WHAT ARE NATIVE PLANTS? NATIVE COASTAL WILDLIFE SPECIES, INCLUDING HABITATS OF COASTAL GEORGIA Native Plants- species that grew naturally in this region prior to Landscaping & Gardening POLLINATING INSECTS, EVOLVED WITH OUR The Georgia Department of Natural Resources has the colonial era- are uniquely adapted to local conditions and with Native Plants in NATIVE FLORA. defined this eco-region as: have co-evolved over time with other organisms of the region. The coast of Georgia is a mosaic of interdependent habitats “The Sea Island/Coastal Marsh (75j) region contains They are suited to both the physical and biological conditions Coastal Georgia and natural communities. Activities in upland areas, the lowest elevations in Georgia and is a highly dynamic of an area. Wildlife (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and where you live and garden, impact marine, estuarine and environment affected by ocean wave, wind, and river insects) along with fungi and soil biota make up the community freshwater systems. How we plant and tend our gardens action. Mostly sandy soils occur on the barrier islands, within which native plants are an integral part. Native species and landscapes also affects plant and animal diversity and while organic and clayey soils occur in the freshwater, that have been altered by horticultural means (called Cultivars) health. Maintain the natural habitats you have and mend brackish, and salt marshes. Maritime forest of live have lost genetic diversity, rendering them incapable of being a those that are fragmented. You can make a difference oak, red cedar, slash (and longleaf pine), and cabbage productive part of native habitats or of supporting wildlife. whether working at the landscapes level or planting in palmetto grow on parts of the sea islands and various BENEFITS OF NATIVES containers. species of cordgrass, saltgrass, and rushes are dominant • Promote biodiversity in the marshes. The coastal marshes, tidal creeks, and • Lower landscape & garden maintenance once established estuaries are important nursery areas for fish, crabs, • Foster appreciation of our natural heritage and the beauty of shrimp, and other marine species.” our native landscape BASICS FOR USING NATIVES If you understand which habitat or habitats are • Landscaping with native plants is art imitating nature. encompassed by your property, you can restore and Visit natural areas near to where you live and observe enhance the biodiversity around you. Human activities which plants are growing together. Create similar plant may have altered those habitats but a remnant wand of communities in your garden. liatris and a lone longleaf pine might inspire you to add • Match plants with the right soil, moisture and light more plants associated with Pine Flatwoods. A canopy of conditions live oaks hints at planting a midstory of sparkleberries NATIVE PLANTS FOR WILDLIFE and sweetleaf to enhance a Maritime Forest location. • Native flora supports wildlife species that co-evolved with them. They provide food and shelter tailored to wildlife Even if you are not clear about habitats and plant health and reproductive requirements. communities, using native plants from this region will PROTECT NATIVE PLANT COMMUNITIES begin to link pieces of intact ecosystems. Birds and • Learn about native plants and their natural communities butterflies will fly from one to the other looking for • Buy only nursery-propagated plant material berries, seeds, nuts, nectar and host plants. Frogs and • Do not remove plants from the wild unless participating in a anoles will find shelter and a good meal. Water features legitimate and authorized “plant rescue” program. (rain gardens, ornamental ponds, or even a small mister) • Protect natural area habitats planted with native species will provide a multitude of DO NOT PLANT EXOTIC-INVASIVE SPECIES benefits to wildlife from life saving moisture to butterfly REMOVE THEM FROM YOUR PROPERTY host plants. The connecting points will weave together as Invasive Plants of High Concern for Coastal Habitats more and more gardeners utilize native plants. Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) “Magnolia grandiflora” from Catesby’s Natural History 1731 Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) COASTAL WILDSCAPES BARRIER ISLAND HABITATS Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) www.coastalwildscapes.org Barrier Island Freshwater Wetlands and Ponds; Brackish Marsh Coral Ardisia (Ardisia crenata) and Salt Marsh; Coastal Dunes and Bluffs; Coastal Scrub- Giant Reed (Arundo donax) Shrub Wetlands; Forested Depressional Wetlands; Interdunal Wetlands; Magnolia Slope Forests; Maritime Forest and Coastal Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora) Coastal Georgia - Climate Zone: 9A - Eco-region 75j Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Hammocks; Wet Pine Savannas, Herb and Shrub Bogs. COASTAL GEORGIA Elaeagnus (Elaeagnus sp.) MAINLAND HABITATS in this brochure is the equivalent of the Sea Islands/ English Ivy (Hedera helix) Alluvial Rivers and Swamps; Bayheads and Titi Swamps; Beech- Coastal Marsh eco-region (75j) of the Southern Coastal Cogon Grass (Imperata cylindrica) Magnolia Slope Forest; Brackish Marsh and Salt Marsh; Coastal Plain of the Natural Communities of Georgia. It includes Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) GEORGIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY Dunes and Bluffs; Coastal Scrub-Shrub Wetlands; Evergreen the eastern portions of Chatham, Bryan,Liberty, McIntosh, Japanese Climbing Fern (Lygodium japonicum) Hammocks and Mesic Hardwood Forests; Forested Depressional www.gnps.org Glynn and Camden counties that are ecologically defined Chinaberry Tree (Melia azedarach) Coastal Georgia CISMA Wetlands; Longleaf Pine-Scrub Oak Woodlands; Maritime Forest by tidal influences. More information about Georgia’s eco- Nandina (Nandina domestica) (www.coastalgeorgiacisma.org) and Coastal Hammocks; Nonalluvial Rivers and Swamps; Open- regions and natural communities can be found in the State Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Georgia DNR, Wildlife Resources Division Water Ponds and Lakes; Pine Flatwoods; Tidal Rivers and Fresh- Wildlife Action Plan: www.georgiawildlife.com/node/1703 Golden Bamboo (Phyllostachys aurea) (www.georgiawildlife.com) water Tidal Marsh; Wet Pine Savannas, Herb and Shrub Bogs. Specific information for the area covered in this brochure Kudzu (Pueraria montana) Little St. Simons Island is under: Conservation Landscape Assessments and Rattlebox (Sesbania punicea) (littlestsimonsisland.com) Bottom line, gardening is a creative, satisfying activity Conservation Strategies section, Southern Coastal Plain. Tamarisk (Tamarix gallica) Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve and this brochure hopes to inspire you to use native Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera) (www.sapeloislandnerr-ctp.org) plants to maintain the integrity of coastal habitats, Tung-oil Tree (Vernicia fordii) Savannah Coastal Refuges Complex Join Us Online: mend fragmented landscapes, experiment with natives Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia) (www.fws.gov/southeast) www.coastalwildscapes.org/membership as garden specimens, explore their role in supporting Chinese Wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) wildlife, and enjoy their beauty and the abundance they The State Botanical Garden of Georgia www.gnps.org/geninfo/Membership.php (www.uga.edu/botgarden) generate. NATIVE PLANT LIST PERENNIALS NORMAL TO DRY SOILS PERENNIALS GC FOR COASTAL GARDENS Fly Poison (Amianthium muscitoxicum) 3 GC TREES: EVERGREEN Hammock Snakeroot (Ageratina jucunda) 3 Green Dragon (Arisaema dracontium) 3 GC Ca American Holly (Ilex opaca) 1 GCD Fringed Blue Star (Amsonia ciliata) 2 G MARKET AVAILABILITY: 1-3 Most to Least G 5 Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) 3 G H Southern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola) 2 G Ca ST Sandhill Milkweed (Asclepias humistrata) 3 It takes dedication to find native plants for your garden Fewflower Milkweed Asclepias( lanceolata) 3 GH Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) 1 CD Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias( tuberosa) 2 GC Ca GC but the rewards are great. Share this list with your local Golden Canna (Canna flaccida) 2 G H Wild Olive (Osmanthus americanus) 2 CD Ca Wild White Indigo (Baptisia alba) 2 G nursery and encourage them to carry more native species. Swamp Lily (Crinum americanum) 2 C H Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) 2 G Vanillaleaf (Carphephorus odoratissimus) 2 Button Eryngo (Eryngium yuccifolium) 2 G Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) 2 G 5 Green and Gold (Chrysogonum virginianum) 2 GC CONDITIONS GC Coastal Joe Pye (Eupatoriadelphus dubius) 2 GC Carolina Cherry (Prunus caroliniana) 2 GCCa Nuttall’s Thistle (Cirsium nuttallii) 3 G = Hydric (very wet) Lance-leaved Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) 2 G = Full Sun H Swamp Sunflower Helianthus( angustifolius) 2 G Ca H Sand Live Oak (Quercus geminata) 1 GC 5 ST 5 E= Partial Shade X= Xeric (very dry) Marsh Heliotrope (Heliatropium curassavicum) 3 GC ST Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) 1 GCD Slender Goldentop (Euthamia caroliniana) 3 GC G 5 D= Shade ST= Salt Tolerant Scarlet Rosemallow (Hibiscus coccineus) 2 G H Cabbage Palm (Sabal palmetto) 1 GCD Ca ST Blanket Flower (Gaillardia pulchella) 1 Ca G Southern Beeblossom (Gaura angustifolia) 2 G Ca= Shell Soil Swamp Rosemallow (Hibiscus grandiflorus) 3 H Tough Bully (Sideroxylon tenax) 3 G 5 ST Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Hibiscus moscheutos) 2 G Dune Sunflower Helianthus( debilis) 2 G 5 DEER RESISTANCE H Sweetleaf (Symplocos tinctoria) 3 CD ST Southern Blue Flag (Iris virginica) 2 GC H Muck Sunflower Helianthus( simulans) 3 G Deer will try any new plant, even species they do not like. We TREES: DECIDUOUS Shaggy Blazing Star (Liatris pilosa) 2 G 5 Seashore Mallow (Kosteletzkya virginica) 3 G ST H Red Buckeye (Aesculus pavia) 2 C Ca recommend you fence in new plantings until they are established and 5 Catesby’s Lily (Lilium catesbaei) 3 G H Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra) 2 GCD Sundial Lupine (Lupinus perennis) 3 GC protect the trunks of newly planted trees. 5 Sea Lavender (Limonium carolinianum) 2 G ST Chinquapin (Castanea pumila) 2 GC Lady Lupine (Lupinus villosus) 3 G GC Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis) 2 GCCa Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) 2 G Ca Spotted Beebalm (Monarda punctata) 3 Showy Primrose (Oenothera speciosa) 3 G WET TO MOIST SOILS Purple Lobelia (Lobelia elongata) 3 GC Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) 1C Ca TREES: EVERGREEN American Lotus (Nelumbo lutea) 3 G H Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus) 2 G Savannah Meadowbeauty (Rhexia alifanus) 3 G Buckwheat Tree (Cliftonia monophylla) 3 GC American White Waterlily (Nymphaea odorata) 2 G H Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) 1 C Blackeyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) 1 G Loblolly Bay (Gordonia lasianthus) 2 GC Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) 2 G H Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) 2 GC 5 Shortleaf Rose Gentian (Sabatia brevifolia) 3 G Sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana) 1 GC Sweetscent (Pluchea odorata) 3 G ST Southern Crab Apple (Malus angustifolia) 2 GC Azure Sage (Salvia azurea) 3 GC Ca G Spruce Pine (Pinus glabra) 2 GC Camphor pluchea (Pluchea camphorata) 3 G H Red Mulberry (Morus rubra) 2 GC Ca Scarlet Sage (Salvia coccinea) 1 Ca Pond Pine (Pinus serotina) 3 GC Handsome Harry (Rhexia virginica) 3 G H Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica) 2 GCD Bearsfoot (Smallanthus uvedalius) 3 GC Ca 5 TREES: DECIDUOUS Marsh Rose Gentian (Sabatia dodecandra) 3 G ST Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) 2 GCD Seaside Goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens) 2 G ST Red Maple (Acer rubrum) 1 GC H Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia) 3 G Ca H White Oak (Quercus alba) 2 GCD Bluejacket (Tradescantia ohiensis) 2 G River Birch (Betula nigra) 1 GC H Hooded Pitcherplant (Sarracenia minor) 2 G H Bluff Oak (Quercus austrina) 3 GCD Wingstem (Verbesina occidentalis) 3 GC Ca Swamp Titi (Cyrilla racemiflora) 3 GC H Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium) 2 G Southern Red Oak (Quercus falcata) 2 GCD FERNS Two-wing Silverbell (Halesia diptera) 2 GC Pine Barren Goldenrod (Solidago fistulosa) 3 GC Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) 2 GC Ebony Spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron) 3 CD CD Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) 1 GC Sweet Goldenrod (Solidago odora) 3 G Basswood (Tilia americana) 2 GC Ca Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides) 2 Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera) 1 GCD Yellow Hatpins (Syngonanthus flavidulus) 3 G H Southern Pricklyash (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis) 2 G ST 5 GRASSES, SEDGES & RUSHES

Swamp Tupelo (Nyssa biflora) 2 GC H Tall Ironweed (Vernonia angustifolia) 2 G SHRUBS: EVERGREEN Longleaf Woodoats (Chasmanthium sessiliflorum) 2 CD Ca G Ogeechee Lime (Nyssa ogeche) 2 CD H Atamasco Lily (Zephyranthes atamasca) 2 C H Eastern Baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia) 3 G ST 5 Field Lovegrass (Eragrostis elliottii) 2 G 5 Swamp Chestnut Oak (Quercus michauxii) 2 GC FERNS Coral Bean (Erythrina herbacea) 2 GC Ca Sweetgrass (Muhlenbergia capillaris) 1 ST G Carolina Willow (Salix caroliniana) 3 G H Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum pedatum) 2 CD Florida Wild Privet (Forestiera segregata) 2 GC ST Ca Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) 1 G American Snowbell (Styrax americanus) 2 GCD Cinnamon Fern (Osmunda cinnamomea) 2 CD Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria) 1 GC ST Ca 5 Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) 1 G 5 Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) 2 GCD H Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis) 2 CD H Wax Myrtle (Morella cerifera) 1 GC ST Indian Grass (Sorghastrum nutans) 2 G SHRUBS: EVERGREEN Southern Shieldfern (Thelypteris kunthii) 2 CD Chapman’s Oak (Quercus chapmanii) 2 GC ST 5 Purpletop Tidens (Tridens flavus) 2 C Switchcane (Arundinaria tecta) 3 CD Netted Chainfern (Woodwardia areolata) 3 CD Dwarf Palmetto (Sabal minor) 1 CD Ca Eastern Gamma Grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) 2 Ca G 5 Dahoon Holly (Ilex cassine) 1 GC Virginia Chainfern (Woodwardia virginica) 3 GCD H Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) 1 GCD ST 5 Sea Oats (Uniola paniculata) 2 ST Inkberry (Ilex glabra) 2 GC ST GRASSES, SEDGES & RUSHES Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum) 2 CD VINES: EVERGREEN GC Rusty Staggerbush (Lyonia ferruginea) 3 GC H Bushy Bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus)2 G Bear Grass (Yucca filamentosa) 2 GC ST 5 Cross Vine (Bignonia capreolata) 1 Small-leaf Arrowwood (Viburnum obovatum) 2 GC Toothache Grass (Ctenium aromaticum) 3 G SHRUBS: DECIDUOUS Yellow Jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens) 1 GC SHRUBS: DECIDUOUS Common Rush (Juncus effusus) 3 GC H False Indigo Bush (Amorpha fruticosa) 3 G 5 Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) 1 GC Ca Devil’s Walkingstick (Aralia spinosa) 2 C Sugercane Plumegrass (Saccharum giganteum) 3 G H Smallflower Pawpaw (Asimina parviflora) 2 GC Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens) 1 GCD Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) 2 GC H Giant Foxtail (Setaria magna) 3 G H Beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) 2 GC VINES: DECIDUOUS Peppervine (Ampelopsis arborea) 2 G 5 Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) 1 GC Saltmeadow Cordgrass (Spartina patens) 2 G ST Toughleaf Dogwood (Cornus asperifolia) 3 GC Ca ST Southern Swamp Dogwood (Cornus foemina) 2 GC H Sand Cordgrass (Spartina bakeri) 2 G ST Parsley Hawthorn (Crataegus marshallii) 2 GC Trumpet Vine (Campsis radicans) 1 G Mayhaw (Crataegus aestivalis) 2 GC H VINES: EVERGREEN Georgia Plume (Elliottia racemosa) 2 CD Virgin’s Bower (Clematis virginiana) 3 GC Swamp Loosestrife (Decodon verticillatus) 3 GC H Swamp Jessamine (Gelsemium rankinii) 2 GC H Hearts-a-burstin (Euonymus americanus) 1 GC Carolina Coralbead (Cocculus carolinus) 3 GC Sweetspire (Itea virginica) 1 GC H Laurel Greenbrier (Smilax laurifolia) 3 GC H Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) 2 GC Angle Pod (Gonolobus suberosus) 3 C Ca G Fevertree (Pinckneya bracteata) 3 GC H VINES: DECIDUOUS Chickasaw Plum (Prunus angustifolia) 2 GC Ca 5 Pink Tievine (Ipomoea cordatotriloba) 3 Piedmont Azalea (Rhododendron canescens) 2 GC Climbing Aster (Ampelaster carolinianus) 1 GC Coastal Azalea (Rhododendron atlanticum) 2 GC Scarletcreeper (Ipomoea hederifolia) 3 G Swamp Azalea (Rhododendron viscosum) 2 GC Swamp Leather Flower (Clematis crispa) 3 GC Winged Sumac (Rhus copallinum) 2 GC 5 Purple Passionflower Passiflora( incarnata) 2 GC ST Swamp Rose (Rosa palustris) 3 G H Climbing Hydrangea (Decumaria barbara) 3 CD Carolina Rose (Rosa carolina) 3 G Yellow Passionflower Passiflora( lutea) 2 C Ca Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) 3 G H Saltmarsh morning-glory (Ipomoea sagittata) 3 G ST Deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum) 2 GCD 5 Summer Grape (Vitis aestivalis) 3 GC Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) 2 GC American Wisteria (Wisteria frutescens) 1 G Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) 1 GC