THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL PROJECT OFFICE

Public Disclosure Authorized E801 V. 6 August 2003

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR ViET NAM WATER RESOURCES ASSISTANCE PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized

VOLUME 2: REPORT No. 5: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PHU NINH SUB-PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized

PREPARED BY GEC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS LTD.

AND CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR LIFE AND PRODUCTION Public Disclosure Authorized APRIL 2003

- 'A, THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL PROJECT OFFICE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR VIET NAM WATER RESOURCES ASSISTANCE PROJECT

VOLUME 2: REPORT No. 5: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PHU NINH SUB-PROJECT

PREPARED BY GEC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS LTD.

AND

CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR LIFE AND PRODUCTION

APRIL 2003 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report is a draft Environmental Impact Assessment for the Phui Ninh Sub-Project prepared as part of overall preparation of the Viet Nam Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP). This draft EIA was prepared with the configurations of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project as conceived, designed, and described in documents and information provide by the Consultant to the EIA Consultant as of 31 January 2003. supplemented by secondary data obtained by the EIA Consultant in documents, maps, interviews with local officials, and other similar sources. This EIA has been prepared in accordance with the national legal, policy, and regulatory requirements for environmental management and protection in Viet Nam as well as the various relevant IDA operational safeguard policies.

SUMNIARY' OF Pllu NINH SUB-PROJECT )DESCRIPTION

The Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme in southern Quang Nam Province is situated in the Tam Ky Catchment and is the one large irrigation scheme in the Thu Bon-Vu Gia River Basin. Construction on the Irrigalion Scheme began in 1977 and was completed in 1986: the scheme was designed to irrigate 23,000 ha and provide 1.6 m3/s of domestic water supply. The main canal system has a total length 53 km and is mainly an earth embankment cross-section. Currently some 6 km is concrete-lined: partially as upgrading to reduce water seepage losses and serious erosion that in turn creates subsequent slippage of canal banks. The spillway facilities at the dam has been recently modified and provided with an increased capacity. Currently irrigated areas cover about 14,500 ha and the scheme provides 3,000 m3/day of water supply to Tam Ky Town.

The original design tunctions of the Phu Ninh scheme were:

. Supply irrigation water for the designed irrigated area of 23.000 ha; 3 X Supply water for domestic use and industrial use: Q = 1.6 m 1s; and . Combined with electricity generation : N,S1bIbled = 1890 KW

Upgrading of the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme is required to increase irrigation water to the original planned area together as well as to expanding aquaculture and industrial sectors in Ouang Nam Province. The first and now urgent works required is completion of the rehabilitation of the main canals, to ensure security of the irrigation scheme, and the associated off-take works. The repair of north and south main canals downstream of the dam stands out as an essential and urgently needed rehabilitalion project. The need and benefit bf concrete lining to main canals should be reviewed length-by-length of the canal taking into account cost, seepage mitigation, erosion potential, longer term hazard of canal side-wall collapse, and future maintenance planning and rinancing.

Upgrading of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project is a key component to the development of Quang Nam Province I' addition to its major role as the one large irrigation scheme in the Thu Bon-Vu Gia basin, it plays a part in flood mitigation and the supply of water to the fast-growing urban and industrial areas situated around Tam Ky Town, the provincial capital.

The overall objectives of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project are to:

. Increase the available water in the Phu Ninh Reservoir to meet increasing water demands; . Ensure the safety of the Phu Ninh Dam Complex meets new flood design standards; * Upgrade the existing irrigation scheme; . Improve reliability, flexibility, and eftectiveness of the irrigation system; . Reduce the cost of operation and maintenance; . Enable the schenme to satisfy all reasonable water needs by supplying a sufficient quantity of water at the required times of the year: and . Create the conditions for sustainable socioeconomic development using the application of modern design, engineering, and irrigation system management technologies.

This will be achieved by modernization of technical infrasIructure from the headworks to the farm fields and by modernization of the management system for the entire Irrigation Scheme.

Modernization of the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme is intended to support the shift in the use of the reservoir from that of largely supplying water for agricultural purposes to an integrated water use scheme, supplying water to support:

. An increase in total water provided from 356 million m3/yr to 422,4 million m3 /yr; . A decrease in water allocated to agriculture (currently 349 million m3/yr, to decrease to 305 million m3/yr); . An increase of 4,825 ha of cropping in 3,700 ha will be rice and 1 125 ha will be subsidiary crops; . expanding aquaculture activities within the command area; . increase supply of domestic water to rural residents throughout the Sub-Project Area; . supply of water for domestic and industrial water use, mostly to Tam Ky Town and the Chu Lai Industrial Zone in Nui Thanh District (currently 6.3 million m3/yr, to increase to 110.23 million m3/yr)

The Phu Ninh Sub-Project will have a phased approach to modrrnization. This means that Phu Ninh Sub-Project investments will be grouped into two phases5. The first phase will include the finalized dam safety review, rehabilitation works for the dams, rehabilitation works for main and primary canals and rehabilitation works and modernization for two pilot areas representing about 20% of the command area. The second phase will include expanding the experiences gained through pilot testing to remaining 80% of the command area.

MAIN CONCLUSIONS OF IMIPACT ASSESSMIENT

The Phu Ninh Sub-Project is environmentally feasible. The Sub-Project will have a number of significant positive benefits:

. Increase in beneficiary income and reduction of poverty throughout the command area through improved and reliable water supply for agricultural production; and . Increases in employment and labor in a region with very high levels of unemployment and underemployment.

All of the potentially significant environmental impacts identified in the impact assessment can be mitigated and they are described below.

These conclusions apply to both phases of investrnents for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. At this time, it is concluded that no separate environmental assessment is required for the second phase of investments.

PIIu NIN1-I SUB-PROJECT ENVIRONNMENT1 AL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environmental Management Plan for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project consists of an environmental rnitigation program and an environmental monitoring program.

The environmental mitigation program consists of:

. Proper management and disposal of dredged and excavated soils to minimize degradation of water quality; . Proper environmental management of construction worker camps, including minimization of disruption to local residents from construction activities to limit localized environmental degradations and disturbance to local communities: . Implementation of a comprehensive resettlement and compensation action plan; . Environmental review of provincial aquaculture program and implementation of environmental action plan to mitigate incremental effects of incremental coastal aquaculture that arises as a result of the Sub-Project . Maximization of employment opportunities for local residents to take full benefit of the employment opportunities created by the Sub-Project: . Implementation of a Emergency Preparedness Plan for managing Phu Ninh Dam flood safety risk: . Prevention of disruption to designated cultural and historical sites . Design and implementation of a control program for nuisance aquatic plants in the Phu Ninh Reservoir and the upper portions of the ranal system; and * Extension of the local provincial program for IPM to comrnand area beneficiaries to prevent possible degradation of aquatic resources from increased use of fertilizer and pesticides.

An important environmenlal mitigation will be the minimization of disruption to water users during canal lining. Improper timing of the construction activities associated with canal reinforcement will negatively affect v.- supply to farmers downstream. On the one hand, construction of canal reinforcements in the dry season can proceed very quickly, but water supply needs to be turned off during the construction periods; the dry season is the season when water supply via the irrigation scheme is most critical. On the other hand, water supply to the farmers via the irrigation scheme is not as critical in the rainy season and yet construction is much more problematic and expensive given the larger amounts of water in the system at that time. It will be necessary to develop rigid construction timetables for main and primary canal reinforcement to minimize disruption to the beneficiaries and at the same time have efficient implementation of this part of the Sub-Project. In addition, consultation with all affected parties will be required in order to reach agreement on exactly how canal lining wilt proceed. The recommended environmental monitoring activities are:

. Compliance monitoring of the environmental mitigation program: . Surface and groundwater quality monitoring program to assess incremental effects of sedimentation. erosion, and fertilizer and pesticide use; . Effects monitoring for effectiveness of coastal aquaculture mitigation program: and . Effects monitoring for effectiveness of the control program for aquatic weeds.

The total cost of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan is US $403,670, consisting of US $243,711 for the environmental mitigation program and US $159,959 for the environmental mitigation compliance monitoring and environmetital effects monitorinig programs.

INSTITUTIONS RESPONSIrBLET FOR lmpLMEiNTING TIlE Pimi NINHl EMP The PhLu Ninh EMP will lip implemnnterl within a comprehansive organizational framework under the overall VWRAP Project. VWRAP will engage several ministries, departments, and institutes, it will create a project management unit within MARD in Ha Noi (PMU) and Sub-Project Implementation Units (SlUs) in each province, and there will be numerouIs linkages between these institutions and numerous other existing institutions at the national, provincial, district, and commune levels (This assumes a decentralized modality for Sub-Project implementation and will need to be modified if a more traditional, centralized modality for Sub-Project implementation is selected. Under either modality, VWRAP PMU can be either CPO or another unit set up or designated by MARD). The following institutions will be responsible for the successful implementation of the Phu Ninh Environmental Management Plan:

VWRAP PMU - responsible for overall VWRAP implementation management and will contain environmental sateguard staff. VWRAP PMU will be responsible for overall quality assurance of EMP implementation.

Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU - staffed by personnel from Quang Nam DARD and Phu Ninh IMC, Phu Ninh SIU, and will be responsible for daily implementation activities of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. As a consequence, it will supervise and control the quality of construction and physical implementation of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP

Vietnamese Environmental Regulators - MoNRE and Quang Nam DoSTE will be responsible for all regulatory reviews and approvals of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project in accordance with the national legal framework for environmental protection and management.

Quang Nam Provincial Organizations - Otlher Otiang Nam provincial departments will have important responsibilities such as implementing specific components of the mitigation program (IPM), ensuring their particular safeguards are being properly implemented (i.e, DoCI) and providing supplementary and secondary data to assist in the implementation of the Phu Ninh EMP (e.g., land use and commodity production data).

IDA - IDA will review the implementation of the EMP. Problems and issues that are identified will be raised to MARD as part of the regular Phu Ninh Sub-Project review process.

Environmental Safeguard Contractors - Two Environmental Safeguard Contractors will be selected from the nunmerous national environmental consultant organizations in Viet Nam. One Environmental Safeguard Contractor will act as general contractor for primary data collection surveys and for preparation and submission of various compliance and effects monitoring assessment reports. They will also be responsible for undertaking some of the specific mitigation measures for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. While there will be a diverse set of mitigation, environmental data collection and reporting tasks required to be carried out under the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP, it is recommended that a single Environmental Safeguard Contractor be engaged to conduct all these diverse tasks to simplify the contracting arrangement, administrative procedures, and management requirements on the part of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU and VWRAP PMU. The second Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be responsible for designing and implementing the Control Program for Aquatic Weeds in the Phu Ninh Irrigation Schenme.

Consultant Environm1ental Specialists - snme (if th r-snnrrces of ihN fnesigr and Supervision Tochnical Assistance under VWRAP will be used to engage two environmental specialists who will lake on substantial implementation tasks for the EMP: (i) the Consultant's international environment specialist; and (ii) the Consultant's national environmental specialist seconded from a nationally-recognized environmental management institlution. The secondmnent could be in the form of a fixed-term, renewable contract during pre- construction, construction, and operation phases. It is expected that the services of the Consultant's international environment specialist will be required for VWRAP implementation until the completion of the Detailed Design of the Phu Ninh EMP for the second phase of investments, at which time sufficient training and capacity building will have been given that remaining institutions and personnel will be able to implement the iii remainder of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP. In this EMP, it is assumed that the Detailed Engineering Design for the second investment phase will occur in thea third year of Phu-Ninh Sub-Project implementation.

Summary of Application of IDA Environmental and Social Safeguard Poticies to Phu Ninh Sub--rojrect.

Bank Operational Summary of Policy Assessment and Rationale Recommendations . While Phiu Ninh Sub-Project is classiried as Category A, requiring a lull-scale environmental assessment, the results of this EIA indicate that the scale and OP 4.01 - magnilude of the expected environmental impacts of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental are more like Ihat of a Category Bproject. Environmental impacts of the Phu Ninh Implement Phu Ninh Sub-Project Assessment - Sub-Project are mostly sile-specific, none are irreversible; very few direct impacts Environmental Management Plan Triggered are on environmentally important areas such as wetlands, forests, or other natural tiabilats. all are prevenlable, and mitigation measures have been designed for all possible environmentat impacts . no impacts predicted for Phu Ninti Reservoir watershed. where all of the intact * Environmental review of provincial OP 4.04 - Natural natural terrestrial habilats of the Sub-Project Area occur. aquacullure program to advise Ouang Habitats - * Phu Ninh Sub-Project will provide increased water supply to an expanding Nam Province on guidelines for Triggered provincial coaslal aqriaciiltire pronram which itsell was not assessed for possible ensuring coastal aquacullure is ernvironmnental impacts. There may be a risk of losing coastal wetland resources environmentally sustainable OP 4.36 - . There will be no Sub-Projecl impacts on the Iwo major forest resources in the Sub-Project Area' the Phu Ninh Watershed Forestry - not Protection Forest: and the produclion forests on the hillslopes downstream of the Phu Ninh Reservoir that are above the Triggered irrigated area of the Sub-Project Mitigation recommended against any possible loss of or damage to nationally or locally designated OPN 11 03 - . impacts are assessed as Unknown because, while the exact location of the each cultural and historical sites by of the cultural and historic sites in the Sub-Project is known, the location of the adjustingw te siting co Sub-Projtect Cultural Property Sub-Project activities listed above is not yet known indelail. Mitigation of any detailed design of the physical works -Triggered negative effects is possible, however. . Terms and conditions should be included in construction contracts to ensure the integrity of these historical and cultural resources OP 4.12- OP4.12 - No households will need to be resettled and there is a requirement to pay * Resettlement and Compensation InvolUtltary compensation for 147.5 ha o1permanent and 163 ha of temporary land Action Plan prepared as part of Phu Resettlement - acquisition Ninh Sub-Project Feasibilily Study Triqqered OP 4.20 - Indigenous There are some members o1recognized etlicnic minorily groups living in ihe prepared as paritof phuNinh Sub- Peoples - command area of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Project Feasibility Study Triggered Project_Feasibi_ily_Study OP 4.37 - Safety Upgrading PhU Ninh Dam safely a major component of first investment phase. Specific engineering works are provided for of Dams - increasing dam sately, and Emergency Preparedness Plan prepared as part of Phu Ninh Feasibility Sludy Tnggered . * Both mitigation and monioring are It is estimated that an addilional 78 i of pesticides and herbicides will be required recommended. With respect to annuailly for the enlire Sub-Project over and above estimates of current pesticide should continue tobe provided to OP 4.03 - and herbicide application. This is aboul a 225% increase over estimated current subo benuefiire as arpartof Pesticie.pesticide and herbicide use throughout the Suib-Project. This impact is assessed Sub-Projectbeneficinaes as a parl of Pesticide as Unknown but potentially Signiricant wilhout mitigation or monitoring. Existing the Subrecin orDAO4 h Management- baseline informalion on pesticide concentrations inthe Sub-Projeci environment the requirements of IDA OP 4.03. Triggered is non-exislent and so current condilions can not be estimated, but the expeCted Extension services should include the increase may be substantial, particularly as about 40% of Sub-Project application of pesticides and beneficiaries have not yet received direct training in IPM methods, herbicides as well as basic techniques of IPM. OP 7.60 - Projects in . Not triorered as none ol lie Sih.Project Ares or tie orsa1 infuence oi tIh Sub-Piojoct is port ol territory whose Disputed Areas - jurisdiction is disputled by anolher country Not Triggered

OP 7.50S - NtnIgignried as (i) None of tlinwalrs hohies associaled with the Ptiu finh Sub Project forn a boundary bet-een, or flow International throuioh thIeterritory of anoltier country; (ii) None of the waler bodies associated with the Phii Ninh Sub-Project are a any Waternahonays - t tributary or component of any walerway described above; and (iii) None of the water bodies associated with the Phu Ninh Waterways - Not Suh-Project are recognized as a necessary channel of communication between the open sea and olher stales countries or Triggered of any river flowing into such waters.

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background and Objectives ...... 1 1.2 Overview of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 1...j 1.3 Legal and Planning Context for Phii Ninih Sub-Project ErA ...... 4 1.4 Approach to VWRAP Definition, Preparation, and Implementation ...... 5 1.5 General Approachi to EIA Preparation ...... 5 1.5.1 Sources of Information Used in the Preparation of this EIA .5 1.5.2 EIA Methodology ...... 6 1.5.3 Sub-Project Area of Influence ...... 6 1.5.4 Scope of Environmental Management Plan for PhIu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 6 1.6 Outline of the EIA for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 7

2: DESCRIPTION OF PHU NINH SUB-PROJECT 8

2.1 Summary of Current Situation ...... 8 2.1.1 Phu Ninh Main Dam and Reservoir ...... 8 2.1.2 Saddle Dams ...... 8 2.1.3 Spillways ...... 8 2.1.4 Phu Ninh Dam Complex Flood Safety ...... 8 2.1.5 Irrigation Intakes ...... 8 2.1.6 Irrigation Canal System ...... 10 2.1.7 Water Control StuLctures on the Irrigationi Canal System ...... 10 2.1.8 Overall Effect of Degraded Irrigation Scheme ...... 10 2.2 Description of Sub-Project ...... 11 2.2.1 Overall Objectives of Sub-Project ...... 11 2.2.2 Changes in Water Use and Allocation with Modernization ...... 11 2.2.3 Upgrading Structural Integrity of Headworks ...... 12 2.2.4 Upgrading Phu Ninh Dam Flood Safety ...... 12 2.2.5 Civil Works to Increase Reservoir Storage for Increased Water Demand ...... 12 2.2.6 Main Canal Distribution System and Associated Water Control Structures ...... 12 2.2.7 Primary Canal Distribution System and Associated Water Control Structures ...... 13 2.2.8 Secondary and Lower Canals and Associated Water Control Structures ...... 13 2.2.9 Summary of Surface Transportation System Upgrading ...... 13 2.2.10 Modernization of the Irrigation Management System ...... 13 2.2.11 Drainage System ...... 13 2.2.12 Requirements for Resettlement and Compensation for Land Acquisition ...... 14 2.3 Expected Changes in Agricultural Land Use ...... 14

3: DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 16

3.1 Location of Sub-Project ...... 16 3.2 Physical Resources ...... 16 3.2.1 Climate ...... 16 3.2.2 Landforms, Topography, and Geology ...... 19 3.2.3 Soils ...... 19 3.2.4 Surface Water Hydrology ...... 20 Phu Ninh Reservoir ...... 20 Tm Ky River ...... 20 3.2.5 Surface Water Quality ...... 20 3.2.6 Groundwater Resources ...... 21 3.2.7 Air Quality ...... 22 3.2.8 Mineral Resources ...... 22 3.3 Biological Resources ...... 22 3.3.1 Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity ...... 22 3.3.2 Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity ...... 23 3.3.3 Forest Resources ...... 23 3.3.4 Nature Reserves and Protected Areas ...... 24 3.4 Socioeconomic Resources ...... 24 3.4.1 Population, Demography, and Ethnic Composition ...... 24 v 3. . L.an nd. Use.s ...... 22.. 33. 3 AAgriculture...... Production...... riutu eP3d cto 25..2 3.4.4 uuacu...... c lurtu. e...... 27.....2 ...... 3.4.5 Household income and Incidence of Poverty...... 27 3.4.6 Domestic and Drinking Water Quality...... 28 3.4.7 Disease and Public Health ...... 28 3.4. nd sr8...... Industry...... 28...... 2 3.4.9 Tourism...... u is Resources...... e _ ...... 29...2 3.4.10 Cultural anid Historic Resouirces...... 29 3.4.11 Naviaation and Transportation ...... 29

4: IMPACT ASSESSMENT 31

4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Methiodology...... 31 4.2 Application of IDA Oper-ational Policies ...... 33 4.3 Activities with Consistent Impacts on all Environmental Resources...... 33 4.3 1 E feect...... f.....Dam...... Safety...... isk...... teo.Dm1a eEfis ... 33..3 4.3.2 Repairing and Upgrading Existing Civil Works and Facilities ...... 33 4.3.3 ModernIzation or Irrigation Managemient System...... 34 4.3.4 Construction Activities Associated with Suib-Project nimplementation ...... 34 4.3.5 Environmental Impacts of Resettlement and Land Acquisition ...... 35 4.3.6 Mitigable Impacts of Increased Water Supply for Municipal and Industrial Use...... 35 4.3.7 Provision of Increased Water Supply to Aquaculture ...... 36 4.3.8 Impacts on Population and Communities ...... 36 4.4 Environmental, Social Resources Receiving Consistent Environmental Impact...... 37 4.4.1 Impacts on Environmental Resources in Phi Ninhi Reservoir Catchment ...... 37 4.4.2 Sub-Project Impacts on Rare and Endangered Species...... 37 4.4.3 Sub-Project Impacts of thie Sub-Project on Employment ...... 37 4.4.4 Impact on Economic Activities, Inicome, and Incidence of Poverty ...... 38 4.4.5 Sub-Project nImpacts on Miner-al Resources...... 38 4.4.6 Sub-Project Imipacts on Air- Quality ...... 38 4.4.7 Sub-Project Impacts on Noise ...... 38 4.4.8 Sub-Project Impacts oni Forest Resources ...... 38 4.4.9 Sub-Project Impacts on Human Health...... 39 4.4.10 Sub-Project Impacts on Nature Reserves, Protected Areas, or Protection Forests ...... 39 4.5 Sub-Project Impacts of Pre-Construction...... 39 4.5.1 Impacts of the Legacy of Conflict...... 39 4.5.2 Requirements for Resettlement and Land Acquisition...... 40 4.6 Sub-Project Impacts of Construction...... 40 4.6.1 Impacts on Physical Resources ...... 40 4.6.2 lInpacts on Biological Resources ...... 42 4.6.3 Impacts on Socioeconomic Resources ...... 43 4.7 Sub-Project Impacts of Operationi...... 44 4.7.1 Impacts on Physical Resources ...... 44 4.7.2 Impacts on Biological Resources ...... 46 4.7.3 Impacts on Socioeconomic Resources ...... 47 4.8 Main Conclusions of Impact Assessment...... 47 4.8.1 Summary of Bank Operational Policies in Regards to Phui Ninh Sub-Project...... 48

5: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR-Pi iu N'INH_ SlJD-PROJECT 50

5.1 Vietnaniese Legal andc Administrative Fr-amewotk ...... 50 5.1.1 Thie Legal Framiework for Environmiental Maniagemienit .So...... 5.1.2 The Administrative Franmework for Envir-onmental Management ...... 51 5.1.3 Vietnamese Environmental Requirements...... 52 5.2 IDA Environmental Requirements...... 52 5.3 Over-all Appr-oachi to Implementation...... 52 5.4 Institutions Responsible for Implemienting the PhuLNinh EMP ...... 53 5.5 Environmental Mitigation Program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project...... 54 5.6 Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 54 5.7 Environmental Effects Monitoring Program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project...... 54 5.8 -Reporting Requirements for Phu Ninh EMP...... 54 5.9 Organizational Framework for Implementing the Phu Ninh EMP...... 56 5.9.1 Key Features of Organizational Framework ...... 56 vi 5.9.2 Institutional Responsibilities for EMP Implementation during Pre-Construction Phases ...... ,56 5.9.3 Institutional Responsibilities for EMP Implementation during Construction Phases .58 5.9.4 Institutional Responsibilities for EMP Implementation during Operational Phases .60 5.10 Policy Guidelines for Detailed Design: Second Phase of investments .62 5.11 Training and Capacity Upgrading Requirements for EMP Implementation .62 5.11.1 Evaluation of Environmental Management Capabilities ...... 62 5.11.2 Recommended Training and Capacity Building .63 5.12 Requirements for Flexibility and Adaptability in EMP Implementation ...... 64 5.13 Costs of Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan ...... 65

ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA 81

ANNEX 2: SUMMARY OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS IN SUPPORT OF EIA PREPARATION 84

ANNEX 3: POLICY. LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EIA 85

ANNEX 4: SOURCES OF INFORMATION USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS EIA 89

ANNEX 5: SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY INFORMATION FOR PHU NINH SUB-PROJECT 91

ANNEX 6: SUMMARY OF VIET NAM WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 92

ANNEX 7: SUMMARY OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES IN QUANG NAM PROVINCE 109

ANNEX 8: DESCRIPTION OF PHU NINH NATURE RESERVE 11I

vii LiST oF TABLES

Table 1: Technical specifications of main Phu Ninh Dam ...... 9 Table 2: Technical specifications of Phu Ninh Reservoir ...... 9 Table 3: Technical specifications of Phu Ninh saddle dams ...... 9 Table 4: Technical specifications of Phu Ninh spillways ...... 9 Table 5: Parameters for existing and required flood design for Phu Ninh Dam ...... 9 Table 6: Technical specifications of Phu Ninh irrigation intakes ...... 10 Table 7: Technical specifications of rnain canals ...... 11 Table 8: Canal lining compleed to date ...... 11 Table 9: Changes in water use with the Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 12 Table 10: Quantities of engineering required for upgrading Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme ...... 14 Table 11: Quantities of engineering required for upgrading canal systenm in pilot areas ...... 14 Table 12: Description of planned upgrades to surface transportation in Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 14 Table 13: Resettlement and compensation requirements for Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 15 Table 14: Expected changes in agricullural land use within the conmmand area with Sub-Project implementation ...... 15 Table 15: Synoptic land use information for Phu Ninhl Sub-Project Area ...... 17 Table 16: Synoptic socioeconomic information for Phu Ninh Suh-Project ...... 18 Table 17: Basic climate information for Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 19 Table 18: Flow characteristics at Phu Ninh ...... 21 Table 19: Flow distribution at Phu Ninh Reservoir ...... 21 Table 20: Salinity intrusion in three stations in Ihe Sub-Project Area ...... 23 Table 21: Summary of rare and endangered species found in Quang Nam Province ...... 24 Table 22: Recent changes in land use in Quang Nam Province ...... 26 Table 23: Land use serviced by two main canals in the command area ...... 26 Table 24: Current agricultural land use in pilot areas ...... 26 Table 25: Effect of insufficient water availability in the Sub-Project Area from May to Middle August, 2002 ...... 27 Table 26: Example aquaculture projects in the Sub-Project Area ...... 28 Table 27: Summary of domestic and drinking water infornmation in pilot areas ...... 29 Table 28: Summary of environm1ental impacts for Phu Ninli Sub-Project ...... 32 Table 29: Estimated incremental inputs of fertilizer required for Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 45 Table 30: Estimated incremental inputs of pesticides required for Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 46 Table 31: Results of organochlorine pesticide samrpling in the 0 Mon Xa No Sub-Project in 2001 dry season ..... 46 Table 32: Summary of IDA Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies for Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 49 Table 33: Reporting requirements for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan ...... 55 Table 34: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Mitigation Program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 66 Table 35: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Monitoring Programs for Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 67 Table 36: List of assumptions made in cost estimation of Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan ...... 69 Table 37: Environmental mitigation program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project ...... 70 Table 38: Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program ...... 76 Table 39: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program ...... 78 Table 40: Surface water quality in Phu Ninh Sub-Project Area. Data were obtained on 17 December 2002 ..... 91 Table 41: Surface water quality in the Phu Ninh Reservoir, 1999 and 2000...... 91 Table 42: List of rare and endangered mammals in Quang Nam Province ...... 109 Table 43: List of rare anrl endangered birds in Quang Narn Province ...... 109 Table 44: List of rare and endangered reptiles in Quang Nam Province ...... 109 Table 45: List of rare and endangered plants in Quang Nam Province ...... 110

viii LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF COMPONENTS AND SUB-PROJECTS OF VWRAP ...... 2 FIGURE 2: OVERVIEW OF THE PHU NINH SUB-PROJECT ...... FIGURE 3: HISTORICAL 3 MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (MM) AT PHU NINH RESERVOIR AND XUAN BINH ...... 19 FIGURE 4: PHu NINH RESERVOIR LEVEL. DATA FROM PHU NINH IMC, FROM 1981 TO 2002 ...... 21 FIGURE 5: INCIDENCE OF POVERTY IN PHU NINH PILOT AREAS ...... ,29 FIGURE 6: PREDICTED CHANGE IN INCIDENCE OF POVERTY IN PILOT AREAS WITH SUB-PROJECT ...... 39

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(as of April 2003)

Current Unit - Viet Nam Dong (VND) US $1.00 - VND 15,300 VND 1,000 - US $0.065

ix ACRONYMS AND ABBREV'IATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BP Bank Procedure CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CPC Communie People's Comrtilttee CPO Central Project Office (of MARD) DANIDA Danish International Developrnent Assistance DARD Department of Agricultural and Rural Development DoCI Department of Culture and Information DoFi Department of Fisheries Doi Department of Industry DoSTE Department of Science, Technology and Environment DSA Daily Subsistence Allowance DWT Dead-Weight Tons EIA Environmental impact assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMD Environmental Management Department (DoSTE) EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan FPD Forest Protection Department FS Feasibility Study GoVN Government of Viet Nanm HEC Hydraulic Engineering Company HH Household IDA International Development Association IMC Irrigation Management Company IPM Integrated Pest Management IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature MARD Ministry of AgricultLire and Rural Development MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NEA National Environment Agency NGO Non-governmental organization NKH Nippon Koei Haskoning (the Consultant) NLEP National Law on Environmental Protection NPV Net Present Value O/M Operations and Maintenance OP Operation Policy PAH Project Affected Households PFS Pre-Feasibility Study PMF Probable Maximum Flood PMU Project Management Unit PPC Provincial People's Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan Sida Swedish International Development Agency Sio Sub-Project Implementation Office SIU Sub-Project Implementation Unit ToR Terms of Reference UXO Unexploded Ordnance VND Viet Nam Dong VWRAP Viet Nam Water Resources Assistance Project WB Woricl Bank

x 1: INTROI)UCTION

1.1 Backzrotitid and Objectives

The Government of Viet Nam (GoVN) has requested assistance from the International Development Association (IDA) to support the Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP)'. VWRAP has the following objectives:

MMake Vietnamese agriculture more internationally competitive and increase farmer incomes by introducing modern irrigation infrastructure and nianagement to the sector. . Reduce flood and disaster risk by improving dam safety and management. Promote the environmentally sustainable development of Thu Bon Basin through integrated development and management of water resources.

VWRAP is comprised of four separate but integrated elements (please see Figure 1 for the location of the following components and Sub-Projects):

Component 1: Irrigation Modernization and Dam Safety in five irrigation schemes: - Daui Tieng (Tay Ninh Province and Ho Chi Minht CityJ - Da Ban (Khan7h Hoe Province} - Ke Go (Ha Tinh Province) - Yen Lap (Quanp Ninh Province) - Cam Son - Cau Son (Bac Giang Province); Component 2: Dam Safety: - MARD Dam Repair Fund for other MARD dams outside the scope of VWRAP - Hoa Binh Dam Safety Upgrading - Dam Safety Institutional Development Component 3: Thu Bon Integrated River Basin Development (Quang Nam Province): - Irriqation modernization and Dam Safetv of the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme - Quana Hue- Vu Gia River Control Works: - Thu Bon Investment Preparation Component 4: Institutional Development and Capacity Building: - Training and Capacity Building - Design and Supervision Technical Assistance - Design and Supervision Costs - Provincial and MARD Incremental Costs

A separate LIA has been constructed for each nf the italicizecl and underlined Sub-Projects in the above list and each of these is termed a Sub-Project for the purposes of the VWRAP EIA.

This report is a draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the Phit Ninh Sub-Project prepared as part of overall VWRAP preparation. This report has been prepared and submitted in accordance with the Terms of Reference for Consulting Services for the VWRAP EIA Consultant (Annex 1). This document is one component of the overall VWRAP EIA:

Volume I - summary EIA of the entire VWRAP Project Volume 2 - total of seven EIA reports, one for each of the Sub-Projects listed above Volume 3 - Public Consultation Report

Specific public consultation and disclosure activities conducted in support of this Draft EtA are summarized in Annex 2.

1.2 Overview( of thc Il'u Nilii Sub-l'rojet

The Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme in southern Quang Namn Province is situated in the Tam Ky Catchment2 and is the one large irrigation schieme in the Thu Bon-Vu Gia River Basin (Figure 2). Construction on the Irrigation

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Figurnet ': Loctio ofi. compoent ; and..Sub-Projects ofnit VWRAPi Figure 2: Overview of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. 3 Scheme began in 1977 and was completed in 1986: 3 the scheme was designed to irrigate 23.000 ha and provide 1.6 m /s of domestic water supply. The main canal system has a total length 53 km and is mainly an earth embankment cross-section. Currently some 6 km is concrete-lined: partially as upgrading to reduce water seepage losses and serious erosion that in turn creates subsequent slippage of canal banks. The spillway facilities at the dam has been recently modified and provided with an increased capacity. Currently irrigated areas cover about 14,500 ha and the scheme provides 3,000 m3/day of water supply to Tarn Ky Town.

The original design functions of the Phu Ninh scheme were:

. Supply irrigation water for the designed irrigated area of 23.000 ha: . Supply water for domestic use and industrial use: Q = 1.6 m3/s: and . Combined with electricity generation : N,sembled = 1890 KW

Upgrading of the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme is required to increase irrigation water to the original planned area together as well as to expanding aquaculture and industrial sectors in Quang Nam Province. The first and now urgent works required is completion of the rehabilitation of the main canals, to ensure security of the irrigation scheme, and the associated off-take works. The repair of north and south main canals downstream of the dam stands out as an essential and urgently needed rehabilitation project. The need and benefit of concrete lining to main canals should be reviewed length-by-length of the canal taking into account cost, seepage mitigation, erosion potential, longer term hazard of canal side-wall collapse, and future maintenance planning and financing.

Upgrading of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project is a key component to the development of Quang Nam Province. In addition to its major role as the one large irrigation scheme in the Thu Bon-Vu Gia basin, it plays a part in flood mitigation and the supply of water to the fast-growing urban and industrial areas situated around Tam Ky Town, the provincial capital.

1.3 Legal anid Plannin2g Conitext, for I'lPu Nini) Sub-Project EIA

The Phu Ninh Sub-Project EIA has been prepared according to Viet Nam's legal, policy, and regulatory framework for environmental impact assessment3. The key legal instruments defining this national framework are:

. National Law on Environmental Protection (29L/CTN, 1994); * Decree 175/CP/1994 on Implementation of the NLEP; and . Circular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports

This EIA has also been prepared according to the following World Bank directives and guidelines for environmental impact assessment and natural resource management:

* Operational Policy 4.01 (and accompanying annexes) - Environmental Assessment; . Operational Policy 4.04 - Natural Habitats; . Operational Policy 4.36 - Forestry; . Operational Policy 11.03 - Cultural Property; * Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlenment; * Operational Policy 4.20 - Indigenous Peoples: . Operational Policy 4.37 - Safety of Dams; . Operational Policy 4.03 - Pesticide Management; . Operational Policy 7.60 - Projects in Disputed Areas; * Operational Policy 7.50 - International Waterways; . Bank Policy 17.50 - Public Disclosure; * General Policy 14.70: Involving Nongovernmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities; . where required, the Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook: and . The Environmental Assessment Sourcebookd.

In addition, this EIA considers other key legal instruments in Viet Nam for environmental protection and natural resource management:

. TCVN 5592 National Surface Water Quality Standards . TCVN 5944 National Groundwater Quality Standards

3Annex 3 contains a detailed description of the legal, policy, and regulatory framework within whichi this EIA has been prepared. 4World Bank Technical Paper No. 140 4 * TCVN 6980 (2001) Standards for Industrial Effluents Discharged Into Rivers Used for Domestic Water Supply * Decree 18/1986, the Ordinance on Conservation and Management of Living Aquatic Resources * 1991 Forestry Resource Protection and Development Act * Decision 1171, 1986, on Special Forest Management for Protected Areas

This EIA has also been prepared in the context of a number of international environmental conventions to which Viet Nam is a signatory:

* 1972 Convention Concerning the Protectiorn of the World Natural and Cultural Herilage (the World Heritage Convention). * 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES Convention) * 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and * 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity. The 2002 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (www.redlist,ora) was a main sourcebook for considering biodiversity resources within the Sub-Project's area of influence.

Finally, a number of national environmental and natural resources programs and plans were considered in the preparation of this EIA:

. National Strategy for Environmental Protection for 2001 to 2010 . National Biodiversity Action Plan (1995): . Forest Protection Department 1998 Protected Areas Plan of Vietnam to 2010; and . National Aquaculture Development Proaram (1999-2010).

1.4 Approach to V'NNRAP Defin-itionl, Prelaration, an1d Implementation

IDA and MARD have agreerd that VWRAP will have a phased approach to modernization in each of the Sub- Projects and VWRAP preparatiorn adopted a similar approach through detailed investigations of:

. headworks, main and primary canals for each of the Sub-Projects: and . a small number of pilot areas that consist of secondary and tertiary canal systems off the main and primary canals and which contain a total of about 20% of the total command area.

This approach was adopted so that the options (and combination of options) in terms of investments in physical infrastructure and management improvements that work best can be developed before full VWRAP implementation. The June 2002 IDA Aide Memoire notes that this approach will help reduce the risk assoriated with new infrastructure and water management techniques while still providing adequate budget to mooerruI,e ihe whole scheme. Annex 2 to the June 2002 IDA Aide Memoire indicates that this approach will mean that VWRAP works will be grouped into two phases. The first phase will include the finalized dam safety review, rehabilitation works for the dams, rehabilitation works for main and primary canals and rehabilitation works and modernization for the pilot areas. The second phase will include expanding the experiences gained throLigh pilot testing to the command areas beyond the pilot areas.

Therefore, while the general nature and design of the second phase (i.e., types of civil works, equipment, and facilities) will be similar to nature ancl design of the pilot area component of the first phase, the precise siting and location of the componenits of the second phase will not be known during Sub-Project appraisal. Therefore, the VWRAP Project Implementation Plan (PIP) will conlain as follows:

. Project and Sub-Project implementation arrangements for the entire VWRAP Project; . detailed specification of the technical/engineering implementation of the first phase, including first year works detailed design and bid packages; and . a programmatic framework specifying the arrangements and procedures for technical/engineering implementation of the second phase.

1.5 GenCIral Approacih to EIA Prevaration

1.5.1 Sources of Iniforiatioii Used in thc Preparatiotl of this EIA

Annex 4 contains a list of all the documents, maps, and other materials used in the preparation of this EiA. 5 Information used in preparing this EIA was obtained from a number of sources:

. The public consultations conducted throughout EIA preparation (Annex 2); . A set of Sub-Project feasibility study reporls prepared by the Consultant and Technology Transfer Company of the Ha Noi Water Resources University (CTC) under contract to the Consultant: Iinformation provided by the Consultant during preparation of the overall FS that updates information contained in the CTC feasibility study reports; . The March 2003 final PFS submitted by the Consultant to GoVN and IDA: . A socioeconomic assessment survey conducted by the Consultant in the pilot areas of the Sub-Project: . The gathering of secondary clata and inforrnation from various sources in government departments at the provincial, district, and commune level in Quang Nam Province; and . A small set of primary data on water quality that was obtained in order to initiate the establishment of a water quality baseline for the Sub-Project.

1.5.2 EIA ieMthodoloyg VWRAP Is classified as a Category A project and therefore requires the completion of a full EIA, and the overall approach and methodology for this EIA is based on the World Bank's Environmental Assessment Sourcebook. The Consultant has primary responsibility for meeting World Bank and GoVN policies on Involuntary Resettlement, Indigenous People and Dam Safety, and the contents, conclusions, and recommendations of this EIA are intended to support the Consultant in the preparation of Resettlement Action Plan and Ethnic Minority Development Plan for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project if they are required.

The engineering works recmrnrnended in the Stub-Project feasibility study reports prepared by CTC under contract to the Consultant represent the high end of investments contemplated for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project, in large part because of the extensive canal lining that these reports recommend. Financial constraints will limit the actual amount of canal lining that can be done in the Phu Ninh Suib-Project under VWRAP. However, because the preparation of the VWRAP FS occurred six weeks after the preparation of this draft EIA, not all the final information relating to the scope, scale, and location of the canal lining engineering works for the Phu Ninh Sub- Project could be included in this EIA. Therefore, the environmental assessments contained in this Phu Ninh EIA relating to canal lining can be considered as conservative. The actual environmental impacts from canal lining will be less than those described in this EIA because less length of canals will actually be lined under VWRAP.

1.5.3 Sub-Project Area of Intlen..ecc

For this EIA, the area of influence of the Sub-Project is defined as:

. The Phu Ninh Reservoir catchment area (total of 235 kM2); . The total command area of the Irrigation Scheme; and . Those locations that are outside of the watershed catchment area or the total command area of the Irrigation Scheme but which may be affected by the activities of the Sub-Project. This includes, for example, surface water and groundwater resources downstream of the command area, air quality outside of the command area. and natural habitats and ecosystems that may be located downstream of the command area. These are considered on a case-by-case basis in the Impact Assessrnent as possible cumuLiative effects of the Sub-Project on environmental resources (Chapter 4).

For the purposes of this EIA, the term "Sub-Project Area' is definecd as the Phu Ninhi Reservoir catchment area and the total command area of the Irrigation Scheme.

1.5.4 Scope of Eniviroinimental Nianaeiment1 IPlan for P'u Niiihi Sub-Pr oject

The Environmental Management Plan for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project (Chapter 5) contains the following components: . mitigation and monitoring requirements for the first phase of investments (i.e., headworks, main and primary canals, pilot areas, and other non-agricultural uses of the water resources provided by the Phu Ninh Scheme), including cost estimates; . mitigation and monitoring requirements for the second phase of investments (i.e., the remainder of the command area, exclusive of the pilot areas) including cost estimates. This second phase is based on an assessment of the similarity of the current environmental conditions in the pilot areas to the current environmental conditions in the remainder of the Sub-Project's command area (found at the end of Chapter 6 3: Description of Existing Environment): . implementation arrangements and implementation schedule for the overall Environmental Action Plan: . a programmatic framework which specifies how the specific mitigation and monitoring activities associated with the second phase are to be designed in detail and implemented during overall VWRAP implementation: . requirements for technical assistance to support implementation of the Environmental Management Plan including supervision and training: and * a detailed workplan for the first year of VWRAP implementation (i.e., pre-construction)

1.6 Outline of the EIA lfor the Pliu Ninli Sub-Proiect

Including this Introduction, the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EIA contains five sections:

Chapter 2 - Description of Phu Ninh Sub-Project A presentation, using the best available information of what engineering works are to be constructed, quantities of materials required, and land use changes in the command area that will be supported by the implementation of the Sub-Project

Chapter 3 - Description of Existing Environment a presentation of the current status of the physical, biological, and socioeconomic resources of the Sub-Project Area

Chapter 4 - Impact Assessment an evaluation of the environmental impacts of the Sub-Project

Chapter 5 - Environmental Management Plan mitigation and monitoring requirements, including implementation arrangements, costs, and schedule.

The EIA is supported by a set of technical annexes contained at the end of this volume.

7 2: DESCRIPTION OF Pi-i U NINtI SUB-PROJ ECT

The Phu Ninh Project consists of the following components:

. the Phu Ninh Dam Complex and Reservoir; . Phu Ninh spillway system; . Phu Ninh irrigation intakes; . Main canal system and associated water control strnclures; . primary, secondary, tertiary, and on-farn irrigation system and drainage system, and associated water control structures: and . management roads and associated transportation system.

2.1 Sumimiliar y, of CUI rrenit Situationi

The crurrent situation with respect to the civil works of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project is as follows:

. the headworks are in good structural condition due to extensive upgrading under WB1; . the system does not meet new dam safety standards; and . the irrigation system is degraded and requires significant upgrading.

2.1.1 Phil Niiih Nl\ain Danii and Rcscrvoir The technical specifications of the main Phii Ninh Dam and thie Phu Ninh Reservoir are found in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively (please see Figure 2 for the location of the main Phu Ninh Dam). There are no structural problems with the main dam as it was extensively upgraded in 2001 - 2002 under WB1.

2.1.2 SadilclDamis

The Phu Ninh Dam Complex contains five saddle dams in addition to the main dam (Table 3, please see Figure 2 for the location of the saddle dams). There are no structural problems with the saddle dams as they were all extensively upgraded in 2001 - 2002 under WB1.

2.1.3 SpiIlw'avs

The Phu Ninh headworks includes four spillways (Table 4, please see Figure 2 for the location of the spillways). There are no structural problems with the existing spillways as three of the four spillways were upgraded in 2001 - 2002 under WB1 and the new emergency spillway has just been completed and is therefore in good working condition.

2.1.4 Pliu Ninik Dain Coniplex Flood Safcty The Phu Ninh Dam does not meet new required design flood probability standards. The Phu Ninh Dam was constructed according to national dam safety stands (TCVN 5060-90) with a flood frequency of 200 years (p=0.5%). New national safety standards (TCVN 285-2002) require that the Phu Ninh Dam have a design flood probability P = 0.1% (1,000 years) and a check flood frequency of P = 0.02% (5,000 years). A revised set of flood design standards prepared by Viet Nam and the World Bank recommends a design flood probability of PMF because of the fact dam failure would have extremely serious consequences for Tam Ky Town immediately downstream of the Reservoir, as well as National Highway No. 1. Parameters for TCVN 5060-2002 and the recommended Viet Nam/World Bank standards are provided in Table 5. The Phu Ninh Dam, designed to withstand a 200 year flood event is designed far below either of these two new standards.

2.1.5 Irri-iation Intakes

There are three irrigation intakes, corresponding to the three main canals in the Irrigation Scheme (Table 6). There are no structural problems with the irrigation intakes as all were upgraded in 2001 - 2002 under WB1. 8 Table 1: Technical specifications of main Phu Ninh Dam. Parameters Properties Material Homogenous earthfill Darn Crest Longth 620 m Maximum Height 40 m Dam Crest Elevation 37.40 m Upstream Side Slope Rip rap Wave Wall Masonry stone, 1.10m high

Table 2: Technical specifications of Phu Ninh Reservoir.

Parameters Properties Catchment Area 235 km2 Maximum Water Level 35.40 m Normal Water Level 32.00 m Dead Storage Water Level 20.44 m Gross Storage 343.0 million m3 Effective Storage 273.7 million m3 Dead Storage 70.30 million m3

Table 3: Technical specifications of Phu Ninh saddle dams.

Parameters Unit Tu Yen Duong Lam Long Son 1 Long Son2 Long Son3 Material Earth Earth Earth Earth Earth Dam crest Length m 112 1,100 200 940 260 Maximum Height m 16.0 11.5 5.0 14.0 12.0 Dam Crest Elevation m 37.60 36.32 35.42 36.90 37.00 Upstream Side Slope Rip rap Rip rap Rip rap Rip rap

Table 4: Technical specifications of Phu Ninh spillways.

Parameters Unit Main Spillway Gated Spillway Emergency Parameters ~~~~~~~~ ~ Supplemental~~~~~~~~SpillwaySpillway Free spillway, Surface spillway, Surface spilway, Material reinforced reinforced Surface spiliway, reinforced concrete chuteconc chute masonry stone concrete, radial concrete chute concrete cnute gate Aperture Aperture Spillway Width m 37.00 dimension is 200 dimension is 2xl0x6 2x8x6 Spillway Sill Elevation m 32.00 26.00 35.40 24.00 Designed Flood Frequency, P % 0.50 0.50 0.10 3 Designed Flood Discharge m1s 380 1072 853 Comments UpgIadd under Upgraded under Constructed tinder Upgraded under CommentsWB-1 WB-l WB-1 WB-1

Table 5: Parameters for existing and required flood design for Phu Ninh Dam. Parameter Value Catchment Area 183 km2 Existing Flood Design Parameters Design Flood Frequency P=0.5% Discharge at Design Flood Frequency 4,490 m3/s New Flood Design Parameters Required Design Flood Frequency P=PMF Flood Peak 7,050 m3/s Flood Volume 761 million m3 Table 6: Technical specifications of Phu Ninh irrigation Intakes. Parameters North Sluice South Slulce Duong Lam Sluice Location Al head of North canal of Tu At head of South Canal, maini Duong Lam Saddle Dam Location______Yen Saddle Dam dam shoulder Duong_Lam_Saddle_Darn Type Box, pressure reinforced Box, non-pressure reinforced Box, non-pressure reinforced concrete concrete concrete Dimension 1x3x3 1x1.6x1.2 1.25x1.0 NxBxH t(m) Sluice sill elevation (m) 13.0 and 16.80 15.00 26.00 3 Designed discharge (m/s) 25.00 5.80 1.20 Canal Serviced North Canal South Canal Status Upgraded under WB 1 Upgraded under WB1 Upgraded under WB1

2.1.6 I rrii.ation Canal Syslemi

The main canals (Table 7) are severely degraded:

* because of the stony terrain, constructed cross sections were often not according to the design requirements. At present, average cross sections are about 60% of design cross section; . In some sections, severe erosion at canal side slopes has occurred due to high groundwater levels in the rainy season and because water spills over embankment during flood season; . many canal sections in clay soils are severely eroded; . canal have also experience blooms of aquatic plants, coming in to the irrigation system from the reservoir, that has clogged many of the irrigation channels; and llarge part of the main canals are seriously silted up.

The deterioration of the canal system increases in the lower levels of the canal system, with each succeeding level of canal being in worse condition than higher levels. In addition, the system of secondary and lower canals is incomplete.

Some of the canal systenm has been lined (Table 8).

2.1.7 W\'aler Couii -ol Sruclull cs oin tlhc I rrigaltion Canalt Syslen

The system of water control structures on the irrigation canal system is also very degraded:

Main Canals - Almost all structures on North Main Canal are stone masonry; initial construction quality was very pooi and maintenance over the years has been insufficient; - Aqueducts and siphons: there are cracks on inlet and outlet gates, mortar has disintegrated and been washed out, water has percolated through cracks, causing water loss. - Drainage sluices: inlets and outlets have been eroded, mortar has disintegrated, sluice bodies have settled and are in danger of breaking.

Lower Level Canals - Structures on the primary and lower level canals are in a more deteriorated condition, experiencing the same problems as on the main canal system. The deterioration of the water control structures increases at the lower level canal system, with each succeeding level of canal being in worse condition than higher levels.

2.1.8 Overall Effect of D)eUraded 11"ijal ioiM Schiellie

The overall effect of the degraded irrigation scheme is as follows:

Irrigation Design: 23,000 ha, Actual: 14,500 ha (63% efficiency) Municipal and Industrial Design: 1.6 m3/s, Actual: 0.3 mr/s (19% efficiency) Table 7: Technical specifications of main canals. Parameter North Main Canal South Main Canal Type Excavated earth canal Excavated earth canal Designed irrigated area (ha) 20,000 3,000 3 Designed discharge (m is) 25 5.8 Length (m) 47,000 8 000

Table 8: Canal lining completed to date. Canal I Length of Canal (Xm) Lining Completed (in) I Lining Proportion (%) North Canal System Main Canal 47.000 3,645 7.75 10 Canal 165,6361 | 21,021 12.69 20 and 30 Canals 977,308 24,498 2.51 SoutIl C nal System Main Canal 8.000 1 340 4.25 1° Canal 19,078 55,578 29.24 20 and 3° Canals 300,857 3,959 1.3

2.2 Descriptioni of Sul)-Prooect

2.2.1 Overall Obiectives of Sub-Proioect

The overall objectives of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project are to:

. Increase the available water in the Phu Ninh Reservoir to meet increasing water demands; . Ensure the safety of the Phu Ninh Dam Complex meets new flood design standards; * Upgrade the existing irrigation scheme; . Improve reliability, flexibility. and effectiveness of the irrigation system: . Reduce the cost of operation and maintenance; . Enable the scheme to satisfy all reasonable water needs by supplying a sufficient quantity of water at the required times of the year: and . Create the conditionis for sustainable socioeconomic development using the application of modern design, engineering, and irrigation system mrnnagement techriologies.

This will be achieved by modernization of technical infrastructure from the headworks to the farm fields and by modernization of the management system for the entire Irrigation Scheme.

2.2.2 Clianges in WateI UsC and( Allocalioin with Modcirnizatioia

Modernization of the Phui Ninh Irrigation Scheme is intended to support the shift in the use of the reservoir from that of largely supplying water for agricultural purposes to an integrated water use scheme (Table 9), supplying water to support:

. An increase in total water provided from 356 million m3/yr to 422.4 million m3/yr; . A decrease in water allocated to agriculture (currently 349 million m3/yr, to decrease to 305 million m3/yr); . An increase of 4,825 ha of cropping in 3,700 ha will be rice and 1,125 ha will be subsidiary crops; . expanding aquaculture activities within the command area; . increase supply of domestic water to rural residents throughout the Sub-Project Area: . supply of water for domestic and industrial water use, mostly to Tam Ky Town and the Chu Lai Industrial Zone in Nui Thanh District (currently 6.3 million m3/yr. to increase to 110.23 million m3/yr)

It will be necessary to increase Phu Ninh Reservoir storage in order to provide the additional 66 million m3 /yr. This will be accomnplished by increasing the water level at the end of [he rainy season from 32 m asl to 33 m asi. This will provide an additional 32 million m3 of storage, but will require modifications to a number of spillways as their sill elevations are all 33 m asi (see below). Increasing the end of rainy season reservoir water level by 1.0 m will not affect the structural integrity of the dams and will mean that the reservoir water level will still be below the maximum reservoir water level (35.4 m asl, Table 2, Page 9).

1 1 Table 9: Changes in water use with the Phu Nlnh Sub-Project.

Without Sub-Project . NWithSub-Pro ect (m3/yr) Water Use (m3/hr) Tam Ky Thang Que Son Duy Nuh Total (m/r y a Binh _____ Xuyen -Thanh _____ Irrigation 349.2 80.19 138.89 40.05 6.98 38.69 304.8 Aquaculture 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.27 0.27 Domestic Use 6.3 3.19 1.18 0.76 0.0 1.97 7.09 Industrial Use 45.63 5.48 0.73 0.0 58.4 110.23 Total Water Use 355.5 129.01 145.55 41.54 6.98 99.33 422.39 Dala from CTC (2002). Design Report oniPhu Ninh Irrigaiton System Modernizaltion Sub-Project - Quang Nam. Final Report: Water Balance Calculation: Report section on hydraulic calctilalions for Phu Ninh Reservoir operalion, pp. 9-12.

2.2.3 UI)Cradilnj! Str-uici irl i cntrity o,r i Ia(IW-orks

No work is required to be financed under VWRAP to upgrade the structural integrity of any of the headworks components: Phu Ninh Main Dam, supplementary saddle dams, existing spillways: or irrigation intakes, as all of this upgrading was completed under WB1.

2.2.4 UpfzradinLJ PhulNinii Dam Flood Sarety

The Phu Ninh Dam Complex flood safety will be upgraded to the required standards (P = PMF) by:

. Make provision to destroy the Long Son 1 Saddle Dam to provide more flow if the flood size reaches PMF grade; . Increase the height of saddle dam crests up to 37.40 m; and . construct wave walls on saddle dams (except for the Long Son 1 Saddle Dam).

2,2.5 Civil Works to Incr-ease Rcse-r-oir StoraL!e for Increased Watc- D)emand

Civil works will be constructed on three spillways to allow the end of rainy season reservoir level to be 33 m asl instead of its current 32 m asl and therefore allow for an increase in 32 million m3 of water storage. The following civil works will be constructed:

Main Spillway - A spillway gate with height 1 m will be added. This will essentially be a rubber dam on top of the present spillway sill

Gated Spillway and Supplemental Spillway - These two spillways are radial gated surface spillways. gate crest at elevation of 32.00m, equal to the present normal water level. On these spillways, either 1 m high clapper gates will be added on top of the crest of the present spillway gates or reinforced wave walls will be constructed.

2.2.6i Maini Canal Distributioni Sysicin and Associatcdl WN'atcr Control Structures

The engineering works for the upgrading the main canals and associated water control structures will consist of the following:

. Widening canal sections located on stony grotrndi to thp designed cross-section. With regards to earth canals in which thie cross section is smalter Ithan ihe design requirements, canal lining is preferred to increasing the cross section for increasing conveyance capability. Canal widening would be complicated with respect to land acquisition and resettlement: * Strengthen severely eroded canal sections as follows: . For canal sections not crossing clay soils, use welded concrete slabs on geo-textile . For canal sections crossing clay soils use pre-cast canal sections with fasteners. . Add new and strengthen existing inflow and outflow spillways and flood discharge drainage sluices at the canal sections that cross flood courses5; . Upgrade the canal embankments into proper management access roads; and

5 This is more important for the North Main Canal that runs along the bottom of hillslopes. 12 . Remedy and upgrade water control structures as follows: - Overhaul, upgrade or replace broken gates; - Supplement gates as required; and - Overhaul and upgrade or replace damaged hoisting equipment, and supply additional hoisting equipment as required.

2.2.7 Primary Canal Diistribtition System and Associated Water Contr-ol Structures

The engineering works for- the upgrading the primary canals and associated water control structures will consist of the following:

. Dredging and backfilling to restore the designed cross sections; * Strengthen severely eroded canal sections with welded concrete plates on geotextile; . Construct additional canals where required . Remedy and upgrade water control structures as follows: - Overhaul, upgrade, or replace broken structures: - Completely rebuild seriously damaged structures: - Supplement with additional gates as required; - Overhaul and replace all seriously damaged hoisting equipment; and - Overhaul and upgrade or replace damaged hoisting equipment. and supply additional hoisting equipment as required.

2.2.8 Secondary and Lower- Canals and Associated W'ater Control Structures

The engineering works for the upgrading the secondary anr' lower level canals and associated water control structures will consist of the following:

. Dredging and backfill side slope to restore present canal cross section to the original design; . Lining canals where poor geological conditions exist; . Add additional canals where required; . Repair damaged on-canal structures and supplement on-canal structures as required; . Overhaul, upgrade or replace broken gates; . Supplement gates as required: and . Overhaul and upgrade or replace damaged hoisting equipment, and supply additional hoisting equipment as required.

Ouantities of material required for upgradinig the PhU Ninh Irrigation Scheme and the canal system in the pilot areas are presented in Table 10 and Table 11, respectively.

2.2.9 Summary of Surface Transportation System Upgrading

Table 12 contains a summnary of the planned upgrading of the surface transportation system within the Phu Ninh Sub-Project.

2.2.10 Moderniization of the lrrigationi Nianalemenit System

The Sub-Project activities for modernization of thie irrigation management system will consist of:

. Electrification of the operation of water control structures down and including the structures controlling water into the secondary canals; . Upgrading the technical capacity of irrigation management personnel; . Upgrading the equipm ent and management facilities of tihe Phii Ninh IMC offices includirng the Management Stations; and . Improvement of the water user fee policies and the application and implementation of those policies.

2.2.11 Draina2c Systemi

Additional structures will be place to further complete the drainage system.

1 3 Table 10: Quantities of engineering required for uipgrading Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme.

Description Unit Headworks Canal System Total Excavated Soil tnm 2,271,615 2,271,615 Earthfill _ _ 2,101,857 2,101,857 Concrete no 150 369,674 369,824 Masonry Stone m 430,986 430,986 Masonry Brick m 259,626 259,626 Steel m_ 10,022 10,022 Geo-textile m 1_,342,807 1,342,807 Valve Gates set 3,809 3,8099 Hoisting Equipment set 3,809 3,809 Rubber Dam (BxH) m_ 37x1 37x1 l

Table 11: Quantities of engineering required for upgrading canal system in pilot areas'.

Total C nal Length (m) Lin d (m) Excavatio Concrete Pilot WihnEarthI 3 Area Current With Project Current Project (n ) Fill (m) MasoLry

Pilot Area No. 1 25,500 25,500 0 25,500 27,024 57,787 4,115 (Canal N12) ______Pilot Area No. 2 45,233 45,233 0 45,233 43,797 105,645 8,601

Total 70,733 70,733 0__ 70,733 70,821 163,432 12,716

Table 12: Description of plan,ned upgrades to surface transportation in Phu Ninh Sub-Project9 . Earth-fill, Other Fill Length (km) Width (m) excavation (Sand, Gravel, Type _i) Rock . _" With Sub- With Sub- Current Project Current Project Management Road along 52.8 52.8 2 t s 4 Included in Included in North and South . . 2 Table 10 Table 10 Main Canals l Management Included in Included in Road along 117 117 0.5 to 3 3 Table 10 Table 10 Primary Canal Table 10 Table_10

2.2.12 RCIuirCiCmets or,-Rcsctticiieiit anod Coimpecnsation [(or Landl Acuuisitioll

As currently configured, the Phu Ninh Sub-Project will require the resettlement of 5 households (Table 13). There are also some very modest requirements for compensation as a result of land acquisition. It must be recognized, also, that thie resettlement and compensation estimates contained in Table 13 do not include requirements that might occur when implementing the completion of the canal system at lower (tertiary and on- farm) levels.

2.3 Expected Clialzcs in Agricultural Land(1 Use

Table 14 provides the expected changes in agriculitural land use within thIe command area as a result of Sub- Project Implementation. The Sub-Project is expected to provide an additional 11,330 ha of cultivated agriculture per year.

6 Vanring types and sizes of valve gates will be used. Varying types and sizes of hoisting equipment will be used. Data from VRWAP Pre-feasibility Study Report. Report II.B 6 Phu Ninh Scheme Subproject Modernization Detailed information on foot-bridges is not available in the Phu Ninh Sub-Project design documents. 14 Table 13: Resettlement and compensation requirements for Phu Nlnh Sub-Project.

Sub-Project Component No. Households to be Land Acquisiti n (ha) Resettled Permanent Temporary Headworks 0 . 0 0.0 Canals 0 147.5 163 Total 0 147.5 163 Taken from final VRWAP PFS Report, submitted by Consultant to MARD and IDA.

Table 14: Expected changes In agricultural land use within the command area with Sub-Proju' implementation.

Land Use Type Current |Prjth Increment Summer Rice 7.200 13,788 6,588 Winter Rice 7,966 13,635 5,669 Maize 460 612 152 Sweet Potato 1,379 1,072 -302 Peanut 1,838 1,072 -777 Total 18,843 30,179 11,330 Taken from final VRWAP PFS Report, submilted by Consultant to MARD and IDA.

1 5 3: DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONNMENT

3.1 Location of Sub-Proiect

The location of the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme is as follows:

.the catchment area is in the Tam Ky River Basin of Quang Nam Province: . the Reservoir and headworks are located in Tam Ky Town of Quang Nam Province, about 100 km south of Da Nang City: . the irrigation system covers an area of 23,000 ha which includes: . five districts of Quang Nam Province: Nui Thanh. Tam Ky, Que Son, Thang Binh, and Duy Xuyen: . Additional beneficiary areas include: . Drinking water supply for Tam Ky Town . An expanding coastal aquaculture inrLustry . water supply for industrial development of food Processing in Tam Ky Town with 5,000m3 /day; casava 3 processing plant in Que Son District with 5,000m /day, and in the future water from Phu Ninh Reservoir will supply for Chu Lai Industrial Zone. . Tourism area in the Tu Yen Saddle Dam

Just over 400,000 thousand persons reside in the districts that form the Stub-Project. The Irrigation Scheme 2 covers an area of more than 1,000 km and has an average population density of nearly 490 people per km.2 Population density in the Tam Ky Town more than 600 persons per km2, while population densities in the four 2 remaining districts are more than 400 persons per km . Most of the land in the Sub-Project is used for agriculture.

Synoptic information for the Sub-Project area is presented in Table 15 and Table 16.

3.2 Phvsical Resources 3.2.1 Climate

Phu Ninh's catchment area and its irrigation scheme lies in the tropical monsoon region. Being located in the middle part of Viet Nam, The Phu Ninh Sub-Project Area has experiences two distinct seasons: the south-west monsoon season from April to September, with hot and dry weather in the coastal plain; and the north-east monsoon season from October to March characterized by extremely heavy rainfall during November and December.

Rainfall The study area has a tropical monsoon climate, with a pronounced rainy season from October to January, and dry season from February to September. Mean rainfall at the Phu Ninh Reservoir averages about, 2,700 mm, with almost 90% occurring in the rainy season (Figure 3). Rainfall peaks in October and November (about 700 mm per month) and the lowest rainfall is from February to April (40 to 60 mm per month). About 80% of the total annual rainfall occurs in the short rainy season. Rainfall in the rainy season often lasts many days; the short steep watersheds in the Sub-Project Area and throughout Quang Nam Province make the area prone to quick and intense floods. One day maximum rainfalls recorded in the Sub-Project Area are as follows: Xuan Binh Meteorological Station - 565 mm (3 December 1999), Tam Ky Meteorological Station - 392 mm (30 October 1978) and 405 mm (3 December 1999). Tra My Meteorological Station - 493 mm (29 October 1996) and 494 mm (22 November, 1998).

Temperature The yearly recorded data indicates that the mean monthly temperature is around 25.50C, with modest variation throughout the year (Table 17): the maximum temperature is 340C and minimum temperature is about 200C. The highest temperature occurs from May to August, while the lowest temperatures are from December to February.

Relative Humidity The mean relative humiclity in Sub-Project area is high, the annual mean relative humidity about 82%. It does not change much throughiout the year, with highest humidity (88%) in November and lowest humidity (77%) in July (Table 17).

Sunshine Hours There are an average of about 1.980 sunshine hours per year, equivalent to about 5.2 hours a day (Table 17).

16 Table 15: Synoptic land use information for Phu Ninh Sub-Project Area"'.

Basic Information Agricultural Land Use Forest Area Nature

E _) .2 r o. _ .

10o _ : --E rf_ rw X u Q c o o

10 ,~~~~~~~~ U~~ E 73 . o0 0 V a. 2 ~ i______Pilot A reas Tanm Thanh (1+2) TK (P1)-N12 1,640 8,527 520 880 460 460 460 1 40 380 0 29 Binh An - TB (P1)-N12 2,160 12.029 557 1,065 95 95 95 i 5 965 _ Binh Quy -TB (P2)-N16 972 4,644 478 473 140 140 140 1 80 253 . j Binh Tu -TB (P2)-N16 860 5,470 636 463 280 280 280 1 20 163 . I Binh Chanh -TB (P2)-N16 1,486 4,262 287 684 100 [ 100 J 100 25 559 Binh Quy -TB (P2)-N18 1.728 8.254 478 841 250 [ 250 | 250 10 551 - r Binh Tu -TB (P2)-N1 8 1,140 7,251 636 614 370 | 370 370 1 50 194 i _ i Binh Phu -TB (P2)-N18 2,665 4.575 172 452 60 60 | 60 20 372 TT Ha Lam - TB (P2)-N 18i 1,170 16,547 1,414 593 20 20 i 20 5 5681 Summary, Pilot Areas 13,821 71,559 518 6,064 1,775 1,775 ] 1,775 285 4,004 0 [ 29 0 [ 0 | 0 | 0 ______Districts in Command Area Thang Binh Distict 32.139 ] 151,835 472 14,153 6.536 | 6,536 | 6,720 - 3.180 252 311 1 2.103 | I ! Tam Ky Town 24.750 152.254 615 i 11.005 - 5,061 5.061 5.169 12.653 917 266 1.973 1 _ _ _ Duy Trung -Duy Xuven Distnct | 3,230 7.491 232 738 310 310 320 i i21 120| 0 608 ! °° I Que Son District 1 8.944 41.612 465 3.896 1,704 1.720 1,704 1,093 590 _ 1,260 Nui Thanh District 12.730 4 58.358 458 4,589 1,599 11599 | 1,679 ! 1,517 557 154 2,710 Summary, Command Area Districts | 81,792 | 411,5501 5031 34,382 15,210 | 15,226 15,592 8,564| 2,435 , 731 8,653 | 0 | 0 | 11 . . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sub-ProjectArea Upstream of Command Area Tam My Commune (NT) 6.831] 9.840 | 144 1,095 479 [ 6671 479 212 1941 7[ 1.273 _ | 1,786 _ , 2,448 Tam Son Commune (NT) 5,402 44.579 | 85 302 76 76 90 | 103 | 70 40 155 1 1,505 | | 3,132 Tam Tra Commune (NT) 9.713 | 2.825 29 258 17 57 ( 17| 65 75 18 23 |_ |_5.394 i 4,001 Tam Thanh Commune (NT) 5,396 I 3,997 74 848 79 797 94 130 617 2 1.809 | ! 397 | | 1,944 Summ. Upstream of Command Area 27,342 | 21,241 | 78 - 2,502 | 651 | 879| 680 | 510 956 67 3.260 0 1 9,082 0 11,526

'° Information is provided only for administrative units that are within particular parts of the Sub-Project: the boundaries of these administrative units do not necessanly correspond to the boundaries of the pilot areas, command areas, or areas of influence of the major headworks. The data give a qualitative understanding of the socioeconomic status of the Sub-Project area.

1 7 1 Table 16: Synoptic socioeconomic information for Phu Ninh Sub-Project" . Basic Si~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Cultural, Information Household BasicInformation Household Si~ze I Poverty Ethnic Minorities Historic

______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sites

qi 0

- -, di -J>

C N 0 0 Z 0~C ECO - 0 0 C 0 E.-~ )d (4 0 i 0() di 0 di di~~~~~~~~~~~~~C CL C CL ' < u CL ~ ~ - .z0 00 di - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ E o. SF o. E o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DE 0 ~~ di0. ~~0~0 la( d 0 0 ______~~A~~ . EL~0 J~~A-.~

______Districts in Command_Area Thang Binh District 32,139 151.8351472] 35,109 4.67 30,7801 0.46 19.4 No 99.96 0.4 1rTa .0 un 0.08k Ta 0.0f I I__ Tam Ky Town 24,750 152.254 615 18,338 4.25 15,334 0.72 7.0 No 99.701 0.301 16 Hoa 0.211 Co0tu 0.031 Ta-oi 0.031 1 3 Duy Tnung -Duy Xuyen District 3.230 7.491 232 1,863 4.22 1,615 0.46 21.0 Nol 99.991 0.011 11 Tay 0.1I0 0 QueSon District ~~~~~~8,94441.612 465 10,953 4.58 9,726 0.40 22.4 Nol 99.98 0.02 S5 Tav 0.0ogi~~B a 0.003 0 2 SummTanh omadAeDistrict s 12,7944150 5 450381 80,7023 4.39 66,809 0.51] 07 16.6es 99,8 0.13 0t.___ I.1- NummTanh Districct172.73omadAe 4158.581 4583 13,7023 4.24 69,354F 06.49 20.76 s 1009.001 0.11 0 ____ _

______Sub_Proj_tArea, Upstream of Command Area Tam My Commune (NT) 6.831[ 9,8401 1il 2.8351 34 2.8121 0.39[ 23.04 No 100.00 ci____ nal na Tam Son Commune (NT) 5,402 4.579 85 1,0701 4.28 1.05 1 0.291 42.89 Yes 100.00 0 nal na Tam Tra Commune (NT) 9,713 2.825 29 5081 4.65 608 0.42 [ 44,89 Yes 70.41 295 ~ 1 Car 29.59 na__na Tam Thanh Commune (NT) 5,3961 3,997 74~ 8861 4.51 870 0.971 30.00 Nol 100.00 0 3 nal na ~Summ. Upstream of Command Area 27,342[ 21,241 78 5,9 3.93 5,341 .7[ 31.53 21 96.06 3.941 ______]___ I nln

InforTmation is provided only for adiministrative units that areAwithin particular parts of the Sub-Project-, the boundaries of these administrative units do not necessarily conrespond the boundaries of the pilot areas, command areas, or areas of influence of the major headworks. The data give a qualitative understanding of the socioeconomic status of the Sub-I roject area. 18 3500 I I I I I I 35000 1 I I

2800 - 2800 - zz z 2100 - cm 2100 - .D Z I~~~~~~~~~ i 1400 - 1400 -

700 -700-

C, 9 q''p't"v0'0+~l~o 'oS"O 01

MONTH MONTH

Figure 3: Historical monthly precipitation (mm) at Phu Ninh Reservoir and Xuan Binh, in the middle of the Phu Ninh catchment. Source: Phu Ninh and Xuan Binh Hydrometeorological Stations. Data are from 1981 to 2001.

Table 17: Basic climate information for Phu Ninh Sub-Project.

Factor Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Monthly 78 48 44 83 166 165 185 175 I85 180 l55 143 Sunshine Hours Mean Monthly Relative Humidity % 86 86 83 81 77 79 75 76 82 86 88 87 Evapotranspiration 62 63 89 109 121 142 188 146 94 72 63 307 Data irorn Phu Ninh Hydrometeorological Station.

Evaporation The average annual evaporation is about 1,200 mm. The highest monthly evaporation is 188 mm in July: evaporation is highest in the dry season.

3.2.2 Landforms, IFopo_zrnphy:, and Gcologv

The Phu Ninh Reservoir is located in a low hill area. The average elevation of these hills is from 200-300 m, some of them up to more than 500 m but none are over 700m asi. The hills are steep, with average slopes usually more than 100. In general, the topographiy slopes from west-southwest to north-northeast. The upper parts of the Phu Ninh catchment are very mountainous; these mountains join with mountainous chains in Quang Ngai Province. These mountains are from 500 m to 600 m in elevation, and have slopes from 160 to 450. The west and northwestern part of the command area contains some hilly terrain with low hills.

Geological stratigraphy in the Sub-Project Area is complex and consists of Protozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic formations. Magnetic intrusions within the area are abundant and diverse. Geological formations in the Phu Ninh area proper are mostly comprised of Protozoic metamorphic rocks with a chemical composition of SiO2 49-56%; A1203 12-27%; Na2 O 1%; K20 5%; Co. Ni. Cr, and Ba are also present.

3.2.3 Soils

The soils of the Sub-Project Area consist of three main groups:

Yellow-Red Feralitic Soils These soils comprise 61% of the total Phu Ninh Reservoir catchment area. These soils are thin, with little topsoil, and often stony. These soils are found in almost the communes of this area.

1 9 These soils contain iron oxide and Aluminum oxide which cause the soils to be acid (pH from 4.5 to 5)12. These soils are easy eroded even on gradual slopes. Agricultural crop yield is low in these soils, but forest trees can be grown.

Red-Yellow Feralitic Soils These soils comprise 20% of the total Sub-Project Area and are covered by forests.

Sloping Alluvial Soils These soils are formed by erosion processes from hillsides to valleys near the streams. These soils are thick and have high humus content. They comprise about 15-17% of total area, and are found mostly in the command area of the Sub-Project.

3.2.4 Surface N'ater t-1vdroIo0

The hydrology of the Suh-Project Area is dominated hy the Ph,t Ninh Reservoir and the Tam Ky River.

I'IIU NINII RESERVOIR

The Phu Ninh Reservoir is fed from the Tarn Ky River. The Phu Ninih catchnient is located in a very high rainfall area, with a flood season from September to December or January. The highest rainfall occurs in October, November and December, whiile big floods often occur from middle November to middle December.

The normal water level in the reservoir is +32.0 m (Figure 4); the dead water level in the reservoir at 20.44 m. Total flow ranges from 344 million m3 to 273.7 million m3 equivalent with water levels at +32.0 m and + 20.44 m. 2 The surface area of reservoir is approximately 22.1 km2 equivalent with water level at + 32.0 m and 18.9 km equivalent with water level at +20.44 m.

TANM Ky RIVEi

The Tam Ky River is the largest in river southern Otuang Nam Province; it has a short length (30 km) and a steep slope (average slope is 5.6%). making it prone to high flows and rapid and extreme flooding; characteristics of Tam Ky River flows are presented in Table 18 and Table 19).

Water from the Phu Ninh Reservoir rins into the irrigation scheme at three locatinns:

. North main canal through tie irrigalion Intake at thie T,i Yen Saddlle Dam with maximum designerf --'ity of 27m3 /s; * through the intake at the Main Dam to the South main canal with a maximum designed capacity of 5.8 m3/s; and 3 * through the irrigation intake in Duong Lam Saddle Dam with maximum designed capacity of 1.2 m /s.

3.2.5 Surface Water Quality

There is no regular surface water quality monitoring of any kind within the Sub-Project Area and it is therefore not possible to make any comprehensive quantitative assessment of current water quality conditions withiin the Sub- Project Area, There have been a number of water quality surveys conducted in the Sub-Project Area (including a survey conducted as part of the preparation of this EIA): the main results of these surveys are found in Annex 6 (national water quality standards are provided in Annex 7). The main features of surface water quality in the Sub- Project Area are as follows.

Phu Ninh Reservoir The reservoir generally has good quality water witlh most water quality parameters within national surface water qualiity standardis. The suspended solid ranges from 10 f - 12.9: The parameters COD, BOD, and DO are all witlliln Category A of the national surface water quality standards (i.e., can be used for domestic and drinking water supply with treatment). Other constituents such as nitrate and lead are in very low concentrations, many times lower than the standard. Coliform levels are also lower than national Category A standards, likely due the low human populatioll tevels of the Reservoir catchment.

Command Area There few surface water quality surveys that have been conducted in the command

2 This acidity is not the same as the acid sulphate soils that are commonly found in the mijor river deltas Viet Nam. These soils do not generate a pulse of acidity at the start of the rainy season. 20 35 I l l l l l l l I Figure 4: Phu Ninh Reservoir level. Data 4 from Phu Ninh IMC, from 1981 to 2002.

30

Cl)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C 25 9I 20 1l______v-0 90 y OS o MONTH

Table 18: Flow characteristics at Phu Ninh.

3 Stan dard Flow (m1s) Flow at Different Frequenc ies l l W P=50% P-75% P=85% Xo Yr Mo ° l /s Q W w Q W 3 3 3 1m lsls 10 m/s m/s 103m3/sM3S M s l13 m3/s 3600 2500 79.3 18.6 586 18.1 570 14.7 463 13 410

Table 19: Flow distribution at Phu Ninh Reservoir. Month Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr_ 3 May Jun Jul Au Se Year Q75, m/s 36.95 55.22 40.01 8.22 359 0.88 .0.44 0.43 1.39 4.90 4.84 6 3 5.34 1 14.7 W, 10 m 98.71 143.13 107.18 22.03 8.68 _2.35 1.14 1.15 3.61 13.12 12.98 13.83 427.91

area to date indicate that surface water quality is generally acceptable but would require treatment for use as domestic and drinking water supply. In addilion. some water quality parameters such as BODs, COD, and Nitrate (NO3) content exceed surface water quality standards with category A but are within Category B standards signifying that this water can be used for agricultiure and aquaculture.

Pesticide levels in surface waters of the command area are unknown.

3.2.6 Groundwatcr Rcsources

Most of the wells used in the Sub-Project Area tap into shallow groundwater resources, with wells generally being around 7-8 m in depth. Shallow groundwater resources throughout the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme have become more abundant as a result of development of the Phu Ninh Reservoir and increasing supply of water for irrigation.

Groundwater resources in the Sub-Project Area are generally adequate and meet national groundwater standards quality except for bacterial pollution (coliform, and E. coli). Bacterial pollution in groundwater has been recorded in Binh Nam Commune (Thang Binh District), Tam Phu, Tam Xuan, Tam Anh 2 Communes (Nui Thanh district). There are problems with heavy metals in the groundwater in some areas. Manganese and iron ievels in (Fe) the groundwater in Binh Nam Commune (Thang Binh District) are very high and exceed national groundwater quality standards. In addition. the groundwater in Tam Ky Town has high Nitrogen (N), organic content, and some groundwater samples are polluted by heavy metals"3.

One of the major groundwater quality issues is that of salinity intrusion in the dry season. into rivers and also into groundwater in domestic wells. Groundwater resources are affected by salinity intrusion in the lower parts of the command area and in all districts of Que Son, Thang Binh, Duy Xuyen, Nui Thanh. and Tam Ky Town (Table 20).

Pesticide levels in the groundwater resources of the Sub-Project Area are unknown.

3.2.7 Air Quality

None of the air quality monitoring stations in the national Environmental Monitoring system maintained by the National Environment Agency of Viet Nam are located in or near the Sub-Project Area, and there are therefore no long term records of air quality from the Sub-Project Area.

Data collected by Quang Nam DoSTE as part of its annual provincial State of the Environment reporting indicate that the air quality in Quang Nam Province is generally good with low content of SO2 and NO2 in towns and rural areas. Only in Tam Ky Town is the air quality of some concern, with simple parameters such as dust being up to twice as high as national air quality standards.

3.2.8 Mineral Resotirces

There are relatively few mineral resources in the Sub-Project Area. Gold has been found in Nui Thanh District and Tam Ky Town but the reserves have not been estimated and there are no extraction activities at present. Mineral water exploited from the Phu Ninh Reservoir, and granite stone is quarried Que Son District.

3.3 Bioloyical Resoturces

3.3.1 Tcrrcstrial Ecosystems aid Biodiversity

The Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme traverses three of Viet Nam's sixteen ecological regions:

. Kon Tum Mountain Forests Ecoregion; . Northern Viet Nam Coastal Moist Forest Ecoregion: and . Southern Viet Nam Coastal Forests Ecoregion.

There are essentially four types of terrestrial ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area:

Mountainous Terrestrial Ecosystems - In the highi mountains of the upper catchment, terrestrial ecosystems comprising both natural forest and artificial forest are found. There are a number of rare and endangered floral and faunal species fountd in the remaining natural forests of the upper watershed of the Suh-Project. Ardificial forests in the upper watersheds are more simplified ecosystems and were established as part of various national forest developmenit programs, including Project 327, Project PAM 4303, Project 661, as well as through annual provincial forest development programs.

Hill Area Terrestrial Ecosystems - In the hilly parts of the command area, vegetation cover is poor and soils are strongly affected by erosion. Terrestrial ecosystems in this area are largely simplified agricultural systems, consisting of gardens with a x of trees planted for agricultural production.

Irrigated Ecosystems - This area contains high simplified agricultural ecosystems that produce annual crops such as rice, vegetables, tobacco, groundnut, beans, and maize. These annual crop areas are interspersed with fruit trees and trees planted for shelter and fuelwood purposes. The command area consists almost entirely of this type of terrestrial ecosystem.

Coastal Wetlands" The Quang Nam coastline is dominated by sand and sand dunes and so coastal forests and wetlands have never been very abundant. Coastal wetlands in Quang Nam Province have

3 2001 State of the Environment Report for Quang Narn Province taken from GEC Ltd. 2000. ADB 5712-REG: Coastal and Marine Environmental Management in the South Ch,'r- Phase 2: National Coastal and Marine Environimiental Managemnent Strategy for Viet Nam, submitted to Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment and the Asian Development Bank. 22 Table 20: Salinity intrusion in three stations in the Sub-Project Area. Data from Quang Nam Province Department of Science, Technology, and Environment. Shaded entries are above national drinking water standards. May, 2002 June, 2002 July, 2002 Statio Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Station Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity

l__ _ ls(PP') p t)L (Pp'L (ppt) (ppt) (Ppt) Tu Cau 14.5 0.1 7.0 0.1 10.2 0.1 Cam Sa 11.0 0.1 5.7 0.1 9.0 0.1 Xuyen Dong 6.2 0.5 1.145 0.4 1.1 0.085

decreased in area (the province as a whole historically had more than 1,000 ha of mangrove; at present only about 100 ha remain). At present, there are about 19,000 ha of wetland in the province; a large proportion of these are found in the coastal district of Nui Thanh. The historical loss of coastal wetlands is due to a number of factors: - conversion to coastal aquaculture; - fuelwood exploitation; - land conversion to freshwater agriculture; and - alteration of tidal and salinity regimes caused by dike construction.

It is generally accepted that terrestrial biodiversity throughout Quang Nam Province has been severely affected by the loss of habitat and exploitation. A partial biodiversity survey was conducted in the catchment area of the Phu Ninh Reservoir in 1993. Quang Nam Province does contain a number of rare and endangered species (Annex 8), a numnber of which are on the IUCN 2002 Red List of Rare and Endangered Species (Table 21). It is likely that most of these terrestrial species, if they are tn be found within the Sub-Project Area at all would be found in the forested areas described above and not in the command area itself.

3.3.2 Aquatic Ecosivstenis anid Biodiversity

There are essentially three types of aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area:

. The highly simplified and modified aquatic ecosystems of the brackish aquaculture farminp areas and the irrigation canals; . The aquatic ecosystems of the major rivers running through the Sub-Project Area: and . The Phu Ninh Reservoir.

No fish species in Quang Nam Province are on either the Viet Nam Red List of Rare and Endangered Species or the 2002 IUCN Red List of Rare and Endangered Species.

As the other Reservoirs in the country, in the initial years of Phu Ninh Reservoir operation, fishery resources increased dramatically with the flushI of nutrients into the ecosystem. Now, many years after this nutrient flush, increased sedimentation of the reservoir reducing aquatic habitat, and overfishing, aquatic biodiversity in the reservoir is rather poor. The Reservoir contains both natural and introduced fish species. The average fish catch from the Reservoir is about 50 t/yr, consisting primarily of carp species.

There is a significant problem with aquatic plants in Ihe Phu Ninh Reservoir and in the upper parts of the canal system. These plants are difficult to remove and slow down water movement through the irrigation system. An attempt was made in the late 1990s to remove the plants (at a cost of US $7,000 but the control program was unsuccessful).

3.3.3 Foircst lResoturlces

PROIDUCTION FORESTS

There are 8,653 ha of land designated as production forest within the districts and communes that form the Sub- Project Area (Table 15, Page 17). This land is found on the hills that are scattered throughout the Sub-Project Area, mostly to the immediate west and south of the main command area. Forests on these hills are secondary forests, scrubby, and highly degraded due to long-tern exploitation for fuelwood and other purposes. Some of these areas have been artificially regenerated with eucalyptus and other tree species. These hill area production forests lie outside of the actual land that is currently served by the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme and there is no 23 Table 21: Summary of rare and endangered species found in Quang Nam Province. . Classof Species No. Species on IUCN No. Species in Viet Class ofSpecies 2002 Red List Nam Red Book Plants 8 8 Mammals 7 7 Reptiles 10 10 Birds 4 4

pumping contemplated in the Phu Ninh Sub-Project to deliver irrigation water to even the lower slopes of these hills. In fact, while the original design of the Irrigation Sclhenie called for some of the lower slopes of these hill areas to be serviced, the current Sub-Project will not provide irrigation water to these areas.

WATERSH ED PROTIECT ION FORESTS

The 23,409 ha Phu Ninh Watershed Protection Forest is located in the catchment of the Phu Ninh Reservoir is under the management of Quang Nam Provincial FPD (Annex 9). A watershed protection forest management board was established by Quang Nam Provincial People's Committee on 12 March 1997 (Quang Nam Provincial FPD 2000). Remote sensing data, indicate that the site is entirely devoid of natural, original forest resources. A total of 9,289 people live inside the boundaries of the Watershed Protection Forest.

Quang Nam Provincial People's Committee has proposed to use the Phu Ninh Watershed Protection Forest as the basis for establishing a 23,000 ha natujre reserve that would be part of Viet Namas national system of protected areas. This proposed nature reserve is on MARD-FPD's 2010 national list of protected areas.

3.3.4 Nature Reserves and P'rotected Areas

There are no nature reserves either within the Sub-Project or in the vicinity of the Sub-Project Area that need to be assessed for possible downstream impacts of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project is the Phu Ninh Protected Forest' 5.

3.4 SocioecoInom1 ic Resoturlces

3.4.1 Population. Dcimograplh. ain(] Ethnic Conipositioni

The Phu Ninh Sub-Project Area contains a rather young (32% of the population is less than 18 years of age), almost exclusively rural, human population of about 400,000 persons (Table 16). The average household size is about 4.5 persons.

The predominantly rural population is dispersed, but due to the requirements for communication and transportation, the population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated along the banks of canals and rivers, and beside roads. Most farm families live in srnall village and commune settlements situated at the intersections or along the banks of the canals and rivers.

Almost all the residents of the command area belong to the Kirih ethnic group. 0.02% of households in the pilot areas (less than 5 households) belong to an ethnic group other than Kinh, while 0.13% of households in the pilot areas (about 130 households) in the districts with land in the Sub-Project command area belong to an ethnic group other than Kinh (Table 16). The situation upstream of the Phu Ninh Dam Complex is different; the communes with land in the Sub-Project Area upstream of the command area are comprised of about 70% Kinh and 30% ethnic minorities (Table 16).

'5 There are two main nature reserves in Quang Nam Province. Song Thanh Natuiral Reserve: This reserve spans the Nam Giang and Phuoc Son districts of the Quang Nam Province. This is a large area of forest along the national frontier between Viet Nam and Laos. Mountains in the reserve are generally less than 1,000 m. The region is most mountainous towards the Lao border. The Nature Reserve is an important catchment area for four rivers: Bung, Cai, Vu Gia, and Thu Bon. Ngoc Linh Natural Reserve: 41,420 ha (Kon Tum) and 18,430 ha (Quang Nam). The upper montane forests are mostly In very gocd condition, but it ecosystems become highly degraded on lower slopes; in places, agricultural clearance has extended to more than 1,500 m within the reserve boundary.

24 3.4.2 Land Use

While detailed land use inforrnation could not be obtained specifically for either pilot area or the entire command area, land use information for Quang Nam Province as a whole (Table 22) reveals a number of trends which consultations with local authorities indicate are qualitatively representative of the Sub-Project Area:

. Total agricultural land use has been very stable, increasing only 3.7% between 1998 and 2001; . Most of the increase in agricultural land has been in the cultivation of multi-year crops (23% increase in land use between 1998 and 2001). The area growing rice has actually increased only 0.9% between 1998 and 2001: . A rapid increase in aquaculture land (30% increase between 1998 and 2001); . Forested land has decreased substantially (16% decrease between 1998 and 2001, mostly due to the loss of natural forest); and . A large increase in the amount of unused land (195 increase between 1998 and 2001).

The main objective of the Phu Ninh Reservoir scheme was to provide water for irrigation of 23.000 ha of two rice crops in Tam Ky Town and four districts of Nui Thanh. Que Son, Thang Binh, Duy Xuyen, of which:

. The North Main Canal was to provided water for irrigating 20,000 ha of Tam Ky Town, Thang Binh. Que Son and Duy Xuyen districts; and . The South Main Canal was to provide water for irrigating 3,000 ha of Nui Thanh district.

The actual situation is somewhat different in the pilot areas (Table 23, Table 24). The reasons are the Main Canals and lower canal levels can not convey enough designed capacity because of erosion, sediment, and degraded regulator structures on the canals, high density of weeds reducing water flow in the all canals, especially in the Main Canals, and insufficient maintenance. The land result is that the areas at the end of canals do not receive enough water, with severe losses in commodity production (Table 25).

3.4.3 Agriculture PIr-oductionI

Agriculture Agriculture is the dominant economic activity of both the command area and the entire Sub-Project Area, comprising 44% of the total land in the districts with land within the command area (Table 15, Page 17). 75% of this agricultural area is used for the production of annual crops, including rice, maize, peanut, sweet potato and others. 6% of this agricultural area is in perennial crops such as sugarcane, gum-tree, and fruit tree plantations. The cropping pattern applied by the farmers largely depends on the availability of irrigation water. If sufficient water is available at the proper times of the year, double rice is the common cropping pattern. In rainfed conditions supplemented by groundwater irrigation, one or two rice crops may be alternated with bean, vegetables and groundnut. In strictly rainfed irrigation conditions, sugarcane and cassava are the most common crops. Crop diversification is increasing in the command area.

Cropping Intensity and Yield There are two main crop seasons in the year. In the winter/spring season, rice, maize, peanut, Holland peas, sweet-potatoes, cassava are grown, in which rice area is about 85%. In summer/autumn season, the rice area is about 94% and the remaining consists of maize, peanut, sweet- potatoes, cassava. The annual Cl for the entire scheme is 155-166%, and the cultivated area in the winter/spring season is less than in the summer/autumn season. The reason for the low Cl is inadequate irrigation water in the dry season (Table 25, Page 27). Cl is high where recent improvements to canals and their control structures have been completed. The Sub-Project Area is characterized hy undulating topography, which has caused difficulties in constructing secondary and tertiary canals; 20% of the total command area still relies substantially on rainwater for irrigation. The average annual rice yielrl is 3.5-4.0 t/ha/crop and the average maize yield is 4.0 t/ha. Low rice yields are mainly owing to poor soil qtuality, inadequate irrigation water and application of fertilizer, and widespread use of low quality seeds.

Agricuiltural productivity varies widely from the upper end to the lower end of the command area. Cropping intensity is high in the upper reaches of the pilot areas, as farmriers there get adequate irrigation water supplies to cultivate land. In the tail-end areas of the canal commands, crops sometimes fail to mature because of shortage of water (Table 25, Page 27).

IPM IPM programs have been developed in all communes located in the Sub-Project Area. From 60% to 100% of villages in each commune have received IPM extension services or training in the use of IPM. Chemical use in the Sub-Project area has declined since the delivery of the IPM training courses (21% decline between 1993 and 2001) but this may be due to the shift in land use to production activities that require less or no pesticide, such as aquaculture.

25. Table 22: Recent changes in land use in Quang Nam Province.

1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Area (ha) 1,040,514 1,040,514 1,040,747 1,040,728 Agriculture Land 106,797 107,873 110,606 110,773 Annual 81,826 81.538 82,732 82,619 -Paddy 49,198 49,075 49,097 49,295 -Cereal. annual industrial 22.918 21,984 21,544 22,819 -Special vegetation land 108 43 43 44 Multi-Year 5,615 6,375 6,705 6.933 -Industrial crop 1,974 2,192 2,629 2,706 -Fruits 1,841 1,923 2.096 2,105 -Other 1,800 2,260 1,980 2,122 Pasture Land 55 57 57 56 Aguaculture 1,385 1,658 1,688 1,802 Forest Land 512,864 425,921 430,033 432,675 Natural forest 476,069 388,803 388,804 389,147 Planted forest 36,789 37,110 41,218 43.517 Special Use Land 25,589 26,015 26,113 26,800 Construction Land 2,012 2,097 2,134 2,222 Transportation land 5.919 6,149 6,149 6,647 Irrigalion Land 7,382 8,273 8,429 8,535 Homestead Land 6,306 6,872 6,987 7,221 Unused Land 388,958 473,833 476,008 463,259 Flat Land 25,878 27,621 28,702 28,993 Mountainous Land 327,247 399,842 399,239 394,063 Water surface Land 2,948 2,630 2,598 2,581 Other unused Land 7,853 12,584 12,214 13,269

Table 23: Land use serviced by two main canals in the command area. Current With the Sub-Pro ect Location Rice Other Total Rice Other Total Rie Agriculture TotalcuRice North Main Canal 10,455 2,175 12,730 12,456 3,274 15,730 South Main Canal 1,610 260 1,770 1,812 458 2,270 Total 12,065 2,435 14,500 14,268 3,732 18,000

Table 24: Current agricultural land use in pilot areas.

Area Under Cultivation (ha) Location Rice | hAgriultre Total

Canal N 12 Tam Thanh 1Commune [ 240 J 20 [ 260 Tam Thanh 2 Commune L 220 20 [ 260 Binh An 2 Commune | _ 95_| 5 [ 100 Canal N 16 I Binh Quy Commune [ 140 80 | 220 Binh Tu Commune [ 280 20 300 Binh Chanh Commune 100 25 125 Canal N18 l Binh Quy Commune 250 40 290 Binh Tu Commune 370 50 420 Binh Phu Commune 60 20 80 Ha Lam Town 20 5 25 Total 1,775 285 _2,080 l

26 Table 25: Effect of insufficient water availability in the Sub-Project Area from May to Middle August, 2002. Item.I T District l |ItemThan Unit hang |TamKy Nui Thanh Que Son DuyXuyen Total Unit Binh TmK u ue Rice I Affected Area ha 1,320 | 415 1 513 1,579 1,400 5,227 Complete Loss (Ž70% loss in ha 70 74 267 670 427 1'508 yield) _ Loss of 30-70% yield ha 530 375 445 1,320 1,983 4.653 Production Loss Equivalent Ton 1,139 888 1,701 4,104 7,252 15,084 Cash Loss Equivalent Bill. VND 2.1 2.0 1.7 6.156 12.3 24.3 _Other Annual Cr PS_l Affected Area ha 248 137 1 255 800 1,440 Complete ha 1220 36 9g 120 266 Cash Loss Equivalent Bill. VND 0.1 0.6 | 0.02 1.4 2.1 Industrial and Fruit Trees Affected Area ha 736 J 98 I _ 1,545 F _ 1__ 2.379 Completely loss ha 65 38.4 J 5201 623.4 Cash loss equivalent Bill. VND 0.4 0.3 _ 0.02 1 0.7 Aquaculture Affected Area ha 200 15 860 32 1,107 Cash Loss Equivalent Bill. VND 1.0 0.1 10.3 0.04 0.8 12.3

3.4.4 Aquaculturc

Development of brackish waler aquaculture is a sirong driving force in the coastal areas of Quang Nam Province mostly due to the ongoing implementation of the Nalional Aqquaculthire Development Program (1999-2010). In the year 2002, the total area of aquaculture in Quang Nam Province was 2,316 ha, of wlhich 85% was in the Sub- Project Area. Currently, most of the brackish walfr ai iacuiltire is of the extensive variety, requiring relatively low inputs for cultivation, although there is some semi-intensive brackish water aquacullure being practiced within the command area. In the district aquaculture plan, the total area of aquaculture will reach 6,000 ha by the year 2010. Most of the brackish water aquacuilure in the Sub-Project Area is a conversion of coastal wetland, rice cultivation land with historically low yields due to excessive saline conditions, mangrove forestland or unused land. Table 15 contains some examples of aquaculture projects occurring with the Sub-Project Area.

The water use and allocation for aquaculture witth the Sub-Project wilt increase markedly (Table 9). This represents about 35% of total water supplied to brackish water aquaculture, the remainder coming from marine 6 waters and rainfall' . Common tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, is the-most common brackish water aquaculture commodity produced. The yield under intensive cultivation can be very high, up to 2 t/ha/crop with 2 crops per year. Intensive cultivation is expensive, requiring high capital investments. Average annual yield of extensive shrimp cultivation, with lower inputs, is 0.1 to 0.2 t/ha.

There is little separation of water supply and drainage in the aquaculture areas and there is high water pollution of aquaculture ponds due to poor pond layout. Pond sediment waste which much be disposed of between crops is about 115 wet weight f/ha/crop (with 72% water content). In addition. the higher inputs of feed to the more intense cultivation methods creates higher organic pollution.

Freshwater aquaculture has also developed in recent years in the Phu Ninh Reservoir, and most of the fisheries production of the Reservoir now comes from freshwater aquaculture.

3.4.5 Ilouisehlol(d Iticxiiic ui id hliii(leice of' l'overf)y

The average annual per capita net income (from all sources and including all costs) in the pilot area is VND 2.16 million (US $141); about 74% of this is generated from agricultural activities (the rest comes from other activities such as hired-tabor, secondary businesses, and handicrafts), and about 42% of the per capita total net income is currently generated from rice cultivation.

16 None will be supplied by groundwater. 27 Table 26: Example aquaculture projects in the Sub-Project Area.

Location Type Area Previous Land U (ha) Water Supply and Drainage Canals l Supply canal made by earth, which is mix Duy Ninh - Duy Semi-intensive fresh water from natural river and sea water Xuyen brackish - common 128 Coastal wetland obtain the salinity around 15-25%o tiger prawn . Drainage canal was made by earth ool, I______waste water discharges directly to the sea I Supply canal made by earth, which is mix Tam Anh Semi-intensive One rice season, fresh water from natural river and sea water Commune- Nui brackish - common 118 wetland and dry obtain the salinity around 15-25%o Thanh District tiger prawn crop . Drainage canal was made by earth too, l______waste water discharges directly to the sea . Supply canal made by earth, which is mix Tam Phu, Tam . . - fresh waler from natural river and sea water Thang - Tam Ky Extensive brackish - 138 One rce season obtain the salinity around 15-25%o Town - c . Drainage canal was made by earth too.

. ~~~~~~~~~wastewater discharges directly to the sea

About 24% of the households in the two pilot areas do not meet the threshold poverty level of VND 100,000 per person per month (set by 2001 National Strategy for Poverty Alleviation and Employment, Figure 5, Page 18).

3.4.6 Domestic aid D)rinking W 'ater-Qualitl

While the drinking water supply above the Phu Ninh Dam Complex is unknown (although it is likely to be mostly surface water or dug wells), the drinking water supply in the three pilot areas is from three sources: about 83% of households use dug wells; and about 3% use drilled wells, and about 14% of households received piped water (most of these are in Tam Ky Town) (Table 27). Most pilot area households are satisfied with their domestic and drinking water supply, although groundwater quality surveys of wells in the pilot area suggest that this water does not meet all national drinking water standards, particularly for coliform and bacterial contamination (Section 3.2.6, Page 21).

Staff of the Phu Ninh Medical Aid Stations at commriune level during interviews conducted in the preparation of this EIA stated that groundwater quality is good, there is no problem with skin, eyes or others from using the groundwater resources as a supply of domestic and drinking water.

Tam Ky Town receives its water supply fromT) the Phu Ninh Reservoir directly via the pipe line; the quality of this water does not meet national domestic arnd drinking water quality standards and is therefore treated before use.

3.4.7 Disease and Public 1tcalthl

The Sub-Project Area experiences most of the well-known diseases of tropical and sub-tropical areas. Although no specific data were obtained relating to health conditions of the residents, the universal presence of bacterial contamination in domestic and drinking water supplies means that beneficiaries are at risk to water-borne diseases of bacterial origin are likely prevalent. However, interviews with staff of the Phu Ninh Medical Aid Stations at the commune level in the pilot areas indicated no unusual problems with waterborne diseases in the Sub-Project Area.

3.4.8 Industry

The level of industrialization in most of the command area is extremely low and consists mostly of small scale agricultural support enterprises. The vast majority of the industrial activity that takes place in the Sub-Protect Area is food processing (sugar refiniery, pineapple canning, cassava starch processing), as well as wood processing, and fertilizer productioll. There are plans to openi the large Chu Lai Industrial Zone in Nui Thanh District as well as to expand the existing Tam Ky Industrial Zone.

28 100

3 9090n 80

O 70 60 (

(D 50

X 4/ 40 n, povnrly tProshold sCt by 2001 (alonlS0rNtogy 1 fohPoverty lv 30f Alleviation and Employment

20 Cp10

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Monthly Per Capita Income ('000 VND) -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~20 Figure 5: Incidence of poverty in Ph Nilnh pilot areas. Data were collected In socioeconomic survey of 121 households conducted as part of socioeconomic assessment in FS.

Table 27: Summary of domestic and drinking water information in pilot areas. Source of Domestic Pilot Area %Satisfied withi/ Water and DrNnninch Wer Households Quality Piped 14 100 Dug Well 83 80 Drilled Well 3 100 ofdal frnl Pil Ninh Soreil Assevoiren. Survey

3.4.9 Tour-isminResotu-rces

The major tourism reSOurces in Quang Nam Province, thse Hofi An Tourism Area, My Son Tourism Area, and Cu Lao Chai Islands Tourismn Area. The only tourishresource of and significance in the Sub-Project Area is the Phu Ninh Reservoir Tourism Area which is being developed as an Ecotourism Zone, centering on the degraded secondary vegetation of the reservoir catchmaent and the mineral water being piped up from a vent at the bottom of the reservoir.

3.4.10 Culturial and I-l istor-ic Rcesourccs

Quang Nam Province is blessed by having two of Viet Narn's four UNESCO World Hleritage Sites: Hoi An Ancient Town and the My Son Chain Temnple Complex, neither of whiich are in the Suib-Project Area. Both of these are in other watershieds to the northi and northeast of thie Phu Nir'i Sub-Project Area.

In addition, there are 10 designated cuIltural and historic sites,in the districts which form the Suib-Project Area (Table 16. Page 18). All nf these are locatedi ini 1h commtiunes thiat form thie comman-nd amna: thlroo of Ithese are nationally-designated sites and seven are provincially-designated sites. The exact locations of these cultural and historic sites is maintained in the offices of the Quang Nam Department of Culture and Information (DoCI).

3.4.11 Navi _,ation and Transportation

Transportation Transportation along the main roads throughout the Sub-Project Area is good. The highway

29 from Da Nang City to Quang Nani Town is a good quality road: travel by road between downtown Da Nang City and Quang Nam Town now takes no more thian one and half hours. All communes and rnany villages are serviced by roads. However, the provincial, district, and commune roads are in poor condition. These roads are unsurfaced, mostly ungraded. and are difficult to use. especially in the rainy season. This is especially true of the paths running along the main canals as well as lower canal levels.

Navigation All the rivers in the Sub-Project Area are used for navigation, but only small boats can ply these waterways, transporting goods such as sand, wood, agricultural inputs (fertilizer) and outputs (rice).

30 4: IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Table 28 contains a summary of the predicted environmental impacts of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. The detailed rationale for the assessment of specific impacts contained in Table 28 is given below, beginning with Section 4.2, Page 33).

4.1 Enviroviuionintail I nivact Assessmienit Mctihodology

The potential impacts of the Phut Ninh Sub-Project on each environmental resource are assessed as being in one of the following seven categories":

NO IMPACT This assessnient is made when thiere is no impact of the Sub-Project on the environmental resource of concern. This assessment is made if Ihe Suh-Project activities of concern is to be spatially or temporally removed from the environmental resource.

SIGNIFICANT AND UNMITIGABLE IMPACT This assessment is made when there is expected to be an impact of the Sub-Project on the environmental resource of concern and: - the time scale of the impact is equal to or longer ihan the life span or time scale of the resource of concern OR - the area over which the impact may occur is equal to or larger than the area over which the resoUrce of concern occurs OR - the magnitude of the impact is equal to or larger relative to the abundance or quality of the resource of concern OR - the environmental resource of concern: (i) is important to local human populations: (ii) requires compliance with national, provincial, or district environmental protection laws, standards, and regulations'9 : (iii) requires compliance with Vietnam's international commitments' 9, triggers one of the IDA operational policies on environment; AND any one of the following: - there are no known mitigations OR - it is uncertain whether the significant impact can be effectively mitigated witlh available mitigation activities.

MITIGABLE IMPACT The impact is Significant, as described above, but it can be effectively mitigated, through one of the following methods:

- Impact Avoidance - some aspect of the Sub-Project design, construction, or operation is changed such that the impact no longer occurs; - Impact Minimization - measures are taken to reduce impacts to acceptable levels (e.g., ensuring that TCVN emission standards are met or a canal lining program the minimizes disruption to water users); - Impact Rectification - the impact is allowed to occur, but mitigation measures are subsequently taken to rehabilitate the environment to a level whereby the impact is within acceptable limits, such as restoring and re-vegetating borrow sites; or - Impact Compensation - the impact is allowed to occur but non-monetary compensation (first priority) or monetary compensation (second priority) are provided for losses created by the impact, such as in the case of resettlement or reforestation of an equivalent amount of forested land permanently lost through construction of a new spillway.

7 A general comment to the assessment of impacts contained in this EIA is that the actual amounts, sclheduting, and location of various types of engineering used in the assessmenit of impacts are those contained in the following documents: * Final VRWAP Pre-feasibility Study Report submiiitted to MARD and IDA in March 2003 . Phu Ninh Irrigatiorn System Feasibilily Study Report: Report otn Dam Safety . Phu Ninh Irrigation Systemn Feasibility Stujdy Report water Ealance Report . Phu Ninh Irrigatiorn System Feasibility Sturdy Report Report on Modernization of Phu Ninh Irrigation System. 18 Key Vietnanioso r1ocUiMie,ls include: Low on EnvitonnmIOntal Protection (1993); CP 175 Providirig Guidanrice on tile Implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection (1994): CP 490 Circular letter of Guidance on Setting up and Appraising the Environmnental Impact Assessment Report for Investment Projects (1998): and Tieu Chuan Viet Nam (1995, 1998, 2001) - national ambient and industrial air/water quality standards. 19 These include the Convention on Wetlands of internalional Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR), the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention), and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

31 Table 28: Summary of environmental impacts for Phu Ninh Sub-Project. PHYSICAL RESOURCES BIOLRESOURCES SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCES

LEGEND TO ENTRIES:; ° - - a- > 'S. BLANK -NO IMPACT I - INSIGNIFICANT IMPACT - M - SIGNIFICANT IMPACT THAT IS MITIGABLE , = o S - SIGNIFICANT IMPACT WHICH CAN NOT BE MITIGATED o o 2: aE z P -POSITIVEEFFECT Z~t C - COMBINATION OF IMPACTS _ a n 25 n 0 U - EXTENT AND LEVEL OFIMPACT UNKNOWN a .2 0

& 0~~a E 0' -Z In0 - ' -co0 , 0J- i- I Phu Ninh Dam - Basic Upgrading and Repair Uoqrade Headworks Management Road I I I |M I P P | M I I I P I I I I M Phu Ninh Dam- Strengthening Flood Control Canacity Occurrence of Flooo Desion Eve,it I Safety assured through implementation of Emergency Preoaredness an[r!pared b Consultant rIncrease Saddle Oam Cfesl Hene ______------.-.------* ------' I 1---1 Conlsnct Wave Walls on SadceyDams IP P Increasing cnd of Rainy Season Reservoir Storage Augment Three Existino Soillwa'-, to Increase Water Storage r I Ij I Ip pI PI I P I I Phu Ninh Main and Primary Canal Oishibution Sytm Line Canals to SlrenItnen Seve:eiv Eooied Sectons c C C[C U M M | C | | | WidenCanals at Aooroorate Senons iRocky Ground) M I P C C M M C C P M . | C M Ado New PrimarjCanals;VIe'.ewd _ _ M PM MU M C C PM P C M M Upgrade.Managemrni Road i PrmjIE C l s jM j hri P Mr P M ..2ppaseInd UDr;ace iiait an Gates. Hoising Eguitment Oter CiWortls _j C [ M C P M P Add New ace Slreernten Inaow a Cufflow iavsandDrain0eSuces [ PI M C P Imorove Water Level ana Discrnve Reulabon CM I Ir I P M I ___ _P Lower Level Canal ImganooSyster and Associated Re gulating Sbructrerns M _CompleteCanal Svstem to FaceField Level ______r M1_CC_i MM M| M ru[U r M [s M | Mc | | | i PI PP i P __ldeenC2ali nPngrm .______= _= _= = r M__ II |PIPI :i:L ]P: ::: _StrengtfrenSeveretlEroded Seceona ______C P M M M I C P C M I Reolace and UDgrace Canal Slice Gates. Hoistng Eauioment. Other Civil Woras C | P Modemizatoon of Irnigadon Management System Elecrification of ODeraion of Wc:er Control Structures ___ _ |No Direct Impacts on Environmental Resources of Phu Ninh Sub-Project Area.Positive effects from institutional development _Upadinrg Eq_ and_anaemet ~~T~ntFaciiiiFaciitieandiieii1 Mana,'ement Phu inh abqoSdreme and capacity building on improved water management resultingbeneficiarie in increased crop production and socioeconomic conditIons Desion and Imolementason of lu'noved Water User Fee Policies of beneficiaries Changes in Economic Activities

_Chagjesi Land Use and ComrodityProduction -___ | I|M I M II M | | P | L|P L_ JLL.. Waler Allocaton to Mluniaoalarc Industial Uses ______No Imoactausers will meet water requirements with/without Sub-Project. no incremental effects Chancjes in Aouacu:rure I Unknown due to lack of EIA for orovincial aquaculture program Resettlement and Compensation Resettement ol Prcect-Arfecte .-.oiusenolds and ComDensation for Land Acouistion I No environmental impact of resettlement because there will be no resettlement with Sub-Project Cross-Cutting Activities Related to Construction of Engineering Works Site Preen ratios antdCleating I___I _Constructon Camps______Effectsof constnruction camps and general construction activities are midigable through good construction camp practices. Construction Actthens . Effects of disturbance, movement and disposal of soils aramitigable thrnugh proper management and disposal of dredged Hating_ of Excavated Material ______and er cavated soils Stonae of Environrnentaltv-Senstive Matenals Cumulative Effects of Sub-ProjectImplementation onEnvironmental Resources Outside of Sub-Project .,,ra AllSub-Prolea Acmvties L U P P 32 This Chapter outlines the recommendecl mitigation and Chapter 5 presents each of the required mitigation measures in greater detail as part of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan.

INSIGNIFICANT IMPACT This assessment is made when there is expected to be an impact of the Sub-Project on the environmental resource of concern bLIt the impact is assessed to be too negligible to require intervention in the form of either mitigation or monitoring. This type of impact would occur when any-one of the criteria for impact significance, above, are not met.

UNKNOWN IMPACT This assessment is made when one of the following apply: - the presence of the Sub-Project activity of potential concern is uncertain: - the occurrence of the environmental resource within the Sub-Project area is uncertain; - the time scale of the impact is unknown; - the spatial scale over which the impact may occur is unknown; or - the magnitude of the impact can not be predricted.

POSITIVE This assessment is made when the eftect of the given Sub-Project activity will be to improve the condition and integrity of the environmental resource of concern.

COMBINATION This assessment is made wheni more thani one of the above assessments (i.e., some positive and some negative impacts) apply to the effect of a Sub-Project activity on an environmental resource of concern.

4.2 AOplicatiop of JDA Operatimiial lolicies

Most of the IDA Operational Policies identified for possible application to VWRAP apply to the Phu Ninh Sub- Project and are used in the detailed assessment of environmental impacts, below, Some of the IDA Opb, .::-al Policies, however, are not triggered by the Phu Ninh Sub-Project and are not considered further in this EIA:

Operational Policy 7.60 - Projects in Disputed Areas - None of the Sub-Project Area or the area of infiuence of the Sub-Project is part of a territory whose jurisdiction is disputed by another country Operational Policy 7.50 - International Waterways - None of the water bodies associated with the Phu Ninh Sub-Project form a boundary between, or flow through the territory of another country; - None of the water bodies associated with the Phu Ninh Stib-Project are a any tributary or component of any waterway described above: and - None of the water boclies associated wilh the Phu Ninh Sub-Project is recognized as a necessary channel of communication between the open sea and other states countries or of any river flowing into such waters.

4.3 Actihities wvili Consistcnit Imipacts on all EIIvironimental R,esources

There are a number of Phu Ninh Sub-Project activities that are assessed to have the same impacts for all environmental resources they will affect, whatever phases of the Sub-Project (pre-construction, construction, and operation) they will occur and in whichever investment phase they will occur - first, second, or both. Rather than present these individually for each environmental resource in this chapter, they are presented synoptically below and not analyzed and presented further in the detailed assessment that begins with Section 4.6.1, Page 40.

4.3.1 Effects of Damn Safetyl Ilisl

In the event of a large flood, residents will be at risk to significant damage to them and their assets. This is assessed as a SIGNIFICANT AND MITIGABLE IMPACT through the implementation of the Phui Ninh Dam Safety Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) prepared as part of the overall Phu Ninh Sub-Project FS. The EPP will enable residents as risk to be notified and advised on what precautions they should take in order to minimize the risk to them in the event of a design flood occurrence.

4.3.2 Repairi'i2 and Upt_radinIz ExistinLu Civil WN'orks ati( Facilities

A large number of Sub-Project activities involve the repairing of existing civil works and facilities. The following 33 specific activities are assessed as having NO IMPACT on any of the environmental resources of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Area:

Upgrading Phu Ninh Dam Complex Flood Safety - Increase the height of saddle dam crests up to 37.40 m; and - construct wave walls on three of the four saddle dams. Civil Works to Increase Reservoir Storage for Increased Water Demand - A gate on the main spillway with height 1 m will be added. This will essentially be a rubber dam on top of the present spillway sill: and - On the gated supplemental spiliways, either 1 m high clapper gates will be added on top of the crest of the present spillway gates or reinforced wave walls will be constructed. Main Canal Distribution System and Associated Water Control Structures - Remedy and upgrade water control structores as follows: - Overhaul, upgrade or replace broken gates: - Supplement gates as required; and - Overhaul and upgrade or replace damaged hoisting equipment, and supply additional hoisting equipment as required. Primiiary Canal Distribution System and Associated Water Control Structures - Remedy and upgrade waler control structures as follows: - Overhaul, upgrade. or replace broken structures: - Completely rebuiid seriously damaged structures: - Supplement with additional gales as required: - Overhiaul and replace all seriously damaged hoisting equipmnent; and - Overhaul and upgrade or replace damaged hoisting equipment, and supply additional hoisting equipment as required. Secondary and Lower Canals and Associated Water Control Structures - Repair damaged on-canal structures and supplement on-canal structures as required: - Overhaul, upgrade or replace broken gates; - Supplement gates as required; and - Overhaul and upgrade or replace damaged hoisting equipment, and supply additlonal hoisting equipmenl as required.

The Sub-Project activities listed immediately above will be associated with other Sub-Project activities such as the establishment of construction camps; the assessment of impacts of these associated activities on environmental resources of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Area is discussed in this Chapter, below. In addition, other Sub-Project activities are assessed as having rtifferent types of impact on different environmental reSources; these assessments are analyzed and presentedt in greater detail starting with Section 4.6.1, Page 40.

4.3.3 NIodcrnizationi of IrrilZationi l anIa.c1etncnt Svsielnl

The modernization of the Phtu Ninh irrigation management system, consisting of upgrading the technical capacity of irrigation management personnel, improvement of water user fee policies, and upgrading Phu Ninh iMC equipment and management facilities will have NO IMPACT directly on the environmental resources of the Sub- Project area. There will be indirect POSITIVE effects, however, from institutional development and capacity building on improved water management resulting in increased crop production and socioeconomic conditions of beneficiaries.

4.3.4 Constr uction Activities Associated with Suh-Proiect Iniplicientation

The major engineering civil works of the Sub-Project will create the need for temporary construction worker camps. These construction camps will have negative impacts on the environment through land disturbance, generation of waste (solid and liquid), use of heavy vehicles and other machinery (increased noised levels localized air pollution, particularly in areas of human habitation), and requirements for domestic and drinking water supply. Despite the fact that the size and proposed location of the construction camps is unknown at this time, all these impacts are MITIGABLE through good construction camp practices.

In addition. there will considerable distLurhance of soils in all aspects of canal systenm upgrading (Table 10, Page 14). Tnere will need to be effective handling of soils so that they cause minimal disturbance to the environment, pWrticularly witlh respect to sedimentationi of water courses, and degradation of water quality. These impacts are assessed as MITIGABLE.

34 4.3.5 Etniironinental Inipacts of lrsettlciiicnt and( Land Aciuisition

Large-scale resettlement can cause environmental and social impacts if not implemented carefully implemented such as occurred as a result of resettlement during the construction of the Hoa Binh Dam in northern Viet Nam. Impacts of resettlement on the environment can include forest cutting or wetland encroachment, adoption of unsustainable agricultural practices and livelihood patterns, and land tenure issues. This is not the case with the Phu Ninh Sub-Project in which no households will need to be resettled. No mitigation or monitoring is required for the environmental impacts of resettlement.

About 147.5 ha of land will be permanently acquired and 163 ha of land will be temporarily acquired (Table 13, Page 15) as a result of the Sub-Project. Compensation will be paid20 and there will be NO IMPACT of permanent land acquisition on environmental resources of the Sub-Project Area. The effects of temporary land acquisition are assessed as MITIGABLE by restoring the landscapes to their original condition after it has been used.

While there may be PAHs as a result of completion of the lower level canal system in the command area, these cases would almost certainly all involve compensation for land acquisition rather than resettlement, given the small size of the canals involved and concomitant land acquisition required.

4.3.6 NlitiLabIc I ii1palcls of Imircrased WN'atei- Supply rfor- NI uinicipal anid I ndiistr-ial Usc

The Sub-Project will increase water supply for non-commodity production uses, primarily municipal domestic and drinking water supply and industrial activities. fronm 0.2 m3/s at present to 3.5 m3/s with the 3 Sub-Project, an increase of more than 1,700%, or 512 million m /yr (0.284 million m3/day). About 1/3 of the estimated NPV generated by the Phu Ninhl Sub-Project will come from the net incremental benefits of water sales for municipal and industrial water uses (figures given in the final Pliu Ninh PFS report indicate EIRR = 21% for the entire Sub- Project; calculations made on the basis of only agricultural benefits result in an EIRR = 14%). The environmental issue concerning incremental environmental impacts of municipal and industrial water use is largely with the industrial sector; increasing the supply of water for domestic use will have substantial human health and other benefits. An expanding industrial sector will also provide many incremental socioeconomic benefits but will create incremental environmental impacts that will be difficult to control and manage.

Viet Nam has new industrial discharge regulations and also requires an approved EIA before licensing is given to an indListrial park or individual industrial facility. However, this is no guarantee that there will be no unacceptable environmental pollution as a result of these facilities. Every single facility in an industrial zone can be meeting industrial discharge standards and yet the receiving waters can not meet ambient water quality standards because of cumulative effects. Environmental enforr.ement also remains extraordinarily weak in Viet Nam end there is little doubt that industrial facilities in even new industrial zones will creale incremental environmental pollution within the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Area and its associated area of infiuence.

The sketchy surface water quality information that is available (Annex 5) suggests that the surface waters of Quang Nam Province are currently rallher unpolliuled. Thetefore, the incremental environmental effects of a large increase in water supply to industries that are likely to be poorly regulated may be more significant in Quang Nam Province, unlike, for example, Ho Chi Minh City and the Dau Tieng Sub-Project, where existing levels of industrial pollution in surface waters are already high and the incremental effect may be modest (and where there is already substantial investment from IDA and ADB in industrial pollution control and treatment, as well as an emerging Dong Nai River Basin Organization to assist in dealing with inter-provincial water pollution and water quality issues).

While it is completely impractical for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project to finance the construction and operation of industrial pollution control facilities, because such a high proportion of the Sub-Project benefits accrue from municipal and industrial water supply, it is reasonable to expect VWRAP to provide support to Quang Nam provincial departments (DoSTE, Dol, etc.) for strengthening their monitoring and enforcement capacity, raising awareness of industrial users, and strengthening the overall environmental governance of the industrial sector2".

20 following the requirements of Decree Nn.22/1998/ND-CP dalrdl 24 April, 1998 2' If the final economic and finianicial analyses follow recommendations contained in the January 2003 Aide-Memoire ( municipal and industrial water supply benefit cannot be said In ftully accrue from works on the scheme below the hierarchy of primary canals. Thierefore costs excfudiiig ciani safely and head works must be justified primarily by benefils to agriculture at farm-householdl level.'), the requlirement fo,ricluding this type of mitigation will not be required for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. At this stage of Sub-Project preparalion. if appears that municipal and industrial water benefits may not need to be included to economically juslify Ihc Su1h-Projecl.

35 4.3.7 Priovisioll of Ilicr c;asd(I NV'1 icr Stipplylu to Auactilttit-C

The Sub-Project will increase water supply to brackish water aquaculture both within and downstream of the command areas in order to support expansion of this economic activity in the coastal zone of Nui Thanh District and this impact is assessed as MITIGABLE.

This aquacultUre expansion is part of the National Aquaculture Development Program (1999-2010). This National Program, approved with Decision No. 22411999/QD-TTg specifies:

. an overall objective of achieving an aquaculture output of 2 million t/yr by 2010 from current levels of about 350,000 tYyr in 1999; . plans for aquaculture in coordination with investments in water resource infrastructure to increase the efficiency of investment and use of land and water areas; and . policies of development of aquaculture cultivation oriented towards increasing utilization of land and water areas for cultivating marine products.

Aquaculture is an extremely important economic activity in Viet Nam in general and in Quang Nam Province. It is one of the largest sources of foreign exchange in the country. However, there are costs associated with aquaculture expansion:

Loss of Coastal Wetlands - Coastal and mnarine aqunciilture production has increased rapidly in Viet Nam but this increase has largely been accomplished by exterisification, rather than intensification of aquaculture production. Average aquactilture yields since 1993 have risen very little. This extensification has occurred at the expense of coastal ecosystems, such as the case of coastal wetlands in the Mekong Delta where IDA is financing a large-scale rehabilitationl"7.

Water Pollution - In general, aquacultLure in coastal Viet Namn has not been sufficiently carefully planned. The result in some cases is increased water pollution, largely from unregulated flushing of pond sediment wastes into water systems that have not been planned to ensure separation of aquaculture pond intake and effluent2 3.

Freshwater supply to brackish water aquaculture to be provided from the Phu Ninh Sub-Project is needed to achieve the correct salinity levels in the ponds at various stages of prawn development. Without the Phu Ninh Sub-Project, it is doLubtful that aquaculture development will be able to proceed at the same rate it will be able to with the Sub-Project, and so there may in fact be incremental environmental effects of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project related to expansion of brackish water aquaculture. While Decree 175/CP requires overall strategies for regional and national development to be assessed for their environmental impacts, no ElAs were prepared for the provincial aquaculture plans. It would be prudent, as part of the pre-construction phase of the Phu Ninh Sub- Project Environmental Management Plan, to implement the following mitigation measures:

a conduct an EIA of that part of the Quang Narn Provincial Aquaculture Program that will benefit from improved water supply from the Phu Ninh Sub-Project to ensure proper pond arrangements, wastewater management, and pond sedimiient manaqernemnt are put into place and to determine the amount of coastal wetlands that will be lost as a resullt of the expansion of coastal aquaculture made possible by the provision of water from the Phi, Ninh Sub-Project: . if possible, restore and/or rehabilitate an area ol coastal wetlands as compensation for loss of coastal wetlands from aquaculture expansion as a resuli of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project: and . provide resources to educate aquaculture households on best environmental practices to minimize environmental impacts of their activities.

4.3.8 Inipacts on Polpulation ani( Comminiiliities

There are four potential impacts on the population and communities of the Sub-Project, all of which are assessed elsewhere in this Chapter:

. Mitigable effects of disturbance to households and communities caused by construction activities (Section 4.3.4, Page 34); . Mitigable effects of resettlement and compensation for land acquisition requirements (Section 4.3.5, Page

22 Coastal Wetlands Protection and Development Project. 23 Pollution from aquaculture activities was cited as the second most serious source of land-based pollution in coastal Viet Nam in a survey of the Directors of tIle provincial Science, Technology, and Environment Departments conducted as part of coastal community surveys Linder ADB TA 5712-REG: Coastal and Marine Environmental Management in the South China Sea, Phase 2 (GEC Ltd. 1999)

36 35): * Positive effects of increased employment (Section) 4.4.3, Page 37): and * Positive effects on household income and overall level of economic activity (Section 4.4.4, Page 38).

4.4 Environmental, Social Resources Recciviln2 Conisistent Environmental Impact

There are a number of environmental and social resources of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project that are predicted to be affected in the same way from all Sub-Project activities (i.e., all positive or all negative impacts) for whatever phases of the Sub-Project (pre-construction, construction. and operation) they will occur and in whichever phase of investments they will occur - first, second, or both. Rather than present these individually for each Sub-Project activity in this chapter, these environmental resources are presented synoptically below and not analyzed and presented further in the detailed assessment beginning with Section 4.6.1, Page 40.

4.4.1 Impacts on Envii onniental Rcsourccs in t'litiNinih Rescrvoir Catchnilclit

The Sub-Project will have NO IMPACT on the Phu Ninh Reservoir Catchment. There are no Sub-Project activities that will affect any environmental resources in the 235 km2 catchment of the Phu Ninh Reservoir:

. The height of the Phu Ninh Dam and tIhe saddle dams is not being increased and there will therefore be no land alienation from increased Reservoir height: . The operation of the Phu Ninh Reservoir will be basically the same with the Sub-Project as under current conditions and the with-Sub-Project water level regime in the Reservoir will essentially be the same as it is at present. The exception to this is Ihe increased water storage at the end of the rainy season, but this will not increase reservoir water levels to greater thian design water levels: oAccess to the catchment area above the Phu Ninh Reservoir will not change. New roads into the catchment will not be built and no existing roads in the catchmenl area will be enlarged or improved; . The remoteness of the catchment area means that no construction materials will be obtained from this part of the Sub-Project Area.

4.4.2 Sub-Proicct Inivacts on Raie andtl EndautnLceed Species

There have been no biodiversity surveys conducted in the command area and so it is not known whether the command area contains any rare and endangered species. The rare and endangered species contained in the 2002 IUCN Red List (Table 21, Page 24) are found in natural forested habitats which in the Sub-Project Area are found only in the catchment of the Phu Ninh Reservoir. It is extremely unlikely that there are any rare and endangered species in the command area because this area has long been almost exclusively used for human habitation and associated economic activities. Because of the likely absence of rare and endangered species in the command area, the effect of the SLib-Project on rare and endangered species in the command area is assessed as NO IMPACT. In addition, the prediction of no impacts of the Sub-Project on environmental resources in the catchment of the Phu Ninh Reservoir (see above) includes no effects of the Sub-Project on rare and endangered species in that part of the Sub-Project as well.

4.4.3 Sub-Project Impacts o' thie Sb-roiect On Eil nmploylilent

Practically all Sub-Project activities will havo a POSITIVE IMPACT on local employment. These positive effects will occur in a number of ways:

. short-term increase in employment from construction activities; . Longer term increase in the requirement for on-farm labor; and . Substantial indirect and induced employment generated as a result of both the short-term increase in construction employment and the increase in on-farm labor demand.

Direct and indirect benefits of local procurement will boost local economic activity over a period of 3-5 years. The only possible exception will be possible reduced labor requirements under a more automated irrigation management system. However, these are likely to be small and more than compensated for by the overall increase in employment with the Sub-Project. To reinforce the positive effects of the Sub-Project on local employment, it would be appropriate to give preference and priority to local residents in construction (and operation) of the Sub-Project wherever possible, by including a requirement in construction contracts for local hires and specific interest groups (e.g., women and ethnic minorities identified in the Phu Ninh EMDP as being 37 potentially disadvantaged by the Sub-Project), as well as to train local workers before construction begins to increase relevant skills and minimize project delays.

4.4.4 Impact on Economilic Activities, liiconic, and( Iicidence orPoverty

The Sub-Project will have a POSITIVE IMPACT on overall economic activity in the Sub-Project Area. as well as increasing household income and reducing the incidence of poverty in the Sub-Project Area. The increased short-term and long-term employment generated by the Sub-Project will increase the general level of economic activity in the Sub-Project Area. In addition, net incom-s of agricultural households from agriculture activities are predicted to increase by about 10% over and above current levels. The predicted increases in household incomes with the Sub-Project may be even greater with even higher crop diversification.

This increase in net income will also result in a decrease in overall poverty in the command area. It is predicted that the percentage of households in the two pilot areas not meeting the threshold poverty level of VND 100,000 per person per month (set by the 2001 National Strategy for Poverty Alleviation and Employment) will decline from about 24% at present to about 15% with the Sub-Project, a reduction in levels of absolute poverty of some 37% (Figure 6)24.

However, improvement in water resources is a necessary, but likely not sufficient intervention for achieving this reduction in poverty. For example, 94% of pilot area households interviewed as part of the socioeconomic survey conducted by the Consultant indicated thiey had trouble obtaining sufficient agricultural inputs. This may be limited transportation facilities for getting the agricultural inputs to the fields, but it may also be insufficient credit availability. The Sub-Project will remove sonie, but perhaps riot all, the constraints to agricultural production and to increasing farmer incomes.

There may be short-term negative effecis to) agricultiural commodity production as a result of canal lining and other canal reinforcements. This can be mitigated by developing rigid construction timetables for canal reinforcement and lining to minimize disruption to the beneficiaries and at the same time have efficient implementation of this part of the Sub-Project. This will require a detailed implementation plan for canal lining developed consultation with the Sub-Project beneficiaries and is discussed in more detail below in Section 4.6, Page 40.

4.4.5 Sub-Prolject Impacts on Inineral Resources

The effects of removing rock (for road construction or during canal system expansion) from new borrow sites is MITIGABLE through the restoration of the borrow sites after construction is completed.

4.4.6 Sub-Proiect ImI)acts on Air Quality

There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on air quality in or outside the Sub-Project Area. The exception to this is the operation of construction equipment for various Sub-Project activities and these irnpacts are addressed in detail in Section 4.3.4.

4.4.7 Sulb-l'roiect Imipacts on1Noise

There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on noise levels in or outside the Sub-Project Area. The exception to this is the operation of construction equipment for various Sub-Project activities and these impacts are assessed in detail in Section 4.3.4.

4.4.8 Sub-Proiect Impacts on Folrest Resouices

There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on forest resources in or outside the Sub-Project Area. The

The data in the chart were obtained from the socioeconomic survey conducted by the Consultant in the Pilot Areas of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. Net income without the Sub-Project is calculated as the sum of all income sources reported less the sum of all costs reported. Net income with the Sub-Project is calculated in the same way but assumes greater income from agricultural productioni due to the improvemenits in water supply. Table 14 suggests that cropping intensity will increase about 15% with the Sub-Project; it is assumed that yields of agricultural commodities will increase by the same percentage. Incremental agricultural net income is assumneed to be 50% of total incremental income. 38 100 4/ *l U, a 90

0 w 80 - E i, 70 1 60 5 0

Poverty threshold set by 2001 National Strategy Therefore, te for Poverty Alleviation and Employment

,~30/

4~20 10 /0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Monthily Per Capita Income ('000 VND)

Current - With Sub-Project

Figure 6: Predlicted cliange in incidence of poverty In Pilot Areas with Sub-ProjectSP.

production forest land within the districts and communes that form the Sub-Project Area (Table 15, Page 17) lie outside of the actual land that is Cuirrently served by the PhLi Ninh Irrigation Scheme and there is no pumping conitem-plated in thie Phiu Ninhi Suib-Project to deliver irrigationi water to even thie tower slopes of these hitls. Therefore, there will be no impacts on production forests in thie command area from Sub-Project activities. This assessment, coupled with the assessment of nio Suib-Project impacts on environmental resources within the Phu Ninhi Reservoir Catchment (Sectioni 4.4. 1, Page 37), means that there will be no impacts of the Sub-Project on Forest Resources.

4.4.9 Sub-Pi-oicct Inivacts on llumanitt Ilcalilh

There will be NO IMPACT of the Sub-Project on the health of the Sub-Project beneficiaries. Expansion of the existing IPM program should prevent any negative effects of possible increased pesticide use and there may be positive benefits of households having increased disposable income on being able to make increased use of health care services.

4.4.10 Sub-Proicet Impacts oni Natiric Reserves, 1'ro(ectcl( Areas, or Protectioni Forcsts

The Phu Ninh Sub-Project will have NO IMPACT on any recognized nature reserve, as the nearest nature reserves are upstream and to the north and south of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. In addition, because there will be no Sub-Project activities taking place in the Phu Ninh Reservoir catchment and no effects on environmental resources of the Phu Ninh Reservoir catchment, the Sub-Project will have no effects on the Phu Ninh Watershed Protection Forest.

4.5 Sub-Projcct IImpacts ofl'Pr-Consh tiction

4.5.1 Impacts of tue l,eg_acy o,r conlict

One of the ongoing consequences of the American War of the 1960s and 1970s is unexploded ordnance. Unexploded ordnance is uncovered througlhout Viet Nam and there are casualties every year from accidents involving these materials. The Phu Ninh Sub-Project involves the movement of a great deal of earth (Table 10, Page 14) for upgrading of existing civil works and construction of new civil works. Mortar shells, aerial bombs, 39 and other unexploded ordnance may all be found within the Sub-Project Area. Some de-mining has occurred at shallow depths, however virtually none has occurred in non-productive land or at depths greater than 2 m. There is a risk that unexploded ordnance will be uncovered during excavation, but this risk is assessed as MITIGABLE. As a precautionary measure. it will be necessary to provide resources for detecting and clearing unexploded 5 ordnance in the Sub-Project Area" at those construction activities that will occur at depths greater than 2 m.

4.5.2 Requireinents for Resettlement and Land Acquisition

These impacts are assessed as MITIGABLE. As indicated in Table 13, Page 15, no households will require resettlement, 147.5 ha of land will be permanently acquired, and 163 ha of land will be temporarily acquired. A detailed compensation scheme has been prepared according to both IDA and Vietnamese legal requirements.

4.6 Stub-P-o ject Imipacts of Colistrtuctioll

4.6.1 Imipacts oni Physical Rcsotirces

SoIlIS

Reduction In Erosion - POSITIVE The reinforcenment and strengthening of sections of the canal system throughout the command area will be a positive effect on soils in the immediate vicinity of the engineering civil works. Erosion will be reduced at those locations and farmers will not have to continually contend with their land eroding along the canals. As well, the additional lining of the canal system will also have a positive effect of reducing soil erosion along those particular lined portions.

Alienation of Sub-Project Soils - INSIGNIFICANT Somne soils will be permanently alienated as the 53 km of management road along the main canals are upgraded and widened to a consistent 4 m and the 117 km nf management roads along the primary canals are upgraded and widened to a consistent 3 m (Table 12, Page 14). However, this will be a small proportion of the total Sub-Project Area (0.05% of the total catchment area above Phu Ninh Dam plus full command area) and the effect is assessed as Insignificant. In addition, construction and/or upgrading of management roads along the main primary and lower-level canals will at worst cause only minor, temporary disturbances to soils from the actual construction activities themselves.

Earth Excavation, Storage, and Disposal - MITIGABLE 2.27 million m3 of earth and rock that will be excavated 3 and 2.1 million m of earth-fill that will be used to upgrade the irrigation canal distribution system (Table 10, Page 14). Soils to be excavated are unlikely to be contaminated as the entire Sub-Project Area has had little, if any, economic activities that would generate such contaminants. However, the large quantities of soil likely to be disturbed during construction are such that proper disposal, storage, and management of these soils are recommended as mitigation measures. Part of the mitigation measures will need to be ensuring that contaminated soil does not make it onto the Sub-Project site as earth-fill. One obvious means of disposal for some of these soils would be as inputs to upgraded management roads and canal tracks, as well as canal banks that need to be raised in order to accommodate possible downstream control of the irrigation system.

SURFACE W/ATEI IHYDROLOGY

Improved Efficiency of Water Use - POSITIVE The upgrading of the main and canal distribution system in the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme through dredging. re-aligning, and raising the main canals where required, replacing main sluice gates and hoisting equipment, implementation of a program of canal lining, and improving water level and discharge regulation will also have positive effects on surface water hydrology by increasing the efficiency of water use, thereby enabling greater water supply to be provided to the lower-level canal system. This is also the case with the completion and upgrading (through lining) of the lower-level canal system itself.

Improvement of Drainage - POSITIVE The slrenqohening of existing and provision of now inflow and outflow spillways and drainage sluices as part of the main canal systemii will improve thie hydrological conditions in the command area with respect to the ability to cultivate crops in the rainy season.

Changes in Basic Hydrological Regime - INSIGNIFICANT The hasic hydrological regime of the main, 10, 20, and 30 canals will change only modestly with the Sub-Project and the hydrological network will not change,

25 This mitigation is part of the ADB/GoVN financed Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project and is an accepted mitigation measure for linear transportation projects in Viel Nam. 40 whatever irrigation management alternative for thie canals is selected (i.e., upstream or downstream control). It is likely that the spatial and temporal patterns of drainage into the estuarine rivers and coastal channels of Quang Nam Province at the bottom end of the command area wili not significantly change. Therefore, the hydrological regime downstream of the command area is predicted to not change very much from the current regime.

Interruption of Canal Water Supply to Users During Canal Construction and Canal Lining - MITIGABLE Proper timing of the construction activities associated with main canal reinforcement and lining may negatively affect water supply to farmers downstream. On the one hand, construction of canal reinforcements in the dry season can proceed very quickly, but water supply needs to be turned off during the construction periods; the dry season is the season when water supply via the irrigation scheme is most critical. On the other hand, water supply to the farmers via the irrigation scheme is not as critical in the rainy season and yet construction is much more problematic and expensive given the larger amounts of water in the system at that time. It will be necessary to develop rigid construction timetables for canal lining to minimize disruption to the beneficiaries and at the same time have efficient implementation of this part of the Sub-Project. In addition, consultation with all affected parties will be required in order to reach agreement how much impact will be accepted by the affected groups.

SEDImENTATION ANI) ERiosIoN"

Improvement of Canal Integrity and Canal Bank Stability - POSITIVE Because incremental lining throughout Ithe entire canal systemii. as well as re-aligining arid strengthening these canals will have a positive effect of reducing soil erosion along the canal system, sedimentation is likely to be reduced within the canal system as well. The lining or other reinforcement of sections of the canals will be a positive effect on soils in the immediate vicinity of the engineering civil works. Erosion will be reduced at those locations and farmers will not have to continually contend witi their land eroding along the canals. This will reduce sedimentation into the canals and surface waters of the Sub-Project.

Earth Excavation, Storage, and Disposal - MITIGABLE There will be considerable moving and handling of soils involved with dredging in the main canals as well as raising the canals and strengthening them at locations that have eroded over time. The quantities of soil likely to be involved are such that proper disposal and management of these soils is recommended in order to minimize incremental sedimentation into the canals and other water bodies of the Sub-Projecl.

Disturbance of Sub-Project Soils During Implementation of Canal Engineerinig Works - MITIGABLE Most of the construction activities associated with upgrading tthe entire canal distribution system - completion ^ -' canal distribution system at the lower levels, canal reinforcenient, canal lining, and management road construction arid upgrading - couldl cause local disturharice to soils ancl thereby increase sediment content of the main canals. Minimization of soil disturbance duririg the construction activities through the application of standard good practice techniqLues durinig construction is reconimended in order to minimize additional sedimentation into the canals of the Sub-Project.

SURFACE WVATER QUALITY"

Changes in Erosion and Sedimentation - INSIGNIFICANT Erosion and sedimentation are the major issues with respect to surface water quality in the construction phase of the Sub-Project for the above Sub-Project activities. The extent to which the Sub-Project changes erosion and sedimentation in the surface waters of the Sub-Project (see above, Page 41), will be the extent to which these Sub-Project activities affect surface water quality in the Sub-Project Area.

Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Construction on Surface Water Quality - INSIGNIFICANT While there is some risk that surface water quality in the command area may change significantly as a result of the construction activities of the Sub-Project, it is unlikely that this will be the case with water quality downstream of the command area. Sediment concentrations will almost certainly change in the surface waters within the Sub-Project, particularly in the dry season. This, however, is unlikely to significantly affect water quality downstream of the command area, in tla estuarine and coastal waters of the coastal districts 26 All of the effects on erosion and sedimentation descrihbd helow will ba tocalizod. The nftects will not he detectable downstream of the command area and almost certainly not detectable in the estirarine an l coastal waters of the coastal districts that have land in the Sub-Project commnrsd area. 27 The absence of any existing surface water quality monitoring program in the Phu Ninh Sub-Project area makes it difficult to make quantitative predictions of Sub-Project impacts on surface waler quality. It will be necessary to implement a water quality effects monitoring prograrmi as part of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) in order to ensure that the predictions and assessmerits made below are valid and appropriate. 41 of the command area, because of the clilution of pollutants that would occur. However, the absence of any surface water quality monitoring information means that these predictions are uncertain. It would be prudent, therefore, to conduct surface water quality monitoritng downstream of the command area to confirm the assessments of cumulative impact made above.

GROUNDWATER RESOURCES2 8

Alteration of Rates and Patterns of Water Exchange Between Canals and Shallow Groundwater Systems - UNKNOWN The issue related to groundwater and canal lining relates to changes in groundwater availability for crop production and possibly also for domestic and drinking water uses. Based on the socioeconomic survey results in the two pilot areas, most of the households in the Sub-Project Area use groundwater as a source of domestic water. Lining srctions of the 1°. 2°. 3° and on-farm canals will obviously prevent the exchangn of cnnal water with the shallow groundwater system. This is likely to be most apparent in the dry season. Water levels in the canals at the throughout the command area are low during the dry season due to system inefficiencies. There is likely a net movement of waler from the shallow groundwater to the canal system during the dry season at the present time. This flow will be prevented because of canal lining with the Sub-Project. This, plus the expected increased availability of irrigation waler throughout the command area cduring the dry season (particularly at the bottom end of the system) will increase grounfdwater levels in 1he dry season. Little change is expected witlh tlhe Sub-Project in the rainy season. Any shortfalls in shallow groundwater resources in the rainy season that appear as a result of canal lining can be compensated by increasing water supply from the canals. It is worth noting that in the Dau Tieng Irrigation Scheme, Cu Chi District IMC indicated that groundwater levels had decreased near canals that were lined but that the decrease was marginal. However, because the magnitude of these effects can not be predicted and because of the importance of groundwater resources to Sub-Project beneficiaries, monitoring of groundwater levels in the vicinity of substantial canal lining activities is recommended.

4.6.2 Impacts on BioloLical Rcsourcecs

TE'RRESTRIAL EcossiYS1 I\SAND TEIIJtl.SII;TRIAL, l10D)1NlERSI1n'v

Permanent Loss of Terrestrial Ecosystems - INSIGNIFICANT Upgrading and widening the management roads along the nmain and primary canals to a consistent width of 4 m and 3 m, respectively (Table 12, Page 14), will permanently alienate about 0.05% of the total catchment area above Phu Ninh Dam plus the full command area; these effects are assessed as Insignificant.

The command area does contain some non-agricultural land on the hills to the west of the North Main Canal. However, the 142 ha of land that will be permanently acquLired for the Sub-Project is land that is within the original irrigated area and contains only agricultural and residential land and no natural terrestrial ecosystems.

Alteration of Landscapes During Extraction of Construction Materials - MITIGABLE Mitigation will be required to restore vegetation at excavation sites after construction is completed and to return the landscapes to their original condition.

Disturbance of Terrestrial Ecosystems During Construction - MITIGABLE Construction activities will temporarily disturb terrestrial ecosystems within the Sub-Project Area at and downstream of the Phu Ninh Dam and into the command area. Also, areas used for earth storage will also disturb landscapes within the Sub- Project Area: it is estimated that about 163 ha of iand will be temporarily acquired for construction activities (Table 13, Page 15). Even though compensation will be paid for the temporary use of this land, mitigation will be required to restore these sites after construction is completed and to return the landscapes to their original condition.

AQUATIr C EcosY STrENIS AN) AQUATI IC BiomNIVEItiSI'

Creation of New Canals - POSITIVE The completion of the canal systern in the comnnand area will increase the 28 As with surface waler quality, the absence of any exisling groundwater quality monitoring program in the Phu Ninh Sub- Project area makes it difficult to make quantitative predictions of Sub-Project impacts on groundwater quality. Environmental effects monitoring conducted as part of tle EnvirornoitTe lal Management Pian (Chapter 5) will need to Include groundwater quality monitoring in order to ensure that the predictions and assessments made below are valid and appropriate.

42 area of open water in the Sub-Project area. While these will be highly simplified and modified aquatic ecosystems, they represent an increase in the total area of aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area.

Reduction in Erosion and Sedimentation - POSITIVE Erosion and sedimentation are the major issues with respect to surface water quality in the Sub-Project for the above Sub-Project activities and the extent to which the Sub-Project activities listed above reduce erosion and sedimentation in the surface waters of the Sub-Project (see above, Page 41), will be the extent to which these Sub-Project activities affect aquatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area.

Decrease in Nutrient Inputs from Eroding Soils - INSIGNIFICANT Lining of canal sections as well as re- aligning and strengthening sections of the primary canals will decrease the amount of nutrients entering the primary canals from Sub-Project soils and this will be an insignificant, negative effect of the Sub-Project on aquatic ecosystems.

Increase in Erosion and Sedimentation - INSIGNIFICANT The extent to which erosion and sedimentation are increased as a result of various Sub-Project activities (see above. Page 41) will be tlhe extent to which these Sub- Project activities affect aqulatic ecosystems in the Sub-Project Area.'

Earth Excavation, Storage, and Disposal - MITIGABLE There will be considerable moving and handling of soils involved withi dredging in Ilie canals as well as raising the canals and strengthening thiein at locations that have eroded over tinme. The quantities of soil likely to be involved are such that proper disposal and management of these soils is recommended in order to minimize additional sedimentation into the main canals of the Sub- Project and minimize consequent negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity.

Disturbance of Sub-Project Soils During Implementation of Canal Engineering Works - MITIGABLE Most of the construction activities associated with upgrading the entire canal distribution system - completion of the canal distribution system at the lower levels, canal reinforcement, canal lining, and management road construction and upgrading - could cause local disturbance to soils and thereby negatively affect the integrity of canal aquatic ecosystems by increasing sediment content in main canals. Minimization of soil distuirbance during the construction activities through the application of standard good practice techniques during construction is recommended in order to minimize additional sedimentation into the canals of the Sub-Project.

Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Constriction Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems - Effects on aquatic ecosyslems downstreanm of the command area woutli be indirect ancl mediatecl thlrough changes in surface water quality. As the effects of the Sub-Project on sLirface water quality oultside of the Sub-Project are assessed to be likely insignificant (Page 41), it is also likely thiat the impacts of the construction of the Sub-Project on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the comnmatnd area will also be significant. Again, however, the absence of any surface water quality or aquatic resources monitoring information means that these predictions are essentially uncertain. The recommended surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area will enable these assessments of insignificant cumulative impact to be confirmed.

4.6.3 Impacts o01Socioccoiioiiiic RCesotiIcCs

INFRASTRUCTUI1E FACII.Trriis

Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Construction Activities on Infrastructure FacfIltles - MITIGABLE There may be damage caused to existing infrastructure, particularly roads, road signage, and bridges, caused by construction activities associated with implementation of the Sub-Project. These impacts are assessed as Mitigable and are presented above in Section 4.3.4, Page 34.

DOMIESTIC AND DRIZNKING WAlER SUPI'V111ANI) QUAL ITIN'

Change in Water Exclhange Between Canals ancl Shallow Groundwater Systems - INSIGNIFICANT Groundwater is the primary source of domnistic anl drinl•kinr waler for the Suh-Project henefici.ries (Section 3.4.6. Page 28). Lining sectiorns of the canal system will obviously alter the exchange of canal water with the shallow groundwater system: th e assessment of this effect is summarized below, from Page 42)

The issue related to groundwater and canal lining relates to changes in groundwater availability for crop production and possibly also for domestic and drinking water uses. Based on the socioeconomic survey results in the two pilot areas, most of the households in the Sub-Project Area use groundwater as a source of domestic water. Lining sections of the canal system will obviously prevent the exchange of canal water with the shallow groundwater systern. This is likely to be most apparent in the dry season. Water levels in the canals at the 43 throughout the command area are low during the dry season due to system inefficiencies. There is likely a net movement of water from the shallow groundwater to the canal system during the dry season at the present time. This flow will be prevented because of canal lining with the Sub-Project. This, plus the expected increased availability of irrigation water throughout the command area during the dry season (particularly at the bottom end of the system) will increase groundwater levels in the dry season. Little change is expected with the Sub-Project in the rainy season. Any shortfalls in shallow groundwater resources in the rainy season that appear as a result of canal lining can be compensated relatively easily by increasing water supply from the canals.

While the these Sub-Project activities are likely to not have a major effect on domestic and drinking water supply, because the magnitude of these effects can not be predictert and the importance of the groundwater resource to Sub-Project beneficiary well-being. monitoring of the ability of beneficiary households to access groundwater for domestic and drinking water purposes is recommended.

TRANSP}ORTATION ANI) NAVIGATION

Improvement of Management Roads Along Main and Primary Canal System - POSITIVE The roads running along the canals are the main transportation routes for Sub-Project beneficiaries, both to getting products to market and to obtain inputs for their economic activities. The upgrading of the canal road system will make it easier to transport goods and people, increase the quality of products produced by the beneficiaries that are sold at the market and these effects are therefore assessed as Positive.

1Itts TORIC AND CULTURAi.. RESOURCI.S

Distturbance from Constroction Activities - MITIGABLE While the exact location of the each of the cultural and historic sites in the Sub-Project is known and the locations are maintairied in the Ouang Nam DoCI, the location of many of the Suh-Project activities listed above is not yet known in detail. Despite this, it will be possible to mitigate against any possible loss of or damage to the cultural and historical sites listed abcG: s - adjusting the siting of Sub-Project civil works as necessary. It is recommended that this be incorporated into the detailed design of the physical works, in accordance with IDA Operational Policy OP 11.03 - Cultural Property. In addition, it is recommended that ternms and conclitions be included in the construIction contracts to ensure the integrity of these historical and cultural resources. These terms and conditions will also need to be in accordance with IDA Operational Policy OP 11.03 - Cultural Property.

4.7 Sub-Proicct I nmiacts of Overatioin

4.7.1 Imnpacts on lIl+hsical Resour ces

SOILS

Depletion of Soil Nutrients and Decreasing Soil Grade - INSIGNIFICANT Increasing cropping intensity with the Sub-Project, brought about though changes in land use and commodity production, may deplete existing nutrients and decrease soil grade from Sub-Project soils more quickly that they might otherwise without the Sub- Project, and farmers may need to increase the amount of fertilizer they apply in order to compensate for this effect. This effect is expected to be negligible andl is assesseci as insignificant. It may be appropriate to monitor the total application of fertiiizers as part of the Environmental Monitoring Plan in order to assess whether or not this effect actual does occur.

SIJRFACE WN'ATER QUAII,I

Increase in Application of Fertilizers from Changes in Land Use - MITIGABLE Changes in land use and commodity production (Table 14, Page 15) will cause more fertilizer to be applied. It is estimated that approximately an additional 25,300 t of fertilizer will be required annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of current fertilizer application without the Sub-Project (Table 29), about an increase of about 212%. Without a good database of surface water quality, it is very difficult to even qualitatively predict the environmental impacts of this increased fertilizer use. It is expected, though, that this level of incremental inputs may change the eutrophic status of surface waters within the Sub-Project.

Increase in Application of Pesticides from Changes in Land Use - MITIGABLE Changes in land use and commodity production (Table 14, Page 15) will cause more pesticides to be applied. It is estimated that an 44 Table 29: Estimated incremental inptits of fertilizer required for Phu Ninh Sub-Project.

Fertilizer Cultivated Area3 1a) Predicted Fertilizer Ap pied (t)

Land Use Required9 With _ With ___ (t/ha)2 Curt Proect Increment Current Proct Increment Summer Rice 0.65 7,200 13,788 6,588 4,680 17,924 13,244 Winter Rice 0.65 7,966 13,635 5,669 5,178 17,726 12,548 Maize 0.55 460 612 152 253 337 84 Sweet Potato 0.55 1,379 1,072 -307 758 590 (169) Groundnut 0.55 1,838 1,072 -766 1,011 590 (421) Totalt 18,843 30,179 11,336 11,880 37,167 25,286 additional 78 t of pesticides and herbicides will be required annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of current pesticide and herbicide application (Table 30). This is also about a 225% increase over estimated current pesticide and hierbicide use throughoiUt the Sub-Project. This impact is assessed as Unknown but potentially Significant without mitigation or monitoring. Existing baseline infornation on pestiride concentrations in the Sub-Project environment is nrni-existnrt and so current conditions can not he estimated, but the expected increase is substantial.

Both mitigation and monitoring are recommended. With respect to mitigation, IPM extension services should continue to be provided to Sub-Project beneficiaries as a part of the Sub-Project in accordance with the requirements tf IDA OP 4.03 - Pest Management Safeguards. Extension services should include the topics of appropriate selection and application of pesticides and herbicides as well as basic techniques of and approaches to IPM. With respect to monitoring, pesticide monitoring in the surface It should be noted that environmental concentrations of pesticides in other agricultural areas of Viet Nam with less crop diversification (and therefore higher risk of pest buildup in mono-crop agricultural systems) and with higher cropping intensity than what is predicted for the Phu Ninh command area with the Sub-Projects are orders of magnitude lower than national or international standards (for example. please see Table 31).

Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Operation on Surface Water Quality - INSIGNIFICANT While there is some risk that surface water quality in the command area may change significantly as a result of the Sub-Project operation. it is unlikely that this will be the case with water quality downstream of the command area. Nutrient and pesticide concentrations will almost certainly change in the surface waters within the Sub- Project, particularly in the dry season. This, however, is unlikely to significaritly affect water quality downstream of the command area, in the estuarine and coastal waters of the coastal districts of the command area, because of the dilution of pollutants that would occur. However, the absence of any surface water quality monitoring information means that thiese predictionis are uLncorlfain. It would be prudent, therefore, to conduct surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area to confirm the assessments of cumulative impact made above.

GROUNDWnATrEI RIZSOURCES

Increased Application of Fertilizers - UNKNOWN The shift in land use to more intensive crop production and the increased use of fertilizers may cause shallow groundwater systems to become increasingly eutrophic, but deeper groundwater systems will likely be unaffected. The absence of good groundwater quality baseline information, however, makes assessment of Sub-Project impacts on groundwater resources very difficult. Groundwater quality monitoring is recommended within the Sub-Project to confirm this assessment.

Increased Application of Pesticides and Herbicides - UNKNOWN As with the increased use of fertilizers, the shift in land use to more intensive crop production and the likely increased use of pesticides and herbicides may cause shallow groundwater systems to become increasingly contaminated; deeper groundwater systems will likely be unaffected. Successful implementation of IPM extension services recommended above (Page 44) will be able to mitigate this potentially negative impact. However, the absence of good groundwater quality baseline inforimiation is a severe constraint that rmakes this imipact prediction also uncertain, and periodic pesticide monitoring in shallow groundwater should therefore be a formal part of the overall Sub-Project monitoring program to confirm this prediction.

29 Taken from economic crop hudgets contained in final VRWAP Pr4-feasibility Study Report, submitted to MARD in March 2003. 3nTaken from final VRWAP Pre-feasibility Stjdy Repor, submitted to MARD in March 2003. 45 Table 30: Estimated incremenital inputs of pesticides reqtuired for Phu Ninhi Sub-Project.

Pesticide Cultivated Area (la) Predicted Pesticide AF ied (t) Land Use Required With With t (kglha) Curren Project Increment Current Project Increment Summer Rice 2 7,200 13,788 6,588 14.4 55.2 40.8 Winter Rice 2 7,966 13.635 5,669 15.9 54.5 38.6 Maize 1.2 460 612 152 0.6 0.7 0.2 Sweet Potato 1.2 1,379 1,072 -307 1.7 1.3 (0.4) Groundnut 1.2 1,838 1,072 -766 2.2 1.3 (0.9) Total 18,843 30,179 11,336 34.8 113 78.3

Table 31: Results of organochlorine pesticide sampling in the 0 Mon Xa No Sub-Project in 2001 dry season. These data were gathered as part of Crd-3198: Mekong Delta Water Resources Project. The agricultuire area of 0 Mon Xa No Sub-Project is about 36,000 ha, the cropping intensity is 2.6, and triple cropping is practiced on 78% of the agriculture land.

StationPesticides Surface Water Toa "I) National Station Pesticides Concentration(lig/L) Total fig1L) Standard

oxo0 DDE 0.015 0.033 HCHq ~~~0.008 00 OX02 HCHd 0.015 0.020 HCHgI 0005 _ _ _ _ _ OX03 Parathion 0.024 0.034 DDT 0.010

OX04 Quilozen 0.020 0.035 150

OX05 FCHg 0.080 0.105 ______HCHd 0.025015 OX06 HCHd 0.020 0.020 OX07 HCHg 0.020 0.035

OX08 DDE 0.008 0.008 I

4.7.2 Impacts on BioloIOical ResourcesI

TERRESTRIAL EcosvsTIlIMS AND 'IEIRREISTRIAI. Bi)lv i'ERlSITY

Changes in Land Use - NO IMPACT There will be no conversion of natural terrestrial ecosysterns into agricultural land. In addition, because the irrigated area containis no natural terrestrial ecosystems but only what can best be considered as highly modified and simple terrestrial "ecosystems" in the form of agricultural land, any changes in land use to more intensive agriculture will be an Insignificant effect of the Sub-Project on terrestrial ecosystems.

AQUATIC Ecos)'SITENIS AND) AQluATI I3iomN0)l1RVSITR '

Increase in Application of Fertilizers - INSIGNIFICANT Any changes in the eutrophic status of surface waters of the Sub-Project Area caused by increases in fertilizer use (Table 29) as a result of changes in land use and commodity production (Table 14, Page 15) may negatively affect the integrity of the aquatic ecosystems of the Sub-Project. However, it is expected that the predicted level of incremental fertilizer use will not substantially change the water quality status of the Sub-Project. This is likely also the case with respect to impacts on aquatic ecosystems and this impact is therefore assessed as Insignificant.

Application of Herbicides and Pesticides - MITIGABLE The application of pesticides and herbicides will increase with implementation of the Sub-Project (Table 30, Page 46). There is an extensive world literature on the effects of biocides on aquatic resources. It ere have been no monitoring programs or even surveys of

3' Taken from economic crop budgets contained in drati VRWAP Pre-feasibility Study Report, Report 11.8 6 Phu Ninh Scheme Subproject Modernization. 46 bioaccumulation of biocides in aquatic resources in the Sub-Project Area and so predictions of the magnitude of any impacts of biocides on aquatic resources in the Sub-Project are difficult to make given the absence of baseline data, aithough first effects would likely be seen as hioaccumulation. Mitigation and monitoring recommendations made above pertaining to provision of extension services for pesticide use and IPM (Page 44) apply here as well and would likely mitigate any negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. It would be also be prudent to conduct a very modest amount of effects monitoring for possible bioaccumulation in aquatic resources with the Sub-Project.

Cumulative Environmental Effects of Sub-Project Operation Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems - Effects on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area would be indirect and meditated through changes in surface water quality. As the effects of the Sub-Project on surface water quality outside of the Sub-Project are assessed to be likely insignificant (Page 41), it is also likely that the impacts of the operation of the Sub-Project on aquatic ecosystems downstream of the command area will also be significant. Again, however, the absence of any surface water quality or aquatic resources monitoring intformation means that these predictions are essentially uncertain. The recommended surface water quality monitoring downstream of the command area will enable these assessments of insignificant cumulative impact to be confirmed.

4.7.3 Impacts on S(o CC1io0o11mic RCsotiicCs

DO1IEs-rTC AND DRINKINGC WATER SUPI'LY ANI) QUAIuTY

Increased Supply of Drinking Water - POSITIVE The Sub-Project will provide a reliable supply of drinking water to residents in Tam Ky Town and Thang Binh, Que Son, and Nui Thanh Districts (Table 9, Page 12).

Increased Use of Fertilizer and Pesticide - MITIGABLE Degradation of groundwater resources that may occur as a result of increased application of fertilizer and pesticides may negatively affect domestic and drinking water quality. Sub-Project effects on drinking and domestic water quality will depend on the source of water used for drinking and domestic water:

. Those few households that rely on deep groundwater aquifers for drinking and domestic water supply will almost certainly be unaffected by any Sub-Project activities because the deepness of the wells and their relative disconnectedness of these aquifers fromi) the surface situation: while . Those households that rely on shallow groundwater aquifers for drinking and domestic water supply may be aftected by the Sub-Project. Potential impacts are increases in pesticide contamination.

Successful application of IPM extension services will arneliorale any negative effects of increased application of chemiiical inputs to dom1estic and dr-inkinig wate qluality. The milonitorirng recomren(led for groundwater resources (Page 45) will enable confirmation of these assessments and of the success of the IPM extension services.

BIOLOGICAI, RESOURCt HARVESTINGI

Cumulative Effects of Changes in Aquatic Ecosystems It is expected that any positive or negative changes in the status of biological resources within the Sub-Project will have similar effects on the levels of biological resource harvesting. The provision of additional aquatic ecosystems through increases and increases in canal area should improve resource harvesting. Decreases in surface water quality may have some effect on biological resources which would adversely affect biological resource harvesting by local households. No mitigation or monitoring additional to what is recommended for effects on aquatic resources (Page 42) is recommended.

4.8 Main Conclusions of llipact Assessinieiit

The following are the main conclusions of the impacl assessment of the Pht, Ninh Sub-Project:

. the Phu Ninll Sub-Project is environmnentally feasible. T1-he Sub-Project will have a number of significant positive benefits: - Increase in beneficiary income and reduiction of poverty throughout the command area through improved and reliable water supply for agricultural production and domestic use; and - Increases in employment and labor in a region with very high levels of unemployment and underemployment. . All of the potentially significant environmental impacts identified in the impact assessment can be mitigated and they are described below in Chapter 6: Environmental Management Plan. These conclusions apply to

47 both phases of investments for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project: (I) first phase of investments consisting of headworks, main and primary canals and the two pilot areas that consist of secondary, tertiary and on-farm canal systems off the main and primary canals and which contain a total of about 20% of the total command area; and (ii) the remaining 80% of the command area. . At this stage of VWRAP design. it is expected that no separate environmental assessment will be required for the second phase of investments: . The programmatic framework for the environmental component of the second phase of investments needs to consist of a detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) for the remaining 80% of the command area based on the findings of the environmental management program for the first phase of investments and the actual engineering works in the second phase of investments: and . The detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 5) for the remaining 80% of the command area should be done concomitant with the detailed technical and engineering design for the second phase of investments.

4.8.1 Sumimaiil y of Balink Opcr:t ionil I'olicics in RcUIar(Is to Ph u Ninhi Sulb-Project

A summary of the IDA operational policies in regards to the Phu Ninh Sub-Project is provided in Table 32.

48 Table 32: Summary of IDA Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies for Phu Ninh Sub-Project. Bank Operational Summary of Assessment and Rationale Recommendations Policy * While Phu Ninh Suh-Project is classified as Category A, requiring a lull-scale environmental assessment, the results of this EIA indicate that the scale and OP 4.01 - magnitude of the expected environmental impacts of Itie Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental are more like that of a Category B project. Environmental impacts or the Phu Ninh Implement PhuiNinh Sub-Project Assessment - Sub-Project are mostly site-specific, none are irreversible: very few direct impacts Environmental Management Plan Triggered are on environmentally important areas such as wellands. forests. or other natural habitats, all are preventable, and mitigation measures have been designed tor all possible environmental impacts OP 4.04 - . no impacts predicted for PhuiNinh Reservoir watershed, where all of the intact * Environmental review of provincial Natural natural terrestrial habritats ot lIre Sut-Projecl Area occur. aquaculture program to advise Ouang Habitats . Ptrir Ninh Srrb-Projnct will provirtl ircreased walnr suipply lo an expanding Nam Province on guidelines for Habitats - provinrrial co.nstal nrrrcilar-.llre ptiogrrr wvuichitself was not assessert tor possible ernsurrinrg coastal aqrjaculture is Triggered environmental impacts. There may be a risk of losing coastal wetland resources environmentally sustainable OP 4.36 - . Tlrere wilt be no Sub-Protect irirpacts orrthe two nrajor forest resources in tlhe Sub-Project Area' the Phu Ninh Watershed Forestry - not Prolection Forest: and Ire piroIrrcliorr tormts on the trill slopes downstream of Ihe Phu Ninth Reservoir tlat are above the Triggered irrigated area ot the Sub-Protect * Miligation recommended against any possible loss of or damage to nationally or locally designated OPEN 11.03 - . impacts are assessed as Unknown because, while the exart location of the each cultural and historical sites by Cultural ot the cultural and historic sites in the Sub-Project Is known, the location of the adjusting the siting of Sub-Projeci Property - Sub-Project aclivilies lisled above is nol yel known in detail. Mitigation of any civil works, to be incorporated Into the Triggered negaSive efectis is possible. however. detailed design of the physical works T Terrrs and conditions should be included inconstruction contracts to ensure the integrRy of Ihese istorical and cultural resources OP 4t2 - OP 4.12 - - No households will need lo he resettled and there is a requirement to pay . Resettlement and Compensation Involuntary compensation for 147.5 ha o1permnaneni arid 163 ha of temporary land Action Plan prepared as part of Phu Resettlement - acquisition Ninh Sub-Project Feasibility Study Triggered OP 4.20 - Indigenous * There are some members of recognized ethnic minority groups living in tihe * Ethnic Minority Developmenl Plan Peoples - Not comrmand area of tImePtimr Ninli Srrl-Projecl preparedFas pib of Phu Mih Sub- Prpggered Project Feasibility Study OP 4.37 - Safety of * Upgrading PhlUNinh Dam safety a major component of first investmenl phase. Specific engineering works are provided for Dams - increasing dam satety, and Emergency Preparedness Plan prepared as part ol Phu Ninh Feasibility Study Triggered 8oth miligation and monitoring are * It is esliniated that an additional 78 1 of pesticides and herbicides will be required recommended. With respect to annually for the entire Sub-Project over and above estimates of current pesticide mitdgcont to be prvided OP 4.03 - and herbicide application. This is about a 225% increase over estimated current Should conjinueb o be provided to Pesticide pesticide and tierbicide use throughout the Sub-Prolect. This impact is assessed the Sub-Project in accordance with Management - as Unknown but potentially Significant without mitigation or monitoring. Existing the Sqiremen ordA with Management - baseline information on pesticide cortcentrations in tIheSub-Project environment the requirements of IDA OP 4.03. Triggered Isnon-existent and so current conditions can not be estimated, but the expected Extension services should include the increase may be substantial, padicularly as about 40% of Sub-Project application oppesicides and beneficiaries have not yet received direct training in IPM methods. herbicaide as wesllcsbas herbicides as well as basic techniques of IPM. OP 7.60 - Projects in . Not triggered as none of the Sub-Project Area or the area of influence of the Sub-Project is part ot a terrltory whose Disputed jurisliclioll is dispilln byanoll crililry Areas - Not Trg_ge1red . . Not triggered as: OP 7.50 - - None o1tIre waler bodies associaled wilh Ihe Phu Ninh Sub-Project form a boundary between, or now through the teitory International of another country; - None o1the water bodies associated with the PhutNinh SLub-Project are a any inbutary or component of any waterway Waterways - described above: and Not Triggered - None of the waler bodies associated with the Phu Ninh Sub-Project are recognized as a necessary channel of communication between the open sea and other slales countries or of any river flowing into such waters.

49 5: ENVIRONr\1ENTAI MANACGEMENT PLAN FOR Puju NINH SUB-

PROJ ECT ____r

This Chapter presents the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Ihe Phu Ninh Sub-Project. The purpose of the Phu Ninh EMP is to provide clear guidance on how to ensure the Sub-Project:

. complies with Vietnamese environmental laws, environmental commitments, and IDA environment policies throughout pre-construction, construction, and operation phases; * employs a suitable organizational framework for environmental protection throughout pre-construction, construction. and operation; . manages and monitors mitigation measures described in the MoNRE and IDA-approved EIA report: * can provide emergency response mechanisms to unanticipated environmental issues; . allocates appropriate financial resources to implement the EMP; and . undertakes the transition in environmental management and protection from the first to the second phase of investments.

To achieve these objectives, the EMP contains:

. the Vietnanmese legal and administrative framework under wtiich the EIA will be approved and the EMP will be implemented; . IDA's EIA approval requirements; . significant adverse environmernt irnpacts 1that are anticipated in all phases of the first and second phase of investments - pre-construction; construction; and operation - and a mitigation program for impact avoidance, minimization, rectification, or compensation; . a program to monitor the performance and effectiveness of the mitigation program; . a monitoring program to assess the overall environmental effects of the Sub-Project on the environmental resources of the Sub-Project area and the associated area of influence; . An organizational framework for the effective implementation of the mitigation and monitoring programs, including: collection of environmental infornationi related to the Sub-Project, management, and reporting; project management decisions on the environment; implementation of project management decisions; and external review of EMP activities. This organizational framework contains implementation arrangements, implementation schedule, and responsibilities for the EMP; EMP reporting requirements; . a programmatic framework which specifies how the specific mitigation and monitoring activities associated with the second phase of investments are to be designed in detail and implemented during overall VWRAP implementation; . cost estimates for each component of the EMP; . requirements for technical assistance to support implementation of the Environmental Management Plan including supervision of mitigation and monitoring and training.

The EMP is the master document" from whiclh all other environment-related project documents and actions are guided. This includes construction method stateienits, tendler documents, contractor specifications, general conditions of construction contract, site environmental management plans, ToRs for environmental specialists, and allocation of budgets for environmental protectioni and moniitoring. If an ambiguity exists on how to deal with environmental issues in any project docurnents or activities, the EMP shall serve as the authoritative reference document.

Any major changes to the Project or the legal and adnministrative frameworks that it operates under may require that MARD provide addenda to the EMP. These addenda should be reviewed and approved by MoNRE.

5.1 Vietnamese Legal and Administrative Firamewor-k

5.1.1 The Lcuial Firamneork for Environimental Maiapenient

Viet Nam's framework for environmental management continues to rapidly evolve, with new policies being produced every year. This section introduces the Viet Nam's relevant environmental polices.

Law on Protection of the Environment (LEP) was enacted in 1993. The LEP: - Identifies the responsibilities of the state centre, provinces, organizations and individuals to prevent and remedy environmental deterioration and pollulion and carry out specified environmental protection 50 functions; - Pruvides for the development of environmental standards and submission of environmental impact assessment reports on new and existing facilities; - Provides for responsible parties to pay compensation for environmental damage; - Establishes the right of individuals and organizations to petition for enforcemeni of environmental regulations: Calls for civil and crimninal penalties for violations; and - Encourages international environmental co-operation.

Decree 175/CP was promulgated in 1994 to guide implementation of ihe LEP and provides broad guidelines for division of responsibility among Ministries; environmental impact assessments: pollution prevention and disaster control; sources of finance: and environmental inspections and standards. Circular No. 490 was promulgated in 1998 to provide guidance on setting up and appraising environmental impact assessment reports for investment projects. The Circular identifies the legal requirements according to the stages of implementation of a project and its category; defines the content of project subject to the EIA procedures; and specifies management of the EIA report appraisal.

To supplement the above key policies a large range of decisions, regulations, and standards may also be considered:

Decree 24/2000/ND-C specifies the implementation on the Law on Foreign Investment in Viet Nam (Article concerning 82) environmental protection as follows: 1) enterprises with foreign investment capital and ventures joint are obligated to observe regulations, satisfy standards in environment protection, and comply with Vietnam legislation on environment protection; 2) if investors apply international advanced environmental standards these standards should be registered with MoNRE. Resolution No. 5/1997/QH10 identifies projects of national importance to be approved and decided by the National Assembly (Provision 2. Article 2) as "projects which result in major or potentially serious impacts on the environment". For these projects, one of the contents to be submitted to the National Assembly for approval and decision on investimient is "fundamental issues that need to be solved in the project implementation: environment protection, population movement/resetilenient..."

Decree 52/1999/ND-CP was appended to include environmental considerations for construction management as follows: 1) for PFS, Provision 3 of Article 23 stipulates that requirements for environment study relating to the "selection of construction sites, estimation of land use area needed, in ways which comply to the principle of minimizing land use and environmental and social impacts, and resettlement to the lowest possible Provisions level". 2) 4 and 7 of Article 24 stipulate that FS must propose "specific site options (or regions, routes) which much match with construction plans (including documents on site selection, together with proposed solutions for minimizing environmental and social impacts)," and "architectural alternatives, construction solutions, preliminary designs sUggested for selection, environment management and protection solutions". 3) For technical design: Section B, Provision 1, Article 37 and Section A, Provision 2, Article 38, contain regulations on appraisal and approval of "techniques for the protection of environment and ecology; for prevention and cornbating of explosion and fire and for occupational safety and industrial sanitation." Decree 26/1996/CP provides reguLiations on the punishment of administrative violation of Environmental Protection Law. Chapter 1 describes the general provisions for punishment under the Environment Protection Law. Chapter 2, Article 6 details recommended punishments for parties who violate environmental pollution and prevention act. These punishments include financial penalties for not submitting an EiA report. Tieu Chaun Viet Nam (TCVN) are national standards established by MoNRE and applied to all government agencies. They include engineering, construction, scientific, and environmental standards. The environmental standards include acceptable lirnits of marny air, noise, and water quality parameters. In general, the list of biophysical parameters is broad enough such that most monitoring programs can employ TCVN standards as metrics of evaluation. There are some exceptions - of most importance to the Phim Ninh Sub-Project, sediment, soil, and vibration standardts do not yet exist. Most TCVN standards are direct translations of ISO standards.

5.1.2 The Adynilnistraeivc Framework for lnvironmelnlal N1ana!emcilt The country's administrative framework is undergoing substantial restructuring. The Government of Viet Nam is in the process of creating a new administrative framework for environmental management. For the Phu Ninh

51 investments (i.e. the remainder of the command area, exclusive of the pilot areas). followed by the Construction and Operational Phases for this second investment phase.

The implementation of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan will follow the same pattern. The Detailed Design of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP for the first investment phase will be completed at the same time as the Detailed Engineering Design for the first investment phase. The Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP for the first investment phase will then be implemented during the Construction and Operational Phases of the first investment phase. Similarly, the Detailed Design of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP for the second investment phase will be completed at the same time as the Detailed Engineering Design for the second investment phase based on the overall Phu Ninih Sub-Project EMP as outlined in this EIA and the lessons learned and results from the first investment phase. The PhlLuNinh Sub-Project EMP for the second investment phase will then be implemented during the Construction and Operational Phases of the second investment phase.

5.4 Institutionis Responsible for Imnplmceinitig, the I'llu Nitiih EMII'

The Phu Ninh EMP will be implemented within a comprehensive organizational framework under the overall VWRAP Project. VWRAP will engage several ministries, departments. and institutes, it will create a project management unit within MARD in Ha Noi (PMU) and Sub-Project Implementation Units (SlUs) in each province, and there will be numerous linkages between these institutions and numerous other existing institutions at the 2 national, provincial, district, and commune levels3 . The following institutions will be responsible for the successful implementation of the Phu Ninh Environmental Management Plan:

VWRAP PMU - responsible for overall VWRAP implementation management and will contain environmental safeguard staff. VWRAP PMU will be responsible for overall quality assurance of EMP implementation.

Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU - staffed by personnel from Quang Nam DARD and Phu Ninh IMC, Phu Ninh SIU, and will be responsible for daily implementation activities of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. As a consequence, it will supervise and control the quality of construction and physical implementation of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP Vietnamese Environmental Regulators - MoNRE and OLang Nam DoSTE will be responsible for all reguilatory reviews and approvals of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project in accordance with the national legal framework for environmental protection and management.

Quang Nam Provincial Organizations - Other Quang Nam provincial departments will have important responsibilities such as implementing specific components of the mitigation program (IPM), ensuring their particular safeguards are being properly implemented (i.e. DoCI) and providing supplementary and secondary data to assist in the implementation of the Phu Ninh EMP (e.g., land use and commodity production data).

IDA - IDA will review the implementation of the EMP. Problems and issues that are identified will be raised to MARD as part of the regular Phu Ninh Sub-Project review process.

Environmental Safeguard Contractors - Two Environmental SafegLiard Contractors will be selected from the numerous national environmental consultant organizations in Viet Nam. One Environmental Safeguard Contractor will act as general contractor for primary data collection surveys and for preparation and submission of various compliance and effects monitoring assessment reports. They will also be responsible for undertaking some of the specific mitigation measures for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. While there will be a diverse set of mitigation, environmental data collection and reporting tasks required to be carried out under the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP, it is recommended that a single Environmental Safeguard Contractor be engaged to conduct all these diverse tasks to simplify the contracting arrangement, administrative procedures, and management requirenients on the part of the Phu Ni nh Sub-Project SIU and VWRAP PMU. The second Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be responsible for designing and implementing the Control Program for Aquatic Weeds in the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme.

Consultant Environmenital Specialists - some of the resources of the Design and Supervision Technical Assistance Ltider VWNAP will be used to enguyge two enivironimiental specialists who will take ori substantial implementation tasks for the EMP: (i) the ConsuLitant s international environment specialist: and (ii) the Consultant's national environmental specialist seconded from a nationally-recognized environmental management institution. The secondment could be in the form of a fixed-term, renewable contract during pre- construction, constrLiction, and operation phases. It is expected that the services of the Consultant's

32 This assumes a decentralized modality for Sub-Project implementrtion and will need to be modified if a more traditional, centralized modality for Sub-Project implementation is selected. Under either modality, VWRAP PMU can be either CPO or another unit set up or designated by MARD. 53 international environment specialist will be required for VWRAP implementation until the completion of the Detailed Design of the Phu Ninh EMP for the second phase of investments, at which time sufficient training and capacity building will have been given that remaining instittutions and personnel will be able to implement the remainder of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP. In this EMP, it is assumed that the Detailed Engineering Design for the second investment phase will occur in the third year of Phu-Ninh Sub-Project implementation.

5.5 Envirotnilenltal Mitizatioii Pro_ram11 foir Pl,u Niiih Sub-Project

Table 37 contains the environmental mitigation program for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project, based on the assessment of environmental impacts contained in Chapter 4: Impact Assessment. Table 37 is organized according to the different phases of the Sub-Project - pre-construction, construction, and operation - for each of the two investment phases.

5.6 Environinieiial Mitipation Coniliance Mloinitor-ing Program for P1u Ninh Sub-Proiect

The Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program is designed to determine if the environmental mitigation measures for the Sub-Project (Table 37) are being implemented properly and are having the intended effects of avoiding, limiiting, or rectifying negative environmental impacts. If mitigation compliance monitoring indicates that mitigatio n measures are not being implemented effectively or are not being effective, the appropriate responsible institutions will need to take corrective action. Table 38 describes the Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project.

5.7 Environmeiital Efifects Monitorint Pro2,ramn [or I'liu Niniii Sub-Project

The Environmental Effects Monitoring Program for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project will measure ambient biotic and abiotic indicators of Sub-Project activities on the environmental resources of the Sub-Project Area and the associated area of influence. Chapter 4: Impact Assessment describes a number of instances in which it is necessary to monitoring environmental conditions to determine if the Sub-Project is having any effects on the environment and the magnitude of those effects. The results of the Environmental Effects Monitoring Program will be used, if necessary, to modify the Sub-Project design or implementation to reduce unexpected environmental impacts and to confirm the predictions about Sub-Project environmental impacts made in this EiA. Table 39 describes the Environmental Effects Monitoring Program for the PhLI Ninh Sub-Project.

5.8 RCpoI-tin2 Requiriemiets for Pliti Niuhli EMP

Table 33 summarizes the reporting requirements for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project ancl the institutional responsibilities for preparing these reports. All annual reports produced as part of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan will be required to contain:

. An assessment of the success of mitigation activities (in the case of Sub-Project performance monitoring) or an assessment of the actual environmental effects of Sub-Project implementation in comparison to predictions made in the original EIA (in thie case of environmental effects monitoring) . An explicit assessment as to whether the existing EMP framnework is sufficient or not; and . If it is concluded that the existing EMP framework is not sufficient, a description of the reasons why it is not sufficient and a detailed set of recommendations for re-design of the EMP framework, complete with revisions to data and information to be gathered, data analysis to be performed, reporting, and budgets.

The technical and planning reports (Table 33) will be supported by a broad range of administrative policies and contractual agreements. They include but are not restricted to: . Inception reports; . terms of reference; . contractor specifications for environmental protection and mitigation; . general Conditions of Contract for protection of the environment; and . site Environmental Management Plans produced by construction contractors.

Both the VWRAP PMU Environmental Specialist. on behalf of the VWRAP PMU, and the Phu Ninh Sub-Project 54 Table 33: Reporting reqtuirements for the Phu Ninh Suib-Project Environmental Management Plan. . ~~~~~~~~InstitutIonsfor Review and Report Responsibility for Preparation Frequency Ap roval Reports Prepared Once During EMP Implementation Environmental Review or Ou,ang Nam Environmental Safeguard WRAP PMU, MARD, IDA, Ouang Provincial Aquaculture Program and Contractor supported by Consultant Prepared during rst yearto Nam DoFI. Quang Nam DoSTE, Environmental Action Plan Environmental Specialists MoNRE Control Plan for Control of Aquatic Weeds in Environmental Safeguoard Prepare dngfrtyaofVRAP PMU, MARD, IDA. Quang [Phu Ninl Irrigalion Scheme Contractor supported by Consullant Phuion Ninh SchemeEnvironmental Irrigat Specialists VWAVRped mlmnainmduing rs year or MoNRENam DoFI, Quang Nam DoSTE. Consultant Environmental Detailed Design Document for Phir Ninh Sub- Consts. supprted by Once, during first year of Phu Ninh SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, Project Environmental Managemnent Plan: Seils,suprebyVWNRAP Implementation, prior MARD. MoNRE, Guang Nam First Investment phase Environmental Safeguard Contractnrs (o initation of construction MDoNT and Phu Ninh SIoiiitinU osruto oT Detailed Design Document for Phu Ninh Sub- Environmental Safeguard Once, in year immedialaly Phu Ninh SIU, VWRAP Poect E-nvironmental PMU. IDA, Management Plan: Contractor, supported by Constillant prior to implemnentation of MARD, MoNRE, Duang Nain econdl nvestment phase Environmental Specialists and Phu invesiments in remaining 80% DoSTE Second______phase___ Ninh SIU of command area Once, during first year of Ouang Nam PPC, VWRAP PMU, CanatLining SchedPile and Detailed Phu Ninh SIU VWRAP implementation, prior IDA, MARD, MoNRE, affected mplemanialion Plan: First Investment phase o initiation ol construction communes and villages anal Lining Schedule and Delailed Once, in year immediately Quang Nam PPC, VWRAP PMU, prior to implemenfat ion of un a P,VRPPU Implementafion Plan: Second Investment Phu Ninti SIU investments in remaiing 80% ARD, MoNRE, aeced hase ol command area communes and villages .Completion Once, during rirst year of Quanq Nam PPC, VWRAP rdnance Survey and Treatlmei Ministry of Defence Contractor VWRAP implementalion, prior IDA, MARD, MoNRE, affectedPMU, Reportfor First Investment phase to initiation of construction communes and villages Once, inyear immediately Quang Nam PPC, WRAP PMU rdnance Survey and Trealmenl Conplelion Ministry of Defence Contractor r to initation of IDA MARD, MoNRE, affected Report for Second Investnient phase construction in remaining 80% communes and villages of command area Regular Reports During EMP Implementation nnual Report on Implementation of Coastal Selected Provincial Agency with Annual for each year that Phu Ninh SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, quaculture Environmenlal Management assigned responsibility for coastal coastal aquacullure EMP is MARD, MoNRE, Ouang Nam Plan aquaculture EMP implemented DoSTE nnual Report on Implementation of Control Environmental Safeguard Annual for each year that Program for Aquatic Weeds in Phu Ninhb nvraCtaT conlrol program tor aqutatic Phu Ninh IMC Irrqation Scheme onactor weeds is implemented nnual Report on Implementation of IPM Annual for each year that IPM ProgramReportonComplma renlalComuneo Quang Nam DARD program extension services Program inCommand Area CommuL_nes are provided Phu Ninh SIU

Phu Ninh Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance on l S glily Phu Ninh SIU Progress Report nvror Spediylis nh Environmental Safegtiard Contractor, supporletl by Cnnstiltril Phu Ninh SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environirrenital Environmental Specialists lur first Annial during constirction MARD MoNRE, Quang Nam Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report Ithree years, and supported by Phu period DoSTE Ninh SiU throughout Sub-Project implemenlalion Phti Ninh Stib-Projecl Enivironmntonal Effects Environmental Safeguard Phu Ninh SIU, VWRAP PMUJ,IDA, MoNioHngSub-Projress RepoEronmnia Ei Contractor supported by Consultant Six months inlo each year MARD, Monitoring Progress Report Environmental Specialisls DoSTE MoNRE, Duang Namn Consultant Environmental Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmenlal Specialists. supporterl by Management Report, integraling all results Environmental Safeguard Contractor Annual, beginning wifh pre- Phu Ninh SIU, VWRAP PMU, IDA, rom Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP (mitigation. for first three years anid construction of first phase of MARD, MoNRE, Ouang Nam iitigation compliance monitoring, and Environmental Safe,guard investments DoSTE nvironmental effects monitoring) into a Contractor supported by Consultant ingle annual report Environmental Specialisis Ion remainder of implementation Periodic Reports Required As Needed Consultant Environmental .inbSub- Specialists, supported by Required every time IDA, Phu Ninh SIU, VWRAP PMU, echnical Design of Revised PhLi Environmental Safeguard Coniractor, modification oi EMP is MARD, MoNRE, Ouang Nam ProjectEnvironmental Management Plan and Phiu Ninin SIU, dependin, on required DoSTE nature of redesign that is required

55 SIU will keep an electronic and paper library of all EMP planning, technical, and administrative reports produced by the Sub-Project. This information will be organized in a way that will be readily available for regulators, donors, government agencies, and other Sub-Project stakeholders as required.

5.9 Orpanizatiounal Framleiwork for Implenienitigl the Plut Ninii EMVIP 5.9.1 Kev' Features of Ori.attizationial Framework

The organizational framework for the Phu Nitnh Sub-Project EMP that is outlined in detail below:

. works within the Sub-Project's overall organizational framework: . works within the practical human resource constraints of environmental management capacity in Viet Nam; * explicitly accounts for all aspects of whiat is required in successfully implementing the Environmental Management Plan: inforrnaition collection, EMP management, reporting. anrl revision if necessary, management decisions on the environment, and implementation of EMP management decisions: * uses existing procedures within the GoVN and belween the GoVN and IDA that are already in place for reviewing and approving modifications to tihe Environmental Management Plan that are required in the case of Sub-Project design modifications or strengthening of existing mitigation and monitoring programs; * ensures that the reporting that is done as part of Environmental Management Plan implementation includes information that is needed by MARD, other concerned naitional agencies, and IDA to make decisions regarding Ihe need for revisions to the Environmental Management Plan as may be required for the second phase of investments.

5.9.2 Inistittitional Rcsponsibilities for EMiIP Imipulemilentation during Pre-Construction Phases

The Pre-Construction Phase will essentially be the detailed design phase for the first phase of investments. Unless otherwise noted, all responsibilities detailed below apply to both pre-construction phases, i.e.. for both the first and second investment phases.

NvRAP PrMIU

VWRAP PMU will have overall responsibility for successful implementation of environmental management activities. VWRAP PMU will make management decisions (hat support effective implementation of the EMP: this will include:

. approving ToRs. bidding documents, arid conlracts for Ihe Environmental Safeguard Contractors, including the environmental review of provincial aquacutture program; . efficiently manage the reviews of the following documents and ensure they are approved in a timely manner: - Environmental Review of Quang Nam Provincial Aquaculture Program and Environmental Action Plan (1" investment phase); - Control Plan for Aquatic Weeds in the Phu Ninh Reservoir (19' Investment phase); - Canal Lining Implementation Plans - Detailed Design Documents for Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investrnent phases - Set of terms and conditions for environmental mitigation to be included in construction contracts - Pre-Construction Phase Phu Ninh Sob-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline); and . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

Ptlu NINH SUB-PROJ.IiCTI SIU

The responsibilities of the Phl Nfinh Suh-Prniect Sit) in the Pre-Construction Phase will be to:

review and approve the following environnmental diocuments prepared during the pre-construction phases: - Ordnance Survey and Treatment Completion Reports - Control Plan for Aquatic Weeds in the Phu Ninti Reservoir (1 i investment phase); - Detailed Design Documents for Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and

56 Second Inveslietit phases - Pre-Construction Phase Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) Iimplement the Phu Ninh Sub-Project RAP and EMDP; . in consultation with Quang Nam DARD. Phu Ninh IMC, and the districts and communes with jurisdiction in the pilot areas of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project develop a canal lining program that has the signed agreement of all these stakeholders and prepare Canal Lining implementation Plans; . Prepare Terms of Reference for Ministry of Defence contractors for survey and treatment of UXO; . Prepare terms and conditions to include in construction contracts: - Environmental management of construction camps - Canal lining (to be taken from approved canal lining implementation plans) - Minimizalion of effects of construction activities on local residents - Avoidance of cultural and historic sites - Minimization of effects of dredged and excavated soils . Work with the Environmental Safeguard Contractor to prepare environmental mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures; . provide physical. biological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors as required to complete thie environmental baseline for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project area and the associated area of infiluence; and . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

QUANG NANI P'tROVIINCIAI. ORGANI/,ATIONS

The responsibilities of the Quang Nam Provincial Departments in the Pre-Construction Phases will be to:

. review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the pre-construction phases: - Environmental Review of Quang Nam Provincial Aquaculture Program and Environmental Action Plan (Quang Nam PPC, Quang Nam DoSTE) (1 Investment phase) - Control Plan for Aquatic Weeds in the Phu Ninh Reservoir (Quang Nam PPC, Quang Nam DARD) (11' Investment phase) - Canal Lining Implementation Plans (Quang Nam PPC, Quang Nani DoSTE, Quang Nam DARD) - Detailed Design Documents for Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Managemenl Plan: First and Second Investment phases (DoSTE); - Pre-Construction Phase Phti Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (Io serve as environmental baseline) (DoSTE) . participate in the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EIA approval process; * serve as executing agency (DoSTE) and implementing agency (DoFI) for the environmental review of coastal aquacullure in Nui Thanhli District (1" investment plhase); . serve as executinq agency (DARD) and implementing agency (Phu Ninh IMC) for the preparation of the control plan for aquatic weeds in the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme (11' investment phase); . provide physical, hiological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the environmental baseline for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project area and the associated area of infIuence (DARD. DoSTE. others): * advise MoNRE on any environmental concerns regarding project design, construction, and operation (DoSTE); and * Participate in environmental [raining programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

CONSI-RUCTIION CONTRACTORS

Construction contractors will commit to all proposed environmental protection and mitigation measures in key construction documents: general conditions of contract. contractor specifications, conditions of contract, etc. They will draft method statements for the Site EMP and any otlier relevant environmental protection measures and submit to the Phu Ninhi SIU for approval.

ENWIRONA11 N7TAL SAF EG(UARPD CON'IZACTI(MS

Environmental Safeguard Contractor responsibilities duritng the Pre-Construction Phase will include:

* conducting the environmental review of the coastal aquaculture program in Nui Thanh District under the 57 direction of OLlang Nam DoSTE (executinig agency) Quang Nam DoFt (implementing agency) (1s1 investment phase): . preparing the Control Plan for Aquatic Weeds in the Phu Ninh Reservoir under the direction of the Quang Nam DARD (executing agency) and PhLI Ninh IMC (implementing agency) (11"investment phase); . providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in preparing both Detailed Design Documents for Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment phases; . providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the preparation of the Pre- Construction Phase Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) for review and approval (1 investment phase); . conducting the Pre-Construction Phase information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document; . conducting the following activities: - designing and establishing environmental monitoring database information and reporting system for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project - designing environmental reporting structures and formats, including environmental mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures: and . Participating in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

CONSULTANT ENVIRM(INM IENTAI. Stl'.(:IAI,IS'I S

The Consultant Environmiental Specialists will verify as to whether or not major design changes have occurred since GoVN and IDA approval of the EIA report. If major design changes have occurred, then these changes will need environmental approval from GoVN and IDA. The Consultant Environmental Specialists wilt also:

. Prepare a detailed Inception Report for all aspects of the consulting assignment, including a detailed training and capacity building program; . Assist VWRAP PMU to prepare and finalize the following ToRs for the Environmental Safeguard Contractor: - Environmental review of coastal aquaculture program in Nui Thanh District (jst investment phase) - Control Plan for Aquatic Weeds in the Phu Ninh Reservoir (11 Investment phase) - Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring of construction contracts - Environmental effects monitoring for effects of coastal aquaculture in Nui Thanh District - Environmental effects monitoring of aquatic weeds in Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme - Environmental effects monitoring for effects of sedimentation, erosion, fertilizer, and pesticide application . Prepare both Detailed Design Documnents for Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: First and Second Investment phases for review and approval; . supervise Pre-Construction Phase information galhering according lo the Detailed Design Document (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation): . provide assistarice to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation) in: - designing and eslablishlinlg environimilental foniotorinig database informnation and reporting system for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project: - designing environmental reporting structures and formats, including environmental mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures . Provide technical assistance to Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU in finalizing environmental terms and conditions for construction contracts: - Environmental management of construction camps - Canal lining (to be taken from approved canal lining implementation plans) - Minimization of effects of construction activities on local residents - Avoidance of cultural and historic sites - Minimization of effects of dredged and excavated soils; . preparing and submitting the Pre-Construction Phase Phit Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (to serve as environmental baseline) for review and approval (11' Investment phase); and * conducting environrnental training programs for VWRAP PMU, Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU, Quang Nam Provincial Organizations, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors (see Section 5.11, Page 62) (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

5.9.3 Instittutionnal Respoisibilics fny- L'v1 P Impl)elmlelntation dutinii! Cornstr-uictioni Phascs

Unless niherwise noled, all responsibilities detailed below apply to both construction phases, i.e., for both the first and second investment phases. 58 V'\VRAP PrIU

The responsibilities of tihe VWRAP PMU in the Construction Phases will be to:

efficiently manage the reviews with national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of the following documents and ensure they are approved in a timely manner: - Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP (mitigation. mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report . If necessary efficiently manage the review and approval by national environmental reguialors, MARD, and GoVN of technical modifications to the Phu Ninh EMP if required (please see Section 5.12, Page 64): and . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

Pinwi NINHI SUB-PROJ.I CT SIU

The responsibilities of the Phu Nibli Sub-Project SIU in lhe CnnstrUction Pimses will be tn:

. Supervise the pr-ogram for survey and treatment of UXO by the Ministry of Defence contractors: . Assist the Environmental Safeguard Contractor in conducting environmental mitigation monitoring activities: . provide Sub-Project construction progress information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and ConsUitant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports; review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the construction phases: - Annual Report on Implementation of Coastal Aquaculture Environmental Management Plan - Monthly Phu Ninh Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Progress Reports - Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report - Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

QUANG NAM PROVINCIAL ORGANIZArI IONS

The responsibilities of Ouang Nam Provincial Organizations in the Construction Phases will be to:

. implement Ihe Environmental Action Plan for coastal aquaculture in Nui Thanh District (implementing agency to be selected during preparation of environmental review, but candidate organizations are Quang Nam DoSTE, DARD. or DoFI); . prepare an implementation plan for the IPM program to be condiucted under the Sub-Project and submit to Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU for approval (DARD) . provide physical, biological, and socioeconomic infortnation to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports (DARD, DoSTE, others); . review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the construction phases: - Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report (DoSTE) - Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (DoSTE) . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

CONSTRUCrION CONTIRACTORS

The responsibility of the construction contractors will be to properly and effectively implement the environmental mitigation terms and conditions contained in their construction contracts,

59 Nu'I^ONrII' ENr,'. S,Alt;UARIt CONTRACTORS The responsibilities of the Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the Construction Phases will be to: . Monitor construction contractors during construction activities and report on their compliance with the environmental terms and conditions contained in their contracts: . Prepare the monthly Phu Ninh Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Progress Reports . Prepare the annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report . Conduct the Construction Phase environmental information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document for the following environmental effects monitoring: - Environmental effects of coastal aquiaculture in Nui Thanh District; - Environmental effects of aquatic weeds in Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme: Water quality effects from erosion, sedimentation, fertilizers, and pesticides. . providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the preparation of the Construction Phase Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (1S' investment phase): . Supervise and provicle technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contraclors in the implementation of their components of the Phu Ninh Sub- Project EMP (after Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); . prepare and submit the Construction Phase Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (after detailedl design of EMP for 2"" Investment phase); . Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

CONSULT'AN t ENVIROt)NM1EXN I,AI SI'EC(IAILIST1S

The responsibilities of the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the Construction Phases up to Year 3 of Sub- Project implementation will be to:

. Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU. Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Phu Ninh Sub- Project EMP; . If necessary prepare environmental reviews of technical design modifications and revise the PhuINinh EMP for approval (please see Section 5.12, Page 64); . prepare and submit the Construction Phase Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval: and * conduct environmental training programs for VWRAP PMU, Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU, Quang Nam Provincial Organizations, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors (see Section 5.11, Page 62).

5.9.4 titslttutioial lReslponsil)bliities fo EN1 Iml)lemIltntia l dtuminL (pcrationiail IPha.ses Unless otherwise noted, all responsibilities detailed below apply to both operational phases, i.e., for both the first and seconci investnient phases.

\ 1 VRAP 1I\MU

The responsibilities of the VWRAP PMU in the Operational Phases will be to:

* efficiently manage the reviews with national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of the following documents and ensure they are approved in a timely manner: - Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a singte annual report Itf necessary efficiently manage the review and approval by national environmental regulators, MARD, and GoVN of technical modifications to the Phu Ninh EMP if required (please see Section 5.12. Page 64); and * Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

60 Ptiu NINII SUB3-PROJECT SILI

The responsibilities of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU in the Operational Phases will be to:

Assist the Environmental Safeguard Contractor in conducting environmental mitigation monitoring activities; provide Sub-Project operational information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitoring reports; review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the operational phases: - Annual Report on Implementation of Coastal Aquaculture Environmental Management Plan - Annual Report on Implementation of Control Program for Aquatic Weeds in Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme Annual Report on Implementation of IPM Extension Program - Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report, integrating all results from Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP (mitigation, mitigation compliance monitoring, and environmental effects monitoring) into a single annual report Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project Implementation).

QUANG NANt PROVIINCIAI C)RGANIZATI IONS

The responsibilities of Quang Nani Provincial Organizationis in the Operational Phases will be to:

Continue to implement tie Environmental Arlion Pl;n for coastal aquacultlre in Nui Thanh District (implementing agency lo be selected durinq preparation of environmental review, but candidate organizations are OLiang Nam DoSTE, DARD, or DoFi); supervise the implementationi of the Control Program for Aquatic Weeds in Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme (Phu Ninh IMC): implement the IPM program to be conducted under the Sub-Project (DARD) provide physical, biological, and socioeconomic information to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and Consultant Environmental Specialist as required to complete the annual monitorinig reports (DARD, DoSTE, others); review and approve the following environmental documents prepared during the pre-construction phases: - Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report (DoSTE) - Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Report (DoSTE) Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation).

ENVIRONMENTAL. SAFEGUARD CONTRACTIORS

The responsibilities of the Environmental Safeguard Conlraclors in the Operational Phases will be to:

* Monitor construction contractors during construction activities and report on their conipliance with the environniental terms and conditions contained in their contracts; * Prepare the monthly Phu Ninh Sub-Project Mitigation Compliance Progress Reports * Prepare the annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Report * implement the Control Plan for Aquatic Weeds in Phir Ninh Irrigation Scheme (implementing agency will be Phu Ninh IMC); * Conduci the Operational Phase environmental information gathering according to the Detailed Design Document for the following environrnental effects monitorinig: - Environmental effects of coastal aquaculture in Nui Thanh District; - Environmental effects of aquatic weeds in Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme: - Water quality effects from erosion, sedimentation, fertilizers, and pesticides. * providing technical support to the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the preparation of the Operational Phase Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); * Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU, arid Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Phu Ninh Sub- Project EMP (after Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); • prepare and submit the Operational Phase Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval (after Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation); • Participate in environmental training programs conducted by the Consultant Environmental Specialists (up to Year 3 of Sub-Project implementation). 61 CONSULTANT ENVI RONNIENTAL SrECIALIS'IS

The responsibilities of the Consultant Environmental Specialists in the Operational Phases up to Year 3 of Sub- Project implementation will be to:

. Supervise and provide technical assistance to VWRAP PMU, Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors in the implementation of their components of the Phu Ninh Sub- Project EMP: . If necessary prepare environmental reviews of technical design modifications and revise the Phu Ninh EMP for approval (please see Section 5.12. Page 64); . prepare and submit the Operational Phase Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Reports (annual) for review and approval; and . conduct environmental training programs for VWRAP PMU, Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU, Quang Nani Provincial Organizations, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors (see Section 5.11, Page 62).

5.10 Policy Guid(eliines for Detailed D)csi2n: Second Plhase of wivestillents

Preparation of the Detailed Design of the Phu Ninh EMP for the second phase of investments will proceed as follows:

. While no separate and additional environmental assessment is required for the second phase of investments, VWRAP PMU will formally confirm this conclusion prior to the detailed design of the engineering works for the second investment phase andl will obtain approval for this from MoNRE, MARD, and IDA. . VWRAP PMU, with Ihe assistance of Ihe Consitlarnl Environmental Specialists, will be responsible tor preparing a Detailed Design Document for the PhLi Ninh Sub-Project: Second Investment phase. This Detailed Design Document will use the lessons learned from the results of the environmental management of the first investment phase of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project and will be prepared concomitant with the detailed technical and engineering design for the second phase of investments. . While no separate and additional environmental assessment is required, consultation with affected groups and communities in the remaining 80% of command areas will be required. This consultation will include, but not be restricted to: - Presenting the results and findings of the environmental management of the first phase of Phu Ninh Sub- Project investments to affected groups and communities - Description of engineering works to be implemented in second investment phase, expected environmental effects, and scope of proposed environmental management plan. - Receipt of comments and suggestions from affected groups and communities on environmental issues associated with second investment phase and scope of proposed environmental management pidi. These will be documented as a consultation record as part of the final detailed design document for the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase. . The results of the consultation will be used to prepare a final detailed design document for the Environmental Management Plan for the second investment phase. . VWRAP PMU will submit and obtain approval for the final detailed design document for the second investment phase from MoNRE, MARD. and IDA. * Upon receiving the necessary approvals, VWRAP PMU will be responsible for ensuring that the Environmental Managernent Plan for the second itivestment phase of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project is implemented according to the detailed design document.

5.11 Trainiiip andl Capacity UpLradiuIg Regtii cmelits for EIMP Implementation

5.11.1 Evaluation or Enivironmitental Maiiailciiiclt Capabilifies

Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU will be comprised of representatives from Quang Nam DARD and Phu Ninh IMC, both of which have received little training in environmental mitigation and project performance monitoring for environmental protection. In particular, Phu Ninh [MC has no environmental group in its organization and none of its staff have received any training in environmental mitigation and compliance monitoring33 . Extensive capacity building will be required.

33 The same Is true for other construction supervision organizations operating in Viet Nam that have been consulted as part VWRAP EIA preparation and implementation of other water resources projects (i.e., all VWRAP Sub-Project IMCs and PMB 416, as well as SIO 418 and SIO 419 for the MDWRP).

62 Environmental Safeguard Contractors Environmental Safeguard Contractors will be selected according to IDA procurement requirements (either CQ or QCBS). There are numerous national consultant organizations in Viet Nam that will be able to demonstrate strong capacity sampling and basic environmental information-gathering. Based on experience with national consultant organizations in previous IDA-financed water resources projects, capacities of these organizations are weaker in the area of analysis and interpretation of data that are gathered, drawing conclusions from the results of the analysis, and developing recommendations about environmental impacts of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project for future effects monitoring, as will be required in the reporting for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project EMP.

VWRAP PMU This will be a new organization and so its capacity for environmental management is unknown at thiis time. Using CPO as a guide, it is likely iliat the environmrienital staff of VWRAP PMU will be very competent in providing coordination of environmental aspects of water resources investment projects, but will have less capability in the areas of analysis and interpretation of data that are gathered, drawing conclusions from the results of the analysis, and developing recommendations about environmental impacts of V`WRAP.

Government Environmental Regulators MoNRE has received extensive training and capacity building through multi-year donor projects from CIDA, Sida. and now DANIDA 34 in EIA, environmental management, environmental protection, and environmental monitoring. Through these very large donor projects, MoNRE has been able to provide extensive training to all provincial DoSTEs, including Quang Nam DoSTE. No training or capacity building for these institutions is required and none is recommended.

5.11.2 Reconiiiciidcdle(I Tiaininti and Capacit flltiilliltig

It is expected that the btidget for the recommended Iraining and capacity building, below, will be provided by the VWRAP Training and Capacity Building Fund.

Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU Phii Ninh Suh-Project SIU will receive training and capacity building in the following areas:

. preparing and working wilh terms and conditions to be included in construction contracts. These terms and conditions will include as required responsibility for mitigation and compensation for non-compliance; . for technical supervision staff training on how to conduct civil works monitoring and supervision to ensure environmental mitigation measures are being properly implemented (frequency of monitoring, type of works to be supervised, assessment and reporting); and . preparation of compliance monitoring reports in accordance with the reporting requirements outlined above in Table 33.

Also, construction contractors may require training on the proper implementation of the environmental mitigation measures in order to meet the terms and conditions included in their contracts and on the preparation of Site Environmental Management Plans. Thi- training will need to be conducted at field locations with demonstrations of mitigation measures as required. The training will be designed so that technical supervision staff from the construction supervision entities will be able to deliver suchI training to additional contractors as they are engaged for construction works.

Environmental Safeguard Contractors Training and capacity building will be provided in environmental monitoring. This training will focus on detailed design of the environmental monitoring system, including: . specification of environniental impacts: * clear set of indicators or criteria, such as water quality stancdards, or species richness indices, for example, which are LJsed to evaluate changes in environmental conditions; . preparation of environmental baselines for environmental conditions in the Phu Ninh Sub-Project against which changes in environmental conditions may be assessed; . spatial and temporal controls for environmental monitoring to make it possible to ascribe changes in environmental conditions to Sub-Project effects rather than changes in factors unrelated to the Sub- Project; * design for the data gathering or data analysis; . QA/QC; . analysis and presentation of data and results;

34 For example, CIQ)A has financed two phases (lotal of eight years) of the Viet Nam-Canada Environment Project (VCEP), with the National Environmental Agency as the Executing Agency and provincial environmental organizations receiving extensive training in EIA. environmental management, environmental information systems, and urban and industrial pollution control. Total CIDA grants for VCEP have been approximately US $10 million.

63 . development of database information systems; and . reporting structures and formats in accordance with reporting requirements outlined above in above in Table 33.

VWRAP PMU Technical assistance will be provided to environment (and other) staff in VWRAP PMU in incorporating the results of environmental management programs (such as the Phui Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan) into water resources project management decision making. Considerable on the job training will be provided through implementation of the environmental components of the Design and Supervision Technical Assistance.

5.12 Requi inseenlts for Flexibility and Adaptability in EMP ]Impleimientation

This Enviroiinienital Itmpact Assessniient nakes prediclions about the environmental impacts of thie Phu Ninh Sub-Project (Chapter 4) based on existing informalion and underslanding of the environmental and social resources of the Phi, Ninh Sub-Project Area (Chapter 3) and the engineering works required for the Sub-Project as they are currently defined (Chapter 2). While tlhe assessment concludes that the Phu Ninh Sub-Project is environmentally feasible, as with all predictions of environmental impacts, there is some uncertainty in the reliability of ttiese predictions, certainly not so much uncertainty as to not proceed with the Sub-Project, but uncertainty nonetheless. There are a number of sources of Ihis uncertainty:

. the actual impacts that occur as a res ult of Sub-Project implementation may be different than the predictions made in this EIA because of the limited data and information available for a nurnber of the environmental and social resources of the Sub-Project area: . the recommended mitigation measures may not be able to prevent negative environmental impacts; . during Sub-Project implementation, various factors may require Sub-Project design modifications whose environmental impacts are beyond the scope of this EIA; or . the specific engineering works with regards to the second phase of investments are unknown,

The organizational framework for the Phi, Ninh Sub-Project is sufficiently flexible and adaptable to be very responsive to these unexpected situations. It is able to accommodate numerous situations during construction and operation of the Phii Ninh Sub-Project as described below. This concept of requiring the organizational framework to be adaptable to changing Sub-Project circumstances is in fact supported by IDA OP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment.

Scenario 1: Unexpected Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts Trigger Sub-Project Design Modifications, Environmental Review of Design Modifications, and Possible Revisions to EMP There may be a need for modifications to tie Sub-Project design in ordler io ameliorate or reduce unexpected environmental and/or socioeconomic impacts that were not predicted in this EIA There is experience witli this type of situation in water resources projects in Viet Nam. In the Mekong Delta Water Resources Project, for example, the South Mang Thit Sub-Project needed re-design as a result of unexpected and negative impacts of using an inappropriate sluice design that had been approved in the Sub-Project FS. If this scenario were to occur at any stage during implementation of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project, the institutional arrangements for implementing the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan (Section 5.9, Page 56) will ensure that:

. The new FS that is required for the Sub-Project modifications will include an environmental review of the Sub-Project modifications. This environmental review will include a revision of the Environmental Management Plan if necessary. with adjustment of budgets, sampling regimes, and reporting requirements; and . The new FS for the Sub-Project modirications and the associated environmental review and revised Environmental Management Plan will be reviewed and approved using existing review and approval procedures for feasibility studies and environmental assessments in Viet Nam and between the GoVN and IDA. Existing review and approval procedures are sufficient and adequate35.

Scenario 2: Detailed Design of Second Phase of investrents Accompaniorl by Environmrintal Review and Possible Revisions to EMP Necessitated by the Investmiienits 'I here will be a requirenment to review the detailed design of the second phase of investments for the Phtu Ninh Sub-Project for environmental effects at l, if necessary, modify the Environmental Management Plan. The institutional arrangements for implementing the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environinental Management Plan (Section 5.9, Page 56) will ensure that:

. An environmental review wilt be prepared as part of the detailed design for the second phase of investments for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. This environmental review will examine the lessons learned

35 These procedures were followed in the case of Ihe Soult Mang t hit Sub-Project. 64 fronm moniitoring the environmenital effects of the first phase of investments: .This environmental review will include a detailed design of the Environmental Management Plan for the second phase of investments, incltiding budgets, sampling regimes, and reporting reqtuirements; and .The detailed design for the second phase of investments and the associated environmental review revised and Environmental Management Plan will be reviewed anrl approved using existing review and approval procedures in Viet Nam and between the GoVN and IDA. As above, existing review and approval procedures are sufficient and adequate. Scenario Situation 3: Review and Possible Revisions to EMP to Strengthen Existing Mitigation and Monitoring Programs Results from implementing the Environmental Management Plan may suggest that there is a need to modify the Environmental Management Plan for one of the following reasons: . Additional mitigation measures are required because the Sub-Project is having unexpected environmental effects that are not predicted in this EIA and these effects can he mitigated by modifying Sub-Project implementation rather than by modifying Sub-Project design: . mitigation measures that were specified in thie original Environmental Management Plan are not proving to be effective and need to be strengthened or modified: . mitigation measures that were specified in the original Environmental Management Plan are proving to be too stringent and can be relaxed to improve cost-effectiveness; . the effects monitoring sampling regime needs to be adjusted to better detect impacts of the Sub-Project. Again, there is experience witli this type of situation in water resources projects in Viet Nam. In the Mekong Delta Water Resources Project, for example. the water quality monitoring program was adjusted two years Project implementation into in order to better detect Project impacts downstream of the Project area. If this scenario were to occur at any stage during implementation of the Phi) Ninh Sub-Project, the institutional arrangements for implementing the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan (Section 5.9, Page 56) will ensure that: . a revised Environmental Management Plan to suit the revised requirements for environmental protection will be prepared, with adjustment of budgets, sampling regimes, and reporting requirements to suit the new requirements; and . the revised Environmental Management Plan will be reviewed and approved using the existing review and approval procedures in Viet Nam and between the GoVN and IDA. Scenario 4: No Changes Required in EMP Results from implementing the Environmental Management Plan may suggest that no changes are required to the either the Sub-Project design or the Environmental Management Plan itself and the Environmental Management Plan can continue to proceed as designed.

5.13 Costs of Pltt Niiili Sub-Pi-oiec Eiivii-oiiiiieiital AVlana2emeint P'lati The total cost of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan is US $403,670, consisting of $243,711 for the US environmental mitigation programn and US $159,959 for the environmental mitigation compliance monitoring and environnienlal effects monitoring programs. Detailed costs are provided in Table 34 and Table 35 for the Environmental Mitigation Programs and the Environmental Monitoring Programs (compliance monitoring and environmental effects monitoring). respectively. Table 36 contains a list of the assumptions preparation made in the of the cost of the Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan

65 Table 34: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmnental Mitigation Program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project,

Envsironmental Mitigation Cost item Units usS Sper Unit 1 2 Year of tmp±lementation 6Total _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ 2_ 3 4 J 5 ] _ _7 ______,PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES______Environmental Review of Coastal Aquaculture in Nui Thanh District 1______1______atS__sNto afudContraclcr days -- -0j 3,000 _0__I______Fees - NaSonaf e,~~~~u da~~...... 160 601 - - ______3,60003,o(

rravef ______temp sum 500 I ______F...... ______0500- GalaMiscelfa-sous Ac0uist,on. Reoortng. ~~~~~~~20%personnel 7201 _____2 ______7.1..._ 820.__ Subtotal ______I__ 7.8201 _Adrn,,nsLrat,on FeIO fSooa f.Osts) I 2[______L _____ 760 Total______8,4.46) i - i i- _ [ 8,446 Preparation of Action Plan for Controling Aquatic Weeds in Irrigation Scheme___ L.---*------I lass 00 601~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .0

rranef 1 Iompsum 500 I ~~~I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~If-0 DaaAcju,toe.ReooruaeS2,L'fsefluaeus ______eoersonnet 2 ______Subtotaf ______820______7______1 2 Adm m';~str_aaonFee f6% of Suoltoat £~.OsiS) ______626 I 626 Total _ _ _1846 __ I__ i r 8,446 )CONSTRUCTION PHASES ______I______[Detection and Clearing Unexploded Ordnance ______I___ __IT

Suve nd atmetnf Se2coedtn, aesoet acxagqe ______cmunes , 00 36 I -I.. . 36.000 1 S u btotaf ______I ______d.000~~~~~~3 6 0 000 1 I ______j 40.0 0 0 Ad, L,Sr i- n F-eeK@'_qf S______. I 32 1 2 8_ _ _ _ 3.200 Total - 4,320 I 38,880 I ______43,200 ;Mitigation of Coastal Aquaculture in Nui Thanh District______,______I _ _ _ _ I Wetland Rtestorat,on and R.enae,titat-: ______la 50 . . 16 120 ±0.0QUIN____ ensmonmental Extens,on Se,,,ces to Ac,cuitural Housenofds j Ot tI 500I 13 ______2 __ :L

. -130.000 Su total______5______36.000 ______of_u__ c_a____ s______I______2.320 5.250 2.880 ____ Tot~~ialtnFe1%0 ~L~.I______ufiaL ______j31,320 1 70,200 1 38.88 0 i 4040 ~OPERATIONAL PHASES _ _ _ 1 ______1 _ _ L ______[Implem-entation of Action Plan for Controling Aquatic Weeds in Irrigation Scheme ______I______Pro.sisonal esomatson of costs 1300%~ol otev,ous remoual pmgrams) ______j______.6 6.6677I 6.~667I ______20,300 ~Integrated Pest Management Program for Command AreaI______I_ ___i______I _ _ __1 ______IPM Eatensown First Investment Pac.naqe I communes I 500 1 1_____ 7 ___ I i3.500 IPM Exrtensron in Second In estmentf c ______communes I ______21.500 Subtotal ______II 3.500 I .0 9,000 1I Amrn.stration Fee 16%of Suototal G,ostsf ______I 260 I 720 720 1 - _____ 720 Total ______I - 3,7801 1 99.7201 720 9,79,720 0 I - ______223,220~~~~~~~~~~~3780 22 Total, Environmental Mitigation Pr42rm307 1 19, 527T 5'5,-26'7J -9,"7"2-0 I ____ 243,'71 1

6 6 Table 35: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Monitoring Programs for Phu Ninh Sub-Project.

Environmental Monitoring Cost Item Units 1USS$per Unit 2Year of Implementation 67 Total

MITIGATION COMPLIANCE MONITORING -1f ' y!qyiq~q_lac ontrn fCntuto Contracts

0S _-Nilonal Safeguard Contractor days 01 2 02 20 105 5250 Travel l~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~500 ~~1 ~1 ~1 ~~urnpsum 111 3,500 e~porling,_Miscellaneous 20% personnel 120-- 240 240 240 240-- 120 - -. 0 260------Subtotal .2 .4 .4 2.940 2.940 1.720 1.10 1.1 AdminstratonFe (8% fSutalCts 138 235 235 25 25 18 8 .0 Total-----T ____-185 ------3,175 3,175Yi-i----- 3,17 -----. 3f 175 :::::1,858 1,1199 17,615 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING EnvionmntalImpctsof Coastal Aquaculture F

pH sml218 1 18 118 18 1 5 TSS-- --- ~am-----e T 1 ------6 18 18---__~ ------18 .... . 18 . .. 1...18 8 -- __18 7------622 COD sml818 8 11818 8 8 18i 1,00 Als samoIe_ 6 18- 18 - 181 18 18 18 18 75E6 P04-P ~~~~~~ --- ~ ~5-----6----- ~ --- ~~~18_ ~~18...... ~ ~~18 ~ ~~sample18 18 18 18 763 00-66------s-amplo- e- f 183 1.8 18 18 18 18 18 6300 SamplingCosts) Costs (200/o I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3of Analysis 187i 187I87 1878 187 5 1,300

Sub03l2 Costsej 1.38 1.38 1is 1 i34 1,38 1.38 1,38 9.5 Administration18% of Subtotal CosIsi Fee 1 sa,- -e- - 108 108 i08 108 108 108 108 755

Pers~ao fnneCosts. Field orfAnJs days------I------157 157 157 I5 187 18157,0

PersonnelCosts. Reportinle nd Aaly,s Cs ay I 80 - - 52255 25 2,100

S__~u btotalCosts ------I------2--- .340 2.----1340---- 2 .340 --- 12.40 --- 12.40 2.----1340 2.340 16,380 Administration Fee(8% of Subtotal Costs) 187 187 187 187 187 187 187 1.31 To tal Coss o-a-s-tal--Wetland Quality M o.i n o .------2.4527 2.4527 2.527 2.452 2.4527 2.4527 2.4527 17,590-

E nvroimty M oni..... ofrjE.fect o A . .ai .. Weeds . . ------Fees Fiel Cork acordas 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 4,200 SANational- --- dCot------aeu-co d- ys 50-1-10-0-1010-1-10-,50 Travelnd.Tavml -sum--500--1-1- 1 1 1 1..... 1 3.2500 SuTotal.Pes n lC ss-----I------1.600 ---- 1.600 1.900 1,9600 ---- 1.600 1.900 1.600 I1.20

Admnitratalionsets uttl i12 2 2 1284 2834 12834 12834 13890

Total ___ss__nv_ro____m_e_n_afImpcts_f_Auacltur_ ----- 1.728 _ 1.28 172 1783 132.9283 13.7283 127096

.t_r!viro mental Monitoring of Effects of Aquatic Weeds~~~6 Table 35: Detailed costs and schedule for Environmental Monitoring Programs for Phu Ninh Sub-Project., continued

Environmental Monitoring Cost Item i Units US $per Unit 1Y2a3 o mletainTotal Environmental Monitorinq for Effects of Sedimentation, Erosion, Fertilizers and Pesticides

p!t I sample ~ ~~~~3 ~~~36 ~~~~~~660 ~~~60 ~~60 ~~~~~~~~260 744 Co du tiiduc ...... ------1---36....363 .60.... 6606 60----60- 60----- 37207 TSs~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~----- sample 6 36 --36 ...... 60 ...... 60 60 60 60 2.232 6005 sample - -- 6 36 36 60 60 60 60 ------60 2.232~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~------C--6 ------Sampi ------8_- - - -- 3-6 36 60 - --- -60-60---- _ ------60 ------60 - -- --2 32.97 Fe ~~~~~~~~~ 8 ~~~6 ~~~36 ~~~6 0 ~~~~samole60 60 60 2.976i~

--N03-2 - ---- sample_ _I ---- 36----36- 60 60 60------6-0 60------860---- P04-P ------..... sample--- 5--- 36------2366 ----- 0- 60------0- --- 0- 1.-----60 00 ~~~~~~~~ 5 ~~~~36 ~~~36 ~~~~~~sample60 60 60 60 60 1.860 Na s~~~~~~~~~ 36- ~~~36 ~~~60 ~~~~~6 0 60 ~~am2ple60 1.6 smol 5 6 30 60 60 60 6 .6 Ca ,6-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~sapt_6 Ca ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~sarnple5 3 3 0 6 60 60 60 1.860 Biocides sample 100 12 12 20 20 20------~ 20 20 12.400 Fecal Colitorm ~~~~~~ ...... ~ ~ ~~~~~~~sample36..... 36 36 36 36 36 36' 2.268 TotalSurface AnaI~~~~~s,~~ .Vaw------r- Costs, 3.9----6-3,936----6,344-3,33644--6.3 39366--3- 4 6.3444 39.53492- 2. Groundwater Quality --n---- -in ------Analyis Costs ------a------o------e ------2-- 10-10-14--14-4-14-14-18 Conductivi~~~~~~~~~~~~~ samole 1 10 10 14] 14 14 14------TSS samole 6 10 10~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~---f141 14 ------14------14~ 14----14------90-- 540------f6

COO samoiel 8 10 10 14] 14 14 14 14 720~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.1 Al ~~~~~~~~ -6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~sample100 1 14 14 14 14C 540Z N0 ------14----- 5---10-----10-----14-- f51441 14-- 14-- 4 4502 5 1 10 14 14 .414 450 P04- sample 6__1_------_----- ~ 7------~o DO sample ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~510 10 14 14 14 14 14 45 Fe---r------C------s m le-leam ------9 -- -- 10-1 10------1414 14 - ---- I--14- - --- 14------41- - -810-8 0 !iocidesB- eamp.e...100 10 ..... 10 14 .. ...14 14 14 14 9.000 Total Analysts Costs. Grounowater 1,610~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_1,1_.5 .5 .54 2.254 2.254 14.490 TolalAna ~lysisCosts.S rurfcewatrPu rater te ,561 5.546 8.598 8.59 8.598--- .5----8--- 8.598------54,082----- … - -….'------………------…------S§Amotinp Cot 2% of Analysis Costs) 1.109 1.109 1.720 1.720 1.70 1720 1.7 2 10.816 Personnel Reporting~Costs (20% of Samole arnd Analysis Costs) i1,331 1.331 2,0654 2.064 2.064 2.064 2.064 12.980 Sucoqlementary Data Acquisition . ,0 ,0 ~150 150 150 1.500 1.50 9.0 SublolalCosts ------__ - 898 898 13.881 13.881 13.881 13.88 19.:18737 -- ……… ------~~~~~------Total ot,WtrQaiyMntrn ______1______9.705 9.705 1 14.992 l 4.T992 1,9 I99 Ji 14,92 9436 ToaCosts, Environmental Monitoring Programs i ______I______L17,274 18.5911 23.878T 23.878 F 23,878 22.560 21,901 1151.959

6 8 Table 36: List of assumptions made in cost estimation of Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan.

Item No. Comments No. Communes in Pilot Areas 7 * Socioeconomic information for Phu Ninh Sub-Project No. Communes in Remainder of Command Area 36 Socioeconomic information for Plhu Ninh Sub-Project No. Surface Water Sampling Locations in Pilot Areas in First 4 Investment phase No. Surface Water Sampling Localions Upsiream and Downsiream 8 of Command Area in First Investment phase No. Surface Wafer Sampling Locationis in Command Area in 12 Second Investment phase No. Surface Water Sampling Locations Upstream and Downstream 8 of Command Area in Second Investment phase No. Surface Water Samples per Year at Each Location 3 Requirements estimated using professional judgment and No. Groundwater Sampling Locations in Pilot Areas in First 4 water quality monitoring specialists at Sub-lnstitute for Water Investment phase Resources Planning and Management No. Groundwater Samplinig Locations Upstream and Downstream 6 of Command Area in First Investment phase No. Groundwater Sampling Locations in Command Area in Second 8 Investment phase No. Groundwater Sampling Locationis Upstream and Downstream 6 of Command Area in Second Investment phase No. Croundwater Samples per Year at Each Location 1 No. Surface Water Samples for Coastal Aquacullure Monitoring 6 Rates for Water Quality Analyses and Associaled Percenlages for * Darivrd anrdextrapolated from Phuoc Hoa Wafer Resources Project EMP and Sampling Costs, Personnel Costs, etc. for Waler Oualily Monlrioing Mekong Dela Water Resources Project EMP US $ per day for national consullanl 60 * Assumes a 22 day working month, market pdce DSA for national consultant 50 US $ to survey and treat (if necessary) one commune fotUXO 1,000 Extrapolated from Pthuoc Hoa Water Resources Projecl EMP From Quang Nam PFS conducted for ADB 5712 Coastal and US $1o restore/rehabilitate one ha of coastal welland 500 Marine Environmental Management in the South China Sea, _ ~~~~~~Phase2 (2000) US $1io implementi IPM ina commune 1,000 Professional judgment

69 Table 37: Environmental mitigation program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project. Pre-Construction Phases

MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN NUi THANH DISTRICT, PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES RESOURCES TO . Surface Waler Quality - Section 4.6.1. Page 41 13ESROTECTEDT Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity -Seclion 4.6.2. Page 42 BEPROTECTED . Terrestrial Ecosystems and Terrestrial Biodiversily - Section 4.6.2, Page 42 Conducl an environmental review of the area of coaslal aquariullure in Niji Thanh Distncl Ihat is In benerit from the increased MITIGATION supply nr Irestiwaler waler fror IltheSuib-Prolect. Key issues lo be examined include loss o1coaslal wellanrls and other DESCRIPTION coastal ecosyslems. managemrent ol sedinrent pond wastes and pond waslewaters, and existing provisions for DESCRIPTIONenvironmental rarnagemrert ol this program. Outputl will be a set of recommendations lo Ouang Nam Province for effective environmental management o1the coastal aquacujltlure program in Nui Thanh District. PROASEOFSUB- Pre-Construction: First Invesimnent phase

MITIGATION . An approved detailed environmental management program for coastal aquaculture in Ousng Nam Province, Including a TARGETS detailed schedule for implementation MONITORING REQUIRED * No monitoring required at this stage * Consullant Environmenala Specialist to prepare detailed Terms of Reference for study as part of detailed design of EMP: First Investment phase RESPONSIBILITIES * An appropriate Environmental Safeguard Conlractor will be engaged lo conduct the environmental review and prepare Ihe FOR Coastal Aquacutllure Environnienlal Managemenl Plan (GO selection recommended). Inputs will be supervised by Ihe IMPLEMENTATION Consultanl Environmental Specialists . Qijang Nam DoSTE will be executing agency for the environmental review * Quang Nam DoFt will be Ihe Impllementing agency for the environmental review REPORTING A compleled and approved Enivironmnenal Review ol Coaslal Aquarailltire in Nui Thanhi District . Inslitutions to review coastal aqtuiacultore environmental management plan include: VWRAP PMU, MARD, IDA, Quang Nam REQUIREMENTS DoFI, Quang Nam DoSTE, MoNRE

MCOTSATION 8,446 - Please see Table 34. Page 66 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule.

MITIGATION OF ONGOING DEGRADATION OF SURFACE WATERS BY AOUATIC WEEDS, PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES RESOURCES TO SurtacCeWaler Qualily - Section 4.6.1. Page 41 BE PROTECTED * Aquatic Ecosystems arid Aqualic Biodiversity -Seciion 4,13.2,Page 42 MITIGATION Coniduct a research sftidy lo evalkrnie atlernale nielhocls toecontrolling aqualic weeds iii tle Phu JinhiReservoir and in the DESCRIPTION conmmand area. Output will be a costed set of recommendations to Phii Ninh IMC for controlling aquatic weed problem. PHASE OF SUB- * Pre-Construction: Firsl Investment phase PROJECT MITIGATION An approved action plan for conlrol of aquatic weeds inthe Phu Ninh Irigation Scheme, including a detailed schedule for TARGETS implementation MONITORING No monitoring required at this stage REQUIRED . An appropriate environmenlal saleguard contraclor will be engaged lo conduct the reviow and aclion plan (CO selection RESPONSIBILITIES reconimended) under tIhesuLpervision of the Consultant Environmental Specialists Phu Ninh IMC will be executing and implementing agency for research study and will be responsible for approving final action IMPLEMENTATION . Consultant Environmental Specialist In prepare detailed Terms of Reference for study as part of detailed design of EMP: First Investment phase REPORTING . A compleled and approved Action Plan for Conlrol o0Aquatic Weeds in Phu Ninrh Irrigalion Scheme REQUIREMENTS Inslilulions to review action pIne include: VWRAP PMU, MARD, IDA, Quang Nam DoFI, Quang Nam DoSTE, MoNRE C Research study shotrld evaluale whelther or riot upgradinq of PhuINinh Irrigation Scheme will by itself resolve aqualic weed COMMENTS _problenri (eg through increased flow tlrrotilh irrigalioni canal system)

COSTSIG O S 8,446 -Please see Tablc 34. Page 6fi for dnmlailed description ot costs and implementation schedule. MITIGATION OF RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITION . Popilralinnis and Cornmeriirlins - Seclion) 4.3.8, Page 36 RESOURCES TO Infrastrtictuire, Local Facililies - Section 4.6.3. Page 43 BEPROTECTED . Local Employment Levels - Seclion 4.4.3, Page 37 . Econonmic Activities and Inconre - Section 4.4.4, Page 38 . detailed design. approval, anr inimplementalion of Reselllenrent Action Plan for Sub-Project affected households in MITIGATION accordance with IDA Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement DESCRIPTION . implementation of approved procedures for compensation for loss of land or other assets in accordance with IDA Operational Policy 4.12- Involuntary Rescllement PHASE OF SUB- . Pre-Construction: First Investirient phase PROJECT Pre-ConsIruticion: Second Inveslnient phase

70 Table 37: Environmental mitigation program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project., continued. Pre-Construction Phases, continued

MITIGATION OF RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITION, CONTINUED MITIGATION All Sub-Project-affected persons are fairly compensaled. TARGETS MONITORING Moniloring of RAP implementalion requjired REQUIRED RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION REPORTING * Implementalion responsibilily resls wilh Phu Ninh Sib-Projec SIU REQUIREMENS . Phlt NinhlSul)-Projecl RAP conrlains complele delaits on implementalion responsibililies, costs, and reporling requirements REQUIREMENTS MITIGATION COSTS (US $) MITIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING, PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES . Surface Waler Hydrology --Section 4.fi 1, Page 40 RESOURCES TO Aqualic Ecosyslems and Aquiatic Biodiversily -Seclion 4.6.2 Page 42 BESPROTECTES Domestic and Drinking Water Supply and Qualily - Section 4.6.3, Page 43 BEPROTECTED * Populations and Communilies - Seclion 4.3.8, Page 36 . Economic Aclivities and Income - Seclion 4.4,4, Page 38 . ensure lining occurs wilh minimal disruption to economic aclivilies of waler benenciaries by developing a canal lining MITIGATION schedule Ihal is a combination of consIrucl ion effiriency and minimal waler user disruption DESCRIPTION * develop a canal lining scheduile using a thorough and well-documenled consultalion process thal obtains approval for water disruption to water users and pirvincial governmenl (responsible for Implementing provincial economic developmenl plans and responsible for meeting provincial economic oulpul largels) PHASE OF SUE- * Pre-Construclion: Fircl Investment phase PROJECT . Pre-Construction: Second Inveslmenl phase MITIGATION . Two canal lining plans. each complele wilh delailed impinmenlalion schedule and terms and condilions for construclion MITIGATION conlraclors. one for each invesinent phase, hat have the approval of Ouang Nam Province, aHlected distdcts and TARGETS comrnunes, and wilh villaqcs inIhe aftecled communes having been consulted and informed.

MONITORING * Monitoring reqruired to ensure canal lining program proceeds as approved and affected households are salisfied with Ihe

REQUIRED prograIdisrupilon orIhey lIe endure.second MoniloririginvcslTcal resullsphasc iffrom renuired. firsl inveslmenl phase will be used bomodify the design ol the canal lining . Phu Ninil Sub-Project SIU will have primafy responsibilily for developing canal lining schedule. Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU will RESPONSIBILITIES have ihe responsibility for preparing Ihe appropriate terms and condibions to include in the conslruclion conlracts for canal FOR lining. These ternis and condilioris should incilide specificalion of penallies for non-compliance wilh agreed lining schedule. IMPLEMENTATION V.WvRAPPMU, IDA. MARD will have tlie OpplrOilunil;y to review dralf plans as they are prepared _Quang Nam PPC will give finat afpproval of each o1the canal lining plans. REPORTING Two reports vwillbe prepared, one for each inveslment phase. These reports will consist of the detailed implementation REQUIREMENTS schedule for the canal lining of each of the two investmenl phases . Ifwill be necessary oblain approval for canal lining for waler supply disruption from waler users and provincial governmenl COMMENTS (responsible for inlplemenlinot provircial economic developnment plans and responsible for meeting provincial economic ___ ouu largels) Ihrough an exlernsive and documenled consultation process

COSTSI U'iS * Pad of detailod design costs [or FhI Ninh Sub-Project MITIGATION OF EFFECTS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS: DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING; EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS; AVOIDANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES; DISRUPTION TOLOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES * Surface Waler Hydrology - Spclion 4.6 I. Page 40 . Aquatic Ecosyslems and Aqutatlc Biodiversily -Section 4.6.2, Page 42 RESOURCES TO . Domeslic and Drinking Waler Sulpply and Quialily - Section 4.6.3, Page 43 BE PROTECTED Populalions and Communilios - Section 4.3.8. Page 36 * Economic Aclivilies ard Inconinr Sr.clinn 4.4.4, Page 38 * Cultural and Historic Resoruci's - Section 4.6.3, Page 44 NlITIGATION f.I)(lopInurris and rrirlilirIrir. Ur ho ilicludoid in cnnlrirClitar (:onlractl in avoid or mirriinize tlI nillf:cls oI coirustruction activilies on important envirouirinental resources in the Phu Ninh Sub-Project and associated area of influence (see Table 37 DESCRIPTION below, uIndter Consirticlior Phise for delails of terms and conditions to be included) PHASE OF SUB- Pre-Conlrticlion: First Invrilvrornl phase PROJECT Pre-ConrrsIriclion: Sec(irid lrvl -Irrrcnililphaso MITIGATION Approved sel of lerms and coridiliotis included in all consiruclion contracts TARGETS MONITORING No monitoring required at tlp time REQUIRED

71 Table 37: Environmental mitigation program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project., continued. Pre-Construction Phases, continued

MITIGATION OF EFFECTS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS, CONTINUED: DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING; EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS; AVOIDANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES; DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES RESPONSIBILITIES Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU will lhave primary responsibilily for developing canal lining schedule FOR Consullanl Environmilenlal Specialisis will provide lechnical assistance Io Phu Ninh Sub-Projecl SIU in preparing Ihese terms IMPLEMENTATION and condilions REPORTING REQUIREMENTS none MITIGATION COSTS (US . Pal of detailed design cnsls for Phlt Ninli Suib-Projecl

Construction Phases

MITIGATION OF RISKS FROM UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE RESOURCES TO Populalions and Communilies - Seclion 4.3.8. Page 36 BE PROTECTED . Infrastruclure, Local Facililies - Section 4.6.3. Page 43 MITIGATION * Carry oul UXO deleclion sirvey in all areas of unproduclive/unused land Ihal is going lo be dislrirbed from construclion DESCRIPTION aclivilies or civil works Ihal will require excavalion lo below 2 m deplh. DESCRIPTION______Salely remove and serure all ordn,ance rio ginnng construclion work. PHASE OF SUB- Pre-ConsriclionIn Fi;Sl Inivt:;Illmel phrise PROJECT Pre-Conslruction: Second Inveslmenl phase MITIGATION . No injuries or dealhs caused by UXO delonalion during conslruclion phase TARGETS . MONITORING No . . REQUIRED * No moniorng iS required RESPONSIBILITIES . Ministry of Defence will be responsible for implemenling this component of the miligation programl. They have underlaken FMPOEMENTATION similar activilies for olher inlrastruclure projects inViet Nam. IMPLEMENTATION

REPORTING T Ordnance Survey and Trealnieotl Complelion Report to be submitted by Ministry of Defence conlractors

COSTSI US S 43,200 -Please see Table 34. Page 66 for delailed descriplion of costs and implemenlation schedule. MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE, CONSTRUCTION PHASES RESOURCES TO * Surface Waler Ouality - Seclion 4.6.1, Page 41 PROTECTED Aqualic Ecosyslems and Aqualic Biodiversily -Section 4.6.2. Page 42 BEPROTECTED * Terrestrial Ecosyslems and Terrestrial Biodiversily - Seclion 4.6.2, Page 42 .Implemenlation of Ihe priorily compionents o1 Ihe envirotimental management plan for lIhe Nu! Thanh Dislrict coaslal aquacullure prograni developed in the pre-construclion phase of the first investment phase. These components are expecled 1oincluded bIll nol lie restricted lo: MITIGATION - Resloralioii and rehabililatinn of 235 ha of degraded wetlands in NuriThanh District as described in Coaslal Resources DESCRIPTION Managermrent Pre-leasihilily Sir(ly prepardl for Owring Nam Province under ADB 5712-REG: CoasIal and Marine Environmental Managenirni iniIhe Sourth China Sea, Phase 2; * Ervironmenlal extension seivices providedl Io aqriacullilre tious5holds on appropriate management of sedimeni pond wasles _ and pond waslewalers _ _

PROJECT * Construction: Firsl Invesmirrril phastr MITIGATION *No net loss of important coaslal Pnisyslems as a result of coastal aquackilure program implementalion TARGETS *Minimization of iriipacts oni co,nslf waler quality from implemenlalion of coastal aquacullure program * Compliance moniloring will be required to ensure miligalion largets as specified inthe coaslal aquacullure environmental MONITORING management plan are mel REOUIRED * Environmenlal eflects monitnring will be required to assess effects of coasial aquaculture in Nui Thanh Disirici on ihe coastal aquatic environmrent . The execuling and impleienrtlirng agencies for implementing Ibe priorily componenls of the environmental mranagement plan RESPONSIBILITIES for the coastal aquacullure progratn will be selected upon approval of the actual environmenlal management plan (see FOR above); candidate inslittitiotq are Ouang Nam DARDOOuang Nam DoSTE, and Ouang Nam DoFi IMPLEMENTATION . Nalional Safeguard Contraclors wilt provide technical assislance lo the implementing agency as required . Funds for implemenlalion ol priority components of environmenfal management plan to be financed from VWRAP funds, REPORTING . Annuat miligalion progress retonrts to be prepared by the implementing agency and submilled to Phu Ninh Sub-Projecl SIU REQUIREMENTS * Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Projeci Environmenlal Management Plan repon will include summary of implementalion progress and REOUIREMENTS docunrentation of chanaes in coastal wetlands and coaslal waler quality in Nui Thanh Disiricl. 72 Table 37: Environmental mitigation program for PhLi Ninh Sub-Project., continued. Construction Phases, continued

| MrATIW-l0N 140,400 -Please see Table 34. Page 66 for detailed description of costs and implementalion schedule.

______MITIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING, CONSTRUCTION PHASES * Surface Wafer Hydrology - Section 4.6.1, Page 40 RESOURCES TO * Aquatic Ecosyslems and Aqualic Biodiversily -Seclion 4.6.2. Page 42 * Domeslirc and Drinking Waler Supply and Oualily - Section 4.6.3, Page 43 BE PROTECTED * Populations and Communilies - Seclion 4.3.8, Page 36 * Economic Aclivities and Income - Seclion 4.4.4. Page 38 MITIGATION Implement canal lining program according to implemnentaiion plan developed during pre-construclion (delailed design DESCRIPTION phases) PHASE OF SUB- . Construclion: First Investment phase PROJECT . Construction: Second Investment phase

MITIGATION * Canal lining implemented according TARGETS to two canal lining plans * All slakeholders consultrtd and itinrnred during design of ranal lining programs. inclu(fing those who signed the canal lining ARGE______Splans are satisried with resulls ofimkplementation MONITORING . Complianice monitoirig requjired to ensure canal linirig program proceeds as approverf and affecled households and MONITORING commnriilies are satisfied wilh Ihe disrirplion they endure. Moniloring results from first investment phase will be used 10 REOUIRED modify tie desgn of tfie canoi Iin_gprogram for the second investment phase if required.

RESPONSIBILITIES Mitigation measmIes 1leIo implomenled as lerms and condifions of constriclion contracts. Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU will be FOR responsible for overseeing tIre implemrentalion ol the canal lining plan . Construclion contractors will he responsible fnr implementing the miligation measures according to contract IMPLEMENTATION coni(ditionis terms and

REQUIREMENTS Reporling on compliance witlh nintligationnieasures to be part of environmental miligation compliance monilodng aclivilies MITIGATION( Pad of delailed design cosis for PhtuNinh Sub-Projecl

MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS * Soils - Seclion 4.6.1. Page 40 RESOURCES TO * Sedimentation and Erosion - Section 4.6.1, Page 41 BE PROTECTED Surdace Waler Ouality - Section 4.6. 1, Page 41 * Aquatic Ecosystems and Aqiialic Biodiversity Seclion 4.6.2. Page 42 * Use of Ihe constriction area at tirPheadworks site should be strictly delinealed and corrirolled, * Remove topsoil before starling construction aclivilies, Remove topsoil under fhe future stockpile. Separate topsoil stockpiles and eadh stockpile lo avoid arixing bolh soils. Create small stockpiles wifh fopsoil (less than 2 meters high) in order to conserve its characterislics for fulture use afler the construction works MITIGATION . Where possihle, used dredc ed arrd excavaled soils in engineeririg works such as road foundations. Identify and cleary DESCRIPTION delineate stockpiles for storage of excavaled soils where required. Ensure stockpiles are a suilable dislance from 5-f... waler sonirces. . Ensure compensation is provided for stockpile acquisition. . Remove lopsoil widrr slonkpil! ';it(!S bulore slrnling constrrclion aclivities. Separale lopsoil stockpiles and earth stockpiles lo avoid mixing. Crealr ".irlll slockpiles with lopsoil (less than 2 m high) . Construct sedimentalion rlisirs Io capture waler coming from pumping activilies and runoff from stockpiles. Maintain MITIGATION sedimentation basins in gond working conffition. DESCRIPTION, Rehabilitate all agricriltijral andl olrer land affecled by consItUclion activities associated wilh engirieering civil works to pre- CONTINUED consfruclion condlitions * Compensale, accordinig( Iho! RAP, farmers living along canals who have been affected by disposal of spoil. PHASE OF SUB- * Consrruclion: First Invesirerinl pniase PROJECT . Construclion: Second Invesimrnl ptrase * best practices' implemenled according to specifications. MITIGATION . No soil dumped outside of approved disposal areas. * Borrow pils in environmenially suirable locations, sites re-vegetated to pre-construction conditions at end of construction TARGETS . 100% of agricultural land rchhaililaled and 100% of damaged roads rehabilitated . Farmers living along canals are adequately compensated for damage caused to their assets during construction MONITORING . Compliance monitoring will hte required to ensure mitigation targets are met

RESPONSIBILITIES * Miligation meassures lo hr irplemrented as ferms and condilions of construction contracts. Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU will be FOR responsible for preparing lermrs and condilions with technical assistance from Ihe Consultant Environmental Specialists. . Construction conlraclors will be responsible for implemenling the miligalion measures according to contracl IMPLEMENTATION conditions. termnsand

REPORTING TS Reporing on coilphancr wilr nilinoalion measwres lo be part of environmental mitigation compliance monitorng REQUIREMENTS activities

COSTS (US $) . Costs for miligalton mpeaslrw: are incilided as pair ol construclion contracl costs.

73 Table 37: Environmental mitigation program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project., continued. Construction Phases, continued

MITIGATION TO AVOID DISRUPTION TO CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES RES-PROTECTEST Cutltural and Historic Resotirces - Seclion 4.6.3, Page -BE PROTECTED 44 * All mitigation regarding cultural and historic sites lo be implemented in accordance with IDA Operational Policy 11.03 - Cultural Property MITIGATION * Locate construction facilities (worker camps, etc.) to avoid permanenl alienation of important cultural or historic sites * Where possible, locate engineerirq cvil works to avoid permanent alienation of important cullural or historic sites DESCRIPTION . Mark and fence off important cullural and historic sites Ihat are adjacent or near to construction facilities and enginsering civil works to prevent damage * Consiruction contractors to include plan for avoidance of cultural and hisloric sites as par of their technical bids PHASE OF SUe- . Consirtlcion: First Invesintenl phase PROJECT . Construction: Second Investment phase MITIGATION . All cultural and hisloric siles wilhin the Suh-Project remain intact and in the same condition as TARGETS prior to construction MONITORING * Compliance monitoring will he rerquired to ensure miligation largets are met REQUIRED RESPONSIBILITIES . Mitigation measures lo he iviplemelned as terms and conditions of construction contracts. Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU will be FOR responsible for preparing rirms and conditions wilh technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. IMPLEMENTATION * Consiruclion conlractors will he responsible for implementing miligalion measures according to terms and conditions.

REQUIREMENTS . Reportinq on comnlianice wilh nmiligalion meaSures to be part of environmental mitigation compliance moniloring activities MITIGATION COSTS (US 5) * Coslt oitriligalinn me. inrrsin incdiirtd as part of conslmiulion contract costs. MITIGATION OF POSSIBLE DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES RESOURCES TO * Populalions and Commlnities - Seclion 4.3.8, Page 36 BE PROTECTED * Infrastructure and Local Facilities - Seclion 4.6.3, Page 43 * All vehicles musl meel noise and air emission nalional slandards. * Households, outside consitrclion Rigtil-of-Way ROW (inside is included in the RP) which have suffered damage from road consiruction or road traiffic impact should be compensated. MITIGATION * Speed limits must be enforced on permanent and tomporary roads. DESCRIPTIGN . Safety signs and guar(d tails should be installed as needed, Speciric securiy measures should be designed for village and DESCRIPTION school areas along the lemporary and permanent project roads (e.g. speed bumps located at each end of residential areas or near schools). * Compensate, according to Ihe Reselilemenl Plan. households outside the ROW who have suffered damage trom road construction or consiiclion-relaled tralfic. PHASE OFSUB- * Construction: First Invinsilmcnl phase PROJECT . Construction: Second linvesnirenl phase MITIGATION . No injuries or dealtl lo Soh-Projecl caused by construction aclivities MITIGATION - Households outside nl ROW aweadequately compensatert for disturbance caused by road tratfic, other construction activities TARGETS . All inquiries and any counl;ilnIs Iroumlocal residents are promptly and properly dealt with by constructioni contractors. MONITORING * Compliance moniloriori will leiqcluied to ensure mniligalion largets are met REQUIRED '______RESPONSIBILITIES . Mitigation nicasuies to1- - iplrtruiirledt as ternms andI cotidilions o1construction conlracts. Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU will be RESPONSIBILITIES responsible for preparing ICrm1snor condilions wilh lechnical assistance from Ihe Consultant Environmental Specialists. FOR * Constrction contractors will hp responsible for implementing the mitigation measures according to contract teens and IMPLEMENTATION condtiioiis.

REPORTING Reporting on complsoncr with wiliQalton measures to he part of environmental miligation compliance moniloring aclivities

COSTS (US S . Costs for miligation meaitiins are included as par of constuction conlracl costs.

Operational Phases

MITIGATION OF ONGOING DEGRD DATION OF SURFACE WATERS INIRRIGATION SCHEME BY AOUATIC WEEDS RESOURCESTO * SurfaceWalerOQuIIliy-SecInir 146.1,Page41 BE PROTECTED Aquatic Ecosystems and Aqualic Biodiversily -Section 4.6.2. Page 42 MDTIGATION . Implement the aqulalic wr>"il crnlrnl program DESCRIPTION PHASE OF SUB- Operalion: First InvnsItiinrrI ph1se PROJECT 74 Table 37: Environmiienital mitigation program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project., continued.

Operational Phases, continued

MITIGATION OF ONGOING DEGRADATION OF SURFACE WATERS IN IRRIGATION SCHEME BY AQUATIC WEEDS, CONTINUED MITIGATION * Decline in the distribution and abundance or aqualic weeds in the Phu Ninh Reservoir and in the Phu Ninh command area to TARGETS levels that are acceptable for operalion ot the Irrigalion Scheme

MONITORING . Eflects monitoring to measure changes in the spalial distribution and overall abundance of aqtuatic weeds in the Phu Ninh REQUIRED Irrigation Scheme RESPONSIBILITIES . An appropriale Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged to implement the action plan for the control ot aquatic FOReseoNstetLtTte weeds in the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme (CO selection recommended) under the supervision of the Consutltant FOR Environmental SpecialisIs IMPLEMENTATION * Phu Ninh IMC will be execuling agency tor the implementation of the action plan REPORTING Annual reports wilt be prpared on proeg,ss ot impIrmmntntion o*trsilatic weed conlrol measures . Annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environrnentat Management Plan report wilt inctude summary of implementation progress and REQUIREMENTS documenlaiIon of chan,es indisIribulion and abundance in aquatic weeds intle Phu Ninh Sub-Project Irrigalion Scheme M. 20.000 -This cost is provisiont onvlynird is sot at 300% ot the cost of a previous attempt at artualic weed control The actual CIOGrOSTS(UScosts will be conifirmiled in tIhepreparrlion ot tie aclion plan for aqtualic weed control. Please see Table 34. Page i6 tor COSTS (US S) detailed descriplion ot costs anrt imipleminlalion schedule.

MITIGATION OF INCREASED APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION * Sirfacne Walnr Oualily - Section 4 r. 1. Page 41

RESOURCES TO * Groundwaler Resources - Section 4.6.1, Page 42 . Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity -Section 4.6.2, Page 42 BE PROTECTED * Domestic and Drinkino Waler Supply and Outlity - Section 4.6.3, Page 43 * Human Health -Sectioni 4 4.9, Page 39 MITIGATIOI4 * strengthlening existing IPM practices in the commandtarea through the provision of trailning In IPM techniques, pestictde end lertilizer selection and use, and encouragement ot crop diversification. IPM extension will be conducted in accordance with DESCRIPTION IDA OP 4.03 - Pesticide Mana oemenl

PHASE OF SUB- * Operation: Firsl Investment phase PROJECT * Operalion: SecondcInvesmirol plhase MITIGATION * No change in eutrophic statis of surface and groLindwaler resources within and immediately downstream of Sub-Project T No change in pesticide levels in surface and groundwater resources within and immedialely downsiream o1 Sub-Project TARGETS * Decrease or no change in amount of pesticide and tertilizer used in Sub-Project area per ha of crop cultivation MONtTORtNG Etfects moniloring will be rfr,ruirerd to measure environmental conditions in surface and groundwater resources REQUIRED RESPONSIBILITIES . IPM program to be ihylirrre.n!eri liy Anricrltturn Extension offices under Ouang Nam DARD. and involving comprsing village FOR level extension oflicers. subjeil maliler specialists, agriculture extension centers; provincial extension units; farmer IMPLEMENTATION association support Ortt;I1i.':;1finril

REPORTENG T Annual IPM program implr,,nrnltati reports to ho providled by Ouang Nam DARt) to Phu Ninh Stib-Project SIU.

COSTS (US S 43,200 -Please see Tnhlo 14, P'aqo R6 [or detailed descriplion of costs and implementation schedule. MITIGATION OF INCREMENTAL ErrEC1 S OF PROVtSION OF WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USES OPERATIONAL PHASE

MDTRIATION * Implementation of prnogram for sirengthening environmental governance of industrial pollution cnnlrol in Quang Nam Province

PH NSE OF SUB- . Operation: First tInvo-.ltn-n11t rane PROJECT * Operationi: Secondt lnv-:.menlt Phase MITIGAIION * Slreng9hened envirosr"-nI:Il qov?rnannrce of it/ttislrial pollution conlrol in Ouang Nam Province, including strengthened TARGETS entorcement and compltnce monitloring o1industrial pollution regulations in Quang Nam Province RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION REPORTING . TThismiligation will I- p, O iilrtation program for environmental governance of industrial pollution control to be REPORTING conducted at the P.-'- l lrv ltwiltiin VWRAP REQUIREMENTS MITIGATION COSTS (US $) Mil:- fIlON OF EFFECTS OF DESIGN FLOOD OCCURRENCE RESOURCES TO . PotUoai3OnS arI Cmii In arwlinrr 4.38, Page 36 BE PROTECTED .Inrastrricturre atirl Loral I ;irrlili-n - Section 4.6.3, Page 43 MITIGATION Implementation of Phiu, I li-rt Dain Emergency Preparedness Plan DESC RItPTION _ PHASE OF SUB- . Operation: Firsl Investiment pha-e PROJECT OperatIon: Second I1nv-:Ii nOl phrrse 75 Table 37: Environmental mitigation program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project., continued. Operational Phases, continued

MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF DESIGN FLOOD OCCURRENCE MITIGATION TARGETS MONITORING REQUIRED RESPONSIBILITIcS FOR * Please see Phu Ninh Sub-Projeci FS for delails regarding Phu Ninh Dam EPP IMPLEMENTATION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS MITIGATION COSTS (US $)

Table 38: Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program. Pre-Construction Phases

MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN NuI THANH DISTRICT - PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES MITIGATION PERFORMANCE Review and :rpproval of Environmenlal Review of Coaslal Aqi acullure in Nui Thanh Disricl MONITORING ACTIVITIES _

RESPONSI131P11ES FOR Insliltulions to review anrl approve coaslal aquacullure environmenlal managemenl plan include: VWRAP PMU, MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MAR), IOA, Oimna N;m Dol-l, Ou;aiig Nam DoSIE. MoNRE MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST Costs included as parl of i/WRAP implementation

MITIGATION OF ONGOING DEGRADATION OF SURFACE WATERS BY AQUATIC WEEDS - PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES

MITIGATION PERFORMANCE Review and approval ol aclion plan for conlrol of erJialic weeds in tlle Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme MONITORING ACTIVITIES ______RESPONSIBILITIES FOR MITIGATION PERFORMANCE * Inslilulions to review and approve aclion plan are: Phi Ninh IMC and Ouang Nam DoSTE MONITORING _ TOTAL ESTIMATED COST * Costs inClUdUd as parl of VWRAP implementation

MITIGATION OF RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITION MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVITIES RESPONSIBILITIES FOR . Phu rlinh SlIb-Projecl RAP conlains complele details on implemenlation responsibiliiies, moniloring, costs, and MITIGATION PERFORMANCE reportilng rerpliiromieils MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST

MITIGATION OF DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING MITIGATION PERFORMANCE Review rid napproval or Canal Lining Plan prepared by PhuI Ninh Sub-Projecl SIU (one for each investmenl MONITORING ACTIVITIES phase)

RESPONSIBILITIES FOR *Onai flN,1mProvincer and affected dislricls and communes will review and approve plans. MITIGATION PERFORMANCE . All vill;i ;-,s i lIhe allecled communres will rave been consulled and inlorrned regarding Ihe plans prior to approval MONITORING | TOTAL ESTIMATED COST *Cosls ncllded as pirt of VWRAP inplemenlalion

Ml1 IGATION OF RISKS FROM UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE MITIGATION PERFORMANCE Review and approval of Ordnance Survey and Trealmenl Complelion Report prepared by Ministry of Defence MONITORING ACTIVITIES contraclors (one for each investment phase) RESPONSIBILITIES FOR MITIGATION PERFORMANCE . Phu Ninh Surb-Projecl SIU will be responsible for appropriate review and approval of completion reports MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST . Cosls icludlnd as parl of VWRAP implemnenlalion

76 Table 38: Environmilenital Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program. continued Construction Phases

MITIGATION OF EFFECTS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS: DISRUPTION TO WATER USERS FROM CANAL LINING; EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS; AVOIDANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES; DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES * supervision of consiruclion contractors during construction activities and reporting on their compliance with the environmentAl lnrmsrand cornditions container in their contracts * synoplic reports will be prepared for each consltuclion contractor visit (approximately 10 inspections per month). These will be integraled into a monthly summary report that will be submitted to Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU. * A twice-yearly PhuiNinh Sub-Project Performance Monitoring Report summarzing construction conlraclor MITIGATION PERFORMANCE perform-ncr' in the previous six months, will he prepared and submitted lo Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU. MONITORING ACTIVITIES * All monthly summary reports and the twice-yearly Phu Ninh Sub-Project Perfommance Monitoring Report will also be sent to VWRAP-PMU * Annual compliance monitoring results will be inlegrated into the annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Moniloring Report * Design ot Ihe reporling formats and supervision procedures will be completed during the Pre-Construction (Delailrd Design) Phase . An aplrlpriale Environllental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged to conduct supervision visits to construction RESPONS13LITILES FOR sites, and prnparn miliualion perlormance monitoring reports described above. Supervision visits will be MITIGATION PERFORMANCE conducled willt technicail supervision stall of Phu Ninh Sub-Projeci SIU to provide on-the-job training. MONITORING * Considtilt1 I wvironrntnlal Specialists will assist in design of Ihereporting formals and supervision Procedures durilng 1Ie I 'i-Conwit Idion (Delailed Design) Phase. TOTAL ESTIMATEDCOST US$17,615- 'leaseseeTTable35,Page67fordetaileddescriptionolcostsandimplementalionschedule.

MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF EXIANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN NUt THANH DISTRICT - CONSTRUCTION PHASES MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVITIES AAnn11rrl reroirrl'; p'r;irr (lrhy imiiplemiei(g ;agenrcy on pnogress ol implencntation of environmental maragement RESPONSIBILITIES FOR plan lor conas'tl arluaciltlure in Nui Ihanh District and submitted to Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU and VWRAP PMU MITIGATION PERFORMANCE for review andlraplproval MONITORING _ TOTAL ESTIMATED COST Cossi, *i..l.' as I'll I VWRAP impletiientation

Operational Phases

MITIGATION OF ONGOING DEGRADAI .N OF SURFACE WATERS IN IRRIGATION SCHEME BY AQUATIC WEEDS - OPERATIONAL PHASES MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVITIES Annual rroorls prepared by Environmental Safeguard Contractor on progress of implementation of action plan for RESPONSIBILITIES FOR conlrol Oj arialr. weeds MITIGATION PERFORMANCE Phu Ninhl IMIC will be responsible tor appropriate review and approval of progress and final completion reporls

MONITORING ____ TOTAL ESTIMATED COST COStS ir(rI tdeda- I)frrt ol VWRAP implementation MITIGATION OF INCREASED APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION MITIGATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVITIES | Annual IPMIimplerrenlation reporls to be provided by Quang Nam DARD to Phu Ninh Sub-Project SIU RESPONSIBILITIES FOR * PhuiNinh Suh-Projecl SIU will be responsible for appropriale review andrapproval of progress and final MITIGATION PERFORMANCE completion reporls of IPM program for Phu Ninh Sub-Project command area MONITORING TOTAL ESTIMATED COST | Costs in drtnI liIll of VWRAP implementation

77 Table 39: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF EXPANDED COASTAL AQUACULTURE IN NuI THANH DISTRICT AND EFFECTS OF COASTAL AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN . Determine: MONITORING - whai are the environmental effects of increasing aquaculture as a resull of providing freshwaier from the Phu Ninh Sub- OBJECTIVE Project to ths aquaculture sector in coastal Quang Nam: and - the success of the environmental management program for the coastal aquaculture sector developed under VINRAP. . the exact environmental indicators to be measured will be determined during the environmental review of the coastal aquacullure program cuinducleri diring the pre-construclion phase of Ihe rirst investment phase (Table 37. Page 70). but it ENVIRONMENTAL is expected thal Ihe follnwinrg environmental indicalors will he need to he measured: INDICATORS TO BE - Ambient freshwater and coastal water quality: pH, conductivily (EC). total suspended solids (TSS). BOD5, COD. Fe. Al, MEASURED nilrale-nilrile (NO2-3), phospinale (PO4-P), dissolved oxygen - Integrity of coasial wetlands anid condition of any wetlands restored as part of coastal aquacullure environmental ______mnanagenient plna- area of welland by wetland calegory and condition of these wetlands . Ambient freshwalnr and coastal water quality: - Six sampling localions within anl Rdjacenl lo the anuaruluri area in Nui Thanh District: one sampling location SAMPLING upstream and four sampling locations within the aqulaculture area, as well as one sampling location in the nearshore LOCATIONS coastal area of Niui Thanh District. . Integrily of coastal wetlands and conidition of restored wellands: - All coastal wellancis throughroul Nui Ihtanh District will be surveyed (approximalely 1,700 ha) SAMPLING SCHEULE FI Ambient freshwater and coaslal waler quality: SCHEDULE,FIRST - Each year; 3 times per year in each survey location (once after each shrimp crop and once during rainy season) AND SECOND . Integrily of coastal wellands and condilion of restored wellands: INVESTMENT - Annually: Year 11o provide a pre-Sub-Project baseline -PHASES ADDITIONAL DATA . Up to dale. linerly, i I accurrale irfIrmalion Inr each year o1Sub-Project on: AND INFORMATIION - larnd use arndILr-unioudily prourlilon -TO BE COLLECTED - construiction allri operatiOrtl ot r SLuh-Project . an Environmenlal Safeguarr Conklriclor will be engaged (CO selection recommenc(erl) lo implement this component of the RESPONSIBILITIES Environmental Elti rls Monitorlnu IPrngram under the direction of IthePhu Ninh Suh-Projecl SIU. Detailed ToR for the FOR Conlractor will ht prepared by tlih floasUllanl Environmental Specialist during Detailed Design Phase for Phu Ninh Sub- IMPLEMENTATION Project. Consirlnat Environmenrlal Specialist will oversee and guide Environmental Saleguard Conlractior duing first three - years ofNmr~plementalion. for firsl three years of Surb-Projec implemenlalion, Constillant Environmrental Specialists, with tIheassislance ot the REPORTING Environmental Sriteguard Conlractnr, will inciride resulls in annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan REQUIREMENTS Reporl. After this, reporling responsibility will lie solely with Environmenlal Saleguard Contractor. The Environmental Safeguards Contractor will also be rerqired to prepare a six-month progess report in each year of the moniloring. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST, FIRST AND SECOND 27,880 -Please sca 1able 35. Page 67 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. INVESTMENT

PHASES (US$)S ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS Mr NITORING OF DEGRADATION OF SURFACE WATERS BY AQUATIC WF'nS AND EFFECTS OF ACTION PlIAN TO REDUCE AQUATIC WEEDS IN PHU NINH IRRIGATION SCHEME MONITORING . Delermine timprnp-il changes in tIh spalial distribution anrdabundance of aquatic weeds in the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme OBJECTIVE and the eftecliv-i-qssc rtlhe aririalir weeds conlrol program ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS TO BE Eslimalion of covfrnrle and slanding hionmass MEASURED SAMPLING . saenplirtg will bo *nir)tirrlert itr InIhliU NirinilReservoir, I(le main canals, and the primary canals LOCATIONS

SCHEDULE Sampling will or-cur once per year. il the same lime each year for the entire VWvRAP implemenlalion penod ADDITIONAL DArA AND INFORMATION None requiredl TO BE COLLECTED R an EnvironmeW -*loflriarr Coall- -rnr will be engaged (CO seleclion recommended) to implement this component ot the Environmental LtIrcl rtloniloring Program. Delailed Terms of Reference for the Contractor will be prepared by the FOR Consultant Envir-nrrnlial Specialis douring Detailed Design Phase for Phu Ninh. Consultant Environmental Specialist will IMPLEMIENTATION oversee and 9!i1 - mrironmanlal Sateguard Contractor during first three years of Sub-Project implementation. f*or first three ye:ra ol Sub.Prolecl implemenialion Consultant Environmenlat Specialists with the assistance of the REPOPTING Environmental S ri-quard Contractor. will include resulis in annual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan REQUIREMENTS Repor. ARer fir -.ronnrt noqrecponsibility will lie solely with Environmental Safeguard Contraclor. The Environmental ______Safeguards Coinlraclor will also be requrired to prepare a six-month progress report in each year of the monitorng.

78 Table 39: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program. continued

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING OF DEGRADATION OF SURFACE WATERS BY AQUATIC WEEDS AND EFFECTS OF ACTION PLAN TO REDUCE AQUATIC WEEDS IN PHU NINH IRRIGATION SCHEME, CONTINUED

TOTAL ESTIMATED 12,096 . Please see Table 35, Page 67 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY FOR EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION, EROSION DUE TO SUB-PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION * Determine what are the effects ol extensificalion and inlensification of agricultural land use and commodity production on MONITORING tie ahility ot sin Iricir arid gioundwaler resources in Ihe Sub-Project to: 0JECTORIVE - meet ambient surl;ace and groundwater quality standards OBJECTIVE - meet irrigalion *walersland,ards - mseetdomestic arid rtrinkino w.atr'r ctands ______* Willb espect to i' 'r ',r,rt s lli.r:O candgroundwater quality: the following environmental indicalors will be measured. - pH. corductitvy tEC), toltasuspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD. Fe, Al, nitrate-nitrite (NO2-3), phosphale (PO4-P), dissolved oxv Irn, lotal peslicide and herbicide ENVIRONMENTAL . Wilh respecd to i'rrn ihon water standards. tiheollowing envirnnmental indicators will be measured in surface waters: INDICATORSOT10E - Na. Mg, Ca wn"rting calcrilalion ot sodium absorption ratio [SARI). tecal coliform (pH, TSS, Al. and dissolved oxygen INDICASUREDTO r7E will also be I t,!os assecs Stiti-Prolect effects on abilily of surface waters to meet irrigation water standards) MEASURED * The following ' ;iitoitmenlal indicators, collecled ahove, will be used to assess Sub-Projecl impacts on domeslic and drinking waler tpi,rlitv: - pH. conduclitily (tC).lnt s;usperided solids (TSS). BODS. COD, Fe, Al, nitrate-nitrite (NO2-3), phosphate (PE4-P). dissolved oyvvorll. tecal colilorrir * surface waier rlr1.11r1yIi i-p.'ri * i be conducted inthe following 12 locations (all stations shoLtld be spatially referenced at eslablishment In nathle mapptring and spalial analysis of water quality results):: - Phir Ninh R- -vnir as an iipsirnni7 spatial control: - Main canal syqlorn: two lteaitons in the North Main Canal (lop and bottom); two locations in the middle of the South SAMPLING Main Canal. LOCAMPLIONS,FIS - Pilot areas: ,,Intol of 4I ioc-itions in tire pilol areas (one at top and one at bottom of each pilot area): LOCATIONS, FIRST - Downstreaiii I rimagearea): two locations just oulside of the command area and one location in coastal wetlands as INVESTMENT PHASE downstreanm .nI.riconlrols * Groundwater qri.;,i.' samilirir will he ronducted in Ihe following 10 locations: - Pilot areas , lions (fi,*ribirtod tlhrorrghnrrt the pilot areas - Spatial Co,-' '. Ii locations ortrside tie command area lo serve as spatial contrnis (Ihree upstream and three rtowrrslrearl'm'' ri;r tort s)i . Srirace waler, .. .'niildri , will ho fonducted in the following 20 locations (all slations should he spatially referenced at eslablishrmenrNt ' '' -,: ilrrq and spatial analysis of water quality results): - Phii Niriti F1- i. .r.;i. i' i1irinrirr control; - Mairr canal 1li- two I *-nalionsrr tlre North Main Canal (lop and bottom): two lorations in themidrlie of the Soulh Main Cann SAMPLING - Command. '-n' a Intal ot 12 locationis intUe command area - maintain pilot area sampling localions established in first LOCATIONS, investmenl:, '. add twelve sauirliig locations in tire remaining 80% of the command area, i.e., halt the sampling SECOND density ot . Ii areas ,rr oiii liiles the total area to be sampled; - DownStren, i i qni:irr' 1):two locations just oulside of Ihe command area and one location in coastal wetlands INVESTMENT PHASE . Grouindwalerp 'I'- ,arirtlitin will Ie ririucled in Ite following 14 locations: - Commandi* -,i;:tolal itt localiori in tIre command area - maintain pilot area sampling locatiorrs established in first investment ., , artdiit .lrplino Ircalions in tIe remaining 80% of the command area, i.e.. V Ihe sampling density of the pilot at, air hums the total area to be sampled: - Spatial Coi . rn-It;r *ns ouclirle Itte command area to serve as spatial controls (three upstream and three downstren -i 'il* : eas) forf surface w ' : y - pre-consli' '1.in t',,rrear investment lihase, to establish pre-Sub-Project baseline): 3 times per year in each survey localion (r. ','s'.rson ai Itwo indry season) SAMPLING - construclir triies per year in each survey location (rairry season and two in dry season) SCHEDULE, FIRST - operalion t1eryye,r ii eachnurvey location (rainy season and two indry season) ANOSEcoNo -mfor qrooindwn' in'iv: - pre-consir .* oar iraivestrimonl phase, to cslablish pre-Sub-Project baseline): 1 time per year in each survey INVESTMENT lirCntirn(r PHASES construclt et I vriv' inina 't urvey location (dry season) - operatiorn t.'',' ',,':lrachrlvey localioln (dry seasoni) . wilh resPrr it dos andr!,orbicides, for botti surface and groundwater rltiality. monitoring to be done once per year. runp- ,. .r(A l 'rach of three phases for each investment phase * Ul) to dale I i irrtoin inro,itio n: ADDITIONAL DATA - cotisirticl rut, ' ol hlieStir-Prolecl, ANDDINFORATIONAA -iniriial or .in,i n anridcornrirrodily produrcion within the command area: AND INFORMATION - wealher (d tlli- r'eleorotltical Stations: TO BECOLLECTED -IPM aclivy' i )naiin Nair D0i .D groundw' '"alun Pfon I-lyd' onological Service

79 Table 39: Sub-Project Environmental Effects Monitoring Sub-Program. continued.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY FOR EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION, EROSION DUE TO SUB-PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIFICATION AND INTENSIFICATION, CONTINUED I an Environmenl-al Saleguiard Cotilractor will be engaged (CO selection recommended) to Implement this component of the RESPONSIBILITIES Envimnrnenlal Ellecis Mnniloring Program. Detailed Terms of Reference for the Contractor will be prepared by the Consultant Environmentll Specialist during Detailed Design Phase for the Phu Ninh Sub-Project. The Consultant FOR Environmental Specoalisl will oversee and guide Environmental Safeguard Contractor durng first two years of Sub-Project IMPLEMENTATION implementation nr until completion o1Detailed Design Document for Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmental Management Plan: Second Ilivestment phase (whichever comes firsi), o*r first three yr-IrS of Sub-Project implementation, Consultant Environmenial Specialists, with the assistance of the REPORTING Environmenlril '-ifeguard Cnnlraclor, will inchtide results inannual Phu Ninh Sub-Project Environmenlal Management Plan REQUIREMENTS Report. After Its reporling responsibilily will lie solely with Environmental Safeguard Contractor. The Environmental Saleguards C l will atsr b jredIcior to prepare a six-month progress repor in each year of the monitoring. i. it will he necc- v in ensur Itral thr.iicidesarid laerbicites that are monitored are representalive othe entire suite of pesticides and lo;ibicides th;il are used inthe Sub-Projecl COMMENTS . Ihe sampling utirwe (or srirnod inveslineml phasc will need to he reviewed during the detailed design (pre-construction) pthase of lire - r 1(drivr .Ient phase. * 15%of budg .1-ild Ii i',nl ol OA?i)C: MoNIfR: Circular on ONIOC for environmental moniloring should be followed. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST, TOTAL OF FIRST AND SECOND 94,368 -Please ,no Table 35, Page 67 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. INVESTMENT PHASES

80 ANNEX 1: TERMS Om' REF17RINCE FOR EIA

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. The Government of Vietnam (GOVN) has requested a Credit from the International Development Association (IDA) to help finance the proposed Vietnam Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP). In order to carry out VWRAP preparation. the GOVN through the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) has obtained a PHRD grant from the Japanese Government to procure the consultancy services. VWRAP is scheduleci for IDA appraisal in mid-2003. The Central Project Office (CPO) under MARD will lead the overall coordination for VWRAP preparation and manage the grant. It will enter a contract with the Consuiltant to Lindertake the services specified herein. 2. VWRAP has three components: (1) Integrated Development of the Thu Bon Basin; (2) Irrigation Modernization; and (3) Dam Safety Management, VWRAP is classified as a "Category A" environmental project, requiring an independent EIA report per IDA requirements. Preparation of the overall project is being done under another contract. The consultants responsible for overall VWRAP preparation are referred to as the Consullant. Thle consullant responsible for executing this TOR is referred to as the "EIA Consultant", which includes an EIA international expert and a local EIA team, to complete the scope of work inentioned herenlter at thle sectioni of scope of work for the EIA consultant. 3. Some attached referenc.e documents provide a comprehensive descriplion of the VWRAP physical investments (i.e. subprojects) andc should be considered an integral part of this TOR. The EIA Consultant and the Consultant are required to work together to integrate the EIA into the project's technical, economic, financial, social, and institutional analyses. The Consultant will carry the primary burden for collecting and analyzing envirotn nicntalinformation, holding consultations, and producing an environmentally sound project. The Consultant will provide the EIA Consultant with technical analyses, reports, and engage in technical discussions with the EIA team on engineering analysis, etc. The role of the EIA Consultant is to wnrk wilh the Consultant to help manage the EIA process, provide specialized environmental analysis.wliere recluired, and independently produce an EIA report. The specific scope of work is presented below. 4. Component 1 of VWRAP is less well-detined at this time and subprojects in the Thu Bon Basin will be identified/confirmed during the formnl-lion of the Thu Bon Integrated Basin Plan (TIBP). Possible subprojects in the Thu RBun Rasin include: flood protection works, modernization of water delivery and drainage systems, small sIlc ac facilities for local irrigation, mini-hydropower generation, rural water supply, upper watersheci m;ina crment, improvement of flood preparedness and warning, etc. Total estimated investment c- :l'f Ihi - c'stib-projncts is around US$20 million. 5. Under Components 2 m(til O. ."...VAP, tlhu subprojects are relatively well defined: i) Dau Tieng- mainly in Tay Ninh provi,irl, ii) Ku Gn-I-ln Tinh province, iii) Cam Son-Cain Son-Bac Giang province, iv) Da Ban in Khanh Ho:' previii '; andl v) Phut Ninhl in Otawng Ninh province. The schemes range in size from 10,000-50,000 ha w"1h rin i' nenit needs estimated to be on the order of $5-20 million for each scheme. Infrastructure in ',.Imciils includcoC: rernedial dam safety works and possible installation of micro- hydropower plants: can: l lininq anr/ irnprn-rd water distribution systems; rehabilitation of pumping stations; etc.

II. OVERALL SCOPE OF WOV'K F(rR TIl iE EIA CONSULTANT

1. The types of environmrnkirl ict th.lhnIs ronlrl occur are listed below. The EIA Consultant is expected to screen and rank ihe mn'.l fcec'nig r' rnilr ontal impacts. Water availahtsilv, ho 'n v. ilcr E nlances, and water use rights, water quality due to sedimentation, rni'l on I Ith irn of agricultural chemicals * Dam safety Downstream inlparlk f1 i reservoirs and irrigation schemes, Effects of wall r .'n lro':li"In, flonrr control and salinity control structures on: aquatic ecology, particularly fish n,:soun'cs. hy'l *ugy including groundwater recharge and water quality, plant and animal ecologv. * Invoiuntary res' ... )ro'l .ilri lji"ctj ffectert people, including impacts on indigenous people. Impacts of resnlllr' '!nI on the -vironment" eg. forest cutting or wetland encroachment, new agricultural pro lI, '(f livolilr'o -Iterns, land tenure * nImpacts on Cu' ' tv Impacts on nn' E i.ls ' ii ' i reserves Construction ii., I ' " ;nstruclion camps, disposal of dredged material, road safety, etc.

01 2. The EIA Cotnsultanit will help r,nT;nleu tho EIA process and prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Managemenl Plan (EMP) for VWRAP. The EIA will meet IDA requirements for Environmental 'Category A" projects (OP 4.01 "Environmental Assessment and associated annexes) and be in compliance with all Vietnamese laws and regulations. 3. The scope of work for Ihe EIA onnsullant is limited to ElAs for the investment subprojects only, meaning 5 subprojects in the com1ponenit 2 and priorily investment subprojects in Thu Bon river basin, and not the TIBP. (The TIBP can be considrred a regional environmental study by itself.) The EIA Consultanii wI,, prepare a separate EIA/EMP for each subproject, which will then be merged into one final EIA report. The Consultant shall be the main source of information. The EIA Consultant may also request the Consultant (or request MARD to direct the Consultant if necessary) to collect additional information or, if more expedient and wilhin the budget of thle EIA Consultant, collect the information itself. The EIA shall cover the issues below, and nthe¢r relevant matters, 4. Policy, legal andadmilli7;iliv w,)llwin ieview policy, legal, and administrative framework within which the EIA is carrier! nut at Il,'i national inid provincial levels. This includes, among other topics: environmental quality, vwner re-<,nrces, do'i safety, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas, protection of endangerr l speri,-c, siling, I nd use control, resettlement, protection of cultural property etc. 5. Define the Project and ils Aren of ilhienoro: Define the proposed subproject and its geographic, ecological, social, and l' nipoi,. i utrxl, ,.,Iiluding any off-site investments that may be required (i.e., access roads, construclioin can'is. pronit,o storage facilities, sediment disposal areas, etc.). Ascertain the need for plans for rn-.'lleni-tnl. prroj,'rl nlfecled people, or indigenous peoples. Develop maps showing the project site .,,i,i III' I,njecl' . ,una of influence. 6. Collect Baseline Data: AsssscI.r dI " /nions of Itie study area and describe relevant ptiysical, biological, and socio-errn'l1lC cf nuil' ird.luding any changes expected before the project commences. Also take it ,'. nco 0Ici" ',nl proposed development activities within the project area, but not directly connecl- I i') I *' Ii 'i !i" o:iiuld he relevant to rtecisions about project location, design, operation, or m :il'r .isu' . .o accuracy. reliability, and sources of data should also be assessed. 7. Assess Environmental o-p.arts lI r-'lir-l nor! assess the project's likely positive and negative impacts, including possible cumIl',livr I ": t,-*anitative I terms to the extent possible. Identify mitigation measures and residual l niacl ,II I he mitigated. Explore opportunrities for environrnental enhancements. Identify nd es Iin it and quality of available data, key data gaps, and uncertainties associated! with pi licliui-, !..l specific topics which require further attention. 8. Analyze Project Alternabl;ve: Sv lemalic ' compare feasible alternatives to the proposed project site, technology, design, anrl oporalin ini lto' 'lhe "without project" situation-in terms of their potential environmental and soci;il imprictS li- lity of mitigating these impacts, their capital and recurrent costs, suitability under I,";il rnnd linn:;, tieir institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. For each of the alternatives, y I.In' ' f I nmtal impacts to the extent possible, and attach economic values where feasible. RIltl .. , rcling the particular project design proposed. 9. Environm7ental Manage'nrott ( ;,hiliif :. This would include issues relating to assessment of the existence, role and call " , . 'n1l units on-site, or at the agency and ministry level, potential participation of project i Xl ;-ojr'ct implementation, local mass organisations, NGOs and/or academic instiltulions;, liI .!I ' I lpoptilation in maintaining the existing ecosystems. Based on these findings, recowi-rind 1" ' ' made concerning the establishment and/or expansion of such units, and the traii' nq of Hi . "il-- Ihat EIA recommendations can be implemented. 10. Public Consultation an(! i':el /n: TIm \ (.onsultant is expected, in conjunction with the Consultant, to plan, manage, and nor."., 'hi, - ,,il;on and disclosure process. The Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan will be;' provedrt 'y i .row should contain information on how stakeholders will be identified, key consults, "n poiIl2. ot ' ot (he consultation, level of consultation, consultation techniques and method - v. , I .' . 1The Consultant will be requested to prepare necessary material to facilitate the ii LII' ..in. VoI;li Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Update 26, May 1999 "Public C' I iniII IA iProcess") provides guidelines and techniques for effective consultation. The EIA Crci " I in r* I ',-lion with the Consultant, will also consult with affected groups throughout projr' 'niI' ' is necessary to address EtA-relaled issues. The disclosure of the EIA reports as requi i It, u 0( '' I .-n BP 17.50, should be approved by MARD in agreement with MoNRE, which is in -hanrm of El . I. nt. 11. The Consultant will org.' .',, I, inn ,"ithiI the EIA Consultant and with the assistance of the IMC and Provincial authoriti' , 1iI t twv."'I. -holder consultation meetings for each subproject. The Consultant will cover thefi' I ' the * ilions.t The first consultation should take place to discuss the conceptual approach tI 1, -- mnpi "etc nod the scope of work for the EIA, and the second consultation should rev '.,, II" " il isii)ility Study/EIA. The Consultant shall cover the costs of these consultations. Thi' ''r ' it ' vir the costs of these workshops. Relevant stakeholders should be invited to bolth ri kt.. - I IARD1A officials, provincial aulhorities, IMC officers, local

82 mass organizations. NGOs anci/or acadrmic inslitutions, farmer representatives, etc. per the Public Consultation and Disclosure Pi-n. 12. Environmental Management Plan: An F F' shall be prepared which consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures 1 he taken during construction and operation to eliminate environmental and social imrpacts, off--I I hern, or reduce thern to acceplable levels. The plan also includes the actions necessary to implr-mnrt these measures. Specifically: 13. Mitigation: Identify feasible and cost-el'-f-tive measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts to acceptahle 1 -ls_ The plan should include compensatory measures if mitigation measures are not feosible. c' -- effective, or sufficient. The proposed mitigation measures should include technical rdelamls anri an irmplementation plan for each mitigation measure and describe linkages with other mitigation plans (e.g., involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, cultural property. etc.) required for the project. 14. Monitoring: The monitori. lprornram sh- 0 I providle information about key environmental issues and the effectiveness of mitigationi nien ;ures ri'' -Xnroject construction and operation. The objectives and types of monitoring should be irlpntilf !d willi Xinkages to the impacts assessed in the EIA and the mitigation mpasures described in the F I lie monitoring program should provide a set of mumntu;Ig indicators, specify descriptions, technic 1Itonils, and reporting procedures. Monitoring reports should also be submitted to tIhe local enviro in1 !I nuthorities (DoSTEs). Independent environmental monitoring is not necessary in gene.,V. u nvironmental monitoring should be a part of the project monitoring to be carried out by a sUIl)- .nctor to the Consultant. Independent environmental monitoring could be undertaken if recluirerl by tIli lUtlhorities under certain circumstances. 15. Capacity Development and Tiining: ktP draws upon the EtA's assessment of the existence, role, and capability of environniental unites ale or at the agency and ministry level. If necessary, recommend the establish"'rnt or exp-r of such units, and the training of staff, to allow implementation of EIA,- im'nm nrl-l 'ir EMP shiall provide a description of thie institutional arrangemenis-who i': I -o ,to I q,rout the mitigatory and monitoring measurres (e.g., operation, supervision, ei :orc i enl, I ing of implementation, financing, reporting and staff training). 16. Implementation Scher/ul- and Cosl C -: For all three aspects (mitigation, monitoring, and capacity development) the EMP Fhill priovi(d n Implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the proj- , showincg pl i l coordiniation with overall project implementation plans; and (c) capital and re( ur-enl cost es id sources of fund for implementing the EMP. These figures should be integrated into tIhe 1 lal Si ' cost tables.

Ill. SCOPE OF WORK Fr)R THE tf 'TIONAL EIA EXPERT

1. The international exprel-t ic es-' i ' ordinate with the local EIA consultant team (composing expert/specialist in th 'I 'e 1 Ino ',te General Scope of Work for the EIA Consultant. More particularly, the internalir 'ral e,.ert followieigt responsibilities: * To take the position of the F' 11aint team leader and will coordinate all activities of the EIA consultant teim: * To review all ' l aidnla inforr'i-i Ihnt were collected and processed by the local EIA consultant team and rea -'t': lyv 'ropoe 'ocal team further needed data and information collections; To guide the tacal [-IA rons' .m to co-prepare draft EIA reports; and With the close assisi lc I' il EIA consultant team, the international expert will complete and submit final FIr ' rC 'nve to be acceptable by both MARD and IDA, for all investment SUL,|1' ils'I.S

IV. SCOPE OF WOrK f " T- 1 l[I\ TEAM

1. The local team is resprnr"-iHle t -:s' (, r'rrrlidiate with the international EIA expert to complete the General Scope of We' 1,I r tIh LIA ilt; it. More particularly, the local team will have following responsibilities: * Based on daln n r inrtirmation' rovirtirrl hy the VWRAP Consultant and requirements for preparation o' 't-1/ iepo'' 11-'Iment subprojects, the local EIA consultant team will carry out further dal : ;mrl in( 'rm:n. ':tions, surveys, and investigations, if required. To be responsible fnr rtata ir -IS. r 'Iysos and processes. Both primary and processed data will be conveyed o'I it n tl, * With the guidam.'u ly tII. ir' ml expert, co-prepare and submit draft EIA reports for investment subponjecls "s 11-- Intorrnational EIA consultant to complete final EiA reports, which have to be crel hi 1.IARD and IDA, for all investment subprojects; and * To be liaison het -en I n1il EIA expert and local related agencies.

83 ANNEX 2: SUMNMAR,YlR OF1PI V IAC CONSULTATIONS IN SUPPORT OF

_ _._ 'IREPARATION

Consultation Date Participans.Objeclm-- Consultation Techniques How Results of DatePadtcipaints or Cnrisutlation arldarirt MethodologiesMethodolo''eE Used ConsultationUsed Were

inrolcSt.l,,n i EtIA Consul-? "nrnmlo provincial format meetings followed by

11 November Phu Ninh IMC, Quang depart-reni rnd IMC field visit to Phij Ninh. semi- identification of main 2002 Nam DARD, ar- :Jam I esv.. tin -v-rview and structured interviews with issues for analysis DoSTE piirpostv n farmers during field visit S-Opil'l nllf,ralion of

continued identification field visit to lower end of of main issues for 11 November Phu Ninh IMC srnin-u ' 4inlifirafiOn of 1J14 and N16 secondary analysis, particularly 2002 envirol itl Issues can d N with respect to canals upgrading of canal system Quang Nam FPD. Pliu obtained information on Ninh Nature Reser - 12 November l'-i'r'"s snienl of formal status and condition or Management Board,.. meetings and Phu Ninh Nature 2002 WWF MOSAIC Project r,1.- ictinterviews Reserve and importance staFf MOACPoetof biodiversity of Nature staff Reserve will be used in \^,. *r'ripicity of .development of 12 November P Nini nlcito formal meetings and develonto 2002 Phiu NniICI iI Iduct interviews institutional c.u11 .r inrqnsg Inlerorwn arrangements for Phu ______Ninh Sub-Project EMP

84 ANNEx 3: PoLIci, LFE,GA,l,, A,ND ADm1 NISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FORMEA

THE LEGAL FRAMEWVORK FOR IF \VIRNENTAL MANAGEMENT IN VIET NAM81

Environmental Inipact Assessiiicit I ;'''' rtion

The key environmental legislation in Vietnam rn eI-cists of:

. Law on Protection of the Environment ( --' - enacterd in December 1993. The LEP: - Identifies the responsibilities of the si 'Ir, provinces, organizations and individuals to prevent and remedy environmental deterioratinn n olion and carry out specified environmental protection functions; - Provides for the (tevelopment of Cnvi '' -iiental standards and submission of environmental impact assessment reports on nr'w and -; -ilities: - Provides for responsible parties to pI, inpensation for environmental damage; - Establishes the right of individualc Dn' iqaInizations to petition for enforcement of environmental regulations; - Calls for civil and criminal penalti-e I l-tlions; and - Encourages international environillj I )peration.

. Decree 175/CP - promulgnted in Of: "l1 tlo guide implementation of the LEP and provides broad guidelines for: - Division of responsibility among ftt,,, - Environmental Impact Assessments: - Pollution prevention and disaster - Sources of finance; and - Environmental inspectior' ;id stl,

. Circular No. 490- promulrItled intAptlt 'I in provide 'Guidance on setting up and appraising environmental impact ass' mrenl I l- ,i invesIment projects'. Ttie Circular: - Identifies the legal requirem-lenits ;l i to Ihe stages of implementation of a project and its category. Projects are effectively rlivi,lorl i, ' II - ries; No. 1 type projects - all of which require EIA and include projects that have pouloti: I ' he environment, cause environmental degradation or may have difficulty complying with cn' ' idards: and No. 2 type projects - including projects which do not require EIA but reuillre in' with the environmental standards registration board'. - Defines the content of rro"'ct sti' ' e EIA procedures; and - Specifies managemenl r'! fII praisal

. All projects must follow It, ces: ! ed in the circular: - Application for investment license - I 1 type projects this includes the submission of document that sets out the potential imprIts of ;r' I (In)he appraised by relevant state agencies), and for No. 2 type projects requires tlII jhrnissi(- I, rr'rlistration form and technical and economic feasibility report. On approval an itnv 'imet I iscsued; - Design stage - No. 1 tyl ;'er t l submit the EIA report and technical and economic feasibility report; and - Completion stage - prior t' "irl - Htencies coordinated regarding the issuance of construction licenses, in' cti 1, lion of environmental standards, and approvals and certifications by the en, nri -1l egistration board. Once all of these processes have been completed the relevant 'n ," is issued.

The Circular estahlishes the tint' II: It ntppraisal; examination of the environmental standard registration and issuance of a c' ' rate ' ); ii 'lleledwithin 20 days of submission, and an EIA report must be reviewed within 30-60 days . '1tm ,i months for complex or controversial proposals), and the recornmendations and decisions ol Ih, re rtlified within 10 days.

V'ietnaiiiese EIA Regtui-eirc ,, ',r I" 'l ,I'h-Iroject

According to Vietnamese legis!- P/ ' ' rircular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT), the Phu Ninh Sub- Project requires an Environmet .p ' (EIA) as it consists of the upgrading of an existing 85 irrigat.on scheme. The project owner must snttin .nnd submnit an environmental impact assessment report to the Government Management Agencies of Envi:' nital Protection for appraisal.

Other Relevant Le-islatioii

ORDINANCE ON CONSERVATION AND MANAGEM"'T OF LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES

Decree 18/1986, the Ordinancr on Conservalirin and Management of Living Aquatic Resources prohibits all activities that are detrimental to aqtilir. resni s and cause pollution to the living environment of all aquatic species," including the use of destriirlive fishi' '1)Pthods (toxic and harmful substances, explosives, electric of toxir slnn [a'he marine environment, habitat destruction (mangroves, coral currents), the introduction 36 reefs, rnarine flora. etc.), and r'

LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR PROTEC,ir) Arzr-c

The legal framework for terrestri-nl r-ler-'r1d'"'i*c in V/iet Nani dates to the 1980s, but the system of protected 38 areas in Viet Nam is currently *,n ' y " Fnrr-ury Resource Protection and Development Act . This legal instrument authorizes the a I -tir-iories of forestland: protection forest (critical watersheds and wetlands); special use fora', d t: and production forests.

The framework for the designa' id mann -1 ot special use forests is set out in Chapter 4, Part 2 of this Law. Implementation of the Acl ia *l nP ilhroi l Of supplementary ordinances and decrees, such as Decision 1171, 1986, on Speci. . iuest .,in; euiit for Protected Areas, which defines permissible and prohibited activities in protectedI nreas. A nrit r of decrees to strengthen forest protection (national and provincial) have also been iss-r". Theypv specify the management principles of each forest category identified in the 1991 Forestry l,usouI' I 101 An and Development Act; the separation of forest protection from production; and the nature of conlrarltnl atr- ments with farmers and punishment of illegal use of protected forests.

Vietnlaniess Einviionilnenl;l:' ' 1: :,, ic- ' nilisti-ationl

The keys agencies and entitica It 'nvirnu - pnnsibilities in Viet Nam include:

. Ministry of Science, Teth .In- y anl F' 'anl (MoNRE) - MoNRE is the lead agency for environmental review purposes. . National Environmental /f "r-'i- P' r InNRE, the NEA has the responsibility to apply the LEP. . Provincial Department ol f ,. , v nid Environment (DoSTE) - Each province has a DoSTE which is in charge of Env' 'a".. . nlit. They also have formal authority to review and comment on environmental aspect' I ".: aenl lirnilions and to resolve pollution-related disputes.

Recguircments f)r QonstulIt: ''1 -a '1'1

Save for certain provisions, th, ' a" r' ' ii ements for consultation in the national legal, policy, and regulatory framework for envirn 'r 'e ', t a -ment in Viet Nam (i.e., National Law on Environmental Protection (NLEP, 1993]: Decn f I /CI t99 1 ,inentation' of the NLEP: Circular 490/1998TFT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising E "it 11 I ' Aaessment Reports). Most of the provisions requiring consultation are related to the n .. iiaipact assessments:

. The Ministry of Science. ' r "'nmnnt (MoNRE) is responsible for appraising reports on the assessment of envira ii I tecal 'a jicts ancd economic entities for larger projects (identified in Appendix II of Decree 17 A.al. a Na I Environmental Agency (NEA) is assigned the responsibility

36 Article 8, Ordinance on Conservwlirnr''f laa;ii I supra. 37 Arti_les 9-13. ibid. 38 No. 58 LCTIHDNN8 86 3 for assisting MoNRE in perfe-rmin tIhes' - 'itonmental management responsibilities ", MoNRE/NEA is required to complete apprais-ls wi 'in ! ys of receiving the required EIA reports and associated documentation; . National government ministri-s ar- resr- ille for the implementation of stale management of environmental protectioni. Th- n' r , iyp participate as required in the appraisal of environmental impact assessments for larg' l l . Provincial (and city) People's ; es: rnsponsible for the implementation of state managele.t; af environmental protection. This inrlIlt. ;iising reports on assessment of environmental effects of projects and local economic enti-i" . I l ller projects. The provincial Departments of Science, Technology. and Environment (DoS1 I: X responsible to the provincial (and city) People's Committees for this task and provincial government rl m innts participate in appraisals as required.

In addition, mass associations (sucl.h Virm I 1 iion, Labour Union, etc.) are responsible for assuring the proper implementation and complia. ,ce . .,I, policy, and regulatory framework for environmental protection.

Disclosure during the EIA process, -d 'I . ircular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact /\ es I P -ris, consists of the EIA Appraisal Council to which the EIA documents are provided for review. I h: .-tng as a Consultant to MoNRE/NEA, consists of scientists, managers who have appropriate ski " ledge, as well as social organizations and representatives of local people.

Ke) National lPolicics alc ldl:-

GENERAL NATIONAL POLICIES

Policies on Decentralization of PtI" -jfienicnt The GoV has also been promoting decentralization through a series n IwF, I rec uilations. The major guiding principle has been to give greater power, auitonomy and rc".: cil nd communes. The new Budget Law also attempts to bring greater transparency and sI:i lrIocal development. At provincial level there is also greater awareness of the need to it uinities in planning and implementation of development activities. The February 1998 Polilh C';rassroots Democracy (30-CT/TW) proposes that people at the community level should particip ei r -planniiing and decision making by (a) being better informed about the law, (b) participating in l 'I ri*ng before final decisions are made, and. (c) supervising, controlling, and evaluating the opL. os of their local authorities.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND PLANS

National Plan for Environment n I Se velopment (NPESD) In 1991, the State Committee for Sciences, with the assistance of DP I IUJCN prepared a National Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development 1991-2 - 'itinn (NPESD), which was then adopted by the Government. The NPESD. togethr iny rr ports submitted by Viet Nam to the United Nations Conference on Environment and D mnr in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, provided a broad, wide ranging framework for environmen,' i, iicluding marine environmental protection.

National Strategy for Environmir al ,r 2001 to 2010 This National Strategy replaced the NPESD which expired in 2000. Key stralc9jii. dhi ,w Nuliotl Strategy are:

. Pollution prevention . Conserve and sustainably u' c- indhiodiversity * Environmental improvrmen iIh i il, and rural areas . Enhance environmentAl aw; ne ,i oimuiental morality

National Biodiversity Action Ptai 19 , the National Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) was approved by the Prime-Minister. TI E .i, !jor causes for loss biodiversity as: over exploitation. leading to deforestation, extinction , ionnd flooding, overfishing: water and marine pollution; degradation of coastal areas due It il )nnrl transition to a market economy and the emphasis on development.

39 There may be changes in the respon-1i.H le .inn.nlnt management at the national and provincial levels with the recent formation of the new Ministrv *i,rl Environment. However, the basic allocation of responsibilities betweeni the central .-- n-s will not change. 87 The goals of the National Biodivers;lv t'oInn r ^nrlude:

. a definition of and approach l- "i' -qsorvalion and action which accommodates the multiple livelihood needs of the Vietni dlicuirly rural populations residing in areas of high biodiversity; . reviewing and establishing pli special-use forests, and protected areas (terrestrial and coastal/marine). using detaile( lu ips. iclentifying necessary investments in infrastructure, personnel, research, and commur . nland economic programs for buffer zones: llisting the necessary research, e' i extension activities in the environmental sector for central, provincial and local governnu"'w I lIisting conservation activities r' . protected areas, e.g. integratdcl watershed management, biologically sound agriculturm *' -ulariv in hill and mountain areas, restoration of degrpHo- lands, economic activities LsI geiniplnsm and marketing non-timber forest products. preservation of genetic mate! inic-l gardens, etc.

The BAP identifies many acts reqrui jtn of biodiversity. Those relating to the coastal and marine environmental management are as

* establish news laws and reg' . -;ily plrotection; . examine existing laws to idenlt. . I lpropose amendments to promote sUstainable development; . enact laws to protect sensiliv, ,st quatic areas; . identify and protect areas wi' bi' y awil establish buffer zones around them; . identify wetlands in neer nd . identify areas which slioi I 'wtWreserves; . establish a national network . :mtion on biodiversity; . strengthen the role of local o ;ini-making; . strengthen the participatio a ddt non-governmental organizations.

Decision No. 224/19991QD-TTg of l'iriie Minister on the approval of the Aquaculture Program for 1999-2010, wlhichi in I

. an overall objective of ac.hirvi- . .r output of 2 million t/yr by 2010 from current levels of about 350,000 Uyr * plans for aquaculture in ro, -n v .Alnents in water resource infrastructure to increase the efficiency of investment . -iter areas * policies of development . n. spncifically: increasing utilization of land and water areas for cultivating mniine r -LWfor poor farmers and fisherman; and preferential conditions for remote nrc;in

88 ANNEx 4: SOURCIFS (' 1N. \'IA'ION USED IN T'HE PREPARATION 11sliis EIA

1. QUANG NAM STATISTIC D[ "AR 1 . 2002, OLuang Nam Statistical Book 2001. 2. Que Son Statistic Division, April 200. - Son Statistic Book 2001.

3. Nui Thanh Statistic Di'i.innn Am il 2"' ii Thanh Statistic Book 2001. 4. Tam Ky Statistic Divisinn, Ap' ! 200?. Ily Statistic Book 2001.

5. Thang Binlh Statistic r i' - )rFil iatir Binh Statistic Book 2001. 6. Duy Xuyen Statistic Division -ril 2( Vry,n Statistic Book 2001. 7. Viet Nam Geology Survey I rtnm' i, Geology and Mineral resources of Hoi An sheet: a. Institute for Ecology arn I r , 1993. Orientation of Socio-Economic Development in Phu Ninh Reservoir Area, Tminnl Da Nang Province; 9. Quang Nam DARD, 20P 2. Rle)I ',I Assessment in Summer - Autumn Rice Season, 2002.

10. Quang Nam People C nil' . 2' wlr on Result of Agricultural production in 2002 and plan for Winter-Spring Season- ). 3. 11. Quang Nam Aquacull :n "91. T1chnology of Prawn Breeding. 12. Quang Nam Aquaculliu.: Imc- -i!'c 2002, Results of Quarng Nam Aquaculture Production 2002 and plan for aqunrill i 20 13. Quang Nani Consulta1I *' r r ' ancr agriculture Center, 2002, Detail Planning for Shrimp Breeding in Nui Thani 'viwnce 2001-2005. 14. Quang Nam Consull' -edI ngriculture Center. 2002, Detail Planning for Shrimp Breeding in Tam Ky 1 2001-2005.

15. Quang Nam DARD, 2 . icl Assessemnet in Communities. Quang Nam province.

16. Ministry of Agricultur' .-l r )n-ll. 2(001, Regulation for Phu Ninti Reservoir Operation, Quang Nam Province.

17. Quang Narn Deparlii Iq,(Jy anid Enivirorinient (DoSTE), 2002, Report on The existing Environment.i . .

18. Phu Ninhi Irrigation 1' " R-ports on Results of water management in Phu Ninh Irrigation system 199 o 19. Tam Ky Hydro- Metr ; II% iro-Meteorological data of TamKy Station in Quang Nam Province, data fi

20. UNEP, NORAD, CEE .2; ..;, .:vironment Vietnam 2001. 103 Pages

21. National Environment . . 'I Envi onment Pressing Issues. 40 Pages

22. CLAIR N. SAVVYER, rr I . GrNE F.PARKIN, 1994, Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. 658 par:

23. Consultant and Tech In ' ,v f Ha Noi Water Resources University, January 2003, Draft Report of Fn. I iigation Scheme Mordenisation - Report on Canal Modernization.

24. Consuitatnt and Tul , .' I il Noi Water Resources Urniversity, Janua;y 2003, Draft Report of Feas tniuidLion Scheme Mordenisation - Report on Dam Safety Remedial Works. 25. Consultant and Tecl' ny of Ha Noi Water Resources University, January 2003, Draft Report of Feasil S rigalon Scheme Mordenisation - Report on Water Balance

26. National Law on Etv; .. o L/CTN, 1994):

27. Decree 175/CP/199,1 * "' '^l FP: and

89 28. Circular 490/1998/TT-r' "I IJIp ancl Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports

29. Operational Policy 4 01 ' , ' ' nnnexes) - Environmental Assessment:

30, Operational Policy 4.0 - lot

31. Operational Policy 4.3 - r ry 32. Operational Policy 11.nlr - C 'I 'l r,

33. Operational Policy 4.1" - Invoe Irnent;

34. Operational Policy 4.2' Ul:i .; *.

35. Operational Policy 4.2 'of

36. Operational Policy 4.(' r'1j 37. Operational Policy 7.' in drlArpas; 30. Operational Policy 7 ' I I illo * kv,nys:

39. Bank Policy 17.50 - F', i Ao. General Policy 14.70 -"-lI Organizations in Bank-Supporlert Activities;

41. The Pollution Prevent Ib ook;

42. The Environmental A" I Sr.

43. TCVN 5592 National,"' ""-ndords

44. TCVN 5944 National ' -Ird s

45. TCVN 6980 (2001) S' ,, r' -fnts Discharged Into Rivers Used for Domestic Water Supply

46. Decree 18/1986, the C in ' ;'n and Management of Living Aquatic Resources

47. 1991 Forestry ResouLr 2 mninnt Act

48. Decision 1171. 1986.' i- jement for Protected Areas

49. 1972 Convention Con 1-' f the World Natural and Cultural Heritage (the World Heritage Convention

50. 1973 Convention oii I "'w' red Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES Convention)

51. 1992 United Nations Fr' .in Climate Change; and

52. 1992 Convention on i

53. 2002 IUCN Red List ' ' n main sourcebook for considering biodiversity resources within the: "'"a.

54. National Strategy for I ' fnr 2001 to 2010 55. National Biodiversity

56. Forest Protection De; .' !\i --ts Plan of Vietnam 1o 2010

57. National Aquaculture m (' '2010).

90 ANNEX 5: SUMrU1,vN (" , 'O OUALITY INFORMATION FOR PHU

______II IIH-PRO,JECT

Table 40: Surface water qua' "II '-Project Area. Data were obtained on 17 December 2002.

Parameter Units Sampling Station 2 ~ 2C 2D 2E 2F | 2G 2H Temperature °C21 - 2 21.3 21 21 19.7 19.,8 19,5 pH _ , 7.10 7.35 7.20 7.20 7.03 7.0 Conductivity plS/crn 232 380 230 241 269 250 Turbidity NTU 2_ 57 55 20 18 21 Ammonia (NH4) mq/ 0 5 0.62 0.21 0.71 0.08 0.07 N02 m/l 4 0.17 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.01 NOs = - 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.7 5.5 Phosphate P0 43- mg/l t 06 0.32 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.02 Alkalinity m _ 218 130 122 134 128 Sulphate 5042 . r. 3 10.9 7.9 7.5 9.70 9.5 Total Iron nmg/A I. 22 0.57 0.42 0.25 0.28 0.25 NaCI ni' n 43.3 25.0 20.3 21.1 20.7 Clm nig/l 24.5 14.3 11.1 11.2 11.4 HCO3 mg - J0 120 128 115 128 124 Hardness CaCOy- mg/l 57 170 160 170 180 180 Suspended Load rmg,l _ .0 _ 9n s0 20 1fi 10 Dissolved load mg/l -5 345 216 218 220 219 COD l, . 1 27.3 20.6 3.7 3.0 3.6 BODs mn/ig 19.8 12.7 2.4 2.9 2.3 DO mg - 0 5.30 5.80 5.0 4.7 5.2 Coliform col/100 ml = _ 1 2100 860 100 60 55 Fecal coliform Fc/100 ml . _ 900 330 42 19 17 Cl.fertrigens No/lOml _ml __ 19 12 3 1 1 .MNater samplinn 2A- PI 2B- St II, '00 m rlndwnstream ofirrigation intake 2C- Si :n 150 rIidwnstreamm of irrigation intake 2D- S .. I N1r 2E-S . II N12 2F-W ,, .,II rilN 12 2G- V. HIfI, 2H-V. 01J18

Table 41: S5 %.at( hliePlJi Ninh Reservoir, 1999 and 2000.

Parameter Unit - ___-1999 _____ Parameter2Unil 10 l 24 Oct 10 Mar 30 Mar 22 Sep 6 Jul pH _ I, 1 6.53 7.35 6.97 7.06 6.93 Dissolved oxygen mg/I _ " 5.88 6.43 6.7 6.94 6.32 Conduciv itSC S/cm 1 33.4 44 43.7 Salinity O/DO 0 0 0 Turbidity JTU _. I 5 6 8 COD mg/i 3 Und 15 10 Und BODs 1 Und 3 Und Und Pb . 7.' 9.72xl0 4 1.12x103 4.97x10 9.71x104 7.76x104 Nitrate (total N) rngfl 0.14 0.14 0.076 0.018 0.018 Cianua _ . ' _ Und Und Und Und Und Active surface .! Und Und Und Und Und

miatter I______Mecurcy _ I = Und 0.13 0.079 Colifom MDP/ 20 26 49 0

Suspended solid mg/I - - | 18.8 10.8 12.9 20 20.5

4° undetected 91 ANNEx 6: SumIm.i voOF 5 A A WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

92 ANNEX 7: SUMMAPV OF P.A -,ANI) ENDANGERE7D SPECIES IN QUANG

______PROVINCE

Table 42: Lit nf rare ancd -igered mammals in Quang Nam Province. Scientiic NamVictnmesr, nglishName IUCN 2002 Red List Vietnam Red Scientific Name | Vietnnmesn } s | English Name Status Book

Pygathrix nemaeus VOOC CHA V5. _ V V Elephas indicus VolV Elephant V E Capricomis sumatraensis N i. . nis V V Macaca speciosa .11iIMAT I -d face monkey VU V Cervus unicolor 'Al .r M.arctoides H i MAT I Red face monkey VU V Macaca mulatta AM Yellow monkey VU V M. fascicularis Long tail monkey VU V Lutra sumatraes Otter nt V Ceryle lugubris Kingfisher T Ceryle rudis Kingfislier T Wolf nt V

Table 43: f rarc idangered birds in Quang Nam Province.

Scientific Name \ nce r. English Name IUCN 2002 Red List Vietnam Red Sc.enh Natifi m eS Na me \KEn g ta lis tu s Bo o k Egretta garzetta Co - Little Egret EN

Table 44: Li' 1n dangered reptilos in Quang Nam Province.

Scientific Name e English Name Status Vietnam Red Geoemyda tchepononsis T V Gekko gekko T Acanthosaura lepidogaster v Physignathus cocincinus _T_ V Naja naja Cpperhead TT_ P2yon molutus V Varanus salvator V

109 Table 45: 1 - ' m firfl ondanqerecl plants in Qtuang Nam Province.

ScientificNanie se Enls UCN 2002 Vietnam Red Scientific Name se English Name Red List Book ______~~~~ ~~~Status Markliamia ___ T Cassia siamea RNR Pinaceae Lindl I ;U 7 Pine sp. R

Pellophowrun sp. __ '' Xl- I __ T Parashorea sp. '_' _ _ R Fagraea sp. 1 ' BO Rosewood

Note for IUCN Redih^' al 'ecies EX: Extinct EW: Extinct in Id CR: Critically cIa I EN: Endanger VU: Vulnerablr' LR/cd: Lower I '"on Dependent LR/nt: Lower I eneod DD: Data DOh

Note for Vietnrame..cro 1 (+) A group cn male Level V: Vtif. Level E: Enr!- d Level R: Ram Level T: Thr

11 0 ANNEX 8:Dl -I RDi-VTI ON OF 1Pu NINI- NATI URE RESERVE

Bird` IN TtNATI-J MonDrMArMUNM Phu inh Proposed Nature Reserve

Alteriiative' I.ilnC(L None Provitice(s) \7 Quang Nal, Status _? r Proposed" Manar3em ord established No :. Latitude 15D18- _ 15 \ Lonciitudci o 108°24' - 1 Bio-unit r 05b - South rn li 'n

Phlr Ninh ij II. 'II '-v ,1-O1cimlgovernmentl The 2010 list gives A fizile of 17,`000 hA ftai the lectecc concern, ... arent gV5e.. forcRl cover ofPillurNinl, c(i,RlegrRiCto 74l7%nt,lire nrrear

lilowe%rt. a Pro] , 3,000 ra pivtnre of the proposed nantre iererve (l'l 199$). (nrang reperve at lPhnia: '. e 01 list (l13'D NanmP'rovirncial FTD) (2i)(1') give a firge of 15N768 hi 1998) on dhe .Ilntion by Quag.i of foTe.r load. inclu

Ihut Nit-h ji p II district and Tan

KV town. Rout)I * .' OVir-Ce, closc to the haider with i e. Thctnplopomed Ihe lirprored nriaure reserve protecrd the watershed lrtie reServ'e . ivoir. 'TIC site of Plihi Nirni reervoii. increases iii ele, - mnin the irorti. to 1.362 fi i?l thc * = =.._

No infor-mnaltion.

Solrr:(rlfrinilr I- *i Pfolour:lr/(lArrr;ts ni Vmr(rrntir 1J1)(k?itorl20/02/01 Phu Ninh Proposed Nature Reserve

Q5wimg N ,,I i. ' (Co000) [FPT (j1e5sIioflfalflrC] 7 Iming Nain Provirncinl Fojeit l'rotectior} I ) i ''iet,,llillee.

Sn lrtObJ-l n/ I - -snI)n /I) n sodi1 rooc/nod A as in VrnIn l I /p)df Od 20/02/01

112