DOCSLIB.ORG

STRAINS of WORSHIP: the HUGUENOTS and NON CONFORMITY Robin Gwynn E Huguenots Who Came to Britain in the 1680S and 1690S Were Re

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
STRAINS of WORSHIP: the HUGUENOTS and NON CONFORMITY Robin Gwynn E Huguenots Who Came to Britain in the 1680S and 1690S Were Re CHAPTER FIVE STRAINS OF WORSHIP: THE HUGUENOTS AND NONCONFORMITY Robin Gwynn e Huguenots who came to Britain in the 1680s and 1690s were reli- gious refugees. To remain undisturbed in their homeland, they had simply to sign a statement abjuring the errors of John Calvin. Many refused to do so, or felt so guilty at what they had done that they chose to run the loss and dangers inherent in illegal ight in order to renounce abjurations they had signed under duress. eir actions speak eloquently of their religious determination, yet some who found themselves stranded across the Channel on British shores found they were expected to conform to an unfamiliar kind of Protestant worship based on more Anglican ways than was their cus- tom. is paper opens by analysing three early cases where conform- ing congregations ran into diculties. It goes on to show that while there were many practical advantages for the refugees in conforming, their memory of their French roots was oen too vivid to allow it, so that there is an unmistakable movement back towards non-conformity when opportunity permitted. e essay then examines the variety of opinion and practice cloaked by the word ‘conformity’, noting how the problematic relationship of conformity and non-conformity was not conned to England and extended well into the eighteenth century. *** As they ed, the refugees needed to decide where to make their new home. Britain looked promising. Potentially, England was the most powerful Protestant country. London was the largest Protestant city in Europe, oering excellent employment opportunities. French Protestant churches were already based in the city and in Westminster. Other French-speaking churches around the country, at Canterbury and Norwich and Southampton, shared with the readneedle Street church in London an existence and a Calvinist type of church discipline and organization that dated back to the sixteenth cen- tury. Following the onset of the dragonnades in 1681, Charles II was 122 robin gwynn remarkably prompt and generous in the invitations he issued and the concessions he offered. Many of the refugees of 1681 therefore headed across the Channel. Once in England, however, they came to understand unsettling cur- rents in their new homeland which they had not appreciated before their arrival. Potential causes for alarm included the persecution of English Nonconformists, political uncertainty in the aftermath of the Exclusion crisis, an avowedly Roman Catholic heir to the throne, and Crown financial dependence on subsidies from Louis XIV. Among royal policies which refugees could not have anticipated while in France was Charles II’s determination that any new French congregations in England should conform to the Anglican liturgy translated into French. Charles’s decision had a long historical back- ground. Archbishop Laud had been a bitter enemy of the French con- gregations in the country in the 1630s, and in the Civil War they were mostly Parliamentarian – sometimes outspokenly so. Moreover there was obvious discordance between the persecution of English Nonconformists after the Restoration and the welcome offered to French refugees who shared very similar beliefs. If the new refugees would conform, that dilemma would be resolved. The gentry and clerical leaders of the refugees, and those managing existing French congregations in England, appreciated the need not to antagonize the Court at a time when Huguenots were under such threat in their homeland. Many refugee clergy could see personal advantages, greater opportunities and a strengthened social position, if they conformed. In any event, the prime need in the immediate after- math of the dragonnades was urgent action to relieve need and settle the refugees. So the issue of conformity was not confronted head on. Instead, the situation took months to clarify. What exactly did ‘con- formity’ mean? How were terms like ‘Consistoire’ and ‘Ancien’ to be interpreted when translated into English as ‘Vestry’ and ‘Churchwarden’? How strictly was conformity to Anglican ways to be enforced? Just how attached were the Huguenots to their structures and their mem- ory of how they had worshipped in France? These questions surfaced and evoked debate and stress in the refugee community in the years after 1681. *** Between 1681 and 1687, numerous new conformist congregations were successfully established in England outside the London/ Westminster conurbation. Earliest were those at Ipswich (Suffolk) and .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
    The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration's Future: Closing the Door on the American Dream?
    Barry Law Review Volume 24 Article 2 Issue 1 Barry Law Review: Fall 2018 1-1-2019 Immigration's Future: Closing The oD or On The American Dream? Ritcy Canelon Follow this and additional works at: https://lawpublications.barry.edu/barrylrev Part of the Immigration Law Commons, International Law Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Legislation Commons, and the Other Law Commons Recommended Citation Ritcy Canelon (2019) "Immigration's Future: Closing The oorD On The American Dream?," Barry Law Review: Vol. 24 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://lawpublications.barry.edu/barrylrev/vol24/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Barry Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Barry Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Barry Law. : Immigration's Future IMMIGRATION’S FUTURE: CLOSING THE DOOR ON THE AMERICAN DREAM? Ritcy Canelon* I. INTRODUCTION History repeats itself, sometimes with new characters, new scenarios, or new twists. Throughout its history, the world has continuously seen people flee in masses from tyranny, wars, and other devastations. In the United States, the first settlers were fleeing from the religious oppression from their native homes.1 We study his- tory to feign we’ve learned from our past while ignoring all the signs of its reoccur- rence. If we never learn from history, we are Bound to repeat it, and the progress for our future may be halted by not fixing the problems from our past. The history of human immigration is not one that should be ignored. As the
    [Show full text]
  • The Integration Outcomes of U.S. Refugees
    THE INTEGRATION OUTCOMES OF U.S. REFUGEES Successes and Challenges By Randy Capps and Kathleen Newland with Susan Fratzke, Susanna Groves, Gregory Auclair, Michael Fix, and Margie McHugh MPI NATIONAL CENTER ON IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION POLICY THE INTEGRATION OUTCOMES OF U.S. REFUGEES Successes and Challenges Randy Capps and Kathleen Newland with Susan Fratzke, Susanna Groves, Gregory Auclair, Michael Fix, and Margie McHugh June 2015 Acknowledgments This report was originally prepared to inform the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) roundtable “Mismatch: Meeting the Challenges of Refugee Resettlement,” held in Washington, DC in April 2014. The private meeting convened resettlement providers, federal and state-level government officials, and civil-society stakeholders for a candid conversation on the strengths and weaknesses of the U.S. refugee resettlement program, and future directions for policy development and program expansion. The roundtable and this report were supported by a grant from the J. M. Kaplan Fund. Additional support was provided by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. © 2015 Migration Policy Institute. All Rights Reserved. Cover Design and Layout: Liz Heimann, MPI No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Migration Policy Institute. A full-text PDF of this document is available for free download from www.migrationpolicy.org. Information for reproducing excerpts from this report can be found at www.migrationpolicy.org/about/copyright-policy. Inquiries can also be directed to: Permissions Department, Migration Policy Institute, 1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036, or by contacting [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • The Nepali Caste System and Culturally Competent Mental
    THE NEPALI CASTE SYSTEM AND CULTURALLY COMPETENT MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT: EXPLORING STRATIFICATION, STRESS, AND INTEGRATION. A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty at The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Scott Swiatek May 2021 THE NEPALI CASTE SYSTEM AND CULTURALLY COMPETENT MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT: EXPLORING STRATIFICATION, STRESS, AND INTEGRATION. Scott Swiatek Dissertation Approved: Accepted: ___________________________ _____________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Juan Xi Dr. Rebecca Erickson ___________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Clare Stacey Dr. Mitchell S. Mckinney ___________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Manacy Pai Dr. Marnie Saunders ___________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Kathy Feltey ___________________________ Committee Member Dr. Marnie Watson ii ABSTRACT During the late 1990s, the Northern Bhutanese enacted policies marginalizing Bhutanese of Nepali Descent. Thousands of Bhutanese refugees were forcibly displaced to Nepal and established refugee camps where they lived for decades. While in the camps, refugees encountered traumatic life events, including torture, imprisonment, and sexual violence. Starting in 2008 and continuing for years. Bhutanese/Nepali refugees were resettled in the Akron area and encounter a new set of acculturation stressors related to finding employment, learning English, and reestablishing a new set of social networks. Older adults may cling to the Nepali caste system to cope with the unique stressors during the integration process. For over 100 years, people of Nepali descent subscribed to Muluki Ain, which codified discrimination against lower castes and mandated every individual be assigned a caste. Further, members of the ethnic and religious minority were often placed in the lower castes.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery and Exploitation of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon
    Struggling to survive: Slavery and exploitation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon 1 The Freedom Fund plays a critical role to [Slavery] is happening identify and invest in the most effective everywhere... front line efforts to end slavery and human Lebanese municipality official trafficking, bringing together a wide range of partners committed to this cause. Commissioned by the Freedom Fund, this report examines the manifestations I know a 12 year old girl of slavery and human trafficking among who has packed her toys Syrian refugees in Lebanon. It draws on in a bag because she has interviews with Syrian refugees in Lebanon, to work. She doesn’t want representatives from Lebanese and people in the camp to see international NGOs, Syrian organisations, UN bodies and Lebanese government her play with her toys and officials. The study, which was conducted think she is young and during January and February 2016, unfit to work. also reviews other recent research and Lebanese municipality official vulnerability assessments. 2 Contents 2 4 5 Executive summary Recommendations Syrian refugees in Lebanon: the growing risk of slavery and trafficking 7 10 12 Child labour Child marriage Sexual exploitation 14 16 21 Forced labour Factors contributing to Conclusion slavery and trafficking of Syrian refugees Acknowledgement We are grateful and humbled by the time and willingness that women, men and children showed in accepting to share their experience with us. We would also like to thank individuals and organisations working on the Syrian refugees crisis for taking time from their busy schedules to share their knowledge and analysis. Dr Katharine Jones Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University Contact: [email protected] Leena Ksaifi Independent Consultant and Director of The George Ksaifi Organization Contact: [email protected] Cover image © Tabitha Ross 1 Executive Summary Since it began in 2011, the conflict in Syria has crisis that has unfolded over the past five years.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
    Responses to Information Requests - Immigration and Refugee Board of... https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=4... Responses to Information Requests - Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada India: Treatment of Dalits by society and authorities; availability of state protection (2016- January 2020) 1. Overview According to sources, the term Dalit means "'broken'" or "'oppressed'" (Dalit Solidarity n.d.a; MRG n.d.; Navsarjan Trust n.d.a). Sources indicate that this group was formerly referred to as "'untouchables'" (Dalit Solidarity n.d.a; MRG n.d.; Navsarjan Trust n.d.a). They are referred to officially as "Scheduled Castes" (India 13 July 2006, 1; MRG n.d.; Navsarjan Trust n.d.a). The Indian National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) identified that Scheduled Castes are communities that "were suffering from extreme social, educational and economic backwardness arising out of [the] age-old practice of untouchability" (India 13 July 2006, 1). The Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) [1] indicates that the list of groups officially recognized as Scheduled Castes, which can be modified by the Parliament, varies from one state to another, and can even vary among districts within a state (CHRI 2018, 15). According to the 2011 Census of India [the most recent census (World Population Review [2019])], the Scheduled Castes represent 16.6 percent of the total Indian population, or 201,378,086 persons, of which 76.4 percent are in rural areas (India 2011). The census further indicates that the Scheduled Castes constitute 18.5 percent of the total rural population, and 12.6 percent of the total urban population in India (India 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Refugee Behavioral Health National and Regional Resources Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
    Refugee Behavioral Health National and Regional Resources Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ORR provides refugees and other eligible populations with opportunities to maximize their potential in the United States, linking people in need to critical resources to assist them in becoming integrated members of American society. Refugee Health: Many factors can affect refugee health, including conditions in the country of origin or refugee camp. Without feeling healthy, it is difficult to work, to attend school, or to take care of a family. Physical and emotional wellness and access to healthcare are foundations for successful resettlement. ORR’s Division of Refugee Health http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/programs/refugee-health o Women's Health Videos: A four-part video series, “Somali Refugee Women: Learn about your Health!” covers a variety of health issues, including reproductive health, prenatal care, pregnancy, cancer screenings, diet, exercise and more. Refugee Health Technical Assistance Center http://www.RefugeeHealthTA.org o Access to Care: Affordable Care Act, Language Access (including interpreter best practices), Translated Health Education Materials o Refugee Health Updates: News, Resources, Funding , Trainings and Events Refugees and the Affordable Care Act (video in several languages and materials): http://refugeehealthta.org/access-to-care/affordable-care-act/resources-for-providers-and-refugees/ http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/health Refugee Health Information Network http://www.RHIN.org
    [Show full text]
  • Refugee Definition
    REFUGEE, ASYLUM, AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS DIRECTORATE (RAIO) RAIO DIRECTORATE – OFFICER TRAINING RAIO Combined Training Program REFUGEE DEFINITION TRAINING MODULE DATE (see schedule of revisions): 12/20/2019 Refugee Definition This Page Left Blank Intentionally USCIS: RAIO Directorate – Officer Training DATE (see schedule of revisions): 12/20/2019 RAIO Combined Training Program Page 2 of 27 Refugee Definition RAIO Directorate – Officer Training / RAIO Combined Training Program REFUGEE DEFINITION Training Module MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module discusses the definition of a refugee as codified in the Immigration and Nationality Act and its interpretation in administrative and judicial case law. TERMINAL PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE(S) When adjudicating a request for asylum or refugee resettlement, you will correctly apply the law to determine eligibility for asylum in the United States or resettlement in the United States as a refugee. 0) ENABLING PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Explain the elements necessary to establish that an individual is a refugee. Explain eligibility issues raised by facts presented in a case. Describe how to determine nationality, if any, of an applicant. • INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS • Interactive Presentation • Discussion • Group and individual practical exercises METHOD(S) OF EVALUATION • Multiple-choice exam REQUIRED READING USCIS: RAIO Directorate – Officer Training DATE (see schedule of revisions): 12/20/2019 RAIO Combined Training Program Page 3 of 27 Refugee Definition INA §101(a)(42) • Required Reading – International and Refugee Adjudications Required Reading – Asylum Adjudications ADDITIONAL RESOURCES UNHCR Handbook • Additional Resources – International and Refugee Adjudications Additional Resources – Asylum Adjudications CRITICAL TASKS SOURCE: The Tasks listed below are from the Asylum Division’s 2001 Revalidation. These tasks will need to be modified to reflect the results of the RAIO Directorate – Officer Training Validation study.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity
    The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wilkinson, Ryan Hayes. 2015. The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467211 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity A dissertation presented by Ryan Hayes Wilkinson to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2015 © 2015 Ryan Hayes Wilkinson All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Michael McCormick Ryan Hayes Wilkinson The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity Abstract In the fifth and sixth centuries CE, the Roman Empire fragmented, along with its network of political, cultural, and socio-economic connections. How did that network’s collapse reshape the social and mental horizons of communities in one part of the Roman world, now eastern France? Did new political frontiers between barbarian kingdoms redirect those communities’ external connections, and if so, how? To address these questions, this dissertation focuses on the cities of two Gallo-Roman tribal groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Achievements of the Ancient Celts
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses College of Arts & Sciences 5-2013 Revisiting the achievements of the Ancient Celts : evidence that the Celtic civilization surpassed contemporary European civilizations in its technical sophistication and social complexity, and continues to influence later cultures. Adam Dahmer University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/honors Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Dahmer, Adam, "Revisiting the achievements of the Ancient Celts : evidence that the Celtic civilization surpassed contemporary European civilizations in its technical sophistication and social complexity, and continues to influence later cultures." (2013). College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses. Paper 11. http://doi.org/10.18297/honors/11 This Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dahmer 1 A Lost Civilization as Great as Any Scholars traditionally associate the advancement of Western culture from antiquity to the Renaissance with the innovations of the Romans and their Mediterranean cultural predecessors, the Greeks and Etruscans, to the extent that the word "civilization" often seems synonymous with Romanization. In doing so, historians unfairly discount the cultural achievements of other Indo-European peoples who achieved civilization in their own right and contributed much to ancient and modern life.
    [Show full text]
  • Response to Syrian Refugees! Now, WE NEED CLERGY and OTHER FAITH LEADERS to SIGN on to THIS FAITH LEADERS LETTER
    Dear Disciples Leaders, October 6, 2015 Congratulations for the difference you are already making in ensuring our nation’s compassionate response to Syrian refugees! Now, WE NEED CLERGY AND OTHER FAITH LEADERS TO SIGN ON TO THIS FAITH LEADERS LETTER http://bit.ly/WelcomeAllRefugees IMMEDIATELY to support Syrian refugees!! Add your name to the Faith Leaders Letter here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1PNbNKO3TV1ZcoaKhhddNCV209kzGJvDs4yS11y5ODZw /viewform. Names added today will be listed as the letter is shared with Members of Congress ahead of a House Hearing on Syrian Refugee Resettlement this Wednesday. After that time, we’ll continue to gather signatures, and will continue to send the letter to national leaders. Please, will you help us share this alert and letter with all clergy colleagues that you know? Invite church members and friends to sign the Petition to the President: In this time of the WORST HUMANITARIAN CRISIS our world has experienced since WWII, I am delighted to report that Disciples last week helped push us over the needed threshold of 100,000 sign-ons needed for a Petition to the President, requesting a greater number of Syrians be resettled! THANK YOU, CONGRATULATIONS, and we will let you know the response to your request we receive from the White House! This Petition to the President is still open for signatures from ALL church and community members: https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/authorize-and-resettle-syrian-refugees-us. We hope you can share it far and wide with church members and friends as a concrete way all Americans can help demonstrate our readiness to welcome Syrians currently seeking resettlement! Celebrate voices of faith supporting refugees: Also last week, Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Abolishing Slavery and Its Contemporary Forms
    HR/PUB/02/4 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OHCHR Abolishing Slavery and its Contemporary Forms David Weissbrodt and Anti-Slavery International* United Nations New York and Geneva 2002 * Michael Dottridge, Director NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat con- cerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Copyright © United Nations 2002 All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely quoted or reproduced or stored in a retrieval system for non-commercial purposes, provided that credit is given and a copy of the publication containing the reprinted material is sent to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form without the prior permission of the copyright owner if the purpose relates to profit-making ventures. The licensing of rights for commercial purposes is encouraged by the United Nations. HR/PUB/02/4 CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... v Paragraphs Introduction ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]