NORTH POWER CORPORATION Electric Network Project Management Board ------
Public Disclosure Authorized
ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (EMDP)
Public Disclosure Authorized SUBPROJECT: DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY PROJECT PROVING MEDIUM, LOW GRID – LANG SON PROVINCE
Public Disclosure Authorized REPRESENTATIVE INVESTOR REPRESENTATIVE CONSULTING
Public Disclosure Authorized
Hanoi, 1st June, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 4 2. Ethnic Minorities in the subproject areas...... 4 2.1. General information about the project areas ...... 4 2.2. The characteristic of ethnic minority people in the subproject areas: ...... 5 2.2.1. The Nung:...... 5 2.2.2 The Tay...... 6 2.2.3. Other ethnic minority groups: ...... 6 2.3. The project affected ethnic minority people ...... 8 3. Policy framework ...... 11 4. Project impacts on EMs and the mitigating measures ...... 13 4.1. The project impacts ...... 13 4.1.1. Temporary impacts on farm land ...... 13 4.1.2. Temporary impacts to crops ...... 14 4.1.3. Permanent acquired land ...... 16 4.2. The mitigation measures ...... 17 4.2.1. Public consultation ...... 17 4.2.2. Training and development supporting activities...... 19 5. Implementation ...... 19 5.1. Electricity of Vietnam ...... 19 5.2. Network PMU ...... 20 5.3. Provincial People’s Committee ...... 20 5.4. District/Commune People's Committee ...... 20 6. Implementation Plan ...... 20 7. Monitoring and evaluation ...... 20 8. Budget and costs ...... 20 ANNEX...... 22
2
Abbreviation
Consultant Investment Electrical and construction joint stock company Company
CPC Commune People’s Committee
DPC District People’s Committee
NPC North Power Corporation
EVN Electric of Viet Nam
EM(s) Ethnic minority
GOV Government
HH(s) Household
OP4.10 Operation Policy of the World Bank 4.10
PPC Provincial People’s Committee
EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan
ROW Row of Right
WB World Bank
MV Medium voltage
3 1. INTRODUCTION According to surveys, there is currently power shortage in Lang Son Province, especially in the communal areas, the number of households are connected to the power grid has not reached 100%. Even in some places, there are always overload of electric, large electrical energy losses and low electric quality. From the shortcoming of the power grid in the communes as mentioned above, it is necessary to implement additional construction investment in substations and to improve medium, low voltage grid in Lang province. These create infrastructure for economic development and improving culture- economy-social life of local citizen. Recognizing the necessary of this work, Lang Son People’s Committee asked the World Bank (WB) for subproject financing. The subproject “Improving medium, low voltage grid-Lang Son Province” is one of subprojects which will be implemented in Phase I of the Distribution Efficiency Project (DEP) of Viet Nam Electricity. This DEP was funded by the WB. Subproject will be implemented in 13 communes of 10 districts in Lang Son Province. The activities of subproject include: (i) newly constructing 3.34 km for a medium voltage transmission line, (ii) new construction of two substations and (iii) rehabilitating and upgrading of additional 70,157 km of low voltage transmission line in 13 communes of 10 districts in Lang Son Province, including: Binh Xa commune-Dinh Lap District, Hung Vu commune and Bac Son-Bac Son district, Lang Nang commune-Van Quan district, Hoang Viet commune and Hoang Van Thu commune-Van Lang district, Dong Quang commune and Dong Buc commune- Loc Binh district, Tri Phuong commune-Trang Dinh district, Hoang Van Thu commune-Trang Dinh district, Hoang Van Thu commune-Binh Gia district, Hoa Cu commune-Cao Loc district, Dong Tien commune-Huu Lung district, Mai Sao commune-Chi Lang district. These activities as mentioned above may affect to ethnic minorities who are living in the subproject areas. This document is built according to the requirements of policy OP4.10 of the World Bank on ethnic minority and policies of Viet Nam Government on ethnic minority. Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) is developed and implemented in order to: (a) Protecting tradition and culture of the ethnic minority, (b) Mitigate the subproject impact over ethnic minority groups, and (c) the ethnic minority groups will get the socio-economic rights. This guideline ensures that the ethnic minorities are well informed, consulted and mobilized to participate in the subprojects. Their participation can either provide those benefits with more certainty, or protect them from any potential adverse impacts of subprojects in the subproject implementation process. 2. Ethnic Minorities in the subproject areas 2.1. General information about the project areas Lang Son is a border province in the Northeast of Viet Nam. Its west borders Cao Bang province, its east borders Quang Ninh province, its south borders Bac Giang province, its west borders Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan province, its Northeast borders the ethnic autonomous region of the Choang-Guangxi (China). There are 10 districts and 1 type 3-city with 212 communes and 14 towns. There are also 5 border districts, including: Trang Dinh, Van lang, Cao Loc, Loc Binh, Dinh Lap and 5 interior districts, including: Van Quan, Binh Gia, Bac Son, Chi Lang, Huu Lung. The Lang Son city is the political-social-economic center of this province.
4 The population of the province is 757.6 thousand people (in which, the city dweller accounts 22%). There are 9 main ethnic groups (the Nung: 43.8%, the Tay: 35.2%, the Kinh: 15.2%, the Dao: 3.5%, the rest are the Hoa, the Mong, and the San chay. 2.2. The characteristic of ethnic minority people in the subproject areas: 2.2.1. The Nung: The Nung have about 706,000 inhabitants living in the provinces of Lang Son, Cao Bang, Bac Thai, Ha Bac and Tuyen Quang. They have other names such as Xuong, Giang, Nung An, Nung Coi, Phan Sinh, Nung Chao, Nung lnh, Qui Rin, Nung Din and Khen Lai. Nung language is close to that of the Tay and belongs to the Tay-Thai Group. Nung has writings called Nom Nung (Nung demonic scripts) which has prevailed since the 17th century. The Nung mainly worship their ancestors. The altar is placed in a bay of the house and above it hungs the altar to deities, genies, saints, Confucian and Kwan Yin. The Nung live on rice and corn. They cultivate rice either in submerged fields along the ravines and in terraced fields on the hillsides. They grow cash crops and fruit trees such as tangerines and persimmons. Anise is the most valuable trees of the Nung which has brought them high profit every year. Handicrafts are a continuing activity, particularly weaving cloth to supply local needs, then come carpentry, blacksmithing, basketry and ceramicware-making. The Nung villages are often set up on the hillsides, in front of them are the submerged fields and behind are burnt- over land and gardens. The Nung houses are built on stilts made by wood structure and the roof are covered with tiles or thatch. The Nung wear indigo attire. Deeply in the Vietnamese people's memory, President Ho Chi Minh often wore indigo vest of Nung style to keep him warm in the cold days when he lived in Pac Bo cave in 1941 to be active in national revolution after he turned back from abroad. In certain regions, ancient stories retrace about indigo color and a faithful love of a woman who persistently waits for her husband back from the battle- field. The Nung consider indigo a symbol of loyalty. The Nung prefer fried dishes with pig fat. A unique and luxurious dish of the Nung is “khau nhuc”. Cross-drink became a long-standing custom of the Nung. The Nung preserve an abundant treasury of folk arts and culture including folksongs. Smooth melodies of sli in harmony with natural sound of the forests and mountains are deeply impressive to those who once came to Lang region. Then is a folksong combined by elements: verses, music, decoration and performance style. This folksong melody makes the Nung men have sensation of excitement when they are away from their home. “Lung tung” (going to the fields) ceremony is very well- known and attractive to people of all ages. It is always organized on the first month of the lunar year.
5
2.2.2 The Tay
With a population of about 1,200,000 inhabitants, the Tay is the largest group in the community of ethnic minorities in Vietnam. Tay language belongs to the Tay- Thai Group. The Tay have other names such as Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao and Pa Di. The Tay inhabits along the valleys and lower slopes of mountains in Cao Bang, Lang Son, Bac Thai, Quang Ninh provinces and in some regions of Bac Giang province. The Tay preserves a traditional and fairly developed agriculture with a cultivation of all kinds of plants including rice, maize, sweet potato, etc.and seasonable fruits and vegetables. The Tay villages are always set up at the foot of a mountain or along a stream and are named after a mountain, a field or a river. Each village contains about 15-20 households. A large village is divided into many small hamlets. The houses are built on stilts or level with the ground. The houses in frontier region are called defense houses which are often protected against interlopers by a stone wall along with a ditch. The interior is divided into two rooms, the front one reserve for men and the rear one serves as women's bedroom. The Tay clothes are generally dyed with indigo. Women wear a below knee-length dress split at the right side up to the armpit with five buttons and narrow sleeves. The Tay prefers sons to daughters. Prescriptions in relationship between members of the family are obviously dictated. The couples live in harmony. Divorce is rare. Matrilocate is no longer observed. Ancestor worship is the religious rite of the Tay. The ancestor altar is placed in a central and grand place of the house. Strange guests are not allowed to sit on the bed in front of the altar. Moreover, they ought to refrain from stepping on a fired firewood in the kitchener or on the latter’s side. Those who are back from a funeral ceremony abstain from watching cattle and poultry if they have not taken a bath. After giving birth, the women are not permitted to come near the ancestor altar. The Tay possess a rich traditional folklore with all kinds of poems, songs, dances, music and puppetry also. Proverbs and folksongs are numerous. Tay folksongs have the turn (a kind of duet between lovers), wedding songs and lullabies. The Tay are hospitable, open-familiar and talkative. They have respect for the same- aged people. Once they have fraternized with other persons-they consider the laters their next of kin. 2.2.3. Other ethnic minority groups: The Dao have many other names such as Dao quan trang (Dao with white trousers), Dao quan chet (Dao with tight trousers), Dao Tien (Dao with coins), Dao Thanh Y (Dao with blue dress), Lu Gang, Dao Do (Red Dao) and Man, Dong, Trai, Dai Ban, Tieu Ban. Dao population is over 470,000 inhabitants living together with other ethnic groups along the Sino
6 -Vietnamese and Vietnamese-Lao borders and in some midland provinces and provinces along the coastline of northern Vietnam. Dao language belongs to the Mong-Dao Group. The Dao worship their ancestors called Ban Ho. The Dao mainly live from rice cultivation ether on burnt-over land and in submerged fields. They also grow subsidiary crops. They still use rudimentary farm tools but apply many progressive techniques in cultivation. Sideline occupations are developed including weaving, carpentry, black smiting, paper-making and vegetable oil-pressure… Their meals are mainly cooked with bamboo shoots and vegetable, sometimes added with fish and meat. The Dao rear plenty of pigs and poultry, but mainly use for rituals and offerings. The houses are built either on stilts, level with the ground or half on stilts and half on beaten earth. Dao men wear their hair long tied in a chignon at the nape of the neck or on top of the head. Nowadays, all have their hair cut short. Dao male attire comprises trousers and short vest. Female attire is more diversified and is decorated with many traditional motifs. Dao women arrange their hair long. In the wedding, the bride often wears a hat. In the past, marriage included many complex rituals and two forms of matrilocate existed: temporary matrilocate and forever matrilocate. Funerals also reflect many ancient customs. In some regions, the dead persons from 12 years-old upward are cremated. The Dao believe in the existence of the souls and demons, so have to hold a number of complicated and expensive rituals every year. Relationships among members of the same lineage are always very close and the Dao can definite people of the same lineage by their middleman's and his or her position in that lineage. The Dao possess a long-standing culture and history. Though their material life is still hard, their folk intellectual lives are enriched, especially the legacy of traditional medicine. The Dao have long used Chinese writings (but pronounced in the Dao way) called Nom Dao (Dao demonic script). The San Chay is also called Cao Lan, San Chi, Man Cao Lan and Hon Ban, the San chay number more than 114,000 persons. They mainly concentrate in Tuyen Quang, Bac Can, Thai Nguyen, Bac Giang provinces and are found in scattered groups in Quang Ninh, Yen Bai, Lang Son and Phu Tho provinces. The San chay comprise two groups which speak different languages. The language of the Cao Lan is close to that of the Tay and the Nung and that of the San Chi to the Han dialect. The language of the San chay is classified in the Tay - Thai Group. Ancestral worship is the main practice but is influenced by Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. The San chay mainly cultivate wet rice but agriculture as a whole plays an important role, Dozens of families form a village and live in a close association. Formerly, houses were almost built on stilts but now those built level with the ground are very popular. The house is imagined as "the Buffalo Genie", its four pillars symbolizing the four legs, the laths representing the ribs and the roof understood as the backbone. One of the two corners of the penthouse is a bay for the altar to ancestors, regarded as the holiest section in each family. The San Chay inhabitants belong to various family lineages, each lineage having several branches and peculiar habits and customs, and worshipping a definite genie. The father is the head of the family, The family of the young man organizes the marriage but after
7 wedding, the wife lives again with her parents and only visits her husband's family now and then, She settles definitively at the husband's house only after child-bearing. The San chay possess many old tales, folksongs, proverbs and sayings Particularly, sinh ca (alternating love song chants) is the most attractive form of cultural activity. They also have many dances like the drum dance, bird dance, harpoon-fishing dance, shrimp- catching dance, and lamp dance. The most popular musical instruments are castanets, small copper bells, cymbals, wind instruments and drums... At ceremonies and festivals, there are many forms of entertainment such as top spinning, con throwing and standing on the head. 2.3. The project affected ethnic minority people The project affected areas include 13 communes of 10 districts in Lang Son province. The ethnic minority groups in the project affected areas include the Tay and the Nung. The total of ethnic minority households in the project areas is 6,433 households with 27, 914 people (in which: male: 13,604 people, female: 14,309 people).
Table 1: The preliminary research on the ethnic minority in the project areas
The Total number No. quan of people tity Name of of the ethni ethnic c minority mino C Name of Name of the groups rity o district/commune hamlet Distri m in the hous Fema Male ct m project ehol le un affected ds in e areas the proje ct areas
1 Dinh Lap
Hamlet 1; Hamlet 1 The Tay 6 15 12 Binh Xa 2
2 Bac Son
The 2 Mo Nhai 7 17 13 Hung Vu Nung
The 3 Bac Son 8 18 14 Bac Son Nung
3 Van Quan
8 The Total number No. quan of people tity Name of of the ethni ethnic c minority mino C Name of Name of the groups rity o district/commune hamlet Distri m in the hous Fema Male ct m project ehol le un affected ds in e areas the proje ct areas
The Hamlet 4; Hamlet 4 7 14 17 Luong Nang Nung 7; Hamlet 9.
4 Van Lang
Hamlet 1; Hamlet 5 The Tay 8 18 18 Hoang Viet 6
The 6 Hamlet 2 6 16 14 Hoang Van Thu Nung
5 Loc Binh
The 7 Hamlet 1 5 10 10 Dong Quan Nung
The Dong Buc, Khon 8 7 17 18 Dong Buc Nung Nguyen
6 Trang Dinh
9 Tri Phuong The Tay Ban Soc 6 15 16
7 Binh Gia
The 10 Hamlet 1 9 19 23 Hoang Van Thu Nung
8 Cao Loc
11 Hoa Cu The Tay Hamlet 1 7 15 13
9 Chi Lang
12 Mai Sao The Hamlet 3; Hamlet 5 8 11
9 The Total number No. quan of people tity Name of of the ethni ethnic c minority mino C Name of Name of the groups rity o district/commune hamlet Distri m in the hous Fema Male ct m project ehol le un affected ds in e areas the proje ct areas Nung 4
10 Huu Lung
The 13 Hamlet 3 9 18 17 Dong Tien Nung
Total: 90 193 203
The characteristic of ethnic minority households:
The average people number in a household 4.4 people
Male 48.74%
Female 51.26%
Age groups
1 - 17 years old 35.4%
18 - 60 years old 56.2%
over 60 years old 8.4%
Head of household
Male 85.7%
Female 14.3%
Occupation Agriculture
The average annual income 15.225.000 VND/HH/year
3.500.000 VND/HH/year
10 Facilities 97%
HHs with television 68%
HHs with motorbike 28%
HHs with bicycle 85%
HHs with fridge 3.2%
HHs with washing machine 0%
Other facilities 0.2%
Most of EMs lands in the project area are farmland, forest hilly land and fruit plantation land. A small portion of the remaining land is residential land and garden land. Rice cultivation and afforestation are two agricultural activities of Ems in the project area. EM farmers often hire tractors to plow rice fields and hire threshing machines to thresh rice. The EM farmers also use the bio-fertilizers available locally for their rice fields. The garden land is used by the EMs for multi purposes: planting of the long term trees, mixed up with short term crops and rising livestock, poultry. The crop land is used by the EM farmers for planting of peanut, corn, bean, sugarcane and pineapple. 3. Policy framework This plan is developed based on OD 4.10 on EM People of the World Bank and Policies for EM of Viet Nam government. According to OD 4.10 “The Bank’s overall objective for EMs, as well as for all residents of the member countries, is to ensure that the development process fosters full respect for their dignity, human rights, and cultural uniqueness. Particularly the object at the center of this directive is to ensure that EM people do not suffer adverse effects during the development process, particularly from Bank-financed projects, and that they receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits”, and “The Bank’s policy is that the strategy for addressing the issues pertaining to EM people must be based on the informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Thus, identifying local preferences through direct consultation, incorporation of indigenous knowledge into project approaches early use of experienced specialists are core activities for any project that affected indigenous people and their rights to natural and economic resources”. In Viet Nam regulations, the equality right of ethnic people was stipulated clearly in the Viet Nam Law. Article 5 in the Vietnam Constitution (1992 and 2001) stipulated as follows: The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is an united nation with many nationalities. The Stage implements an equality and united policy and supports spiritually all nationalities and prohibits race discrimination and separation. Each nationality has the right to use its own language and ways of living to preserve their characteristics and to improve its own good traditional and cultural customs. The Stage carries out a policy to develop thoroughly and gradually improve the quality of life of ethnic minorities in Vietnam physically and spiritually”. Since 1968, the GOV has promulgated resettlement policy for ethnic groups, reducing migration trends of the ethnic people. In recent years, government has been paid attention to activities for supporting the development of EM communities, particularly the programs/policies such as:
11 On 31 June, 1998, the Prime Minister signed Decision No. 135/1998/QD-TTg to approve the program on socio-economic development mountainous, deep-lying and remote communes with special difficulties (usually known as Program 135). The program is aim to promote the material and spiritual life of people living in disadvantaged areas. The program has helped areas as mentioned above escaping poverty and backwardness situation and these areas could catch up with the development of the country. The program has also contributed to ensure social safety order, security and defense The main objective of the program is to build infrastructure, housing, to develop agriculture, to plant forest and to train breeding activities in program areas. Resolution of the Viet Nam National Assembly dated 7 July, 1993 on provisions for ethnic council Directive of the Prime Minister No. 393/TTg dated 10 June, 1996 on planning for population, strengthening infrastructure and production arrangements in ethnic and mountainous areas. Resolution of the Party Central Committee No.22-NQ/TW dated 11 November, 2003 on policies of social and economic development in mountainous areas Resolution of Party Central Committee No.24-NQ/TW dated 12 March,2003 on works on ethnic minorities Decrees of the Government No.51/2003/ND-CP dated 15 May, 2003 regulating functions, duties, powers and organizational structure of the Ethnic Committee Decision of the Prime Minister No.143/2004/QD-TTg dated 20 July, 2004 regulation some policies on supporting production land, residential land, housing and clean water for poor EM households and EM households which have hard life. Decision of the Prime Minister No.32/2007/QD-TTg dated 5 March, 2007 on giving loans for extremely hard EM households to develop production Decision of the Prime Minister No.33/2007/QD-TTg dated 5 March, 2007 on immigration policy to support sedentary farming and resettlement for EMs from 2007-2010 In the agency system, organizations and agencies in charge of particular EMs include: The EM committee of the Government, the Ethnic Council of National Assembly. The EM committee is ministerial level agency under the Government performers, its functions of state management on ethnic minority affairs nationwide, and on public services within its authorities as prescribed by the law. The Ethnic Council is responsible for examine the bills, drafts of legal documents and other projects relating to ethnic issues. The council also monitors the implementation of laws and National Assembly resolutions, ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee in the field of ethnic. The ethnic council supervises all activities of the Government, ministries, and ministerial-level agencies in the implementation of socio-economic development programs and plans in mountainous areas, EM areas. The ethnic council also proposes the National Assembly on ethnic policies of the State, organization and operation issues of related agencies. The ethnic council proposes to the Government, the Prime Minister, Ministers, heads of ministerial- level agencies and other State agencies on ethnic issues.
12 4. Project impacts on EMs and the mitigating measures The project impacts are determined through the consultation process with people (including EMs) in the preparation of project documentation. In this subproject, the impacts (positive and negative) were identified as follow: - Improve and expand the electricity network coverage in the project area - Impact (temporarily and permanently) to land in the building process - Impact on crops - The risk of electrical accidents. The influence level in the HHs is not significantly affected and not localized in a certain area (spreading over 10 districts). At the community level, people and local government expressed their support for the project in the local area. 4.1. The project impacts 4.1.1. Temporary impacts on farm land
Most of EMs lands in the project area are farmland, forest hilly land and fruit plantation land. Other land is residential land and garden land. Area of land which is lost due to the project impact, is very small in comparison with the land area of affected EM people. The land will be occupied during implementation phase in two cases: when columns, materials be transported to foundation site, when foundation be digged to put up poles and when cord be stretched, deflections be gotten. According to estimates, the total numbers of affected EMs are 56 HHs with 227 people, as follows: Table 2: Temporary impacts on farm land
No. Name of Name of hamlet HHs People Area (m2) Distric Commu district/commune t ne
1 Dinh Lap
1 Binh Xa Hamlet 1; Hamlet 2 6 27 132
2 Bac Son
2 Hung Vu Mo Nhai 7 30 107
3 Bac Son Bac Son 8 32 200
3 Van Quan
Hamlet 4; Hamlet 7; 4 Luong Nang Hamlet 9. 7 31 150
4 Van Lang
5 Hoang Viet Hamlet 1; Hamlet 6 8 36 134
13 No. Name of Name of hamlet HHs People Area (m2) Distric Commu district/commune t ne
6 Hoang Van Thu Hamlet 2 6 30 99
5 Loc Binh
7 Dong Quan Hamlet 1 5 20 53
Dong Buc, Khon 8 Dong Buc Nguyen 7 35 89
6 Trang Dinh
9 Tri Phuong Ban Soc 6 31 80
7 Binh Gia
10 Hoang Van Thu Hamlet 1 9 42 159
8 Cao Loc
11 Hoa Cu Hamlet 1 7 28 135
9 Chi Lang
12 Mai Sao Hamlet 3; Hamlet 4 5 19 58
10 Huu Lung
13 Dong Tien Hamlet 3 9 35 124
4.1.2. Temporary impacts to crops
Due to the investment scale for each commune is not large, the work items can be implemented from 3-6 months. So the land could be occupied during a crop. For the part of line which will go through agricultural lands, the line can be arranged to stretch after finishing the annual harvest. This will help to mitigate significantly affect to crops of local people.
14 Table 3: Temporary impacts to crops
No. Crop
C o Name of Name of HHs People Distr m District/Commune hamlet Oth Tree ict m Rice er u (m2) (m2) (in ne det ail)
1 Dinh Lap
Hamlet 1; 1 Binh Xa Hamlet 2 6 27 29 132
2 Bac Son
2 Hung Vu Mo Nhai 7 30 48 107
3 Bac Son Bac Son 8 32 25 200
3 Van Quan
Hamlet 4; 4 Hamlet 7; Luong Nang Hamlet 9. 7 31 26 150
4 Van Lang
Hamlet 1; 5 Hoang Viet Hamlet 6 8 36 41 134
6 Hoang Van Thu Hamlet 2 6 30 24 99
5 Loc Binh
7 Dong Quan Hamlet 1 5 20 28 53
Dong Buc, 8 Dong Buc Khon Nguyen 7 35 25 89
6 Trang Dinh
9 Tri Phuong Ban Soc 6 31 30 80
7 Binh Gia
10 Hoang Van Thu Hamlet 1 9 42 38 159
15 No. Crop
C o Name of Name of HHs People Distr m District/Commune hamlet Oth Tree ict m Rice er u (m2) (m2) (in ne det ail)
8 Cao Loc
11 Hoa Cu Hamlet 1 7 28 22 135
9 Chi Lang
Hamlet 3; 12 Mai Sao Hamlet 4 5 19 24 58
10 Huu Lung
13 Dong Tien Hamlet 3 9 35 40 124
4.1.3. Permanent acquired land The affect of permanent accquired land is not great and this kind of land will evenly locate over the line. Table 4: Permanent acquired land of EMs
No. Area of The ratio of Name of permanent permanent Name of Hamlet Distri Com district/commune affected land acquired land ct mune (m2) (%)
1 Dinh Lap
1 Binh Xa Hamlet 1; Hamlet 2 23.4 0.32%
2 Bac Son
2 Hung Vu Mo Nhai 18.9 0.26%
3 Bac Son Bac Son 35.5 0.40%
3 Van Quan
16 No. Area of The ratio of Name of Name of Hamlet permanent permanent district/commune Distri Com affected land acquired land ct mune (m2) (%) Hamlet 4; Hamlet 4 Luong Nang 7; 26.5 0.38% Hamlet 9.
4 Van Lang
5 Hoang Viet Hamlet 1; Hamlet 6 24 0.27%
6 Hoang Van Thu Hamlet 2 17.4 0.24%
5 Loc Binh
7 Dong Quan Hamlet 1 9.4 0.17%
Dong Buc, Khon 8 Dong Buc 15.9 0.22% Nguyen
6 Trang Dinh
9 Tri Phuong Ban Soc 14.1 0.39%
7 Binh Gia
10 Hoang Van Thu Hamlet 1 28.2 0.31%
8 Cao Loc
11 Hoa Cu Hamlet 1 24 0.33%
9 Chi Lang
12 Mai Sao Hamlet 3; Hamlet 4 10.4 0.19%
10 Huu Lung
13 Dong Tien Hamlet 3 22 0.24%
4.2. The mitigation measures 4.2.1. Public consultation The affected EM people, the relevant agencies in the project areas will be disseminated information and advised to minimize the risks of conflict and minimize risks that caused by the project. From that, their needs will be found out in order to bring the socio- economic best suited benefits to EMs. The goals of the information dissemination campaign to affected EMs as follows:
17 - Report on project objectivities, project scale, the proposed activities to affected EM HHs. - Gather information about the needs and give priorities to affected EM HHs as well as gather information about their suggestions for policy and the works. - Obtain the cooperation and participation of affected HHs, affected people and local communities in order to build EMDP - Public consultation and information dissemination campaign has two stages: the EMDP preparation process and the EMDP implementation process. a. Phase 1: - Step 1: Communicating and discussing with local authorities on the power line, plans to mitigate impacts. This phase includes the following activities: Selecting the line; conducting a census and a statistic on effects on people, property; identifying mitigation measures for the project, compensation works, rehabilitation works and new construction works; consulting the affected EM people for EMDP. - Step 2: Conducting statistics and surveys the effects: Based on the line agreement, the survey team will identify the line location and coordinate with local agencies to make the lists of affected HHs to land, buildings and crops. According to socio-economic surveys, there is 10% HHs be affected. - Step 3: Meetings with local authorities and the affected HHs. The survey team asked local governments and affected HHs for comments on lines, the possibility of project disadvantages, the proposed compensation unit price for housing, buildings and land. During the survey, the survey staffs must meet and discuss directly the project affected HHs and EMs on the compensation plan, the possibility of the project advantages and mitigation measures. The feedback will be noticed and mentioned in the EMDP. The consultation unit has also prepared the socio-economic statistical investigation forms, questions about the compensation works of the affected HHs. The local authorities are also consulted about the benefits of land in case of using public land into land compensation process. NPC has held meetings with the authorities in all provinces, districts and communes where the project goes through. In the meetings, NPC asked the project affected EM HHs and the local government representatives to discuss and comment on project plans, mitigation plans, the EMDP policy drafts. Representatives of the Women Association, Farmer Association, Department of Science and Technology and Environment, the affected HHs and local authorities attended the meeting. EMDP draft was also sent to the competent authorities of the Provincial People’s Committee and WB representative in Viet Nam. b. Stage 2: - Step 1: Disseminating information to EMs. Disseminating information to ethnic minority on the project. - Step 2: Consulting public on the EMDP activities, training and rehabilitation programs. During the consultations, the affected ethnic minority households can contribute ideas for activities. The activities which are designed to fit the interests of ethnic minorities will be recorded. Besides, those affected people will be notified of time and place, the process of EMDP activities. Ethnic minority groups will be consulted on training programs and other programs: the training plans, time and training method that they may need. The
18 consultation with ethnic minorities will have the participation of indigenous people and content of the consultation meeting will be translated into ethnic languages. - Step 3 - Phase 2: Additional information for local government on the EMDP implementation process. NPC shall notify the commune authorities and the affected ethnic minority people on the process and procedures of construction as well as the EMDP process. Local government and DPC must ensure that all project affected ethnic minority HHs have received adequate information about the EMDP implementation process and project. 4.2.2. Training and development supporting activities In addition, to mitigate the negative impacts and to enhance positive impacts of the project, some communication activities will be implemented as follows: Table 5. Implementation programs
No. Program Responsible agency Action required/schedule
1 Training for NPC, Network PMU, local Network PMU –NPC is agriculture: government, PPC and responsible Association of agricultural + Training on new rice Extension + Name of project communes varieties, new plants
+ Training on livestock + Training plans ( within one or half day)
+ Training on use of + Time and location in each fertilizer commune
2 Training for electricity NPC, Power company in Network PMU –NPC is project provinces responsible
5. Implementation NPC is responsible for implementating the project, including: design survey, project development and EMDP implementation. The EMDP implementation requires a close coordination of relevant agencies and local governments. The agencies and organizations are responsible for preparing, implementating and monitoring the EMDP implementation are: - Electricity of Vietnam. - North Power Corporation - Network PMU. - People’s Committee of project provinces - People's Committees of project districts (communes) 5.1. Electricity of Vietnam As the investor works, EVN is responsible for the whole of the entire operating activities on investment policy, survey design, construction as well as supervising compensation and resettlement works. EVN is also responsible to prepare, implement project, and evaluate
19 EMDP through specialized agencies. It also approves the decision regarding to resettlement works done by Network PMU. NPC is assigned directly to manage the entire process of project implementation process. 5.2. Network PMU Network PMU is responsible to manage the project, including the EMDP preparation and implementation, submit EMDP to EVN and WB for approval. - Supervising the EMDP implementation process by hiring independent consultants to monitor EMDP implementation. - Reporting on the EMDP implementation process for the World Bank. To accomplish these tasks, in Network PMU, it is necessary to have a division or a group of people who have professional experience to monitor and implement EMDP work. 5.3. Provincial People’s Committee Directing the coordination between departments in implementing EMDP 5.4. District/Commune People's Committee - Coordinating with PMU to implement EMDP. - Helping local people to overcome difficulties in the construction process. Holding meetings with local people to disseminate information to help implement EMDP well. 6. Implementation Plan As soon as the project capital is approved, EMs will be fully informed once again about their rights. This information will be provided to every EM HHs by NPC minority (at the request of the Bank information disclosure policy). Project plan as follows:
No. Works Schedule
1 EMDP preparation Quarter1/2012
2 EMDP approval Quarter 1/2012
3 EMDP implementation Quarter 3/2012
4 Payment Quarter 4/2012
7. Monitoring and evaluation NPC will check and monitor the EMDP implementation. Also, an independent consulting agency will conduct independent monitoring activities. This monitoring can be done in conjunction with monitoring of the project Resettlement Plan. Scope of Work (SOW) and Terms of Reference (TOR) for this works will be prepared and submitted later by NPC. 8. Budget and costs The EMDP activities will positively affect all EM people in the project area. The budget is taken from the reciprocal capital of the EVN. The cost of EMDP implementation as follows:
Table 6: Estimated EMDP implementation costs
20 Unit Unit price Total No. Item Type (class) (VND/class (VND) )
1 Preparation One day training course 13 5,000,000 65,000,000 expenses, create will be organize in EMDP program communes (13 communes) cost
2 Training in One day training course 13 10,000,000 130,000,000 agriculture, the safe will be organized in use of electricity to communes (13 the local people communes), these training and local pupils courses are expected to be held at the local schools
3 Meetings and - Use electric safely 13 5,000,000 65,000,000 manuals, training - Training in agriculture... materials on agriculture and electrical safe
Total 260,000,000
Provision for 10% 26,000,000
Total 286,000,000
21
ANNEX Annex 1: Map of project area Annex 2: Social Assessment Annex 3: Minutes of the meeting on EMDP and EM screening table Annex 4: EMDP Policy Framework Annex 5: List of project districts and communes
22 Annex 1: Map of project area
23 Annex 2: Social Assessment 1. The breadth, depth, and type of analysis required for the social assessment are proportional to the nature and scale of the proposed project’s potential effects on the ethnic minorities. 2. The social assessment includes the following elements: (a) A review, on a scale appropriate to the project, of the legal and institutional framework applicable to ethnic minorities. (b) Gathering of baseline information on the demographic, social, cultural, and political characteristics of the affected ethnic minority communities, the land that they have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, and the natural resources on which they depend. (c) Taking the review and baseline information into account, the identification of key project stakeholders and the elaboration of a culturally appropriate process for consulting with the ethnic minorities at each stage of project preparation and implementation. (d) An assessment based on free, prior, and informed consultation, with the affected ethnic minority communities, of the potential adverse and positive effects of the project. Critical to the determination of potential adverse impacts is an analysis of the relative vulnerability of, and risk to, the affected ethnic minority communities given their distinct circumstances and close ties to land and natural resources, as well as their lack of access to opportunities relative to other social groups in the communities, regions, or national societies in which they live. (e) The identification and evaluation, based on free, prior, an informed consultation with the affected ethnic minority communities, of measures necessary to avoid adverse effects, or if such measures are not feasible, the identification of measures to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects, and to ensure that the ethnic minority groups receive culturally appropriate benefits under the project.
24 Annex 3: Minutes of the meeting on EMDP and EM screening table 3.1. Minutes of the meeting on EMDP (attached)
25 3.2. Ethnic Minorities Screening of Village Province: Lang Son
EM Groups in rate of village Person village Village in Total Total project area Person/ EM in with District/ with Remark the project EM perso HH the 90- commune with Ems 50-90% s area HHs ns EM Female average Commu 100% HHs Total Male Female EM groups % nity EM
Đình Lập District
Xóm 1; Bình Xá commune 350 1,505 Tày 350 1,505 745 760 50.50% 4.30 82% x xóm 2 Bắc Sơn District
Hưng Vũ commune Mỗ Nhai 89 392 Nùng 89 392 192 200 51.02% 4.40 78% x
Bắc Sơn commune Bắc Sơn 120 492 Nùng 120 492 242 250 50.81% 4.10 88% x
Văn Quan District
Xóm 4; Lương Năng xóm 7; 387 1,742 Nùng 387 1,742 865 877 50.34% 4.50 72% x commune xóm 9.
Văn Lãng District
Hoàng Việt Xóm 1; 210 903 Tày 210 903 444 459 50.83% 4.30 68% x commune xóm 6 EM Groups in rate of village Person village Village in Total Total project area Person/ EM in with District/ with Remark the project EM perso HH the 90- commune with Ems 50-90% s area HHs ns EM Female average Commu 100% HHs Total Male Female EM groups % nity EM
Hoàng Văn Thụ xóm 2 104 426 Nùng 104 426 206 220 51.64% 4.10 84% x commune Lộc Bình District
Đông Quan xóm 1 97 398 Nùng 97 398 188 210 52.76% 4.10 75% x commune Đồng Bục; Đồng Bục Khôn 254 1,168 Nùng 254 1,168 577 591 50.60% 4.60 79% x commune Nguyên
Tràng Định District Tri Phương Bản Sóc 113 475 Tày 113 475 233 242 50.95% 4.20 88% x commune
Bình Gia District
Hoàng Văn Thụ Xóm 1 78 320 Nùng 78 320 149 171 53.44% 4.10 80% x commune Cao Lộc District
27 EM Groups in rate of village Person village Village in Total Total project area Person/ EM in with District/ with Remark the project EM perso HH the 90- commune with Ems 50-90% s area HHs ns EM Female average Commu 100% HHs Total Male Female EM groups % nity EM
Hoa Cư commune Xóm 1 159 684 Tày 159 684 333 351 51.32% 4.30 78% x
Chi Lăng District
Xóm 3; Mai Sao commune 187 748 Nùng 187 748 378 370 49.47% 4.00 64% x xóm 4
Hữu Lũng District
Đồng Tiến Xóm 3 66 285 Nùng 66 285 127 158 55.44% 4.32 73% x commune
28 Annex 4: ETHNIC MINORITY PLANNING FRAMWORK
1. INTRDUCTION 1- EVN is preparing a Distribution Efficiency Project with World Bank financing. The objective of the project is to improve efficiency, availability and reliability of power supply and as well the efficiency of its utilization. This would be achieved through components (a) System Expansion and Reinforcement. This component will cover construction and reinforcement of 110kV, medium voltage (MV) and LV networks, including substations of the PCs. (b) Introduction of Smart Grid Technologies in Distribution. This component will focus on the automation of distribution network operations and introduction of advanced metering systems (AMS) at key substations and electricity consumers of PCs; and (c) Technical Assistance and Capacity Building. This component will include technical assistance and capacity building for the five PCs. In line with the World Bank’s Operational Policies on Indigenous People (OP 4.10), the Ethnic Minority Planning Framework (EMPF)1 is developed to guide the preparation an implementation of Ethnic Minority Development Plans (EMDPs) as the proposed project involves the preparation and implementation of annual investment programs or multiple subprojects. When the presence or collective attachment of ethnic minority people is confirmed in a give subproject, an EMDP will be developed and implemented in order to mitigate the project impact over this vulnerable groups. Are the components mentioned as a) an b) in this is the case please say so in this is the case. 2. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN VIETNAM 2- Vietnamese, known as Kinh, with about 85 percent of total population, dominate the political, economic, and social affairs of the socialist Republic of Viet Nam. There are officially another 53 ethnic groups in Viet Nam who constitute the category of ethnic minorities. Most of ethnic minorities population live in the uplands. Population of ethnic minority groups range from over a million to only a few hundred. The only ethnic minority groups who live mainly in the lowlands are Hoa (Chinese), Cham and Khmer. 3- Ethnic minorities in Viet Nam are diverse origin. A majority (39) as well as Kinh speak languages in the Austro – Asiatic language family. But others speak Austronesian and Sino –Tibetan languages. They differ greatly in ways of livelihood, social organization. Some have had relationship with Kinh society for a long time, while others have lived in relative isolation until recent decades. Some groups have lived in their present locations for many centuries, while others have migrated into their present location within the past hundred years. 4- In the past fifty years, many ethnic minorities communities have shifted residence because of war, governmental settlement programs, or a depleted resource base. As many as five million Kinh have been relocated from the lowlands into upland areas. The biophysical, social, and political context of the lives for most ethnic minorities has changed drastically in the past fifty years. 5- Equality right of ethnic people was stipulated clearly in the Vietnam Law. Article 5 in the Vietnam Constitution (1992) stipulated as follows: The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is an united nation having many nationalities. The State implements a policy of equality and unity and supports the cultures of all nationalities and prohibits discrimination and separation. Each nationality has the right to use its own language and characters to preserve their culture and to improve its own traditions and customs. The State carries out a policy to develop thoroughly and gradually improve the quality of life of ethnic minorities in Vietnam physically and culturally. 6- Since 1968, the Government has promulgated sedenterization policy for ethnic groups, reducing migration trends of the ethnic people. One of the most important policies on relation with ethnic groups is the Government Guidance No.525/TTG on 2/11/1993 regarding in detail on implementation guiding of development in high land areas and ethnic areas with the main following points: Develop infrastructure especially transportation road system and fresh water supplying; Gradual increase food security; Consolidate of education system; adjust education program based on the characteristics of provinces; create favor conditions and support the non-formal education programs and develop the internal economy. 7- Ethnic minorities in Vietnam have enjoyed better legal and political status than minority groups have in many other countries in the region, or around the world. They have received many benefits as a result of government policies. For example, they have received preferential treatment in college admission processes. Cooking oil, kerosene, and iodized salt have been provided to them at heavily subsidized rates. The government, along with foreign donor agencies, and many NGOs have supported development and special assistance programs/projects that target ethnic minorities. The GOV has invested and supported uplands and ethnic minorities development aim at “catching up” the standard of lowland areas development. 8- While many-probably most-ethnic minority households might have improved their living standards if compared with ten of fifteen years ago, there is still a need for catching up with the rest of the country. Indeed, they are in many ways falling further behind. There are many reasons for the pervasive poverty of ethnic minority groups in Vietnam. The EM peoples are struggling and confronting challenged when having to deal with severe stresses placed upon them from population growth, natural resources depletion, and cultural dislocation resulting from decades of externally imposed change.
3. POLLICY FRAMEWORK 9- The main objective of the ethnic minority policy framework is to ensure that the development process fosters full respect for their dignity, human rights, cultural uniqueness and that ethnic minorities do not suffer adverse impacts during the development process and they will receive culturally-compatible social and economic benefits. The Bank’s OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples indicates that the strategy for addressing the issues pertaining to indigenous people must be based on the free, prior and informed consultation with the indigenous people themselves. Thus, identifying local preferences through direct consultation, incorporation of indigenous knowledge into project approaches, and appropriate early use of experienced specialists are core activities for any project that affects indigenous peoples and their rights to natural and economic resources. 10- The State of Viet Nam has the policy of not discriminating against Ethnic Minority Peoples as showed by the presence of Ethnic People Council in the National Assembly and Ethnic People Committee in the Government. Article 94 in the Constitution, 1992 states that the Ethnic People Committee has the right to submit proposals, plans or related issues of indigenous peoples to the Assembly, monitor, control the implementation of national policies, development programs on various areas such as, education, health care, etc. Article 5 of the Constitution also indicates that ethnic minority people could us their own languages to reserves its cultural distinctions. In the Government of Viet Nam, Committee of Ethnic Minorities Affairs (CEMA), a ministry level governmental agency, is in charge of management functions for ethnic minorities and mountainous areas.
30 11- According to the Government of Viet Nam, ethnic minorities have the following characteristics: An intimate understanding and long stay in the territory, land or area of their ancestors closed attachment to the natural resources; Self-identification and recognized by neigh boring members by their distinctive culture A language different from the national language A long traditional social and institutional system A self-provided production system 12- This planning framework will applied to all of the sub-projects of Distribution Efficiency Project where applicable. 4. GUIDELINES FOR ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (EMPD) 13- The guidelines seek to ensure that ethnic minorities are informed, consulted and mobilized to participate in the sub-projects to be supported by DEP. Their participation can either provide them benefits with more certainty, or protect them from any potential adverse impacts of sub-projects to be financed by the Project. The main features/process of the EMDP will be a preliminary screening process, a social assessment to determine the degree and nature of impact of each work under the sub-project, and a plan will be developed if warranted. Detail requirements for screening and social impact assessment are described in the annexes. The Project will provide a series of training to all implementers and local agencies preparing and implementing EMDPs. Free, Prior and Informed consultations (FPIC) with and participation of the ethnic minority population, their leaders and local government officials will be an integral part during the EMDP’s preparation and implementation. The EMDP’s consist of the following sections: a) Preliminary screening b) Social impact assessment c) Mitigation measures d) Development assistance e) Project monitoring f) Budget 5. SCREENING 14- All communes which are candidates for sub-Projects will be visited (at the time of first consultation with communes) by a teams made up of Project Management Boards of Electricity of Viet Nam (EVN) or of the respective Power Company (PC), relevant local authorities and consultants. Prior to the visit, responsible agency with inform the commune leaders about the visit and the subproject related discussion as well. Based on the letter, the local authority will organize a meetings with the participation of representatives from farmers and women associations, village leaders, and key staff of commune. If there are ethnic minorities in the commune, their leaders should be invited to the meeting as well. During meetings, participants will be provided with opportunity to present their views with regards to the sub-project (s)/ 15- At this visit, the social scientists (social consultants) will undertake a screening for ethnic minority population with the help of ethnic minority leaders and local authorities. The screening will check for the following: a) Names of ethnic groups in the commune b) Total number of ethnic minority groups in the commune c) Percentage of ethnic minority out of commune population d) Number and percentage of ethnic minority household along the zone of influence of the proposed sub-project.
31 16- If the results show that there are ethnic minority communities in the zone of influence of the proposed sub-project, a Social Assessment (SA) will need to be undertaken by the Borrower for those project areas. 6. SOCIAL ASSESSMENT 17- The Social Assessment (SA) will be undertaken to evaluate the project’s potential positive and adverse effects on the ethnic minority groups, and to examine project alternatives where adverse effects may be significant. The breadth, depth, and type of analysis in the social assessment are proportional to the nature and scale of the project’s potential effects on the ethnic minorities, whether such effects are positive of adverse (see annex 2 for details). The social assessment is carried out by the social scientists (consultants) whose qualifications, experience, and TOR are cleared by the Bank. 18- The SA will include: baseline data, institutional analysis, it will determine the framework for consultation during the project cycle. Information will be gathered from several separate group meetings: ethnic minority leaders; ethnic minority men; and ethnic minority women, especially those who live in the zone of influence of the proposed work under sup-project. Discussions will focus on sub-project positive and negative impacts, community support; and recommendations for design and implementation of sub-project. The borrower will be responsible for analyzing the SA, and for leading the development of an action plan with the ethnic minority communities, project engineers and other staff. Various decisions on next steps will be described as follows If the SA indicates that the potential impact of the proposed sub-project will be significantly adverse and/or that the ethnic minority community rejects the project, the sub- project will not be implemented in that locality. It is recommended to examine the Project alternatives, no EMDP will need to be prepare. Impact not only in terms of land, because in this case the RP will include it. If the ethnic minority community supports the sub-project implementation an EMDP will be developed to address the potential positive or negative impact of the subproject. 7. ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (EMDP) 20. The action plan will consists of a number of activities and will include mitigation measures of potentially negative impacts, modification of sub-project design, and development assistance. Where there is land acquisition in ethnic minority communities, the Project will ensure that their rights will not be violated and that they be compensated for the compensation will follow the Resettlement Policy Framework of the project. An Ethnic Minorities Development Plan will include: (1) Legal Framework (2) Baseline data based on the SA and other pertinent sources (3) Land tenure information; (4) Local participation; (5) Technical identification of development or mitigation activities; (6) Institutional arrangement; (7) Implementation schedule; (8) Monitoring and evaluation; and (9) Cost and financing plan.
32 21. In case of a subproject which component which subproject in this case? Where all or only few affected households are Ems, there is a potential possibility to discuss and get Bank’s NOL before entering the official preparation of such document. All EMDPs are subjects to public consultation an must be disclosed per requirements of the World Bank’s policy. 8. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT 22. Consultants will also be responsible for training respective PCs, and a similar social organization to undertake the work of consultation, screening, social impact assessment, analyses and preparing EMDPs. 23. PCs of EVN and local authorities (People’s Committees for Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas, Resettlement Committees, Women Union and Land Departments etc. at different levels) are responsible for implementing EMDPs (arrange adequate staff and budget). 9. MONITORING 24. Implementation of the EMDPs will be regularly supervised and monitored by PCs of EVN and respective peoples’ Committees and Committees for Ethnic Minorities at provincial and district levels. The findings and recommendations will be recorded in quarterly reports and to be furnished EVN and World Bank office in Vietnam. 25. An independent agency or agencies will undertake external monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of resettlement action plans for Project will also be tasked with monitoring the activities for EMDP. The external monitoring agency will visit a sample of affected households in each relevant province on an annual basis, on unless as required. 26. If possible, the (internal/external) monitoring activities of EMDPs could be considered to be combined with similar action under RPs of the same subproject. 10. SCHEDULE 27. The EMDP should have an implementation schedule that is coordinated with the sub-project implementation. Logically, social impact assessments and group meetings should be undertaken before sub-project designs are prepared. Compensation for land acquisition should be satisfactorily completed at least one month prior to start of civil work. Monitoring should take place at the recommended and specified times by the EMDP during project cycle. 11. BUDGET 28. The EMDP, while provides development activities, will include information on detailed cost of mitigation measures and other rehabilitation entitlements for ethnic minority in the affected areas. Sources of funding for the various activities and financing plans will be clearly specified in the cost tables. 12. REPORTING/DOCUMENTATION 29. The EMDPs will be prepared and submitted by PCs to EVN and then World Bank at the same time that respective PCs submit the final annual work programs of all the provinces to the World Bank for approval, an integrated EMDP report for the provinces will also be furnished.
33 Annex 5: List of project districts and communes
1. Đình Lập District (01 : Bình Xá commune)
2. Bắc Sơn District (02 : Hưng Vũ & Bắc Sơn communes)
3. Văn Quan District (01 : Lương Lăng commune)
4. Văn Lãng District (02 : Hoàng Việt & Hoàng Văn Thụ communes)
5. Lộc Bình District (02 : Đông Quan & Đồng Bục communes)
6. Tràng Định District (01 : Tri Phương commune)
7. Bình Gia District (01 commune) : Hoàng Văn Thụ
8. Cao Lộc District (01 : Hòa Cư communes)
9. Hữu Lũng District (01 : Đồng Tiến commune)
10. Chi Lăng District (01 : Mai Sao commune)
34