The Roman Republic By Jack Burke, Luke Heffernan, and Brooke Koppang The founding of Rome (753 B.C.E) (The Etruscans)

• The Etruscan civilization was one of the first known civilizations in Europe.

• The Etruscan civilization made a huge contribution to the history of Europe and the development of Rome.

• The Roman civilization was influenced by, and borrowed some of the Etruscan ideas.

• Etruscan influence can be seen everywhere in Rome's religion, culture, urban planning.

• The Etruscans invaded and captured Rome in 6th century B.C.E.

• The early Latin speaking people of Rome were against the Etruscan rule and eventually were able to reclaim Rome. The Founding of Rome (753 B.C.E) (The Etruscans)

• The image to the right shows an example of Etruscan architecture. The founding of Rome (753 B.C.E) (Military Organization)

• Roman leader started out wanting to focus only on strong borders, later turning into conquest and destruction of nearby cities.

• Having thrown off the Etruscans in 509 BCE., Rome emerged as an independent Latin community that quickly became known for its disciplined army and militaristic intentions. The founding of Rome (753 B.C.E) (Elected Officials)

• The citizens of Rome voted for two consuls.

• After they served their year they were replaced, and could not serve again for another ten years. • Only Patricians, or wealthy Roman citizens, could vote for who they wanted to be a consul. • Tribunes were also elected in Rome. • A tribune's job was to make sure the people were being treated fairly.

• The third group was the Senate. • Senators went to the Senate to discuss important government issues. • When Rome had an Emperor the senate still gave advice on governing Rome and the Empire. The founding of Rome (753 B.C.E) (System of Checks and Balances)

• Ancient Romans feared that certain political leaders would become too powerful.

• To ease this fear, they put in a system of checks and balances.

• Examples of their checks and balances include:

• Consuls could only serve one year

• Certain Government officials were able to restrict the powers of other officials

• Very similar to the U.S. government, when a law was created it had to be approved by the senate and assembly, to pass. b) Conquest of Italy 396-264BCE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m000Ahd5hk0 By: Jack Burke c) Punic Wars

• Series of three wars fought batween Rome and Carthage ▪ Lasted between 264BCE and 146BCE ▪ Some of the largest wars that had ever taken place Rivalry of Carthage  The rivalry of Carthage was both territorial and commertial.  It started because Rome interfered in a dispute on the Carthaginian- controlled island of Sicily.  Carthage, then, prevented trade with Rome in Western Meditteranian Sea. First Punic War 264-241BCE

 Roman conquest of Sicily Roman conquest of Sicily  This was the first providence accquired by the Roman Republic.  The First Punic War was fought to establish control over the strategic islands of Corsica and Sicily.  In 260BCE a Roman naval fleet failed to take control of Sicily, however, this opened a way to Corsica.  The battle of Sicily was stalemated until 241BCE until a Roman fleet of 200 ships seccured its victory over the Carthageians Who Was Hannibal?

 During the second Punic war, the Carthageians were led by Hannibal, one of the most gifted commanders in history.  He was best known for his use of elephants in millitary actions.  His father was a commander for Carthage during the first punic war. Second Punic War 219-241BCE  Rome against hannibal & his army of Carthageians.  The first punic war was mainly in Sicily, however, the second Punic war had confrontations in Spain, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and North Second Africa.  Mainly caused because of the Punic War Romans expanding into Carthage land area. Second Punic War (Cont...)

 The main outcome of the second Punic war was the ending of the Carthage Empire in the western Medditeranian Sea.  In addition to the loss of their land, they also had to give up its fleet and pay a large amount to Rome in silver. Third Punic War 247-183BCE

▪ It started when Carthage broke its treaty by going to war with a neighboring state of Numidia. ▪ Romans sent troops to Northern Africa to get ivnvolved. ▪ After seven days Carthage surrendered. ▪ Carthage was destroyed by the Romans. ▪ 50,000 people from the Carthage Empire were slod into slaverey. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUoVmAo9FH8 Roman Expantion In Europe and Near East

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GylVIyK6voU Excerpt from "The Histories", Volume XXXVI- “6 1 After the hostages had been brought to Rome the Roman commander landed at the Cape of Utica. 2 Upon this news reaching Carthage the whole city was in great excitement and terror, owing to the uncertainty that prevailed as to what they were to expect. 3 They decided, however, to Primary Source-The Histories send envoys to the consuls to ask them what they must do and inform them that all were Volume XXXVI by Polybius disposed to obey any command. 4 Upon • Polybius was a Greek Historian their arrival at the Roman camp a council was called and the envoys spoke according • He wrote of Roman History to their instructions. 5 The elder of the two consuls, after commending their decision • This excerpt was written between 149- and their compliant temper, ordered them 146 BCE to surrender all their arms and missiles • The excerpt at right talks about the Third without fraud or deceit. 6 The envoys said Punic War and the Roman capture of they would comply with the order, but Carthaginian hostages begged the Romans to consider what would happen to them if they gave up all their • 40 volumes of "The Histories" arms and the Romans took them and sailed • Only the first five volumes have not away with them. Nevertheless they gave been completely destroyed or lost them up.” Sources • “Rome and Italy.” Greek Tragedy , brfencing.org/Rome/Rome_and_Italy.html. • Walbank, Frank W. “Polybius.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 16 Dec. 2016, www.britannica.com/biography/Polybius. • “1. The Roman Republic - The Roman Republic's Rise and Fall (509 - 31 BCE).” Coursera, Rice University, www.coursera.org/lecture/roman-art- archaeology/1-the-roman-republic-1c13E. • “How Did the Etruscans Shape Roman History and Society?” How Did Public Sanitation Develop? - DailyHistory.org, dailyhistory.org/How_did_the_Etruscans_shape_Roman_history_and_society? • EmpireRome.com. “The Checks and Balances of Ancient Roman Government.” Ancient Roman Banner, www.empirerome.com/government/checks-and-balances-of-ancient-roman- government/. • “The Romans - Roman Government.” History, 11 May 2017, www.historyonthenet.com/the-romans-roman-government. • “ p355 Fragments of Book XXXVI.” Arch of Augustus, penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius/36*.html. • Wee, Rolando Y. “The Roman Republic: 509 BCE to 27 BCE.” World Atlas - Maps, Geography, Travel, WorldAtlas, 18 Mar. 2016, www.worldatlas.com/articles/the- roman-republic-509-bce-to-27-bce.html.