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Alternatives to Invasive-Exotic Plants

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Alternatives to Invasive-Exotic Plants Lake County, Florida GREENER CHOICES Alternatives to invasive-exotic plants An educational pamphlet of the Lake County Department of Public Resources and the Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area (CISMA) of Lake County 1 CALL to ACTION Lake County is under attack and needs your help in preserving its unique environment. Invasive exotic plants threaten to crowd out native species Table of Contents and disrupt Lake County’s distinctive ecosystem processes. • Call to action. .1 According to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation • What you can do to help . 2 Commission (FWC), while some non-natives, such as • Plant Care and Wildlife Benefits . 3 tomato plants, behave nicely and put food on our tables, others, without conditions that control them on their home • Plants . 4 turf, become invasive — growing and spreading rapidly Æ Trees . 4 and aggressively. More than 1.5 million acres of Florida’s Blooming . 4 remaining natural areas have become infested Shade . 6 and overwhelmed with non-native plant species. Fall Color . 7 Invasive plants, such as the Old World climbing fern and Æ Shrubs . 8 Brazilian pepper, cost Floridians millions of dollars annually. Æ Vines . 10 Farmers, ranchers, and golf course owners spend more Æ Groundcovers . 12 than $30 million each year to eradicate exotic weeds. Æ Grasses . 13 The economic costs pale in comparison to the Æ Tropical Plants . 14 ecological ones. Invasive exotic species are often cited as the number two threat to global biodiversity, Æ Wetlands. 16 second only to habitat loss due to land conversion. 2 3 What YOU CAN do to HELP The first step to control the spread of exotic plants (marked with “ ”) is to avoid using them. If you have invasive plants in your landscape, consider removing them by hand pulling or carefully Plant Care Guide applying herbicide. The Lake County UF/IFAS Extension Full Sun Office, (352) 343-4101, located at 1951 Woodlea Road in Tavares, can assist in providing detailed Part Shade removal techniques for various invasive plants. Shade This brochure was designed to suggest alternatives to invasive exotic plants. Replacing invasive exotic plants Moist Soil with Florida natives creates a more sustainable landscape in your yard that will have lasting benefits. Moderate Water According to The Florida Native Plant Society, Drought Tolerant www.fnps.org, one advantage of using native (Applies to established plants) plants is that they add beauty and interest to your landscape. In addition, native plants, which are 0 Mature Height better adapted to Florida’s soil types and climate, will conserve water by requiring less irrigation Wildlife Benefits once established; provide food and shelter for butterflies, birds, and other wildlife; and save money Butterfly Friendly by reducing maintenance and pest control costs. Bird Friendly 4 5 Invasive exotic trees are typically introduced as ornamental plants Invasive EXOTIC Trees (Blooming) because of their attractive blooms. When many of these trees bloom, seeds fall or are dispersed into the air and carried by birds, animals or the wind into other landscapes. ORCHID TREE CHINABERRY TREE (Bauhinia variegata) (Melia azedarach) HEIGHT: Up to 50 feet HEIGHT: Up to 50 feet FLAMEGOLD TREE, also known as GOLDEN RAIN TREE (Koelreuteria elegans ssp. formosana) HEIGHT: Up to 50 feet DOGWOOD REDBUD (Cornus florida) (Cercis canadensis) 25 25 AlterNatiVE Trees OTHER AltERNatiVES • Carolina Silverbell (Halesia carolina) • Loblolly Bay (Gordonia lasianthus) WHITE FRINGE TREE • Sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana) (Chionanthus virginicus) • Southern Magnolia (Magnolia 25 grandiflora) • Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) • Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum) LOBLOLLY BAY (Gordonia lasianthus) CAROLINA 75 SILVERBELL (Halesia carolina) 25 6 7 Invasive EXOTIC Trees (Shade) Invasive EXOTIC Trees (Fall Color) Some exotic shade trees are able to invade due to fast growth and the Many invasive trees and shrubs form dense monotypic (consisting of only ability to produce large amounts of fruit. Birds and other wildlife that eat the one type) thickets that crowd out native vegetation and prevent any other prolific fruit become vessels for seed dispersal, thus making it hard to plant species from sprouting. contain and control the spread of these invasive trees. AUSTRALIAN PINE, BRAZILIAN PEPPER, also known as a BEACH SHEOAK also known as a FLORIDA HOLLY (Casuarina equisetifolia) (Schinus terebinthifolius) HEIGHT: Up to 100 feet HEIGHT: Up to 30 feet LONGLEAF PINE (Pinus palustris) 90 CAMPHOR TREE CHINESE TALLOW TREE, (Cinnamomum camphora) also known as a POPCORN TREE (Sapium sebiferum) HEIGHT: Up to 50 feet HEIGHT: Up to 50 feet SWEETGUM (Liquidambar styraciflua) 80 AlterNatiVE Trees (Shade) AlterNatiVE Trees (Fall Color) OTHER AltERNatiVES OTHER AltERNatiVES • Bluejack Oak (Quercus incana) • American Elm (Ulmus americana) • Pond Pine (Pinus serotina) • American Holly (Ilex opaca) • Red Bay (Persea borbonia) • Dahoon Holly (Ilex cassine) • Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) • Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) • Sand Live Oak • Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra) (Quercus geminata) • Red Maple (Acer rubrum) • River Birch (Betula nigra) • Turkey Oak (Quercus laevis) LIVE OAK YaUPON HOLLY (Quercus virginiana) (Ilex vomitoria) 60 20 8 9 A mechanism used by certain plants to successfully invade is their release Invasive EXOTIC Shrubs of allelochemicals—chemical compounds that can have harmful effects on the surrounding plant community. Allelochemicals can negatively influence growth, survival and reproduction of other plant species. LANtaNA, also known as CORAL ARDISIA a SHRUB VERBENA (Ardisia crenata) (Lantana camara) HEIGHT: Up to 6 feet HEIGHT: Up to 6 feet NANDINA, also known as a HEAVENLY BAMBOO OAKLEAF HYDRANGEA (Nandina domestica) (Hydrangea quercifolia) HEIGHT: Up to 8 feet 8 SHINY BLUEBERRY (Vaccinium myrsinites) 2 AlterNatiVE Shrubs FIREBUSH OTHER AltERNatiVES (Hamelia patens) • Autumn Sage (Salvia coccinea) 8 • Deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum) • Florida Pennyroyal, Wild FLORIDA PENNYROYAL, WILD PENNYROYAL Pennyroyal (Piloblephis rigida) (Piloblephis rigida) • Garberia (Garberia heterophylla) 2 • Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) • Scrub Mints (Conradina) • St. John’s Wort (Hypericum reductum) • Tampa Verbena (Glandularia tampensis) ST. JOhn’s WORT (Hypericum reductum) 2 10 11 Invasive vines shade out native flora and kill trees by weighing down the Invasive EXOTIC Vines canopy until it topples, or by destroying the protective bark, also known as girdling. Invasive vines can climb and completely cover trees, shrubs, and structures; form extensive ground covers; or exhibit both habits. CORAL HONEYSUCKLE, (Lonicera sempervirens) JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE FLAME VINE (Lonicera japonica) (Pyrostegia venusta) HEIGHT: Up to 15 feet HEIGHT: depends upon supporting structure YELLOW JESSAMINE, CARoliNA JESSAMINE, CAROLINA JASMINE (Gelsemium sempervirens) CORAL VINE CHINESE WISTERIA (Antigonon leptopus) (Wisteria sinensis) HEIGHT: Up to 25 feet HEIGHT: Up to 65 feet AlterNatiVE Vines AMERICAN WISTERIA (Wisteria frutescens) OTHER AltERNatiVES • Crossvine (Bignonia capreolata) • Native grapes (Vitis spp.) PaSSION FLOWER • Passion Flower, Maypop (Passiflora incarnata) (Passiflora incarnata) • Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) TRUMPET VINE, TRUMPET CREEPER (Campsis radicans) 12 13 Invasive EXOTIC Groundcovers Invasive EXOTIC Grasses Most invasive plants used in landscapes as groundcover are capable of These grasses take up more water and nutrients, and produce more seeds aggressively reproducing by either an underground mass of roots (rhizomes), than native plants. They can eventually take over gardens, yards, and aboveground runners, or both. New plants can sprout from broken-off fragments natural areas and displace native plants, animals and pollinators such as of roots or runners, which makes total removal of these exotic plants difficult. bees and butterflies. WEDELIA, also known as ARUNDO, also known as a CREEPING OXEYE a GIANT REED (Sphagneticola trilobata) (Arundo donax) HEIGHT: Up to 1 foot HEIGHT: Up to 20 feet BOWSTRING HEMP FOUNtaiN GRASS SNAKEPLANT, also known as (Pennisetum setaceum) a MOTHER-IN-LAw’s TONGUE HEIGHT: Up to 3 feet (Sansevieria hyacinthoides & Sansevieria trifasciata) HEIGHT: Up to 3 feet MUHLY GRASS (Muhlenbergia capillaris) 4 AlterNatiVE Groundcovers AlterNatiVE Grasses ADAMS NEEDLE OTHER AltERNatiVES (Yucca filamentosa) OTHER AltERNatiVES • Gopher Apple (Licania michauxii) 3 • Pineland Dropseed (Sporobolus junceus) • Frogfruit, Turkey Tangle Frogfruit, • Purple Love Grass (Eragrostis spectabilis) Capeweed (Phyla nodiflora) • Splitbeard Bluestem (Andropogon ternarius) • Powderpuff (Mimosa strigillosa) • Wiregrass (Aristida stricta var. beyrichiana) • Narrowleaf Blue-Eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium) PARTRIDGE BERRY • Partridge Berry (Mitchella repens) (Mitchella repens) FAKAHatcHEEGRASS, DUNE SUNFLOWER EASTERN GAMA GRASS (Helianthus debilis) (Tripsacum dactyloides) 1.5 6 14 15 Tropical-looking invasive plants will readily form dense growth along river Invasive EXOTIC Tropical Plants and lake shores, displacing native shoreline vegetation. Many of these plants have been purposely introduced into a landscape, but may also have spread via fruit or vegetative fragments floating though waterways. QUEEN PalM MEXICAN PETUNIA (Syagrus romanzoffiana) (Ruellia brittoniana) HEIGHT: Up to 40 feet HEIGHT: Up to 3 feet CORAL BEAN (Erythrina herbacea) 15 GOLDEN BAMBOO MIMOSA (Phyllostachys aurea) (Albizia julibrissin) HEIGHT: Up to 40
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