Miami Region

The Miami region has two central cities, Miami and Fort Lauderdale. The region’s central cities have a substantial number of economically expanding neighborhoods. In Miami proper, 22 percent of residents live in a strongly expanding area. The population of those areas, which include downtown, Brickell, Edgewater, and Wynwood, has grown by about 40 percent since 2000. Nonetheless, net displacement of low-income families has not occurred in Miami, where low-income population has continued to grow in gentrifying neighborhoods. Displacement has also been low in Fort Lauderdale.

However, these two cities constitute a small share of the region’s population, and decline and poverty concentration have been the predominant trend in other regional communities. Overall, about a fourth of regional population, and a third of low-income population, lives in a strongly declining area. By comparison, regionwide, about 7 percent of both groups live in strongly expanding areas. In the suburbs, those declining neighborhoods have experienced strong white flight, losing 194,000 white residents since 2000, while adding 135,000 Hispanic residents and 76,000 black residents. The low-income population of these areas has grown 224,000 over the same span – a 47 percent increase – even while overall population has grown by less than 1 percent.

Regional Total Population: 5,926,955

Regional Low-Income Population: 2,270,425

Regional Nonwhite Population: 4,013,772

Central City Population: 603,894

Central City Low-Income Population: 306,054

Central City Nonwhite Population: 471,607

NET DISPLACEMENT (Low-Income Change in Tracts with Strong Expansion, 2000-2016)

Central City: No net displacement (+1,842)

Suburbs: No net displacement (+7,203)

NET CONCENTRATION (Low-Income Change in Tracts with Strong Decline, 2000-2016)

Central City: 13,859

Suburbs: 223,792

1 DETAILS ON TABLES

The following tables depict aggregated population and housing change in two categories of neighborhoods across the metropolitan area, its central cities, and its suburbs. The categories are:

• Economically expanding neighborhoods, which are those experiencing the kind of population changes associated with growth and displacement. These are neighborhoods where the low-income* share of population has fallen since 2000 (indicating that an area has grown less poor overall) and the absolute number of non-low-income residents has grown since 2000 (indicating that middle-income residents see the area as an attractive place to live). • Economically declining neighborhoods, which are those experiencing the kind of population changes associated with abandonment and poverty concentration. These are neighborhoods where the low- income share of population has grown since 2000 (indicating that an area has more less poor overall) and the absolute number of non-low-income residents has fallen since 2000 (indicating that middle-income residents do not see the area as an attractive place to live).

Two variants of this measure exist, and a separate table is provided for each. They are:

• In the upper set of tables, a strong, narrow measure, which only includes census tracts that have a change of +/-5 percent or greater in low-income population share, and a change of +/-10 percent for non- low-income population. This approach classifies fewer neighborhoods overall, excluding areas with only small changes in their income profile. This is the more robust and preferred measure. It is also the measure used in the accompanying maps. • In the lower set of tables, a weak, broad measure, which includes all census tracts with any change that meet the criteria for the two categories above, with no cutoffs for scale. This approach classifies more neighborhoods overall, but is noisier, because it includes tracts with very small population changes. In addition, because this report relies on American Community Survey sampling data with margins of error, this measure is more likely to include erroneously classified tracts. However, this broad measure can provide a useful outer estimate of the scale of neighborhood economic expansion and decline.

Three sets of tables are provided. They are:

• Figures for the entire metropolitan region, aggregating central cities and suburbs into one set of tables. • Figures for central cities. • Figures for suburban areas, defined as any area in the metropolitan region not included in a central city. This includes incorporated and unincorporated communities.

Each table depicts the number of people in each of the two neighborhood categories, both overall and in various population subsets. It also shows the number of housing units of various types in each neighborhood category.

• 2016 Share indicates what share of the regional, city, or suburban population of a given group live in expanding or declining tracts. The box is shaded in accordance with the size of the share. • 2016 Total indicates the absolute number of individuals in a given group that live in expanding or declining census tracts. • Net Change since 2000 indicates the change of population of a subgroup in expanding or declining tracts since 2000, both in percentage and in absolute terms. These have been colored to indicate the type of change. In economically expanding tracts, green indicates net growth while blue indicates net displacement. In economically declining tracts, red indicates net poverty concentration while purple indicates net abandonment. Darker shades indicate larger percentage changes.

* For the purposes of this report, “low-income” is classified as individuals at 200 percent of poverty line or less.

2 DETAILS ON MAPS

Neighborhood change has also been mapped by individual census tracts, incorporating the same data used to create the tables above.

The map incorporates the strong measure of neighborhood change used to create the tables. In the maps, tracts have been subdivided into four categories:

• Economically expanding areas with low-income displacement, indicated in blue, where a neighborhood’s income profile is improving while low-income population declines on net. These are typically places undergoing changes traditionally associated with gentrification, in which economic pressures push out lower incomes while higher income residents arrive. • Economically expanding areas with overall growth, indicated in green, where a neighborhood’s income profile is improving while low-income population increases on net. These are typically places with significant new housing construction, where residents across the income spectrum are arriving. • Economically declining areas with abandonment, indicated in purple, where a neighborhood’s income profile is worsening while low-income population declines on net. These are typically places experiencing the worst neighborhood economic decline, with people across the income spectrum leaving and outright depopulation occurring. • Economically declining areas with poverty concentration, indicated in red, where a neighborhood’s income profile is worsening while low-income population increases on net. These are typically places where higher-income flight and eroding housing stocks are causing rapid demographic and economic transition, contributing to the impoverishment of the area.

The categories are also shaded to indicate the scale of low-income population change within the census tracts.

The maps allow intra-regional comparisons of observed neighborhood change. However, because these classifications have been made using American Community Survey data with margins of error, precise measures are not possible and it is likely that some individual tracts are erroneously classified. As a consequence, readers are advised to focus more on clusters of tracts undergoing similar changes rather than individual outliers, particularly outliers with smaller-scale changes.

3 TABLES FOR METROPOLITAN AREA - Miami Region

ECONOMICALLY EXPANDING NEIGHBORHOODS ECONOMICALLY DECLINING NEIGHBORHOODS

Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Experiencing Strong Economic Expansion Experiencing Strong Economic Decline (Miami Metro) (Miami Metro)

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 6.9% 407,962 45.5% +127,656 TOTAL 25.9% 1,533,295 0.9% +14,107 Low-Income 6.6% 149,616 6.4% +9,045 Low-Income 33.5% 760,303 45.5% +237,651 Poverty 7.5% 72,970 2.1% +1,476 Poverty 33.0% 323,349 53.0% +112,067 Extreme Poverty 8.0% 31,991 -6.1% -2,088 Extreme Poverty 32.2% 129,452 36.1% +34,358 American Indian 7.0% 456 6.0% +26 American Indian 29.3% 1,911 -17.5% -406 Asian 6.4% 9,016 134.1% +5,165 Asian 19.7% 27,599 24.3% +5,403 Black 8.4% 100,789 6.2% +5,912 Black 28.8% 345,628 28.9% +77,582 Hispanic 6.8% 175,676 80.6% +78,405 Hispanic 27.6% 709,748 24.9% +141,615 White 6.0% 114,624 48.0% +37,164 White 22.2% 425,298 -32.0% -199,939 College-Educated 8.1% 102,523 174.7% +65,195 College-Educated 19.6% 246,966 22.3% +44,969 Non-College 6.4% 187,366 26.6% +39,392 Non-College 28.7% 841,206 -0.3% -2,927 Families 6.7% 42,127 18.1% +6,465 Families 25.1% 158,280 -17.2% -32,817 Families in Poverty 6.7% 8,104 -22.3% -2,325 Families in Poverty 33.7% 40,756 35.2% +10,620 Non-Poor Families 6.7% 34,023 34.8% +8,790 Non-Poor Families 23.0% 117,524 -27.0% -43,437 Single Mothers 7.3% 5,126 -22.2% -1,462 Single Mothers 33.8% 23,748 45.0% +7,374 Children (Under 18) 6.9% 84,566 24.7% +16,747 Children (Under 18) 25.3% 309,771 -10.5% -36,165 Young Adults (18-34) 8.1% 105,984 48.5% +34,625 Young Adults (18-34) 26.1% 340,530 1.8% +5,902 Adults (35 to 64) 6.9% 164,285 56.8% +59,524 Adults (35 to 64) 25.0% 596,072 6.5% +36,324 Seniors (65 and up) 5.3% 53,127 42.8% +15,929 Seniors (65 and up) 28.4% 286,922 3.3% +9,045 U.S.-Born 7.0% 249,811 43.6% +75,793 U.S.-Born 24.5% 881,220 -6.8% -64,155 Foreign-Born 6.8% 158,151 48.8% +51,844 Foreign-Born 27.9% 652,075 13.6% +78,273 Owner Units 5.5% 68,633 43.4% +20,787 Owner Units 25.2% 312,353 -17.4% -65,914 Renter Units 10.1% 82,837 37.6% +22,635 Renter Units 27.5% 226,501 12.6% +25,407 Vacant Units 10.5% 45,174 158.3% +27,684 Vacant Units 23.4% 101,185 66.9% +40,568

Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods with Any Indicators of Economic Expansion* with Any Indicators of Economic Decline* (Miami Metro) (Miami Metro)

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 17.5% 1,035,991 28.4% +229,338 TOTAL 42.7% 2,530,219 2.4% +59,210 Low-Income 16.0% 363,620 7.1% +24,180 Low-Income 50.4% 1,143,802 41.0% +332,572 Poverty 17.8% 173,806 7.4% +12,019 Poverty 49.3% 482,494 46.8% +153,800 Extreme Poverty 18.5% 74,522 -3.1% -2,419 Extreme Poverty 47.7% 192,064 28.0% +42,034 American Indian 21.4% 1,396 43.5% +423 American Indian 52.5% 3,420 -11.3% -434 Asian 14.4% 20,184 87.3% +9,410 Asian 35.0% 48,883 25.4% +9,902 Black 20.5% 246,307 14.0% +30,242 Black 45.8% 549,223 27.8% +119,435 Hispanic 17.8% 457,053 55.9% +163,939 Hispanic 43.3% 1,113,245 29.1% +250,995 White 15.4% 294,602 10.3% +27,471 White 40.5% 775,569 -28.3% -306,512 College-Educated 19.5% 245,613 94.7% +119,495 College-Educated 35.5% 448,192 24.1% +87,032 Non-College 16.9% 493,696 19.2% +79,589 Non-College 46.1% 1,348,966 1.1% +14,626 Families 17.0% 107,309 1.5% +1,607 Families 41.6% 262,537 -17.4% -55,392 Families in Poverty 16.6% 20,054 -15.4% -3,662 Families in Poverty 50.2% 60,639 26.9% +12,859 Non-Poor Families 17.1% 87,255 6.4% +5,269 Non-Poor Families 39.5% 201,898 -25.3% -68,251 Single Mothers 18.2% 12,757 -10.9% -1,557 Single Mothers 49.1% 34,493 32.1% +8,377 Children (Under 18) 17.3% 212,112 7.3% +14,466 Children (Under 18) 41.8% 512,482 -11.3% -65,562 Young Adults (18-34) 18.4% 240,313 29.6% +54,938 Young Adults (18-34) 42.5% 554,853 4.6% +24,621 Adults (35 to 64) 17.7% 423,477 36.2% +112,611 Adults (35 to 64) 42.0% 1,002,822 7.5% +70,308 Seniors (65 and up) 15.8% 160,089 41.3% +46,810 Seniors (65 and up) 45.5% 460,062 7.3% +31,385 U.S.-Born 17.3% 621,454 24.3% +121,672 U.S.-Born 41.9% 1,504,414 -5.3% -83,794 Foreign-Born 17.8% 414,537 35.1% +107,671 Foreign-Born 43.9% 1,025,805 16.2% +143,023 Owner Units 15.7% 194,888 15.1% +25,599 Owner Units 42.7% 529,995 -15.2% -94,961 Renter Units 20.8% 171,817 29.3% +38,908 Renter Units 42.9% 353,167 13.8% +42,929 Vacant Units 19.8% 85,447 118.6% +46,354 Vacant Units 37.1% 160,113 64.7% +62,894 *The figures in the lower set of tables may include many neighborhoods with very slight demographic changes, and are especially sensitive to sampling error. These tables are best understood as depicting an aggressive outer estimate of population shifts, as compared to the estimates in the upper set of tables, which are more robustly observed. Data: U.S. Census.

4 TABLES FOR CENTRAL CITY ONLY - Fort Lauderdale

ECONOMICALLY EXPANDING NEIGHBORHOODS ECONOMICALLY DECLINING NEIGHBORHOODS

Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Experiencing Strong Economic Expansion Experiencing Strong Economic Decline (Fort Lauderdale) (Fort Lauderdale)

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 12.6% 21,376 19.3% +3,452 TOTAL 22.1% 37,424 -1.2% -441 Low-Income 11.4% 7,578 -8.6% -712 Low-Income 30.5% 20,213 28.8% +4,523 Poverty 11.7% 3,837 -15.1% -681 Poverty 29.5% 9,679 15.4% +1,293 Extreme Poverty 9.4% 1,442 -36.5% -828 Extreme Poverty 30.4% 4,684 23.0% +875 American Indian 17.1% 27 -53.4% -31 American Indian 5.1% 8 -66.7% -16 Asian 9.8% 238 73.7% +101 Asian 16.0% 390 -5.8% -24 Black 12.8% 6,524 -24.9% -2,163 Black 43.8% 22,365 13.7% +2,695 Hispanic 10.6% 3,084 196.3% +2,043 Hispanic 12.2% 3,575 61.8% +1,366 White 13.0% 10,873 43.1% +3,277 White 12.8% 10,717 -21.4% -2,914 College-Educated 15.6% 7,039 188.7% +4,601 College-Educated 13.4% 6,050 11.4% +621 Non-College 12.1% 9,836 -2.6% -267 Non-College 23.0% 18,760 -3.6% -701 Families 11.1% 1,672 -7.5% -136 Families 24.1% 3,643 -20.0% -913 Families in Poverty 9.4% 360 -47.1% -321 Families in Poverty 32.7% 1,247 -5.0% -66 Non-Poor Families 11.6% 1,312 16.4% +185 Non-Poor Families 21.2% 2,396 -26.1% -847 Single Mothers 10.9% 267 -42.9% -201 Single Mothers 39.5% 966 -2.4% -24 Children (Under 18) 9.6% 3,000 -16.7% -600 Children (Under 18) 29.0% 9,085 -6.4% -620 Young Adults (18-34) 15.5% 5,927 10.4% +556 Young Adults (18-34) 23.2% 8,862 8.8% +718 Adults (35 to 64) 13.5% 9,667 32.1% +2,350 Adults (35 to 64) 18.2% 13,053 -11.8% -1,746 Seniors (65 and up) 9.8% 2,782 62.5% +1,070 Seniors (65 and up) 22.6% 6,424 23.2% +1,209 U.S.-Born 13.4% 17,216 17.0% +2,496 U.S.-Born 22.9% 29,385 -1.1% -316 Foreign-Born 10.1% 4,160 29.8% +954 Foreign-Born 19.5% 8,039 -1.6% -128 Owner Units 9.1% 3,368 48.8% +1,105 Owner Units 17.8% 6,607 -23.0% -1,968 Renter Units 20.8% 7,119 33.5% +1,788 Renter Units 21.0% 7,171 8.6% +567 Vacant Units 12.0% 2,539 185.6% +1,650 Vacant Units 14.3% 3,033 24.2% +590

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 29.1% 49,402 18.3% +7,633 TOTAL 52.3% 88,767 1.4% +1,241 Low-Income 26.0% 17,253 -1.0% -181 Low-Income 58.9% 39,035 30.2% +9,061 Poverty 28.4% 9,309 1.7% +157 Poverty 55.8% 18,294 30.9% +4,315 Extreme Poverty 28.4% 4,380 -5.4% -251 Extreme Poverty 54.7% 8,425 23.7% +1,614 American Indian 61.4% 97 -3.0% -3 American Indian 33.5% 53 -69.7% -122 Asian 28.7% 700 79.9% +311 Asian 53.5% 1,303 14.8% +168 Black 27.7% 14,178 -2.6% -385 Black 64.8% 33,128 15.9% +4,546 Hispanic 21.1% 6,170 122.3% +3,394 Hispanic 56.8% 16,587 77.0% +7,215 White 32.5% 27,132 24.9% +5,402 White 43.4% 36,245 -19.5% -8,787 College-Educated 34.1% 15,360 105.8% +7,897 College-Educated 40.1% 18,102 17.5% +2,696 Non-College 28.6% 23,295 3.8% +846 Non-College 54.2% 44,146 -3.5% -1,580 Families 26.9% 4,060 -3.6% -153 Families 58.0% 8,759 -13.9% -1,419 Families in Poverty 25.6% 975 -26.0% -342 Families in Poverty 61.9% 2,359 17.1% +345 Non-Poor Families 27.4% 3,085 6.5% +189 Non-Poor Families 56.7% 6,400 -21.6% -1,764 Single Mothers 27.1% 663 -18.1% -147 Single Mothers 63.5% 1,552 19.5% +253 Children (Under 18) 24.5% 7,661 -8.3% -694 Children (Under 18) 62.1% 19,440 -0.7% -139 Young Adults (18-34) 29.4% 11,224 10.2% +1,042 Young Adults (18-34) 52.9% 20,203 5.8% +1,108 Adults (35 to 64) 31.1% 22,274 26.1% +4,605 Adults (35 to 64) 49.0% 35,146 -4.9% -1,825 Seniors (65 and up) 29.0% 8,243 48.7% +2,701 Seniors (65 and up) 49.2% 13,978 18.4% +2,174 U.S.-Born 29.4% 37,813 17.0% +5,493 U.S.-Born 52.4% 67,248 -0.9% -607 Foreign-Born 28.2% 11,589 22.7% +2,143 Foreign-Born 52.3% 21,519 9.4% +1,845 Owner Units 28.8% 10,711 21.4% +1,889 Owner Units 47.9% 17,827 -18.1% -3,937 Renter Units 34.9% 11,915 26.0% +2,455 Renter Units 45.9% 15,682 4.6% +696 Vacant Units 35.6% 7,551 156.5% +4,607 Vacant Units 32.4% 6,862 54.3% +2,414 *The figures in the lower set of tables may include many neighborhoods with very slight demographic changes, and are especially sensitive to sampling error. These tables are best understood as depicting an aggressive outer estimate of population shifts, as compared to the estimates in the upper set of tables, which are more robustly observed. Data: U.S. Census.

5 TABLES FOR CENTRAL CITY ONLY - Miami

ECONOMICALLY EXPANDING NEIGHBORHOODS ECONOMICALLY DECLINING NEIGHBORHOODS

Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Experiencing Strong Economic Expansion Experiencing Strong Economic Decline (Miami) (Miami)

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 22.2% 96,420 40.3% +27,705 TOTAL 16.9% 73,610 2.4% +1,692 Low-Income 18.7% 44,917 6.0% +2,554 Low-Income 20.1% 48,264 24.0% +9,336 Poverty 20.8% 24,436 2.7% +645 Poverty 19.8% 23,228 30.5% +5,433 Extreme Poverty 26.0% 11,524 -2.1% -248 Extreme Poverty 17.3% 7,693 15.4% +1,025 American Indian 3.9% 12 -76.5% -39 American Indian 21.1% 64 -19.0% -15 Asian 31.8% 1,131 116.7% +609 Asian 21.2% 755 76.8% +328 Black 29.4% 20,597 -9.6% -2,194 Black 10.5% 7,347 -15.7% -1,371 Hispanic 17.5% 54,027 59.3% +20,103 Hispanic 20.1% 62,171 10.0% +5,638 White 40.2% 19,573 98.7% +9,720 White 6.4% 3,130 -43.5% -2,405 College-Educated 33.6% 27,020 261.8% +19,551 College-Educated 9.6% 7,672 36.1% +2,036 Non-College 18.9% 45,523 17.0% +6,628 Non-College 19.4% 46,769 3.8% +1,698 Families 19.6% 7,851 -4.8% -398 Families 17.3% 6,943 -15.2% -1,248 Families in Poverty 18.1% 2,473 -27.8% -950 Families in Poverty 20.4% 2,786 21.1% +486 Non-Poor Families 20.3% 5,378 11.4% +552 Non-Poor Families 15.7% 4,157 -29.4% -1,734 Single Mothers 19.7% 1,560 -28.1% -610 Single Mothers 18.3% 1,446 26.2% +300 Children (Under 18) 20.9% 16,307 3.7% +576 Children (Under 18) 16.2% 12,621 -17.2% -2,616 Young Adults (18-34) 28.0% 30,287 70.1% +12,482 Young Adults (18-34) 16.0% 17,319 9.6% +1,517 Adults (35 to 64) 22.3% 39,431 50.5% +13,229 Adults (35 to 64) 16.7% 29,439 9.6% +2,585 Seniors (65 and up) 14.5% 10,395 16.8% +1,492 Seniors (65 and up) 19.9% 14,231 1.2% +165 U.S.-Born 27.4% 50,562 38.6% +14,089 U.S.-Born 14.3% 26,399 12.7% +2,977 Foreign-Born 18.4% 45,858 42.2% +13,616 Foreign-Born 18.9% 47,211 -2.7% -1,288 Owner Units 20.9% 10,450 54.1% +3,669 Owner Units 16.9% 8,447 -4.5% -396 Renter Units 27.3% 30,609 55.7% +10,944 Renter Units 15.8% 17,715 7.5% +1,233 Vacant Units 41.4% 13,553 215.8% +9,261 Vacant Units 7.3% 2,392 89.7% +1,131

Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods with Any Indicators of Economic Expansion* with Any Indicators of Economic Decline* (Miami) (Miami)

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 38.7% 168,028 28.1% +36,809 TOTAL 30.6% 132,931 3.7% +4,735 Low-Income 35.5% 85,105 6.5% +5,231 Low-Income 34.8% 83,409 25.8% +17,082 Poverty 38.8% 45,609 5.4% +2,324 Poverty 33.4% 39,290 27.6% +8,493 Extreme Poverty 44.0% 19,497 -7.1% -1,497 Extreme Poverty 29.7% 13,172 3.9% +498 American Indian 8.9% 27 -75.5% -83 American Indian 41.1% 125 -41.0% -87 Asian 44.0% 1,567 101.7% +790 Asian 26.9% 959 62.5% +369 Black 52.0% 36,446 -1.7% -642 Black 23.8% 16,653 -15.0% -2,936 Hispanic 33.6% 103,812 40.8% +30,105 Hispanic 34.5% 106,651 14.0% +13,132 White 50.7% 24,672 56.5% +8,904 White 16.8% 8,195 -38.4% -5,115 College-Educated 45.9% 36,878 177.4% +23,585 College-Educated 21.3% 17,092 25.8% +3,502 Non-College 36.3% 87,341 16.1% +12,094 Non-College 33.3% 80,028 4.0% +3,078 Families 37.2% 14,928 -6.3% -1,001 Families 31.5% 12,636 -12.1% -1,732 Families in Poverty 37.5% 5,121 -17.1% -1,057 Families in Poverty 35.4% 4,845 17.1% +707 Non-Poor Families 37.1% 9,807 0.6% +56 Non-Poor Families 29.5% 7,791 -23.8% -2,439 Single Mothers 41.3% 3,274 -16.2% -633 Single Mothers 33.1% 2,623 20.8% +451 Children (Under 18) 39.1% 30,513 -0.1% -40 Children (Under 18) 30.7% 23,909 -10.9% -2,922 Young Adults (18-34) 43.5% 47,086 45.1% +14,634 Young Adults (18-34) 28.3% 30,594 6.4% +1,830 Adults (35 to 64) 38.3% 67,658 39.1% +19,030 Adults (35 to 64) 30.4% 53,761 11.5% +5,552 Seniors (65 and up) 31.9% 22,771 17.2% +3,347 Seniors (65 and up) 34.5% 24,667 1.0% +242 U.S.-Born 43.9% 81,072 30.7% +19,061 U.S.-Born 27.7% 51,055 7.5% +3,564 Foreign-Born 34.8% 86,956 25.7% +17,752 Foreign-Born 32.8% 81,876 1.4% +1,169 Owner Units 35.5% 17,737 25.4% +3,598 Owner Units 32.1% 16,024 -11.4% -2,068 Renter Units 42.8% 47,955 37.5% +13,072 Renter Units 27.7% 30,984 10.8% +3,031 Vacant Units 50.4% 16,513 174.5% +10,497 Vacant Units 17.8% 5,838 68.9% +2,381 *The figures in the lower set of tables may include many neighborhoods with very slight demographic changes, and are especially sensitive to sampling error. These tables are best understood as depicting an aggressive outer estimate of population shifts, as compared to the estimates in the upper set of tables, which are more robustly observed. Data: U.S. Census.

6 TABLES FOR REGIONAL SUBURBS - Miami Region

ECONOMICALLY EXPANDING NEIGHBORHOODS ECONOMICALLY DECLINING NEIGHBORHOODS

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 5.5% 290,166 49.8% +96,499 TOTAL 26.7% 1,422,261 0.9% +12,856 Low-Income 4.9% 97,121 8.0% +7,203 Low-Income 35.2% 691,826 47.8% +223,792 Poverty 5.4% 44,697 3.5% +1,512 Poverty 35.1% 290,442 56.9% +105,341 Extreme Poverty 5.6% 19,025 -5.1% -1,012 Extreme Poverty 34.2% 117,075 38.4% +32,458 American Indian 6.9% 417 29.9% +96 American Indian 30.4% 1,839 -16.9% -375 Asian 5.7% 7,647 139.6% +4,455 Asian 19.8% 26,454 23.9% +5,099 Black 6.8% 73,668 16.2% +10,269 Black 29.3% 315,916 31.8% +76,258 Hispanic 5.3% 118,565 90.3% +56,259 Hispanic 28.8% 644,002 26.4% +134,611 White 4.7% 84,178 40.3% +24,167 White 23.1% 411,451 -32.1% -194,620 College-Educated 6.0% 68,464 149.7% +41,043 College-Educated 20.5% 233,244 22.2% +42,312 Non-College 5.1% 132,007 33.4% +33,031 Non-College 29.8% 775,677 -0.5% -3,924 Families 5.7% 32,604 27.3% +6,999 Families 25.6% 147,694 -17.2% -30,656 Families in Poverty 5.1% 5,271 -16.7% -1,054 Families in Poverty 35.5% 36,723 38.5% +10,200 Non-Poor Families 5.8% 27,333 41.8% +8,053 Non-Poor Families 23.5% 110,971 -26.9% -40,856 Single Mothers 5.5% 3,299 -16.5% -651 Single Mothers 35.7% 21,336 49.9% +7,098 Children (Under 18) 5.8% 65,259 34.6% +16,771 Children (Under 18) 25.8% 288,065 -10.3% -32,929 Young Adults (18-34) 6.0% 69,770 44.8% +21,587 Young Adults (18-34) 27.2% 314,349 1.2% +3,667 Adults (35 to 64) 5.4% 115,187 61.7% +43,945 Adults (35 to 64) 25.9% 553,580 6.8% +35,485 Seniors (65 and up) 4.4% 39,950 50.3% +13,367 Seniors (65 and up) 29.2% 266,267 3.0% +7,671 U.S.-Born 5.6% 182,033 48.2% +59,208 U.S.-Born 25.2% 825,436 -7.5% -66,816 Foreign-Born 5.3% 108,133 52.6% +37,274 Foreign-Born 29.2% 596,825 15.4% +79,689 Owner Units 4.8% 54,815 41.3% +16,013 Owner Units 25.8% 297,299 -17.6% -63,550 Renter Units 6.7% 45,109 28.1% +9,903 Renter Units 29.7% 201,615 13.3% +23,607 Vacant Units 7.7% 29,082 136.3% +16,773 Vacant Units 25.4% 95,760 68.3% +38,847

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 15.4% 818,561 29.2% +184,896 TOTAL 43.4% 2,308,521 2.4% +53,234 Low-Income 13.3% 261,262 7.9% +19,130 Low-Income 52.0% 1,021,358 42.9% +306,429 Poverty 14.3% 118,888 8.7% +9,538 Poverty 51.3% 424,910 49.7% +140,992 Extreme Poverty 14.8% 50,645 -1.3% -671 Extreme Poverty 49.8% 170,467 30.6% +39,922 American Indian 21.0% 1,272 66.7% +509 American Indian 53.6% 3,242 -6.5% -225 Asian 13.4% 17,917 86.5% +8,309 Asian 34.8% 46,621 25.1% +9,365 Black 18.1% 195,683 19.0% +31,269 Black 46.3% 499,442 30.9% +117,825 Hispanic 15.5% 347,071 60.2% +130,440 Hispanic 44.3% 990,007 30.4% +230,648 White 13.6% 242,798 5.7% +13,165 White 41.1% 731,129 -28.6% -292,610 College-Educated 17.0% 193,375 83.5% +88,013 College-Educated 36.4% 412,998 24.3% +80,834 Non-College 14.7% 383,060 21.1% +66,649 Non-College 47.0% 1,224,792 1.1% +13,128 Families 15.3% 88,321 3.2% +2,761 Families 41.8% 241,142 -17.8% -52,241 Families in Poverty 13.5% 13,958 -14.0% -2,263 Families in Poverty 51.7% 53,435 28.4% +11,807 Non-Poor Families 15.7% 74,363 7.2% +5,024 Non-Poor Families 39.7% 187,707 -25.4% -64,048 Single Mothers 14.7% 8,820 -8.1% -777 Single Mothers 50.7% 30,318 33.9% +7,673 Children (Under 18) 15.6% 173,938 9.6% +15,200 Children (Under 18) 42.0% 469,133 -11.8% -62,501 Young Adults (18-34) 15.7% 182,003 27.5% +39,262 Young Adults (18-34) 43.5% 504,056 4.5% +21,683 Adults (35 to 64) 15.6% 333,545 36.4% +88,976 Adults (35 to 64) 42.8% 913,915 7.9% +66,581 Seniors (65 and up) 14.2% 129,075 46.2% +40,762 Seniors (65 and up) 46.3% 421,417 7.4% +28,969 U.S.-Born 15.3% 502,569 24.0% +97,118 U.S.-Born 42.3% 1,386,111 -5.9% -86,751 Foreign-Born 15.5% 315,992 38.5% +87,776 Foreign-Born 45.1% 922,410 17.9% +140,009 Owner Units 14.4% 166,440 13.7% +20,112 Owner Units 43.0% 496,144 -15.2% -88,956 Renter Units 16.5% 111,947 26.4% +23,381 Renter Units 45.2% 306,501 14.7% +39,202 Vacant Units 16.3% 61,383 103.7% +31,250 Vacant Units 39.0% 147,413 65.1% +58,099 *The figures in the lower set of tables may include many neighborhoods with very slight demographic changes, and are especially sensitive to sampling error. These tables are best understood as depicting an aggressive outer estimate of population shifts, as compared to the estimates in the upper set of tables, which are more robustly observed. Data: U.S. Census.

7 MIAMI (CENTRAL) REGION: Gentrification and Economic Decline by Census Tract with Net Change in Low Income Population, 2000-2016

Jupiter

Juno Beach PALM Boca Raton Palm Beach Gardens BEACH 95

North Palm Beach 1

Economic expansion/decline is Parkland defined if a tract has a +/- 10% Lake Park Deerfield Beach PALM change in middle-high-income Palm Beach Coconut Riviera Beach Hillsboro Beach population and a -/+ 5% change BEACH Shores Creek Lighthouse Point Coral Springs in low-income population share, Mangonia Park respectively. West Palm Beach 869 Margate Pompano Beach

95 Royal North Palm Palm Beach Lauderdale Beach Tamarac Sea Ranch Lakes Haverhill Lauderdale- by-the-Sea 98 Oakland Park Glen Ridge Sunrise Lauderdale Lakes Wilton Manors Lazy Lake Economic Decline: 75 Lauderhill

Abandonment: Fort Lauderdale < -700 Low Income (1) Plantation

Weston 595 -1 to -699 Low Income (14) BROWARD Davie Low Income Concentration: The 75 1 to 699 Low Income (168) Everglades Dania Beach Southwest Ranches Cooper City > 700 Low Income (144) Hollywood Economic Expansion: Pembroke Pines

Low Income Displacement: West Park Pembroke Park Hallandale Beach < -700 Low Income (6) Miramar 95 Golden Beach -1 to -699 Low Income (44) Aventura Miami Gardens Sunny Isles Beach Overall Growth: North Miami Beach

1 to 699 Low Income (28) Miami Lakes Opa-locka (13) 924 North MiamiBal Harbour > 700 Low Income MIAMI-DADE Hialeah Bay Harbor Islands Gardens Biscayne Park Surfside Biscayne Park Surfside

Reagan Turnpike Reagan Medley Indian Creek Hialeah Hialeah Miami Shores

El Portal 826 Doral North Bay 195 Village See Inset

836 Miami Beach 95 Miami Miami Springs 195 Sweetwater Miami Beach

South Miami 836 Miami Key Biscayne Coral 874 Gables West Miami Pinecrest Atlantic 1 MIAMI-DADE Ocean Palmetto Bay 1

0 3 0 5

Miles Cutler Bay Miles South Miami Data Sources: Geolytics, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 SF3; U.S. Census Bureau, 2016 American Community Survey (5-year data). 8