Volume 18 Winter 2016

The Stele of Poggio Colla New Directors of the a New Document of the Villa Giulia and Museo Etruscan Language THE ETRUSCANS - MASTERS OF WRITING Archeologico Firenze by P. Gregory Warden EXHIBITIONS AT LATTES AND CORTONA by Larissa Bonfante

The summer of 2015 saw the con- The Italian culture minister, Dario clusion of 21 years of active excavation Franceschini, recently announced the at Poggio Colla. During the last few appointment of a number of new direc- days of excavation, however, a most tors of major Italian museums. Among surprising discovery took place: a curi- these are the two new directors of the ously shaped stone, incorporated into a principal Etruscan Museums at the fron- newly uncovered segment of Phase I tiers of ancient Etruria, the Museo temple’s wall foundation. As we better Nazionale di Villa Giulia in Rome and defined the shape of the stone, a crew the Museo Archeologico in Florence, member digging on the other side of the Maria Paola Guidobaldi and Mario wall noticed the first hint of an inscrip- Iozzo. Both directors have a vast experi- tion, and we finally recognized it for ence and have been involved in innova- what it was: a stele. We thus know that tive, collaborative programs, often Ivory tessera hospitalis from Sant’Omobono (Capitoline Museum Rome). Top, line of inscription from the Cippus Perusinus (M.A.N.U.) Exhibit before the public a panorama of the dif- Ecriture Etrusque ferent functions of writing among the Musée Henri Prades, Lattara Etruscans. Oct. 17, 2015 - Feb. 29, 2016 In order to present the manner in MAEC Cortona which the Etruscans learned, used, but Mar. 19 - July 31, 2016 also ultimately abandoned their writing, we must retrace the history of the by Paolo Bruschetti, Françoise Etruscan civilization, which was one of Gaultier, Paolo Giulierini, Laurent the most literate of the ancient Positioning the stele for removal. Haumesser, and Lionel Pernet Mediterranean. During the seven cen- Maria Paola Guidobaldi turies in which it was used, there was Thirty years ago in Perugia, the scarcely a sphere of Etruscan life in exhibit Scrivere Etrusco presented to the which writing did not play a role. One public the principal epigraphical docu- notes in particular the importance that ments of the Etruscan civilization: the inscriptions held in the formalization of Zagreb mummy, the Capua tile, and the exchanges among aristocrats since the Perugia cippus. The discoveries, which introduction of the alphabet about 700 have multiplied since then, and the con- BC. The richness of the information stant progress of our understanding of that the inscriptions bring us about the the texts have incited us to return to the social organization of ancient Etruria is theme of Etruscan writing, and to set considerable, continued on page 15 The stele being photographed. Mario Iozzo this monument predates even the first working with American institutions. temple complex. After days of careful Mario Iozzo, director of the excavation and exploration we con- Archaeological Museum of Chiusi from firmed the presence of numerous char- 1989 to 2008, followed a long line of acters inscribed along the edges of the distinguished directors of this remark- stone. able museum, which included Doro On the very last day of work at Levi, director of the Italian School at Poggio Colla and under the gaze of Athens, and Clelia Laviosa, author of many visiting Etruscan scholars, a pro- the pioneering book on Hellenistic urns fessional crew continued on page 16 typical of Chiusi, continued on page 4 LETTERS TO THE EDITORS Dear Editors: Dear Editors: For the past few weeks I have been I had the most wonderful time in poring over your Etruscan News. It is Florence and my almost three weeks fascinating; I never realized that so could be described as simply walking many were involved in researching that around with “curious abandonment.” ancient culture. I am learning so much The weather was absolutely wonderful just from reading your institute’s and I did of course get into museums, newsletter. Thanks for passing on to me especially the newly opened Museo the Winter 2015 copy. dell’Opera del Duomo, which I very I was particularly struck by the short much like. There is enough space to piece (with photograph) of the Athena appreciate the paintings and sculpture. Parthenos sculpture and museum in Sometimes I find the interactive film Nashville, Tennessee. Larissa and video and so forth quite annoying, Bonfante’s lecture there was another but I think, in this case, it is most taste- surprise for me; I’d never heard of the ful. Nashville Parthenon! I am sure you know about this coming As a young boy, I was swept up in language exhibit, but I do enclose the the bedtime stories from Greek and brochure. Roman mythology as told to my younger brother and me by our father. I (ED: The exhibit is Ecriture Etrusque, came to really admire the Greek god- which is featured on the front page of dess Gaea, Mother Earth, and her capac- this issue.) ity for re-birth as young and fresh as Nancy de Grummond with students at the FSU exhibition Barb Martini Johnson ever. (It was the Greeks’ way of vener- “Printing Ancient Pottery in 3-D: Etruscan Ceramics from Cetamura.” St. Paul, MN ating the earth’s renewal every spring.) That probably is when my concern for ETRUSCAN NEWS the environment was first conceived. I Editorial Board, Issue #18, January 2016 find it intriguing to discover that there was a Greek connection to Italy before the Roman era by way of the Editor-in-Chief Jane Whitehead [email protected] Phoenicians and their impact on the Modern and Classical Languages Etruscan civilization. Valdosta State University So, thanks for the newsletter. It is Valdosta, GA 31698 affording me many enjoyable hours of reading and learning. President of the U.S. Larissa Bonfante [email protected] Gaia rising up from the earth in Section of the Istituto Classics Department Warmest regards, di Studi Etruschi ed New York University Mario D. Bartoletti, EdD support of her Giant sons, detail from a red-figure vase of the Italici, ex officio 100 Washington Square East Valdosta, GA Silver Building, Room 503 Gigantomachia. (Naples 81521). New York, NY 10003

Language Page Editor Rex Wallace [email protected] Classics Department University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003

Book Review Editor Francesco de Angelis [email protected] Art History and Archaeology Columbia University New York, NY 10027

Layout-Design Editor Gary Enea [email protected]

Submissions, news, pictures, or other material appropriate to this newsletter may be sent to any of the editors listed above. The email address is preferred. For submissions guidelines, see Etruscan News 3 (2003). Dear Editors: Del Chiaro. The 5th annual Mario Del Ingrid Edlund Berry,who delivered the Chiaro Lecture, entitled Black Flowers, Distribution of Etruscan News is made possible through the generosity of 4th Annual Mario Del Chiaro Lecture, will be delivered by Tom Rasmussen at NYU’s Center for Ancient Studies. pictured here on that occasion with Lisa UC Berkeley on April 28th, 2016. Pieraccini, Elizabeth Peña and Mario Lisa C. Pieraccini Page 2 Dear Editors: Letter to our Readers I am sending a photograph for your Dear Readers, Archaeocat feature. It is not Etruscan, Our front page features the current exhibition on language and inscriptions but it is very archaeological. I was organized by three museums: the Louvre, the Musée de Lattes and the MAEC of recently on a tour of Ethiopia with an Cortona. In the year 2015 we look back on two important moments in the study Archaeological Tours group, led by an of the Etruscan language: the discovery, in 1964, of the golden bilingual tablets excellent lecturer who excavates in at Pyrgi, the harbor of Cerveteri, and the Year of the Etruscans in 1986, when Ethiopia and knows the territory. One Francesco Roncalli’s exhibition, Scrivere Etrusco, reunited in Perugia the most day she was explaining about some post important inscriptions found up to that time. This year’s exhibition on the holes, and this cat popped up to see who Etruscan language coincides with the discovery of a new inscription at Poggio Ethiopian cat (Photo, J. Phillips). was looking at his house. He did not Colla, the news of which has “spread like wildfire in the Etruscan community,” really seem to mind, he was just curious. as Greg Warden, the excavator, says in his excavation report for the summer of Dear Editors: Yours truly, 2015. We await more information with bated breath. Last night I went to a marvelous Ellis Gellhorn As the newsletter of the NY Section of the Istituto di Studi Etruschi ed Italici, Etruscan cena. It was held at new Museo Etruscan News is pleased to announce the election of two new foreign members, Archeologico Etrusco De Feis in Naples Francesco de Angelis and Lisa Pieraccini, who are contributing toward bringing and I took pictures of every course. I the Etruscans to both scholarly and popular awareness, on both sides of the have a copy of the book of the museum's Atlantic and both sides of the country. This marks a change of generation, which catalog for you. The director is a young is also taking place in Italy, where a new group of directors of museums was Professoressa Florenza Grasso. The recently announced by the Ministry of Culture in Italy. Of greatest interest to our museum is small but has some beautiful readers and to tourists interested in the Etruscans are the appointment of Mario things from Campania and Puglia. Iozzo and Maria Paola Guidobaldi as the directors of the Archaeological Museum Here is the Etruscan menu: Etruscan in Florence and the Etruscan Museum of the Villa Giulia in Rome, respectively. antipasto: uova speziate, olive salate, For the past 13 years, Etruscan News has been the voice of the Etruscans for ricotta fresca speziata al pepe nero, fari- an international audience of scholars and amateurs -- in the best sense of the nata etrusca, miele, frittata di cipolla e word. The world has become more aware of the Etruscans’ place in Classical latte; primo: zuppa di legumi all’alloro; antiquity, with the result that today the US is second only to Italy in Etruscan Etruscan antipasto (Photo, Anna all’aglio e verdure stracotte dell’orto; activities, publications and outreach. The Etruscan Foundation and its journal datteri, nocciole, castagne e fichi; vino Pizzorusso). Etruscan Studies, UMass Amherst’s center for Etruscan Studies and its online rosso speziato; acqua. publication Rasenna, and most recently the Center for the Study of Ancient Italy Baci grandi e tanto amore, and the Etruscan Interest Group within the AIA, to say nothing of excavations, Anna Pizzorusso conferences, lectures and publications, have spread the word. More graduate (ED: See online article about Naples’ schools have programs in Etruscan studies and have inspired some of the best new Museo De Feis, Etruscan News 17.) graduate students to work on Etruscan topics. We are pleased to have had a role in furthering this interest. Dear Editors: As is the case for other journals, we are online, where more and more people Here is a photo of Eve Gran are accessing the volumes. But we ourselves and many of our readers – particu- Aymerich (at right) at the presentation larly our devoted coterie of fans abroad -- have had a particular fondness for the of her Festschrift in Paris, Pour une his- edizione cartacea. We do not want to give it up, but we will need financial help toire de l’archéologie xviii siècle – in order to continue our print edition. We will continue to distribute complimen- 1945. Hommage de ses collègues et tary copies at the annual meeting of the AIA/SCS as well as at various lectures amis à Ève Gran-Aymerich. Textes réu- and conferences, but we hope that many of you will consider subscribing and nis par Annick Fenet & Natacha sending donations. We can also send multiple copies, free of charge of issues 4- Lubtchansky. Bordeaux, Ausonius, 18 to teachers or lecturers who would like to distribute them to their students. 2015. Libraries that need to fill in gaps in their holdings of Etruscan News can receive Best wishes for Etruscan News, single issues at their request. Jean Gran Aymerich We do urge readers to consult the online version of Etruscan News regularly. (ED: See announcement page 17.) For our previous issue we added eight extra pages, and we expect to add pages for Volume 18. Although we can no longer print two issues a year, the online NEW SUBSCRIPTION FORM supplement allows us to keep abreast of the ever-growing number of activities in In order to receive the paper edition of Etruscan News, please subscribe below. Types the international world of Etruscan studies. of subscription: Individual subscribers (1-5 copies): $25 Larissa Bonfante Institutions (1-10 copies): $50 Bulk mailings: $50 per bundle of 25. Jane Whitehead Please remit this form with a check payable to: ISSEI-Etruscan News, to Larissa PS: Etruscan News Volume 17: articles printed in online version: • News Bonfante, Classics Department, 100 Washington Square East, Silver Building Room 503, from the Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia • Unleashing Harvard’s Art Museums • Rome’s New York University, New York, NY 10003. Colosseum could again host shows, but first it needs a floor • From the arena of the Your subscription comes with automatic membership in the US Section of the Istituto Colosseum to the history of Ferrara • Etruscan necropolis in loc. Lauscello, Municipalities di Studi Etruschi ed Italici (ISSEI), of which Etruscan News is the official Bullettino. of Castel Giorgio and Orvieto • A Surprise from Norchia, the Tomb “a casetta” of Vel at Donations to support the online edition are always much appreciated as well, and offer Sferracavallo • 11° Incontro Nazionale di Archeologia Viva tourismA • The Institute for the same automatic membership in ISSEI. Mediterranean Archaeology: a new society for Orvieto and its territory • Etruscan scholars gather in New Orleans for Archaeological Institute of America conference and drink an Please send ______# of copies to: Name: ______ancient ale • Nancy de Grummond wins Excellence in undergraduate teaching award from Address:______City: ______AIA • Il caso dei Marmi di Elgin • Some Etruscan Publications, 2013-2014 • Museum and State or province: ______Postal code, Country: ______Site: A new phase in the real and virtual history of the Etruscan town of Acquarossa (Viterbo) I would also like to make a donation of: ______to help support the online • The first museum dedicated to Etruscans has opened in Naples • Princely Celtic tomb from edition and the ISSEI, NY Section. The total amount enclosed is: ______5th c. B.C. found in Lavau, France •

Page 3 Directors , continued from page 1 Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei (the ARCHAEOCAT Perugia and Volterra, Scultura tardo-etr- local heritage authority), with the goal usca di Volterra (1965). He was an of preserving this uniquely valuable, but inspiring director, collaborated with the at the same time fragile, archaeological town in many ways, and installed the site. She organized and curated the first Etruscan epigraphical museum in a exhibit, “Ercolano. Tre secoli di scop- picturesque underground gallery. Many erte” and has collaborated with many of us were sad when he left Chiusi for other exhibits organized by the Florence. There, however, he has been Soprintendenza of Pompei or foreign equally active, installing new sections museums. She also headed the Ufficio and making the collection more easily Editoria, organized two International accessible for visitors. He has been Congresses on archaeological research active in projects working with in the area of Vesuvius and edited the American museums, including the Proceedings, and edited 33 volumes of exhibit on the Chimaera at the Getty the Collana di Studi. Museum, for which he published The New directors were also named for Chimaera of Arezzo (2009), and a con- the Polo Museale del Lazio, for the ference on the François Vase at the Archaeological Museum at Naples, and Archaeological Museum in Florence, the museums at Chiusi and Civita published by H. A. Shapiro, Mario Castellana (ancient Falerii). The director Iozzo, and Adrienne Lezzi-Hafter, The of the Archaeological Museum at François Vase: New Perspectives Naples, Paolo Giulierini, studied Introducing Lara from Tarquinia, born in Tuscania of Etruscan origin. (2013). Etruscan archaeology at the University Well educated Etruscat of Dottoressa Eleonora Brunori, Lara is study- The new director of the Museo of Florence. He was born in Cortona, Nazionale di Villa Giulia in Rome, as ing for her doctorate in Etruscatology. (Photo by Massimo Legni). and has been the director of the Museo well as the charming Museo dell’Accademia Etrusca and Cortona Archeologico Cerite (Cerveteri), is since 2001. Maria Angela Turchetti, the POETRY Maria Paola Guidobaldi, an expert on new director of the Archaeological Romanization in Italy, and on Pompeii, Museum of Chiusi, is the former direc- Herculaneum and the cities destroyed tor of the Museum at Cosa. The Roman by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Republican site of Cosa is an American She has excavated in the Latin colony of excavation in collaboration with the Fregellae, in the pre-Roman necropolis Soprintendenza, first directed by Frank of Campovalano, and in the Villa of the Brown, Director of the American Papyri in Herculaneum. Until July 2015, Academy in Rome, and by his succes- she was director of the excavations of sor, Russell T. Scott, Jr. Herculaneum with the Soprintendenza Archeologica of Pompei. As such, she coordinated for fifteen years the project for research, conservation and develop- ment of the excavation of Herculaneum, the “Herculaneum Conservation Project,” an innovative form of interna- tional public-private partnership, set up by David W. Packard, president of the Packard Humanities Institute (a philan- thropic foundation), with the aim of sup- porting the Italian State, through the Museo Archeologico Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Nazionale di Chiusi. Vetulonia, continued from page 5 unprovable. Were these objects that the first step in a long and complex were part of the furnishings of the process that aims to bring to light the house, dismantled and broken to be entire urban district of Poggiarello removed at the time of the fire and aban- Renzetti, with its houses, its streets, its donment? Scrap artifacts ready to be artisan shops, its town squares for man remelted? Material resulting from the and its temples for the gods. A neighbor- looting of a sacred place outside the hood collapsed and remained buried, home, from looters lost in the tragic with its stones and its clay bricks, under events of the fire in the quarter? These a few meters of dirt for over two thou- questions and many others that the exca- sand years; a treasure imprisoned in vation has sparked we will attempt to silence, which no one has touched, it answer in future research. asks, like a new Persephone, to return to On the other hand, the excavation of the surface and tell its long and fascinat- the Domus of the Dolia represents only ing story. Page 4 ARTICLES of a rearing horse (Fig.2) that was once An Extraordinary held by a dioscuro now lost. The piece Discovery at “The Domus dates to early 4th century BC, and is of the Dolia” in Vetulonia therefore the oldest artifact in the house. by Simona Rafanelli Particularly important are the three bronze male figures dating to the 3rd Research in the Hellenistic area of and 2nd centuries BC. These are classi- Vetulonia resumed in June 2009, when a fied as devotional objects and therefore proposal from the Scientific Director of belong to an environment of worship the “Isidoro Falchi” Archaeological that we still cannot locate with certainty, Museum met with the immediate con- either in the home or outside it. In the sent of the Superintendent for house, in fact, there could have been a Archaeological Heritage of Tuscany and lararium, a shrine with images of the the enthusiastic support of the city protector gods of the house; such administration of Castiglione della shrines are well known in the Roman Pescaia. houses of Pompeii. In any case, the find Started very cautiously, the excava- spot, which resembles a storage room tions have accelerated greatly in the last due to the presence of the dolia and four years, thanks to the financial com- Fig. 1 Excavating the last rooms of the Domus, October 2015. amphorae, probably was not their origi- mitment of the city and to generous con- the Museum of Vetulonia. elegant meander pattern of white and nal location. One of the bronzes exhibits tributions from private individuals. Except for a brief intervention by the gray limestone tiles in a red background a singular headgear, reminiscent of the Vetulonia, whose importance to the Soprintendenza Archeologica 30 years of opus signinum; the walls were plas- pointed cap of the famous Etruscan early Iron Age is well known, was ago, exploration in the area of the tered and painted. In the adjoining room priest, the haruspex. If its restoration reborn in new splendor in the 3rd centu- ancient city had been suspended for the the bronze feet of a dining couch and confirms this impression, the impor- ry BC, when, thanks to its alliance with tance of this data cannot be dismissed. Rome, coinage was minted there bear- . Complicating the issue is the presence ing its name, VATL. The Hellenistic of a stone base that still retains the feet quarter, Poggiarello Renzetti, discov- of another, larger, bronze votive statue. ered by Isidoro Falchi in 1892, repre- (Fig. 6) All these objects raise a number sents the most striking archaeological of unanswered questions: what is the proof: it has revealed some important reason for the presence of such disparate domestic structures, such as the Domus and high quality objects in a place so of Medea, with its decorative terracottas foreign to their primary purpose? The displaying episodes from the saga of the assumptions faced are numerous, but all Argonauts. These are now preserved in currently continued on page 4 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 120 years since Falchi’s discoveries, some marble columns and tables (?) which were interrupted in 1895. were recovered. Excavations have now been reopened, This building was destroyed, along thanks to the efforts of the Isidoro with the entire neighborhood, by a fire Falchi archeological cultural associa- in the early 1st century BC, as evi- tion which was founded in 2012 pre- denced by the scarcity of materials that cisely in order to revive the archaeolog- can be dated from the beginning of the ical investigations and to document the century up to 70 BC. The destruction of results. the city is perhaps attributable to the ter- Not far from the Domus of Medea rible reprisals conducted by Sulla after another residence of noble character his victory over Gaius Marius in the bit- Fig. 4 was identified, the Domus of the Dolia. ter dispute that saw the cities of Etruria Five years of excavation have revealed a stand in favor of the latter. building structured around a large semi- In the small room on the west side of open space, which is entered via the so- the house, brought to light during the called Street of the Cyclopes, one of the most recent excavation campaign streets perpendicular to the large paved (October-November 2015), a sensation- road that still runs though the al discovery emerged from under the quarter.(Fig.1) Around this possible atri- collapsed roof and the walls. Within a um, various rooms face each other. large patch of burnt wood in almost the Among the most significant is the room center of the room — which contained, that gave its name to the house; it held in addition to a dolium still standing, four large food containers (dolia), one some oil and wine amphorae — was of which was intact and put back in its found a group of seven figurative place. (Figs.3&5) One of the reception bronzes. (Fig.4) Three of these belonged Fig. 5 rooms featured a floor decorated with an to a bronze candelabra, its top consisting Fig. 6 Page 5 Letter From Rome “Meraviglie,” including touch screens by Larissa Bonfante and holographs, all of which are becom- ing more and more common in “virtual” When I come to Rome I live in exhibits and museums, and something Trastevere, which used to be Etruscan that I am still getting used to. I admired territory, on the other side of the Tiber. the collaborative effort represented by Almost every day, I cross the Ponte the archaeological images and videos Garibaldi to come into Rome proper, playing continuously on a screen in this passing by the Isola Tiberina, a healing Multimedia Room; these had been sent sanctuary in antiquity and today the site Fig. 1 Fig. 2 in from all over the world, in answer to of two hospitals. From my apartment I researchers can look up information on November 1, 2015); and the National an invitation by the organizers. can walk up the hill to the Janiculum the objects. This was digitized by Eric Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. The most exciting archaeological and the American Academy in Rome. De Sena of John Cabot University, and (December 13, 2015–March 20, 2016). adventure in the field was the visit to the I arrived in time to attend the sched- can be accessed through the Academy’s Both exhibits were reviewed by Ingrid rock-cut tomb of Grotta Scalina. (Fig. uled presentation, on June 8, of The web site. D. Rowland, “The Grandest Art of the 5). (See report elsewhere is this issue by Collection of Antiquities of the This was an auspicious beginning to Ancients,” The New York Review of Vincent Jolivet, and preceding report, American Academy in Rome, edited by my two months in Rome. Near the end Books, August 13, 2015. Etruscan News 17 (2015), p. 15). It is Helen Nagy and Larissa Bonfante, and of my stay, I took a number of archaeo- From Florence, on to Milan, where I one of the three largest Hellenistic published by the University of Michigan logical trips. First on my list was the stayed with friend Silvia Luraghi, Etruscan tock-cut tombs, along with the Press as a Supplement to the Memoirs Archaeological Museum in Florence, Hittitologist from Pavia, and went to the well-preserved Tomba Ildebrandra at of the American Academy in Rome. whose remarkable new installation EXPO with Davide Cadeddu, Professor Sovana, and the Tomba Lattanzi in the (Fig. 1). under Mario Iozzzo’s imaginative direc- of Political Science at the University of necropolis of Norchia. This year’s exca- The volume, which contains essays on tion now allows visitors to see and Milan. I was curious to see Giovanna vation uncovered the tombs below the “Highlights” of the areas of the collec- understand much more of its collection. Bagnasco Gianni’s Camera delle monumental rock-cut façade, with its tion, was in fact not yet officially out, . I was also fortunate enough to catch Meraviglie (Fig. 4 with Maria Bonghi dramatic staircase leading to the second

Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 but Kim Bowles, the Director, gave it a the exhibit of the Piccoli Grandi Bronzi Iovino) the charming archaeological level (left), as well as much of the later warm welcome. Particularly valuable is (March 20–August 31, 2015), curated exhibit at the university, on the Etruscan history of this impressive monument, Professor Katherine Geffcken’s by Mario Iozzo, who edited the cata- Banquet, in line with the theme of the which was a regular stop for pilgrims on Introduction, which provides a history logue together with Barbara Arbeid. 2015 Milan EXPO, “Feeding the the last leg of the via Francigena, the of the different moments in the creation (Fig. 3). This is not to be confused with Planet.” It was possible to stand in front road that led from France (starting in of the collection, and includes sympa- the much larger exhibit, Power and of the model of the Etruscan Tomb of Canterbury) to Rome. It seems at one thetic and often dramatic biographies of Pathos: Bronze Sculpture of the the Funeral Couch, La Tombe del Letto point to have hosted a resident prophetic the various directors, professors, mem- Hellenistic World, an exhibition at Funebre, whose every detail was repro- hermit. The owner of the property invit- bers, and donors whose gifts enriched Palazzo Strozzi, Florence (March 14– duced, and feel that you really were ed us all to a memorable dinner, which the Academy’s Archaeological Study June 21, 2015); the J. Paul Getty transported to another place and time. concluded with a reading of Etruscan Collection in the course of the last hun- Museum, Los Angeles (July 28– Nearby, the tech room included the News, (Fig 6.) much to the amusement dred years. of the director of the excavation,Vincent Vincenzo Bellelli brought greetings Jolivet. (Fig. 7). from the Italian CNR, and we were Back in Rome, Myles McDonnell delighted to see a number of Italian took me and my brother, Jordan friends of the Academy in the audience, Bonfante, on a historical tour of the including Giovanni Colonna and Forum. We never noticed the heat in the Gabriele Cifani. Then the audience was dramatic three hours that led us, in real invited to adjourn to the Norton-Van time, by way of the via Sacra through Buren Room (Fig. 2), the so-called the death of Caesar, the exposure of his Museum, where objects from the collec- body and Marcus Aurelius’ passionate tion were on display. Helen Nagy speech. And so we were back full circle, deserves credit for the Museum and the in the Romanization that marked the end Inventory, where students and Fig. 7 Fig. 8 of the Etruscan nomen. (Fig. 8). Page 6 under the supervision of museum direc- Printing Ancient Pottery tor Allys Palladino-Craig. in 3-D: Etruscan Ceramics A special feature was a reproduction from Cetamura del of a large Etruscan storage jar, ca. 5 ft. Chianti tall, so far known only in fragments by Nancy de Grummond from excavation. The whole profile of the jar was reconstructed in a drawing, A grant from the Archaeological and the vessel was reproduced in styro- Institute of America provided the basic foam using a digital carving router, support for an exhibition on 3-D print- which creates shapes by a process the ing of ancient pottery at the Museum of opposite of 3-D printing: instead of Fine Arts at Florida State University in depositing material, the router takes it Tallahassee. The show opened on away. Thus a huge block of styrofoam October 16, 2015, and was featured as was systematically cut away until it an activity of International Archaeology assumed the shape of the jar. The final Day on Oct. 17. Curated by Dr. Nancy “Please touch” these “ancient” objects at the FSU Museum. product weighed only 60 pounds, de Grummond of the Classics Windham Graves, created 3-D models they then reconstructed with the help of whereas the original ancient storage jar Department at Florida State University, from 2-D pottery profile drawings using students from the Archaeology Club. is estimated to have weighed 600 lbs. Rhinoceros software. These designs The originals of the vessels were were then printed out by a Makerbot excavated in recent years by de Replicator using a plastic filament Grummond in an Etruscan sanctuary, stock. Undergraduates from the FSU artisans’ quarter, and well at the FSU Student Archaeology Club majoring in site of Cetamura del Chianti in Tuscany, Classics and Museum Studies assisted Italy. They included Etruscan, Roman in assembling and polishing the printed and medieval examples dating from as pieces. Graves then finished them off early as the 6th century BCE and as late with spray paint to achieve an appropri- as the Middle Ages (ca. 1200 CE). A ate texture and color. major advantage for this type of exhibi- The printed vessels were displayed tion was the fact that it avoided the on open pedestals and made available many difficulties and great expense for touching, since no risk is involved involved in bringing fragile items from with handling the plastic models. The abroad. All the original artifacts not only exhibit was planned to be of interest to remained in Italy, but are not readily the general public, but especially to available for the public to touch. visually impaired individuals, who were Some objects were whole when able to pick up the vessels and under- excavated, but many pieces were frag- stand the forms through touching. A ments that allowed for standard 2-D highlight of National Archaeology Day reconstruction drawings of pottery pro- was a session with children from the files — rim, wall and base; handle if Lighthouse of the Big Bend, spearhead- appropriate. Explanatory labels and wall ed by Dr. Sandra Lewis of the FSU posters described the themes of the Visual Disabilities Program and her exhibit and the contexts in which the interns. The 3-D pots were passed pieces were found. The students them- around as de Grummond and others selves had designed the posters, coordi- Fragmentary Etruscan black After printing 3-D version of the explained how they were used in the nated and edited by FSU Classics doc- gloss goblet, 2nd century BC past. The children were also able to toral student Christina Cha. Labels and fragmentary Etruscan beaker (inset) and its complete 3-D “excavate” in mock trenches and extract other short documents in Braille were (inset) it was possible to meas- printed version above. fragments of modern flower pots, which prepared by the Museum of Fine Arts ure its liquid capacity of 220 ml. the exhibition featured a display of 27 in the replica below. vessels reproduced digitally, mainly by Opening night at the exhibition Lighthouse students show off means of 3-D printing. Artists at the drew a large, interested crowd. the result of their restorations. Windham Graves explains how to Facility for Arts Research (FAR) at create an Etruscan dolium in sty- FSU, under the guidance of coordinator rofoam at the Facility for Arts MakerBot prints 3 bowls at once. Research (FAR).

Page 7 A jazz musician plays the heard these ancient instruments play. In aulos: the music of 2500 our work we must go on hypothesis; each discovery opens new avenues that years ago could confirm or disprove them. One by Jacopo Gori thing I always say is woe to those who fall in love with hypotheses. But this is To recreate the lost music of the one most fascinating experiment. Etruscans was the fascinating challenge “We have restored a sound to a peo- between an archaeologist and a jazz ple without a voice,” says the conviced musician. They started this journey Etruscologist Rafanelli, who now with from two very distant points: the jazz musician Cantini tours Italy Etruscologist Simona Rafanelli, director between events and conferences pre- of the Archaeological Museum Isidoro senting the lecture-concert. “We let the Falchi Vetulonia, in the Tuscan public hear ancient sounds, unknown Maremma, and saxophonist Stefano “Perfectly cylindrical, non-tapered Playing the amphitheatre at Roselle. tones that vibrate the body and create an Cocco Cantini. They have together like the Greek. A true and correct copy saxophone). But there are various types incredible magic.” searched for an imaginary sound, which of the real thing,” say Rafanelli and of reeds. Looking at the paintings we “The frequencies of these notes.” they eventually made real. Cantini. The problem, once recreated, came across an image in which the continues Cantini, “are crazy. These Together, they observed and studied, was to play them. musician has the instrument out of his instruments produce a sound tuned to in the Museum of Underwater “We know for sure what notes my mouth the moment before starting to 432 hertz, like Mozart and Verdi, which Archaeology at Porto Santo Stefano, the ancient colleagues could not produce play it; this is in the Tomba Giustiniani challenges every assumption about wind instruments of boxwood and ivory over 2700 years ago,” says Cantini, who at Tarquinia, from 450 BC, in the Etruscan music.” (far right) attributed to the Etruscans. travels the world with his quartet play- Necropolis of Monterozzi. I’m not a This study also led to a documentary These had been found a few years ago ing arrangements of John Coltrane, one musicologist, but I had no doubt that it film, On notes of mystery. Lost Music of of the legends of jazz. “I was kept is a simple single reed. Today in our awake at night trying to understand how country it is used only for the launed- these instruments could work until I dis- das, an ancient Sardinian instrument. I covered the secret.” obtained some of these reeds from “And the secret was revealed to us Sardinia and I put them in the three by the Etruscans themselves,” continues auloi we reconstructed. I still shudder Rafanelli, whose life is dedicated to the when I remember the first time I heard study of this population of ancient Italy. those sounds.” The same chills were felt “The Etruscans were a people of in the Hall of the 500 of the Palazzo amazingly intact (above) - thanks to the musical excellence. In many paintings Vecchio in Florence (bottom left), where the Etruscans, by director Riccardo tar that protected them - in the cargo you see musicians playing on every two years ago archaeologists and Bicicchi. It premiered at the hold of a shipwreck from 2600 years occasion: funerals, weddings, banquets, Etruscologists listened to the notes of Archaeological Tourism Exchange in ago off the island of Giglio. They com- in wrestling matches. The Etruscans’ Cocco Cantini emerge from their silence Paestum on October 30 (an excerpt can pared the instruments with paintings in entire life was permeated with music. after 2,500 years. be viewed at www.corriere.it/la-lettura/) Etruscan tombs of Tarquinia, with The instruments represented the most “I introduced him myself,” recounts and will be presented, along with the reliefs on the stone urns of Chiusi and are wind instruments: single or double Giovannangelo Camporeale, professor complete project, to Italian, French and with real ancient instruments exhibited bodied auloi and tibiae, as the Greeks emeritus of the University of Florence, British museums. But Cocco Cantini, at Paestum. The fingerholes and dimen- and Romans called them. Once the and one of the foremost authorities in jazz musician and experimenter that he sions all matched. Cantini, information exact copy of the real instrument was the field of Etruscology, “but we must is, goes one step further: he will be in in hand, tracked down seasoned box- recreated we lacked the last bit.” be able to distinguish what is certainty Berchidda, Sardinia, on December 6 wood (in the Ukraine), contacted a “The Etruscan wind instruments,” and what is hypothetical. The work of playing his Etruscan auloi with the craftsman (in Sardinia) and rebuilt three continues Cantini, “are not flutes. In Cantini and Rafanelli (below left and accordion virtuoso Antonello Salis. instruments identical in shape, size and order to produce sound they required far right ) (who published a booklet enti- Unimaginable melodic improvisations material to those found in the Etruscan instead the use of a reed, the little sliver tled The lost music of the Etruscans, with instruments from 2,500 years ago. shipwreck from Giglio. of cane that vibrates, as in reed instru- Edizioni Effigies, 2013, ED) is very Ancestral sounds, hidden within us. ments today (oboe, bassoon, clarinet, interesting, but none of us has ever

Page 8 Etruscans in 3D graphic projections on special plates, October 24, 2015 - created by Massimo Legni of ATD. May 4, 2106 This is a project developed in collabora- tion with Gary Enea of Ceramicus - Ex-Chiesa degli Almadiani NYC: below a suspended light appear, Viterbo as if by magic, objects and ancient arti- by Alessandro Barelli facts, which visitors will be able to “touch.” There will also be pyramidal The idea was conceived in 2010 to three-dimensional holographic projec- organize the first archaeological exhibi- tions of objects scanned from originals. tion created entirely with 3D technolo- Supplementing this are more inter- gy. It was produced by Historia, the active stations dedicated to children: the association for dissemination and con- famous “Talking Heads of Historia” tell servation of Cultural Heritage in Italy, children about curious details of the life with the technical collaboration of of the ancient Italian people. A brows- (FBK) the Bruno Kessler Foundation in The exhibit in the ex-chiesa degli Almadiani, Viterbo. able virtual glossary allows visitors to Trento. The first exhibition took place at recognize objects of daily life and the National Museum of Brussels Superintendent Alfonsina Russo, Assessor Chiara Lanari and Vice Etruscan banquets. These animated MRAH (where it saw over 30,000 visi- Mayor of Viterbo, Luisa Ciambella are mesmerized. cards will be a sort of virtual window tors), the Science Museum of Trento into extraordinary artifacts from the (where it totaled 12,000 admissions in Etruscan Museums of Lazio, Emilia four months as compared to the muse- Romagna, Tuscany and Umbria. Finally, um’s 11,000 annual visits for the entire an interactive station for children with year) and in Stockholm at the National some “puzzles” allows the little archeol- Museum of the Mediterranean ogists to restore artifacts. (Medelhavseet, with 103,000 visitors). Premiering in this exhibition will be Completely multimedia, the 2015 the presentation of the 3D virtual recon- exhibit uses anaglyphic technology (bi- struction of the renowned “François color glasses) to allow visitors to expe- Tomb” at Vulci, where the visitor can rience major Etruscan archaeological enter and view its important frescoes, sites in 3D, reconstructed with Laser reconstructed and restored upon its welcomes visitors with an auspicious the Etruscan settlement of Acquarossa, Is it there or not? greeting from the augurs (soothsayers), and the frontal screen presents the won- images from the famous painted tomb of derful and essential work of archaeolo- the same name in Tarquinia. Projected gists filmed live while excavating at on the rear wall on a giant screen is an Etruscan sites. interactive virtual tour, where visitors The new and improved version of can discover the Necropolis of the “Etruscans in 3D” debuted in Viterbo on Banditaccia at Cerveteri and the October 24, in the former church of Monterozzi and Calvario necropoleis in Almadiani. It presents big changes from Tarquinia, a virtual tour of the Tomb of the first edition in Brussels: a new pro- the Monkeys in Chiusi and the jection system using large aerial screens Archaeological Park at Vulci; the last is for displaying twenty tombs realized a new addition to the 2015 version. The with the technique of Laser Scanning virtual tour allows access to 36 tombs in 2D and 3D. All iconography is designed 360°. for 3D viewing and can be viewed with Two side screens present the possi- the aid of special anaglyphic glasses. ble virtual reconstruction of an area at There will be newly developed holo- scanning technology precisely as they The Vibenna brothers in the François tomb battle in 3-D. walls. Reproductions and reconstruc- are in real life. The exhibit begins with a tions of the most important tombs from series of large monitors and screens dis- the Archaeological Park at Vulci will playing the world of the ancient also be presented for the first time dur- Etruscans though spectacular movies, ing the course of the exhibition. animations and images in 2D and 3D To complete the content, over 60 from the most important Etruscan muse- large photographic and didactic panels ums in Italy. The mapping and 3D mod- in 3D and eight large screen monitors eling of Etruscan tombs and artifacts display images from the world of the were created by the 3D Optical Etruscans themed by topic. Metrology Labs at FBK headed by Dr. Presented at the exhibition is the Fabio Remondino. The models are dis- “Experienece Etruria” film project cre- played at very high definition to allow ated by CINECA with the an “immersive” experience of the interi- Superintendency of Archaeology of ors of the Etruscan tombs. Lazio and Southern Etruria and the The 12-foot-high entrance portal cities of Viterbo and Orvieto.

Page 9 The monumental tomb of high level of the Tarquinian aristocracy, Grotte Scalina: solved and the funerary chamber should have con- tained several sarcophagi with figured unsolved questions lids and inscriptions recording, at least, by Vincent Jolivet (CNRS, Paris) the name of the dead. Instead, seven of and Edwige Lovergne the eight sarcophagi were sealed by a (Université de Paris I) plain lid, only one of which was inscri- bed; the only lid depicting the figure a From July 6 to August 3, 2015, a banqueting man was stolen. new excavation campaign took place at Furthermore, no sherd found in the fil- Grotte Scalina, with the contribution of ling of the tomb (which contained more than 20 students, researchers or various tokens and a bone die) can sure- teachers from France, Italy, Switzerland ly be dated before the beginning of the and the United States. This collabora- 3rd century B.C. tion between the Centre National de la The difference of at least a genera- Recherche Scientifique and the tion between outside and inside of the Soprintendenza Archeologica del Lazio tomb can so far hardly be explained. We e dell’Etruria Meridionale was made will check by Georadar, next year, for possible thanks to the sponsoring of Stairs flanking the tomb. Cleared dromos and chamber. the presence of a second, hypothetical various institutions: the CAECINA subterranean chamber. Project (ANR, CNRS), the Labex During this same campaign, we dug TransferS (Paris), the École Normale entirely the second dromos of the fune- Supérieure (Département des Sciences rary complex. Its original filling was de l’Antiquité, Paris), the Carivit found excavated parallel with the width Foundation (Viterbo) and the archaeolo- of the chamber door, but the stratigra- gical association Pharos, and with the phy shows that this access was not made friendly cooperation of the Pepponi recently, probably during the 16th cen- family, owners of the tomb. tury A.D. It was possible this year to dig com- This latter date is suggested by the pletely the tomb chamber, which appe- 17th century pilgrim medallion. Gaming tokens found in tomb. discovery of a bronze medaillon, produ- ars to have been plundered several times ced at the end of the 17th century for the during the last century. Our work pilgrims of the Jubilaeum. It was a brought to light a clear contrast between valuable key to understanding why the the exterior and interior of the tomb, tomb was carefully cleaned in the 16th both architecturally and chronological- century, and later regularly visited over ly. While its façade is huge, carefully about three centuries: its architecture planned and carefully executed, the miraculously, evoked in the minds of the funeral chamber, carelessly carved from foreign pilgrims the two main Roman a smooth tufo layer, is of poor dimen- Christian monuments of the Jubilaeum, sions (roughly 5 x 6 m.), and a very irre- the Holy Door and the Holy Stairs. gular plan. Outside the tomb, some See also: V. Jolivet, E. Lovergne, sherds of Etruscan red-figured vases, “La tomba rupestre monumentale di probably used in its banqueting room, Grotte Scalina (VT),” in Etruria in allow us to date the creation of the com- Progress. La ricerca archeologica in plex around to 320 B.C., contemporary Etruria Meridionale. Rome, Gangemi with the Lattanzi twin-tomb in Norchia. Editore 2014, 165-125. (photos CNRS). . Given the time period and the very hill, home of the monumental necropolis agreement with the Soprintendenza, who sawed off and carried away large The Tomb of the of Tarquinia, and is therefore difficult to received from the Foundation CARIVIT parts of the painted surface. The inter- access and control. Over the years the of Viterbo a contribution toward an vention of consolidating the plaster and Painted Vases roots of lush vegetation have invaded urgent intervention designed to stop the the removal of the roots was concluded the tomb’s painted surface and seriously serious deterioration of the paintings. this year and the Association has also The Tomb of the Painted Vases, compromised its condition. Their condition had been further com- been able to install an insulating alu- dated to the late 6th century BC, was In 2014 the Associazione Amici promised by the vandalism they suf- minum door to maintain a stable temper- discovered in 1867 by the archaeologist delle Tombe Dipinte di Tarquinia, in fered in 1963 at the hands of tombaroli ature and humidity inside the burial Wolfgang Helbig, who accurately Before (L) and after (R) root removal, cleaning and consolidation. chamber. We hope that in the near future described it in the Annali dell’Istituto di it will be possible to restore the paint- Corrispondenza Archeologica of 1870. ings, and bring to light the few but pre- Helbig stated that the paintings had a cious details which cannot be appreciat- finezza meravigliosa and considered ed today because of the tomb’s current them to be far superior to those of the severe state of decay. adjacent Tomba del Vecchio. The tomb Submitted by the non-profit associa- has suffered a great deal on account of tion, “Friends of the Painted Tombs of its secluded location: it is situated on the Tarquinia” (www.amicitombeditar- northern edge of the steep Monterozzi quinia.eu). Page 10 New life for the Etruscan an Orientalizing tumulus. After being necropolis of Crocifisso documented, it was stabilized with inert materials so that it would be meaningful del Tufo in Orvieto (Terni) even to the layman. Nine new inscrip- by Claudio Bizzarri tions were discovered and highly inter- esting ceramic and metal materials were The necropolis of Crocifisso del unearthed in numerous clusters of Tufo (named after a small chapel dug tombs, some with two chambers, which into the tufa cliff overlooking the site) is had been ransacked previously. Of par- connected to the settlement of the ticular note was a fine silver fibula dat- Etruscan Velzna/Volsinii. In the layout ing to the late 6th century BC. An unex- of their tombs, basically all alike and pected surprise appeared when an intact with the names of the owners in the Bucchero rooster and duck finials. set of tomb furnishings came to light in rock-cut inscription over each entrance, one of the cassetta tombs (consisting of the inhabitants mirrored an egalitarian tufa slabs forming a stone container of social organization. On the whole the modest size), located together with six necropolis can be dated to the second other tombs inside an enclosure of tufa half of the 6th and to the 5th century blocks. The tomb goods belonged to a BC, although one of the most interest- re-deposition dating to the end of the 6th ing, a small tumulus tomb with a stone century BC. There were numerous buc- sarcophagus belonging to a woman, chero vases relating to the banquet dates to around the middle of the 7th (oinochoai, chalices, kantharoi, a so- century BC. The tomb furnishings are called grissini tray, amphoras with deco- in general homogeneous, with Attic pot- rations on the lip and cover, the last- tery pertaining to the symposium named with a small modeled rooster) (among these are those by the greatest and vases in bronze lamina (a basin with of black-figure masters, Exekias). The a beaded rim and a small patera, both many vases in bucchero pesante, a char- Students clearing previously excavated areas to be “re-explored.” still under restoration in the prestigious explored” and the techniques and meth- tance is the role of the Institute for ods required for the restoration of the Mediterranean Archaeology, which sees monuments were to be studied. The to the archaeometric analyses in the per- basic maintenance of the area over time son of Prof. David George, and the was also an essential element, for it benefactors who furnished free lodging meant enhancing, together with the (Cody and Kelly Barnett). Students of Soprintendenza, the most important Italian and foreign institutions, profes- accessible archaeological site in sional archaeologists and volunteers Orvieto. The scientific direction was participated in the dig. The excavation entrusted to Claudio Bizzarri, who was site was unique in that it was an “open” particularly pleased at the chance to site where Italian and foreign visitors continue the family tradition. [ED: could follow the results of the strati- Monumental cippus base (?). Claudio Bizzarri’s father, Mario graphic method adopted. Visitors were laboratories of the ISCR, Istituto Intact bucchero vessels. Bizzarri, was the first scientific excava- able to participate “live” as the finds Superiore per la Conservazione ed il acteristic type of pottery in Orvieto and tor of the Crocifisso del Tufo. See were subjected to an initial cleaning and Restauro, under the direction of Dr. neighboring Chiusi, were accompanied Etruscan News 17, 2015.] Paolo Binaco cataloguing and preliminary restoration. Vilma Basilissi) as well as a couple of by objects in bronze and iron, all related was named field director. Financial sup- It was thus a complex archaeological bone needles and numerous iron frag- to the banquet. Excavations of the port was guaranteed by the Sostratos site open to outsiders, and particularly ments from knives, spits and firedogs. necropolis began in the 19th century, Trust di Scopo, an “enlightened” not for appreciated by the general public. New archaeometric analyses will be car- with methods now considered rather profit entrepreneurial group, which The results of the first campaign ried out on samples taken from inside questionable, while the first excavations manages the economic and logistic sec- were much more than had been expect- the containers in hopes of discovering to be carried out scientifically were tor of the project in Orvieto, as well as ed. Removal of the vegetation that had further elements that will help define the begun in the 1960s and continued to the other projects in Etruria, with passion overgrown an area excavated around the funeral rituals that took place in the ring end of the century. The new campaigns and proficiency. Of essential impor- end of the 20th century brought to light necropolis of the city of Orvieto. got under way in June of 2015. The entire project was organized The city of Orvieto, after conferring into various activities where collabora- with Maria Cristina de Angelis, inspec- tion between bodies, institutions and tor of the Soprintendenza Archeologia above all persons (the enthusiasm dis- per l’Umbria under whose jurisdiction played by the custodians of the site was Crocifisso del Tufo falls, requested per- contagious) permitted the construction mission from the Ministry for Cultural of a first step in a pilot project, certainly Assets for a three-year period of excava- repeatable, with many protagonists, but tions with a clear plan of action, cover- where the goal is (and must continue to ing various aspects. While the focus was be) that of safeguarding and enhancing to be on unexplored areas, previously an important sector of the cultural her- excavated portions were also to be “re- itage of Italy. (Photos Claudio Bizzarri). Page 11 Progetto Multidisciplinare geo-radar survey (GPR). These non- invasive methods will trace buried Bisenzio archaeological remains in the settlement by Dr. Andrea Babbi, Römisch- area and in the Olmo Bello cemetery. Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz The quality of the geophysical data will depend largely on the degree of preser- A few kilometers north of Viterbo vation of the archaeological deposits, (Lazio), near the present-day town of which unfortunately have been severely Capodimonte on Lake Bolsena, a Mount Bisenzio on the shores of lake Bolsena. altered by agricultural work for many dynamic Etruscan city thrived between decades. the 9th and the beginning of the 5th cen- From August 16 to September 25, turies BC. It is little known to the public 2015, a team of students from the aside from a small circle of specialists. Johannes Gutenberg University of The Etruscan name of the settlement is Mainz, under the direction of Dr. not known and, for convenience, the Andrea Babbi (RGZM) and Prof. toponym “Bisenzio” is taken from the Christopher Pare (JoGU), participated name of the hill on whose summit and in the first of three field survey cam- slopes the settlement was most likely paigns. Each day they examined a sur- located. This name is itself derived face section of the habitat zones in order from that of the Roman era municipium, to geo-reference and describe the pres- i.e. “Visentium.” ence and distribution of every piece of Unlike the larger settlements of visible archaeological evidence. This inner Etruria, and more like those of the non-invasive method will permit us to Tyrrhenian coast, such as Cerveteri, develop a broad and relatively accurate Tarquinia and Vulci, the site of Bisenzio Acropolis in red, necropoli, black. Geometric olla from Bisenzio. picture of the history and function of the seems to have been inhabited without life, and their material, aesthetic and which also makes use of the most different areas of the settlement. interruption, starting from the last cen- technological value are a reflection of advanced non-invasive techniques Parallel to the archaeological turies of the second millennium BC. the high social prestige of the individu- developed by geophysics. Dr. Andrea research, the Institute for the Protection These findings are the results of als buried. The shapes, decorations and Babbi, contract researcher at the Leibniz and Environmental Research of Rome is research carried out between the early manufacturing techniques, clearly simi- Research Centre for Archaeology of the undertaking a set of activities (including 1970s and early 1980s, and in particular lar to those that characterize Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum surveys, core and sample analysis, and the field surveys of the Gruppo Mediterranean production, as well as the of Mainz in Germany, is the creator and analysis of natural sections) with the Archeologico Romano on Mount quite distant Central European produc- coordinator of the project. goal of preparing a geological map of Bisenzio; the surface surveys carried out tion, are further confirmation of the A first important aspect is the study the area that will be considerably more on the surrounding slopes by two complex network of contacts in which of material in the storerooms of the detailed than the only one available German scholars at the University of the prominent families of the area took Museums of the Villa Giulia and today. The latter, at a scale of 1:10000, Göttingen, Klaus and Jürgen Raddatz part, especially between the 8th and 7th Viterbo, which preserve the artifacts inevitably offers an overly simplified Driehaus; and finally, archaeological centuries BC. from both the 1920s excavations in the reading of the territory. It is inadequate excavations carried out on top of the Despite the regular supervision of famous necropolis Olmo Bello (9th- for the study of archaeological areas and mountain and on the terraces immedi- the Superintendency, knowledge of the early 5th centuries BC.), and the late the analysis of the possible influence of ately below by the Superintendency for settlement and one of its richest necrop- 1970s excavations of the Late Bronze the rock types in determining the func- the Archaeological Heritage of Southern oleis, Olmo Bello, remains limited to a Age settlement on Mount Bisenzio. The tion of the different areas of the habitat. Etruria, under the direction of Maria few interesting reports published intent is to complete a systematic publi- Eventually all of the data currently Antonietta Fugazzola Delpino. The cul- between 1928 and the mid 1980s. cation of these contexts. available for Bisenzio — archaeologi- tural dynamism of Bisenzio’s inhabi- Today, thanks to the financial commit- The next aspect of the project is the cal, cartographic, geological, and aerial tants is evidenced by the rich funerary ment of the German Scientific investigation of the territory itself. photographic — will be geo-referenced objects in the Etruscan National Community (the Deutsche During the first of three planned cam- at http://143.93.114.113/bisenzio/. The Museum in Viterbo and the Villa Giulia Forschungsgemeinschaft), the coopera- paigns of in situ research in July 2015, ultimate goal is to offer a thorough study in Rome, as well as in museums abroad. tion between the Archaeological teams from the Hochschule of Mainz of Bisenzio as a complex system con- These objects come from the countless Superintendency of Lazio and Southern and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute in sisting of a settlement, suburbs, and graves that formed the necropoleis sur- Etruria and an international team made Vienna were active at Bisenzio. The cemeteries, harmoniously and dynami- rounding what appears to have been the up of prestigious research institutions, a objectives of these two teams are the cally connected with the surrounding area of the settlement. broad spectrum of research has been establishment of a network of satellite- territory. In a nutshell, we will try to The sheer number of artifacts that implemented by way of a three-year tracked geo-reference points for the unravel the history of the “invisible” accompanied the deceased to the after- multidisciplinary project (2015-2017), archaeological remains, and a dedicated city of Bisenzio. (Photos Andrea Babbi).

Students from the University of Mainz commence a field survey. Roland Filzwieser on quad-bike with Ground Penetrating Radar. Page 12 LATE NEWS

Exhibit The shadow of the Etruscans Symbols of a people between Etruscan and Roman the plains and hills antiquities recovered in Museo del Palazzo Pretorio, Prato Vulci - The discovery of the March 19- June 30, 2016 Geneva returned to Italy The antiquities, traced to a disgraced Tomb of the golden scarab This journey through time explores British art dealer who was sent to prison The tomb was saved from grave rob- the horizons of the sacred and the under- in 2005, were recovered in a Geneva bers by the Soprntendenza of Lazio, in world, to trace the Etruscan civilization and images on an important Attic red- Freeport had been kept in a vault for early January. The tomb dates from the that flourished north of the Arno River, figure cup by Douris. The second sec- over 15 years, in 45 crates labeled with 8th century BC. Its name comes from along the wide plains of Florence-Prato- tion features the production of “Fiesole the details of an off-shore company. one of the precious objects unearthed: a Pistoia to the Mugello, Val di Sieve and stones” (cippi and stelae). These funer- The operation was carried out by the art scarab of Egyptian production on a gold Montalbano. Cippi, stelae, and bronze ary monuments, which identify noble crime department of Italy's Carabinieri mount, found along with an amber neck- statuettes recount a fascinating history families, are decorated in relief and are police in collaboration with the Swiss lace, fabric and other finds. The work of the distant cultural roots of this area characteristic of the Etruscan centers of authorities. The cache includes two rare continues on a micro excavation of the of Tuscany, including Prato and the epi- Artimino, Fiesole and Gonfienti. This Etruscan sarcophagi, one depicting an sarcophagus in the lab at Montalto. It is center of Gonfienti, to which the first exhibit reveals for the first time new and elderly man and the other, a young believed this may be the tomb of a 15- section of the exhibition is dedicated. hitherto unknown aspects of the archae- woman dating from the 2nd century BC. year- old child of noble rank, probably a Special attention is paid to the world of ological past of Prato and Tuscany. Also recovered were numerous terracot- member of Vulci’s first Etruscan aris- the sacred, by way of bronze votives, For associated lectures (see Page 25). ta temple fragments from Cerveteri. tocracy. More details at (www.vulci.it). played in the middle of the floor, MUSEUM NEWS explains the trade routes from these cen- turies, along with the material produced for that trade. The objects are displayed Face to Face in glass cases, visible from all sides. with the Greeks, In the second room the Greek vases are organized by subject matter rather Etruscans and Romans than chronologically; many tell stories Leiden’s Rijksmuseum van from the lives of the gods. We also learn Oudheden reopens after seven of their restoration history since 1818, months of renovation the year the museum was founded. by Marjolein Overmeer The central part of this space is kennislink.nl (adapted) The Etruscan gallery (above), columbarium in Roman gallery (below). designed as an image gallery, showing the changes in sculptural style from the The halls with the material culture of rigid Egyptian pose to the Classical the ancient Greeks, Etruscans and form. Romans have been given a new look. Columbaria for the dead The rooms on the first and second The Etruscan gallery leads into the floors, which were previously the tem- Roman hall, where a map shows the far- porary exhibition halls, are now the new reaching influence of Roman culture. A galleries with material from the ancient peculiarly Roman type of cemetery is Greek, Etruscan and Roman cultures. the so-called columbarium, or dovecote, Curator Ruurd Halbertsma tells us with compartments holding ash urns and that the design was inspired by rhythm, epitaphs of the deceased. Particularly rhythmos in ancient Greek: an art object interesting epitaphs are that of Flavia, touches the viewer only if it appears to commemorated by her husband, who be in motion. “Context” is thus central, says she never quarreled with him dur- showing the interaction between the ing their twelve years of marriage, and Greek, Etruscan and Roman cultures. Greek vases by subject matter (top), classic Greek sculpture (below). that of the slave who died just before The re-arrangement of the existing col- receiving his freedom. lection also includes some new items “New objects in this Roman room specifically acquired for this new con- are a pair of tritons or sea gods, original- text. ly from the Rijksmuseum in Fantasy world Amsterdam,” explains Halbertsma. On the second floor, we begin in the “There they were kept in storage as hall dedicated to ancient Greece. This Italian artifacts from the 16th century, first room is arranged geographically, but they turned out to be ancient and a large, animated projection is dis- Roman.” (Photos by Mike Bink RMO).

Page 13 town dates back to 1972, during the con- “Principesse e principi struction of the interurban section of the dall’antica Collatia” Rome-Aquila autostrada. But only between 2009 and 2012 has roadwork alle Terme di uncovered the three tombs on display Diocleziano a Roma today, along with other burials still La nuova sala della sezione under study and restoration. The exca- vations were conducted by the Special protostoria dei popoli Latini Superintendency for the Colosseum, the by Federica D’Alfonso Roman National Museum and the archaeological area of Rome. The recently restored finds Above, bronze “The story of Collatia is particularly unearthed at the archaeological site of belt. At right, significant, because it manages to frame the ancient city of Collatia, located in a sumptuous the birth and growth of Rome in the the Borgo of La Rustica, near Rome, has female burial. actual environment where the seeds of been permanently exhibited in the new Top, a wooden scepter. Below, the city had germinated,” said hall dedicated to the early history of the Superintendent Francis Prosperetti. “All Latin peoples at the Roman National chariot reconstruction. Right, traces of Collatia had gone missing, and Museum, in the Baths of Diocletian, the excavation of the chariot. over the centuries we have followed var- beginning Thursday, Dec. 10, 2015. reality that could be defined as ‘feudal’, ious assumptions about the whereabouts The finds, dated between the 8th and previous to the hegemony of Rome.” of this city. The only actual evidence we 7th century BC, belong to three princely Quite extraordinary was a scepter in have left is from these burials, which tomb groups, one male and two female. corniolo (dogwood), with a handle in emerged on the occasion of the road- It is the first time ever that the visitors cast bronze inlaid in iron, with a decora- work of the “A24.” will have the opportunity to admire tive motif of fantastic animals. A sword It presents some of the most important Prosperetti reiterated the exception- these extraordinary new treasures from and a chariot were buried with a prince finds of recent decades that have al nature of the discovery, in that they before the Roman conquest. to accompany him on his last journey; remained unpublished until now. are not common but princely tombs, tes- “They are not ordinary graves, but the chariot has been reconstructed from The town of Collatia was a colony of tifying to the development of a “feudal” intended for princesses and princes,” the iron rims of the wheels. Alba Longa, the city founded by Latin system earlier than the hegemony of said the superintendent of the archaeo- The opening of this new section fea- King Silvius, descendant of Aeneas, and Rome. “These were places where there logical area of Rome, Francesco turing the proto-history of the Latin peo- cited by the historian Livy as central to were important people who had strength Prosperetti, during the press conference ples enriches the permanent collection the revolt between Tarquinius Priscus and power on limited areas of land, presenting the new hall in the National dedicated to the development of the cul- and Tarquinius Superbus. It offers very often at odds with each other. For this Museum. “The grave goods found are ture of Lazio between the end of the important testimony to the culture of reason we find, in two burials, chariots special tomb groups, unique because of Bronze Age (11th century BC) and the Lazio before the growth and expansion of which many metal parts have their importance, bearing witness to the beginning of the 6th century BC. of Roman rule. The discovery of the remained intact.” Etruscans of the Frontier: “The Etruscans at the border.” belong to both the Paleolithic and the Numerous vessels come from the The important and little- The museum’s chronology begins Neolithic, and artifacts from those of the neighboring colonies of Magna Graecia, from the prehistoric period with objects latter period show the transition from such as Poseidonia, Cuma and particu- known Archaeological from the tombs of the “Gaudo Culture,” the Stone to Copper Ages. The tombs of larly Ischia which the Greeks called Museum of Pontecagnano whose necropolis was first found by that time were called “a forno,” in the Pithecussae, Bucchero objects come by Michele Piastrella, Citizen Salerno chance by American soldiers after the form of a hole dug in the ground and from the Etruscan cities of central Italy, Allied landing in 1944. The graves accessed through a narrow tunnel. The such as Tarquinia or Volterra. These The National Archaeological objects recovered, vessels and weapons, items show how the ancient Etruscan Museum of Pontecagnano houses not are of excellent workmanship and well town of Pontecagnano was a major cen- one but several unique and priceless preserved. The exhibits are then laid ter of trade and a crossroads of traffic artifacts that cannot be found in any out by centuries from the 9th BC to from various parts of the Mediterranean. other part of the world. Villanovan and Etruscan. Over the cen- An interesting object is a huge At the heart of the museum is a sig- turies, the funerals became more sump- bronze equine mask, found in a tomb. It nificant amount of material of Etruscan tuous, reflective of the organization of was part of the funeral goods of a war- origin. The Picentine territory was con- the society. The production of ceramics rior, accompanied to the afterlife with quered by the Etruscans around the 9th Amber pectoral, sil- becomes increasingly sophisticated with the headpiece of his horse! century BC, in their Villanovan period. ver & bronze fibulae. the use of local clays. The most impor- Another important section of the Here and in Capua were the only two Below, a sumptuous tant men now choose cremation. museum is dedicated to Etruscan writ- Villanovan settlements in Southern Villanovan tomb. Embossed bronze equine mask. ing. On a coin is the name“Amina”, Italy; all the other settlements occur which some assumed to be the name of from Lazio northward. But the the Etruscan town. But there is no other Etruscans of Pontecagnano were a peo- evidence to substantiate this thesis. ple strongly influenced by neighboring According to other scholars, the city populations, first by the Greeks who could be called Tyrseta. lived in the great Greek colonies of the The Archaeological Museum of Campanian coast. And they bordered Pontecagnano is a priceless treasure. the Greek colony of Poseidonia, the But only a few know it. For informa- Roman Paestum. For this reason the tion: tel. 089/848181. Museum is subtitled with the name, Page 14 Ecriture, continued from page 1 and since the site of Lattara was one of and in particular the value of the funer- the principal Etruscan outposts in the ary inscriptions for our understanding of region, the participation of the Henri Etruscan names, family links and politi- Prades Museum in the project has natu- cal structures. From the Etruscan rally led us to stress this epigraphic doc- inscriptions themselves, but also from umentation, which continues to grow Greek and Latin texts, we know that the and to offer a large number of discover- Etruscan religion rested on a written tra- ies, both ancient and new. dition, and that the sanctuaries’ “schools Presenting Etruscan writing to the of scribes” sometimes contributed to the general public requires also stepping formalization of graphic usages. These beyond the superficial images of a mys- different aspects are illustrated in the terious culture and understanding the exhibit by justly famous documents – fruitful work carried on by epigraphists beginning with the liber linteus of for decades. It has seemed interesting to Zagreb and the Cortona tablet – but also us to recall the long history of the deci- by numerous less well-known, even pherment of the alphabet and Etruscan unpublished, documents from major texts from the Renaissance on, since the Italian and French collections as well as Museum of the Etruscan Academy and recent excavations. the city of Cortona (MAEC) stem from Cooperation among French and Although not in the exhibition, the Chiusi fibula (below) bears one of an institution, the Accademia Etrusca of Italian institutions, which has made this the earliest examples of an Etruscan inscription, recording the gift Cortona, which played an essential role exhibit possible, allows us also to take from one aristocrat to another. “I am Arath Velavesna's fibula. I was in this history in modern times. The into account an essential aspect of the given by Mamurke Tursikina.” 7th c. BC, Louvre. (All photos Louvre and MAEC). patient labors of European scholars, but Etruscan world: the influence of the also the fantastic recreations of pseudo- Etruscans in the Mediterranean and their Etruscan inscriptions in turn illustrate physical presence on Corsica, in the slow progress of the research, which Provence and Languedoc. The majority has finally made it possible to consider of Etruscan inscriptions found outside Etruscan writing for what we perceive it of Italy come from these three regions, to be today: a historical document and a Below: the Piacenza liver, a bronze part of our common cultural heritage. model incised with the names of gods. Possibly a tool for divination. 2nd c. BC, Musei Civici di Palazzo Farnese, Piacenza.

Bucchero aryballos The Magliano lead from Montalto di Castro “Etruschi Maestri di Scrittura” plaque, inscribed in a spiral pattern with a dedicatory inscription to Tentative Lectures, Conferences on both sides, with text related to Lareke on the snake. C. 650 BC, and speakers: performing sacred rites. 5th c. BC, Villa Giulia, Rome. Language and Culture Museo Archeologico, Firenze. Speakers: Adriano Maggiani. Luciano Far right: Geometric oinochoe Agostiniani, Riccardo Massarelli. Far left: an impasto chalice, inscribed "mi qutum Karkanas" History of Collecting inscribed mi Laucies Mezenties. ("I am the qutum of Karkana"). Speakers: Françoise Gaultier, Laurent 675-650 BC, Louvre. 7th c. BC, Louvre. Haumesser, Paolo Bruschetti, Paolo The MAEC has also organized Sections of the linen bands from the Zagreb mummy. The ritual text Giulierini, Lionel Pernet, Françoise numerous educational workshops Millet, Gregory Warden, Daniele F. is the longest document in Etruscan. 2nd c. BC, Zagreb Museum. including: “ I zichu: the writing of the Maras. Etruscans,” “A Day in the Life of an Aspects of the Exhibition specific to the Etruscan”, “The Scribe's Game”, “ From Accademia of Cortona Graffiti to the Smartphone.” There will Speakers: Paolo Bruschetti, Paolo also be educational visits for the blind Giulierini, Patrizia Rocchini, Sergio and visually impaired and a literary Angori. competition for unpublished short sto- Educational themed visits ries entitled “We write! Etruscan narra- Speakers: Eleonora Sandrelli, Stefano tives.” For further information on these Rossi, Ilaria Ricci. events see (www.cortonamaec.org). Page 15 Poggio Colla continued from page 1 removed at some point in antiquity, art movers and conservators removed probably preceding the construction of the stele to Florence, where it is current- the more recent sanctuary buildings. ly undergoing extensive conservation. Rather unremarkable looking at first Since then more than 75 characters have glance, this small foundation — in con- been found on the monument, making it junction with artifacts and foundations an exceptionally long example of excavated this year — has given us the Etruscan writing. Apart from the length final clues needed to roughly determine of the inscription, the object is especial- the size and shape of Poggio Colla’s ly important because of its secure prove- Phase I temple, the earliest monumental nance from a non-funerary context. construction on site, which was an Finding an Etruscan stele at all is Orientalizing-Early Archaic timber remarkable, but finding one in situ with building that preceded the construction such an extensive inscription is of the monumental temple on the acrop- extremely rare. This artifact has the olis. potential to rewrite much of what we Also important was the discovery in think we know of early Etruscan litera- 2014 of two bronze female figurines cy. Rex Wallace inspects inscription Bronze female figurine from that were found in the same context as Full photogrammetry and laser scan- on the stele at lab in Florence. the “inscription deposit.” the “Inscription Deposit,” which was ning of the stele in all stages of conser- preliminarily published by Warden in vation has been planned, as well as a Stele as it was found in situ Group of bronze figurines, both 2009 in Votives, Places, Rituals in monographic publication, with contri- buried under a foundation wall. male and female. Etruscan Religion. Studies in Honor of butions by Rex Wallace, University of Jean MacIntosh Turfa. One of the fig- Massachusetts Amherst, on the inscrip- ures is quite early in date and of unusual tion; by colleagues in Florence on the style (late 7th c. BCE). Two further technical aspects of conservation and bronze figures, one female, one male, digital documentation; and by MVAP were found in 2015. Their method of staff members on the stele’s connections deposition is quite interesting (horizon- to broader contexts, including ritual, tal and face up, as if laid to rest), and gender, temple architecture, and the their particular positioning may be con- sanctuary in the 7th and 6th centuries. A nected spatially to the underground fis- full press release is planned once con- sure that was treated ritually after the servation and study of this remarkable destruction of the temple. find have progressed further. The next few years will be taken up The past few seasons have been par- the supervision of Phil Perkins (Open of what we currently interpret as a foun- with study seasons that will lead to a full ticularly productive. Excavation under University, UK) discovered the remains dation for a column base that was publication of the project’s findings.

Exhibition scends the clay medium, and looks “Rome and the people of directly at the viewer with a melancholy gaze, recalling the vividness of the the Po: a meeting Egyptian Fayum portraits. There are of cultures countless other beautiful portraits paint- ed or sculpted, statues, antefixes, funeral III to I century BC” cippi, helmets, weapons, and coins. May 9, 2015 - February 15, 2016 jewelry and the remembrance of the The sections are well explained and The Museum of Santa Giulia, and deceased — the transformation of the introduced with an accompanying tablet Brixia (the Archaeological Park of countryside and the road systems. It guide, in which specialists explain the Roman Brescia) ends with the poetry and the presumed principal pieces in depth. Brescia portrait of Catullus. The occasion is also ideal for a visit by Alberto Castrini “Rome and the people of the Po” to “Brixia.” This is the Archaeological brings together a wealth of objects, from Park of Roman Brescia, the largest Why did the Romans want to expand chance to encounter ancient art. everyday items to sculptural groups. It is archaeological site north of Rome. into northern Italy? What attracted them The exhibition is divided into 12 a unique opportunity to see material There you will find the Capitolium ded- to the lands of the Po: occupied by sections analyzing the various aspects of gathered from almost all the archaeolog- icated to Vespasian, with the floors and people of culture and traditions so dis- this meeting, preceded by the clashes ical museums of the Po valley. the bases of the altars intact, the cham- tant from them? For the first time an between Rome and peoples of the Rising above all is the beautiful ter- ber of the Republican sanctuary still archaeological exhibition takes on these North: the Venetians, Gauls, Cenomani, racotta pediment of the temple of frescoed, and the Roman theater, recent- questions in a journey through time and Ligurian, Boi, Insubri, etc. It begins Talamone (above), which represents the ly opened to the public. space shown through unpublished arti- with the Roman generals who were pro- myth of the Seven Against Thebes as In the same venue as the exhibition facts. tagonists in the conquest and goes on to told in the tragedy of Aeschylus. The you can visit the amazing complex of The exhibition encompasses an the cyclone of Hannibal Barca’s arrival story is relevant to the Po Valley San Salvatore and Santa Giulia, a World exhaustive analysis of the cultural influ- and the following wars, the construction because it celebrates the victory of Heritage Site, which preserves inside its ence of emerging Republican Rome fol- and organization of the cities of the Rome over the Celts. But it is the churches and cloisters an impressive lowing its conquest of the northern northern plains, places of worship, the chipped terracotta face of a young toga- museum of Roman and medieval cul- Italian peninsula, and it is an excellent art — the private taste in mosaics and tus that is particularly striking. He tran- ture, chock full of masterpieces. Page 16 Textes épichoriques longs News from France NEWS FROM THE SECTIONS en Italie centrale: by Dominique Briquel les descriptions de rituels du This year, the French Section enjoyed Liber Linteus et des Tables lectures by Petra Amann, on December Eugubines 4, 2014, “La femme étrusque, fantasmes l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris et réalités;” and by Gerhard Meiser, on June 5, 2015 March 17, 2015, “Des inscriptions qui Program ne comportent guère que des noms pro- Introduction: Dominique Briquel pres.” Histoire de la recherche In addition, there were two confer- Paolo Poccetti, “Les Tables Ombriennes ences organized by Marie-Laurence d’Iguvium et le Liber Linteus Haack at Amiens, where she is professor étrusque dans les parcours des at the University of Picardie. “Autour études au XXe siècle.” du sarcophage des époux” was held on Opérations rituelles December 5, 2014, and on September News from New Greek galleries at the RMO. Valentina Belfiore, “La pratica dell’of- 22-24, 2014, “Les Etrusques au temps the Netherlands ferta fra rito etrusco e umbrosabelli- du nazisme et du fascisme.” The latter by Bouke van der Meer co: affinità e differenze intorno was the second conference she organ- all’altare.” ized on the theme, “L’étruscologie au In mid-December 2015 the L. Bouke van der Meer, “Vinum in the XXe siècle;” she had previously organ- Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (National Liber Linteus (LL) and vinu in the ized one on December 2, 2013 on the Museum of Antiquities) in Leiden Iguvine Tables (IT). A comparative subject “La construction de l’étruscolo- opened the new Etruscan Galleries. study.” gie au début du XXe siècle.” The third After the Carthage exhibition in May Structures textuelles conference in the series was held, again 2015, the museum was closed entirely to Emmanuel Dupraz, “Descriptions de rit- in Amiens, on September 14-16, 2015, the public due to the clearance of uels dans les Tables Eugubines et on the subject “L’étruscologie dans les asbestos. The museum took this oppor- dans le Liber Linteus: rédactions années de l’après-guerre.” tunity to renovate the entire Classical détaillées et rédactions synthé- This year there was a meeting on department (above), including the new tiques.” another kind of topic, Italic linguistics, “Galleria Etrusca.” In this new presen- Theresa Roth, “Direktive Ausdrucks- organized by Emmanuel Dupraz, pro- tation the Etruscan collection will focus formen in den Iguvinischen Tafeln.” fessor at the Université Libre de on the rich collection of decorated Francesco Zuin, “Les Futurs parfaits Bruxelles, in Belgium, and Directeur funerary chests (Giorgi collection, use of small drones; 4. analysis of mate- ombriens entre texte et grammaire.” d’études at the Ecole Pratique des Volterra, acquired 1826) and the bronze rial finds collected in previous cam- Hautes Etudes in Paris. The meeting collection of Count Galeotto Corazzi paigns. Eve Gran Aymerich honored was held at the Ecole Normale (Cortona, acquired 1826) in a whole For more information, please visit with Festschrift Supérieure in Paris on June 5, 2015 and new arrangement. Due to the new focus wwww.landscapesofearlyromancolo- In 2015 she was presented with vol.1, the theme was “Textes épichoriques and actual setting in the museum, the nization.com or contact us at Pour une histoire de l’archéologie xviii longs en Italie Centrale: les descriptions Etruscans will literally be the link ...... t.d.stek@arch.leidenuniv.nl...or or siècle – 1945. Hommage de ses col- de rituels du Liber Linteus et des Tables between the new Greek and Roman gal- [email protected] lègues et amis à Ève Gran-Aymerich. Eugubines” (above left). leries. The visitor is now even more Textes réunis par Annick Fenet & aware of the influence of the Etruscans Tesse Stek & Rogier Kalkers Natacha Lubtchansky. Bordeaux, and the interconnections between these Landscapes of Early Roman ... Ausonius, 2015. ancient cultures. (See page 13). ... Cololonization Project The history of archaeology is her spe- Leiden University, cialty, on which she has written impor- Call for Participants Faculty of Archaeology tant works. Some of her books are Jane Field School Molise 2016 Van Steenis Building, Dieulafoy. Une vie d’homme, Librairie Room B1.10+12 académique Perrin, Paris, 1991, on the In the framework of the Landscapes Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden adventurous archaeologist Jane of Early Roman Colonization project The Netherlands Dieulafoy, who excavated in Syria, was (Leiden University, The Royal happily married to Mr. Dieulafoy, and “L’étruscologie au XXe siècle.” Netherlands Institute in Rome) we are was legally permitted to dress like a looking for enthusiastic participants man. For this work she received in 1992 “Les Etrusques au temps du for several fieldwork campaigns, which the “Prix de la Société d’entraide de la nazisme et du fascisme.” will be organized throughout 2016 in the Légion d’Honneur.” region of Molise (Central- Some of her other books are: Southern Italy). Naissance de l’archéologie moderne. The upcoming campaigns will 1798–1945, CNRS Éditions, Paris, involve: 1. the excavation of a Samnite 1998; Dictionnaire biographique sanctuary; 2. archaeological field walk- d’archéologie (1798–1945); CNRS ing surveys in several research areas; 3. Éditions, Les Chercheurs du passé. remote sensing: geophysical prospec- “Autour des 1798–1945. Aux sources de l’archéolo- tion and aerial reconnaissance, with the sarcophage des époux.” gie, CNRS Éditions, Paris, 2007.

Page 17 decline, but as a process of continuous change. The Etruscans willingly took EXHIBITS the influences from the Greeks and from Exhibition all over the Mediterranean into their own culture. From the 3rd century BC Die Etrusker - Von they were part of the Hellenistic world. Villanova bis Rom At the same time Etruscan culture great- The Etruscans – ly influenced Rome, and left traces that can be seen to this day. From Villanova to Rome Many of the objects in the July 16, 2015 - July 17, 2016 Antikensammlung have not been dis- Antikensammlung, Munich played since World War II, and some are shown to the public for the first time. The Etruscans come back to life, as Supported by a media guide, visitors can outstanding examples of Etruscan art immerse themselves in the world of the are presented in a major exhibition of Etruscans and experience the dynamics the National Antiquities Collections at of a past, but not forgotten culture. Munich Königsplatz. The exhibit is accompanied by a cat- The exhibition shows the develop- alog: F. Knauß and J. Gebauer, eds., The ment as an ascent of the civilization, and Etruscans. From Villanova to Rome a short flowering followed by a steady (384 pages, 740 color ills.), Nünnerich- Asmus Verlag, 2015. (photos Renate Kühling)

Bronze replica of the chimera Small Etruscan bronze figure of a Large gold fibula orientalizing Reconstruction of an Etruscan rit- specially cast for the exhibition. winged female, possibly a Lasa. period Vulci, 675–650 B.C. ual wagon; original from 540 B.C. Charun and the chimera golden brooches and the like, — from The exhibition aims to do away with unique shape and expressiveness, such Why the Etruscans in Munich are the cache of Munich State Collection of the persistent opinion that the culture of as the great golden disc fibula from historically acceptable Antiquities on the Königsplatz. They are the Etruscans had developed, blossomed Vulci (675 - 650 BC), or, even older, the bucchero jug with trefoil mouth, shiny by Hans Gärtner displayed now in a year-long exhibition and died again. This is not the case. black surface and engravings of animals tabularasamagazin.de “The Etruscans - Villanova to Rome.” Rather it should be stated that the most until July 17, 2016. recent research shows a constant change and mythical creatures, probably from Charun is the guy who looks at you At the entrance you will find a and continuous further development of Cerveteri circa 600 BC. We can thank with piercing eyes. A red gemstone strange animal form on an elevated wide Etruscan art. The Romans appreciated the American philanthropist James Loeb hangs from his hooked nose. He has base. Lion, goat and serpent in one, this the Etruscans as guardians of religious for the stupendous bronze cauldrons on rings tattooed on each ear and thick eye- is the world-famous Chimera of Arezzo. knowledge, as interpreters of lightning tripods that came to Munich shortly brows. Be afraid of this head. Thus the It is only a bronze replica, which the omens, and ardent worshippers of divine after 1905. Dating from the 6th century Etruscans introduced the demon of curator Jörg Gebauer had specially beings. In Roman history they appear as B.C, they were acquired by Loeb 100 death. (see photo at top of page). made. While the original chimera in tyrannical kings, whose ouster made years ago south of Perugia. The caul- This mask-like face decorates an Arezzo wears an ancient green patina, room for the “res publica.” drons served at symposia to contain a unusual head-shaped vessel. It comes, the Munich copy comes in a high-gloss One can spend a long time in the mixture of water and wine. When it as do other such objects — bronze stat- polish. She is scheduled to stay here 12 well-labeled and well-stocked exhibi- came to political discussion, a sort of uettes, urns, terracotta votive offerings, months and lure people from wind and tion (with catalog). The viewer is wine spritzer was consumed. So clever grave stones, ornate pot-bellied vases, weather into the exhibition. charmed as he perceives objects of were those Etruscans, not to talk about Due to recent research a new light public and to Etruscologists. These important matters in a drunken state. has been shed upon the Etruscan collec- objects form an encyclopedic collection tion at the Antoine Vivenel Museum. of antiquities and curiosities amassed in The exhibition traces the journey of 100 the 19th century for pedagogical pur- objects from their daily usage at the poses. The diversity of the objects pres- time of the Etruscans to that of modern ents both the transition from the 8th to collectors. It is a journey to the heart of the 2nd c. BC and the reception in the this civilization at the crossroads of 19th c. AD of the fascinating material ancient Roman and Greek worlds. culture of the Etruscans and the pre- Voyage en Terre Etrusque The Musée Vivenel, famous for its Roman peoples of Italy. important collection of Greek and Italiot Centre Antoine Vivenel vases, houses a large number of Bronze votive helmet, satyr on Compiègne, France Etruscan and Italic works that until now candelabra, black figure plate June 20, 2015 to March 6, 2016. have been largely unknown both to the with dolphins. (Photos Christian Schryve) Page 18 Exhibition is underlined by the presence of two The Etruscans and wine iron axes, and elements of a currus (a at Rocca di Frassinello. type of chariot), rare vases of alabaster of Egyptian production, as well as Old and new research in the ceramics imported from the eastern necropolis of San Germano Mediterranean and Greece. by Biancamaria Aranguren, A large red-figure stamnos was and Luca Cappuccini, SBAT recovered in fragments from the north chamber of the tumulus and underwent On May 30, 2015, at the Rocca di a delicate restoration. It was potted and Frassinello Vineyards, Giuncarico painted in Athens around 480 BC. Its Gavorrano (GR), the archaeological use as container for wine is confirmed area of Rocca di Frassinello on the Reproduction of kantharos and cups, with originals in the cases. by the Dionysian procession decorating Etruscan necropolis of San Germano Chiton was created from stamnos dancers to produce the 3D figures. it, a worthy tribute to this precious opened to the public, while in a section drink. The idea of Italo Rota was to of the wine cellars designed by Renzo built between the second half of the 7th the preservation of perfumed oils for the extract the dancing figures from the ves- Piano, there was an exhibition featuring and the first half of the 6th century BC. body, and chalices and cups for the con- sel and cause them to exit the two- the archaeological finds from the Three of these monumental tombs have sumption of wine. There are also some dimensionality of their original medi- necropolis. The exhibit was inspired by been recovered and restored, and are the rare personal ornaments, such as um. The recreation the garments and a narrative centered on the use of wine focus of a site open to the public. brooches and earrings, mostly made of ornaments of the protagonists of the in the Etruscan period staged by the The exhibition of artifacts, curated bronze, but some also of precious met- Dionysian procession, thanks to 3D architect Italo Rota, creator of the wine by Biancamaria Aranguren and Luca als. technology, brought out the volume and pavilion at the Milan Expo. The exhibi- Cappuccini, presents many objects from A large tumulus at the necropolis of the movements of the figures within the tion allowed visitors the experience of the tombs of the archaeological area of San Germano that has a more complex confines of the circular path represented tasting wine in the same way as the Rocca di Frassinello. The tombs, structure than the others finds parallels by stamnos.

Exhibit designed by Italo Rota. Etruscan tomb at San Germano. 3D printed figures from stamnos. Red figure stamnos with dancers. Etruscans drank it. despite being violated in antiquity, still in the larger princely tumuli of The decoration of the stamnos The project focuses on the actual have objects that accompanied the Vetulonia. Plundered in ancient times, unfolds a story about wine, which rediscovery of the Etruscan necropolis deceased to the afterlife. They mainly the tomb has nonetheless yielded many already in Etruscan times constituted a of San Germano, one of the most impor- consist of fine painted ceramic vases finds that testify to its prolonged use status symbol. Wine consumption tant archaeological sites in the territory (Etrusco-Corinthian) and bucchero, from the late 7th to the 3rd century BC. occurred mainly on social occasions and of the ancient Etruscan town of ointment jars of various forms used for The high rank of the owners of the tomb took place according to precise rituals. Vetulonia, and was conceived with the Serving wine with spices in the style of an Etruscan symposium. Before the arrival of the Greek fashion, collaboration of the Archaeological which involved the use of a large pot for Superintendency of Tuscany, the faculty the dilution of the wine with water and of Etruscologia and Italian Antiquities at the mixture within large cups (the the University of Florence, and Paolo kylikes), in Vetulonia they were using Panerai, owner of the estate. He has vessels typical of local tradition. long made the Rocca di Frassinello a Evidence for this are the vessels found center of art and culture under the sym- in the trench tomb of tumulus 5 at the bol of wine, all under the auspices of the necropolis of Santa Teresa, a spot not far City of Gavorrano. from San Germano, dated to 630 BC. The Etruscan necropolis of San The monumental kantharos found there Germano, with its burial tumuli, extends was probably used to contain the wine, to both sides of the valley of Sovata, and which was then drawn and drunk from served as an important connecting route the bowls found around this large ves- in the territory of the ancient Etruscan sel. city of Vetulonia. In the area of the At the end of the exhibit’s course at archaeological site at Rocca di Rocca di Frassinello the public was Frassinello are a concentration of the given the experience of tasting wine in better known tumuli of the necropolis, vases whose shape reproduces that of Etruscan cups. (Photos Paolo Nannini). Page 19 of its occupants and a rich tomb group The Tomb of that originally contained, not only the Golden Leaves ceramics, but also metal vessels and New Discoveries from the gold personal ornaments (Fig.3). Among these were several lance-shaped Necropolis of Casenovole, leaves of thin sheet gold, perhaps part of Civitella Paganico (GR) a diadem. (Fig. 2) by Maria Angela Turchetti The tomb had been violated through and Paolo Nannini a long tunnel that pierced the ceiling of the chamber. The robbers removed The Etruscan necropolis of what was most likely placed on the left Casenovole is located less than 400 m. side and bottom platforms, as well as NW of Castle Casenovole on the south- possibly from the floor of the chamber, ern slopes of a hill in the Ombrone river perhaps even urns with their relative basin in Grosseto. The hill, where a late grave goods, since some fragments of Etruscan necropolis has been known stone urns were found in the tunnel dug since the beginning of the 20th century, by the robbers. lies next to a small and still active ceme- Fig.1 Chamber tomb with skeletal remains heaped to one side. The door of the tomb, a large rectan- tery, which shows that the area was used of this animal inside, has a low square globular terminal, and a gold ring were gular stone slab, with its crudely round- continuously for about 2500 years. burial chamber, a little more than a recovered. The gold ring for which the ed top, has remained in situ. Found on The area rests on an outcrop of ophi- meter and a half wide and high, oriented tomb is named, is a classic U-shaped the right side platform, apparently not olite, metamorphic rocks varying in north. Along the side walls are low plat- gold band with decorative edges; on disturbed, were the heaped skeletal color from light green to bluish green to forms on which were placed various each side is a palmette motif holding an remains of at least seven individuals onyx pseudo-scarab in the swivel. In 2011 came the discovery of the Tomb of the Three Eggs, which was intact and not violated in antiquity. Inside was a single cremation in an impasto olla, and a single black gloss askos, which allowed us to date the bur- ial to the 3rd-2nd century. B.C. The tomb belonged to an adult, perhaps Fig.2 Fig.3 Fig.4 male, and the discovery of three almost black. This loose bedrock determined globular jars and small stone urns of entirely preserved eggshells, suggested with the bones re-grouped and not the plan of the necropolis, which con- “pietra fetida” containing the cremated the name. The eggs were laid on the anatomically connected. This has led us sists of single rock-cut chamber tombs remains of the dead. One of these car- ground (possibly in a container of per- to assume that during the the first phase at various depths and preceded by a dro- ries an inscription with the Etruscan ishable material) near the urn. Quite of the tomb’s use the deceased were laid mos. family name ulfnei, otherwise unknown. exceptional is the state of conservation out on the funerary beds, and at a later The corresponding Etruscan settle- Found in the tomb’s dromos was a black of the eggshells, which can be interpret- time cremation and the use of urns took ment has not been located but it was gloss plate bearing an inscription with ed as an offering and funeral meal, but place. Thus we could attribute the relo- probably on the hill immediately to the the family name lechne, probably the also a symbol of life after death. The cation of the skeletal remains, in an SE, now occupied by the imposing owner of this tomb. egg is universally known to signify fer- orderly manner, onto the right side plat- medieval castle of Casenovole. It must In 2009, a second quadrangular tility, eternity and life energy. form of the chamber, so that the plat- have been on a north-south road of some chamber tomb was identified, larger In 2015 the necropolis of forms of the left and bottom could be re- importance, which connected the lower than the previous, datable to the late 4th Casenovole revealed yet more surprises. used for newer burials. plains of the Ombrone and the Bruna, /early 3rd century BC. This unfortunate- Another chamber tomb, (Fig.1) located Mainly only ceramic finds from the dominated by the important centers of ly had already been excavated and heav- near the Tomb of the Scarab, dates from tomb group have remained, including Vetulonia and Roselle on the Tyrrhenian ily disturbed. Recovered inside were between the 4th and the early 3rd centu- large overpainted red-figure skyphoi coast, with the internal settlements of bone remains from at least twenty-one ry BC. Though collapsed and particular- and craters from the Volterra workshops Murlo, Grotti, and Siena, and led on up burials. Outside the tomb, together with ly difficult to investigate because it was (Fig.4). Among the few surviving metal- to Fiesole and the Apennines. various ceramic fragments found in the dug into the natural rock bank at great lic finds were two of the three feet of a Between 2007 and 2015, the dromos, a few fragments of an iron can- depth and reachable through a long dro- cylindrical bronze cista with a profile- Soprintendenza of Archaeology of delabra, a gold tubular earring with a mos, it has yielded the inhumed bones plaque of a sprawled, banqueting Tuscany directed the excavation of the Silenus figure of very fine workman- Tombs of the Badger, the Scarab, the ship. (Fig.6) Three Eggs and the Golden Leaves, with The Soprintendenza of Tuscany, the the active support of the local Municipality of Civitella Paganico, the Archeological Association “Odysseus.” Odysseus association, and its president These tombs, of various sizes, all have Andrea Marcocci have all contributed to an access corridor (dromos) and an this important discovery. Archaeologists underground chamber, with benches Leonardo Berardi, Serenesse Schifano carved on three sides. and Maria Angela Turchetti (Fig.5) exca- The Tomb of the Badger, il Tasso vating the tomb. Anthropologist Stefano (see Etruscan News, vol. 9), which owes Ricci Cortili and Edoardo Lenzini also its name to the discovery of the skeleton Fig.5 Fig.6 contributed their efforts. (Photos Opaxir) Page 20 of the Etruscans, with the aid of multi- Etruscans @ EXPO, a medial installations and a three-dimen- “wunderkammer” in the sional holograph system. Google Glass made it possible to access extra digital University of Milan content that appeals to the senses. June-October, 2015 The itinerary of the installation offered the opportunity to admire the Etruscans@EXPO took place at the richly painted frescoes on the walls of exhibition that the city of Milano pro- three other painted tombs of Tarquinia moted in 2015, and was one of the and to access information, through events organized by the University of touchscreens, on food and related Milano. Located in historical heart of themes, such as environment, body care, Milan University and built by the customs and society. The entire presen- Architectural Studio of Kengo Kuma & tation can also be experienced on the Associates, Etruscans@Expo is a kind Interactive touch screens , holographic pyramids in “wonder room.” web via a special app. of super-technological “wonder room,” The idea of involving the interna- tions to the knowledge of Etruscan civi- Thus, the Etruscans become unique, a multimedial and multisensorial instal- tional public at Expo, and using the lization. exceptional mediators between the lation that leads visitors through an in- themes of an ancient culture as a gate to Reproduced in its natural size, the diversities of the contemporary world depth investigation of the central themes different worlds, arose from the experi- Tarquinia Tomb of the Funeral Bed and between the diversities of the of Expo2015, from food to environ- ence of the CRC “Tarquinia Project,” allows visitors to walk in the steps of an ancient and modern worlds in a person- ment, via the thousand-year-old culture organized by Giovanna Bagnasco explorer of former times and functions alized and engaging full immersion of the Etruscans and the convivial ritual Gianni. The project is renowned interna- as a conceptual voyage through history brought to life by exciting stories and of the banquet, which is its fulcrum. tionally for its fundamental contribu- and the present via the fascinating world images.

tor, to determine where the material was produced and isolate production processes. We’re also experimenting with some advanced imaging techniques (Polynomial texture mapping) to cap- ture fine-scale surface details of stamps and markings, and working with visiting scholars at the Reactor Center to study specific lead isotopes which may help Hidden Treasures separate compositional signatures other- Enel Green Power North sities and museums. The partnership wise too similar to reliably differentiate. America Unveils promotes the international exchange of of Rome Project All work is being done in continuing Second Phase of Hidden cultural values and technological inno- University of Missouri consultation with archaeologists from vation through access to never-before Museum of Art and Archaeology the Capitoline Museum by Museum Treasures of Rome Project studied or displayed collections of art- staff and MU faculty and students, and at the University of Oklahoma works and artifacts. The Museum of Art and all results will be fully shared and The announcement of the second Archaeology is partnering with the reported in the formats specified by our Enel Green Power North America phase of the project was celebrated with Capitoline Museum in Rome, the oldest Italian colleagues. Missouri was chosen expands Hidden Treasures of Rome the opening of the exhibition public museum in the world, to study for the pilot project because of the com- project to bring a selection of 20 Roman “Immortales: The Hall of Emperors of ancient Roman antiquities recovered bination of an accredited museum, doc- Emperor busts and undocumented arti- the Capitoline Museums, Rome,” at the from downtown Rome in the later 19th toral program in Classical archaeology, facts from the Capitoline Museums of Fred Jones Jr. Museum on the and early 20th century but never previ- and advanced archaeometric capacity Rome to the University of Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma campus. This ously studied or fully catalogued and and expertise; these resources allow The Hidden Treasures of Rome is a exhibition, will run through February described. Italy has never before iterative discussions between the indi- first-of-its-kind partnership between 14th, 2016 includes 20 Roman allowed such a project, and we are excit- viduals doing formal, XRF and NAA Enel Green Power, the Capitoline Emperors’ busts from the Capitoline ed to serve as the first venue for a proj- analysis to effectively address collabo- Museums, the City of Rome and some Museums that had been transferred for ect of this kind. As each group of rative research questions. of the world’s most high-profile univer- the first time across the Atlantic Ocean. objects is fully catalogued, documented In addition to the exhibit, the and analyzed it will be returned, and University of Oklahoma, through its another group of objects sent as the next department of Classics and Letters, and loan in an iterative project. in partnership with the Sam Noble The objects in the first batch are Museum of Natural History, will offer mainly Republican-era black gloss students and researchers a rare opportu- ceramics. Research includes analysis of nity to study, and catalogue for the first the stamps and markings, linking them time, a collection of 55 epigraphs and to published catalogues of maker’s- other materials from the Capitoline marks and stamps created, detailed sty- Museums’ Antiquarium. listic analysis, and detailed composi- Once the artifacts have been thor- tional analysis using X ray fluorescence oughly examined and catalogued, they spectrometry and neutron activation Some of the ceramics restored by students at University of Missouri. will be returned to Rome, ready to be analysis through the MU Research reac- displayed in major exhibits. Page 21 Buried Roman Our survey dig revealed three orders of amphitheatre found at seats that could accommodate about Volterra 10,000 people. They were entertained Discovery News by gladiator fights and wild beast bait- ing,” Elena Sorge, the archaeologist of Last July, workers on a waterway the Tuscan Superintendency in charge restoration project near the Diana Gate of the excavation, told Discovery News. on the north side of the ancient Etruscan By comparison, the Colosseum in Rome city of Volterra stumbled on the remains could seat more than 50,000 spectators of two walls 20 meters (66 feet) long. during public games. Archaeologists from the regional “The finding sheds a new light on the Superintendency were observing the history of Volterra, which is most works and took over when the ancient Excavations reveal the tiers and seats of the amphitheatre below. famous for its Etruscan legacy. It shows walls were found. Extrapolating from by Volterran native son and historian real amphitheater. (Photo by Opaxir) that during the emperor Augustus’s rule, the shape and direction of the structures Enrico Fiumi, who was actually a The discovery of the amphitheater it was an important Roman center,” she already unearthed, they dug test trench- trained economist, not an archaeologist, caused a stir, but there was no funding to added. es in two locations that would have and whose excavation team was com- continue digging. The city had to go Tuscany’s oldest continuously inhab- more walls if the building were, as they posed of patients from a local psychi- begging hat in hand to the local bank for ited town, Volterra was an important suspected, an amphitheater. Lo and atric hospital. The theater was partly sponsorship, which thankfully they urban center from the 6th century BC behold, they found exactly what they dug into the side of a hill in Greek fash- were able to secure. through the Renaissance; it fell under expected to find: two more masonry ion and seated 3500. Some of the seats In September 2015, archaeologists the Roman sphere of influence in the walls each ten meters long with a were found with the names of the most found two rows of steps and additional 3rd century and under direct Roman marked elliptical curve. prominent local families. A large section architectural features: a large carved control in the 1st century BC. Although Calculating from the established cur- of the two-level skene (the building block that was part of the cryptoporticus there’s never been any doubt that it vature, the building is an oval 80 meters behind the stage) 50 feet high survives. roof and the base of an entrance arch. retained its cultural and political signifi- (262 feet) long by 60 meters (197 feet) There is some mention in 15th and 16th Like the ancient Etruscan city walls, cance in the imperial era, the discovery wide, which is a pretty massive structure century sources of an amphitheater in these features are made of a porous of a second much larger public enter- for people to forget ever existed. Volterra, but the writers were considered sandstone native to the area called tainment complex possibly from the 1st Volterra already has one Roman theater less than reliable on the details and panchina, which is soft and easy to work century A.D. indicates the city was more from the late 1st century BC, early 1st thought to have been referring to the but hardens when exposed to the air. prominent and more populated than his- century AD that was discovered in 1950 theater Fiumi discovered rather than a “This amphitheater was quite large. torians realized. Power and Pathos: were destroyed, sometimes hacked to tion by local authorities. Several works lennia the cradle of empires and con- pieces by crowds angry at a deposed or on view in “Power and Pathos” are also flict. Bronze Sculpture of the conquered leader, more often repur- relatively recent discoveries, including Although thousands of ancient Hellenistic World posed into new sculptures, or weapons the bronze head of a man wearing a dis- bronzes were made, only a few hundred National Gallery of Art, or household implements. tinctive flattened cap found off the survive, and seeing them together is a Washington, DC The losses were enormous, and yet island of Kalymnos in 1997. Kalymnos rare opportunity to explore Greek art at December 13, 2015 – March 20, 2016 ancient bronzes are still being found was, more recently, the site of a ship- its most exuberant, daring and down-to- today. In 2013, a fisherman claimed to wreck that cost the lives of at least 18 earth. Marble was the preferred medium Most of the extant bronze statues find what appeared to be a remarkably migrants or refugees from the crisis in for the gods, and reverent depictions of from the ancient world exist today intact ancient bronze statue off the coast Syria, a reminder that ancient trade the dead; but bronze, malleable and because at some point they were lost of the Gaza strip, and “The Apollo of routes are still active waterways, con- impermanent, was ideal for human and forgotten, at sea in shipwrecks, in Gaza” appeared for sale, briefly, on necting East and West, and the diverse form. And during the Hellenistic Age, collapsed buildings or fires, or in the eBay before being seized for investiga- cultures of the Mediterranean, for mil- the possibilities of bronze were pushed deluge of the volcano that destroyed Aule Meteli, Seuthes III, victorious athlete and man in a hat from Kalymnos. to new limits, in portraiture that cap- Pompeii and Herculaneum. Safely tured not just the ancient ideal of beauty, stored in oblivion, they were then dug but also the reality of aging, the corrup- up by farmers, art scavengers or archae- tion of power, the dissolution of wealth, ologists, or recovered by divers or fish- and the impertinence of youth. “Power erman. A new exhibition at the National and Pathos” brings the Greek world Gallery of Art gathers together about a alive. quarter of what has survived. “Power “Power and Pathos: Bronze and Pathos” surveys the work of the Sculpture of the Hellenistic World” was Hellenistic Age, when artists achieved organized by the National Gallery of astonishing virtuoso feats with the Art, Washington; the J. Paul Getty metal, which could be worked into more Museum, Los Angeles; and the agonized, ecstatic and dynamic forms Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi, Florence. than marble. This exhibition features works from Bronze is a valuable metal, and eas- world-renowned archaeological muse- ily repurposed. The Roman bronzes of ums in Austria, Croatia, Denmark, the Pantheon, for example, were melted France, Georgia, Great Britain, Greece, down and cast into cannons and the Italy, Spain, and the United States. great gilded bronze baldacchino of the Bank of America is the national sponsor Vatican. Thousands of ancient bronzes of this touring exhibition. Page 22 Helga Di Giuseppe (AIAC), “Il pensum femminile nel primo millennio a.C. La città che produce: primi dati per una CONFERENCES con l’epinetron il fuso e la conoc- ricerca di archeologia della pro- chia.” duzione a Cerveteri, Vincenzo (Università di Torino, Università di Stella Spantidaki (ARTEX), “From Bellelli; Cambridge), “Tessuti dalla Tomba Mater Graecia to Magna Graecia: Attività artigianali a Tarquinia: gli dell’Aryballos sospeso, Tarquinia.” Textile Production in Iron Age spazi, le strutture e i prodotti, Margarita Gleba, Ilaria Menale, Carlo Greece.” Matilde Marzullo, Claudia Piazzi; Rescigno (Università di Cambridge, Karina Grömer (Naturhistorisches Vulci, artigiani in città. Un excursus Università di Napoli 2), “Sepolture Museum Wien), “Who produced sulla storia delle scoperte e cumane ad incinerazione con resti di textiles – for whom and what for? ricerche, Simona Carosi; stoffe.” Iron Age Textile Production in Le attività artigianali nel territorio vul- Jo Cutler (Università di Cambridge), Austria and neighbouring coun- cente: la Valle dell’Albegna e “Tools for textiles: textile technolo- tries.” Marsiliana, Andrea Zifferero; gy and textile production at Poggio Fabienne Medard (Maison des Sciences La gestione degli spazi urbani: artigiani Civitate, Murlo in the 7th and 6th de l’Homme, Paris), “First Iron age e metallurgia del bronzo e del ferro centuries BCE.” textile production in France: state of a Populonia, Valeria Acconcia, G. Bagnasco Gianni, M. Cataldi, G.M. the art.” Matteo Milletti; Facchetti (Università di Milano), Ulla Mannering (Museo Nazionale di Luoghi di produzione urbani tra “Segni iscritti su strumenti per la Danimarca), “The 1st Millennium Bologna e Marzabotto, Giulia tessitura: novità da Tarquinia.” BCE Cloth Culture in Denmark.” Morpurgo; Giovanna Gambacurta (Polo Museale Direct, indirect or just circumstantial? del Veneto), “’Un telaio per la Dea’” Assessing archaeological evidence – Strumenti da filatura e tessitura dal for ceramic production in ancient Convegno Internazionale Santuario di Reitia a Este.” Satricum, Martina Revello Lami, L’archeologia del tessuto: Eva Andersson Strand (Università di Marijke Gnade; produzioni e contesti nel I Copenhagen), “Experimental L’artigianato ceramico a Neapolis in archaeology in textiles in the 21st età ellenistica: topografia delle pro- millennio a.C. century.” duzioni, Daniela Giampaola, 11 February 2016, Museo Nazionale Vanessa Forte Cristina Lemorini Stefania Febbraro, Lydia Pugliese. Etrusco di Villa Giulia (Università di Roma La Sapienza), Poster Session 12 February 2016, l’Accademia “State of the art of trace analyses on Roma di Danimarca ceramic tools used in textile activi- Produzione ceramica a Roma tra VI e V ties during the 1st millennium BCE secolo a.C. Stato della questione e Valentino Nizzo (Direzione Generale in Italy.” prospettive di ricerca, F.R. Fiano. Musei), “Trame d’identità. Il filo del Elena Ciccarelli, Assunta Perilli Il santuario e la fornace. Riflessioni discorso tra museografia, antropolo- (Officina Temporis; La Fonte della sulle origini della produzione vasco- gia e archeologia.” Tessitura), “Sulle tracce di un filo: lare urbana di età mediorepubbli- Simona Carosi (SAR-LAZ), “Materiali prove di filatura con repliche di cana, A.F. Ferrandes. per un racconto archeologico. Il fuseruole etrusche.” Gli artigiani e la città La lavorazione delle materie dure progetto del nuovo allestimento del Flavia Carraro (Università di animali a Roma: dalla manifattura Museo Nazionale del Castello Copenhagen), “The ancient textile Officine e aree produttive all’utilizzo, G. Soranna. dell’Abbadia di Vulci.” artisan and the expert. Tradition, tra VIII e III sec. a.C. nell’ Romae ne fuit quidem aurum. Indagine Patrizia Petitti, Romina Laurito (SAR- innovation and processes.” Italia centrale tirrenica preliminare sulla produzione di LAZ; Università di Copenhagen), E. Catalli, M. Corrente, A. Di Giovanni, January 11, 2016 oggetti in metallo a Roma fra i “La filatura e la tessitura nella M. R. Giuliani, M. Laurenti, M. British School at Rome Tarquini e la Media Repubblica, G. palafitta di Molina di Ledro. Appunti Pastorelli (Istituto Centrale del Bison. sullo strumentario ligneo.” Restauro), “I manufatti tessili prove- Conference presentations Il paesaggio produttivo e commercial di Rita Cosentino, Romina Laurito (SAR- nienti dalle necropoli in contrada Officine e artigiani di età regia, Paolo Roma dall’VIII al III sec. a.C., G. LAZ; Università di Copenhagen), Cavallerizza a Ordona (Herdonia).” Carafa; Fatucci. “Le fini tessitrici dell’antica Caere.” Maria Rosaria Luberto, Francesco Meo Gli artigiani e Roma tra alta e media età Veio Jacopo Tabolli (Trinity College), “Il (Università di Firenze; Università repubblicana, Antonio F. Ferrandes; Veio, la più antica attività produttiva, F. rosso dei Falisci: dall’impasto ai tes- del Salento), “Produzioni tessili Il pianoro di Veio: il quadro topografico Biagi, F. Boitani, S. Neri. suti.” sulla costa ionica della Calabria in della produzione, Roberta Cascino; Lo strumentario da fornace da Veio, Alessandra Piergrossi, Alessio De periodo arcaico: l’esempio di Evidenze di attività produttive nel dis- Piano di Comunità, B. Belelli Cristofaro (CNR), “L’abito fa il Caulonia.” tretto meridionale di Veio: indagini Marchesini, A. Di Napoli. monaco: considerazioni storiche e Alessandro Quercia (SAR-PIE), in corso, Barbara Belelli La produzione di terrecotte architet- antropologiche sul costume fem- “Textile production and technologi- Marchesini; toniche nel santuario di Porta Caere minile medio-tirrenico tra l’VIII e il cal changes in the archaic societies Dall’interno della chaine opératoire: a Veio, M.T. Di Sarcina. VII secolo a.C.” of Magna Graecia. The case of Torre attività produttive tra pubblico e pri- Le attestazioni dalla necropoli veiente Margarita Gleba (Università di Satriano (Lucania, Italy).” vato a Falerii dall’età tardo arcaica di Macchia della Comunità, G. di Cambridge), “Textiles in pre- Christian Heitz (Università di al periodo ellenistico, Maria Galante, T. Magliaro. roman Italy: from qualitative to Innsbruck), “Evidence for textile Cristina Biella, Maria Anna De Testimonianze di attività produttive di quantitative approach.” production from Ripacandida and Lucia, Laura M. Michetti, età medio-repubblicana dallo scavo Alessandro Mandolesi, Margarita Gleba Ascoli Satriano (Southern Italy).” Piergiuseppe Poleggi; di Veio Campetti, A. Jaja, E. Cella. Page 23 Falerii University) Dimitrios Paleothodoros (University of La città e gli edifici pubblici: matrici di Session 3: Textiles and dress Thessaly), “Ionian and other terrecotte architettoniche da Falerii, Margarite Gleba (University of Anatolian Influences on Etruscan M.C. Biella, C. Carlucci, M.A. De Cambridge), “Textile cultures of Black-Figure Vase-Painting.” Lucia, L.M. Michetti. Etruria and Anatolia.” Tyler Jo Smith (University of Virginia), Gli strumenti della produzione cerami- Gretchen Meyers (Franklin and “Connectivity in motion: dancing ca: appunti per uno studio tipologi- Marshall College), “Craft, gender figures in Anatolia and Etruria.” co, M.C. Biella, L.M. Michetti et and identity: visual representations Discussant: Maurizio Harari (University alii. of women and textiles in ancient of Pavia) Periferie Produttive: Nuovi dati sulle Etruria and Anatolia.” Session 7: Myth, iconography, and aree produttive alle porte di Narce, Tuna Şare Ağtürk (Çanakkale Onsekiz terracottas J. Tabolli. Mart University), “Anatolian fash- Jean MacIntosh Turfa (University of Caere ion in Etruscan clothing.” Pennsylvania Museum), “Etruscan Indicatori di produzione metallurgica Discussant: Larissa Bonfante (New lightning and Anatolian images.” dall’area della Vigna Parrocchiale, International Workshop York University) Nancy Winter (University of California, V. Bellelli, G. Trojsi. and Symposium Session 4: Funerary monuments Santa Barbara), “Terracotta crafts- Cerveteri: Cave a cielo aperto nell’area Material Connections and Fernando Gilotta (Seconda Università di men from Asia Minor in Southern Urbana, R. Mitro, Y. Salvadori. Napoli), “Between material culture Etruria and Latium, 540-510 BCE.” Un atelier per la produzione dell’impas- Artistic Exchange: and funerary ideology. Some Ingrid Krauskopf (Universität to rosso decorato a cilindretto a The case of Etruria and remarks from South Etruria.” Heidelberg),“Pyrgi and the crook, Piana di Stigliano (Canale Stephan Steingräber (Università degli some reflections on possible ways of Monterano), A. Zifferero. Anatolia Studi Roma Tre), “Rock tombs and transfer.” Produzioni ceramiche nell’Etruria May 19-21, 2016 Monuments in Southern Etruria and Lisa Pieraccini (University of interna: i crateri in impasto rosso, Anatolia: Typology, Chronology, California, Berkeley), “Chasing the A. Naso, A. Zifferero. May 19, British School at Rome Ideology - Differences and Common dog in Etruria and Anatolia.” Vulci Keynote lecture: Alessandro Naso Elements.” Luca Cerchiai (University of Salerno), Due matrici tardo-arcaiche da Vulci. (Consiglio Nazionale delle Elizabeth Baughan (University of “The myth of the eastern origin of Ricerche in corso, A. Conti. Ricerche), “From East to West and Richmond), “Funerary beds and the Etruscans through some icono- Impianti produttivi nell’area di Porta Beyond” couches in Etruria and Anatolia.” graphic documents from the Archaic Ovest, G. Pocobelli. May 20, Villa Giulia Museum Bilge Hürmüzlü and Mehmet Özhanlı period.” Impianti produttivi e di “immagazzina- Session 1: Theoretical frameworks (Süleyman Demirel University), Discussant: Ingrid Edlund-Berry mento” nell’area di Pozzatella, E. Tamar Hodos (University of Bristol), “Guardian of tombs from Anatolia to (University of Texas, Austin) Eutizi. “Bridging cultures in the past and Etruria, and a Pisidian sphinx.” Il quartiere artigianale presso “la present.” Discussant: Alessandro Naso (Consiglio valle,” S. Carosi, C. Regoli. Nassos Papalexandrou (The University Nazionale delle Ricerche) Un nuovo contributo da Regisvilla, C. of Texas at Austin), “The role of May 21, Villa Giulia Museum Regoli. Greek sanctuaries as nodes of mate- Session 5: Wall painting Un’area produttiva lungo la costa vul- rial and artistic interaction between Susanne Berndt-Ersöz (Stockholm cente nella prima età del Ferro: il Etruria and Anatolia.” University), “Wall paintings from sito di Duna Feniglia, F. Rossi, N. Francesco de Angelis (Columbia Gordion in their Anatolian context.” University), TBA Cornelia Weber-Lehmann (Institut für Negroni Catacchio, M. Cardosa. Conference Attività metallurgica nella fortificazione Jessica Nowlin (Brown University), Archäologische Wissenschaften und ellenistica di Ghiaccio Forte “The long shadow of ‘orientalizing’: Kunstsammlungen der Ruhr- The State of the Samnites (Scansano, GR), M. Firmati. the political context and motivations Universität Bochum), “Traces of Royal Netherlands Institute in Rome Spina behind an art historical term and the Ionian artists and Anatolian subject January 28-30, 2016 Le officine mutevoli, Analisi spaziale e search for Etruscan origins.” matters in Tarquinian Late Archaic riesame delle evidenze produttive Discussant: Bruno D’Agostino wall painting.” As the most notorious opponents to nel porto adriatico di Spina (V-III (University of Naples) Stella Miller (Bryn Mawr College), Rome on Italian soil, the people referred sec. a.C.), L. Zamboni, C. Buoite. Session 2: Luxury metals and furni- “Painterly Issues between Etruria to as Samnites in the literary sources Area pontina ture and Anatolia.” have always occupied a special position Challenges in the study of rural pottery Annette Rathje (University of Discussant: Mario Torelli (University of in scholarship on ancient Italy and early production: a view from the Pontine Copenhagen), “Consumption of lux- Perugia) Roman expansionism. The prominence region, G. Tol, B. Borgers, T. De ury items and the life-style of the Session 6: Pottery and vase-painting of Samnium and the Samnites in classi- Haas. elites.” Theresa Huntsman (Harvard cal studies is primarily due to Livy’s Elizabeth Simpson (Bard Graduate University), “A tale of two buccheri: impressive account of the Samnite Center), “Wooden furniture from the use of the term ‘bucchero’ in Wars. Historiographical research over Verucchio and Gordion.” ceramics of the eastern and western the last few decades, however, has led to Susanne Ebbinghaus (Harvard Mediterranean.” a more nuanced and variegated picture University), “What’s in a Shape? Michael Kerschner (Austrian of the conflict and its protagonists. Drinking and Serving Vessels in Archaeological Institute, Vienna), Recent studies have begun to ques- Anatolia and Etruria.” “The Swallow Painter and his tion the historical role of “the Alexis Castor (Franklin and Marshall Eastern Aegean roots. The relations Samnites,” and have indeed tended to College), “Male ornaments in East between Etruria and the Eastern deconstruct notions of strong Samnite and West.” Aegean in the 7th century BC revis- socio-political cohesion and organiza- Chimera heels for the beast in u. Discussant: Gregory Warden (Franklin ited.” tional capacity as well as its archaeolog- Page 24 ical visibility. Insight into Samnite “L’emporion arcaico: Gravisca e il suo cohesion, organizational power and santuario,” M. Torelli; demography are important not only to “Pontecagnano e quadro generale del appreciate the functioning of a distinc- mondo etrusco – campano,” L. tive societal configuration in challeng- Cerchiai; ing environmental conditions, but it also “Il santuario di Fortuna e Mater Matuta has crucial implication for our under- nel Foro Boario: aspetti politicoreli- standing of early Roman imperialism. giosi tra età monarchica e repubbli- As yet, these developing theoretical cana,” P. Brocato; positions have remained partly isolated “Roma: Valle del Colosseo, Palatino from very exciting new archaeological nord - orientale tra età regia e prima evidence. repubblica (VI -V secolo a.C.),” C. This conference aims to open up the Panella, S. Zeggio; C.I.V.I.A discussion on these contested issues by “Nuove ricerche nel santuario extraur- “The Amber Routes” discussing these new archaeological bano di Fondo Iozzino a Pompei,” Republic of San Marino findings and novel views on the existing M. Osanna, C. Pellegrino. April 14-16, 2016 evidence. January 23, 2016 3rd International Conference Program “Su alcuni spazi sacri ateniesi e il loro on the Ancient Amber Roads January 28, 2016 rapporto con assetti urbanistici e isti- “The Commericial Roads” Session 1: Socio-political and adminis- La città etrusca e il sacro tuzioni politiche,” E. Greco; 1st International Conference on trative organization of the Samnites. “Santuari e organizzazione urbana nelle Cities along the Amber Roads Session 2: Hill forts and Urbanism Santuari e istituzioni politiche città achee della Magna Grecia,” F. January 29, 2016 21-23 January 2016 Longo; The International Research Center for Session 3: Samnite expansion Dipartimento di Storia Culture “Santuari e luoghi di culto preromani the Study of Ancient Roads and the Session 4: Sanctuaries in Samnium Civiltà, Aula Prodi - Piazza nell’Italia medio – adriatica,” G. Ways of Communication among peo- January 30, 2016 San Giovanni in Monte 2, Bologna Tagliamonte; ples (C.I.V.I.A.) has organized the 3rd Session 5: Samnite Settlement and “La terminologia etrusca per “santu- Annual Conference on Amber Routes. Material Culture January 21, 2016 ario” e i suoi riflessi istituzionali,” Forty speakers will represent twenty- Session 6: Roman expansion in “Veio: dal culto aristocratico al culto G. Colonna. eight countries from “Amberland,” Samnium poliadico,” G. Bartoloni, D. Oltre ai relatori parteciperanno: C. Latvia, Lithuania; from countries along Sarracino; Ampolo, D. Briquel, G. the Amber Route, Poland, “Ritorno a Pian del Monte. Nuovi dati Camporeale, B. d’Agostino, C. Czechoslovakia, Slovakia, Bulgaria; dall’abitato di Verucchio,” P. Pouzadoux. and at the end of the route, Italy and Rondini, L. Zamboni; Greece. Speakers from Italy will include “Verucchio: spazio abitativo e spazio Nuccia Negroni Catacchio with rituale in un contesto di formazione Francesca Galli, Andrea Montanaro, protourbana avviata, ma non ancora and Simona Rafanelli. Joan Todd and compiuta,” M. Harari; Larissa Bonfante will represent the “Santuario dell’acropoli di Volterra: United States. The proceedings of this l’articolazione strutturale,” L. tourismA year’s topic, “The Commercial Roads,” Rosselli, E. Taccola; Salone Internazionale will be published. The program includes Lectures “Santuario dell’acropoli di Volterra: i dell’Archeologia an audience with the Presidents of the “L’ombra degli Etruschi” culti,” M. Bonamici; Firenze - Palazzo dei Congressi Republic of San Marino at the Palace of Museo di Palazzo Pretorio “Il sacro in Etruria: dentro e fuori la February 19-21, 2016 the Government, visits to the Piazza del Comune, Prato città,” A. Maggiani. Archaeological Museum and the city of April 2, 2016 January 23, 2016 Organized by the archaeological San Marino, and the archaeological site L’area pratese-pistoiese in età etrusca, “Tra Caere e Pyrgi. I grandi santuari journal, Archeologia Viva, twenty con- of Verucchio. www.civiaricerche.net Giovannangelo Camporeale. costieri e la politica di Caere,” M.P. ferences and workshops , with over two April 16, 2016 Baglione, L.M. Michetti; hundred speakers. Keynote speaker, In Memoriam Norma Il territorio in collina: Artimino, “Orvieto, Campo della Fiera: forme del Andrea Carandini, will deliver a lectio Wynick Goldman Maria Chiara Bettini. sacro nel ‘luogo celeste,’” A. magistralis on the origins of Rome. PCS Classical World April 30, 2016 Giacobbi, S. Stopponi; Minister of Culture, Dario Franceschini, Fashion and Design La diffusione della scrittura nell’Etruria “La dimensione del sacro nella città di will present the Premio “R. Francovich” Funded by a generous Program Settentrionale: una storia misconosciu- Kainua – Marzabotto,” E. Govi; to the film director Pupi Avati. Many Grant from The Classical Association ta, Adriano Maggiani. “La città e il sacro in Etruria padana: riti workshops, lectures, and sessions are of of the Atlantic States, the May 14, 2016 di fondazione e assetti urbanistico – special interest to our readers, for exam- Philadelphia Classical Society, in Dall’Etruscheria all’Etruscologia: istituzionali,” G. Sassatelli; ple: partnership with Bryn Mawr College, l’Accademia di Cortona, il collezionis- “Lo spazio del sacro e la città: Cuma e Cultura Villanoviana: Nuovi dati dalle hosted the fourth Classical World mo e l’uso “pubblico” della cultura, Capua,” C. Rescigno; necropoli di Verucchio. Fashion & Design Show dedicated to Paolo Bruschetti. “Il contesto di Fratte,” A. Pontrandolfo; I Longobardi dall’Italia al Patrimonio the memory of Norma Goldman on May 22, 2016 “Il santuario dell’Ara della Regina di Mondiale. Storie di archeologia, December 18, 2016. Students were Documentary film: La musica perduta Tarquinia. I templi tra sacro e isti- integrazione e divulgazione. encouraged to design costumes based degli Etruschi, Simona Rafanelli, tuzioni politiche: un rapporto tra Vestire l’antico. Materie prime, tessuti on classical models. The event was Stefano Cocco Cantini. forma ed essenza,” M. Bonghi all’alba della storia. held at Bryn Mawr College. info: www.palazzopretorio.prato.it Jovino; [email protected] www.tourisma.it Page 25 Valeria D’Atri, Andrea Babbi Call for Papers ([email protected]) April 1. (Soprintendenza Archeologia del Magic Attached to the abstract should be: Lazio e dell’Etruria Meridionale/ Construction and Perception the title of the paper; the chosen area; a Römisch-Germanisches Zentral- short biography of the authors; email museum Mainz), Le case (e i of the Magic World from address and phone number. palazzi?) di Bisenzio. Una ricerca Antiquity to Our Times Papers may be written and presented multidisciplinare per l’antico cen- Museum of Religions “Raffaele in English, French, Italian and Spanish. tro; Pettazzoni” The acceptance of papers will be Elisabetta Govi (Università degli Studi Velletri (Rome) communicated only to the selected con- di Bologna). L’architettura domesti- June 14-18, 2016 tributors by April 10, 2016. ca di Marzabotto tra vecchi scavi e Please send the complete paper not nuove indagini; This congress aims at investigating later than June 1. The delivery of the Andrea Gaucci (Università degli Studi the concept of “magic” on the basis of paper is required to participate in the di Bologna), Nuovi studi sull’ “isola- the historical data at our disposal and conference. to Mansuelli” di Marzabotto (Regio according to the development of Important deadlines: IV, Insula I); Western thought. Therefore, different Closing for call for papers: April 1, Anthony Tuck (University of kinds of documentation relating to 2016. Massachusetts Amherst), The three beliefs and rituals will be the object of Admission: April 10, 2016. phases of the Etruscan Palace of our investigation. Delivery of paper: June 1, 2016. Poggio Civitate (Murlo); In particular, papers could deal with Conference: June 14-18, 2016 XXIII Convegno Internazionale di Giovannangelo Camporeale the following topics: There is no attendance fee. The par- Studi sulla Storia e l’Archeologia (Accademia dei Lincei), Dalle case 1. The origin of the concept of ticipants who do not live in Rome or dell’Etruria dell’Accesa: tra sopravvivenze aris- “magic” and its development in Western surroundings will be accommodated in Dalla capanna al palazzo. tocratiche e innovazioni democra- thought. hotels and bed-and-breakfasts which Edilizia abitativa tiche; 2. The nature and scope of the have an agreement with the Museum of nell’Italia preromana Armando Cherici, Dalla casa al palazzo sources at our disposal as documenta- Religions Raffaele Pettazzoni to offer (e ritorno): armi e armerie; tion for this topic. discounted prices. Maurizio Harari (Università degli Studi 3. The specific terminology of the Papers will be published on Religio. di Pavia), Nota sulle indagini in sources in relation to the ritual sphere Collana di Studi del Museo delle December 11 corso nell’abitato villanoviano di and experts of magic; also, the terminol- Religioni“Raffaele Pettazzoni” Giovanni Colonna (Accademia dei Verucchio; ogy used for supernatural entities and (Edizioni Quasar), and in specialized Lincei), Dalla casa al tempio; Paola Desantis (Soprintendenza conceptions of the cosmos. journals. All the papers will be peer- Francesco Roncalli (Università degli Archeologia dell’Emilia Romagna), 4. The ritual practices that in the reviewed. Studi di Napoli “Federico II”), Gli Etruschi fra Reno e Setta: il sources are related to the sphere of For information, email: Abitare il palazzo, abitare il tempio: nuovo insediamento de La Quercia; magic. [email protected] riflessioni su un rapporto antico; Maria Chiara Bettini (Istituto Nazionale 5. Historical or mythical personali- Elena Calandra (Soprintendenza di Studi Etruschi e Italici), Strutture ties, which in the sources are related to Call for Papers: Archeologia dell’Umbria), L’attività abitative nell’insediamento d’altura the magical world. Classical Association of the Atlantic della Soprintendenza Archeologia di Pietra Marina; 6. Objects, which, in the sources, are States and Classical World dell’Umbria nel 2015. Carlotta Cianferoni (Soprintendenza presented as tools in magical activities. 2016 Annual Fall Meeting, December 12 Archeologia della Toscana), 7. The history of studies. October 20-22, 2016 Claudia Piazzi (Università degli Studi di Capanna o palazzo? Una scoperta Papers focusing on single, specific The Heldrich Conference Center, Milano), Considerazioni sulle strut- recente nello Spedale di Santa cases and not related to the general aim New Brunswick, New Jersey ture in abitato di epoca villanoviana Maria della Scala a Siena. of the congress will not be accepted. in Etruria; December 13 The workshop is structured into six We invite individual and group pro- Stefano Bruni (Università degli Studi di Vincenzo D’Ercole, Oliva Menozzi research areas: posals on all aspects of the Classical Ferrara), Alle origini dell’icono- (Direzione Generale Archeologia, 1. Egypt and the Ancient Near East World and Classical reception, and on grafia della casa; Ministero Beni Culturali e (coordinator: Rita Lucarelli, University new strategies and resources for Alessandro Naso, Vincenzo Bellelli, Ambientali/Università degli Studi of California, Berkeley) improved teaching. Especially welcome Laura Ambrosini (Istituto di Studi “G. D’Annunzio” di Chieti– 2. Classical antiquity (coordinator: are presentations which aim at maxi- sul Mediterraneo Antico del Pescara), Strutture abitative Sabina Crippa, Università Ca’ Foscari di mum audience participation and inte- C.N.R.), Edifici a più piani nell’Abruzzo preromano; Venezia) grate the interests of K-12 and college nell’Italia medio-tirrenica in epoca Gianluca Tagliamonte (Università degli 3. Medieval period (coordinator: faculty, and which consider ways of preromana; Studi del Salento), Edilizia domesti- Carla Del Zotto, Sapienza Università di communicating about ancient Greece Adriano Maggiani (Università degli ca nel Sannio preromano; Roma) and Rome outside of our discipline and Studi di Venezia), Urne cinerarie a Francesco D’Andria (Università degli 4. Modern era (coordinator: Marina profession. We hope to include an forma di casa in età post-classica; Studi del Salento), Insediamenti e Caffiero, Sapienza Università di Roma) undergraduate research session featur- Letizia Arancio, Marco Pacciarelli case della Messapia arcaica; 5. Contemporary era (coordinator ing presentations based on outstanding (Soprintendenza Archeologia del Stephan Steingräber (Università degli Silvia Mancini, Université de Lausanne) term papers, senior theses, or other Lazio e dell’Etruria Meridionale Studi di Roma 3), Architettura aris- 6. History of Studies (coordinator scholarly projects. /Università degli Studi di Napoli tocratica nella Daunia. Il caso di Paolo Scarpi, Università degli Studi di All participants and those who sub- “Federico II”), Recenti scavi al Arpi: confronti con i modelli greco- Padova) mit proposals must be current members Poggio di Sermugnano: l’evoluzione macedoni. Please send a one-page abstract of CAAS. (The membership year is delle forme edilizie tra le età vil- (max 2.000 characters) to Igor Baglioni, September 1-August 31.) lanoviana e arcaica; the director of the museum, Page 26 The Department of Classical & LECTURES & SEMINARS Oriental Studies, Hunter College The 75th Annual Josephine P. Accordia Lectures Earle Memorial Lecture Friday, May 15, 2015 2015 – 2016 “The Women of Poggio Colla: Discerning Gender in an Etruscan December 1, 2015 Sanctuary” Accordia Anniversary Lecture Ann R. Steiner Sanctuaries and states in the archaic Shirley Watkins Steinman Professor of Workshop Mediterranean and beyond Classics, Franklin and Marshall The Cup of Dionysos Greg Woolf, Director, Institute of College A new paradigm for Classical Studies the kantharos Pre-lecture reception 4:00-4:30 January 19, 2016 AIA Society: Ottawa Award ceremony 4:30-5:00 April 22, 2016 Hungry humans eating thirsty ele- Pirates of Populonia? The Lecture 5:00-6:00 Columbia University phants: human-proboscidean interac- myth of Etruscan piracy Post lecture reception 6:00-6:30 tions in the Italian Lower Palaeolithic The history of the ancient kantharos, Giovanni Boschian, University of Pisa in the Mediterranean which raises many questions for classi- cal scholars, will be the subject of a February 16, 2016 by Jean MacIntosh Turfa small but sharply focused workshop Venus Envy: investigating the terracot- Edward J. Bader Lecture planned for April 22, 2016. ta figurines from the Lago di Venere, Carleton University The kantharos in Attica is a rather Pantelleria November 8, 2015 Carrie Murray, Brock University rare form, always exceptionally well- modeled and decorated. During the first March 1, 2016 Abstract: quarter of the 6th century BC, this com- Supplying Rome between the 4th and Certain Greek authors told tales of plex shape, characterized by an open 6th centuries AD. Results of recent Etruscan pirates, painting them as the truncated cup, two elegant high handles, excavations at the Portus Romae villains of the Mediterranean; they were and a tall flaring foot, appears in the Simon Keay, Southampton University later echoed in macabre Roman narra- Attic black-figure repertoire, and soon and British School at Rome tives. Certainly Etruscan shipbuilding after, the vase appears in Attic iconogra- May 3, 2016 and seafaring in the Italian archipelago phy as an attribute of the Greek god On the edge of Etruria: early were at a high technical level as early as Dionysos. The sudden appearance of Etruscans in the Apennines the 9th-8th centuries BC, when some Hair in the Classical this shape in Attic pottery has been Phil Perkins, The Open University ship-owners were even women. And World explained by the influence of an older certain traditions of shipbuilding used in Etruscan bucchero vessel type, the most Etruria could be conducive to operations An Interdisciplinary Symposium important Etruscan pottery artifact to by freebooters and marauders. But there November 6, 2015 travel widely in the Western is just as much – perhaps more – evi- Fairfield University Mediterranean and the Aegean before dence of Greeks preying upon Etruscan the middle of the 6th century BC. It was merchant shipping, and a number of his- Program the Greek world that copied the torical parallels to suggest that the Dr. Robert Koehl, Hunter College, City Etruscan rather than vice versa, an pirates were in fact not Etruscan at all! University of New York, “Hair and unusual situation. (A version of this presentation was Coming of Age Rituals in the Most Etruscologists agree with this International Symposium delivered as the Haynes Lecture at Aegean Bronze Age.” hypothesis, and further evidence of Purpureae Vestes Oxford University, May 6, 2015.) Dr. Mireille Lee, Vanderbilt University, “Reflections on Mirrors and Hair Etruscan influence has surfaced. At the 20-22 October 2016 Dressing.” same time, a number of new questions Ms. Lillian Stoner, Institute of Fine have been raised. How do we explain The Symposium will take place at Arts, New York University and The the fact that similar shapes existed dur- the University of Padua in Padua (20 Metropolitan Museum of Art, ing the Mycenaean period, and that sim- October), at the Museo Nazionale “Mourners, Maenads, and Madness: ilar variants exist in Attic Geometric Atestino in Este (21 October) and at the ‘Crazy Hair’ on Greek Vases.” productions? Why would Dionysos be Museo Nazionale Altinate in Altino (22 Ms. Janet Stephens, Baltimore hair- connected with a foreign vase shape? October). It will focus on the role of dresser and forensic archaeologist of Do Near Eastern kantharoid vases play a textile production and dyeing in the eco- ancient hairstyles, “In comis veritas: role? Or was the Etruscan kantharos cre- nomic activities of the various ancient the Visual Language of Ancient ated as a local form to replace/compete cultures of the Mediterranean area. We Roman Hairstyles.” with the Greek wine cup? Study and dis- particularly welcome synthesizing Dr. Eve D’Ambra, Vassar College, cussion of older and new data on the papers that use textile evidence to “Statuesque Hair in the Roman kantharos will allow us to suggest a new understand wider economic develop- Empire.” paradigm of the form and its history, and ments of ancient Mediterranean soci- Dr. David Konstan, New York lead us to a better understanding of the eties. As in previous symposia, howev- University, “Hairdos…and Don’ts: intercultural relationship between er, presentations of new finds are wel- Some Views from Classical Greece and Etruria during a long come as well. Just out, by Dominique Briquel. Literature.” chronological span. Page 27 ANNOUNCEMENTS JOURNALS Dominique Briquel In the Journals awarded prize Alexander P. von Helden, “Mastoi.” “Cultori di Roma” Kölner und Bonner Archaeologica. On April 21, 2015, the Istituto KuBA 2 / 2012, 31-56. Nazionale di Studi Romani recognized The article takes up the subject of the work of Dominique Briquel, award- this special form of Corinthian and Attic ing him the prize “Cultori di Roma.” breast-shaped vase, which has rarely Dominique Briquel has written on the been discussed in the literature. Etruscans and the origins of Rome, showing how the historical narratives on Alexander Naso, “Amber for Artemis. the overthrow of the kings of Rome and Preliminary Report on the Amber the capture of the city by the Gauls in Finds from the Sanctuary of Artemis at Ephesos.” Jahreshefte des 390 BC were modeled on myth of Indo- taught Latin there before being appoint- Fabio Colivicchi, Guest Editor, European origin. He also wrote on the ed professor at the University of Dijon Österreichischen archäologischen Etruria in the Third to First Century institutes in Wien 82, 2013, 259-278. last pagans of the Roman empire, who from 1984 to 1996, then director of B.C.E.: Political subordination and sought an affiliation with what remained studies at the EPHE in faculty of histor- Abstract: More than 700 amber cultural vitality, Special Issue of objects have been found in the sanctuary of the Etruscan religion, particularly ical and philological sciences, and pro- Michael L. Thomas, ed., Etruscan through the prophets and the sacred fessor of Latin at Paris-Sorbonne of Artemis at Ephesos, all around the Studies, Volume 18, Issue 2 (Nov temple area. Two large assemblages Etruscan texts. Dominique Briquel stud- University from 1996 to 2014. 2015). ied at the Ecole Normale Supérieure and have been discovered deposited in the Articles of interest: rectangular foundations built of green “Etruria in the Third to First Century schist slabs (called the “earlier basis” by B.C.E.: Political Subordination and the excavator D.G. Hogarth) in the inte- Cultural Vitality. Forward to Volume rior of the second temple of Artemis 18.2,” Michael L. Thomas and (Naos 2, Hogarth’s “temple B”), built in Gretchen E. Meyers. the second half of the 7th century B.C. “Epigraphy in a Changing Society: and both have been interpreted as foun- Etruria, 301–300 B.C.E.,” Enrico dation deposits. Originally, the amber Benelli. artefacts were either individual items or Tarquinia’s Port site of “Inscribed Identities: Figural Cinerary parts of other objects such as belts, tex- Urns and Bilingualism in Late Gravisca Wins Shanghai tiles and fabrics. The systematic study Etruscan Funerary Contexts at of the amber objects was begun in 2010 International Award Professor Lucio Fiorini recieves Chiusi,” Theresa Huntsman. as a collaboration between the Austrian The sanctuary emporium of award in Shanghai for his work “Greek Myths on Etruscan Urns from Archaeological Institute and the Gravisca, the port of Tarquinia, has won at Gravisca. He was accompa- Perusia: the sacrifice of Iphigenia,” Institute of Archaeologies of the the Shanghai Archaeology Forum award nied by Professor Mario Torelli. Chiara Pilo and Marco Giuman. University of Innsbruck. Here, a prelim- as being among the ten most important Originally built on a square plan, the “Religion and Industry at Cetamura del inary overview of the results is present- archaeological discoveries in the world. sanctuary was enlarged and transformed Chianti in the Late Etruscan Period,” ed. Professor Lucio Fiorini of the into a rectangular structure. Among the Laurel Taylor. Department of Civil and Environmental finds were valuable Attic pottery of the “Ritual and Industry in the Late Gabriele Cifani, “Il sepolcro dei Engineering at the University of Perugia 6th century and a patrician domus of the Etruscan Period: The Well at Cacni a Perugia. Ideologia e cultura is directing the research, in collabora- Imperial age with a small bath. In the Cetamura del Chianti,” Cheryl L di una famiglia aristocratica tra tion with the Archaeological courtyard of the domus was found the Sowder ellenismo e romanizzazione.” Superintendency of Lazio. The excava- hoard of 147 coins of the 5th century, “After the Fall: Caere after 273 B.C.E.,” Römische Mittheilungen 121 (1915) tion was entered in the Field Discovery hidden during the barbarian invasions. Fabio Colivicchi. 125-176. category and Fiorini was awarded for “Etruscan Tombs in a ‘Roman’ City: the Abstract: “The Tomb of the Cacni at New Officers of the US Section Necropolis of Caere between the the methods applied and the results of the Istituto di Perugia. The Ideology and Culture of an obtained. The ceremony took place on Late Fourth and the First Century Aristocratic Family between Hellenism December 14, 2015, in Shanghai, China. Studi Etruschi ed Italici B.C.E.,” Maria Raffaella and Romanization” discusses the The Etruscan site of Gravisca is on President: Francesco de Angelis Ciuccarelli. archaeological remains of an important Columbia University Hellenistic funerary hypogeum recently the edges of the environmental park of Adolfo Ajelli, tombe di Tarquinia. Le Saline. It was a thriving port in the Vice President: Nancy de Grummond discovered in Perugia (central Italy). trade with the eastern Mediterranean Florida State University The entire context dates from the begin- until its destruction during the barbarian Secretary: Lisa Pieraccini ning of the 3rd and the first half of the invasions of the 5th century AD. The University of California, Berkeley 1st century BC; the hypogeum con- sanctuary at the emporium was founded Treasurer: Jean MacIntosh Turfa tained one sarcophagus, 22 cinerary in the 6th century BC. It was an interna- University of Pennsylvania urns of travertine, and a rich tomb tional religious center dedicated to three Honorary Founding President: group. Two urns feature a very sumptu- goddesses: Hera, Aphrodite and Larissa Bonfante New York University ous high-relief, polychromous, and Demeter, venerated as their Etruscan Editor in Chief of Etruscan News: gold-plated decoration, depicting the equivalents: Uni, Turan and Vei. Jane Whitehead, Valdosta State University myth of Oenomaus and a Page 28 Centauromachia. The chronological ly that this damnatio memoriae was the sequence of the urns, together with the BOOK REVIEWS result of acrimony, and was intended evidence of 17 funerary titles, reveals effectively to castigate Valeria in perpe- the history, identity, culture, and ideolo- Brief Book Reviews interplay between different emerging tuity….” Perhaps she had remarried and gy of a local aristocratic family, in par- edited by Larissa Bonfante research areas that are currently isolat- was buried elsewhere, and had quarreled allel with the economic and political ed. (From the publisher’s website). with her children? Michael Peachin’s effects of Roman expansion. (For the own epigraphical skill and his students’ discovery, see Etruscan News XI). hard work tease out fascinating stories from these stones. LB Carlotta Viti. “On Etymology and Lexical Categorization in the Ancient Indo-European Languages.” International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction 11 (2014): 1-31. Abstract: This paper discusses some general problems of etymology and lex- icology in the ancient Indo-European (IE) languages; it takes into account both theoretical and empirical aspects. Theoretically, our aim is to revise the negative reception that etymology, as cultivated by ancient grammarians, has usually encountered in modern linguis- tics by considering the broad cultural Tesse D. Stek e Jeremia Pelgrom, Michael Peachin, ed. Greek and Latin context in which ancient folk etymolo- Roman Republican Colonization. New Inscriptions at New York University. gies were produced. Empirically, we Perspectives from Archaeology and Studia Archeologica 199. Publications Anton Bammer and Ulrike Muss, investigate the taxonomies underlying Ancient History. Rome, Palombi of the Center for Ancient Studies, Bernstein für die Göttin. Die Funde the lexicon in the ancient IE languages, Editore, 2014. New York University, Volume II. der Jahre 1987-1994 aus dem which turns out to be less hierarchical Roman colonization has been seen Rome, L’Erma di Bretschneider, Artemision von Ephesos. Anodos. than in many modern IE languages. As as a primary model for colonization and 2014. Supplementum 6. Universitas an example of this, we will consider the colonialism in more recent historical This is the second catalogue of the Tyraviensis. Facultas Philosophica. lexicalization of color in antiquity. We periods. The most comprehensive study study collection of antiquities of the Trnava 2014. will see that this flat categorization also on Roman colonization remains Edward Classics Department of New York This important publication includes influences the substantially synchronic Togo Salmon’s Roman Colonization University. It is in effect a companion to the catalog and full discussion of the type of etymology practiced in the under the Republic (1969). In the almost the first, edited by Larissa Bonfante and finds from the 1987-1994 season of the ancient world, which was based on a 50 years since the publication of Blair Fowlkes Childs, Classical Austrian excavation. The date is late series of similarities among lexemes Salmon’s seminal book many crucial Antiquities at New York University 7th century, and there are many compar- placed on the same cognitive level. revisions have been proposed for differ- (2006). Both volumes were written by isons with Italian finds, from Verucchio, ent aspects of the traditional view of graduate students, and contain some sur- Vetulonia, Osteria dell’Osa, and other M.P. Baglione, B. Belelli Roman colonization. Despite the obvi- prises and several connections with Villanovan or Archaic sites. Two Marchesini, C. Carlucci, M.D. ous importance of these new studies, other smaller study collections. A human heads (Cat. Nos. 20-21) are par- Gentili, L.M. Michetti. “Pyrgi: A their impact on our general understand- Praenestine cippus of the first half of the ticularly appealing, with their sharply Sanctuary in the Middle of the ing of Roman colonization and their third century BC is similar to one at the defined features, and sharp, protruding Mediterranean Sea.” In Sanctuaries deeper significance for understanding American Academy in Rome, while nose; a convincing Daedalic parallel is and the Power of Consumption. Roman imperialism has yet to be fully fragments of the epitaph No 11 seem at with the head of the bronze sphyrelaton Networking and the Formation of appreciated. The increasing fragmenta- some point to have been at Johns head of the Artemis from Dreros. LB Elites in the Archaic Western tion of the research field is an important Hopkins University, and were apparent- Mediterranean World, Wiesbaden reason that an overarching, radically ly brought to NYU when Ralph Van 2015, 221-237. new, understanding of Roman republi- Deman Magoffin moved from can colonization has not, as yet, been Baltimore to take up the chairmanship at Kaius Tuori and Laura Nissin, brought forward. Issues that are central NYU. Two copies of the Consular Fasti eds. Public and Private in the Roman to the character of Roman colonization from Teanum Sidicinum found in 1904 House and Society. JRA Supplement are studied in separate disciplines and brought to the American Academy 102, 2015. including Roman historiography, urban at that time are now in the Olcott collec- The volume, which is based on the archaeology, architecture studies, land- tion of Columbia University and NYU, workshops of their Helsinki research scape archaeology, Roman religion respectively. It is not clear who made project from 2012-2014, includes con- studies and Roman law. This volume them, nor how they got here. The tributions by K. Tuori, H. Fertik, E. M. brings together recent insights from a favorite of students was long the monu- Steinby, A. Russell, L. Bablitz, M. range of different academic traditions, ment of L. Gellius Felix, where the third Perry, S. Speksnijder, L. Nissin, S. lifting language and cultural barriers. By line, which once recorded the name of a Simelius, F. M. Green, R. Cribiore, J. presenting both new theoretical insights woman, Valeria Onomaste, was erased Hilder, and A. Wallace-Hadrill. and new archaeological discoveries, it in antiquity. “Given that the name can explores the potentially productive still be read, it would appear highly like- Page 29 Francesco de Angelis. Miti greci in tombe etrusche. Le urne cinerarie di William Furley, Victor Gysembergh, Chiusi. Rome, Accademia Nazionale Reading the Liver. Papyrological Texts dei Lincei. Monumenti Antichi, 73. on Ancient Greek Extispicy. Studien Rome, Giorgio Bretschneider, 2015. und Texte zu Antike und Christentum, Well worth waiting for, this is a 94. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2015. major corpus on the model of the great 19th and early 20th century collections Reviewed by L. Bouke van der Meer, — Gerhard for Etruscan mirrors, Leiden University Rodenwaldt and Matz for Roman sar- ([email protected] ) cophagi, Arndt-Amelung for ancient sculpture, or Brunn-Körte on these very Did Greek hepatoscopy originate from urns. Hellenistic urns from Chiusi, Mesopotamian practice? At first sight, Volterra and Perugia bear relief decora- this seems unlikely, as Greek seers (after tion, mostly mythological scenes, on the c. 530 BC) first checked for the pres- front of the caskets, and on the lids, the ence or absence of the kephale (head; likenesses of men, women, and (less also called lobos). Etruscan haruspices often) children. They are frequently did the same with the caput (head), inscribed. Long scorned, neglected as Michael L. Thomas and Gretchen according to Etruscan representations un-classical, mass-produced, and esthet- Meyers, eds., with Afterword by and Classical authors…1 ically inferior objects that filled shelf Stephan Steingräber, ed. L’Etruria I.E.M. Edlund-Berry. Monumentality The question of origin has been dealt after shelf of the museums of these meridionale rupestre. Atti del in Etruscan and Early Roman with by several scholars who did not inland cities, they came into their own Convegno Internazionale: L’Etruria Architecture: Ideology and Innovation. pay attention to the contents of three after the war, when Italian scholars’ rupestre dalla Protostoria al Medioevo. Austin, University of Texas Press papyri from Roman Egypt: preference for “material culture” as Insediamenti, necropoli, monumenti, 2012. P.Ross.Georg. I 21 in Moscow (2nd c. against artistic excellence caused them confronti. Rome, Palombi Editori, Reviewed by Gabriele Cifani, JRA 27 AD), P. Amh. 14 in New York (4th c. to be appreciated. There was a flurry of 2014. (2014) 517-520. AD), and PSI 1178 in Florence (1st c. publications in the 70s, and new muse- The conference was held at AD), all published in the first half of the um installations made them more under- Barbarano Romano and Blera in This interesting collection of papers 20th century. They contain fragments of standable from the point of view of October 2010. Various scholars con- was planned for the 2009 annual meet- Greek manuals of hieroscopy, to judge craftsmanship as well as iconography. tribute essays placing the monuments ing of the Archaeological Institute of from the word hypomnema (notice) The later, second or even first century found in this characteristic landscape of America to honor the Etruscologist I. mentioned in the Amherst text. urns were made of tufa or terracotta, south-central Etruria in the wider con- Edlund-Berry. In the central Tyrrhenian Now these texts are the focus of the while the earlier, more carefully worked text of the Mediterranean, from prehis- area, monumentality is the fil rouge fascinating book, Reading the Liver, by urns (third century-first half of second toric times down to the Middle Ages. linking experiences of architecture from William Furley and Victor Gysembergh. century BC) are of alabaster. (The “Uno dei territori più singolari e the Orientalizing phase to the Middle In the Introduction they define Greek alabaster, exported from Volterra to suggestivi dell’Italia centrale è senza Republic… hieroscopy as a pseudo-science, proba- Chiusi and Perugia, still provides the dubbio la zona delle necropoli rupestri Overall, the collection offers new bly acquired from Mesopotamia. raw material for the craftsmen of the dell’Etruria meridionale interna. ideas, especially on the political strug- According to Walter Burkert, it was modern city). They thus offer a variety L’incontro fra opera umana, con le sue gles fought by the élite and on their self- exported by wandering seers (via of information, iconographical (Greek forme evocatrici e i suoi tagli a volte representation through the medium of Cyprus), and according to Mary R. and local, or at least Etruscan themes), immani, e la materia naturale cosi lavo- public and private architecture over a Bachvarova, it was transmitted from epigraphical, prosopographical, social, rata; il fascino selvaggio dei luoghi, period of four centuries. Above all, the Anatolia to Greeks in Cilicia (Telmessa) historical, and more. The volume is a ancora in parte (ma per quanto?) vergi- book challenges the traditional and eth- and Cyprus (see below). Then Homer’s treasure house of information. It con- ni, e il contrasto cromatico tra la vege- nocentric notion of separate develop- thyoskooi, Attic vases (c. 530 – 490 BC) sists of an Introduction, on “Urns, tazione e i rossi vivi e i grigi caldi del ments in architecture between Romans showing almost identical scenes of myths, an cultural identity,” and six tufo: l’impressione di fantastici miraggi and Etruscans during the Archaic peri- hepatoscopy,…2 chapters: 1. Etruscan urns and the icono- di città del passato che sembrano sorg- od… Further, the authors shed light upon graphic tradition; 2. Urns from Chiusi: ere tra le macchie dell’addensarsi delle the symbolic language of the papyri. chronology and historical context; 3. sagome delle tombe intagliate: tutto Battle scenes; 4. Conflicts between questo rappresenta una delle più tipiche brothers and brotherly friendship; 5. manifestazioni di simbiosi fra archeolo- Notes: Youth at risk; 6. The family, power, and gia e paesaggio, che si conoscono nella 1. For the origins of Mesopotamian and other themes on urns from Chiusi. There nostra penisola.” (Massimo Pallottino – Etruscan hepatoscopy, see V. Bellelli/ follow a conclusion, a remarkably com- 1970). M. Mazzi, Extispicio. Una “scienza” plete, up to date Catalogue, Index and divinatoria tra Mesopotamia ed Etruria. plates. LB Roma 2013, reviewed by the present author in BABESCH 89 (2014) 246-247. “Haruspices in Berlin” or reading reading their book intends to 2. The core of the images is a standing, the liver with Eva Cancik- use it as an instruction manual nude pais holding an ox liver in both Kirschbaum and Professor. into the ancient art of hands and opposite him a hoplite (not a Christoph Markschies’ PhD hieroscopy (p. 1). No one? mantis!). See J.-L. Durand et F. Students. Authors Furley and Lissarrague, “Les entrailles de la cité,” Gysembergh assume that no one (Photo, Christoph Markschies). Hephaistos 1 (1979) 92-108.

Page 30 Szilàgyi contributed to two interna- BOOK ANNOUNCEMENTS OBITUARIES tional corpora, the Corpus of Etruscan Mirrors (CSE, Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum), and the LIMC (Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae). He wrote about many differ- ent subjects, among them the theater, Classical literature, and the history of the collections of Classical antiquity in Hungary, including a remarkable book about a remarkable story, In Search of Pelasgian Ancestors (2004). Living in Hungary during the Soviet period was not easy. Szilàgyi chose to work in the museum instead of the uni- versity because there he was allowed Janos György Szilàgyi more freedom. He was able to travel 1918 - 2016 because he had a cousin in Italy who A remembrance by Larissa Bonfante helped him; otherwise he would not have been able to leave his country. When my professor, Otto Brendel, I find it impossible to write anything introduced me to Janos Szilàgyi during but a personal memory of someone I so one of the great Hungarian scholar’s admired and yes, loved. I am happy that trips to New York, he told me that I was able to visit him, a few years ago, Etruscologists were relieved and grate- in the antiquities galleries of the ful to him for having taken on the defin- Museum of Fine Arts, where he worked itive study of Etrusco-Corinthian ware, well into his nineties, and where he was a difficult task, which included the labo- clearly revered. Janos showed me, and rious job of distinguishing Corinthian my colleague, Matthias Recke, the pots imported into Italy from their local Etruscan objects, and then, with a proud Francesco Meo, L’attività tessile a Rachel Mairs and Maya Muratov. imitations. Szilàgyi’s 1992 work on this smile on his face, took us to see “my Herakleia di Lucania tra III e II secolo Archaeologists, Tourists, Interpreters. ware is cited as the standard study in my Liebling,” a large Etruscan relief from a.C. Rome, Scienze e Lettere. 2015. Exploring Egypt and the Near East in pottery Bible, R.M. Cook’s Greek Chiusi. ( Below Janos and his Liebling). the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries. Painted Pottery. His book sits happily in Patrizia von Eles, Laura Bentini, Bloomsbury Egyptology. London, my bookcase, where I look at the enig- Paola Poli, and Elena Rodriguez, eds. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. matic narrative of what might be the Immagini di uomini e di donne dalle “This interesting and accessible representation of a human sacrifice (see necropoli villanoviane di Verucchio. book presents both new and little- drawing below). Atti delle Giornate di Studio dedicate known information on the social history And I remember our various meet- a Renato Peroni. Verucchio, 20-22 of dragomans and interpreters in Egypt ings, at Convegni of the Istituto di Studi aprile 2011. 1985-2015: Una storia and Mesopotamia in the late 19th to Etruschi in various cities in Italy. Once lunga 30 anni. early 20th centuries and casts light on my husband, Leo Raditsa and I, drove the Anglo-American aversion to learn- him back part way as far as Venice, and Emma Blake, Social networks and ing Arabic and Turkish that made them we became friends. He talked politics regional identity in Bronze Age Italy. necessary. Mairs and Muratov excavate with Leo, whose articles on post-war His colleague at the Museum and Cambridge: Cambridge University new archival sources…” (Susan Hueck Europe he had read and admired. He mutual friend, Szilvia Bodnar, wrote me Press, 2014. Allen, from the website). was patriotic – he disapproved of a to tell me the very sad news: “Our dear Reviewed by Francesca Fulminante, young friend who had left Hungary for friend Janos passed away on January Antiquity, 89 (348) December 2015, Forthcoming: the US and then Australia. He should, 7th. The last two weeks were painful but 1518 – 1520. Corinna Riva, A Short History of the he said, stay in Hungary and make it a before that he did not lose anything of http://journals.cambridge.org/abstra Etruscans. London, I.B.Tauris, 2016. better place. He published his Selected his personality, was reading several ct_S0003598X15001660 The author describes the birth, Works in Hungarian; some of the arti- hours a day and talking to friends who growth and demise of this fascinating cles had originally been written in visited him.” enigmatic people, whose nemesis was Italian or English. Brita Alroth and Charlotte Scheffer, the growing power of Rome. Exploring eds. Attitudes towards the past in anti- the ‘discovery’ of the Etruscans from the quity: creating identities. Proceedings Renaissance onwards, she discusses the of an international conference held at Etruscan language; the 6th- century Stockholm University, 15-17 May BCE growth of Etruscan cities and 2009. Acta Universitatis Mediterranean trade; their religion, ritu- Stockholmiensis. Stockholm Studies als and burial sites; and the fatal incor- in Classical Archaeology, 14. poration of Etruria into Rome’s political Stockholm: Stockholm University, orbit. (From the website). 2014.

Page 31 The Tomb of the Pulfnas: were members of the Chiusine aristocra- Intact tomb discovered cy in the Hellenistic period, together with a small group of families with at San Donnino, whom they had close family ties. Città della Pieve (PG) Scarpignato thinks that this could be the (adapted from interviews with oldest attestation of the gens pulfna and Clarita Natalini, Marisa Scarpignato) its discovery in Città della Pieve could indicate its precise origin. On October 25, 2015, a farmer The last artifact was removed from plowing his field near Città della Pieve, the main chamber on November 28, a small town 30 miles southwest of 2015. The large three-ton travertine sar- Perugia in central Italy’s Umbria region, cophagus, with the lid still sealed, was opened a hole in the earth. When he stuccoed and retains traces of painted peered inside, he saw the carved head of letters on the cover (photo bottom). a man with his arm extended holding a Removing it from the small space was a plate. The farmer had stumbled on an challenge that required special expert- Etruscan tomb from the late 4th century Aule Pulfna Peris, one of the clan from Città della Pieve. ise. Perugia’s fire fighters lifted the sar- BC, and the man with the outstretched located and removed the dirt from the aged during one of the collapses. cophagus using air-filled pontoons. It long dromos (photo at left), and found Archaeologists have recovered the frag- heavy travertine double doors guarding ments, and are restoring them. the chamber. The doors were carefully Apart from grave goods, which removed for study and in order to give include pottery, miniature votive vases, the team a large enough opening to a strigil and an olpe of bronze, two remove the contents of the tomb. intact storage vessels, a large Greco- One of the two sarcophagi had a Italic amphora and a double-handled long Etruscan inscription on the side, olpe, the archaeologists found four large (see below) translated as “Laris Pulfnas burial urns with cremated remains. son of Arnth.” On one of the large bur- The urns are made of fine-grained ial urns was inscribed “Aule Pulfna alabaster; three of the urns are finely Peris,” now adopted as the name of the sculpted. The lids portray the half-naked tomb, since it likely refers to the person deceased wearing flower garlands and laid to rest inside the urn. At the foot of reclining on two cushions as if at a ban- the long sarcophagus was a statue head quet. They all bear a patera, a shallow arm was on the lid of a funerary urn. was then pulled out through the dromos, The hole was covered and the which is less than a meter wide. Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali All of the contents of the tomb have dell’Umbria alerted to the find. The city been moved to the Museo Civico di police and Carabinieri secured the site, Santa Maria dei Servi for conservation. and set a guard there overnight to keep Tissue, bones and ashes will be ana- people of greedy intent away from the lyzed at University of Pavia’s Etruscan tomb until the Soprintendenza was able DNA database. A December town meet- to dispatch an archaeological team. The ing packed the house, as citizens were following day, regional archaeologist treated to a lecture on the tomb, and Clarita Natalini, suspended from a rope, broken at the bottom of the neck. It ritual offering dish, in their right hands. were shown its contents. The adminis- lowered herself into the hole and found depicts a bald adult male, and still Natalini has concluded that the use traion of Città della Pieve has estab- she was in a small space about 3 by 3 retains traces of the original poly- of alabaster, the style of the burial, and lished a tax deductible program for chromy, even in the pupils of the eyes. clues from the inscriptions suggest that Found outside in the right-hand the burial belongs to an aristocratic fam- chamber off the dromos were fragments ily from the nearby Etruscan stronghold of a sarcophagus composed of the same of Chiusi. The Pulfna Peris family is stone as the head. This sarcophagus already known from the later 2nd c. BC also had an inscription, but it was dam- Tomba del Granduca of Chiusi, who

meters containing at least two cinerary patrons though Art Bonus. Citizens can urns and two sarcophagi. help fund and participate in the recov- The tomb was full of soil and debris ery, restoration and exhibition of the from an ancient collapse. Natalini, with finds from San Donnino. a team led by archaeologist Marisa This is the first time that an intact Scarpignato, decided to begin their tomb complex has been recovered at excavation from the entrance point into Città della Pieve as a result of a scien- the tomb rather than starting from the tific stratigraphic excavation. cluttered burial chamber. They then (3 top photos Opaxir) (0ther photos SBAU). Page 32