reporterAutumn 2016 Established in 1825 Alone and at risk of slavery Thousands of unaccompanied child refugees in Europe are at risk of trafficking

In this issue:  Brexit could weaken Britain’s and Europe’s efforts to tackle modern slavery  Indian Government forgets children’s invisible work reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 2 comment contents 3

In this latest issue of the Reporter, we 4-5 News: Brexit could weaken Europe’s examine the big challenges that lie ahead of us. anti-slavery efforts In the main feature (page 10), Anti-Slavery director 6 News: Senegal announces new drive to end Aidan McQuade analyses the risks of falling into forced child begging; Turkmenistan and slavery for the thousands of unaccompanied children Uzbekistan downgraded in U.S Department of migrating to Europe, and how Britain is prepared for State trafficking report tackling child trafficking. His text is accompanied Jakub Sobik by heart-breaking stories and striking pictures of 7 News: Latest on Anti-Slavery International’s work Communications Manager children taking up risky journeys to Europe. on slavery in supply chains in Britain The director also looks at the 8 News: Mauritania’s crackdown on anti-slavery “We examine the consequences of Brexit and how that activists; Theresa May’s new drive against slavery big challenges that might affect the way Europe and Britain tackle slavery (page 4). 9 News: Indian Government forgets children’s lie ahead of us” invisible work Although there has been some bad

12-year-old Sagga, from Eritrea, news, particularly from India (page 9) 10-15 Feature: Alone and at risk of slavery. in a crowded cell in the detention and Mauritania (page 8), we are steadily overcoming Unaccompanied refugee children in Europe at centre in Libya. He hopes to find challenges in many other areas, from addressing risk of trafficking. work in Europe to support his forced child begging in Senegal and forced labour in family and have a better life. 16-17 Voice from the field: How training provided to Photo: UNICEF/Romenzi Uzbek and Turkmen cotton industries (page 6), and slavery in supply chains (page 7). migrant workers protects them from exploitation The Reporter magazine was in the Gulf established in 1825 and has Also, don’t miss the report from India on how our been continuously published project helps workers migrating to the Gulf protect 18-19 Campaigner’s voice: Qatar, play by the rules since 1840. themselves from being exploited (page 17); and see Series VIII, Vol 22, Issue 3 20-21 Our work then and now: The role of the Quakers exciting news of our new work in Tanzania, building Anti-Slavery International in the abolitionist movement Thomas Clarkson House on a previous project that proved so successful in The Stableyard empowering child domestic workers to claim their New work: Empowering and protecting Broomgrove Road 22 London SW9 9TL rights (page 22). Tanzanian child domestic workers United Kingdom Finally, we have listened closely to the views that you tel: +44 (0)20 7501 8920 23 Meet Anti-Slavery staff: Kate Willingham, fax: +44 (0)20 7738 4110 expressed in our recent survey, and we’re responding email: [email protected] International Advocacy Manager website: www.antislavery.org accordingly. Firstly, we decided to develop a new

Editor: Jakub Sobik website for you to keep better track of our work, 24-25 Supporters’ corner: Annual Conference tel: +44 (0)20 7501 8934 and secondly, we are planning a reinvigorated, email: [email protected] 26 Supporters speak: Why I support Anti-Slavery Layout: Berie Stott, www.dot-ink.com interactive Conference and Annual General Meeting Printed by THE PRINTED WORD International Printed on FSC accredited paper in November, to which you are all most warmly

UK Registered Charity 1049160 invited. See page 25 for all the details. We are looking 28 Back cover: We change lives. Company limited by guarantee 3079904 Registered in England and Wales forward to meeting as many of you as possible! Many thanks for your continuous support, no matter Anti-Slavery International works to eliminate all forms of slavery throughout the world by investigating and exposing current cases of slavery, campaigning for its eradication, supporting the initiatives of local organisations to secure what obstacles are thrown at us. Thanks to you, we can the freedom of those in slavery or vulnerable to it, and pressing for more effective implementation of national and keep going and ultimately overcome the evil of slavery. international laws against slavery. reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 4 news 5 Brexit could

Aidan McQuade, Director weaken Europe’s Anti-Slavery International anti-slavery efforts Director Aidan McQuade on how Brexit could affect how Britain and Europe tackle human trafficking.

 Before the referendum, Anti- The exit from the EU potentially places Slavery International had raised a whole new category of trafficking concerns about the potential negative victims in a precarious position if the Victims of trafficking with consequences of a ‘leave’ vote in the right to reside in the UK is removed irregular migration status are Brexit referendum on human trafficking from citizens of other European countries. often invisible to authorities. and our work to tackle that. That could become a problem This could also lead to increased for many more people trafficked into Britain from Europe. The post Brexit political and economic risks for vulnerable UK citizens who chaos has not done much to alleviate find themselves trafficked into other our concerns. These remain in three parts of Europe – contrary to common particular areas. presumptions To put it into context, the UK has other European countries on The first one is this does happen “Now that the Brexit vote has been one of the most active Eurojust anti-slavery policies such as the protection of victims happened, the environment – as other EU whose immigration members and since 2011 was involved wider application of supply chain in which Anti-Slavery countries are likely in sixteen Joint Investigation Teams on status might change transparency provisions introduced International works to tackle to reciprocate any trafficking in human beings. in the UK’s Modern Slavery Act, post-exit. UK measures that slavery has been made The third area of our concern is the loss meaning that British business could The research done adversely affect their considerably harder.” of the vital connection between the UK be disadvantaged by some less by Anti-Slavery nationals. and the rest of Europe, holding each scrupulous European competitors. confirmed that Secondly, given the other to account. people with irregular migration status Now that the Brexit vote has happened, in the UK are over four times less transnational nature of trafficking, On one hand, we will lose the positive the environment in which Anti-Slavery likely to be identified as victims of it has long been recognised that effects of Britain being accountable International works to tackle slavery trafficking, and as a consequence it cannot be countered without to European legal framework and has been made considerably harder. not provided with relevant support extensive international collaboration. standards, such as the EU Anti- We will continue to pull together to and protection. This in turn leads As a consequence of Brexit, the UK Trafficking Directive, which Anti-Slavery ensure that our efforts over the years to the crime of trafficking not being is unlikely to remain part of Europol, doggedly and ultimately successfully to improve Britain’s and Europe’s recognised, with perpetrators being left Eurojust, and other Europe-wide campaigned that the UK should opt into. response to modern slavery don’t go to free to carry on as normal, and victims criminal justice collaboration tools On the other hand, it will be harder waste. But for that, we will need your often being re-trafficked. such as the European Arrest Warrant. for Britain to positively influence support more than ever. reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 6 news news 7 Senegal to ‘end forced child begging’ New bill provides supply

 July. President of Senegal Macky Sall announced that all begging talibé children chains momentum Klara Skrivankova, will be cleared from the streets of Senegal, and that those who force them to beg UK and Europe Klara Skrivankova on transparency in supply will be fined or imprisoned. Programme Manager chains in Britain. Talibés are boys studying Qur’an in schools called daaras, who are sent out on the streets by their teachers to beg for their keep.  In June Baroness Young of Hornsey, in their supply chains, Anti-Slavery It is unclear how this initiative will fit into the earlier plans of daara reform and Anti-Slavery patron, introduced a together with other key organisations regulation, nor how the children will be reunited with their families. Long term Private Members’ Bill in the House of working on this issue agreed that such strategies to ensure children are not trafficked to beg again have not been presented. Lords to strengthen the measures on database is critical and are in talks to Africa Programme Officer Emmanuelle Tremeau said: “It’s good to see that the transparency in supply chains. We have make it a reality. government is pledging tough action to address these abusive practices. With worked closely with Baroness Young on The database will enable the public our new project that started in June we will work hard to ensure that forced child drafting the Bill and will support it as it to freely access and review all the begging is ended once and for all.” goes through the Parliament. statements, and hold companies to Improving on the Modern Slavery Act, the account for compliance with Bill proposes that public authorities the legislation. The US ups pressure to end cotton crimes are required to publish modern slavery Finally, for the first time a British statements, introduces mandatory due company was found liable for  July. The U.S. State Department downgraded Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan diligence in government contracts, violations in a modern slavery case. to Tier 3, the lowest possible ranking, in its annual Trafficking in Persons (TiP) and strengthens the reporting by big Six Lithuanian men who were trafficked Report, recognising that both countries don’t comply with the minimum businesses on tackling slavery in their to the UK and forced to work on anti-slavery standards and are not making any effort to do so. supply chains, for example including poultry farms won a civil suit against slavery statements in companies’ the gangmasters and were awarded The downgrade is a recognition of Anti-Slavery International’s and wider Cotton filings to Companies House. Campaign coalition’s efforts to put international pressure on both countries to compensation. We hope that the stop using state-sponsored forced labour in their cotton industries. In the absence of a government run judgment is duly enforced and will lead central database for all statements to more workers seeking compensations In 2015 both governments continued submitted by the companies on slavery for abuses they have suffered. to force their citizens to grow and harvest cotton and intensified the crackdown on any independent Farm in Linconshire on which forced labour was found. efforts to monitor the practice. Photo: David Rose/Panos Klara Skrivankova, Anti-Slavery’s UK and Europe Programme Manager, said: “The U.S. sent a strong message that it’s time the world stopped accepting Uzbek and Turkmen governments’ feeble excuses and their denial of the use of forced Photo: Simon Buxton labour in their economies.” reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 8 news 9

Mauritania cracks Theresa May’s down on activists new drive to  August. Thirteen Mauritanian anti-slavery activists from the Initiative tackle slavery for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement (IRA) were sentenced to up to  July. Theresa May announced 15 years in prison for “inciting violence”. creating a £33m fund and a new Child labour is still widespread in India ministerial taskforce to tackle modern and the new law is unlikely to curb it. They were charged after a protest in late slavery in Britain and abroad. Photo: Bharat Patel, June in an impoverished neighbourhood bharatpatelphotography.co.uk against the forced relocation of the She plans to work more Haratine community, a group known as collaboratively between various descendants of slaves. However, none government agencies and investing of the thirteen activists, nor IRA, had in police training. Indian Government forgets organised the protest or taken part in it. The fund will be designed to Ten more people who were not IRA also help tackle slavery in the children’s invisible work members were also sentenced for countries that are the main source taking part in the protest. for trafficking into the UK such as  July. The new Child Labour Bill under pressure to return from school Anti-Slavery joined Amnesty Albania, Vietnam and Nigeria. regulating the work of children in early, or to not attend at all, in order to International and fifteen other Anti-Slavery International the country, passed by the Parliament help their families at work. organisations in condemning the of India, has been roundly criticised welcomed the announcement, but The bill also reduces the number of crackdown on activists and demanded stressed that there are strategic by campaigners. their unconditional release. industries considered to be hazardous, decisions awaiting the government. Although the new Bill makes a step failing to comply with ILO Convention 138. Africa Programme Manager Sarah Director Aidan McQuade said: forward by prohibiting the employment Mathewson said: “The sentences are “Protection and support of those of children under fourteen years of age Sarah Mount, Asia Programme a devastating blow to the Mauritanian who are affected by slavery need in all occupations, it exempts children Manager, said: “The Bill creates a big anti-slavery movement and expose to be at the centre of all that help their family or work in family risk that many children will end up the Government’s pledges to address anti-slavery efforts.” enterprises after school hours. employed in hazardous or harmful slavery as a farce.” work that negatively affects their Whilst the amended bill defines family education and health. and family enterprises, activists are concerned that these definitions are “To limit potential negative not robust enough and extremely consequences of the Bill, a well- difficult to monitor. resourced system of oversight and Many campaigners, including Anti- labour inspection needs to be in place. Unfortunately, at the moment such Haratine people – a group known Slavery International, point out that it as descendants of slaves – face is likely that children from poor, low- systems are not implemented, even in widespread discrimination. caste and disadvantaged communities sectors where trafficking, forced labour Photo: Michael Hylton will suffer the most, as they may be and child labour are widespread.” reporter autumn 2016 10 feature

Alone and at risk of slavery

The number of unaccompanied refugee children escaping to Europe from Africa and the Middle East is unprecedented. We look at the risks of trafficking for them and check how Britain is prepared to tackle child trafficking.

12-year-old Sagga, from Eritrea, sits with other adolescent boys and men in a crowded cell, at the Zawiya detention centre near Tripoli, Libya. Sagga, together with two friends, left Eritrea in the hopes of finding work in Europe to support his family and have a better life. Their journey to Libya took 10 months. He has an uncle in Italy and plans to seek asylum there and attend school. © UNICEF/Romenzi reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 12 feature 13

Words: Aidan McQuade, Director What’s the truth? for relevant policies to be put in place across Europe to tackle child Photos and stories of children: Of course, of those thousands of trafficking, not only in the face of the courtesy of UNICEF children who have gone missing not Aidan McQuade, Director all will have been trafficked. Some refugee crisis, but at all times. Anti-Slavery International will have got to their final destination, Is Britain ready? and may be with friends or extended  The ongoing refugee crisis in the Anti-Slavery International has been It is worth looking at how the UK deals family. Some also will be close to being Mediterranean has been keeping the concerned about this situation, not adults and capable of establishing new with child trafficking, and how it is least because of the risks of trafficking world’s attention for a while now, lives for themselves in various places prepared to face the risks the refugee and forced labour that child refugees particularly because of the high in Europe in a safe manner, without crisis poses to children. face. These increased risks have been number of unaccompanied necessarily being exploited. Although there has been no evidence highlighted by Anti-Slavery children who arrive to thus far linking child trafficking in the “over 10,000 and others for some time, However, the scale of the refugee Europe in search of a UK to the refugee crisis, there have went missing and, more recently, there flows, the unsatisfactory response by better life. In May Eurostat been nearly a thousand children over two years.” have been a number of Europe to the crisis, and the desperate reported that almost 90,000 media reports about children conditions that many children will find referred to authorities as potentially unaccompanied children were being exploited, particularly for sex. themselves in when they finally get to trafficked last year. Britain shouldn’t registered as asylum seekers in 2015 Other reports point to risks of children Europe means that the likelihood of need the refugee crisis to find motivation throughout Europe, whilst Europol being trafficked into forced labour in trafficking is sharply increased. to take child trafficking seriously. reported earlier that over 10,000 went agriculture, domestic servitude, as well Anti-Slavery are monitoring the Some problems have been known missing over two years. as forced criminality and forced begging. situation closely and are calling for years. There has been evidence of

Jehad, 15-years-old and Sixteen-year-old twins Aimamo and from Syria, rests in a Ibrahim Jawnoh, from Gambia at a UNICEF-supported Child beach in Trabia, Italy, where they live Friendly Space at the in a centre for unaccompanied boys. reception centre near Aimamo and Ibrahim left Gambia Gevgelija, Macedonia. after their father divorced their Jehad’s family left Syria mother, leaving them with no money. fleeing the violence and Their journey took fifteen months. insecurity for Amman, When they got to Tripoli, they were Jordan, where they have taken to a farm where they spent two been living for the past months working ten hours every day several years. But caught up cutting grass. “If you try to run they in economic distress, they shoot you and you die. If you stop decided to escape and seek working, they beat you. It was just new lives in Europe. like the slave trade” said Aimamo. © UNICEF/ Klincarov © UNICEF/Gilbertson reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 14 feature 15

Abubacarr, 16, from Gambia, What is Anti-Slavery International calling for: who hopes to become a  Proper resourcing of a system of guardians for unaccompanied refugee and professional footballer, at a migrant children. centre for unaccompanied boys in Trabia, Sicily. His father  Proper investment in systems of human rights protections, in particular for died in 2009, he couldn’t children in the refugee camps of the Mediterranean. attend school and his family  Increased awareness amongst police and immigration officials of the rights often couldn’t afford food. of refugees and victims of trafficking and the responsibilities of public “I just left with the clothes on officials towards them. my back. During my journey  Implementing of comprehensive anti-trafficking policies across Europe, I was forced to do jobs like with child protection at their heart. masonry and washing dishes”. © UNICEF/ Gilbertson  A coordinated response within the EU to establish safe migration routes for refugees, particularly for children, to places where they can obtain safe refuge and adults can find decent work.

relevant support not being provided of Lords published a report criticising to some children who have been the UK for failing to take in its fair share Peace, 17, from Nigeria, at Rainbow, centre for unaccompanied girls in Palermo, trafficked, children from outside of unaccompanied children. Sicily, Italy. Since her parents had died in a car accident, she lived with her aunt, who took her out of school and decided Peace should be married off to a forty of the European Union have been The committee chair Baroness Prashar year old man. “That’s when I escaped. I didn’t bring anything, just my shirt and known to not be identified as victims said, “We found that these children… the clothes I was wearing.” of trafficking despite substantial are seen as ‘somebody else’s problem’ evidence, and many children have and the conditions they live in were © UNICEF/Gilbertson gone missing from the care described to us as deplorable of authorities. and squalid…” Some of these problems have been The UK’s failure to accept refugee addressed to an extent by the Modern children threatens the much repeated Slavery Act, for example by introducing ambitions of Prime Ministers Cameron legal advocates to provide them with and May for the UK to be a world leader greater specialised protection and in the struggle against slavery. prevent their re-trafficking. However, the scheme has still not been rolled out Without effective political leadership properly, and much remains to be done. on the refugee crisis, particularly without safe migration options and Additionally, the UK is widely perceived legal resettlement for child refugees, across Europe as failing to bear its fair there will continue to be marked share in the European response to the increases in the risks of trafficking for crisis, especially in relation to children. those children who have managed to At the end of July 2016 the UK House survive their perilous journeys. reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 16 voice from the field 17

contracts in time to scrutinise them company’s and agent’s registration. Making migration for even though there are free government We also discuss how to stay safe in the services available to translate them. Middle East and who to contact when

Sarah Mount, South Asia They do not know where they can go in need. work to the Gulf safer Programme Manager for help in case they get in trouble at Every worker is given a worker passbook, the destination. with all the relevant information required. Sarah Mount, South Asia Programme Manager, reports from training Our training aims to improve this We are reaching workers in areas of provided to migrant workers how to avoid being exploited in the Gulf. situation – so that workers are armed Uttar Pradesh where there was no such with vital knowledge before they leave, training previously available, as well as  We heard Shahid’s story (featured on average around £800. They are told making migration for work safer. local community-based organisations the right) recently at one of our training that this is to pay for their airfare and The training discusses all the steps in to make sure the information travels as in Uttar Pradesh, which we’ve been other costs, even though under Indian the migration process, both pre and far as possible. conducting for workers migrating to law the employers must pay for this. post departure. We talk about the key All we hope for is that rather than the Gulf. In reality, the employers transfer these documents required and explain how repeating the stories such as Shahid’s, costs to the agents, which they then Shahid’s very common story shows the to access the provisions provided by the workers come back from the Gulf just transfer onto the workers. level of exploitation and forced labour the Indian Government, including having experienced meaningful that are occurring. So far during our Workers hardly ever receive contracts minimum wages agreed between the migration with decent wages helping to training sessions, many workers have – just a one-sided sheet of paper in governments. We advise on insurance improve the lives of their families back said that they arrived in the Gulf only to Arabic, which they can’t read – after they and recommend checking the home in India. find out they were going to do another, have already paid and just before leaving. much more menial job for less pay than The problem is that most workers don’t Shahid’s story* what they had been promised. think about the risks they’re facing, Almost all workers we have met, that many of which could be avoided with “When I arrived, my passport was taken from me and I have migrated to the Gulf before, have some preparation. They don’t check was told I was going to be a shepherd, not the job I was paid an illegal recruitment fee, on who their agents are, don’t ask for promised. I protested – I was educated and trained. But my employer said things have changed, then he ‘gave’ me to someone else. I lived out in the desert in a shed with a tarpaulin roof. I was given basic food, but it was not enough so I had to eat the animal fodder. I was not allowed to leave the farm. Without passport and a residence permit I couldn’t go anywhere. Luckily, another worker lent me his phone and I messaged my family. After they complained to Indian Government, the ‘employer’ gave me my passport back and a flight ticket. I didn’t get any wages at all – he said that he deducted the air ticket cost from my wages and there was none left. I paid my agent 85,000 rupees (approx. £880). I mortgaged my farm land for this.” *Name changed reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 18 campaigner’s voice 19

question in front of a room full of civil Qatar, play engineers who will hopefully think a bit about it on their next project.

Laura Wood, leader of And crucially, thanks to our action, by the rules Anti-Slavery Glasgow Group Protesters outside the meeting venue Anti-Slavery are in direct touch with the ICE now to connect about tackling Laura Wood, leader of Anti-Slavery Glasgow Group, on her experience slavery in their members’ supply chains. campaigning for the rights of migrant workers in Qatar at a recent now.” Ms Thiam took the microphone My attention, however, will not be and answered my question for meeting of engineers building World Cup stadiums in Qatar diverted while migrant workers Mr Burridge! She mentioned generally human rights are being abused. I’m some ethical practices and that she  I had heard through the grapevine were welcome to be there so they could disappointed that our questions were is looking forward to working with about the Institution of Civil Engineers hear our opinions. They were delighted not answered directly and that we were Anti-Slavery. (ICE) holding a lecture on the to hear that the Director of Anti-Slavery out of time. Unfortunately for migrant construction of Qatari stadiums at the International, Aidan McQuade, had I’m happy with how the evening went workers in Qatar, they are also running University of Strathclyde. also trained as a civil engineer. And, as we raised awareness. I got to ask my out of time. This was a perfect opportunity for that they would be happy to work with Anti-Slavery International to ask us in the future. engineers to consider their role in the The speaker for the evening was Jim perpetuation of slavery-like conditions Burridge from Arup. In his lecture in the construction of the Qatar World he mentioned that the workers had Cup infrastructure. problems with heat “and other things, but I’ll not go into Although there that now.” were only five of us “Thanks to our action, Anti- I asked a question protesting outside Slavery are in direct touch from the floor: the venue, we really with the ICE now to connect engaged with people about tackling slavery in their “You’ve considered going into the the culture and members’ supply chains.” conference (around climate conditions 100 in attendance). of Qatar thoroughly One memorable chat was with a Civil through such things as the drainage Engineering student who had no idea system, wind, temperature, concern about the human rights issues in the about the sun getting in spectators Gulf countries. Everyone was interested eyes. Did you consider the Qatar to learn more. laws and culture of the Kafala Sara Thiam, the Regional Director of system which perpetuate workers’ ICE was inclusive and welcoming. She exploitation, slavery and death during Migrant workers often the construction of the stadium as suffer bad working and ushered us into the meeting. She made living conditions in the a welcome speech before the lecture thoroughly as you did the weather?” Middle East. regarding ethics and stated that we He said “Yes, but I’ll not get into that Photo: Pete Pattisson reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 20 then and now 21

Sturge challenged fellow Refusing to obey the usual niceties of Quakers the Britons not to cast off moral insider lobbying, Sturge’s movement responsibility for new and succeeded in pressuring the Richard Huzzey evolving forms of human government and colonial authorities to abolitionists peremptorily end the apprenticeship slavery. These exact ideals scheme. In subsequent months and Richard Huzzey on the role of the Quakers in the abolitionist movement. continue to this day in years, Sturge would retain a strong the organisation. interest in supporting freed people in  Everybody knows about the links people for up to six further years. their transition to new lives. As part of the campaign, Sturge between Quakers and the Society for the They travelled to the West Indies in brought back to Britain the Jamaican Two of Jamaica’s communities for Abolition of the Slave Trade, founded order to document the continuing apprentice James Williams, whose freed slaves, named after him as in 1787, and their big contribution to abuses of black West Indians and account of the labour regime and Birmingham and Sturgetown, survive abolishing the Transatlantic Slave punishments under apprenticeship is to this day. But so too does the Trade in 1807. However, Anti-Slavery the ineffectiveness of promised one of the few testimonies organisation Sturge revived to International has a special debt to later official supervision. Sturge and his we have from someone fight apprenticeship. generations of abolitionists from within allies condemned the transitionary arrangements as a continued form enslaved in Jamaica. After their success, the Society of Friends. he reformed the of slavery, outrageous under their Williams’ text makes By 1837, the year Queen Victoria anti-apprenticeship nation’s flag and a continuing offence for harrowing acceded to the throne, many anti- campaign into the to human values. Forming new reading, but it also slavery leaders had hung up their British and Foreign highlights the hats, satisfied with the emancipation partnerships with Baptists and other Anti-Slavery fact that Sturge’s of enslaved West Indians on 1 August concerned activists, Sturge revived Society, focused radicalism did Joseph Sturge, most famous 1834. But, the Quakers Joseph popular agitation against slavery Quaker abolitionist, founder on opposing not quite translate of the Anti-Slavery Society Sturge and Thomas Harvey remained and called for an immediate, true slavery around into a relationship in 1839, today Anti-Slavery deeply concerned about the unpaid abolition of forced labour in the International. the world. of equality with ‘apprenticeship’ imposed on freed British sugar colonies. Williams. Like In creating a many other Victorian continuing, albeit philanthropists, Sturge smaller and more radical, Dinner to celebrate emancipation from slavery expected Williams to take on a abolitionist organisation in 1839, under the name of apprenticeship, 1 August 1838 at Dawkins, near Spanish Town, Jamaica. subordinate role and act as a witness, Sturge challenged fellow Britons not not a political speaker, on the stump. to cast off moral responsibility for new As a Birmingham Quaker, Sturge had and evolving forms of human slavery. entered national politics as a provincial These exact ideals continue outsider, rather than a well-connected to this day in the organisation, metropolitan elite. His revolt against renamed in the twentieth century the compromises of the Emancipation as Anti-Slavery International. Act of 1834 entailed a rejection of parliamentary leaders, such as Thomas Richard Huzzey is a Senior Lecturer in Modern British History at the University of Durham. He is the author of Fowell Buxton, who remained close to Freedom Burning: Anti-Slavery and Empire in Victorian the Whig government. Britain (Cornell University Press, 2012). reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 22 new work meet the team 23 Empowering child Driving global

Debbie McGrath, Head of domestic workers Programmes and Advocacy change on slavery Debbie McGrath on our new project in Tanzania. In this series, we try to bring the everyday work of our staff closer to our supporters. Today,  Anti-Slavery International has led the There are still estimated to be around Kate Willingham, efforts to improve the lives of children one million child domestic workers in International Advocacy we present Kate Willingham, our International in domestic work across the world Tanzania. Children – big majority of Manager Advocacy Manager. for many years. Our last innovative them girls – often migrate from poorer five-year project across six countries rural areas to cities and are highly Advocacy Manager, what does and child labour. Our role is to make focused on involving children in vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. your role mean in practice? sure that governments are living up to advocating for their own rights and was Working with the Coalition partners, we their obligations to end slavery. I am the hub for the organisation’s a resounding success – child domestic will focus on two regions of Shinyanga workers progressed from isolation, work at the United Nations and Our status at the UN is quite special, and Mwanza, source and destination given our decades of experience. Since where they had no voice, to making areas respectively for migrating child particularly at the International their voices heard and acted upon. Labour Organization. 1950 we’ve had special consultative domestic workers. status at the UN, we are one of very One of the biggest successes we We will again focus on empowering In practice, it involves working on a lot few to be on a ‘Special List’ of NGOs at recorded was in Tanzania, where child domestic workers, so they can of documents: reports, submissions, the ILO. Both have allowed us to shape several new groups, led by child meaningfully engage with their briefings; and representing crucial developments on slavery. domestic workers themselves, formed communities and claim their rights. Anti-Slavery at the UN, talking to and joined a 27 member Tanzania We are aiming to implement by-laws in officials, mandate holders such as the Domestic Worker Coalition to press for What kind of developments? the districts we will work in, providing Special Rapporteur on Slavery, experts, changes on a national level. Our new diplomats, and many more. Although it We have had real successes in project aims to build on that success. protections for working children, such as requiring written contracts and might not sound particularly exciting, influencing the UN’s agenda on slavery ensuring decent pay. Such by-laws the importance of the role makes it so. over the years, starting with the Slavery Conventions of 1926 and 1956, to more Vocational Training for former child domestic workers, have been proven to be effective in the run by Anti-Slavery’s local partner in the project areas we worked in previously. Why does Anti-Slavery recent examples such as a Domestic Agape, founded by a former beneficiary. Work Convention and the inclusion We will also work to improve the capacity International have to have a of slavery eradication in the UN’s of local organisations to ensure the specialist to do this kind of work? Sustainable Development Goals. sustainability of our work in the long term. The UN is the world’s largest and most We also used the UN to pressure Our project is estimated to reach and important international organisation, particular countries to change their protect around 7,000 children, but where issues like slavery are debated practices, for example, Uzbekistan our ultimate aim is that all children by all countries in the world, it can put to roll back on its use of forced child in Tanzania are free from all forms of pressure on countries to change. abuse and exploitation. labour in the cotton harvest, or The UN and its agency the ILO hold the pushing the governments of Niger and Read on the back cover of this Reporter the story of Minjiza, whose life was changed by Agape, our partner most important conventions on slavery Mauritania to criminalise slavery. organisation founded by one of our beneficiaries. reporter reporter autumn 2016 autumn 2016 24 supporters’ corner 25

We are looking for activists to join our Speakers Network to speak at local events. If interested please email Ellie at [email protected] Anti-Slavery International Conference and Annual General Meeting Fundraise for freedom  Leicestershire Police Modern Slavery Team don’t just work against slavery when Dear members and supporters, following your feedback, we are planning a  18th October marks on duty. Members of the team took part in reinvigorated, interactive Conference and Annual General Meeting this year. Anti-Slavery Day. Whether the London triathlon to raise awareness you’re organising a quiz night Date: Saturday 12th November 2016 of modern slavery. Detective Sergeant using our new human rights- Scott Cairns, left, described finishing Venue: The National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO), 8 All Saints themed quiz, hosting a live the triathlon as an ‘amazing experience.’ St, London N1 9RL, (nearest tube and train station: King’s Cross / St Pancras). music night, a cake sale or Thank you for your support! coffee morning, we want to RSVP: Places are limited and supporters will be accepted onto the attendee list  We would also like to hear from you. on a “first come, first served” basis, so please RSVP early to secure your place thank our eight freedom and return the enclosed RSVP card before Friday 30th September 2016 in the Please contact our supporter runners who took part in the freepost envelope. team on (0)20 7737 9434 or British 10k in July, raising [email protected] over £2.5k. Well done all! Programme highlights: 10.40am Registration When you remember Anti-Slavery International in your Will, you help 11.15am Panel discussion and Q&A with keynote speaker Kevin Hyland, the protect future generations of victims of slavery. UK Anti-Slavery Commissioner. Even small bequests can make a difference. To find out more about our Legacy Beyond the Modern Slavery Act – the next steps for the UK Charter and to download a legacy pledge form please visit www.antislavery. org/legacy or contact 020 7501 8920 to request a legacy information pack. As Prime Minister Theresa May pledges £33 million towards the fight against slavery and sets up a new task force, we look at the next steps the UK Government needs to take and what more can be done Two decades of anti-slavery activism to tackle the root causes and underlying issues causing slavery. Many thanks to the Exeter Anti-Slavery Group for organising 12.15pm Annual General Meeting and presentation on the last financial their Annual Garden Party in support of Anti-Slavery year’s successes and future plans for 2016/17 International. With the sale of raffle tickets and donations it by Aidan McQuade, Director of Anti-Slavery International. raised over £1,5k. The longest established existing anti-slavery 1pm Networking lunch (complimentary lunch will be provided) group with its leader Graham Martin has been working to end slavery for two decades. Huge thank you for an unrivalled work. 1.45pm Presentations from Anti-Slavery International Programme Managers 2.45pm Break-out sessions with Anti-Slavery International experts including: Thank you to the Holy Trinity Church in Clapham, London,  Influencing international legislation on slavery for donating over £7.5k from a recent collection.  Under the veil: slave brides The Church continues its fine abolitionist tradition; it was 3.15pm Presentations by fundraising volunteers: how you can help. home to the ‘Clapham Sect’, a group of abolitionists with William Wilberforce at its centre, who were a leading 3.45pm Close, drinks and networking, NCVO. force in ending the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Secure your place now through the enclosed RSVP card reporter autumn 2016 26 supporters speak Yes, I want to support the fight against modern slavery Name Why I support Address Anti-Slavery International Postcode In June we welcomed Ellie and Jayne, two student activists from University College London (UCL), for a week in our Communications Telephone Team. They developed a video and a digital campaign entitled Mobile Telephone ‘10 Things You Didn’t Know About Slavery’. I give Anti-Slavery International permission to contact me  By telephone  By SMS Eleanor Mead Jayne Liu Email address  While slavery has been around for a  Working with Anti-Slavery Please send me news and updates by email (you may unsubscribe at any time) long, long time, it is too often confined International has been a truly insightful I am a UK taxpayer and would like Anti-Slavery International to reclaim the tax on all to the history books. experience into the issues of modern my donations made this year, in the previous four years and on all future donations. In our campaign we wanted to slavery. Slavery might no longer take (Please note, you must pay an amount of income tax or capital gains tax at least equal to the emphasise that slavery has evolved: the form of what is taught in a history tax we, and other charities and Community Amateur Sports Clubs you donate to, reclaim on all your class but it still happens today, and donations and in the appropriate tax year. If you pay less income and/or capital gains tax in the it still exists, and much closer to current tax year than the amount of Gift Aid claimed on all your donations, it is your responsibility home than we’d like to think. And – needs to be addressed as a prominent to pay any difference. Tax year is 6 April one year to 5 April the next). perhaps more importantly – we want issue here in the UK. Date: . Please notify us if you want to cancel this to emphasise that anti-slavery activism Our campaign work with Anti-Slavery declaration, change your name or address, or if your tax status changes. has also evolved. International focuses on how slavery Please accept my gift of £ (Please do not The wealth of passion, knowledge has evolved over time. Their vision of a send cash) and power that has gone into fighting world free from slavery is not just about I enclose a cheque or charity voucher made payable to Anti-Slavery International finding one solution but is instead a slavery for all the years Anti-Slavery Please debit my Visa/Mastercard/CAF Charity Card (last 3 digits for has existed is genuinely inspirational. steady and ongoing process. CAF cards only) You can sense it in the organisation Join the movement today to eliminate Card No. and all that they do. slavery in all its forms. More can still be done. Expiry Name date on card

If you’d like to campaign or Signature Date fundraise for us, please get in To help us save on administrative costs, we will only thank you for your donation touch with Ellie McDonald on if you tick this box. [email protected] Data Protection: We do NOT trade names with other organisations, ‘list swap’ or rent out our supporters’ list. In accordance with or 0207 737 9434. the 1998 Data Protection Act, we will only hold your details for administrative purposes and to provide you with updates about our work and what supporters like yourself are helping us achieve. If you do not want to receive any further communication by Eleanor and You can see results of Eleanor and post from us in the future, including our annual review and our newsletter, please email [email protected] Jayne working Jayne’s work on our website at Membership (please tick) I want to be a voting member at Anti-Slavery International’s AGM. at Anti-Slavery www.antislavery.org /10things International. Please return this form to Anti-Slavery International donate online at www.antislavery.org or call +44 (0)20 7501 8920 reporter autumn 2016 28 we change lives

Minjiza Daniel – former child domestic worker in Tanzania

“Whilst my brothers were allowed to go to school, I was forced to stop when I turned twelve, and my parents started making plans for me to be married, even though I didn’t want to. I ran away from home. In a church I went to for help, the pastor referred me to one of his church members, who was looking for a domestic worker. My employer told me I would be paid 10,000 shillings per month (about £3) but every time she was not satisfied with my work she deducted money. Often I only got about half of what I’d been told. I had to work seventeen hours a day and they gave me no time off. My employer never showed me kindness, she kept insulting me. After three years, as her children grew older, she just threw me out. I went to the church again for help and this time they put me in touch with Agape (Anti-Slavery International’s partners in Tanzania). Now I am happy. I’ve only been here at Agape for two months but I have friends. In the future I want to be a nurse, so I can help educate and care for children, especially girls who are at risk if they get pregnant too young.” Agape was founded as a result of Anti-Slavery International’s previous project with domestic workers in Tanzania by one of its beneficiaries John J. Myola, and is now one of the main partners in the new project starting this autumn. You can read about it on page 22.

Donate online at Your donation could: www.antislavery.org  help meet the costs of counselling, legal advice, or call shelter and other support for children like Minjiza +44 (0)20 7501 8920 or scan here:  ensure robust policies are in place to protect children trafficked into Britain and throughout Europe  contribute towards protecting children at risk of harmful work in India.