Zhao Liu, M.D., Ph.D

Zhao Liu, M.D., Ph.D.

Clinical Assistant Professor in Pediatric Neurology Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Neurology University of Florida Health Science Center P. O. Box 100296 Gainesville, FL 32610 Tel: (352) 273 6915 Fax: (352) 392 9802 Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in Neurobiology, 1991 University Louis Pasteur Strasbourg I, Strasbourg, France

Master’s Degree in Neurophysiology, 1987 Brain Research Institute, Shenyang, P.R. China

M.D, 1984 China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China

POSTGRADUATE TRAINING

Pediatric Neurology Resident, 7/2001 – 6/2004 Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, GA

Intern in Pediatrics, 7/2000 - 6/2001 Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA

Sub-Intern in Pediatrics, 4/2000 - 6/2000 Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA

Postdoctoral Fellow in Neurology, 12/1992 – 9/1998 Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

Postdoctoral Fellow in Neurology, 11/1991- 11/1992 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and McGill University, Montreal, Canada

MEDICAL LICENSURE

Florida Medical License (ME93691) – 2004 -

BOARD CERTIFICATION

American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology with special qualification in Child Neurology (No 11589) - 2007-

ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS

Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, 7/2008 – Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, 9/2004 – 6/2008 Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL

Instructor in Neurology, 7/1995 – 9/1998 Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA

Postdoctoral Fellow in Neurology, 12/1992 - 6/1995 Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA

Postdoctoral Fellow in Neurrology, 11/1991- 11/1992 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and McGill University, Montreal, Canada

HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS

Attending Pediatric Neurologist, 2004 - University of Florida/Shands Children’s Hospital, Gainesville, Florida

Pediatric Epilepsy Staff Physician, 2005 - University of Florida/Shands Children’s Hospital, Gainesville, Florida

HONORS AND AWARDS

• Epilepsy Foundation of America Research Award, 1993 -1994 • Doctorate with highest honor, University Louis Pasteur, 1991 • French Government Research Fellowship, 1990-1991 • Del Duca Research Fellowship, France, 1989-1991

RESEARCH INTERESTS

• Mechanisms of epileptogenesis • Effect of seizures on developing brain • Novel therapy for intractable epilepsy in children • Epilepsy surgery evaluation in children

REFERED PUBLICATIONS

1. Zhang Q, Liu Z, Carney PR Yuan Z, Chen HX, Roper SN and Jiang H, Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography, phys Med Biol, 2008, 53 (7) 1921-31.

2. Wang Q, Liang X, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Carney P and Jiang H, Visualizing localized dynamic changes during epileptic seizure onset in vivo with diffuse optical tomography, Med Phys, 2008, 35 (1) 216-24.

3. Simonotto J, Myers SM, Furman MD, Norman W, Liu Z, DeMarse T, Carney PR, Ditto WL. Coherence analysis over the latent period of epileptogenesis reveals that high-frequency communication is increased across hemispheres in an animal model of limbic epilepsy. Proceedings of the 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, 2006, 1154-1156.

4. Mishra M, Jones B, Simonotto JD, Furman MD, Norman WM, Liu Z, DeMarse, Carney PR, WL. Ditto WL. Preictal correlation and entropy analysis of microwire data from an animal model of limbic epilepsy. Proceedings of the 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, 2006, 1605-1607.

5. Nelson R, Myers SM, Simonotto JD, Furman MD, Spano ML, Norman WM, Liu Z, DeMarse TB, Carney PR, Ditto WL. Detection of high frequency oscillations with teager energy in an animal model of limbic epilepsy. Proceedings of the 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, 2006, 2578 - 2580.

6. Holmes, GL, Khazipov R, Liu Z, Sarkisian, MR and Stafstrom, CE, Behavioral consequences of status epilepticus in the immature brain, in Status Epilepticus: Mechanism and Management, Wasterlain CG and Treiman DM (Eds), 2006, The MIT Press, pp 399-406.

7. Neill JC, Liu Z., Mikati M. & Holmes G.L., Pilocarpine seizures cause age-dependent impairment in auditory location discrimination, Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005, 84(11) 357-370.

8. Mikati M.A., Holmes G.L, Werner S., Bakkar N., Carmant L, Z. Liu, and C.E. Stafstrom. Effects of nimodipine on the behavioral sequalae of experimental status epilepticus in prepubescent rats. Epilepsy Beh. 2004, 5: 168-174. 9. Mikati MA, Werner S, Shehab L, Shamseddine A, Simaan E, Liu Z, Tarif S, Stafstrom CE, Holmes GL. Stages of status epilepticus in the developing brain. Epilepsy Res, 2003 :55, 9-19. 10. Holmes GL, Yang Y, Liu Z, Cermak JM, Sarkisian MR, Stafstrom CE, Neill JC, Blusztajn JK., Seizure- induced memory impairment is reduced by choline supplementation before or after status epilepticus, Epilepsy Res. 2002 Jan;48(1-2):3-13.

11. Neill JC, Sarkisian MR, Wang Y, Liu Z, Yu L, Tandon P, Zhang G, Holmes GL, Geller AI., Enhanced auditory reversal learning by genetic activation of protein kinase C in small groups of rat hippocampal neurons, Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2001 Sep 30;93(2):127-36.

12. Cilio MR, Bolanos AR, Liu Z, Schmid R, Yang Y, Stafstrom CE, Mikati MA, Holmes GL., Anticonvulsant action and long-term effects of gabapentin in the immature brain, Neuropharmacology. 2001;40(1):139-47.

13. Silveira DC, Klein P, Ransil BJ, Liu Z, Hori A, Holmes GL, de LaCalle S, Elmquist J, Herzog AG., Lateral asymmetry in activation of hypothalamic neurons with unilateral amygdaloid seizures., Epilepsia. 2000 Jan; 41(1):34-41.

14. Yang Y, Liu Z, Cermak JM, Tandon P, Sarkisian MR, Stafstrom CE, Neill JC, Blusztajn JK, Holmes GL., Protective effects of prenatal choline supplementation on seizure-induced memory impairment., J Neurosci. 2000 Nov 15; 20(22):RC109.

15. Liu Z, Yang Y, Silveira DC, Sarkisian MR, Tandon P, Huang LT, Stafstrom CE, Holmes GL., Consequences of recurrent seizures during early brain development, Neuroscience. 1999; 92(4):1443-54.

16. Sarkisian MR, Holmes GL, Carmant L, Liu Z, Yang Y, Stafstrom CE. Effects of hyperthermia and continuous hippocampal stimulation on the immature and adult brain., Brain Dev. 1999 Jul;21(5):318-25.

17. Holmes GL, Sarkisian M, Ben-Ari Y, Liu Z, Chevassus-Au-Louis N. Consequences of cortical dysplasia during development in rats. Epilepsia. 1999 May; 40(5):537-44.

18. Muller-Schwarze AB, Tandon P, Liu Z, Yang Y, Holmes GL, Stafstrom CE. Ketogenic diet reduces spontaneous seizures and mossy fiber sprouting in the kainic acid model. Neuroreport. 1999 May 14; 10(7):1517-22.

19. Mikati MA, Werner S, Gatt A, Liu Z, Rahmeh AA, Rachid RA, Stafstrom CE, Holmes GL., Consequences of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor blockade during status epilepticus in the developing brain., Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1999 Mar 12;113(1-2):139-42.

20. Silveira DC, Liu Z, de LaCalle S, Lu J, Klein P, Holmes GL, Herzog AG. Activation of the locus coeruleus after amygdaloid kindling. Epilepsia. 1998 Dec; 39(12):1261-4.

21. Yang Y*, Tandon P, Liu Z, Sarkisian MR, Stafstrom CE, Holmes GL. Synaptic reorganization following kainic acid-induced seizures during development. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1998 May 15; 107(2):169-77.

22. Jensen FE, Wang C, Stafstrom CE, Liu Z, Geary C, Stevens MC., Acute and chronic increases in excitability in rat hippocampal slices after perinatal hypoxia In vivo., J Neurophysiol. 1998 Jan; 79(1):73- 81.

23. Silveira DC, Liu Z, Holmes GL, Schomer DL, Schachter SC. Seizures in rats treated with kainic acid induce Fos-like immunoreactivity in locus coeruleus. Neuroreport. 1998 May 11; 9(7):1353-7.

24. Liu Z, Holmes GL., Basic fibroblast growth factor is highly neuroprotective against seizure-induced long- term behavioral deficits, Neuroscience. 1997 Feb; 76(4):1129-38.

25. Liu Z, Holmes GL., Basic fibroblast growth factor-induced seizures in rats, Neurosci Lett. 1997 Sep 19; 233(2-3):85-8.

26. Liu Z, Stafstrom CE, Sarkisian MR, Yang Y, Hori A, Tandon P, Holmes GL. Seizure-induced glutamate release in mature and immature animals: an in vivo microdialysis study, Neuroreport. 1997 May 27; 8(8):2019-23.

27. Stafstrom CE, Tandon P, Hori A, Liu Z, Mikati MA, Holmes GL., Acute effects of MK801 on kainic acid- induced seizures in neonatal rats., Epilepsy Res. 1997 Jan;26(2):335-44.

28. Sarkisian MR, Tandon P, Liu Z, Yang Y, Hori A, Holmes GL, Stafstrom CE. Multiple kainic acid seizures in the immature and adult brain: ictal manifestations and long-term effects on learning and memory. Epilepsia. 1997 Nov; 38(11):1157-66.

29. Liu Z, Stafstrom CE, Sarkisian M, Tandon P, Yang Y, Hori A, Holmes GL. Age-dependent effects of glutamate toxicity in the hippocampus, Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1996 Dec 23; 97(2):178-84.

30. Neill JC, Liu Z, Sarkisian M, Tandon P, Yang Y, Stafstrom CE, Holmes GL. Recurrent seizures in immature rats: effect on auditory and visual discrimination., Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1996 Sep 2;95(2):283-92.

31. Tandon P, Liu Z, Stafstrom CE, Sarkisian M, Werner SJ, Mikati M, Yang Y, Holmes GL., Long-term effects of excitatory amino acid antagonists NBQX and MK-801 on the developing brain., Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1996 Sep 2;95(2):256-62.

32. Liu Z, Mikati M, Holmes GL., Mesial temporal sclerosis: pathogenesis and significance, Pediatr Neurol. 1995 Jan; 12(1):5-16.

33. Carmant L, Liu Z, Werner SJ, Mikati MA, Holmes GL., Effect of kainic acid-induced status epilepticus on inositol-trisphosphate and seizure-induced brain damage in mature and immature animals., Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1995 Oct 27;89(1):67-72.

34. Liu Z, Gatt A, Werner SJ, Mikati MA, Holmes GL., Long-term behavioral deficits following pilocarpine seizures in immature rats, Epilepsy Res. 1994 Dec;19(3):191-204.

35. Liu Z, Nagao T, Desjardins GC, Gloor P, Avoli M., Quantitative evaluation of neuronal loss in the dorsal hippocampus in rats with long-term pilocarpine seizures, Epilepsy Res. 1994 Mar;17(3):237-47.

36. Mikati MA, Holmes GL, Chronopoulos A, Hyde P, Thurber S, Gatt A, Liu Z, Werner S, Stafstrom CE., Phenobarbital modifies seizure-related brain injury in the developing brain., Ann Neurol. 1994 Sep;36(3):425-33

37. Liu Z, Gatt A, Mikati M, Holmes GL., Effect of temperature on kainic acid-induced seizures, Brain Res. 1993 Dec 17;631(1):51-8.

38. Holmes GL, Thurber SJ, Liu Z, Stafstrom CE, Gatt A, Mikati MA., Effects of quisqualic acid and glutamate on subsequent learning, emotionality, and seizure susceptibility in the immature and mature animal, Brain Res. 1993 Oct 1;623(2):325-8.

39. Liu Z, D'Amore PA, Mikati M, Gatt A, Holmes GL., Neuroprotective effect of chronic infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor on seizure-associated hippocampal damage, Brain Res. 1993 Oct 29; 626(1- 2):335-8.

40. Liu Z, Vergnes M, Depaulis A, Marescaux C., Involvement of intrathalamic GABAB neurotransmission in the control of absence seizures in the rat, Neuroscience. 1992; 48(1):87-93.

41. Marescaux C, Vergnes M, Liu Z., Depaulis A, Bernasconi R., GABAB receptor involvement in the control of genetic absence seizures in rats., Epilepsy Res Suppl. 1992;9:131-8; discussion 138-9.

42. Marescaux C, Liu Z, Bernasconi R, Vergnes M, GABAB receptors are involved in the occurrence of absence seizures in rats, pharmacology communications, 1992, 1; 57-52

43. Liu Z, Vergnes M, Depaulis A, Marescaux C., Evidence for a critical role of GABAergic transmission within the thalamus in the genesis and control of absence seizures in the rat, Brain Res. 1991 Apr 5;545(1- 2):1-7.

44. Liu Z, Snead OC III, Vergnes M, Depaulis A, Marescaux C., Intrathalamic injections of gamma- hydroxybutyric acid increase genetic absence seizures in rats, Neurosci Lett. 1991 Apr 15; 125(1):19-21

45. Depaulis A, Marescaux C, Liu Z, Vergnes M., The GABAergic nigro-collicular pathway is not involved in the inhibitory control of audiogenic seizures in the rat., Neurosci Lett. 1990 Apr 6; 111(3):269-74.

46. Depaulis A, Vergnes M, Liu Z, Kempf E, Marescaux C., Involvement of the nigral output pathways in the inhibitory control of the substantia nigra over generalized non-convulsive seizures in the rat, Neuroscience. 1990; 39(2):339-49.

47. Depaulis A, Liu Z, Vergnes M, Marescaux C, Micheletti G, Warter JM. Suppression of spontaneous generalized non-convulsive seizures in the rat by microinjection of GABA antagonists into the superior colliculus. Epilepsy Res. 1990 Apr; 5(3):192-8.

48. Liu Z, Seiler N, Marescaux C, Depaulis A, Vergnes M., Potentiation of gamma-vinyl GABA (vigabatrin) effects by glycine, Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Jun 21; 182(1):109-15.

BOOK CHAPTERS

1. Holmes, GL, Khazipov R, Liu Z, Sarkisian, MR and Stafstrom, CE, Behavioral consequences of status epilepticus in the immature brain, in Status Epilepticus: Mechanism and Management, Wasterlain CG and Treiman DM (Eds), 2006, The MIT Press, pp 399-406.

2. Zhao Liu, Febrile seizures, in Pediatric Neurology, Paul Carney and James D. Geyer, (Eds), McGraw- Hill Companies (McGraw-Hill), in press.

ABSTRACTS

1. Snively C, Carney PR, Liu Z, Ringdahl D, Winger K, Jackson C, Singh T, Little LE, and Borum PR, Developing an Evidence-Based Ketogenic Therapy Program for Treatment of Epilepsy, Epilepsia, 2006, 47 (S4) 338.

2. Lan BH, Hector S, Mansi P, Angela H, Norman W, Sanchez JC, Ditto WL, King MA, Carney PR, Liu Z, and Mareci TH, MRI Measurements at 17.6 Tesla in an Animal Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Correlated with Histological Analysis, Epilepsia, 2006, 47 (S4) 309.

3. Zhang Q, Liu Z, Jiang H, and Paul R. C, Imaging of Epilepsy Using Photoacoustic Tomography, Epilepsia, 2006, 47 (S4) 89.

4. Sanchez JC, Liu Z, and Carney PR. Identifying the Seizure Onset Zone using Amplitude Modulated Slow Potentials, Gamma, Fast Gamma, and Neural Ensemble Activity. Epilepsia. 2006, 47 (S4) 148.

5. Liu, Z., Tendon, P., Yang, Y., Sakisian, M. R., Stafstrom, C. E. and Holmes, G. L., Modification of seizure- induced cognitive deficits by long-term choline supplementation. Epilepsia, 1997, 38 (suppl) 7.

6. Liu, Z., Yang, Y., Sakisian, M. R., Tandon, P., Hori, A., Stafstrom, C. E. and Holmes, G. L., Recurrent seizures in immature rats: Effect on hippocampal mossy fiber srouting, Society for Neuroscience Abstract., 1997, 23. p2156.

7. Bolanos, A. R., Sarkisian, M., Hori, A., Helmers, S. L, Tandon, P.,Yang, Y.*, Liu, Z., Stafstrom, C. E. and Holmes, G. L. Effects of antiepileptic medications on the developing brain. Neurology, 1997 48, (S2)152.

8. Tandon, P., Sarkisian, M., Yang, Y., Liu, Z., Hori, A., Bolanos, A. R., Stafstrom, C. E., and Holmes, G. L. The neuroprotective role of BDNF in seizure-induced neuronal loss during development. Neurology, 1997, 48 (S2)151.

9. Tandon, P., Pinter, J., Yang, Y., Liu, Z., Sakisian, M. R., Stafstrom, C. E. and Holmes, G. L., Expression of GAP- 43 in the hippocampus following kainic acid-induced seizures during development, Epilepsia, 1997, 38 (S4) 13.

10. Tandon, P., Sarkisian, M., Yang, Y., Hori, A. Liu, Z., Stafstrom, C. E. and Holmes, G. L. Neuroprotective effects of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in seizure during development. J. Neurochem., 1997, 69 (supp.) S198B.

11. Hori, A., Helmers, S. L., Bolanos, A. R., Liu, Z., Yang, Y., Tandon, P., Sarkisian, M., Stafstrom, C. E., and Holmes, G. L. Age-dependent EEG abnormalities produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in rats. Neurology, 1997, 48 (S2)346.

12. Yang, Y., Cermak, J., Sarkisian, M., Tandon, P., Liu, Z., Neill, J. and Holmes, Z. Effects of prenatal choline supplementation on seizure-induced brain damage: Neurochemical and Behavioral studies. J. Neurochem., 1997 69 (supp.) S251B.

13. Yang, Y., Neill, J. C., Cermak, J. M., Liu, Z,, Tandon, P, Sarkisian, M. R., Hori, A., Stafstrom, C. E. and Holmes, G. L., The effects of choline supplementation and deficit on kainic acid-induced brain damage, Epilepsia, 1997, 38 (S4) 7.

14. Yang, Y., Liu, Z,, Tandon, P, Sarkisian, M. R., Hori, A., Stafstrom, C. E. and Holmes, G. L., Synaptic reorganization following kainic acid-induced seizures during development. Society for Neuroscience Abstract., 23 (1997) p2155.

15. Silveira, D. C., Klein, P., Liu, Z., Holmes, G. L., Elmquist, J. de la Calle, S., Saper, C. B. and Herzog, A. G., Laterized asymmetry in activation of hypothalamic neurons with unilateral amygdaloid seizures, Neurology, 1997, 48 (S2) 2.

16. Sakisian, M. R., Holmes, G. L., Liu, Z., Silveira, D. C., Chevassus-Au-Louis, N. and Ben-Ari, Y., Freeze lesions in the newborn rat induce physiological changes in the hippocampus but not alter kindling susceptibility, Epilepsia, 38 (1997) 22.

17. Klein, P., Silveira, D. C., Liu, Z., Holmes, G. L., Elmquist, J. de la Calle, S., Saper, C. B. and Herzog, A. G., Asymmetric activation of hypothalamic neurons with unilateral amygdaloid seizures in male rats, European Federation of Neurological Science Abstract, 1997, Suppl., A27.

18. Cole, A., Koh, S., Liu, Z. and Holmes, G. L., DNA fragmentation in developing brain after kainate-induced seizures, Epilepsia, 38 (1997) 40.

19. Liu, Z., Stafstrom, C. E., Yang, Y., Sarkisian, M. R., Hori, A., Tandon, P. and Holmes, G. L. A focal lesion in the mesial temporal lobe of newborn rats results in hippocampal electroencephalographic seizures later in life, Epilepsia, 1996, 37(5) 49.

20. Neill, J. C., Alvarez, N., Liu, Z., Holmes, G. L., Auditory location discrimination is impaired by seizures early in development in humans and rats. Proceedings of 7th Annual Berkshire Conference on Behavior Analysis and Therapy. 7 (1996)112.

21. Yang, Y., Stafstrom, C. E., Liu, Z., Tandon, P., Hori, A., Sarkisian, M. R. and Holmes, G. L. The sodium channel blocker BW1003C87 reduces behavioral sequelae following kainic acid seizures in adult rats. Epilepsia, 37 (1996), Suppl. 5:39.

22. Hori, A., Tandon, P., Z. Liu, Y. Yang, Holmes, G. L. and C.E. Stafstrom, Effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine on ketaogenic diet-induced alteration of afterdischarge threshold and seizure threshold in kindled adult rats, Epilepsia, 1996, 37 (5) 74.

23. Sarkisian, M. R., Tandon, P, Stafstrom, C. E., Liu, Z,, Yang, Y., Hori, A. and Holmes, G. L., Effects of repeated kainic acid seizures in the immature rat: a decrease in seizure intensity and long-term consequences. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 99 (1996)10.

24. Liu, Z, Neill, J.C., Stafstrom, C.E., Holmes, G.L., Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on seizure-induced long-term behavioral deficits. Epilepsia, 1995, 36 (suppl) 19.

25. Stafstrom, C. E., Liu, Z., and Holmes, G. L., MK801 exacerbates kainic acid-induced seizures in neonatal rats, 24th Annual Meeting of Child Neurology Society Abstract, 1995 (suppl) 17.

26. Sarkisian, M.R., Liu, Z., Mikati, M. and Holmes, G.L., Impairment of memory following prolonged seiures, EAEEG, 1995. Abst. P2.

27. Neill, J. C., Mikati, M.A., Liu, Z., Paine, R, Sarkisian, M., Holmes, G. L., Effects on auditory discrimination of phenobarbital and nimodipine treatment for status epilepticus. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 21(1995)778.

28. Werner, S., Holmes, G.L., Liu, Z., Rainer, P., Carment, L. and Mikati, M., Effects of excitatory amino acid antagonists NBQX amd MK-801 on the developing brain, 24th Annual Meeting of Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 11, 1994, p398.

29. Liu, Z., Holmes, G.L., Mikati, M., Lombroso, C.T., and Jensen, F.E., Topographic study of electroencephalograghic seiures following hypoxia in immature rats, 24th Annual Meeting of Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 1994, p344.

30. Liu, Z., Mikati, M., Gatt, A. and Holmes, G.L., Effect of kindling on kainic acid-induced seizures in the immature rat, Epilepsia, 1994, 35 (Suppl) 61.

31. Liu, Z., Mikati, M., Gatt, A. and Holmes, G.L., Effects of hyperthermia on kainic acid-induced seizures in immature rats, Epilapsia, 1993, 34 (suppl) 6.

32. Liu, Z., Gatt, A. Mikati, M., Neill, J. and Holmes, G.L., Behavioral deficits following long-term pilocarpine seizures in immature rats, 23th Annual Meeting of Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 19, 1993, p393.

33. Neill, J., Liu, Z., Gatt, A., Mikati, M. and Holmes, G.L., Pilocarpine-induced seizures impair acquisition of auditory discriminations using local cues, 23th Annual Meeting of Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 19 (1993) p394.

34. Mikati, M., Gatt, A., Werner, S., Liu, Z., and Holmes, G.L., Effects of NBQX on ainic acid induced seizures in the developing brain, 23th Annual Meeting of Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 19 (1993) p394.

35. Mikati, M., Chronopoulos, A., Gatt, A., Hyde, P., Liu, Z., Werner, S. and Holmes, G.L., Mechanisms and prevention of brain damage in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy, Annual Meeting of Child Neurology Society, Suppl.1993, p15.

36. Mikati, M., Werner, S., Gatt, A., Liu, Z., Holmes, G.L., The role of AMPA receptors in producing brain damage after prolonged status epilepticus in the developing brain, Annual Meeting of Child Neurology Society, Suppl. 1993, p11.

37. Werner, S., Gatt, A., Liu, Z., Holmes, G.L. and Mikati, M., Acute effects of nimodipine on kainic acid induced seizures in prepubescent rat, 23th Annual Meeting of Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 19 (1993) p394.

38. Neill, J.C., Liu, Z., Gatt, A., Mikati, M. and Holmes, G. L., Pilocarpine seizures in the immature rat cause an age- dependent long-term impairment of auditory location discrimination. Epilepsia, 34 (1993) 6.

39. Liu, Z., Gatt, A., Hyde, P., Mikati, M. and Holmes, G.L., Effect of body temperature on kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, EAEEG Abstract., p8.

40. Vergnes, M., Marescaux, C. and Liu, Z., Intrathalamic microinjections of GABA receptor agonists in rats with genetic absence seizures, Focus on Epilepsy, Suppl. 1991, p2.

41. Liu, Z., Vergnes, M., Marescaux, C. and Depaulis, A., Intrathalamic injections of GABAmimetics: effects on absence seizures in rats, Epilepsia, 1990, 31 (supple) 659.

42. Snead III, O.C., Liu, Z., Depaulis, A., Vergnes, M., Marescaux, C. and Bourguignon, J.J., The effect of intrathalamic gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid in rats with and without spontaneous spike and wave discharges, Epilepsia, 31 (1990) 651.

43. Vergnes, M., Marescaux, C., Depaulis, A., Liu, Z, Micheletti, G., Lanne, B. and Warter, J.M., Rôle du thalamus dans la genèse de pointes-ondes chez des rats atteints d'une épilepsie généralisée non-convulsive spontanée, 3ème Colloque National des Neurosciences, Montpellier, Suppl.1989, p224.

44. Depaulis, A., Vergnes, M., Liu, Z., Marescaux, C., Suppression of spontaneous generalized non convulsive seizures in rat by microinjection of GABA antagonists into the superior colliculus, 12th Congr. Abst. in Eur. J. Neurosci., Suppl. 1989, 2:54

45. Depaulis, A., Vergnes, M., Liu, Z., Marescaux, C., Involvement of the nigro-collicular GABAergic pathway in the inhibitory control of the substantia nigra over spontaneous generalized non-convulsive seizures in rats, Epilepsia, 30 (1989) 708.