is the reach of the human spirit-a world open there are five areas in particular of great as one: as fellow creatures from the planet in its search for truth, and unconcerned with concern to us all with regard to which there Earth, exploring the heavens that all of us the fate of old dogmas and old isms-a world should be no national differences, in which share. open at last to the light of justice, and rea­ our interests are common and on which The journey of Apollo 11 to the moon and son, and to the achievement of that true there should be unanimity. These are: back was not an end, but a beginning. peace which the people of every land carry Securing the safety of international air There will be new journeys of discovery. in their hearts a-nd celebrate in their hopes. travel. Beyond this, we are just beginning to com­ Encouraging of voluntary s~rvice. prehend the benefits space technology can Fostering economic development and pop- yield here on earth. But the potential is THE NIXON POLICY OF RESTRAINT ulation control. enormous. IS TAKING HOLD Protecting our threatened environment. For example, we now are developing earth Exploring the frontiers of space. resource survey satellites, with the first ex­ I. By any standards, aircraft hijackings perimental satellite to be launched sometime HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON are morally, politically, and legally inde­ early in the decade of the 1970's. OF NEW YORK fensible. The Tokyo Convention has now been Present indications are that these should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES brought into force, providing for prompt be capable of yielding data which could as­ release of passengers, crew and aircraft. sist in as widely varied tasks as the location Thursday, September 18, 1969 Along with other nations, we also are work­ of schools of fish, the location of mineral ing on a new convention for the punish­ deposits and the health of agricultural crops. Mr. ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, two criti­ ment of hijackers. But neither of these con­ I feel it is only right that we should share cisms are heard about the new adminis­ ventions can be fully effective without co­ both the adventures and the benefits of tration by those of us who take frequent operation; sky piracy cannot be ended as space. As an example of our plans, we have trips-home. long as the pirates receive asylum. determined to take these five actions with The first of those has to do with the I urge the United Nations to give high regard to earth resource satellites, as this President's failure, so far, to end the war priority to this matter. The issue transcends program proceeds and fulfills its promise: politics; there is no need for it to become The earth resource satellite program will in Vietnam-though he has clearly the subject of polemics or a focus of political be dedicated to producing information not moved to reduce that conflict-and the differences. It involves the interests of every only for the United States, but also for the second relates to the continuing pain of nation, the safety of every air traveler, and world community. a rolling inflation from which nearly all the integrity of that structure of order on We will support the convening of a series of our citizens suffer. which a world community depends. of international symposia for reports on the In this latter respect, they ask why II. The creative, dynamic kind of peace I work in progress in this field and on projec­ have spoken of, of course, requires more than tions of future possibilities. Mr. Nixon has not gotten inflation under such basic protections. We shall cooperate in the establishment control; and, as all of us know from our To build this kind of peace, we must join of international information centers to mail, more and more of our constituents together in building our societies-in raising broade:µ dissemination of satellite data. who quite properly complain about infla­ a great cathedral of the spirit, which cele- We are prepared to work with other nations tion's inroads, are beginning to urge 26226 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 wage and price controls as an immediate ably in check. And just as artificially easy portant subject. I include the full text of alternative to the kind of fiscal and money is a major source of inflation, so tight the editorial, the article, and accompany­ monetary restraint the President has money shoUld be a major part of the cure. By coincidence, a research project thait is ing charts following my remarks: sought to apply to this, our most serious still in progress supports the view that mone­ MARS, THE EARTH A.ND. CbMMITMENT domestic problem of the moment. tary policy exerts a strong (albeit slow) im­ So now they want to send men to Mars. In my replies to suet. written sug­ pact on the economy. According to Reserve NASA director Dr. Thomas Paine says we have gestions, and in my personal conversa­ Board member J. Dewey Daane, the study the technical knowledge to do the job by tions with others at home of like mind, "suggests that monetary policy is a more 1981. All we need is. the will and commitment. I have been counseling patience as best I powerful tool of stabilization policy than Well, we have the technical knowledge t.o can. It is no easier for anyone to be most economists, except perhaps Milton correct most of our urban pollution prob­ patient about the seemingly unending Friedman, woUld have guessed." lems-now. All we need is the will and com­ Certainly the record on fiscal policy is less mitment. We feel the will and commitment wave of inflation we have been endurfog, impressive. The Nixon Administration is se­ to battle pollution have been evident in most than it is to be patient about the tremen­ rious about cutting spending below that of our municipal governments. But we can't dously complex task of finding some hon­ budgeted by the Johnson Administration, but say that about the federal government. Take, orable exit from that theater-of war­ it would still spend enormous amounts. Con­ for example, the shameful way it has failed to into which we so tragically stumbled in gress did extend the tax surcharge, which meet its obligations under the 1966 Clean Vietnam. should never have been necessary if the Waters Restoration Act. A total of $1.3 billion But public-and congressional-pa­ Government had got its finances in order, woo authorized under the act from fiscal 1967 but the lawmakers appear, as usual, little through 1969. But how much actually was tience is, I believe, indicated in both in­ disposed t.o thrift. appropriated to help states and local govern­ stances. Corrective action, in either Raising taxes as an anti-inflation weapon ments build wastewater treatment facilities? area of concern, even when of the right is at best a dubious procedure anyway. It Only $567 million, or roughly 44 per cent. The nature, is necessarily slow of result. Thus cuts the people's purchasing power but adds remaining unappropriated 56 per cent is an it is that, whenever some glimmer of light to the Government's, and Governmental fi­ outrageous funding gap. But during that begins to appear at the end of either one nancial excesses are the chief cause of same period, a total of $4.1 billion in waste­ of these two long tunnels through which inflation. water treatment facilities somehow were we have seemed to be crawling forever, Even so, the surcharge helped in turning built. Where, then, did the money come from? mammoth deficits into small surpluses. If It came, of course, from local governments that light ought to be noted for such en­ the Government stays on that course, if it (and, in a few cases, from s.tates), placed couragement as it may bring. sticks to monetary restraint, and if it could under the gun to meet new federal/ state Today's lead editorial in the Wall get spending down, the way should be cleared water quality standards set by the 1965 Street Journal offers a modicum of such for sound noninflationary economic growth. Water Quality Act. Now these water quality light with respect to the Nixon policies These--and not the wage-price controls be­ standard deadlines are fast approaching and taking hold of inflation. I believe it to be ing foolishly advocated in some quarters­ many cities will be able to meet them only an accurate analysis of our present eco­ are the right approaches. by overextending themselves financially, thus nomic situat.ion, and I commend its Whatever happens in the months ahead, it taking already limited funds away from other is premature now to argue that the policy vital urban needs such as education, poverty, reading to my colleagues. The editorial of restraint is ineffective. More than prema­ and housing. Will Congress continue to re­ follows: ture, the statistics say the argument may nege on its obligation to fully fund the 1966 TAKING HOLD not even be factual. act? Not if the National League of Cities and A few bits of current or recent economic the other concerned groups joined toge·ther intelligence : in the Citizens Crusade for Clean Water have The July increase in private wages and anything to say about it. And not if the salaries was the smallest in a year. growing congressional support for a full $1- Retail sales are trailing the advances CLEAN WATER-NOW billion 1970 appropriation continues to gain posted earlier in the year. momentum. City officials and concerned citi­ Factory sales are expected to level off in HON. DAVID R. OBEY zens throughout the nation can join this the fourth quarter. fight for full federal funding by immediately In August, private nonfann housing con­ OF WISCONSIN bombarding their congressmen with requests tinued to decline. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to support the $1-billion 1970 appropriation. Success in gaining increased funding is not By July, private nonfarm housing starts Thursday, September 18, 1969 were down 29% from January. only necessary to meet our water pollution The gross national product, adjusted for Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, there .is control needs in the years ahead, but to re­ price changes, grew at an annual rate of only nothing that requires the attention of store local and state government confidence 2% in the second quarter, compared with a this Congress more urgently than the in the federal government's credibility. Na­ 7.4% rate a year earlier. And industrial out­ tional goals for an l;.nfouled urban environ­ put fell in August for the first time in a need to protect our environment. It is in­ ment have been enunciated by Congress year. conceivable that a civilized society should many times during the past decade. But, un­ These and other data seem to us to cast make an inadequate effort to prevent the like the space program, the will and commit­ doubt on the prevalent notion that present destruction of its very life. Yet, the pos­ ment to achieve these goals often have not Governmental policies of :fiscal and monetary sibility exists that inaction by the Con­ been present. Mars can wait. Our environ­ restraint have failed to take hold and hence gress and the administration, among mental pollution control needs here on Earth cannot be counted on to satisfactorily curb others, could make reality out of the in­ cannot. the inflation. conceivable. True, offsetting trends can also be dis­ ARE THE CITIES TRAPPED IN THE WATER cerned. Notably, many prices continued to Progress leading to the preservation of POLLUTION CONTROL FUNDING GAP? rise. But as we have said before, it takes our most precious resource, water, was made when the Congress passed the (By Raymond L. Bancroft) time to correct a fierce four-ye.ar-old infla­ Hopes were high back in 1966 when the tion, especially with plenty of inflationary Clean Water Restoration Act in 1966. But, Congress approved the Clean Waters Restora­ psychology s.till in evidence. The correction our performance to date has failed to tion Act. NATION'S CITIES called it "one of the is nonetheless under way; the First National back the promise contained in that act. 89th Congress' most sweeping accomplish­ City Bank's Letter puts it succinctly: The Clean Water Restoration Act set ments." " ... the conditions required to make price forth a plan of action that, if carried out, And indeed it was. The act called for a increases stick are being eroded. The rate of steady and steep rise in federal assistance for increase in sales is no longer so buoyant could make an important contribution toward reducing the amount of raw or in­ sewage treatment facility construction-from that manufacturers and retailers can con­ $150 million in fiscal 1967 to $450 million in fidently look to upward pric·e adjustments adequately treated sewage that enters 1968, $700 million in 1969, $1 billion in 1970, to help cover the high fixed costs that have our lakes and streams. Instead of carry­ and $1.25 billion in 1971. Financially hard­ been put rn place ..• ing out the plan, however, the executive pressed cities and counties were enthusiastic "The important point to bear in mind is branch has failed to reques'- and the Con­ about the prospects of really being able­ that while pricce inflation may continue to gress has failed to provide enough money With increased federal help--to meet the be excessive for a time yet, the sharp reduc­ to do the job. water quality standards then being drafted tion in real growth that has already oc­ by state water agencies under the Water curred will not penni·t excessive inflation to The seriousness of the situation was Quality Act of 1965. continue indefinitely." pointed out in the September issue of While the lofty money authorization levels That, at any rate, is, the way it ought to Nation's Cities, the magazine of the Na­ set in the 1966 act remain intact, however, the work, and the way the Government is trying tional League of Cities. The publication appropriations to match them have not been to make it work. The Federal Reserve Board devoted a front cover editorial and a made by Congress. In: fact, as the table on has been holding the- money supply admir- comprehensive article to this most im- page 8 shows, the appropriations from fiscal September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26227 year 1967 through 1970 (including $214 mil­ Vietnam War. Under prodding from the "This document [the report), then, views lion asked for '70) total $781 million, only budget cutters, the Administration has sent the municipal costs of water pollution con­ a third of the $2.3 billion authorized. Con­ Congress an alternative plan for financing trol within a context of dynamism. It grop't'ls struction grant officials in the Federal Water waste treatment plant construction. Under With the question of determining an appro­ Pollution Control Administration said in th.e plan, the Secretary of the Interior could priate rate of investment rather than estab­ July that applications for non-existent funds enter into contracts up to 30 years in length lishing a final cost of water pollution con­ continue to pile up. A total of 4,648 applica­ with a. local or state government to pay the trol. In substituting the dynamic view for tions for construction grants are now lan­ federal share of the costs of treatment plants. the static one, it recognizes the disagreeable guishing in FWPCA regional offices or in state This means larger bond issues would have fact th.at pollution controI will continue to water pollution bureaus. to be floated and the locality or state would require expenditures, that pollution cannot The result of the lag of federal funds for have to pick up the interest on the federal be ended by spending any single sum. It loses waste water construction projects naturally share. Federal payments to the state or local something in apparent precision. It is felt, has "put the burden back on the localities'' government" would be made up to 30 years to however, that the view compensates f·or any to pay for needed projects, says Robert Can­ cover that U.S. share. The National League lack of definition by bringing us clO\Ser to ham, acting executive secretary of the Water of Cities and other groups representing local a. manageable statement of real conditions. Pollution Control Federation, a national as­ governments are opposed to the plan. "We "The changed way of looking at things sociation representing both industry and gov­ think iNew Orleans, Memphis, the full $1 billion authorized for fiscal 1970 pinch of congressional promises in the light of funding realities. Richard A. Vanderhoof, and parts of New York City), remain avail­ construction grants, the National League of able for initial waste treatment investments, Cities has pointed out the bind in which director of FWPCA's Ohio Basin Region, notes the coming investment in new plants is con­ many cities will find thems~lves if they can­ the "clearly incompatible" nature of water centrated in small towns. The FWPCA report not get federal assistance. quality standards and the funds available to says communities under 10,000 population "Local improvements must be made since meet them. now account for almost half of the dollar the act provides for enforcement through the "We're making progress in water pollution value O'f investment for new waste treatment courts," said NLC President C. Beverly Briley, control if everyone would stand still," Van­ plants, up from slightly more th.an a third Mayor of Nashville, in a letter to Presi­ derhoof says. "But we must run faster. The during the 1952-55 period. dent Nixon urging his support of the full combination of industrial growth and mu­ Estimates from the states in their program appropriation. nicipal growth almost puts us in a position plans indicate that municipal waste han­ "Local units will be compelled to proceed of status quo, particularly with the level of dling investments over the 1969 through 1973 with major improvements and expenditures funds we have available." period will amount to about $6 billion, whether or not the federal government meets Although it is generally agreed that there roughly equal to that spent over the past five its obligations. The sad product will be thiat is a whopping backlog of unmet sewage treat­ years, the FWPCA report says. It is very likely cities will be forced to clean up the water­ ment needs in the U.S. (a 1967 FWPCA esti­ that spending for upgrading, expansion, and ways but will do so at the expense of improv­ mate put the total at $8 billion to provide replacement needs in 1969 will exceed the ing housing, education, and other critical secondary treatment for most of the urban outlays for new plant investments. "There local needs which draw upon the same re­ population), the 1969 edition of FWPCA's seem to be great expansion and replacement source base." The Cost of Clean Wa.ter and Its Economic needs in cities of all sizes," the report notes. Already communities in Pennsylvania, Mis­ Impact comes up with a much smaller back­ Adding to this trend will be the need for souri, Florida, California, and New Jersey log estimate of less than $2 billion. advanced waste treatment to meet the have faced state-imposed restrictions on fu­ "Only a fault in basic assumptions or a stricter state water quality control stand­ ture residential and commercial construction significant change in circumstances can ac­ ards. Tertiary or advanced waste treatment because of water pollution problems. count for the variation found to exist be­ is a state goal for many Indiana communi­ But many observers, including the NLC, tween various estimates of the cost of water ties by 1977, is contemplated for some Ohio feel it is unfair for cities to be forced to pt>llution and control," the agency report towns, is being phased into the Chicago sys­ comply with water quality standards while says. tem, and is planned for part of Long Island. many are not able to financially meet them "It may be argued," the report continues, Construction costs zoom upward for ad­ because Congress has failed to appropriate "that the concept underlying almost every funds already authorized. cost estimate that has been made-that is, vanced treatment facilities. Mayor Briley urged the Administration to the idea of a fixed backlog-is no longer a The need for advanced treatment, the in­ either support efforts to get full appropria­ valid assumption in light of the current creased emphasis on upgrading operational tions or, if this is not possible, to modify status of waste treatment as reflected in the efficiency, and the need to raise operator the schedule of compliance to permit cities 1968 Municipal Waste Inventory. wages will increase operating and mainte­ a longer period of time in which to meet "Water pollution is a process as well as a nance costs of municipal waste treatment water quality standards. condition. It is dynamic in its occurrence; plants "very sharply in the immediate fu­ The primary reason for lack of adequate :fluctuating in its circumstances. So wat& ture," the FWPCA report notes. Already these federal financing of the 1966 Clean Waters pollution control must be flexible in its ap­ operating and maintenance costs total $150 Restoration Act is the same given for other proaches; and time forms an essential ele­ million to $200 million a year, a doubling in domestic program appropriation lags: the ment in estimates of its cost. the last decade. OXV--1652-Part 19

. 26228 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 In summarizing its findings, the FWPCA occurs in precisely those places where cost all result in pressing capital requirements concludes: experience in the past has been highest, will upward significantly for many years." "It would appear, then, that there may be a substantial gap opening between the 1968 MUNICIPAL WASTE INVENTORY 1 amount the nation expects to spend-as measured by state program plans and by the Primary treatment Secondary treatment No treatment level of federal construction grant appropria­ tions-and the amount that will be required Communi· Communi· Size of place, Total ties Population Total ties Population Communi· Population to complete the connection of all sewered plants plants identifiable places to waste treatment plants and to ex­ 1960 census identifiable served served ties served pand, replace, and upgrade treatment where it now exists. Unknown . __ ------112 65 6, 284, 805 643 302 8, 049, 603 15 271, 725 Under 500 ______261 239 587, 361 1, 231 I, 117 1, 820, 942 252 79, 640 "The fact that the states as a group an­ 500 to 1,000 ______355 338 249, 101 1,422 1, 334 1, 322, 214 333 228, 444 ticipate programs that will involve a level of 1,000 to 2,500 ______623 550 980, 302 2, 160 1, 945 3, 422, 129 491 685, 556 spending very close to that of the last six 2,500 to 5,000 ______368 318 1, 110, 813 1, 329 l, 103 4, 325, 341 215 704, 898 years is a cause for major concern, despite 5,000 to 10,000 ______279 239 2, 532, 269 961 781 5, 763, 512 143 1, 649, 878 10,000 to 25,000 ______242 211 3, 453, 900 771 519 8, 875,655 82 1, 354, 855 the major accomplishments of the last six 25,000 to 50,000 ______106 83 3, 063, 100 258 166 6, 588, 635 25 839, 075 years. 50,000 to 100,000 ____ _ 48 41 3, 374, 220 158 74 6, 192, 422 14 1, 071, 710 "The findings of this report show that in­ 100,000 to 250,000 ____ 35 18 3, 419, 215 97 39 6,604, 168 8 I, 224, 070 250,000 to 500,000 ____ 17 9 3, 307, 525 76 IO 4, 200, 285 2 858, 905 vestment requirements imposed by new Over 500,000. ______22 6 15, 372, 410 77 9 18,620, 880 2 2, 305, 900 plant construction, expansion, replacement and upgrading of plants, accelerating accept­ Total.. ______2, 468 2, 117 43, 735, 021 9, 183 7, 399 75, 785, 786 1, 582 11, 274, 656 ance of industrial wastes in the municipal plant, increasing levels of waste reduction 11 ncludes 1962 rather than 1968 conditions for the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Iowa, and Arkansas. being required, and the fact that a very sig­ Source: "The Cost of Clean Water and Its Economic Impact," vol. 1, 1969 (preliminary data). Federal Water Pollution Control nificant portion of needed new investment Administration.

THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FUNDING GAP AUTHORIZATIONS VERSUS ALLOCATIONS UNDER THE 1966 CLEAN WATERS RESTORATION ACT (In millions)

1968 1969 1970 1968- 70 funding gap totals 1 Total Total Percent not States Authorized Allocated Authorized Allocated Authorized Allocated' authorized allocated Total gap funded

Tota'--·-·------$450. O $203. O $700. O $214. 0 $1 , 000. 0 $214.0 $2, 150. 0 $631. 0 $1 , 519. 0 70. 7

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Alabama ______------8. 4 4.1 12. 9 4. 1 18. 3 4. 1 39.6 12. 3 27. 3 68.9 Alaska______1. 2 • 9 1. 5 .9 1. 9 . 9 4.6 2. 7 1. 9 41. 3 Arizona______3. 8 2. 0 5. 6 2.1 7.8 2.1 17. 2 6.2 11. 0 64. 0 Arkansas______5. 2 2. 9 7. 6 2.8 10.6 2.8 23.4 8.5 14. 9 63. 7 California______35. 3 14. 6 56. 9 14. 9 82. 8 14.9 175. 0 44.4 130. 6 74. 6 Colorado______4. 7 2.4 7.1 2.4 10. 0 2.4 21.8 7. 2 14.6 67. 0 Connecticut______6. 2 2. 9 9. 7 2.9 13. 9 2. 9 29. 8 8. 7 21.1 70. 8 Delaware. ______1. 6 1.1 2. 3 1.1 3.0 1.1 6.9 3. 3 3.6 52. 2 District of Columbia______2. 3 1. 3 3. 3 1. 3 4.6 1. 3 10. 2 3. 9 6.3 61. 8 Florida______11. 8 5. 3 18. 6 5.4 26.8 5.4 57. 2 16.1 41.l 71. 9 4.6 21. 6 4.6 46. 5 13. 8 32. 7 70. 3 .. 1.3 4.1 1.4 9.3 4.1 5. 2 55. 9 ~;~:i~-Idaho___-~~======______2.~: ~5 t2. ~5 l~3. b4 1.6 4. 5 1.6 10. 4 3. 7 6. 7 64. 4 Illinois ______, ______22. 9 9. 6 36. 7 9.8 53. 4 9.8 113. 0 29. 2 83. 8 74. 2 Indiana______11.1 4. 9 17. 5 5.0 25. 2 5. 0 53. 8 14. 9 38. 9 72. 3 Iowa______6. 9 3. 3 IO. 7 3. 3 15. 3 3.3 32.9 9. 9 23. 0 69. 9 Kansas ... -----~------5. 7 2. 8 8. 6 2.8 12. 2 2. 8 26. 5 8.4 18. 1 68. 3 3.8 17. 0 3.8 36. 8 11. 3 25. 5 69. 3 4. 0 18.1 4.0 39. 1 12. 0 27. 1 69. 3 ~;~~~~~t====Maine ______======3.1~: ~ 1:1. ~9 g:4. ~5 1. 9 6. 1 1.9 13. 7 5. 7 8. 0 58. 4 Maryland .. ------·---- 7. 5 3. 5 11. 8 3.6 17. 0 3.6 36. 3 10. 7 25. 6 70. 5 Massachusetts------12. 0 5. 3 19. 1 5.4 27. 6 5.4 58. 7 16. 1 42. 6 72. 6 Michigan______18. 0 7. 7 28. 7 7. 8 41. 6 7. 8 88. 3 23. 3 65. 0 73. 6 Minnesota ______8. 4 3. 9 13.1 3. 9 18. 7 3. 9 40. 2 11.7 28. 5 70. 9 3. 4 12. 8 3.4 28. 2 10. 2 18. 0 63. 8 4. 8 23. 4 4. 8 50. 0 14. 3 35. 7 71. 4 ~:~~~~:t~~Montana .__--======______&2. 4~ 2.t 7~ &3. 3~ I. 5 4. 5 1. 5 10.2 3. 7 6. 5 63. 7 Nebraska______4. 0 2. 2 5. 9 2.1 8. 2 2.1 18. 1 6. 4 11. 7 64. 6 Nevada______I. 2 • 9 1. 7 .9 2. 2 1. 0 5. 1 2. 8 2. 3 45.1 New Hampshire______2. 2 I. 4 3. 0 I. 4 . 4. 0 I. 4 9. 2 4. 2 5. 0 54. 3 New Jersey______14. 0 6.1 22. 4 6. 2 32. 4 6. 2 68.8 18. 5 50. 3 73.1 New Mexico______3.1 2. 7 4. 4 .I. 9 6. 0 2. 1 13. 5 4. 7 8. 8 65. 2 New York ______37. 6 15. 5 60. 7 15. 8 88. 4 15. 8 186. 7 47. 1 139. 6 74. 8 North Carolina ______11. I 5.2 17. 4 5.2 24.9 5.1 53.4. 15. 5 37. 9 71. 0 North Dakota ______2.3 2.3 3.3 1. 6 4.3 1. 6 9.9 3.5 6.4 64.6 Ohio______22.1 9.4 35. 5 9.6 51.5 9.6 109.1 28.6 80. 5 73. 8 Oklahoma _------6.1 3.1 9. 3 3.1 13.2 3.1 28.6 9.3 19. 3 67. 5 Oregon ______4. 7 2. 4 7.1 2.4 10. l 2.4 21. 9 7.2 14. 7 67. 1 11.0 60.0 11.0 127. 0 32. 8 94.2 74.2 1. 6 5.3 1. 6 11. 9 4.8 7.1 59. 7 South~~~~~y:~r:~t==== Carolina ______======:______======2g6. 5 1~:~3. 4 4k~9. 7 3.4 13. 7 3.3 29.9 10.1 19.8 66.2 South Dakota______2. 5 2. 3 3. 5 1. 7 4.6 1. 8 10.6 3.8 6. 8 64. 2 Tennessee ______9. 0 4. 3 13. 9 4.3 19. 8 4.3 42. 7 12. 9 29. 8 69.8 Texas______22.0 9.4 35.2 9.6 51. 0 9.6 108.2 28. 6 79. 6 73. 6 Utah______2. 9 2, 7 4.1 I. 8 5. 6 I. 8 12. 6 4.3 8. 3 65. 9 1. 3 3.0 1. 3 7. 2 4.0 3. 2 44.4 4.5 21.7 4.5 46. 5 13. 5 33. 0 71. 0 ~r:g~n~~~Washington-~======______======7.U 0 3.U 3 11.iN 0 3.3 15. 7 3.3 33. 7 9.9 23. 8 70.6 2.8 10. 8 2.8 23.8 8. 3 15. 5 65.1 4.4 21.5 4.4 46. 0 13. 2 32. 8 71. 3 Wyoming_~fssc~~~~~i~~~~______======1.~: ~5 2.~:I 005 1~:2.1 g 1. 2 2.6 1. 2 6.2 2. 4 3. 8 61. 3 Guam ______1.6 2.8 1.6 1.5 1. 7 1. 4 4.9 3. 7 1. 2 24. 5 Puerto Rico ______6. 6 3. 5 9. 8 3.5 13. 7 3. 5 30.1 10. 5 19. 6 65.1 Virgin Islands ______1. 5 1. 5 1. 5 1.4 1.6 1.4 4.6 4.3 • 3 6.!i

1 1970 appropriations still pending. 2 Actual amounts used by these 8 States although they were entitled to use more. Unused amount totaling $8,300,000 from these 8 reallocated to other States. Source: federal Water Pollution Control Administration. September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26229 SOME ANSWERS ABOUT THE veterans never had a chance to "get on their freely these days. Alleging Mafia or Cosa feet," economically speaking. The chief ob­ Nostra connections is so clear a form of char­ NEGLECTED VETERANS jective of the Veterans of WWI is to secure acter assassination that it has become in benefits for the many thousands of needy practice as libelous per seas the courts have veterans and their dependents who are exist­ long recognized calling someone a Commu­ HON. ELIGIO de la GARZA ing today on a mere subsistence level. On the nist to be. OF TEXAS other hand there are large numbers of WWI Mr. Donofrio asserts in his $2 million dam­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES veterans who can never benefit by any age suit that he lost expected commissions pension legislation that can be adopted. It is from business deals spoiled by the state­ Thursday, September 18, 1969 this spirit of unselfish endeavor that has ments that he accuses Mr. Camp of making Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, under served to build the organization into the about him. The kind of merger and acquisi­ leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ potent force of our day. Their primary inter­ tion activities that Mr. Donofrio said he en­ ORD, I include the following address by est insofar as veteran groups is concerned gaged in is, of course, well known to many centers on the Veterans of WWI and they Toledoans. He and other members of his fam­ Mr. Ross Qualkinbush, entitled "Some mean to take every step to advance its ily have been enterprising operators of a Answers About the Neglected Veterans": growth and its influence. There are few to variety of businesses here and elsewhere for ADDRESS BY MR. QUALKINBUSH say they will not be successful. a good many years. In the process of parlay­ What is the Veterans of World War One The Veteran of WWI has had to overcome ing small stakes into wide and diverse inter­ organization? It is a veteran's organization tremendous handicaps and is still fighting ests, they have built a reputation for what chartered by Congress July 18, 1958 of WWI for those rights, benefits and privileges might be deemed particularly shrewd oppor­ Veterans: BY WWI Veterans; Flor WWI Vet­ which he feels are justly due him, the ne­ tunism at turning a profit. erans. It is an exclusive veterans organiza­ glected veteran. Won't you please help? But that alone is certainly no grounds for tion whose potential membership grows lesser suspecting ties to the so-called Mafia or Cosa day by day but whose fellowship grows Nostra. And if such suspicions about Mr. stronger as the years come and go. Each WWI WILL HON. WILLIAM B. CAMP, Donofrio were indeed generated by Mr. Camp, Veteran should be a member and help plan COMPTROLLER OF THE CUR­ we suspect he will be hard put to discharge for his future as that is where he will spend the burden of proof that the damage suit RENCY, VOLUNTARILY RETIRE, places on him. the rest of his life. The VA reported Aug. 4, OR WILL HE BE FORCED TO 1969, 1,647,000 WWI Veterans, average age RESIGN? To my way of thinking, this is a justi­ 74.7 years. fiable indictment by inference, of Mr. Briefly, this is a World War I Veteran. In Camp, because who would know Mr. 1918 this man was an average age of 23. He HON. JOHN H. DENT served his country in the trenches in a Thomas Donofrio better, personally, or strange and foreign land. In 1935 he was 40. OF PENNSYLVANIA by reputation, than the publisher and He suffered thru the depression, kept faith IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES personnel of his hometown newspaper? and preserved American Democracy. In 1943 Thursday, September 18, 1969 When you appraise the whole matter, he was 48. His labor produced the weapons of another important question arises, if Mr. war which made his country the arsenal of Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, my distin­ Camp is correct, then why did the top of­ freedom. He gave his sons in World War 2 guished colleague, Hon. ARNOLD OLSEN, a ficials of our Armed Forces give Mr. and his grandsons in Korea. Today his great member of the House Post omce and grandsons are fighting. Regardless of how Donofrio a top security clearance? you or I may feel about our involvement in Civil Service Committee, which com­ If Mr. Camp is right, then the ofiicials Vietnam, every American must support our mittee has legislative jurisdiction over all of the Armed Forces were wrong and, of fiesh and blood who are fighting and dying of our Federal employees, placed in the course, it well could be vice versa. in the steaming jungles. Anything else is CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of September 10, But the top officials of the Armed treason, just as the American Constitution 1969, remarks, the title of which read, Forces are not being sued; it is Mr. Camp, says! My Buddy, let me warn you that if "Request the Retirement and Resigna­ these plain words are too strong for you, it that is being sued, for $2,000,000, for his tion of Hon. William B. Camp, Comp­ wrongdoing. As a Member of Congress is time you learn the facts before it is too troller of the Currency," and which in­ late. from another State, with no ax to grind, The WWI Veteran is now an average age cluded a letter to President Richard M. but rather a person just believing in fair of 75 years. He is in retirement and in most Nixon, requesting the resignation and play, I construe this editorial as a tribute cases, is suffering fr-om a number of chronic retirement of William B. Camp, Comp­ to Mr. Donofrio. illnesses. His income has been reduced to an troller of the currency, together with a I feel sure that this outstanding news­ existence level. He has given a lifetime of lawsuit brought by Thomas F. Dono­ paper could have easily remained silent, ser.vice and provided the manpower in four frio, of Toledo, Ohio, as plaintiff, against major wars. What is his reward? He offered had not Mr. Donofrio earned the respect his all in his country's hour of need. In his William B. Camp, as defend ant. and confidence of his fellow citizens of twilight of life, what does his country offer Perhaps the most significant repercus­ Toledo, Ohio. him? sion of this lawsuit to date, aside from All of this seems to add up to the point Today we have some 215,000 members in leaving Mr. Camp in a very "sticky" that Mr. Camp has evidently outlived his the men's group and about 95,000 in the predicament, was the editorial in the further usefulness in the omce of Comp­ Ladies Auxiliary, which consists of Mothers, hometown paper of Mr. Donofrio, troller of the Currency and should be re­ Wives, Daughters or Sisters of WWI Vet­ namely, the Toledo Blade, an outstand­ tired and replaced. erans. For the most part, members have now ing and highly respected newspaper pub­ reached an age of betwen 72 and 80. Only a It is a rather sticky mess which has few of the men in this period receive full lished in Toledo, Ohio, which had this fallen in the lap of President Nixon, es­ Social Security benefits and it is obvious that to say about Mr. Donofrio in an editorial pecially since the omce of Comptroller of retirement funds must come from either on its editorial page on September 12, the Currency is a very sensitive and deli­ military service, railroad or business firms. 1969. cate position because it controls the Another thing to remember is that few of The editorial is entitled "The Burden destiny of over 4,700 national banks these WWI Veterans received an education of Proof" and is as follows: equal to high school or higher. throughout the United States. Despite the practice of thrift during their THE BURDEN OF PROOF My congratulations, therefore, go to lives, these "Defenders of our Nation," in Toledo businessman Thomas F. Donofrio's the Toledo Blade fo rhaving the courage 1917-1918 find themselves in an economic suit charging the U.S. comptroller of the cur­ to stand up for one of its hometown squeeze in cases where retirement funds do rency with slander and libel is of greater citizens, and to Congressman ARNOLD not go up with the cost of living. For this than passing interest just because it takes on OLSEN for his remarks in the RECORD. necessary reason we are asking our Govern­ a high federal official. But there is more to ment to augment such meager income lib­ the matter than that. eralizing Part 111 of the Old Veterans Code Mr. Donofrio accuses comptroller William POSTAL PROBLEMS which permitted veterans (disabled or un­ B. Camp, whose job is to supervise national able to work) $78.75 per month. We request banks, with spreading word among various that this be liberalized to include for the public and business circles that the Toledoan HON. JAMES J. DELANEY most part A-L-L of the old veterans of WWI is a member of what is termed the Mafia or OF NEW YORK and that the amount of pension be increased Cosa Nostra. If the comptroller did so, then to cover the cost of living increases. All this, it is entirely appropriate that he be called to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and more, have been included in Bills in­ account in a court of law. Thursday, September 18, 1969 troduced in Congress but never passed. Why? For those tags-referring to the profes­ When the doughboys returned from their sional underworld-are not the kind that Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, in these war assignments in late 1918-19, the country ought to be hung on anybody in loose talk, extremely busy times, when our whole was in a state of depression and some of the and they are bandied about altogether too world seems to be moving at "breakneck" 26230 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 speed, it is often refreshing to recall "the went in there one day last June to mail the $16,146 on a $4.4 million operational systems good old days,'' when life progressed at dress Tib left behind and a darling little sun­ development contract for the Self-Propelled an easier pace, and people seemed to take suit I made her out of a remnant with kit­ Hawk Missile System over the period August tens on it and a couple Of things for Bird 1965 to Septembei:: 1967. more interest in each other. along with a lot of book!:l a friend gave them. In Sperry Rand Corp., UNIVAC, Salt Lake City this regard, I would like to share I wanted to engage the gentleman at the saved the government $74,310 on a $3,992,819 with my colleagues a nostalgic article by window in a spirited debate on the question operational systems development contract Miss Celestine Sibley, of the Atlanta of whether the book rate prevailed or if I had running from March 1966 to September 1968 Constitution, concerning the Post Office to pay more because of the sunsuit. He looked for the Sergeant Guided Missile System, Department some 30 years ago, when the at me with a weary and bored eye and s·aid Artillery. beloved elder statesman, the Honorable nothing. International Telephone and Telegraph In the face of stony silence you can't keep Corporation, !'IT Electron Tube Division, James A. Farley was Postmaster General. blatting and braying like a half-wit. So I The article recalls an era when the Easton, Pa., recorded an underrun of $70, 712 choked back all the folksy little stuff I might on a $9,643,398 production contract running local post office was not only a place to have told him about the books and what they from May 1966 to June 1968 for the Night transact postal business, but also a gath­ were about and simply paid him the figure Vision-Image Intensifier Assembly 25mm. ering place where friends exchanged he mentioned. I didn't have the nerve to ask views on the issues of the day, or stopped him if I was paying a book rate or parcel post, much less to get him to advise me on insur­ in to say "hello" to friends. Jim Farley's ing or not insuring. (I always .depend on the popularity and affection among the peo­ post office to counsel me on this crucial ques­ COMMENDATION FOR REAR ADM. ple was so pervasive at that time it tion.) JOHN HARLLEE seemed to infect all postal employees. Would you believe the post office didn't Miss Sibley tells us that her recollection treat that package like saCTed trust? Or the of visiting the post office in those days next one? The first one came back the other HON. EDWARD A. GARMATZ was almost as though she were patron­ day, roughly two months after I mailed it. OF MARYLAND The second one is still missing. l suppose izing Jim Farley's "store." A store in somewhere postal employes are turning out IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which he took a very direct and personal bins and poking around corners looking. But Thursday, September 18, 1969 interest. I'd feel a sight more hopeful if Jim Farley Those days are gone now in the rush were still in Washington and I could tell him Mr. GARMATZ. Mr. Speaker, the re­ of progress and modernization. We miss that one package contained FIVE (5) sun­ cent retirement of Rear Adm. John Harl­ them. And we will always miss not hav­ dresses that I personally stitched up for Tib lee as Chairman of the Federal Maritime ing "Genial Jim" Farley as our Post­ myself. He'd care, I know, that they had Commission has marked the end of more underpants to match and that the blue one than 37 years of outstanding and faith­ master. had a hair ribbon to match. The article follows: ful service to the United States and the [From the Atlanta Constitution, maritime industry. Aug. 26, 1969] Through the administrations of three POSTAL PROBLEMS AMC'S COST UNDERRUNS Presidents, beginning with President Kennedy in 1963, Admiral Harllee worked (By Celestine Sibley) diligently and effectively to protect All of us have our weaknesses about old HON. 0. C. FISHER America's interest. He has been instru­ friends. If you've cared about somebody in the past it's almost impossible to believe OF TEXAS mental in maintaining our Nation's pres­ theyr'e slightly less than perfect. I love the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tige and influence in the world's mari­ time community. As a result of his ability post office department. The first time I Thursday, September 18, 1969 remember noticing it was when President and dedication to his duties as the Chair­ Roosevelt's friend, Jim Farley, was postmas­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, in recent man he made an invaluable contribution ter general and I thought he was a magnifi­ months there have been an abundance of to the American maritime industry dur­ cent fellow. Never forgot a name or a face, articles in the press and discussions in ing an extremely critical period. legend said of Mr. Farley, and I had a feeling Congress regarding cost overruns on A 20-year veteran of the U.S. Navy, that he personally read the addresses on my military procurement contracts. It is in­ letters and personally saw that they went Admiral Harllee has long been aware of through. deed refreshing to hear about the other the dual role of the merchant marine­ People who worked at the post office were side-cost underruns. as a vital arm of our natior,>.al defense, never colorless public servants toiling at tedi­ In a recent interview with General and as an indispensable factor in a ous jobs under the indifferent eye of politi­ Chesarek, commander, Army Materiel healthy national economy. He continu­ cal appointees to me. They were in a class Command, some of these underruns, ously emphasized that the American with the Northwest Mounties (as portrayed which resulted 1n substantial savings to merchant marine faces fierce foreign by Nelson Eddy, of course). They were blood the Government, were cited. competition, and he constantly stressed brothers to the · rural mail carriers who Also include i in this article, which the urgent need for the United States to braved sleet, snow, flood and fire to "Get the Mail Through." Even those who were back appeared in the September 6, 1969, issue regain its rightful share of this Nation's of wickets in marble buildings selling stamps of the Armed Forces Journal, is a sum­ import-export trade. and money orders and not braving anything marization of some of these underruns Admiral Harllee was an expert in his particular always seemed superior to the and I insert this summary in the RECORD. field. In addition to mastering the com­ average run of citizen. They were cleaner AMC's CosT UNDERRUNS plex regulatory functions peculiar to his and neater and politer. Over the pa&t several years AMC cites sev­ agency, he recognized and understood The mother of a friend of mine, widowed eral instances in which contraotors recorded the myriad problems of the entire mari­ early, manned the registered mail window substantial savings to the government. One time industry; his knowledge embraced in the Mobile post office, gentle, soft-spoken, is the Redeye Weapons System developed by the entire scope of that industry's far­ every inch an old-fashioned lady. And I al­ General Dynamics, Pomona, California. Dur­ :flung activities, from the longshoremen ways believed that the United States gov­ ing the period October 1963 to January 1969, to the steamship operators to the foreign ernment specifically searched out such the contractor recorded savings to the gov­ people for so responsible a post. ernmenit of $314,208 on a $22,588,979 opera­ freight forwarders. His efforts to use his Another thing, people at the post office tional systems development contract for Red­ office and his knowledge to aid the Amer­ seemed friendlier and more obliging than eye and a saving of $593,452 on a $21.9 ican merchant marine brought him you'd believe possible in a tiresome, demand­ million engineering services contract for the plaudits from many segments of the in­ ing job. It has always been my feeling that same sys1tem. dustry; and his forceful and dynamic they take a personal interest in your pack­ Others recording cost underruns include: personality won for him the respect of ages and if you say, "That's sunsuits for Tib Hughes Aircraft Company, Communications many foreign maritime officials and or­ and it's terribly hot in Shreveport in July," Division, Fullerton, Calif., with a savings of ganizations. the man at parcel post would say, "Oh, I $118,512 on a $10,151,024 limited production know! Don't worry, we'll see that she has contract for Satellite Communications Link Admiral Harllee is a man of many them by Tuesday at the latest!" And the next Terminal AN / MSC-46 running from February talents. I am grateful that he used them time you went in he would say, "Did Tib 1966 to March 1968. so well to serve his Nation and the mari­ like her sunsuits, did they fit?" Raytheon Company, Missile Systems Divi­ time industry, and I wish him success in Alas, the post office is letting me down. I sion, Bedford, Mass., with an underrun of all of his future endeavors. September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26231 FACED NEW CHALLENGES Washington is such a vast collection of REPRESENTATIVES ARE HUMAN shrines, tourist attractions, and novelties to a country boy like me that I've been kept HON. W. S. (BILL) STUCKEY pretty busy. I've visited the Lincoln Me­ HON. W. S. (BILL) STUCKEY OF GEORGIA morial, the Washington Monument, and the OF GEORGIA Jefferson Memorial; and I also plan to visit IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the White House before leaving. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, September 18, 1969 In addition, I've been through most of the Thursday, September 18, 1969 Smithsonian Institute. I say most of the Mr. STUCKEY. Mr. Speaker, Laurence Institute because no matter how much time Mr. STUCKEY. Mr. Speaker, Karen Virgil Day was born and reared i."1 Doug­ one spends there-he •1ever sees it all. The Luke is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. las, Ga., where he makes his home. He many floors crowded with thousands of vari- 0. L. Luke, Jr., of Ocilla, Ga. She grad­ attended the Douglas Elementary and . ous and unique exhibits were truly astound­ uated as star student and valedictorian Junior High, the Coffee County High ing and fascinating. of her class from Irwin County High School, and South Georgia College. Also, The time I have s,pent in Washington, D.C., School in 1964. bas indeed been a happy period in my life This fall Karen will be a junior at Val­ he has been accepted at Valdosta State and I have cultivated many lasting friend­ College for the fall quarter of 1969. · ships and memocies. I believe the time has dosta State College, where she has been In high school he was president, vice been well-spent, and I regret only that my active for the past 2 years in the band president, and community projects chair­ time in the nation's capital is coming to an and debate programs, Sigma Alpha Chi, man of the Hi-Y, a Boy Scout, secretary end. At any :mte, I will always remember what and Alpha Delta Pi. At Honors Day last of the Explorer Scouts, vice president of a wonderful time I have had. spring, she received an award for the the French Club, and a member of the most outstanding junior college speech Beta Club. In college he was libra1ian student. When school opens for Orienta­ and manager of the SGC Touring Choir, GEN. WILLIAM H. DRAPER, JR. tion Week, Karen will be quite busy work­ vice president of the Phi Theta Kappa, ing as secretary of the student govern­ and president of the Methodist Youth HON. GEORGE BUSH ment association and as a resident assist­ Fellowship. OF TEXAS ant in the new residence hall program. Also, while in high school, Laurence In addition, she is helping charter a new was a participant in the 1966 Governor's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES women's honor society on campus that Honors Program, the 1967 STAR Student Thursday, September 18, 1969 will complement Black Key. for Coffee County, and an honor grad­ Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, I wish to pay Karen's main interest is working with uate. And, in college he received the tribute to a great American, William H. other people, and she hopes to see more Highest Scholastic Average Award at Draper, Jr., major general, U.S. Army, students become actively involved in SGC both his freshman and sophomore retired. campus life at VSC. years and as a president's scholar his Last week on September 10, General I include an article Karen wrote while freshman year. Draper celebrated his 75th birthday. working as a student intern in my office I include an article Laurence wrote Holding to a promise he made to his this summer. while working as a student intern in my wife, General Draper retired as national REPRESENTATIVES ARE HUMAN office this summer: chairman of the Population Crisis Com,. (By Karen Luke) FACED NEW CHALLENGES mittee, a responsibility that he has had In June I was one of the 750 interns who Earlier this year I applied for what I felt since establishing the PCC 5 years ago. flooded offices, galleries, and cafeterias in the would be a singular experience in the study As chairman of the Republican Re­ House of Representatives on Capitol Hill. of human affairs and national government. While participating in the Bi-Partisan Sem­ This experience would consist of five weeks search Task Force on Earth Resources inar Program, I saw many students question in Washington, D.C., working with the staff and Population, I am very much aware the political setup and become disillusioned of Congressman W. S. (Bill) Stuckey, Jr. I of the significant leadership that General in what they found. Therefore, these interns sent in my application and waited, and to­ Draper has executed throughout the felt justified in criticizing and condemning wards the end of May I received word tliat world in assisting governments in their those who continued to work in the political I had been accepted. efforts to solve the awesome problems of establishment. On the other hand, I watched There followed several weeks of high an­ rapid population growth. No other per­ young people become so fascinated and in­ ticipation and carefully planned prepara­ volved in the legislative aspects of getting a tions. This was to be the second time I had son in the past 5 years has shown more bill through Congress, in the prospects of been away from home for an extended period, initiative in creating the awareness of running a political campaign, and in work and I realized that this upcoming trip would the world's leaders in recognizing the designed to meet the needs of the people in be a veritable field test of my abilities with economic consequences of our population their districts, that they found adequate respect to meeting new people, job require­ explosion. answers for many of the.ir original indict­ ments, and personal situations in general. The general has had a very meaningful ments against Congress. Since my arrival I have definitely had all life. He was an infantry regiment com­ I came to W. S. (Bill) Stuckey, Jr.'s office of my expectations fulfilled or exceeded. This with two very distinct, but completely dif­ job has certainly caused me to be thrown mander in the Pacific theater during ferent ideas about government. I expected into situations completely unlike anything World War II. He was economic adviser either to see the theoretical organization I I have previously known; and, although I to Gen. Lucius Clay during the rehabili­ had studied in numerous government classes, may not have successfully met every one tation of West Germany. From 1947 to or to discover just how dirty politics really of these challenges, I have at least been 1949, General Draper was Under Secre­ were. I found neither the ideal, nor the cor­ exposed to them. I have had the privilege of tary of the Army, and in 1952 was ap­ rupt system I had anticipated. Working as working with a highly efficient and knowl­ pointed by President Truman as U.S. an intern with Congressman Stuckey, I real­ edgeable staff whose primary concern is the ized for the first time that Representatives coordination and utilization of their Con­ representative in Europe with ambas­ were human beings who could make mistakes gressman's programs. Above all, I have been sadorial rank to coordinate the mutual just as I could. I saw how much a Congress­ able to watch Congressman Stuckey in action security program for Europe and to rep­ man had to learn the art of compromise, for and to learn from him many facts of a prac­ resent the United States in the North At­ he had to represent his constituency, con­ tical nature concerning the . everyday run­ lantic Treaty Council. sider party policy, and maintain his own per­ ning of our national government. In November of 1958, President Eisen­ sonal convictions when making decisions. Also, I have been a participant in the House hower appointed General Draper Chair­ I never could have imagined the wide va­ Intern Program; and as a member of this . riety of matters that came into our office each organization I have been able to attend many man of the President's Committee To day-routine military, social security, and lectures and receptions here in the Washing­ Study the U.S. Military Assistance Pro­ veterans' administration cases; legislative ton area. For example, in one week I heard gram. In October 1962, President Ken­ research and analyses; issues concerning the Clifford Case, W. Averill Harriman, and Dan­ nedy appointed the general head of an Eighth District; and special requests for in­ iel Moynihan speak at separate sessions. Also, interdepartmental survey team to study formation on numerous topics. During the I visited along with the other House Interns and report on the situation in Brazil. first few weeks of work, I was overwhelmed the Chinese Embassy for a reception, and met Fortunately, we will be hearing more by the complexity of putting the theory be­ Ambassador and Mrs. Chow. These have cer­ hind representative government into practice. tainly been both entertaining and informa­ from Bill Draper as he is now the hon­ Soon I began to understand how much each tive, and I've gotten a good bit out of them. orary chairman of the Population Crisis Member had to depend on a qualified and And of course, since Washington, D.C., is a Committee, and will continue to be avail­ conscientious staff. Questions had to be an­ city of great historical significance, I have able for consultation on world affairs for swered, such as whom to call for information had every opportunity to play the tourist. which he is so well qualified. about the subsidy on lard to the United 26232 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1969 Kingdom: and problems had to be solved, Members and leaders of both parties RAILROAD SAFETY such as how to fix the xerox machine which are aware that the President has sent was destroying the only copy of a speech Congressman Stuckey had to give in thirty much legislation to the Hill 1n recent minutes. The entire staff hoped the office months. They are aware that impartant HON. OGDEN R. REID could survive at least one more summer of legislation, such as the surtax in the OF NEW YORK interns. House and the ABM Safeguard vote 1n IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES What have all these experiences meant to the Senate, have been given bipartisan Thursday, September 18, 1969 me? I know that I will remember people and support. Other legislation of equal im­ places long after I have forgotten dates, de­ portance is now before both Houses. I am Mr. REID of New York. Mr. Speaker, tails, and discussions of this summer. At­ hopeful that this legislation can be recent weeks and months have brought tending concerts on the Capitol steps, watch­ to the attention of all the Members of ing Congress in session, taking a tour of the judged on its merits and on its value to White House, and viewing the city from the all of the Nation and that the members this body the increasing concern of the Washington Monument will always be vivid of both parties can continue to work to­ public over railroad safety and service memories of my internship. Learning con­ gether and with the President to see that standards. sisted of working with Congr·essman Stuckey it is passed. According to the report of the Task and his statl', people from Georgia who sin­ I am distressed that anyone would call Force on Railroad Safety, submitted to cerely listened to my comments and who this a do-nothing administration, just the Secretary of Transportation on June answered my questions with valid arguments. 30, 1969, there were 8,028 train accidents Many times I was discouraged by the fail­ as I would be distressed if, at this time, ure of Congress to act on important legisla­ anybody were to call this a do-nothing recorded in 1968, compared to only 4,148 tion, such as provisions for students to obtain Congress. in 1961. The American public is rightly NDEA loans for school this fall. However, I It is too early for the score to be tallied concerned over the fact that railroad ac­ was also inspired on many occasions by those in either case. cidents almost doubled in that 7-year Members seeking to bring about meaningful period. Congressional reform. Two of the most out­ While Federal regulations will not pre­ standing figures in my mind, after a summer THE JEWISH HIGH HOLIDAYS vent train accidents, the need for addi­ filled with seminars and lectures, are Morris Udall and Shirley Chisholm. There are other tional Federal standards in all areas of Representaitives that are just as concerned HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE railroad safety is apparent. According to as these two, and we must have more. If our OF MASSACHUSE'ITS the report of the task force, at the pres­ ent time "Federal statutes do not cover nation is to survive, our political system must IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES function effectively to meet the needs of a the trucks, wheels, and axles of railroad changing society. If politics are dirty, we Thursday, September 18, 1969 . cars nor their design, construction, or must blame ourselves; for we have not en­ Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I would like maintenance. Bridges and tunnels are couraged reform. We have failed to involve not subject to Federal regulations and no ourselves in issues which affect each one of to take a moment to commemorate the us, and we have continued to elect men on most important time of the year for the Federal authority governs track and the basis of a smile and a handshake, rather Jewish people of this Nation and of the roadbed. There is no general authority to than on the basis of their qualifications. If world. The Jewish high holidays began promulgate standards for employee we love freedom, we must make the political on the evening of September 12 with the qualifications, physical requirements and arena a place for our most inspiring leaders celebration of Rosh Hashana. This was training, nor to prescribe uniform rail­ and outstanding minds. Only with this lead­ the beginning of the New Year-the road operating rules." ership can our political system hope to meet year 5730 on the Hebrew calendar. It is In view of the rising accident rate on the challenges facing our nation. followed 10 days later by Yom Kippur, our Nation's railroads and the need for the highest and most sacred of all holi­ stronger Federal regulations and inspec­ PRESIDENT NIXON'S IS NOT A DO­ days for the Jewish people. tion programs, I am introducing today NOTHING ADMINISTRATION These are memorable occasions the Railroad Safety Act of 1969. This bill, steeped in a wonderful tradition. It is at which would implement the major rec­ this time of the year that the Jewish ommendations of the Task Force on HON. JOHN J. RHODES people celebrate the birthday of the Railroad Safety, would authorize the OF ARIZONA world and the beginning of history. The Secretary of Transportation to promul­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES great span of years over which the high gate safety standards for common car­ holy days have been observed in all riers relating to all areas of railroad Thursday, September 18, 1969 parts of the world and throughout his­ safety. In accordance with the recom­ Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, tory attests to the strength of the Jewish mendations of the task force, existing yesterday, the papers tell us, some of the people's faith. State rail safety statutes and regulations legislators of the other party joined 1n It is during these holidays that the will remain in force until and unless pre­ declaring that this is a do-nothing ad­ Jewish people pray for the preservation empted by Federal regulation. In addi­ ministration. I am saddened and dis­ of life through man's obligation to his tion to being given authority to promul­ tressed to hear this kind of talk at a time fellow man, to his society, and to his gate safety standards, the Secretary of when this Nation faces so many crises overall environment. I think it is all too Transportation is given authority to es­ both abroad and at home. clear that the world needs such prayers tablish an inspection program and a staff This is not the first time that a Re­ during these turbulent times, and even of railroad safety inspectors, to enforce publican President has dealt with a Con­ more, that it needs the basic hope and the regulations established. gress that is dominated by the members optimism which lies at the heart of Th Railroad Safety Act also provides of the other party. However, during the these prayers. for the establishment of a Railroad Safe­ Eisenhower administration, the most re­ On Yorn Kippur, the Day of Atone­ ty Advisory Commission of 15 members, cent example, the congressional leaders ment, the individual asks God for his including representatives of railroad of the other party, Speaker Sam Ray­ forgiveness for all the sins that he may labor and management, to advise the burn and Majority Leader Lyndon John­ have committed during the year. He Secretary of Transportation in his prep­ son, made it very plain that the interests does this through prayer and through aration of railroad safety regulations. of the Nation came before any partisan fasting, and in this way perpetuates The Secretary of Transportation is given considerations. Time after time, they lent another wonderful tradition-the tradi­ power to issue a cease-and-desist order their prestige and their support to the tion of repentence. It was the Jewish calling for the immediate termination of President of all the people in passing people who first developed the concept any violation of the regulations promul­ legislation that was of importance to the that man could repent, rather than be gated under the act. country. I cannot recall that they ever punished, for his sins. This concept has The Department of Trasportation is accused that President of failing to meet indeed had a profound effect upon re­ now drafting legislation, with the co­ his obligations in dealing with the Con­ ligious thinking. operation of the Task Force on Railroad gress. I join the great Jewish people during SafetY, to implement the task force's rec­ It is my fervent hope, and I know it is these high holidays in their commitment ommendations. I will cosponsor that leg­ that of President Nixon, that this kind of to these noble ideals and in their prayers islation when it is ready for introduction, mutual working together for the good of for peace and brotherhood throughout and I hope that the features of these bills the Nation can continue. the world. - will be given careful consideration by September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26233 the Commerce · Committees in both OIL DEPLETION CONTROVERSY tainly there must be profits or the industry would erode and fail. Houses. The 21 large companies, according to a re­ I am hopeful that significant railroad cent survey by Price Waterhouse and Co., safety legislation-whether this or a HON. GEORGE BUSH OF TEXAS paid a direct tax bill of $9.5 billion in 1967. similar bill-will receive consideration . This equalled 64.2 per cent of these corpora­ by the Interstate and Foreign Commerce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions' net profits before income taxes. Committee and by the full House during Thursday, September 18, 1969 The total tax load of the petroleum in­ this session of the Congress. dustry has been put at 5.43 per cent of gross My colleageus are doubtless familiar Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, depletion, revenues; all other corporations were taxed that much misunderstood provision in 4.62 per cent of gross revenues. with the Interstate Commerce Commis­ the tax law, is back in the news. Oil does not appear rolling up vast profits sion's ruling in the Sunset Limited Ade­ Here, Mr. Speaker, is a well reasoned and seeking unfair tax loopholes through quacies case, dealing with trains oper­ the depletion route. Actually return on oil's ated by the Southern Pacific, that the editorial which should carry a lot of weight. It does not come from an oil­ net assets was a bit less than on manufac- Commission has no authority to rule on turing companies generally. . the adequacy of rail passenger service. producing State. High living standards in the United States The St. Louis Globe-Democrat has cap­ mean we consume the most energy of any In response to the Commission's request tured and spelled out the real reason for that it be given such authority, I cospon­ other country, and correspondingly need a sane policy on the depletion allowance more reserves. Otherwise the future will find sored yesterday with the gentleman from in our tax laws. us power-crippled. It should also be remem­ Washington Ramsey Clark, his succes­ sufficient grounds for a front finding by the when you inquire about it?" sor who served as attorney general until 1969, SACB. Mahan: "Nothing." probably did more than any other attorney In addition to sending no new front cases Mahan also revealed that Clark had told general to injure the SACB's image. He ac­ to the board, Clark prevented it from pro­ him some two months earlier that about 600 complished this by the simple device of re­ ceeding with the DuBois Club hearings. cases had been reviewed for possible referral fusing to send cases to it and thus forcing to the SACB, but that Clark did not indicate idleness on it as criticism of the board grew On Jan. 22, 1968, the Supreme Court re­ what he would do with them, saying there and reached its peak. jected the DuBois Clubs' suit to block SACB was a problem, relating to electronic surveil­ hearings. The board promptly ordered that lance. Clark's attitude toward the board and the hearings begin on Feb. 5, 1968. The Clubs Subversive Activities Control Act was illus­ Mahan told the Senate Committee: moved for a delay until February 27. Clark "I feel we can try these cases without trated by legislative developments in 1967. did not oppose this, so the board could not Then-HCUA Chairman Willis, with the sup­ that danger. If we can't, we should have a proceed. test case.... " port Of 51 other members of the House, had Then Clark asked that the hearings be introduced a bill to strengthen both the act The 1967 Willis bill opened the door wide further delayed until March 27, alleging, two for the submission of petitions concerning and the SACB. Willis twice wrote to Clark re­ years after the petition had been fl.led, that questing his views on the bill and also a-sking indvidual party members as well as fronts. he was not ready to proceed. The DuBois By doing away with self-registration and him to testify in the hearings on it or send Clubs, of course, gladly went along with this another representative from the Department providing that the SACB would merely keep request, so the board was again stymied. a roster of the groups and individuals about of Justice to do so. Finally, on March 19, just a few days be­ Clark, despite the two requests, never sent which it had made findings, it eliminated all fore SACB thought it would be able to begin problems crea.ted by court 5th Amendment Willis an opinion on the bill and declined to hearings, Clark moved that they be post­ decisions. poned indefinitely-until the Supreme Court Despite this, in addition to submitting no s Despite this record, Atty. Gen. Kennedy decided a pending case concerning electronic front or infiltrated cases to the SACB and became a critic of the act and the SACB as a surveillance. Clark said he was concerned blocking it from proceeding with the Du­ senator. During the 1967 Senate debate on that the court's decision in this case might Bois Clubs case, Clark, during his first 15 a bill introduced by Sen. Everett Dirksen to mean that government evidence against the months in office-the peak period of criti­ strengthen the board, Sen. Kennedy attacked cism of the board because it was doing the board as "this moribund agency" and : The House passed Willis' bill and the Sen­ nothing--did not submit a single member­ spoke of "the irrelevance of the SACB to the ate Dirksen's. Following a conference, a com­ ship case to it. fight against communism." He also stated of promise measure embodying practically all of Eventually, on July l, 1968, he submitted the act: "This law has not helped us to ad­ the provisions of the Willis bill, was passed seven individual membership cases. It was vance in the last 17 years in connection with by both houses. I t became law when signed known in White House and Justice Depart­ subversive activities." by President Johnson on Jan. 2, 1968. ment circles, however, that Clark did this September 18, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26241 only under extreme pressure-to prevent a sent five individual membership cases to the cialist Worker party (SWP), was relatively public attack by another Johnson Admin­ SACB. In doing so, he set a minor record. No insignificant. istration official for his failure to enforce other attorney general has sent cases to For this reason the Congress justifiably the law, as was his duty, by submitting cases the board so soon after taking office. drafted the law so that it applied only to to the board. After only seven months of the new Ad­ Moscow-connected Communist organiza­ The performance of Atty. Gen. Clark and ministration it is much too early to pass tions. Conditions have changed radically of all attorneys general in administering the judgment on Mitchell's performance. It since 1950, however. As a result of the Mos­ Subversive Control Act should be assessed in should be pointed out, however, that there cow-Peking split, the rise of Castro and light of the following facts: is some disappointment on Capitol Hill and other developments, a variety of new Com­ The law, as passed by Congress in 1950, among board members that he has not sub­ munist groups has been formed and the SWP states that whenever the attorney general mitted more petitions to the board. has increased its activity and membership. "shall have reason to believe" that a group Five membership cases have not meant All the new Communist groups, like the is a Communist-action, Communist-front much work for the SACB, it has been any­ SWP, are much smaller than the CP, "left" or infiltrated organization and it is not reg­ thing but rushed during the past seven of it, and independent of the Soviet Union. istered "he shall file with the board a . . . months and by the end of this month, it will All, in certain respects, are also enemies of petition" to bring about its registration. The again be in the position of having nothing the Communist party and of one another. statute does not give the attorney general to do. Despite their differences with Moscow and the freedom to determine whether he desires Despite this situation it is believed that with each other, however, they all share the to file petitions. It places a clear-cut obliga­ the SACB has much better days ahead. This same goal: destroying the present govern­ tion on him to file them. belief is based on the following facts: ment and imposing communism on the The Congress found in the amendments to Atty. Gen. Mitchell's orientation is much United States. They therefore consistently the act which became law in 1968 that "Dis­ different than that of Katzenbach and Clark. cooperate with one another in the very type closure of Communist organizations and of He has never been regarded as one who of subversive activity the SACB was desig­ the members of Communist-action organiza­ would be lax in enforcing laws having to do nated to curb. Alone, none of these groups tions as provided in this act is essential to with domestic subversion. poses a serious danger to the national secur­ the protection of the national welfare." President Nixon has demonstrated a much ity, but working with the CP and with one It should be emphasized that Clark and greater interest in domestic communism than another as they do, they have greatly in­ Katzenbach are not the only ones respon­ any other recent President. creased the Communist internal security sible for the unjust criticism the SACB has In addition to being one of the two origina­ threat. received in the last few years, even though tors of the Subversive Activities Control Act, The increased danger these new communist they are guilty of creating the conditions the President has shown continuing belief in groups pose to the country is compounded that have provoked so many attacks on the its usefulness. by the rise of the so-called "New Left" and board. In his 1962 book, Six Crises, the President the black militant groups-Students for a. The Subversive Activities Control Act is took issue with those who were claiming that Democratic Society (SDS), Student Non­ a rather lengthy and complicated law. The communism was not an internal problem violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) average citizen is not familiar with all its and specifically with Atty. Gen. Robert (now called the Student National Coordi­ provisions and ramifications. He naturally Kennedy, who had stated on March 24 of that nating Committee), Southern Student Or­ looks to the Congress and the news media year that the Communist party represented ganizing Committee (SSOC), Revolutionary for accurate information about it and the "no danger in the United States." Nixon, re­ Action Movement (RAM), the Black Pan­ board, believing he will get the truth ac­ butting Kennedy, wrote that to ignore 10,000 thers and Republic of New Africa (RNA), to curately and objectively stated. U.S. Communists would be as "foolhardy" as name a few of those that are better known. Far too often this has not been the case:. to underestimate the Communist guerrillas Not one of these groups is free of Com­ Time after time certain editors, columnists, munist taint and influence. All have co­ in South Viet Nam "because they are only a operated with domestic Communist organi­ reporters, commentators-and some sena­ few thousand." tors and congressmen-have made highly zations and/ or have ties with foreign Com­ The President then proceeded to outline an munist powers, organizations and individu­ misleading statements about the board, eight-point "minimum program" for deal­ creating the fa.lse impression that it is made als. Yet none is a front or infiltrated or­ ing with communism in this country. The ganization as defined in the act and an are up of bureaucratic timeservers who have fourth point read: been doing little because they are lazy, un­ thus immune from SACB proceedings and all "Vigorous and strict enforcement of the other provisions of the act. concerned and interested only in a nice soft Subversive Activities Control Act . . . so job at the taxpayers' expense. The Subversive Activities Control Act, in that they [all Communists] may be labeled the light of these new developments, is not This is a far cry from the truth. The properly for what they are." board members are as dedicated as any gov­ fully effective as an internal security law. It ernment officials. To say that they are also In passing the Willis bill by a large vote, should be amended to give the SACB author­ frustrated, bitter and disillusioned because the Congress clearly indicated its intent that ity to hold hearings and issue reports on all of the situation they have found themselves the Subversive Activities Control Act be en­ organizations with Communist ties whose in through no fault of their own is to state forced and the SACB be given the chance combined activities threaten the internal the case mildly. It has been particularly to operate effectively. security of th~ country. galling to them because they have been There is no question but that there is FBI Directoi Hoover has described these fully cognizant of why, they have been idle much work for the SACB to do today. Com­ new Communist, "New Left" and black mili­ and under constant attack-even if the com­ munist party strength has increased con­ tant groups as "clearly subversive forces." munications media have not been telling siderably in the last few years. Its member­ In April of this year he also made a state­ the public the real story. ship is now up to about 14,000; party leaders ment to the House Appropriations Committee A recent incident illustrates one aspect of boast of the support of an additional 100,000 which indicated that, if the law were amend­ media responsibility for widespread citizen "state-of-mind" members; and an undis­ ed to include these organizations, the De­ misunderstanding of the facts about the closed but presumably significant number of partment of Justice would be in a position board. On July 1, the day after Otto Otepka party agents are working in approximately to proceed against them before the SACB. was sworn in as a member of the SACB by 100 different organizations. He told the committee. Chairman John Mahan, the board held a Given these statistics, the President's at­ ". . . in spite of the fact that we have been hearing on one of the individual membership titude and the strengthening of the law and confronted with a growing number of indi­ cases pending before it. Admittedly, SACB the board by the Willis amendments, it be­ viduals, organizations, and problems in the hearings, particularly membership cases, are comes clear that with efficient FBI opera­ security field . . . we have been able to fol­ not among the most exciting events in tion, Atty. Gen. Mitchell should be able to low closely and report on their diverse activi­ Washington. Despite this, in view of the ex­ submit enough front, infiltrated and indi­ ties and thus keep the appropriate authorities tensive and largely unfavorable publicity the vidual membership cases to the board to keep advised. media had given the board during the Otepka it continuously occupied. "Through informants we have been able to confirmation hearings, one would assume penetrate the organizations at high levels, CHALLENGE-AND OPPORTUNITY-FOR NIXON both locally and nationally." that at least one major newspaper or wire Though there is much for the SACB to do service would be interested in attending, if Since the SACB was created in 1950, no under the Subversive Activities Control Act Administration has requested the Congress only to report that the SACB had held a as it is now written, the Nixon Administra­ hearing. to enact legislation that would improve its tion has a very real opportunity to greatly effectiveness. Now would be an ideal time for But there were only two "news" men in improve the effectiveness of the law and to the board hearing room-one represented the President Nixon, who played a major role in facilitate the attorney general's submitting creating the board, to take this step-by Communist party's official newspaper, The important new cases to the board. having his attorney general draft a bill for Daily World, the other an underground Washington newspaper. The board had held When the law was passed in 1950, the world him to send to Congress that would bring a hearing, but the only persons who learned Communist movement was unified under all domestic groups contributing to the Com­ of it were the readers of the weirdo and Moscow's leadership. The Communist Party, munist threat within the scope of the board's U.S.A., controlled by the Kremlin, was the authority. Communist press. only Communist organization in the country In the interest of national security, all THE NEW ATTORNEY GENERAL that posed a significant internal security Americans have a need-and a right-to On March 12, 1969, less than two months threat. Its major competitor in subversion, know the true nature, allegiance and aims of after taking office, Atty. Gen. John Mitchell the independent-of-Moscow, Trotskyist So- the Communist party and the groups it con- 26242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 19, 1969 trols and their activities. They also have a Despite the "free speech" reputation of-these pionage, business activities, formation of need and a right, however, to know the same men, only Justice Black also held that the cells for subversion, as well as the exercise about all other groups with Communist as­ act violated the 1st Amendment. of the 1st Amendment rights, are then used sociations that are fomenting campus and The following are excerpts from the ma­ to pry open our society and make intrusion urban rioting, the killing of police, the de­ jority and minority opinions on the 1st of a foreign power easy. These machinations struction of draft centers and other defense­ Amendment issue: of a foreign power add additional elements related facilities by tire-bombings and ex­ Justice Frankfurter: "Where the mask of to free speech just as marching up and down plosives, the sabotage of U.S. policy and de­ anonymity which an organization's members adds something to picketing that goes be­ fense efforts in Viet Nam and other crucial wear serves the double purpose of protecting yond free speech. areas, and which are working in various other them from popular prejudice and of en­ "These are the reasons why, in my view, ways to bring down the elected government abling them to cover over a foreign-directed the bare requirements that the Communist of the United States. conspiracy, infiltrate into other groups, and party register and disclose the names of its enlist the support of persons who would not, officers and directors is in line With the most COURT UPHOLDS BOARD ON FREE SPEECH ISSUE if the truth were revealed, lend their sup­ exacting adjudications touching 1st Amend­ On June 5, 1961, in a 5-to-4 decision [Com­ port, it would be a distortion of the 1st ment activities." munist Party vs. Subversive Activies Control Amendment to hold that it prohibits Con­ Board (367 U.S. 1) ] the Supreme Court up­ gress from removing the mask." DISCLOSURE PRINCIPLE-THE PRESIDENT'S held the constitutionality of the registration Justice Douglas, for the minority (except­ COMMITTEE ON CIVIL RIGHTS, 1947 REPORT provisions of the Subversive Activities Con­ ing Justice Black) : "If lobbyists can be The principle of disclosure is, we believe, trol Act as applied to the Communist party. required to register, if political parties can the appropriate way to deal with those who Justice Frankfurter, writing for the be required to make disclosure of the sources would subvert our democracy by revolution majority-himself and Justices Clark, Har­ of their funds, if the owners of newspapers or by encouraging disunity and destroying lan, Whittaker and Stewart-rejected the ·and periodicals must disclose their affili­ the civil rights of some groups . ..• Communist party's claim that the act vio­ ates, so may a group operating under the The ultimate responsibility for countering lated the 1st Amendment and the Bill of control of a foreign power. 'totalitarians of all kinds rests, as always, With Attainder provision of the Constitution and "The Bill of Rights was designed to give the mass of good, democratic Americans, held that the 5th Amendment was not rele­ fullest play to the exchange and dissemina­ their organizations and their leaders. The vant to the facts of the case as they then tion of ideas that touch the politics, culture federal government •.• ought to provide stood. •and other aspects of our life. When an orga­ a source of reference where private citizens The dissenting Justices-Warren, Black, nization is used by a foreign power to make and groups may find aoourate information Douglas and Brennan-wrote separate advances here, questions of security are about the activities, sponsorship and back­ 'opinions, each claiming the act was un­ raised beyond the ken of disputation and •ground of those who are active in the constitutional on 5th Amendment grounds. 'debate between the people resident here. Es- market place of public opinion.

SENATE-Friday, September 19, 1969 The Senate met at 10 o'clock a.m. and nominations, which were referred to the out the purposes of this Act shall be was called to order by the Acting Presi­ appropriate committees. used to carry out the Volunteers to Amer­ dent pro tempore