DOCSLIB.ORG

Mobilizing a Frontier: Dien Bien Phu and the Making of Vietnam, 1945-1955

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mobilizing a Frontier: Dien Bien Phu and the Making of Vietnam, 1945-1955 MOBILIZING A FRONTIER: DIEN BIEN PHU AND THE MAKING OF VIETNAM, 1945-1955 A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Christian Cunningham Lentz January 2011 © 2011 Christian Cunningham Lentz MOBILIZING A FRONTIER: DIEN BIEN PHU AND THE MAKING OF VIETNAM, 1945-1955 Christian Cunningham Lentz, Ph.D. Cornell University 2011 This dissertation offers a historical sociology of the making and unmaking of rule in a frontier borderland in Vietnam. By thinking through the social processes accompanying the spatial expansion and configuration of state power, I argue that military conquest was a necessary but insufficient step towards an emergent nation- state‘s lasting consolidation of territorial claims. Legitimating state claims to territory rested on mutually constitutive and spatialized processes of institutionalizing relations of rule; agrarian development and reciprocal exchange; constructing communities of nation and ethnicity; and social mobilization during, and for purposes of, warfare. Because the first Indochina war ended dramatically in Dien Bien Phu, the past of what is now a national frontier is remembered and forgotten in particular ways. In Vietnam, the site is celebrated as battle and setting for victory in 1954 of revolutionary ideals over foreign oppression. What is not remembered in such nationalist histories has equal significance for understanding the sometimes contradictory outcomes of state making. This dissertation analyzes human beings as complex, thinking persons with wayward agendas who did not always respond as intended. Grounded in archival research, the dissertation attends to the ways in which state claims to territory and legitimate rule are contested and how outcomes are contingent and non-linear. The narrative begins when colonial officers and map- makers encountered the Sipsongchauthai confederation in the late 19th century, recognized a ruling Thai elite, incorporated them into French Tonkin, and, in so doing, remade the Black River borderlands into an imperial frontier. After World War II, France organized the Thai Federation, created splits among local elites, and unintentionally generated support for the Democratic Republic of Vietnam‘s nationalist alternative. Although cadres legitimized national rule by delegitimizing a neocolonial rival, Vietnam‘s emergent ―Northwest‖ region reproduced Tonkin‘s borders and underlying political configuration while political elites reproduced the colonial category of ―ethnicity‖ to regulate uncertain boundaries between community and territory, land and class. The unsteady incorporation of Black River peoples into Vietnam illustrates an evolving—and ongoing—negotiation between highlands and lowlands, center and frontier, state and society, nation and ethnicity. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Christian Cunningham Lentz graduated summa cum laude in 1997 from Cornell University where he studied conservation and development in Southeast Asia. After participating in a community resource management project in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia he worked for the US Department of State as an Indonesian- language interpreter. He holds a Masters in Environmental Science from Yale University‘s School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, completed in 2001. He earned a Master of Science in Development Sociology at Cornell University in 2004 with a thesis on cultural adaptation to environmental disturbance in Sumba, Indonesia. While pursuing a PhD in Development Sociology at Cornell University and assisted by two Foreign Language and Area Studies awards, his interests expanded geographically and topically. In 2006-2007, he was a Fulbright Scholar in Vietnam where he undertook fieldwork in Dien Bien Phu and archival research in Hanoi for his dissertation project. His paper on social mobilization earned the Department of Development Sociology‘s Taietz Award in 2010 for outstanding work presented at a professional conference. He is currently a Visiting Scholar in the Department of Sociology at Duke University. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my dissertation committee—Shelley Feldman, Phil McMichael, Max Pfeffer, and Eric Tagliacozzo—for patient support, sharp insights, and steady guidance. As my PhD advisor, Shelley gave crucial support at key moments and helped me balance the demands of academia and family. My MS thesis advisor Paul Gellert as well as my fellow students in Development Sociology, including Jason Cons, Nosheen Ali, Alex and Dia Da Costa, and Karuna Morarji, kept me in step with my studies and sent me down new paths. The students, faculty, and staff of Cornell University‘s Southeast Asia Program were a deep reservoir of intellectual resources, collegial camaraderie, and lasting friendships. Thak Chaloemtiarana, Ben Anderson, and John Wolff were early teachers, and I am grateful for how they shaped my encounter with Southeast Asia. Keith Taylor introduced me to Vietnam‘s history as an undergraduate and remained an invaluable resource during my graduate studies. At Yale University, Kay Mansfield and participants in the Agrarian Studies Program as well as students and faculty of the Council on Southeast Asian Studies offered an intellectual home. James Scott and Michael Dove encouraged me to think broadly about agrarian change and in depth about highland Southeast Asia. Steve Rhee was and remains a dear friend and caring colleague. Dirk Bonker, Jason Cons, and Bradley Davis were key participants in shaping this dissertation and improving its content. Writing group members Adriane D. Lentz- Smith, Kathryn Mathers, Bruce Hall, Phil Stern, Jehangir Malagam, Kat Charron, and Emily Burrill all provided feedback and insightful comments on chapter drafts. Two dissertation workshops, one in Singapore by ChATSEA in 2006 and another in Atlanta by the Association for Asian Studies in 2008, both situated my work in larger iv debates and communities of scholars. Hue-Tam Ho Tai and participants at Harvard University‘s space in Vietnam workshop helped to clarify how my work meshed and engaged with Vietnam studies. Without the hard work, devoted interest, and sponsorship of Dr. Trần Đức Viên, the staff of CARES, and other colleagues at the Hanoi University of Agriculture, my research would never have been possible. Likewise, the staff of the National Archives of Vietnam Center 3 steered me through their impressive collections and offered insightful readings of their own. Philippe Le Failler and Andrew Hardy at the École Française d‘Extrême-Orient in Hanoi not only shared documents and experiences but also provided early encouragement and lasting collegiality. Support for this research came from a Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Award, Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships, Cornell University‘s Southeast Asia Program and Einaudi Center for International Studies, the Vietnamese Advanced Summer Institute, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and Duke University‘s Department of Sociology. I am grateful to all for believing in and helping to realize this project‘s potential. Finally, I reserve my deepest thanks for my loving wife and closest colleague, Adriane D. Lentz-Smith. She helped this budding sociologist to think like a historian and kept a steady hand on this dissertation ship‘s sometimes wavering rudder. On this journey, we welcomed Zora Holloway Lentz who in addition to giving us daily joy also managed to discipline my working hours. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Biographical Sketch iii Acknowledgments iv List of Tables vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: From borderlands to frontier 31 Chapter 3: Contesting a frontier 80 Chapter 4: Making the Northwest 147 Chapter 5: Militarization, Liberation, and the Politics of Calculation 240 Chapter 6: Mobilization in Places 329 Chapter 7: Conclusion 416 Bibliography 429 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Population estimate of Thái Federation in early 1950s 64 Table 1.2: Reported opium production in 4th Military Territory, 1933-1940 73 Table 4.1: Administrative divisions and estimated populations, 1952 186 Table 6.1: Food supplies mobilized at point of origin 352 Table 6.2: Supplies delivered to the front by point of origin 356 Table 6.3: Laborers and means of transportation by point of origin 357 vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Encountering past in present I visited Mr. L for the second time on an August morning in 2006 before the rainy season clouds gathered for the customary afternoon shower.1 His wooden house sat in the village of Noong Nhai 2, situated in Thanh Xương Commune south of town among the irrigated rice fields of Điện Biên District‘s verdant plain. When we arrived, the retired farmer and director of the Farmers‘ Association signaled for me to park my bike under his stilted house and beckoned us to mount the stairs and enter its living quarters. I introduced my wife and he, in turn, introduced his wife, his infant grandaughter, and his elderly parents. I explained that my wife and I were both interested in learning more about Điện Biên Phủ‘s local history. He sat us at a table while his wife fetched a bottle of ricewine, the contents of which he then poured repeatedly into our three cups—performing a gesture, he told us, signaling welcome and good cheer. On that day and others to come, he described events and pointed to processes significant to his home and its place in modern Vietnam. Mr. L responded patiently to my questions about the region‘s local history, its complex ethno-linguistic composition, and patterns of agrarian change. Like virtually all Thái people in and around Điện Biên Phủ, he identified himself and his neighbors as Black Thái. By contrast, the White Thái people lived to the north, clustered around the old regional capital of Lai Châu. ―White Thái and Black Thái are really the same, really only one,‖ he explained, ―but because of fighting became two.‖ Before ―liberation‖ from French colonial rule in 1954, he said, there were very few Kinh people in the area, only those who worked with the French. ―No one else 1 Conversation, bản Noong Nhai 2, xã Thanh Xương, huyện Điện Biên, 22 Aug 2006. 1 spoke the Kinh language,‖ referring to a language I had always called Vietnamese.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Assessment of Sea Water Quality in Some Limestone Island and Archipelagos Areas, Vietnam
    VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2020) 70-78 Original Article Assessment of Sea Water Quality in some Limestone Island and Archipelagos Areas, Vietnam Cao Thi Thu Trang, Do Cong Thung, Le Van Nam, Pham Thi Kha, Nguyen Van Bach, Dinh Hai Ngoc Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Viet Nam Academy of Science and Technology, 246 Da Nang Str., Hai Phong, Vietnam Received 31 January 2020 Revised 04 March 2020; Accepted 11 March 2020 Abstract: With nearly 3,000 large and small islands, the islands and archipelagos of Vietnam have outstanding features in terms biodiversity and geology. The islands are mainly formed from carbonate (limestone), intrusive igneous rock, sedimentary and volcanic rocks, in which limestone islands predominate, distributed mainly in the Gulf of Tonkin. This paper presents the results of researches and assessments on sea water quality of Vietnam's typical limestone islands and archipelagoes through the 2017-2018 surveys. The research results show that although the water quality around of limestone and archipelago area of Vietnam is safety for the development of aquatic life, an increase in pollutants concentration in water has been recorded when compared to previous research results. The research results supplement the data set of sea water quality in limestone areas that defining the characteristics of marine biodiversity. Keywords: limestone island, water quality, pollutants. 1. Introduction only 2% of the quantity and 0.83% of area. The South Central Coast and the South Coast have Vietnam has about 2773 coastal islands with the same number of islands (about 7%) but in an area of 1721km2 but they distribute very terms of area, the southern coastal islands are different in the coastal waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Recollections and Notes, Vol. 1 (1887–1945) Translated by Abe
    Vita Mathematica 18 Hugo Steinhaus Mathematician for All Seasons Recollections and Notes, Vol. 1 (1887–1945) Translated by Abe Shenitzer Edited by Robert G. Burns, Irena Szymaniec and Aleksander Weron Vita Mathematica Volume 18 Edited by Martin MattmullerR More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4834 Hugo Steinhaus Mathematician for All Seasons Recollections and Notes, Vol. 1 (1887–1945) Translated by Abe Shenitzer Edited by Robert G. Burns, Irena Szymaniec and Aleksander Weron Author Hugo Steinhaus (1887–1972) Translator Abe Shenitzer Brookline, MA, USA Editors Robert G. Burns York University Dept. Mathematics & Statistics Toronto, ON, Canada Irena Szymaniec Wrocław, Poland Aleksander Weron The Hugo Steinhaus Center Wrocław University of Technology Wrocław, Poland Vita Mathematica ISBN 978-3-319-21983-7 ISBN 978-3-319-21984-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-21984-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015954183 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural–Urban Transition of Hanoi (Vietnam): Using Landsat Imagery to Map Its Recent Peri-Urbanization
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article Rural–Urban Transition of Hanoi (Vietnam): Using Landsat Imagery to Map Its Recent Peri-Urbanization Giovanni Mauro Department of Humanities, University of Trieste, via Lazzaretto Vecchio 8, 34100 Trieste, Italy; [email protected]; Tel.: +(39)-040-5583631 Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 11 November 2020; Published: 12 November 2020 Abstract: The current trend towards global urbanization presents new environmental and social challenges. For this reason, it is increasingly important to monitor urban growth, mainly in those regions undergoing the fastest urbanization, such as Southeast Asia. Hanoi (Vietnam) is a rapidly growing medium-sized city: since new economic policies were introduced in 1986, this area has experienced a rapid demographic rise and radical socio-economic transformation. In this study, we aim to map not only the recent urban expansion of Hanoi, but also of its surroundings. For this reason, our study area consists of the districts within a 30km radius of the city center. To analyze the rural–urban dynamics, we identified three hypothetical rings from the center: the core (within a 10 km radius), the first ring (the area between 10 and 20 km) and, finally, the outer zone (over 20 km). To map land use/land cover (LULC) changes, we classified a miniseries of Landsat images, collected approximately every ten years (1989, 2000, 2010 and 2019). To better define the urban dynamics, we then applied the following spatial indexes: the rate of urban expansion, four landscape metrics (the number of patches, the edge length, the mean patch area and the largest patch index) and the landscape expansion index.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    NORTH POWER CORPORATION Electric Network Project Management Board ------------------------------- Public Disclosure Authorized ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (EMDP) Public Disclosure Authorized SUBPROJECT: DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY PROJECT PROVING MEDIUM, LOW GRID – LANG SON PROVINCE Public Disclosure Authorized REPRESENTATIVE INVESTOR REPRESENTATIVE CONSULTING Public Disclosure Authorized Hanoi, 1st June, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 4 2. Ethnic Minorities in the subproject areas........................................................................... 4 2.1. General information about the project areas ................................................................... 4 2.2. The characteristic of ethnic minority people in the subproject areas: ............................ 5 2.2.1. The Nung:................................................................................................................ 5 2.2.2 The Tay.................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3. Other ethnic minority groups: ................................................................................. 6 2.3. The project affected ethnic minority people ................................................................... 8 3. Policy framework ........................................................................................................... 11 4. Project impacts
    [Show full text]
  • Ongoing Water Environmental Awareness Program Being
    *This news letter is an English translation of LIXIL Corporation’s news letter issued on April 30, 2013 in Japan. April 30, 2013 LIXIL Corporation Ongoing Water Environmental Awareness Program Being Provided in Cooperation with Environmental Awareness Program International NPOs in Vietnam 2013 - Learned the Importance of Water with Local Children - Hoa Binh, Fue, Ho Chi Minh March 9 - 15, 2013 Since 2007, LIXIL Corporation (Headquarters: Chiyoda-ward in Tokyo, President: Yoshiaki Fujimori) and its local subsidiary LIXIL INAX VIETNAM Corporation (“LIXIL VIETNAM”) have been conducting the “Water Environmental Awareness Program” for children in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (“Vietnam”). At present, we are promoting the program in collaboration with two international NPOs, namely Bridge Asia Japan (“BAJ”) and Seed to Table (“STT”). Amid its recent economic growth, Vietnam has been facing a range of problems including a broadening gap between the wealthy and the poor, environmental pollution, sanitation problems, children’s rights, etc. Unfortunately, such problems are not fully dealt with in their current social systems. Meanwhile, LIXIL (former INAX) has established its current position in the market in tandem with the Vietnamese economic development. To contribute to the local community, LIXIL has been providing unique environmental classes featuring “water” by partnering with well-established international NPOs since 2007. LIXIL aims to offer what is really necessary for the children of Vietnam who will become future leaders of the country. We are not merely trying to give financial aid, but consistently proposing educational programs with consideration to the social conditions and circumstances in Vietnam. For example, we have created an original textbook “Let us think about and study water” and dispatched our employees as instructors.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Rule of Đại Việt Under the Lý Dynasty: Evolution of a Charter Polity After the Tang-Song Transition in East Asia
    Asian Review of World Histories 1:1 (January 2013), 45-84 © 2013 The Asian Association of World Historians doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12773/arwh.2013.1.1.045 Local Rule of Đại Việt under the Lý Dynasty: Evolution of a Charter Polity after the Tang-Song Transition in East Asia MOMOKI Shiro Osaka University Osaka, Japan [email protected] Abstract Empirical research into Đại Việt before the 14th century has made little pro- gress since the 1990s. To improve this situation, I here examine how the Lý dynasty (1009-1226), the first long-lasting dynasty of Đại Việt, established stable local ruleafter the “Tang-Song Transition” in China that changed the entire picture of East Asia (including both Southeast and Northeast Asia). This paper focuses on two issues. First are the local administrative units and their governors. The nature of both higher units like lộ (circuits), phủ and châu (provinces), and basic units like hương and giáp (districts?) will be examined. Second, I examine non-institutional channels of local rule by the imperial family. By combining such administrative and non-administrative means, the Lý central court enforced a considerably stable local rule for two centuries. Finally, I attempt some preliminary comparisons with the local rule of Goryeo (918-1392) in the Korean peninsula, a polity that shared many features with Đại Việt in the process of localization of the Tang and Song models. I hope this approach of viewing small empires from the standpoint not of their “goal” (modern states) but of their “start” (charter polities), will enrich the discussion of East Asian small empires.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Law
    The State of Law The State of Law Comparative Perspectives on the Rule of Law in Germany and Vietnam Ulrich von Alemann/Detlef Briesen/ Lai Quoc Khanh (eds.) Gefördert und gedruckt mit Unterstützung der Gerda Henkel Stiftung, der Anton- Betz-Stiftung der Rheinischen Post und der Gesellschaft von Freunden und Förderern der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf e.V. (GFFU). Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. © düsseldorf university press, Düsseldorf 2017 http://www.dupress.de Satz und Layout: Duc-Viet Publikationen Umschlaggestaltung: Marvin P. Klähn Lektorat, Redaktion: Detlef Briesen Druck: KN Digital Printforce GmbH, Ferdinand-Jühlke-Straße 7, 99095 Erfurt. Der Fließtext ist gesetzt in Garamond 3 FV ISBN: 978-3-95758-053-5 Table of Contents Ulrich von Alemann/Detlef Briesen/Lai Quoc Khanh Introduction ......................................................................................... 9 I. Traditions Nguyen Thi Hoi A Brief History of the Idea of the State of Law and Its Basic Indicators ............................................................................. 17 Pham Duc Anh Thoughts and Policies on Governing the People under the Ly-Tran and the Early Le
    [Show full text]
  • Agency at the Frontier and the Building of Territoriality in the Naranjo-Ceibo Corridor, Peten, Guatemala
    AGENCY AT THE FRONTIER AND THE BUILDING OF TERRITORIALITY IN THE NARANJO-CEIBO CORRIDOR, PETEN, GUATEMALA By LUIS ALFREDO ARRIOLA A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by Luis Alfredo Arriola To my beloved family, in appreciation of all they have endured. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The sheer magnitude of a dissertation necessarily engages multiple collaborations. In consequence I render proper credit to the people and institutions who partook of this endeavor. My everlasting gratitude goes, first and foremost, to the people of Naranjo and Ceibo who taught more than I could ever learn from them. Intellectual support was always there when needed from committee members, namely Professors Allan Burns, Marianne Schmink, Michael Heckenberger, and Murdo MacLeod. They challenged my intellect in many positive, creative ways. My dissertation mutual support group is recognized for invaluable contributions to my refining of the manuscript’s content and form at several stages of its development. The insightful feedback from Alex Rodlach, Maxine Downs, Deborah Rodman, Paige Lado, and Fatma Soud helped me through difficult times. My editors, Martha Jeanne Weismantel, Tara Boonstra and Mark Minho, have but my highest regards. Other people who accompanied me in this intellectual journey and who deserve mentioning include Norman Schwartz, Victor Hugo Ramos, Edgar Calderón, Roberto Barrios, Kevin Gould, Georg Grumberg, Julio Cano and Werner Ramírez. Diverse kinds of support came from Tom Ankersen, Hugo Guillen, Bruce Ferguson, Richard Phillips, Paul Losch, Marie-Claire Paiz, Abimael Reinoso, Jorge Soza, Amilcar Corzo, Mario Mancilla and Luis A.
    [Show full text]
  • Smart Border Management an Indian Perspective September 2016
    Content Smart border management p4 / Responding to border management challenges p7 / Challenges p18 / Way forward: Smart border management p22 / Case studies p30 Smart border management An Indian perspective September 2016 www.pwc.in Foreword India’s geostrategic location, its relatively sound economic position vis-à-vis its neighbours and its liberal democratic credentials have induced the government to undertake proper management of Indian borders, which is vital to national security. In Central and South Asia, smart border management has a critical role to play. When combined with liberal trade regimes and business-friendly environments, HIğFLHQWFXVWRPVDQGERUGHUFRQWUROVFDQVLJQLğFDQWO\LPSURYHSURVSHFWVIRUWUDGH and economic growth. India shares 15,106.7 km of its boundary with seven nations—Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. These land borders run through different terrains; managing a diverse land border is a complex task but YHU\VLJQLğFDQWIURPWKHYLHZRIQDWLRQDOVHFXULW\,QDGGLWLRQ,QGLDKDVDFRDVWDO boundary of 7,516.6 km, which includes 5,422.6 km of coastline in the mainland and 2,094 km of coastline bordering islands. The coastline touches 9 states and 2 union territories. The traditional approach to border management, i.e. focussing only on border security, has become inadequate. India needs to not only ensure seamlessness in the legitimate movement of people and goods across its borders but also undertake UHIRUPVWRFXUELOOHJDOĠRZ,QFUHDVHGELODWHUDODQGPXOWLODWHUDOFRRSHUDWLRQFRXSOHG with the adoption of
    [Show full text]
  • Da Nang, Viet Nam
    Policy Review for Low-Carbon Town Development Project in Da Nang, Viet Nam Final Report May, 2014 Report for the APEC Energy Working Group CONTENTS Contents ...................................................................................................................................................... ii Preface ........................................................................................................................................................ iii Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................. iv Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... v PART 1: BACKGOUND INFORMATION ......................................................................................................... 11 1. OVERVIEW OF DA NANG ................................................................................................................ 12 2. NGU HANH SON DISTRICT ............................................................................................................. 20 3. LOW CARBON STRATEGY FOR DA NANG ...................................................................................... 24 PART 2: REVIEW TEAM REPORT .................................................................................................................. 34 1. INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the Ground Plan As a Tool
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Ground Plan as a Tool for The Identification and Study of Houses in an Old Kingdom Special-Purpose Settlement at Heit el-Ghurab, Giza A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures by Mohsen E Kamel 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Ground Plan as a Tool for The Identification and Study of Houses in an Old Kingdom Special-Purpose Settlement at Heit el-Ghurab, Giza by Mohsen E Kamel Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Willemina Z. Wendrich, Chair The ground plan is an essential goal of the settlement archaeologist. For the archaeologist who would attempt to glean evidence of settlements of the Old Kingdom (c. 2543 - 2120 BCE), the ground plan is most often the ultimate goal, for although the seemingly eternal stone funerary monuments of Giza dominate the Old Kingdom landscape (both literally and figuratively), the Pyramid Age has not left standing the mudbrick walls of the houses within which people lived-- the preponderance of Old-Kingdom wall remnants comprising mere centimeters. Without an accurate ground plan, material culture and faunal and botanical evidence have no context. This study presents a detailed, concrete analysis and comparison of the ground plans of two structures that can be interpreted as houses from the Old Kingdom, 4th-dynasty (2543 – 2436 BCE) settlement site of Heit el-Ghurab at Giza. The houses whose ground plans are presented here are representative of a corpus of unpublished probable dwellings from this site, which excavation ii suggests was a “special-purpose” settlement that housed and provisioned the personnel engaged in the monumental constructions on the Giza plateau.
    [Show full text]
  • Indians As French Citizens in Colonial Indochina, 1858-1940 Natasha Pairaudeau
    Indians as French Citizens in Colonial Indochina, 1858-1940 by Natasha Pairaudeau A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of London School of Oriental and African Studies Department of History June 2009 ProQuest Number: 10672932 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672932 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract This study demonstrates how Indians with French citizenship were able through their stay in Indochina to have some say in shaping their position within the French colonial empire, and how in turn they made then' mark on Indochina itself. Known as ‘renouncers’, they gained their citizenship by renoimcing their personal laws in order to to be judged by the French civil code. Mainly residing in Cochinchina, they served primarily as functionaries in the French colonial administration, and spent the early decades of their stay battling to secure recognition of their electoral and civil rights in the colony. Their presence in Indochina in turn had an important influence on the ways in which the peoples of Indochina experienced and assessed French colonialism.
    [Show full text]