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Tome Xii-1974 N° 4 ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES SOCIALES ET POLITIQUES INSTITUT D'ÉTUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES TOME XII-1974N° 4 Démographie et sociologic Problèmes d'histoire politique Contacts culturels Voyageurs et réalités sud-est européennes EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLIC!! SOCIALISTE ROMANIA www.dacoromanica.ro Comité de rédaction M. BERZA membre correspondant de l'Académie de la République Socialiste de Roumanie rédacteur en chef ; ALEXANDRU DUTU rédacteur en chef adjoint ; EM. CONDURACHI, A. ROSETTI, membres de l'Académie de la République Socialiste de Rou- manie ;H. MIHAESCU, COSTIN MURGESCU, D. M. PIPPIDI, membres correspondants de l'Acadérnie de la République Socialiste de Roumanie ;AL. ELIAN, VALENTIN GEORGESCU, FR. PALL, MIHAI POP, EUGEN STANESCU La REVUE DES ETUDES SUD-EST EUROPEENNES paratt 4 fois par an. Toute commande de l'étranger (fascicules ou abonnement) sera adressée a ROM- PRESFILATELIA", Botte postale 2001, Telex 011631, Bucarest Roumanie, ou a ses représentants a l'étranger. La correspondance, les manuscris et les publications (livres, revues, etc.) envoy& pour comptes rendusserontadressésa L'INSTITUT D'ETUDES SUD-EST EUROPEENNES, Bucarest, sectorul 1str.I.C. Frimu, 9, télephone 50.75.25. pour la REVUE DES ETUDES SUD-EST EUROPEENNES. Les articles seront remis dactylographiés en trois exemplaires. Les collaborateurs sont priés de ne pas dépasser les limites de 25-30 pages dactylo- graphiées pour les articles et de 5-8 pages pour les comptes rendus. EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLIC!! SOCIALISTE ROMANIA str. Gutenberg, 3 bis, télephone 1640 79, Bucure0 Romania www.dacoromanica.ro ETUDES 11110PBE1111E'S TOME XII 1974 N° 4 SOMMAIRE Démographie et sociologie G. CARP CLIMA, Changements démographiques récents dans les pays du Sud- Est européen 453 Problemes d'histoire politigue V. LIVEANU, Le probléme du pouvoir dans l'insurrection nationale armée antifasciste et antiimpérialiste en Roumanie 471 DAN BERINDEI, Jules Michelet et l'Europe orientale 485 LIDIA DEMINTY, OcBo6ognTearmag BotinayriparirrcitoroHapoga 1648-1654 rogon11 10ro-BomPirrair Esporra 499 DAN IONESCU, Ideal and Representation. The Ideal of the Restoration of the Byzan- tine Empire during the Reign of .5erban Cantacuzino (1678-1688) 523 Contacts cultureis PAUL CERNOVODEANU, Les ceuvres de Démètre Cantemir présentées parActa eru- ditorum s de Leipzig (1714-1738) 537 Voyageurs et re'alités sud-est européennes ALF LOMBARD (Lund), Les terres roumaines vues par un voyageur suédois en 1657 551 TREVOR J. HOPE (Oxford), The Journey of an English Aristocrat through the Balkans in 1801 : The Travel Diaries of Colonel, Lord William Bentinck, M.P. .. 561 DiSeUSSi0918. Notes breves Une mention inconnue des Vlaques A la fin du XIIle siécle : Maximos Planude, Epistulae, XIV (édition Treu)(Nicolae-.5erban Tanafocal; Notice sur les rapports de Frédéric II de Hohenstaufen avec Jean III Vatatzès (Stelian Brezeanu) *u sujet des illus- trations de l'Histoire ottomane de Cantemir (Mikhalla Stalnova, Sofia); Was Quin's 'Moldavian Adventurer' Slugerul Burada ? (E. D. Tappe, London) .. 577 Chronique Echos de l'Institut d'études sud-est européennes de Bucarest (Juillet 1973 juin 1974) (Anca lancu) . 591 REV. ÉTUDES SUD-EST EUROP., XII, 4, P. 451-620, BUCAREST, 1974 www.dacoromanica.ro 452 Comptes rendus PAUL CERNOVODEANU_ Societatea feudalä ,romAneascä NAiutä de cAliitori sträini (secolele XVXVIII) (Zamfira Mihail); I. GAMULESCU, 81érhente de origine sirbocroatil ale vocabularului dacoromän (H. Mihaescu); FILIPPOS I. ILIOU, flpocr0i5xcçCITipiXX-avtxilvfiti3Xtoypoccpta A. TSE fitfiXtoypacptxckxctrciXotTra -ro5 Legrand Ka/ TOTS H. Pernot (1517 1799) (Cornelia Papacostea-Danielo- polu); Bulgarische Volksmärchen (Ion Ta1o) 595 Notices bibliographiques 603 Livres reps 611 Tables des matières, tome XII (1974) 615 www.dacoromanica.ro Démographie et sociologie CHANGEMENTS DÉMOGRAPHIQUES RÉCENTS DANS LES PAYS DU SUD-EST EUROPÉEN G. CARP CLIMA A n.otre époque, les problèmes de la population augmentent en importan.ce de jour en. jour ; la raison du phén.omène réside dan.s ses larges implications daus différents domain.es : développement écon.omique, mise en valeur des ressources, environnement, standard de vie, progrès social, santé, organisation politique, relation.s internationales. Par leurs effets conjugués, Paccroissement rapide de la population., la transformation radicale de ses structures, les phénomèn.es de migration à vaste échelle répercutent sur l'homme, marquant sa vie de plus en plus profondément, modélant d'une manière décisive la société. A l'heure actuelle, l'humanité semble avoir pris con.science de l'importance de ces problèmes, de leur con.- nexité avec le destin de notre civilisation. En effet, l'opinion publique est deveuue particulièrement sensible aux questions se rapportant au déve- loppement de la population ; les hommes de science se penchent avec une attention de plus eu plus grande sur les corrélations dan.s ce domaine, les gouvern.ements achent de suivre des politiques démographiques adé- quates et les organisations intern.ation.ales conceinées abordent le pro- blème de son point de vue mondial1 Facteur actif du développement par sa composante la force de tra- vail et, en même temps, objectif réclamant la satisfaction de toute une série de besoins, la population rep/ ésente une variable primordiale des programmes et des plans de développement de chaque pays2.Dans une perspective plus large, les progrès d'un.e nation, la position d'un pays sur le plan intern.ational, la place et la mission historique de chaque peuple sont conditionnés par l'état démographique. La problématique de la population fait partie de la sphère des intérêts fon.damentaux d'un Etat et constitue, par conséquent, une préoccupation politique de la plus haute responsabilité. C'est de la compétence de chaque Etat en tant qu.'attri- 1Philip M. Hauser (Ed.), The population dilemma, 2nd edition. The American AssemblY, Columbia University, Englewood Cliffs, 1969; Stanley Johnson, The population problem, A Hal- sted Press Book, New York, 1973. 2Questions démographiques et !curs rapports avec la stratégie pour la Deuxième Décennie des Nations Untes pour le Développement, Nations Unies, Commission de la Population, New York, 1972; The determinants and consequences of population trends. New summary of findings on interaction of demografic, economic and social factors, vol. I, United Nations, New York, 1973; Jean Bourgeois-Pichat, Population growth and development. Carnegie Endovment for Interna- tional Peace,International Conciliation », no 556, Geneva, 1966. REV. gTUDES SUD-EST EUROP., XII, 4, P. 453-470, BUCAREST, 1974 www.dacoromanica.ro 454 G. CARP CLINPA 2 but de la souveraineté nationale de trouver la solution de ses problemes démographiques 3. Suivant la variation de l'état démographique d'une region à l'autre, d'un pays à l'autre, les solutions proposees doivent se différencier à leur tour. Les pays eu voie de développement sont en tout premier lieu con.frontés avec la t'ache difficile de trouver l'accord entre l'impératif d'un développement aussi rapide qu'efficace et les con.ditions d'un.e population d'un niveau encore insuffisant de santé, de nutrition., d'in.struction et de q-ualification professionn.elle, sujette aussi, dan.s cer- tains cas, à un accroissement excessif 4. De par leur nature même, les problèmes démographiques sont d'un caractère complexe et universel, débordant sous certains rapports les fron- tières nationales, ce qui réclame Pemploi des grands moyens et des action.s bien coordonn.ées. L'Organisation. des Nations Unies déploie dans ce do- maine une multiple et intense activité, afin de venir en aide aux divers Etats 5. L'une de ses initiatives les plus éloquentes à cet égard est Porgani- sation de l'Année Mondiale de la Population (1974) et de la Conference Mondiale de la Population., an mois d'aotit 1974, à Bucarest. Différentes mesures ont été préconisées dans ce cadre : etudes et analyses démogra- phiques, elaboration des critères de politique démographique en corre- lation avec d'autres secteurs de la vie sociale; etc. La Conference est appelée A adopter un document d'un.e portée exceptionnelle : le Programme d'ac- Um mondial de la population, avec un fond Epécial 6. L'étude de la population des pays du Sud-Est européen. .Albanie, Bulgarie, Grèce, Rouman.ie, Turquie, Yougoslavie doit avoir un double point de depart, résidant dans les termes d'ordre general, universel, autant que dans les condition.s propres à cette region, car ce sont ces-dernières qui impriment leurs traits spécifiques à l'évolution démographique, ain.si qu'aux mesures qu'il con.vient d'appliquer A ce domaine. Le premier dire son mot A cet égard est le lourd heritage des lon.gs siècles de domina- tion et d'oppression. étrangère. Guerres, campagnes et repressions san- glantes, exploitation., exaction féodale, manque d'instruction autant de plaies portant une grave atteinte aux populations de la pén.insule bal- kanique, min.ant leur situation matérielle, autant que leur 'are spirituel et biologique. Un taux élevé de n.atalité dans les limites physiques possibles et dan.s la con.joncture sociale donnee pouvait assurer la reproduction. de 3 Population el développement. Résolution du Conseil Aconomique et Social des Nations Unies, n° 1672 (LID du 2 juin 1972. 4 Les politiques démographiques el la Deuxième Décennie des Nations Unies pour le Dévelop- pement. Résolution du Conseil Économique et Social des Nations Unies, n° 1483 (XLVIII) du 3 avril 1970; Planification démographique, Washington D.C. Banque Mondiale, 1972; A. C. Lee,
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