Transport Connection in Northern Mountainous Provinces Project Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan Cao Bang Province

Cao Bang Provincial People’s Committee

April 2011 (FINAL DRAFT) Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan Cao Bang Province

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB = Asian Development Bank CEM = Committee for Ethnic Minority DARD = Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DP = Displaced Person EM = Ethnic Minority GAEMDP Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan GOV = Government of Viet Nam HH = Household MOLISA = Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs NGO = Non-government Organization PDOT = Provincial Department of Transport PPA Participatory Poverty Assessment PPC = Provincial People’s Committee PPMU = Provincial Project Management Unit Project = Transport Connection in Northern Mountainous Provinces Project WU = Women’s Union YU = Youth’s Union

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TABLE of CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………………………… i 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 3. SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...... 2 4. WOMEN IN THE COMMUNITIES ...... 2 5. ETHNIC MINORITY HOUSEHOLDS ...... 3 6. CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 3 7. PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 4 8. RESETTLEMENT IMPACTS AND SOCIAL RISKS ...... 4 8.1 HIV/AIDS ...... 4 8.2 HUMAN TRAFFICKING ...... 5 8.3 ROAD SAFETY ...... 6 9. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATIVE MEASURES ...... 6

9.1 HIV/AIDS HUMAN TRAFFICKING AWARENESS CAMPAIGN & ROAD SAFETY CAMPAIGN ...... 6 9.2 EMPLOYMENT DURING CIVIL WORKS ...... 8 9.3 SAFETY MEASURES ALONG THE ROAD ...... 8 9.4 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ...... 11 9.4.1 PPMU ...... 11 9.4.2 Women’s Union ...... 11 9.4.3 Committee for Ethnic Minorities (CEM) ...... 12 9.4.4 Youth Union ...... 12 9.4.5 Support from Project Coordination Consultants ...... 12 10. BUDGET ...... 13 11. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 12. MONITORING, REPORTING & EVALUATION ...... 14 13. SCHEDULE & MONITORING ...... 14 14. UPLOADING ON ADB WEBSITE ...... 15

LIST OF ANNEX Page

NO TABLE OF FIGURES ENTRIES FOUND. LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1: Characteristics of Roads Affected ...... 1

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Table 2 : Summary of Perceived Benefits and Adverse Effects of Road Project ...... 4 Table 3: Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan ...... 8 Table 4 : Summary of Budget for the Implementation of the GAEMDP for Cao Bang Province ...... 13 Table 5: Indicative Implementation Schedule ...... 14

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Project Background. The Transport Connections in Northern Mountainous Provinces Project will rehabilitate about 307 km of provincial and district roads in six provinces in the northern mountainous provinces of Viet Nam (Bac Kan, Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, and Lao Cai). These provinces have high rates of poverty and ethnic minority populations. The road network consists predominantly of unpaved, narrow roads. Many sections are impassable during the rainy season. The travel time and cost from mountainous remote areas to social infrastructure will be reduced, and the economic activities along the roads will be enhanced. For Cao Bang Province, the Project will improve Road 202 with a total length of 30.2 km. The road will be upgraded to Class V with a carriageway of 3.5 meters (m) width and an embankment width of 6.5 m. Road 202 is located in a remote and mountainous area. Socio-Economic Information. The main primary source of income of most HH in the project area is agriculture and forestry (bamboo). The incidence of poverty in Cao Bang province in 2008 was 39.2% (new standard). Remote areas, especially those that become difficult to access by road during the rainy season, are particularly poor. This is the case for Road 202. By paving this road, the project will improve year-round all-weather access to markets, jobs, schools, and health centers. Women are involved mainly in agricultural activities in the Project area. They also sell their products to the local markets. With better roads, the markets will be easier to reach and trading opportunities for women will increase. Better roads will also bring more customers to the area, improving opportunities to expand women's small enterprises. Access to health center will also be improved. Access to health clinics is important for women. It means that they and their children are able to recover more quickly. There are nine ethnic minorities living in Cao Bang. The largest ethnic groups are the Tay (46%), Nung (32%), H'mong (8%), Dao (7%) and Lolo (1%). The Kinh represent only 5% of the population. In the project area, along Road 202, all the population belongs to an ethnic minority group: Dao (82%), Nung (17%) and Tay (2%). GAEMDP. This gender action and ethnic minority development plan (GAEMDP) has been prepared to maximize benefits to local populations and to ensure that women and ethnic minorities equally share the benefits. Enhanced connectivity can also have unintended consequences (e.g. increased risk of HIV/AIDS and human trafficking, increased road safety risks), and this plan includes provisions to mitigate against these risks. The GAEMDP will include four components, all of which have been designed to ensure as many beneficiaries as possible from the investments made. The four components are: HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking Campaign; Road safety campaign and measures; Employment of local population during construction; Climate Change adaptation HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking Campaign. An HIV/AIDS prevention and human trafficking awareness campaign and a road safety campaign will be conducted before and during construction along the project roads. WU at the provincial and commune levels will be responsible for the whole campaign organization (training of facilitators, materials). Training of facilitators will be conducted by women’s unions and representatives of HIV/AIDs centres and communes in Road 202. Campaigns will be conducted at commune & village levels by 2 facilitators per village (village chief & 1 woman member of the WU). Campaigns will be conducted at village level and during market days, through distribution of leaflets, use of loud speakers, and presentation of plays. Construction-Setting Risk Mitigation Campaign. The contractors will have to prepare an awareness campaign plan to develop awareness, training, prevention, diagnosis and treatment programs for workers. This program will be under the contractor’s budget. The Women’s Union and village officials, together with the gender and ethnic minority specialists, will coordinate with, and monitor and report on the contractors’ HIV/AIDS programs and provide support by providing materials and carrying out campaign activities targeting workers.

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Road safety program. PPMU and mass organization will conduct campaign on traffic regulations and safety measures in communes/villages and schools to raise awareness of road safety during construction and operation. Training of facilitators will be undertaken together with the HIV/AIDS human trafficking campaign. As for HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking Campaign, Campaigns will be conducted at commune & village levels by 2 facilitators per village (village chief & 1 woman member of the WU). Campaigns will be conducted at village level and during market days, through distribution of leaflets, use of loud speakers, and presentation of plays. The project design will also include safety measures for pedestrians such as: (i) speed bumps to slow traffic in villages and roadside settlements and at other strategic locations; (ii) lighting poles at strategic locations; and (iii) road safety signage (including pedestrian crossings). The location of these road safety facilities will be discussed with the WU and commune authorities during construction. Employment of local population during construction. Discussion with PPMU Cao Bang was held on March 21, 2011, to identify achievable targets for employment of local labor and women. After discussion, it was agreed to include specifications in bidding documents and civil works contracts that require, to the extent feasible, civil works and other contractors for the Project to hire a local labor force, specifically: 20% of the labor force (unskilled labourers) will come from local communities along the improved roads; Among these 20%, 50% will be women; and, Equal work for equal pay and no use of child labour. Discussion was also held with commune authorities to identify the process to hire local people. Contractors will submit to the commune authorities the number of people and the types of tasks needed. The local authorities, in collaboration with the WU, will inform the community and will ask interested people to give their names at the commune level. The list, 50% men and 50% women, will be given to the contractors. The PPMU, commune authorities and the WU will monitor whether the contractor meet the targets (i.e., agreed percentage of local labour and women; wages to be paid by the contractor). Climate change adaptation. 25% of PPMU staff attending adaptation seminars will be female. Consultation and Disclosure. Consultations with the key stakeholders have been carried out during the preparation of the GAEMP. A GAEMDP Information Booklet has been prepared. Copies will be placed in village offices, Office of the Women’s Union and Committee for Ethnic Minorities, and in the market areas where bulletin boards are present before ADB Management Review Meeting or before ADB Follow-Up Mission. Implementation Arrangements. The Cao Bang PPCis the executing agency while the Provincial Project Management Unit is the implementing agency of the Project. PPMUs are staffed with counterpart personnel mostly seconded from the Provincial Department of Transport (PDOT). Currently PPMU staff are quite exclusively men. The PPMU is under the PDOT and is located in the PDOT building. There is a woman’s group within PDOT, which can be consulted on gender issues. Among the PPMUs, Mr. To Vinh Hien has been appointed to work on resettlement and social issues including gender issues. Specific to activities mentioned in this GAEMDP, mass organizations such as Women’s Union and Committee for Ethnic Minorities will lead in the planning and implementation of all GAEMDP. Representatives from other mass organizations such as Fatherland’s Front, Youth Union, Farmer’s Association will also be requested to participate in the planning and implementation of various GAEMDP activities. The Women’s Union will be assisted by a team of international and national gender and ethnic minority development specialists from the Project Coordination Consultants. GAEMDP Budget, Implementation Schedule, and Monitoring. The ADB loan funds will be used for the GAEMDP activities (with the exception of the contractors’ own HIV/AIDS campaigns). The budget for the implementation of the GAEMDP is estimated at 342 580 000 VND (16,416 USD). Loan funds will be used for GAEMDP and will be charged against the international PCC contract. Administration costs (such as transportation,

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The Project is expected to commence in January 2012. The GAEMDP activities will be carried out until completion of civil works construction. The PPMU and the Women’s Union, assisted by the Project Coordination Consultants will develop gender- and ethnic- segregated indicators during inception and prepare quarterly progress reports and will be submitted to the PPC and ADB.

Table ES: Indicative Implementation Schedule

Main GAEMDP Plan Activities Implementation Schedule Preparation of Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan (GAEMDP) GAEMDP Preparation (consultation) Aug-Sep 2010, March 2011 GAEMDP submission to ADB for review and concurrence April-May 2011 Disclosure of GAEMDP Information Booklet May 2011 GAEMDP uploaded on ADB website May 2011 ADB Management Review Meeting Jun 2011 Loan effectiveness 30 December 2011 Implementation period / Pre-Construction Activities January 2012–June 2015 Recruitment of supervision consultant Second quarter 2012 Awareness campaign for HIV/AIDS, human trafficking, and road safety 3rd and 4th Qtr 2012-onwards Start of Civil Works Construction First quarter 2013 Continuously during construction Supervision of employment of local workers period Continuously during construction HIV/AIDS campaign for contractors period Awareness campaign for HIV/AIDS, human trafficking, and road safety Second and third quarters 2013 Monitoring Second quarter 2012 -onwards

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1. INTRODUCTION The Transport Connections in Northern Mountainous Provinces Project will rehabilitate about 307 km of provincial and district roads in six provinces in the northern mountainous provinces of Viet Nam (Bac Kan, Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, and Lao Cai). These provinces have high rates of poverty and ethnic minority populations. The road network consists predominantly of unpaved, narrow roads. Many sections are impassable during the rainy season. The travel time and cost from mountainous remote areas to social infrastructure will be reduced, and the economic activities along the roads will be enhanced.

A gender action and ethnic minority development plan (GAEMDP) has been prepared to maximize benefits to local populations and to ensure that women and ethnic minorities equally share the benefits. Enhanced connectivity can also have unintended consequences (e.g. increased risk of HIV/AIDS and human trafficking, increased road safety risks), and this plan includes provisions to mitigate against these risks. The socio-economic situation of the project area in general and households in particular is based on the following sources: Publications, socio-economic profile of households potentially affected by land acquisition; Information gathered during the public meetings held at the village level in August - September 2010. In early March 2011, two consultation meetings were again organized at the commune and village levels to Identify the expected direct benefits to the local communities; Determine how awareness campaigns should be conducted and by whom; Determine how the local communities could actively participate in the various GAEMDP activities Determine specific targets for the employment of local people and of women during construction; Identify persons in charge of social issues within PPMU; Information from these consultation meetings were derived from the following participants: Cao Bang PPMU staff, representatives of the Women’s Union (WU) and the Committee for Ethnic Minorities (CEM) at the provincial level. Representatives of the Huy Giap commune’s authorities, the local women’s union, and representatives of the community were also met.

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION For Cao Bang Province, the Project will improve Road 202 with a total length of 30.2 km. The road will be upgraded to Class V with a carriageway of 3.5 meters (m) width and an embankment width of 6.5 m. Due to lack of funds for regular maintenance and improvement, Road 202 that will be improved under the Project is damaged and degraded with narrow roadbeds and low class pavement structure. Some sections are impassable during the rainy season. Road 202 is located in a remote and mountainous area. The gain on travel time will be significant and economic activities will be enhanced. Table 1: Characteristics of Roads Affected Road District Communes Location/accessibility Socioeconomic situation Benefits expected Ca Thanh - Paved road in very bad - High level of poverty; - Safer travel; - 100% of the population Nguyen Yen Lap status located in remote - Reduction in travel from an EM (mainly Binh and mountainous area; distance; Dao); Provincial Huy Giap - Road 202 is a former - Easier access to - Harsh natural conditions Road 202 Bao Lac Hung Dao section of National services (school, for agriculture; Road 34 which was markets, health rebuilt at another - Forestry (bamboo) is an center) location; important source of - Reduce transport income costs - Economic enhance- ment at local level;

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3. SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA Main Source of Income. The main primary source of income of most HH in the project area is agriculture and forestry. Local Produce Found in the Area. Road 202 is located in Bao Lac and Nguyen Binh districts, two of the most mountainous and remote districts in Cao Bang Province. Households have little land for farming purposes. The local harsh natural conditions are suitable for temperate plants, raising cows, horses, goats and poultry; and maize as the main food crop. Bamboo is also an important product. It is the main income source for many people, particularly in poor and remote upland areas. Nguyen Binh District has the largest number of bamboo-growing households in the province and the highest percentage of bamboo-growing areas. Poverty. The national poverty line is established by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA). For the period from 2006 to 2010; the rural poverty line was VND 200,000/person/month while the urban poverty line was VND 260,000/person/month. The incidence of poverty in Cao Bang province in 2008 was 39.2% (new standard). In Huy Giap Commune (along Road 202), among the 466 HH in the commune, 172 (37%) are identified as poor. Remote areas, especially those that become difficult to access by road during the rainy season, are particularly poor. This is the case along road 202. Transport takes a lot of time and physical effort in rural areas. Paved roads and enhanced connectivity are vital for local economic development and poverty reduction. By paving this road, the project will improve year-round all-weather access to markets, jobs, schools, and health centers. Bamboo production plays an important role in reducing poverty in bamboo-growing communes. Growers produce bamboo for cash to supplement family income and for food security. In the provincial strategy for poverty reduction, the expansion of bamboo production was considered a strategy for the mountainous areas of Nguyen Binh, Bao Lac, Thong Nong and Hoa An districts. Luxembourg has targeted Cao Bang Province for development support through the Developing Business with the Rural Poor Programme (DBRP). The Project consists of the following components: (1) Improving the Business and Investment Environment, (2) Rural Business Development Services, (3) Expanding Market Access for the Rural Poor, (4) Programme Management, (5) Programme Quality. The improved road will enhance the benefits of this program.

4. WOMEN IN THE COMMUNITIES Labor. Women are involved mainly in agricultural activities in the Project area. They also sell their products to the local markets. Their position has been improved though slowly; they now have better knowledge of the economy, society and culture; the quality of life (health, clothing, accommodation, transportation and cultural needs) has improved; the birth rate has declined. A very low percentage of women have a position in the government apparatus. In all the communes visited, there were no women, other than heads of WU, acting as commune or village leaders. Education. All the communes along the Project’s roads have a primary school and some have a lower secondary school. All children, boys and girls, go to school. For upper secondary school, students have to go to the district town. However, the enrolment rates for upper secondary education in high/remote areas (like Road 202) remain low compared to other districts especially for girls. To continue after lower secondary, students along Road 202 go to the district towns, Bao Lac and Nguyen Binh, up to 25 km away on difficult roads from the villages along Road 202. They go to boarding school and stay all week in Bao Lac or Nguyen Binh. With improved roads, girls will have a better chance of attending secondary school.

Involvement in groups. Women (particularly the Tay and Dao women) have started to take part more actively in community activities such as village meetings. The Women’s Union is considered an active mass organization at the grassroots level. However, lots of old practices/traditions still prevail and hinder women’s advancement (men still want to be the main participants in social engagements leaving the women to work long hours on agricultural production and housework).

Markets. The main markets are located along the new Road 34 (Road 202 is the former Road 34, but a new section of the road was built at another location). For example, the commune center of Huy Giap is located on the new section of Road 34 where the market is located. Therefore, villagers along Road 202 have to travel long distances to go to the markets. Men and women usually go together to the market on a motorbike to sell and buy their agricultural products. Revised, version 2 Page 2

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Better roads will also bring more customers to the area, improving opportunities to expand women's small enterprises. Market places are an important source of information for the community. Information flow is mainly via commune and village officials, neighbours and also via market places.

Health. Access to health clinics is important for women. It means that they and their children are able to recover more quickly. For women, this is especially important, not only because women and children tend to fall ill more often but also because they do not have to stay home so long to tend to their sick children. Just like the markets, the health centers are located in commune centers, which are located mainly along the new section of Road 34. The upgrading of Road 202 will greatly improve access to health centers.

5. ETHNIC MINORITY HOUSEHOLDS There are nine ethnic minorities living in Cao Bang. The largest ethnic groups are the Tay (46%), Nung (32%), H'mong (8%), Dao (7%) and Lolo (1%). The Kinh represent only 5% of the population. In the project area, along Road 202, all the population belongs to an ethnic minority group: Dao (82%), Nung (17%) and Tay (2%). Source of Income. Ethnic minorities stand out as particularly disadvantaged in Viet Nam’s economic context. They tend to be less educated, more likely to suffer from malnutrition, are almost twice as likely to work self-employed in agriculture and are half as likely to be wage earners. In the project area, ethnic minority groups are almost all involved in agricultural and forestry production. They grow maize as their main food crop and raise cows, goats and pigs. Bamboo is often the main income source for many ethnic minority households. Few ethnic minority members are involved in other activities (services, government, etc.). Regarding income, HHs along Road 202 have much lower incomes than the average in Cao Bang Province: 1.5 million VND and 2.6 million per month, respectively. Among EMs, there is no significant difference regarding incomes. Education. In general, ethnic minority groups have a lower level of education than the Kinh. In the project area, all the children from ethnic minority groups go to primary and lower secondary schools generally located at the commune level. Ethnic minority people use their own languages in daily communication, but the majority of them (mostly young people) can understand and speak Vietnamese. An NGO, ADRA is implementing a project1 to promote and improve the overall social status of ethnic minority women in Cao Bang Province through awareness raising and educational activities. To this end, the project also strengthens the capacity of the Cao Bang Provincial Women's Union and its branches in Ha Quang, Bao Lac and Bao Lam districts to implement community awareness and education programs. Cao Bang Province provides education services (free education plus support for textbooks, etc.) to ethnic minority people and people living in remote/difficult areas.

6. CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

During project preparation (in August-September 2010, March 2011) public consultation were conducted. Affected households from EM groups and representative of CEM attended to these meetings together with local authorities, affected HH and representatives of various mass organizations (Women’s Union, Youth Union etc.). During these public meetings, Ethnic Minority People (EMP) were asked to respond on some specific issues and concerns among their communities. The following table summarized the concerns of the affected HH. EMP and Kinh share the same concerns in the project area. These concerns have been taking into account, in the GAEMDP, for the preparation of beneficial and mitigative measures. Affected households see much more benefits than adverse effects of the proposed Project. The road improvement will improve greatly transportation and economic activities. All persons met want the project to start as soon as possible.

1 ADRA Australia (2009-2012) Literacy Class Empowers Ethnic Minority Women (LICEEM) in Cao Bang Province. Revised, version 2 Page 3

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Table 2 : Summary of Perceived Benefits and Adverse Effects of Road Project

Benefits Adverse Effects 1. Improved roads will provide safer traffic condition for local people. 1. Number of traffic accidents may increase. 2. People will have better access to schools by making roads easier 2. Number of social evils may increase. Improved roads to navigate specially during rainy season. Easier and safer for will provide easier access for outsiders who may bring children to go to school. with them vices such as drug addiction and prostitution, 3. Better transportation contributes in promoting product exchanges trafficking of women and children and spread of and trading activities and facilitates the movement of products communicable diseases. from source to markets. 3. Disruption in daily living of people during construction 4. Improved roads and transportation will help improve the standard period like their mobility in going to school and market. of living of local people. 4. Households who will be directly affected in terms of 5. The people within the project area can earn additional income their houses and livelihood are concerned that they will from jobs in construction work and for providing lodging and food not be paid on time nor given assistance for repairing to Contractors and construction workers coming from outside. their houses or relocating.

7. PROJECT BENEFITS As mentioned in the table above, improved connectivity can bring great benefits to the local population. Access to markets and transport services increases, travel becomes faster and more convenient, and children can safely travel further from home. The quality of rural health, education and other services improves with better accessibility. Because ethnic minorities account for 100% of the population in the project area, and women play an important role in the local economy, the Project’s benefits will directly help ethnic minorities and women.

8. RESETTLEMENT IMPACTS AND SOCIAL RISKS Impacts on women and EMH specific to resettlement are not significant. Resettlement impacts are not different than the Kinh in the project area. A stand-alone Resettlement Plan has been prepared for Cao Bang province. About 77 households will be affected by land acquisition. No main structure will be affected and there is no case of relocation. No households will lose 10% or more of their total productive assets and there will not be any acquisition of common property resources. Access to properties and economic opportunities will not be restricted during project construction and operation.

In terms of social risks, the following associated social risks in the improvement of project roads have been identified: HIV/AIDS, human trafficking, and road safety.

8.1 HIV/AIDS General. The HIV epidemic in Vietnam is still in a concentrated stage, with the highest HIV prevalence found in male injecting drug users (18.4%), female sex workers (3.2%) and men who have sex with men (16.7%). The HIV epidemic may have begun to stabilize, as reflected by stable trends in HIV prevalence among injecting drug users and female sex workers in many places. In other places, these trends are increasing such as in the northwest of the country. HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics and among male military recruits has begun decreasing and continues to be observed at low levels, 0.3% and 0.15%, respectively. People aged 20-39 years account for more than 80% of all reported cases and the proportion of people living with HIV aged 30-39 is showing signs of increasing. Men accounted for 73.2% of all reported cases in 2009. HIV cases have been reported nationwide in all 63 provinces/cities, 97.5% of districts, and 70.5% of wards/communes. As of 31 December 2009, there were 160,019 reported HIV cases and 44,050 deaths due to AIDS-related illnesses.2 According to the Viet Nam HIV/AIDS Estimates and Projections 2007- 2012, adult HIV prevalence (aged 15-49) was 0.44% in 2010.3

2 National Committee for AIDS, Drugs, and Prostitution Prevention and Control. 2010. The Fourth Country Report on Following up the Implementation to the Declaration of Commitment on HIV and AIDS. Hanoi. 3 Ministry of Health. 2009. Viet Nam HIV/AIDS Estimates and Projections: 2007-2012. Hanoi. Revised, version 2 Page 4

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Cao Bang Province. Cao Bang shares a 311 km-long borderline with China (Guanxi Province). It has a national border gate in Quang Hoa District and local border gates at Hung Quoc in Tra Linh and Soc Giang in Ha Quang, which facilitates trading with China. Cao Bang had 856 HIV/AIDS cases on December 31st, 2003. Cao Bang Province ranks 8th in the whole country for the number of HIV/AIDS infected patients.

Project Areas. In the commune visited (Huy Giap), there are no known cases of HIV/AIDS according to the commune authorities. Opening remote areas, especially Road 202, could increase the spread of HIV/AIDS, both during construction, and with a greater influx of outsiders once the road is complete. The Women’s Union, in collaboration with health centers, conducts regular awareness campaigns on HIV/AIDS at the commune and village level. In all the communes visited, these campaigns were being conducted.

8.2 HUMAN TRAFFICKING General. Viet Nam is a source and destination country for human trafficking. Vietnamese men, women, and girls are trafficked for commercial sexual and labor exploitation in Cambodia, the People's Republic of China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Taiwan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the Czech Republic. Women and men are trafficked for forced labor in brothels, factories, construction projects, ships, and to work as domestic servants. Vietnamese women are also recruited through fraudulent marriages. Between 2002-2007, there were around 25,000 marriages by Vietnamese women to Korean men, and 24,600 to Taiwanese men from 2003 to 2005.4 In 2008, the Vietnamese Government estimated that approximately 10% of the arranged marriages with Chinese men become trafficking cases. Women are often recruited through licensed and unlicensed migrant labor recruiting agencies. In response, the government tightened the requirements for foreign marriages, making marriage brokerage illegal. From 2005-2007, as many as 900 human trafficking cases involving 1,600 traffickers and 2,200 smuggled women and children were detected.5 There are many causes for human trafficking in Vietnam. The UN Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking argues that many of the causes are socio-economic, such as difficulty finding employment in rural and remote areas, lack of awareness, and low education level. The National Action Plan Against the Trafficking of Women and Children from 2004-2010 places the Viet Nam Women’s Union in charge of promoting public education while the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA) focuses on assisting victims and repatriation and reintegration. A study conducted under ADB regional technical assistance (TA)6 found that construction of a new road, located in the far northeast of Cambodia with borders on Lao and Viet Nam, had more impact in encouraging migration for ethnic minorities than in facilitating access to social facilities and services. As such, for many of these ethnic minorities, the new roads that lead into their provinces also offer a way out of hardship and poverty and into prosperity, through migration. According to this study, migration, when unregulated, especially for people with limited education, skills, and information, can lead to human trafficking and other forms of exploitation. Ethnic minorities are particularly at risk. Women from the ethnic minority villages in the Northern region in particular became sexual victims, with several percent ending up in Laos. In China, most became victims of the sex industry or are forced labour in rural areas (through forced marriages to farmers). Cao Bang Province. Cao Bang Province borders the People’s Republic of China to the north, with a 311 km long border line. Therefore, the risk of human trafficking with China is already high and will increase with the improvement of the road network. The problems of child abduction and human trafficking have increased in the Northern region. Project Area. Road 202 is located partially in Bao Lac District which has a border and access road to China. Therefore, the risk of human trafficking is high. In Huy Giap Commune, there were no known cases of human trafficking.

4 World Vision. GMS Human Trafficking: A Changing Landscape. Available online: http://www.freedomshabbat.org/downloads/regionaltraff.pdf 5 Human Trafficking Crackdown in Viet Nam. 7 January 2008. Available at http://www.humantrafficking.org/updates /768 6 ADB. 2005. Technical Assistance for Preventing the Trafficking of Women and Children and Promoting Safe Migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Manila. (RETA 6190) Revised, version 2 Page 5

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The Women’s Union conducts regular awareness campaigns on human trafficking at the commune level. In all the communes visited, such campaigns were being conducted.

8.3 ROAD SAFETY Pedestrians and motorcyclists are the most vulnerable road users and account for the majority of traffic deaths in Vietnam. With the improvement of road 202 and the anticipated increase in traffic (cars and trucks) and speed, there may be increased road accidents. This safety issue will affect all road users and, in particular, women who often travel to and from their fields. It will also affect students going to school. Road safety issues were also identified as a concern by women during public meetings conducted in 2010. A safety transportation board has been established within DOT. This board is in charge of awareness safety campaigns in the province. The WU at the provincial level is a member of this board.

Road safety campaigns are already being conducted in Cao Bang Province, at the commune level, by the Women’s Union. The WU conduct their campaigns on market days. Usually markets take place once a week in the affected communes. The day of the market varies from one commune to another. The WU conducts various awareness campaigns every month at the commune level. The WU uses different means to inform the community and women in particular. They distribute leaflets and use loud speakers. Some plays with actors on specific subjects can also be organized.

9. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATIVE MEASURES Based on the above analysis, the proposed GAEMDP will include four components, all of which have been designed to ensure as many beneficiaries as possible from the investments made. The four components are: HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking Campaign; Road safety campaign and road safety design measures; Employment of local population during construction.; Climate change adaptation

Specific to resettlement impacts, as mentioned above, a separate Resettlement Plan has been prepared. It includes specific actions for women and ethnic minorities such as: ethnic minority households (EMH) are covered by customary rights, separate meetings with women and EMH during RP updating and implementation will be carried out, and special assistance will be provided to women and EMH based on their needs. Key information in the Resettlement Plan will be disclosed to the affected households through distribution of copies of information leaflets in Vietnamese language during market days in the communes prior to submission to the ADB for review and concurrence.

A GAEMDP Information Booklet has been prepared as shown in Annex 1. Copies will be placed in village offices, Office of the Women’s Union and Committee for Ethnic Minorities, and in the market areas where bulletin boards are present before ADB Management Review Meeting or before ADB Follow-Up Mission.

9.1 HIV/AIDS HUMAN TRAFFICKING AWARENESS CAMPAIGN & ROAD SAFETY CAMPAIGN An HIV/AIDS prevention and human trafficking awareness campaign and a road safety campaign will be conducted before and during construction along the project road. To facilitate the organization both campaign will be conducted at the same time. There are currently HIV/AIDS and human trafficking prevention and road safety activities implemented in all the communes by the Women’s Union and health centers. The proposed campaigns took experience from the existing activities conducted in Cao Bang Province. 9.1.1 Organization 3-day training course at subproject level - A 3-day training course will be undertaken in one commune along Road 202;

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- During the 3-day training course, the Women’s Union at the provincial level, along with HIV/AIDS centre members, will train community members. - Each commune affected by the project road will send the following representatives to the 3-day training course: - Women’s Union chairwoman and vice chairwoman; - Commune PPC Member in Charge of Safety Issues; - Commune Youth Union Leader; - Commune health care centre ; - A teacher from primary school and a teacher from basic secondary school. - This training course will focus on the main topics and materials to be used. - The WU will give each representative the necessary training materials;

3-day training course at commune level - After the training course at the subproject level, the representatives of each commune that participated in the first training course will become trainers in their respective commune, - Each village in each commune affected by the project road will send the following representatives to the 3- day training course: - Village Women’s Union Chairwoman; - Village Leader. - These representatives will become the 2 facilitators at the village level (at least 50% should be women);

Dissemination of information - The two facilitators in each village will have 2 weekly meetings with villagers to disseminate information on HIV/ AIDS, human trafficking and road safety; - In mountainous areas, if the houses are scattered, the facilitators will go to each house to disseminate information every 2 weeks; - When necessary, the facilitators will translate the information in other languages; - Twice a month, during market days in each commune, information will be disseminated. Plays will also be organized. - Trained teachers will provide information in their respective primary and basic secondary schools.

Timing and Material Training materials will come from the provincial and district level (WU and Health Centres) and from the Provincial Department of Transport (PDOT). The gender and ethnic minority specialists, under the Project Coordination consultants, will review the existing material and supplement it if necessary. For HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking, the supplement will be based on the existing materials developed for the following ADB projects: TA-6467 (REG) and RETA 64677: HIV Prevention and Infrastructure: Mitigating Risk in the GMS.

All the written information will be in Vietnamese. However, at least one facilitator will be able to verbally translate the information to those who don’t understand Vietnamese. The organization of this awareness campaign has been discussed with the WU, at the provincial and commune level, and with representatives of other stakeholders (PPMU, CEM, commune authorities). All the stakeholders met agreed with the proposed organization.

It should be noted that an awareness campaign will also be conducted by contractors specifically for their workers. The contractors will have to prepare an awareness campaign plan to develop awareness, training, prevention, diagnosis and treatment programs for workers. This program will be under the contractor’s budget. The Women’s Union and village officials, together with the gender and ethnic minority specialists, will coordinate with, and monitor and report on

7 ADB. 2008. Regional Technical Assistance Report for HIV Prevention and Infrastructure – Mitigating Risk in the Greater Mekong Subregion (RETA 6467). Revised, version 2 Page 7

Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan Cao Bang Province the contractors’ HIV/AIDS programs and provide support by providing materials and carrying out campaign activities targeting workers.

9.2 EMPLOYMENT DURING CIVIL WORKS Civil works for road improvements will require local labourers for land clearance, earthworks and other activities. Greater gender equality in labor-based road construction and maintenance will provide significant social benefits to participating households and communities. According to local authorities met, women are already involved in maintenance road work. The activities conducted by women are mainly clearing drainage ditches and culverts and spreading crushed stones on the road. Women can also maintain embankments and plant and care for trees and other plants that protect against erosion. As per the Labour Code, all employment for civil works will have to respect GOV commitments to gender equity and promotion of ethnic minorities, including: Employment targets for women and ethnic minorities; No discrimination against the employment of qualified women and ethnic minorities; and, No differential wages paid to men and women for work of equal value. Discussion with PPMU Cao Bang was held on March 21, 2011, to identify achievable targets for employment of local labor and women. After discussion, it was agreed to include specifications in bidding documents and civil works contracts that require, to the extent feasible, civil works and other contractors for the Project to hire a local labor force, specifically: 20% of the labor force (unskilled labourers) will come from local communities along the improved roads; Among these 20%, 50% will be women; and, Equal work for equal pay and no use of child labour. Discussion was also held with commune authorities to identify the process to hire local people. Contractors will submit to the commune authorities the number of people and the types of tasks needed. The local authorities, in collaboration with the WU, will inform the community and will ask interested people to give their names at the commune level. The list, 50% men and 50% women, will be given to the contractors.

The PPMU, commune authorities and the WU will monitor whether the contractor meet the targets (i.e., agreed percentage of local labour and women; wages to be paid by the contractor). During meetings at the commune level, participants asked whether the contractors would pay the laborers daily or weekly. Information on local employment will be included in the monitoring reports. It is worth mentioning that hiring local laborers may be difficult during the planting and harvesting season.

9.3 SAFETY MEASURES ALONG THE ROAD The project design will include safety measures for pedestrians such as: (i) speed bumps to slow traffic in villages and roadside settlements and at other strategic locations; (ii) lighting poles at strategic locations; and (iii) road safety signage (including pedestrian crossings). The location of these road safety facilities will be discussed with the WU and commune authorities during construction.

9.4 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Climate change adaptation seminars will be conducted during the Project. Of the total number of participants, 25% of them will be female.

Table 3 summarizes the content of the GAEMDP.

Table 3: Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan Project outputs Activities and Indicators Responsibilities Time frame

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Output 1: Project -Contractors will prioritize the use of - PPMU/Project Coordination - During roads are local unskilled labour (through Consultant will be responsible to construction rehabilitated subcontracting); at least 30% of the ensure this clause is included in labour force will be local unskilled labor; the contract; -Among the 30% of local labour, at least - Commune authorities will submit 50% of unskilled labourers will be to the contractors the list of female; interested people; -Male and female unskilled workers will - Women’s Union and Commune receive equal pay for equal work; authorities will be responsible for - Contractors will not employ child ensuring that employment targets labour on civil works contracts; are met. - Persons interested will write their - names at village level; commune authorities and village chiefs will provide names to the contractors; priority will be given to members of the poorest households -Separate male/female latrines / basic facilities will be provided in the construction sites. Output 2: PDOT’s - 25% of the PPMU staff attending - PPMU staff - During capacity on climate adaptation training seminars will be implementation change adaptation female and flexible application of road classification is enhanced Output 3: HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking - WU at the provincial and - Monthly, before Awareness of Campaign commune levels will be and during potential social Community-Based Risk Mitigation responsible for the whole construction problems is Campaign campaign organization (training of enhanced among - The risk mitigation information will facilitators, materials development) vulnerable people, be delivered to project-affected in collaboration with district and especially women communes and villages using a commune health centres. and ethnic participatory approach with a - WU at the village level will be minorities special focus on the poor, responsible for the dissemination vulnerable households (e.g. ethnic of information minority groups, households - Commune/district health centres headed by women, and families will assist WU at commune level with disabled and elderly members, - Project Coordination Consultant and out-of-school youth). will include international and - Materials will be gender-responsive national gender and ethnic and culturally- and linguistically- minority specialists appropriate; in particular it should - The gender and EM specialists be translated/adapted into various from the Project Coordination ethnic minority languages (Dao, Consultants will review the Hmong Tay) where necessary; existing materials and, if - Training of facilitators will be necessary, supplement the conducted by women’s unions and existing materials from the TA- representatives of HIV/AIDs centres 6467 (REG) and RETA 6467 : and communes in Road 202; HIV Prevention and - Campaigns will be conducted at Infrastructure: Mitigating Risk in commune & village levels by 2 the GMS; facilitators per village ( village chief - & 1 woman member of the WU)

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- Campaigns will be conducted at village level and during market days, through distribution of leaflets, use of loud speakers, and presentation of plays; Construction-Setting Risk Mitigation - Contractors - During Campaign - Local health centers construction - PPMU and Contractor will work - Commune authorities closely with health services at the - Women’s union will carry out district and commune levels to overall coordination to create develop awareness, training, greater synergy on HIV focused prevention, diagnosis and treatment activities. programs for workers. - All programs and materials developed will integrate gender issues, including key vulnerabilities and needs of men and women. - In particular contractor will: - Develop awareness programs for the employees and the community including information, education and communication activities that address HIV transmission and promote preventive measures; - Provide voluntary counselling and encourage testing for HIV/AIDS to make sure that all employees know their status; - Facilitate access to health care and be supportive of people who have disclosed their HIV status; - Provide basic medical care and facilities (free condoms) at workers’ camps; Community-based road safety - The Cao Bang Project - Monthly, during campaign Management Unit (PPMU will be construction - PPMU and mass organization will responsible for the budget conduct campaign on traffic allocation; regulations and safety measures in - WU at the provincial level will be communes/villages and schools to responsible for the whole raise awareness of road safety campaign organization (training of during construction and operation; facilitators, materials); - Training of facilitators will be - WU at the commune level will undertaken together with the carry out the dissemination of HIV/AIDS human trafficking information; campaign; - The gender and ethnic minority - Facilitators will adapt materials specialists from the Project which are gender sensitive and EM Coordination Consultants will languages when necessary; review the proposed materials - Training of facilitators will be and, if necessary, supplement conducted by women’s union and them; representatives of PDOT in the - project areas; - Campaign will be conducted twice in each village and during market

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days, through distribution of leaflets and loud speaker; - Campaign will also be conducted in schools by teachers who attended the training courses; - Campaign will be conducted at commune and village level by 2 facilitators per village (1 man, village chief & 1 woman member of the WU) Road safety measures - The Cao Bang Project - During detailed - Road hazards will be identified and Management Unit (PPMU); design and removed. - Project Coordination Consultants project - Road and traffic signs and road implementation safety warnings will be installed in strategic locations along the whole length of the road; - Pedestrians crossings will be installed where necessary; - For the safety of children and pedestrians, light poles and speed bumps will be installed at requested locations; - WU and local communities will be consulted for the location of safety facilities; Project Gender and development briefing and - Project Coordination Consultants During design Management training will be provided to PPMU staff, - -PPMU and initial local organizations and contractors. implementation All capacity development activities will nclude targets for female and EM participation.

10. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

10.1 PPMU

The Cao Bang PPCis the executing agency while the Provincial Project Management Unit is the implementating agency of the Project. The PPMU is staffed with counterpart personnel mostly seconded from the Provincial Department of Transport (PDOT). Currently PPMU staff are quite exclusively men. The PPMU is under the PDOT and is located in the PDOT building. There is a woman’s group within PDOT, which can be consulted on gender issues. Among the PPMUs, Mr. To Vinh Hien has been appointed to work on resettlement and social issues including gender issues. Specific to activities mentioned in this GAEMDP, mass organizations such as Women’s Union and Committee for Ethnic Minorities will lead in the planning and implementation of all GAEMDP. Representatives from other mass organizations such as Fatherland’s Front, Youth Union, Farmer’s Association will also be requested to participate in the planning and implementation of various GAEMDP activities. The Women’s Union will be assisted by a team of international and national gender and ethnic minority development specialists from the Project Coordination Consultants. 10.2 Women’s Union Viet Nam’s Women’s Union is a mass organization uniting women in the country. It has millions of members, and has branches in all communes and districts. At the local level, the Women’s Union members and leaders are active in a wide range of development activities. The Women’s Union organizes health and communication campaigns in

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Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan Cao Bang Province collaboration with other sectors, e.g: Health and Red Cross. Panel discussions on HIV/AIDS organized by WUs have attracted large audiences. It also promotes awareness and action on gender equity. The Women’s Union also conducts road safety campaigns. The Central Women’s Union provides guidance to provincial/commune Women’s Unions on HIV/AIDS/STI communication and educational activities for women. The Central Women’s Union gives guidance and instruction to their branches at provincial, district and commune levels for these campaigns. At the community level, HIV/AIDS information is integrated in other Women’s Union activities. Counseling is provided to HIV-infected people and their family members, and other educational activities are undertaken. In communes with difficulties and/or with ethnic minorities, the Women’s Union assists the poor and poor women in particular to access subsidized credit from the Bank for Social Policies. The WU can also provide training courses for their members. The Women’s Union at different levels has established collaborative mechanisms with banks to provide credit to women for household economic activities and for starting and developing their own enterprises. The Women’s Union plays a key role in information, health prevention and economic development at the commune level. 10.3 Committee for Ethnic Minorities (CEM) In 1994, a Committee for Ethnic Minorities (CEM) was created and assigned the role of monitoring and coordinating ethnic minority development activities. CEM is present in each province with ethnic minority issues. However, CEM is not present at the local level. The GOV has in place a number of programs aimed at the integration of ethnic minority groups into overall Vietnamese society and, in particular, their greater participation in mainstream economic life. The GOV seeks to address the inequities of both development and infrastructure provision in the remote and mountainous areas with Programme 135. This program is co-managed by CEM. 10.4 Youth Union Viet Nam Youth Union is a mass organization uniting youth in the country. It has millions of members, and has branches in all communes and districts. At the local level, Youth Union (YU) members and leaders are active in a wide range of development activities. The YU has the ability to reach young people at all levels of Vietnamese society, including those with high-risk behaviors and/or living with HIV/AIDS. A National Movement to engage youth volunteers and young people in "Preventing AIDS, Drug Use and Prostitution" was launched throughout the country in 2003. In HIV/AIDS activities, building awareness, education and communication activities are the first priority of the VYU. The

Youth Union works together with the police, military, Vietnam Fatherland Front, the Vietnam Women’s Union, Vietnam Veterans Association, and education sector in promoting healthy lifestyles and supporting youth. 10.5 Support from Project Coordination Consultants The Project Coordination Consultant will hire 1 international and 3 national gender and ethnic minority specialists. Each national gender specialist will be based in one of the 3 project field offices (Lao Cai – Yen Bai; Ha Giang – Tuyen Quanh; and Cao Bang - Bac Kan). The main tasks of the international and national consultants will be to: (i)Assist PPMU in the implementation of the GAEMDP; (ii)Provide assistance and training to Women’s Unions at various levels; (iii) Review and adapt materials for safety, HIV/AIDS and human trafficking campaigns; (iv) Provide gender and development training to PPMU staff and mass organizations; and provide gender briefing to contractors.; and (v) Assist PPMU in the preparation of quarterly progress reports.

11. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM The local population will have access to this grievance process. Complaints will pass through 3 stages before they could be elevated to a court of law as a last resort. The grievance redress procedure specific to social issues (e.g. contractor’s failure to pay workers) is similar to the procedures established in the Resettlement Plan for Cao Bang Province. EMH and women who have questions or complaints can ask support from the Committee on Ethnic Minorities and Women’s Union.

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First Stage, Commune People’s Committee. An aggrieved affected household may bring his/her complaint before any member of the Commune People’s Committee, either through the Village Chief or directly to the CPC, in writing or verbally. It is incumbent upon said member of CPC or the village chief to notify the CPC about the complaint. The CPC will meet personally with the aggrieved affected household and will have 30-45 days following the lodging of the complaint to resolve it (Note: in remote and mountainous areas, the complaint should be resolved within 45-60 days. The CPC is responsible for documenting and keeping file of all complaints that it handles. Upon issuance of decision of CPC, the household can make an appeal within 30 days. If the second decision has been issued and the household is still not satisfied with the decision, the household can elevate his/her complaint to the DPC. Second Stage, District People’s Committee. Upon receipt of complaint from the household, the DPC will have 30-45 days (or 45-60 days if it is in remote or mountainous areas) following the lodging of the complaint to resolve the case. The DPC is responsible for documenting and keeping file of all complaints that it handles. Upon issuance of decision of DPC, the household can make an appeal within 30 days. If the second decision has been issued and the household is still not satisfied with the decision, the household can elevate his/her complaint to the PPC. Third Stage, Provincial People’s Committee. Upon receipt of complaint from the household, the PPC will have 30-45 days (or 45-60 days if it is in remote or mountainous areas) following the lodging of the complaint to resolve the case. The PPC is responsible for documenting and keeping file of all complaints that reaches the same. Upon issuance of decision of PPC, the household can make an appeal within 30 days. If the second decision has been issued and the household is still not satisfied with the decision, the household can elevate his/her complaint to the court within 45 days. PPC will then deposit the compensation payment in an escrow account. Final Stage, the Court of Law Arbitrates. Should the complainant file his/her case to the court and the court rule in favor of the complainant, then PMU-MT will have to increase the compensation at a level to be decided by the court. In case the court will rule in favor of PPC, then the amount deposited with the court is what the complainant will receive. If efforts to resolve complaints or disputes are still unresolved and unsatisfactory following the project’s grievance redress mechanism, the households have the right to send their concerns or problems directly to ADB’s Operations Department, i.e., Transport and Communications Division, Southeast Asia Department (SERD) or through ADB Viet Nam Resident Mission. If the households are still not satisfied with the responses of SERD, they can directly contact the ADB's Office of the Special Project Facilitator (OSPF) as outlined in the "Information Guide to the Consultation Phase of the ADB Accountability Mechanism" 8. 12. BUDGET The following table presents the budget planned for the implementation of the GAEMDP. The ADB loan funds will be used for the GAEMDP activities (with the exception of the contractors’ own HIV/AIDS campaigns). The budget for the implementation of the GAEMDP is estimated at 342 580 000 VND (16,416 USD). Loan funds will be used for GAEMDP and will be charged against the international PCC contract. Administration costs (such as transportation, allowances for local authorities and facilitators, purchase or rental of speakers, dissemination of information leaflets) will be part of the provisional sum. The detailed budget is presented in Annex 2. Table 4 : Summary of Budget for the Implementation of the GAEMDP for Cao Bang Province

TOTAL Activities VND USD I Training course at subproject level for representatives of each affected commune 50 980 000 $ 2 443

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II Training course at subproject level for representatives of each affected commune 54 000 000 $ 2 588 III Dissemination of information 237 600 000 $ 11 385 IV Total 342 580 000 $ 16 416 13. MONITORING, REPORTING & EVALUATION Monitoring and evaluation of the GAEMDP implementation is required to ensure the action plan (see Table 3) is implemented properly and effectively, and to ensure that the objectives of the GAEMDP are being met. The monitoring of the GAEMDP will be ensured by PPMU assisted by the supervision consultants. For the employment during civil works, the commune authorities will also be involved in the monitoring. The objectives of the monitoring of the GAEMDP will include: (i) Ensuring that the GAEMDP is being properly implemented and the overall objectives of the GAEMDP are being met; (ii) Collecting data and information to identify progress; (iii) Ensuring that appropriate participatory approaches have been adopted and that appropriate involvement of ethnic minority men and women has been undertaken; and (iv) Identifying issues or complaints and ensuring that the grievance mechanism is effective.

The general methodology for monitoring and evaluation will involve secondary data collection, key informant interviews and participatory rapid appraisal techniques. The field observations, analyses, and overall evaluation methods will be combined. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews and secondary data review will be undertaken to assess the benefits, progress and management of the GAEMDP activities. The PPMU and the Women’s Union, assisted by the Project Coordination Consultants will develop ethnic- and gender segregated monitoring indicators during inception and will prepare quarterly progress reports and will be submitted to the PPC and ADB. 14. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE The Project is expected to commence in January 2012. The GAEMDP activities will be carried out until completion of civil works construction. Table 5: Indicative Implementation Schedule

Main GAEMDP Activities Implementation Schedule Preparation of Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan (GAEMDP) GAEMDP Preparation (consultation) Aug-Sep 2010, March 2011 GAEMDP submission to ADB for review and concurrence April-May 2011 Disclosure of GAEMDP Information Booklet May 2011 GAEMDP uploaded on ADB website May 2011 ADB Management Review Meeting Jun 2011 Loan effectiveness 30 December 2011 Implementation period / Pre Construction Activities January 2012–June 2015 Recruitment of supervision consultant Second quarter 2012 Awareness campaign for HIV/AIDS, human trafficking, road safety Third and fourth quarters 2012-onwards Start of Civil Works Construction First quarter 2013 Supervision of employment of local workers Continuously during construction period HIV/AIDS campaign for contractors Continuously during construction period Awareness campaign for HIV/AIDS, human trafficking, road safety Second and third quarters 2013 Monitoring Second quarter 2012 -onwards

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15. UPLOADING ON ADB WEBSITE This GAEMDP will be uploaded on ADB website before ADB Management Review Meeting. All monitoring reports prepared during loan implementation will be posted on ADB website.

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ANNEX 1: GAEMDP INFORMATION BOOKLET Transport Connections in Northern Mountainous Provinces Project Cao Bang Province

Question: What is the Transport Connections in Northern Mountainous Provinces Project? Answer: the Project will improve Road 202 with a total length of 30.2 km. The road will be upgraded to Class V with a carriageway of 3.5 meters (m) width and an embankment width of 6.5 m.

Question: What are the Project benefits ? Answer: Improved connectivity can bring great benefits to the local population. Access to markets and transport services increases, travel becomes faster and more convenient, and children can safely travel further from home. The quality of rural health, education and other services improves with better accessibility. Because ethnic minorities account for 100% of the population in the project area, and women play an important role in the local economy, the Project’s benefits will directly help ethnic minorities and women.

Questions: Are there any associated risks? Answer: Yes. There are also associated social risks in the improvement of project roads such as HIV/AIDS and human trafficking. Road safety will also be an issue once the road is improved.

Question: How can we benefit from the Project and how can we mitigate or address social risks? Answer: A Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan (GAEMDP) has been prepared. The activities will be lead by the Women’s Union. The content of the GAEMDP is presented in the Table below.

Table 1: Content of the GAEMDP Project outputs Activities and Indicators Responsibilities Time frame Output 1: Project -Contractors will prioritize the use of local - PPMU/Project Coordination Consultant - During roads are unskilled labour (through subcontracting); at will be responsible to ensure this construction rehabilitated least 30% of the labour force will be local clause is included in the contract; unskilled labor; - Commune authorities will submit to the -Among the 30% of local labour, at least 50% contractors the list of interested of unskilled labourers will be female; people; -Male and female unskilled workers will - Women’s Union and Commune receive equal pay for equal work; authorities will be responsible for - Contractors will not employ child labour on ensuring that employment targets are civil works contracts; met. - Persons interested will write their names at village level; commune authorities and village - chiefs will provide names to the contractors; priority will be given to members of the poorest households -Separate male/female latrines / basic facilities will be provided in the construction sites. Output 2: PDOT’s - 25% of the PPMU staff attending adaptation - PPMU staff - During capacity on climate training seminars will be female implementation change adaptation and flexible application of road classification is enhanced Output 3: HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking Campaign - WU at the provincial and commune - Monthly, before Awareness of Community-Based Risk Mitigation Campaign levels will be responsible for the whole and during potential social - The risk mitigation information will be campaign organization (training of construction problems is enhanced delivered to project-affected communes facilitators, materials development) in

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Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan Cao Bang Province among vulnerable and villages using a participatory collaboration with district and people, especially approach with a special focus on the commune health centres. women and ethnic poor, vulnerable households (e.g. ethnic - WU at the village level will be minorities minority groups, households headed by responsible for the dissemination of women, and families with disabled and information elderly members, and out-of-school - Commune/district health centres will youth). assist WU at commune level - Materials will be gender-responsive and - Project Coordination Consultant will culturally- and linguistically-appropriate; include international and national in particular it should be gender and ethnic minority specialists translated/adapted into various ethnic - The gender and EM specialists from minority languages (Dao, Hmong Tay) the Project Coordination Consultants where necessary; will review the existing materials - Training of facilitators will be conducted and, if necessary, supplement the by women’s unions and representatives existing materials from the TA-6467 of HIV/AIDs centres and communes in (REG) and RETA 6467 : HIV the project area; Prevention and Infrastructure: - Campaigns will be conducted at Mitigating Risk in the GMS; commune & village levels by 2 - facilitators per village ( village chief & 1 woman member of the WU) - Campaigns will be conducted at village level and during market days, through distribution of leaflets, use of loud speakers, and presentation of plays; Construction-Setting Risk Mitigation - Contractors - During Campaign - Local health centers construction - PPMU and Contractor will work closely - Commune authorities with health services at the district and - Women’s union will carry out overall commune levels to develop awareness, coordination to create greater synergy training, prevention, diagnosis and on HIV focused activities. treatment programs for workers. - All programs and materials developed will integrate gender issues, including key vulnerabilities and needs of men and women. - In particular contractor will: - Develop awareness programs for the employees and the community including information, education and communication activities that address HIV transmission and promote preventive measures; - Provide voluntary counselling and encourage testing for HIV/AIDS to make sure that all employees know their status; - Facilitate access to health care and be supportive of people who have disclosed their HIV status; - Provide basic medical care and facilities (free condoms) at workers’ camps; Community-based road safety campaign - The Cao Bang Project Management - Monthly, during - PPMU and mass organization will Unit (PPMU will be responsible for the construction conduct campaign on traffic regulations budget allocation; and safety measures in - WU at the provincial level will be communes/villages and schools to raise responsible for the whole campaign awareness of road safety during organization (training of facilitators,

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construction and operation; materials); - Training of facilitators will be undertaken - WU at the commune level will carry out together with the HIV/AIDS human the dissemination of information; trafficking campaign; - The gender and ethnic minority - Facilitators will adapt materials which specialists from the Project are gender sensitive and EM languages Coordination Consultants will review when necessary; the proposed materials and, if - Training of facilitators will be conducted necessary, supplement them; by women’s union and representatives - of PDOT in the project area; - Campaign will be conducted twice in each village and during market days, through distribution of leaflets and loud speaker; - Campaign will also be conducted in schools by teachers who attended the training courses; - Campaign will be conducted at commune and village level by 2 facilitators per village (1 man, village chief & 1 woman member of the WU) Road safety measures - The Cao Bang Project Management - During detailed - Road hazards will be identified and Unit (PPMU); design and removed. - Project Coordination Consultants project - Road and traffic signs and road safety implementation warnings will be installed in strategic locations along the whole length of the road; - Pedestrians crossings will be installed where necessary; - For the safety of children and pedestrians, light poles and speed bumps will be installed at requested locations; - WU and local communities will be consulted for the location of safety facilities; Project Management Gender and development briefing and - Project Coordination Consultants During design and training will be provided to PPMU staff, local - -PPMU initial organizations and contractors. implementation All capacity development activities will nclude targets for female and EM participation.

Question: When will GAEMDP commence? Answer: It is expected to commence on the third quarter of 2012 for a period of 3 years.

Question: Where can we get more information about the GAEMDP? Answer: You can contact PPMU: Mr. To Vinh Hien at PPMU Cao Bang______

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ANNEX 2: DETAILED BUDGET

ACTIVITIES/COSTS Unit Qty Rate (VND) Road 202 I TRAINING AT SUBPROJECT LEVEL Allowance for one Commune WU leader and vice leader x 3 days person 6 50 000 300 000 Travel costs person 6 50 000 300 000 Copying 30 posters on preventing human trafficking for 15 villages x 2 copy (1/2 Ao paper) poster 30 50 000 1 500 000 Allowance for 1 teacher from primary school and one teacher from basic secondary school person 6 50 000 300 000 Travel costs person 6 50 000 300 000 15 poster ( Ao paper) for one school x 2 (10 poster on safety transportation, 10 posters on preventing human trafficking, 10 posters on HIV/AIDs) poster 30 50 000 1 500 000 Allowance for one Commune leader person 3 50 000 150 000 Travel costs person 3 50 000 150 000 Copying 30 posters on safety transportation for 15 villages x 2 (1/2 Ao paper) poster 30 50 000 1 500 000 Allowance for 1 assistance doctor from commune health care center person 3 50 000 150 000 Travel costs for this assistance doctor person 3 50 000 150 000 Copying 30 posters on HIV/AIDS prevention for 15 villages x 2 (1/2Ao paper) poster 30 50 000 1 500 000 Allowance for a Commune Youth Union leader person 3 50 000 150 000 Travel costs person 3 50 000 150 000 Tea break for 7 person x 3 days person 21 10 000 210 000 copy and stationary for 7 person x days day 21 10 000 210 000 Total expenditure for 1 day training course for trainees 8 520 000 SUB TOTAL I: 34 080 000 Allowance for trainers: Provincial Women Union (2 day for travelling and 1 days for teaching, 1 day for preparing materials) day 3 1 000 000 3 000 000 Accommodation for the teacher night 2 200 000 400 000 stationary for teacher on preventing human trafficking day 1 200 000 200 000 Allowance for trainer Provincial HIV/AIDS center (2 day for travelling and 1 days for teaching, 1 day for preparing materials, 1 day for writing report) day 3 1 000 000 3 000 000

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Accommodation for the trainer night 2 200 000 400 000 stationary for teacher on preventing human trafficking day 1 200 000 200 000 Allowance for a trainer come from Provincial Safety transportation board center (2 day for travelling and 1 days for teaching, 1 day for preparing materials, 1 day for writing report) day 3 1 000 000 3 000 000 Accommodation for the trainers night 2 200 000 400 000 stationary for trainer on preventing human trafficking day 1 200 000 200 000 Renting car for 3 trainers day 4 800 000 3 200 000 Perdiem for driver day 4 200 000 600 000

Allowance for a trainer from District Women Union (1 day for travelling and 3 days for teaching) day 3 500 000 1 500 000 Accommodation for the trainer from District WU night 2 100 000 200 000 Hire commune hall day 3 200 000 600 000 SUB-TOTAL II: Expenditures for provincial trainers and hire commune hall 16 900 000 II TRAINING AT COMMUNE LEVEL Allowance for 2 commune facilitators (CF) x 15 villages x 3 days (one female CF and one male CF in each village) person 90 50 000 4 500 000 Travel costs person 90 50 000 4 500 000 Hire commune hall day 3 200 000 600 000 Copy, stationary person 90 10 000 900 000 Cake and tea for 3 days training course day 90 10 000 900 000 Allowance for 1 trainer from commune Women Union leader (1 days for teaching, 1 day for preparing materials) day 2 200 000 400 000 Allowance for 1 trainer come from commune health care center (1 day for training and 1 day for preparing materials) day 2 200 000 400 000 Allowance for 1 trainer on safety transportation (1 day for training and 1 day for preparing materials) day 2 200 000 400 000 stationary for trainers day 3 300 000 900 000 Total Training Course at Commune Level 13 500 000 SUB TOTAL III: 90 50 000 4 500 000 III DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION Allowance for 2 CF x 15 villages x 6 month x 200,000 vnd/month; (one female CF and one male CF month 180 200 000 36 000 000

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Gender Action and Ethnic Minority Development Plan Cao Bang Province

in each village) Tea and sugars for 2 times/ month x 15 villages x 6 month times 180 50 000 9 000 000 Allowance for a commune women leader to go to 1 village/week to support CF disseminating information human trafficking (4 times/4 villages month x 6 month) times 24 50 000 1 200 000

Allowance for a commune women vice leader to go to 1 village/week to support CF disseminating information human trafficking (4 times/4 villages month x 6 month) times 24 50 000 1 200 000 Allowance for a commune assistance doctor to go to 1 village/week to support CF disseminating information on HIV/AIDS (4 times/4 villages month x 6 month) times 24 50 000 1 200 000 Allowance for a commune law staff to go to 1 village/week to support CF disseminating information human trafficking (4 times/4 villages month x 6 month) times 24 50 000 1 200 000 Allowance for a commune Youth Union leader to go to 1 village/week to support CF disseminating information human trafficking (4 times/4 villages month x 6 month) times 24 50 000 1 200 000 Allowance for a primary school teacher to disseminate information on safety transportation in her school in 6 month times 24 50 000 1 200 000 Allowance for a basic secondary school teacher to disseminate information on safety transportation in her school in 6 month times 24 50 000 1 200 000 Copy, stationary, documents for households in 15 villages (300.000 vnd/ 1 village x 15 villages) village 15 100 000 1500000 Loud-speaker for commune Women Union leader Loud speaker 1 500 000 500 000 Tape Tape 1 2 000 000 2 000 000 Amplifying Amplifying 1 500 000 500 000 show play in commune market in every 2 month in 6 month (3 month before implementing project and 3 month since starting project) play 3 500 000 1 500 000 Total Dissemination of Information 59 400 000 SUB TOTAL IV: 237 600 000 GRAND TOTAL I + II +III + IV 342 580 000 $ 16 416

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