DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessment of Sea Water Quality in Some Limestone Island and Archipelagos Areas, Vietnam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessment of Sea Water Quality in Some Limestone Island and Archipelagos Areas, Vietnam VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2020) 70-78 Original Article Assessment of Sea Water Quality in some Limestone Island and Archipelagos Areas, Vietnam Cao Thi Thu Trang, Do Cong Thung, Le Van Nam, Pham Thi Kha, Nguyen Van Bach, Dinh Hai Ngoc Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Viet Nam Academy of Science and Technology, 246 Da Nang Str., Hai Phong, Vietnam Received 31 January 2020 Revised 04 March 2020; Accepted 11 March 2020 Abstract: With nearly 3,000 large and small islands, the islands and archipelagos of Vietnam have outstanding features in terms biodiversity and geology. The islands are mainly formed from carbonate (limestone), intrusive igneous rock, sedimentary and volcanic rocks, in which limestone islands predominate, distributed mainly in the Gulf of Tonkin. This paper presents the results of researches and assessments on sea water quality of Vietnam's typical limestone islands and archipelagoes through the 2017-2018 surveys. The research results show that although the water quality around of limestone and archipelago area of Vietnam is safety for the development of aquatic life, an increase in pollutants concentration in water has been recorded when compared to previous research results. The research results supplement the data set of sea water quality in limestone areas that defining the characteristics of marine biodiversity. Keywords: limestone island, water quality, pollutants. 1. Introduction only 2% of the quantity and 0.83% of area. The South Central Coast and the South Coast have Vietnam has about 2773 coastal islands with the same number of islands (about 7%) but in an area of 1721km2 but they distribute very terms of area, the southern coastal islands are different in the coastal waters. The Northern quite similar to the North, accounting for 40.3% Coast is home to the most islands (2321 islands), of the total area of the islands, and the area of accounting for 83.7% of the total islands and islands in the South Central Coast account for 48.9% of the total area. The number of islands only 10% [1]. in the North Central Coast is at least, account for ________ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1094/vnuees.4556 70 C.T.T. Trang et al. / VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2020) 70-78 71 The islands are mainly formed from coded KC09-11/16/20, field surveys have been carbonate (limestone), intrusive igneous rock, carried out to assess the water quality sedimentary and volcanic rocks, in which characteristics of the limestone islands. This limestone islands is dominated, distributed paper presents the updated data on mainly in the Gulf of Tonkin. According to Le characteristics of seawater quality of limestone Duc An, (2009) [1], among 5 island regions with islands and archipelagos of Vietnam through 2 13 coastal island groups in Vietnam, there are surveys in 2017 and 2018. only 3 island groups are formed by limestone and other sediments: Bai Tu Long-Ha Long Bay (including Cat Ba) (belong to the island group 2, 2. Methods region I) and Long Chau Island (belong to the Marine investigation methods island group 3, region I), located at the Tonkin Gulf; and Kien Hai island group (Kien Giang) Survey times and locations (belong to the island group 12, region V). The The surface water samples were collected in islands located at central coast (region II and II) two main seasons: rainy season and dry season. and at the southeastern coast (region IV) are The dry season lasts from November to next formed by other sedimentary, volcanic rocks and April in the Northeast island region and from granite, etc. Offshore islands such as the Spratly December to next March in the Kien Luong area. archipelagos are atolls that formed from coral The rainy season lasts from May to October in reefs with time of millions of years. the Northeast island areas and from April to The limestone islands are often coastal November in the Kien Luong area. therefore, islands, therefore, the environment quality is two surveys were conducted, the first survey greatly influenced by inland sources such as took place from December 2017 to January 2018 domestic and tourism, industrial and mining, -representing for dry season, the second one took aquaculture and livestock, etc. These are the place from July to August 2018- representing for main sources of waste generated from the socio- rainy season. Key study areas include: Ha Long economic development activities of the Bay - Bai Tu Long Bay (the sites of Vu Ha, Cong Northeast islands (Ha Long Bay - Bai Tu Long Do, Dau Go, Hon Da Den, Hang Te, Cat Chuong Bay - Cat Ba - Long Chau). In the southern To, Dau Be, Bo Nau, Hang Trai, Bu Xam, Hon limestone islands (Kien Luong - Kien Giang), Tay Hoi and Con Buom), Cat Ba - Long Chau the main activities of tourism, aquaculture and area (Hang Sang, Van Boi, Gio Cung, Cat Dua, livestock are the main waste sources of the area. Long Chau islands) and Kien Luong area (Hon The water quality characteristics of Tre, Hon Re Nho and Hon Da Lua, Hang Tuyen) limestone islands are the basic that defining - Figure 1. A total of 29 seawater samples were species composition and biodiversity of collected during the December 2017 survey and ecosystems. Study of water quality of limestone 43 water samples were collected during the island and archipelago areas of Vietnam has August 2018 survey. been conducted through a number of studies by Do Cong Thung et al (2003, 2005, 2012) [2-4], Sampling and sample preservation Tran Duc Thanh et al (2007, 2010) [5,6], and The method of seawater sampling complied Cao Thi Thu Trang (2004) [7] etc., mainly with TCVN 5998-1995 (ISO 5667-9: 1992) - concentrated in Ha Long Bay and Bai Tu Long Water quality -Sampling - Guidance on seawater bay. Within the framework of the national sampling [8]. Preservation of seawater samples project "Study biodiversity of limestone islands complied with TCVN 6663-3:2016 (ISO 5667- and archipelagoes in Vietnamese waters; 3:2012)-Water quality-Sampling-Part 3: propose solutions and using patterns for Preservation and handling of water samples [9]. conservation and sustainable development”, The parameters of water temperature, pH, DO, 72 C.T.T. Trang et al. / VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2020) 70-78 salinity and turbidity were measured directly in suspended solids was determined by filtering situ by the portable meters. Other water quality through filter paper with pore size 1mm, then parameters (BOD5, COD, inorganic dissolved drying and weighing; The oil and grease in the nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus, total water was determined by colorimetric method suspended solids, oil and grease, heavy metals after extracted with n-hexane; Nutrients: phosphate 3- - (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As), and organochlorinated (P-PO4 ), nitrite (N-NO2 ), ammonium (NH3 + + pesticides) were collected, fixed and then stored NH4 ), total Nitrogen, total Phosphorus were at 4°C until analysis. For water samples used to determined by colorimetric method; Heavy analysis of inorganic nitrogen and phosphate, the metals in water (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg, As) were water was added chloroform (for dissolved determined by ICP-MS equipment (Model nutrients) and H2SO4 1:1 (1ml/1 liter) (for total ELAN DRC-e), the detection limit of method Nitrogen and total phosphorus) and stored at 4°C was 0.01 g/l for each element; Organochlorinated until analysis. pesticides including Lindane, Aldrine, Analytical Methods Dieldrine, Endrine, 4,4’- DDD, 4,4’-DDE, 4,4’- were determined by the gas chromatography Analysis of water quality parameters follows method with Electronic Capture Detector by the published Vietnamese Standards and the (GC/ECD-HP 6890). External calibration was US standard documents [10]. Biochemical used to calculate OCPs compounds concentration oxygen demand (BOD ) was determined by the 5 with standards Lindane, Aldrine, Endrine, difference of dissolved oxygen concentration Dieldrine, 4, 4- DDE, 4, 4- DDD and 4, 4- DDT. (DO) in sample between the first day and the The recovery of the method for individual fifth day (DO was determined by Winkler standard is about 70.6% - 97.8%. The detection method); Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was limit of the method is 0.15 ng/l for Lindane and determined by the Potassium Permanganate 4, 4- DDT and 0.10 ng/l for remaining compounds. (KMnO4) method in alkaline environment; Total Figure 1-a. Sampling points of Northeast island and archipelagos areas. C.T.T. Trang et al. / VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2020) 70-78 73 Figure 1-b. Sampling points of Kien Luong (Kien Giang) area. Data treatment Vietnam in 2017 – 2018 are presented in Table 1 To assess the seawater quality of limestone (December 2017) and Table 2 (August 2018). islands and archipelagos, the National Technical Hydrochemical and water quality characteristics Regulations on Marine water quality QCVN 10- MT: 2015/BTNMT for protection of aquaculture Hydrochemical factors in seawater around of and aquatic life [11] and the QCVN 8- limestone islands and archipelagos MT:2015/BTNMT for surface water quality - Temperature: seawater temperature of were used [12]. In addition, ASEAN criteria [13] limestone islands and archipelagos ranged from was used to assessed water quality parameters 20.4 to 32.5oC, in which the difference in water that are not regulated in National Technical temperature between rainy and dry seasons was Regulation. Besides, using the risk quotient quite clear in the Northern islands and (RQ) for assessment of water quality. The risk archipelagoes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World Bank Document
    NORTH POWER CORPORATION Electric Network Project Management Board ------------------------------- Public Disclosure Authorized ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (EMDP) Public Disclosure Authorized SUBPROJECT: DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY PROJECT PROVING MEDIUM, LOW GRID – LANG SON PROVINCE Public Disclosure Authorized REPRESENTATIVE INVESTOR REPRESENTATIVE CONSULTING Public Disclosure Authorized Hanoi, 1st June, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 4 2. Ethnic Minorities in the subproject areas........................................................................... 4 2.1. General information about the project areas ................................................................... 4 2.2. The characteristic of ethnic minority people in the subproject areas: ............................ 5 2.2.1. The Nung:................................................................................................................ 5 2.2.2 The Tay.................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3. Other ethnic minority groups: ................................................................................. 6 2.3. The project affected ethnic minority people ................................................................... 8 3. Policy framework ........................................................................................................... 11 4. Project impacts
    [Show full text]
  • Local Rule of Đại Việt Under the Lý Dynasty: Evolution of a Charter Polity After the Tang-Song Transition in East Asia
    Asian Review of World Histories 1:1 (January 2013), 45-84 © 2013 The Asian Association of World Historians doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12773/arwh.2013.1.1.045 Local Rule of Đại Việt under the Lý Dynasty: Evolution of a Charter Polity after the Tang-Song Transition in East Asia MOMOKI Shiro Osaka University Osaka, Japan [email protected] Abstract Empirical research into Đại Việt before the 14th century has made little pro- gress since the 1990s. To improve this situation, I here examine how the Lý dynasty (1009-1226), the first long-lasting dynasty of Đại Việt, established stable local ruleafter the “Tang-Song Transition” in China that changed the entire picture of East Asia (including both Southeast and Northeast Asia). This paper focuses on two issues. First are the local administrative units and their governors. The nature of both higher units like lộ (circuits), phủ and châu (provinces), and basic units like hương and giáp (districts?) will be examined. Second, I examine non-institutional channels of local rule by the imperial family. By combining such administrative and non-administrative means, the Lý central court enforced a considerably stable local rule for two centuries. Finally, I attempt some preliminary comparisons with the local rule of Goryeo (918-1392) in the Korean peninsula, a polity that shared many features with Đại Việt in the process of localization of the Tang and Song models. I hope this approach of viewing small empires from the standpoint not of their “goal” (modern states) but of their “start” (charter polities), will enrich the discussion of East Asian small empires.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Vietnam's Haiphong Water Supply Company
    Innovations in Municipal Service Delivery: The Case of Vietnam's Haiphong Water Supply Company by Joyce E. Coffee B.S. Biology; Environmental Studies; Asian Studies Tufts University, 1993 Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in City Planning at the MASSACUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 21 April 1999 © Joyce Coffee, 1999. All rights reserved perr bepartmedti 'of Uroan Studies and Planning 21 April 1999 Certified by: Paul Smoke Associate Professor of the Practice of Development Planning Department of Urban Studies and Planning Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Associate Professor Paul Smoke Chair, Master in City Planning Committee Department of Urban Studies and Planning ROTCHi MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUL 1 9 1999 LIBRARIES 7 INNOVATIONS IN MUNICIPAL SERVICE DELIVERY: THE CASE OF VIETNAM'S HAIPHONG WATER SUPPLY COMPANY by JOYCE ELENA COFFEE Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning on 21 April 1999 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in City Planning ABSTRACT This thesis describes a state owned municipal water supply service company, the Haiphong Water Supply Company (HPWSCo), that improved its service delivery and successfully transformed itself into a profit making utility with metered consumers willing to pay for improved service. The thesis examines how HPWSCo tackled the typical problems of a developing country's municipal water supply company and succeeded in the eyes of the consumers, the local and national governments, and the wider development community. The thesis describes how and under what conditions HPWSCo has changed itself from a poorly performing utility to a successful one.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Economic Development in the Northeastern Region in the International Integration Context Today
    CHIẾN LƯỢC VÀ CHÍNH SÁCH DÂN TỘC SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION IN THE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION CONTEXT TODAY Nguyen Duy Dung Vietnam Academy for Ethnic Minorities Email: [email protected] Received: 17/5/2021 Reviewed: 04/6/2021 Revised: 07/6/2021 Accepted: 11/6/2021 Released: 30/6/2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25073/0866-773X/543 he Northeast is considered a particularly important strategic region in terms of politics, economy Tand national security and defense, including the provinces (Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang, Bac Can, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh…). It is home to many ethnic minorities with rich and unique traditional cultural values. During the development process, especially in the renovation years, ethnic minorities in the Northeastern provinces have united, attached and jointly developed socio-economic, hunger eradication and poverty alleviation, create livelihoods, step by step create positive changes in all aspects of social life. Despite many advantages, the Northeastern provinces are still one of the poorest regions compared to other regions in the whole country. In the past years, our Party and State have promulgated many guidelines and policies prioritizing socio-economic development in ethnic minority area in general and the Northeastern region in particular. As a result, the socio-economic in the Northeastern mountainous region has achieved important results. However, in the development process, many problems have arisen in the socio-economic field, directly affecting the poverty reduction for ethnic minorities in the Northeastern region. Therefore, in the coming time, it is necessary to have appropriate and timely solutions to promote sustainable economic development in this region so that the Northeastern region can be fully integrated into the world economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Analysis of the Water Quality of Ha Long Bay, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam
    Situation Analysis of the Water Quality of Ha Long Bay, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam A social study from tourism businesses’ perspectives INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE Situation Analysis of the Water Quality of Ha Long Bay, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam A social study from tourism businesses’ perspectives March, 2015 1 The designation of geographical entities in this book and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) or the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. IUCN and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) do not take responsibility for errors or omissions in this document resulting from translation into languages other than English (or vice versa). Produced by Ha Long – Cat Ba Alliance) with the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland in collaboration with IUCN Viet Nam Copyright: © 2015 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Cultures of Southeast Asia: Language, Religion & Sociopolitical Issues
    Indigenous Cultures of Southeast Asia: Language, Religion & Sociopolitical Issues Eric Kendrick Georgia Perimeter College Indigenous vs. Minorities • Indigenous groups are minorities • Not all minorities are indigenous . e.g. Chinese in SE Asia Hmong, Hà Giang Province, Northeast Vietnam No Definitive Definition Exists • Historical ties to a particular territory • Cultural distinctiveness from other groups • Vulnerable to exploitation and marginalization by colonizers or dominant ethnic groups • The right to self-Identification Scope • 70+ countries • 300 - 350 million (6%) • 4,000 – 5,000 distinct peoples • Few dozen to several hundred thousand Some significantly exposed to colonizing or expansionary activities Others comparatively isolated from external or modern influence Post-Colonial Developments • Modern society has encroached on territory, diminishing languages & cultures • Many have become assimilated or urbanized Categories • Pastoralists – Herd animals for food, clothing, shelter, trade – Nomadic or Semi-nomadic – Common in Africa • Hunter-Gatherers – Game, fish, birds, insects, fruits – Medicine, stimulants, poison – Common in Amazon • Farmers – Small scale, nothing left for trade – Supplemented with hunting, fishing, gathering – Highlands of South America Commonly-known Examples • Native Americans (Canada – First Nations people) • Inuit (Eskimos) • Native Hawaiians • Maori (New Zealand) • Aborigines (Australia) Indigenous Peoples Southeast Asia Mainland SE Asia (Indochina) • Vietnam – 53 / 10 M (14%) • Cambodia – 24 / 197,000
    [Show full text]
  • Northeast Vietnam
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Northeast Vietnam Why Go? Ba Be National Park .......89 Northeast Vietnam’s top ticket is Halong Bay, and while Con Son & Den visiting the World Heritage site is an essential experience, Kiep Bac ..........................91 the region also showcases craggy limestone peaks, tropical Haiphong .........................91 forests, caves, waterfalls and historic sights. Halong Bay .....................94 To the south of Halong Bay is Cat Ba, a verdant island Halong City .....................98 renowned for its hiking, biking, sailing and world-class rock climbing. To the east, Bai Tu Long Bay continues nature’s Cat Ba Island ..................99 spectacular show all the way to the Chinese border, and Bai Tu Long Bay ............108 Quan Lan Island is emerging as a destination for pioneer- Mong Cai & the ing travellers. Chinese Border ............110 Looming above the coast, the karst connection continues Lang Son ........................111 into Cao Bang province, and the brooding mountains are Cao Bang .......................112 one of Vietnam’s most idiosyncratic landscapes. With Sapa Ban Gioc Waterfall & and northwest Vietnam fi rmly on the tourist map, head Nguom Ngao Cave ........ 115 northeast instead to explore remote backroads and the sub- lime lakes of Ba Be National Park. China-bound travellers can access two important border B e s t P l a c e s crossings at Mong Cai and Dong Dang. to Eat W h e n t o G o » Big Man Restaurant (p93 ) Halong City » BKK (p 93 ) °C/°F Te m p Rainfall inches/mm 40/104 » Bamboo Café (p 105 ) 32/800 » Vien Duong (p 106 ) 30/86 24/600 20/68 16/400 B e s t P l a c e s to Stay 10/50 8/200 0/32 0 » Monaco Hotel (p 92 ) J FDNOSAJJMAM » Nam Cat Island Resort (p 105 ) Feb–Apr The Jun & Jul Peak May– Sep The » Whisper of Nature (p 105 ) weather is often season for Viet- region is impacted cool and drizzly, namese tourists; by tropical » Suoi Goi Cat Ba Resort with fog making busy on Cat Ba storms, which (p 105 ) Halong Bay visi- Island, especially may disrupt bility low.
    [Show full text]
  • Destination Image of a Unesco World Heritage Site in Vietnam
    HA LONG BAY SEEN THROUGH THE REVIEWS OF TRIPADVISOR: DESTINATION IMAGE OF A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN VIETNAM A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Hospitality Management By Nhi Hoang Yen Nguyen 2019 SIGNATURE PAGE PROJECT: HA LONG BAY SEEN THROUGH THE REVIEWS OF TRIPADVISOR: DESTINATION IMAGE OF A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN VIETNAM AUTHOR: Nhi Hoang Yen Nguyen DATE SUBMITTED: Fall 2019 The Collins College of Hospitality Management Dr. Zhenxing (Eddie) Mao Project Committee Chair Hospitality Management Dr. Neha Singh Hospitality Management ii ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine destination image of Ha Long Bay, Vietnam on the Internet by studying content of selected reviews on TripAdvisor website. UNESCO listed Ha Long Bay twice as a World Heritage Site in 1994 and 2000, respectively. Also, it is one of the most famous destinations in Vietnam. Nevertheless, there are few studies on online tourism destination image of Ha Long Bay. Consequently, this study is conducted. Reviews on TripAdvisor website are selected and their content is analyzed in order to explore Ha Long Bay’s destination image through traveler-generated content. This research may contribute the understanding of Ha Long Bay’s destination image perceived by international tourists to Vietnamese governmental tourism administrative departments as well as tourism providers. It may help them to expand the area’s advantages as well as improve the weaknesses of tourism services at Ha Long Bay. Keywords: destination image, Ha Long Bay, traveler-generated content, TripAdvisor.
    [Show full text]
  • The Trouble with Mechanized Farming
    EASTM 21 (2003): 12-47 Thục Phán, Cao Tông, and the Transfer of Military Technology in Third Century BC Việt Nam1 Marilynn Larew [Marilynn Larew received her Ph.D. from the University of Maryland College Park and she taught in the University of Maryland system for thirty years. She is the author of two monographs on historical preservation. Now in retirement from teaching she enjoys maintaining a scholarly relationship with the Institute of Archaeology in Ha Noi and travels to Vietnam regularly.] * * * One of the most intriguing problems in early Vietnamese history is the ruins of a citadel at Cổ Loa across the Red River and some 20 km from Hà Nội. This is a puzzle that comes in two parts: the physical remains and the story attached to them in early Chinese records. The story is of a man who conquered the Vietnamese Hùng King and the kingdom of Văn Lang, founded his own kingdom, built a citadel, acquired a magic crossbow with which to defend it, and lost them all—crossbow, citadel, and kingdom—because of overconfidence and treachery.2 As for the physical remains, the citadel has the first rammed earth defensive walls in Việt Nam, and an examination of its archaeology can give clues to the probable source of this new technology. Commonly attributed to Thục Phán, King An Dương of Âu Lạc (traditional dates: 257-208 BC), the remains of the citadel are situated about 8 km from where the Hoàng River flows into the Red River, near the district town of Ðông Anh (see Map 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Dong Dang (Dong Dang)
    Initial Environmental Examination July 2011 VIE: Comprehensive Socioeconomic Urban Development Project – Viet Tri, Hung Yen, and Dong Dang (Dong Dang) Prepared by Provincial People’s Committee of Lang Son for the Asian Development Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 01 June 2010) Currency Unit – dong (D) D1.00 = $0.000049 $1.00 = D20,298 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD – biological oxygen demand CBMC – community-based monitoring committee COD – chemical oxygen demand CPC – city people’s committee DoNRE – Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOT – Department of Transportation EIA – environmental impact assessment EMD – Environmental Management Division EMP – environmental management plan EPC – environmental protection commitment GoV – Government of Viet Nam GMS – Greater Mekong Subregion IEE – initial environmental examination LEP – Law on Environmental Protection km – Kilometer km2 – square kilometer m – Meter MOLISA – Ministry of Labour, Invalids, and Social Affairs MoNRE – Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NSEC – North-South Economic Corridor PMU – project management unit PPC – provincial people’s committee PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance ROW – right-of-way SEDP – socioeconomic development plan TA – technical assistance TSS – total suspended solids WU – Women’s Union NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Ha Giang Province)
    Initial Environmental Examination April 2011 VIE: Transport Connections in Northern Mountainous Provinces Project (Ha Giang Province) Prepared by the People’s Committee of Ha Giang Province for the Asian Development Bank ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD – biological oxygen demand DARD – Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DCI – Department of Culture and Information DDC – detailed design consultants DMP – Drainage Management Plan DO – dissolved oxygen DONRE – Department of Natural Resources and Environment EA – executing agency ECP – erosion control plan EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan ESO – environment and safety officer FPD – Provincial Forest Protection Department GRC – grievance redress committee GOV – Government of Viet Nam HIV-AIDS – human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immune deficiency syndrome IEE – initial environmental examination JCC – joint coordination committee for Transport Connections in Northern Mountainous Provinces Project: project implementation stage MARD – Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MMP – materials management plan MONRE – Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOT – Ministry of Transport NDCP – noise and dust control plan NGO – non-governmental organization NPOSF – Nui Pia Oac Special Use Forest PCC – project coordinating consultant PDOT – Provincial Department of Transport PPMU – provincial project management unit PPC – Provincial Peoples’ Committee PPE – personal protective equipment PSC – project supervision consultant
    [Show full text]
  • Chopping for Chips an Analysis of Wood Flows from Smallholder Plantations in Vietnam
    WORKING PAPER Chopping for chips An analysis of wood flows from smallholder plantations in Vietnam Nguyen Quang Tan Working Paper 65 Chopping for chips An analysis of wood flows from smallholder plantations in Vietnam Nguyen Quang Tan Working Paper 65 © 2011 Center for International Forestry Research All rights reserved Tan, N.Q. 2011 Chopping for chips: an analysis of wood flows from smallholder plantations in Vietnam. Working Paper 65. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia Cover photo: Manuel Ruiz Perez CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E [email protected] www.cifor.cgiar.org Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of CIFOR, the authors’ institutions or the financial sponsors of this publication. Table of contents Abbreviations v Acknowledgements vi 1 Background 1 2 Introduction to the study sites 2 3 Methodology 3 3.1 Study approach 3 3.2 Data collection 3 4 Description of the wood market chains in the study sites 4 4.1 Wood market chain in Phu Cat district 4 4.2 Wood market chain in Van Canh district 7 4.3 Wood market chain in Doan Hung district 9 4.4 Wood market chain in Phu Ninh district 12 5 Distribution of costs and benefits along the market chains 14 5.1 Distribution of costs and benefits amongst actors in Phu Cat and Van Canh 14 5.2 Distribution of costs and benefits amongst actors in Doan Hung 17 5.3 Distribution of costs and benefits amongst actors in Phu Ninh 20 6 Concluding discussion 22 7 Suggestions for
    [Show full text]