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LAKE VICTORIA BASIN ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK Environment for Development PAN-AFRICAN SECRETARIAT LAKE VICTORIA BASIN ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK Environment for Development Copyrght 2006 UNEP - The Unted Natons Envronmental Programme ISBN: 92-807-2689-7 DEWA JOB No: DEW/0799/NA This publication may be produced in whole or part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes wthout specal permsson from the copyrght holder, provded acknowledgement of the source s made. UNEP and authors would apprecate recevng a copy of any publcaton that uses ths report as a source. No use of ths publcaton may be made for resale or for any other commercal purpose whatsoever wthout pror permsson n wrtng of the Unted Natons Envronmental Programme. Citation: UNEP, 2006. Lake Vctora Basn Envronment Outlook: Envronment and Development. UNEP, Narob. Pan Afrcan START Secretarat (PASS), Department of Geology, Unversty of Narob, P.O. Box 30197, Narob, Kenya Tel/Fax: +254 20 44477 40 E-mal: [email protected] http://pass.uonb.ac.ke Unted Natons Envronment Programme (UNEP). P.O. Box 50552, Narob 00100, Kenya Tel: +254 20 7623785 Fax: + 254 20 7624309 Publshed by UNEP Cover photograph © S. O. Wandga Desgned by: Development and Support Communcatons Prnted by: Development and Support Communcatons Disclaimers The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organzatons. The desgnatons employed and the presentatons do not mply the expressons of any opnon whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contrbutory organzatons concernng the legal status of any country, terrtory, cty or area or ts authorty, or concernng delneaton of ts fronters or boundares. Webstes gven n ths volume were correct at the tme of gong to press. UNEP cannot be held responsble for any subsequent changes. We regret any errors or omssons that may unwttngly have been made. Acknowledgements An Envronment Outlook Report of the Lake Vctora basn was prepared by the Pan Afrcan START Secretarat (PASS) as an nput nto the Afrca Envronment Outlook (AEO) and Global Envronmental Outlook (GEO) reports produced by UNEP Dvson of Early Warnng and Assessment (DEWA). A stakeholder workshop was also convened by PASS, whch brought together a team of experts from rparan countres of the lake basn regon to dscuss the ssues and scope of the Lake Vctora basn Envronment Outlook report, ncludng reachng consensus on the structure of the report, themes to be covered, emergng ssues, outlook, experts to wrte varous sectons, content of the report and polcy optons for acton. The expert nput was nvaluable and sncere apprecaton s extended to ths group. Sncere thanks also go to all the revewers who gave nvaluable comments: Dr. Arthur Horowtz, U.S. Geologcal Survey, Altanta; Dr. Mchael H. Glantz, Natonal Center for Atmospherc Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado; Dr. Russell Arthurton, Brtsh Geologcal Survey, UK and Dr. Geneveve Carr, GEMS-Water Programme. The publication of the Lake Victoria basin Environment Outlook report, whose findings would feed into the second Africa Environment Outlook report, was made possible through financial contributions from UNEP-DEWA and START fundng from Unted States Natonal Scence Foundaton / US Clmate Change Scence Program (US NSF/USCCSP). Collaborators Those lsted below have contrbuted to the preparaton of the Envronment Outlook Report of the Lake Vctora basn n a varety of ways, as partcpants n stakeholders’ workshop, collaborators, consultants, wrters of varous sectons, and revewers. Erc O. Odada, Pan Afrcan START Secretarat; Mchen Ntba, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Phllp Bwathond, Tanzana Fsheres Research Insttute; Chrstopher M Nyrabu, Lake Vctora Envronmental Management Project; Tom Okurut, Lake Vctora Development Progaramme East Afrcan Communty, ArushaTanzana; Kassm A. A. Kulndwa, Economc Research Bureau, Unversty of Dar-es-Salaam, Campus; Oyug Aseto, OSIENALA Secretarat, Ksumu; Obero Ong’ang’a, OSIENALA, Ksumu, Kenya; Charles Odd Okd, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Dana Karanja, Kenya Medcal Research Insttute, Ksumu, Kenya; Magdalene Opondo, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Kelly West, IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi; Francis K Karanja, IUCN Eastern African Regional Office, Nairobi; John P. Owino, IUCN, Nairobi, Kenya; Keith Shepherd, ICRAF, Markus Walsh, ICRAF, Ksumu, Kenya; Shem O. Wandga, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Danel O. Olago, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Fred Bugeny, Makerere Unversty, Kampala Uganda; Washngton O. Ochola, Egerton Unversty, Njoro, Kenya; Mchael Glantz, Natonal Center for Atmospherc Research, USA; Laban A. Ogallo, IGAD, Narob, Kenya; Pus S. Achola, Kenya Red Cross Socety, Narob, Kenya; Glbert An’genda, OSIENALA, Ksumu, Kenya; Andrew Othna, Kenya Marne and Fsheres Research Insttute, Ksumu, Kenya; Agnes C Yobterk, LVEMP, Ksumu, Kenya; Stephen K Malu, LVEMP, Ksumu, Kenya; Eddah W Kaguth, LVEMP, Ksumu, Kenya, Joseph O. Abuodha, Maseno Unversty, Kenya; Jacob K. Kbwage, Maseno Unversty, Kenya; Monca Omulo, Maseno Unversty, Kenya; George E. O. Owt, KWSTI, Navasha, Kenya; Ignatus Abya, KWSTI, Navasha, Kenya; Joseph Ochola, lake basn Development Authorty, Ksumu, Kenya; Francs Asunah, lake basn Development Authorty, Ksumu, Kenya; Elzabeth Luvaha, lake basn Development Authorty, Ksumu, Kenya; Job Ocheng, lake basn Development Authorty, Ksumu, Kenya; Enock Wakwab, Kenya Marne and Fsheres Research Insttute, Ksumu, Kenya; Rchard Abla, Kenya Marne and Fsheres Research Insttute, Ksumu, Kenya; John Gchuk, Kenya Marne and Fsheres Research Insttute, Ksumu, Kenya; James M. Njru, Kenya Marne and Fsheres Research Insttue, Ksumu, Kenya; John S. Balrwa, NARO-FIRI, Jnja, Uganda; J. O. Okaranon, NARO-FIRI, Jnja, Uganda, Rose Mugde, NARO-FIRI, Jnja, Uganda; F Wanda Masfwa, NARO-FIRI, Jnja, Uganda; Francs DP Stuma, NEMA, Narob-Kenya; Obonyo Dgolo, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Alfred Opere, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Opyo Akech, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Arungu Olende, Queconsult LTD, Narob, Kenya; Anderson Koyo, Kenya Wldlfe Servce, Narob, Kenya; Peter F. Okoth, ICRAF, Narob, Kenya; Carolne Mukasa, Lake Vctora Fsheres Organzaton, Jnja, Uganda; Mchael Marshall, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Revana Waya, TAFIRI, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzana; J Okot- Okumu, Makerere Unversty, Kampala, Uganda; Elezer Kateyo, Makerere Unversty, Kampala, Uganda; Frank Kansme, Makerere Unversty, Kampala, Uganda; Tmothy Twongo, Makerere Unversty, Kampala, Uganda; Alex Awt, ICRAF, Narob, Kenya; Rosemary Akny Owgar, Maseno Unversty, Kenya; Bernard Ornda,LVEMP, Eldoret, Kenya; Mara Onyango, Maseno Unversty, Kenya; Gelas Smyu, LVEMP, Eldoret, Kenya; Stephen W. Njoka, LVEMP, Ksumu, Kenya; John K. Mana, LVEMP, Kercho, Kenya; Mwende Kusewa, LVEMP, Ksumu, Kenya; Stephen M Katua, LVEMP, Busa, Kenya; Susan Imende, LVEMP, Ksumu, Kenya; Maurce Nyunja Oteno, NEMA, Ksumu, Kenya; Mutsuyo Kadohra, Nagoya Unversty, Japan; Stella M. Mukhor, Unversty of Narob, Kenya; Eng. W. O Matagaro, LVEMP, Ksumu, Kenya; Capt. J Warruga Mucuth, Marne and Alled Tranng Center, Ksumu, Kenya v Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... Collaborators .................................................................................................................................................v Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................................v Lst of Boxes .................................................................................................................................................v Lst of Fgures ............................................................................................................................................... x Lst of Tables .................................................................................................................................................. x Lst of Plates .................................................................................................................................................. x Lst of Abbrevatons and Acronyms ........................................................................................................... x Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................xv CHAPTER ONE: Social and Policy Framework: Context of People and Livelihoods ............... 1 GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING .................................................................................................................... 1 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION................................................................................ 2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF WELLBEING ......................................................................... 4 LIVELIHOODS, CULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES ............................................................... 5 Livelihoods..........................................................................................................................................................5 Culture ...............................................................................................................................................................6 Natural Resources ......................................................................................................................................... 6 EXISTING POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVEMENT OF LIVELIHOODS ...........................
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