DOCSLIB.ORG

The New Deal in Old Rome

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The New Deal in Old Rome THE NEW DEAL IN OLD ROME HOW GOVERNMENT IN THE ANCIENT WORLD TRIED TO DEAL WITH MODERN PROBLEMS B Y H. J. HASKELL NEW YORK • ALFRED A KNOPF • 19 4 7 THIS IS A BORZOI BOOK, PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A. KNOPF, INC. * Copyright 1939 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review to be printed in a magazine or newspaper. Manufactured in the United States of America PUBLISHED MAY 15, 1939 SECOND PRINTING, JUNE 1939 SECOND EDITION, REVISED, AUGUST 1947 Published simultaneously in Canada by The Ryerson Press TO ALH- WHOSE ENTHUSIASM TOOK US TO THE PONT DU GARD, WHERE THIS ADVENTURE BEGAN :S^^O^^3<D^^^ PREFACE AN AMATEUR is, of course, presuming to enter the field of the historian. In this case there may be mitigating circumstances. Work as a newspaper man has kept me in touch with political and economic problems in the modern world. I hope familiarity with these prob- lems has given a fresh slant on similar problems in the past. To prevent any misconception let me say at the outset that this book is neither a criticism nor a de- fence of the New Deal. It is an attempt to provide an objective survey of instances of government interven- tion in the ancient world. Many of these were so like experiments tried in the United States in recent years that they may fairly be classed as New Deal measures. I have tried to show what these experiments were, why they were tried, and how they worked. Making allowance for the differences between ancient and modern society, I have ventured to call attention to certain warning signals from the past. v PREFACE While directed primarily at the economic aspects of the history of Rome, the book is intended to include enough of the political background to make the eco- nomic aspects intelligible. In the discussion I have introduced personal incidents to reveal the Romans as human beings, moved by motives and emotions very like those in modern America. The failure of the Roman system to furnish decent minimum standards of living for the mass of the peo- ple was a fundamental cause of instability, both po- litical and economic. The decay of character that at- tended the sudden rush of great wealth undermined the Republic even before it was submerged by civil wars. Later, in a society unstable through social bit- terness, extravagant public spending proved fatal. A British commentator, Professor F. E. Adcock of Cam- bridge University, remarks on the price the world fi- nally had to pay for " the gilding of the Golden Age of the Antonines." The spending for non-productive public works, for the bureaucracy, and for the army, led to excessive taxation, inflation, and the ruin of the essential middle class and its leaders. It destroyed the men whom Leon Homo, French historian, calls, in a brilliant phrase, "the general staff of civiliza- tion." These facts have implications that may be pertinent today. I have not cited authorities. The ordinary reader, Vi PREFACE I suspect, finds footnotes a rather formidable inter- ruption, and my references should be familiar to his- torians, should any do me the honour to read the book. I may say, however, that for the sake of my own conscience and for the convenience of consult- ants I have prepared a reference list citing a respect- able authority, I believe, for every statement of fact. Historical soundness has been a constant aim. So far as I am aware, no historian has collected in a single volume the economic material here used. It has therefore been necessary to comb out the relevant matter from many books and monographs, including those of ancient as well as modern writers. Perhaps my chief debt is to Tenney Frank, M. Rostovtzeff, Frank Burr Marsh, Rice Holmes, W. E. Heitland, Leon Homo, and contributors to the Cambridge An- cient History. The Latin and Greek writers of the period, translated in the Loeb Classical Library, pub- lished by the Harvard University Press, have been an ever present help. Most of the translated quota- tions in this book are from the Loeb Library, with its generous permission. Further I am under heavy obligation to scores of modern historians, such as A. H. J. Greenidge, H. F. Pelham, Sir Samuel Dill, H. M. D. Parker, F. F. Abbott, J. F. Thompson, Warde Fowler, T. G. Tucker, Grant Showerman, R. G. Col- lingwood, M. Cary, Eugene Albertini, and Henri vii PREFACE Pirenne — to mention only a few. For the benefit of those who may wish to pursue the subject further, I have supplied a reading list as an appendix. In preparing the book I have been fortunate in as- sistance from specialists. I am exceedingly grateful to Professor Marsh for suggestions on many points and especially for helping me straighten out various complicated problems in which I found myself in- volved. I have also had frequent and generous aid from Professor Arthur T. Walker of the University of Kansas, and Professor Louis E. Lord of Oberlin Col- lege. To soften the wrath of meticulous classicists, I may say that I have deliberately tried to keep away from words with an archaic flavour that are commonly used in historical writing. So far as possible I have avoided Latin words. I have spoken of the Big Business crowd instead of " equites " or " knights." I have referred to the granaries along the Tiber as " elevators/' As an aside to historians, I trust they will believe that I recognize the controversial nature of many of the subjects discussed — the real object of the Gracchan public works, the effect on unemployment, Catiline's platform when he ran for consul in 63 B.C., Cassar's first land legislation, and so on. In all these cases I have followed what has seemed to me the weight of the rather insubstantial evidence available. The history of economic experiments by the gov- viii PREFACE ernment in the Roman world has proved a fascinat- ing field for inquiry. I can only hope the facts set forth in this book will prove as interesting to others as they have to me. H. J. HASKELL The Kansas City Star January 1, 1939 NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION The reprinting of this volume has given an oppor- tunity to make a few minor changes. Most of these have to do with historical comparisons involving the second World War. H. J. H. The Kansas City Star October 1, 1946 IX 5«33«3«!33*533*X£5S3S3«X53^^ CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Beginning an Adventure 3 CHAPTER II. When Rome Went Modern 18 CHAPTER III. A Tour of Orientation 36 CHAPTER IV. Early New Deal Experiments 50 CHAPTER V. The Get-Rich-Quick Era 73 CHAPTER VI. The Farm Problem Emerges 86 CHAPTER VII. Big Business in Politics 104 CHAPTER VIII. The Republic Couldn't Stand Prosperity 134 CHAPTER IX. Drift to Dictatorship 154 CHAPTER X. Boom and Depression 178 CHAPTER XL Prelude to Crisis 194 CHAPTER XII. The Totalitarian State 214 CHAPTER XIII. Warning Signals 226 XI CONTENTS APPENDIX I. Chronology of Roman New Deal Measures and Other Economic Ex- periments 237 APPENDIX II. If You Wish to Read Further 242 APPENDIX III. A List of Books 251 INDEX follows page 258 The Italian Maps The four maps grouped before the first page of text are re- productions of the marble maps set by the Italian Government on the brick wall of the fourth-century Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine in Rome. The wall abuts on the Via dell' Impero, the new boulevard from the Victor Emmanuel Monu- ment to the Colosseum. The maps illustrate the expansion of the Roman domain from the Tiber settlement of the eighth century before Christ to the Empire at its greatest extent under Trajan early in the second century of the Christian era. The Roman territory is shown in white, the rest of the world in black. (Photos by courtesy of the ENIT.) xii THE SHEPHERDS SETTLEMENT ON THE TIBER IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY BEFORE CHRIST. c BY THE END OF THE THIRD WAR WITH CARTHAGE, I46 B.C., THE REPUBLIC HAD CARRIED ITS RULE ALONG THE NORTHERN SHORE OF THE MEDITER- RANEAN AND ACROSS TO AFRICA. AT THE DEATH OF AUGUSTUS, A.D. 14, WESTERN AND PART OF CENTRAL EUROPE HAD BEEN BROUGHT WITHIN THE ROMAN ORBIT, TOGETHER WITH THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AND MUCH OF NORTHERN AFRICA. UNDER TRAJAN, EARLY IN THE SECOND CENTURY OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA, THE EMPIRE REACHED ITS GREATEST EXTENT. IT COVERED THE ENTIRE MEDI- TERRANEAN BASIN TO THE RIVERS OF ASIA AND INCLUDED RUMANIA AND ENGLAND. THE NEW DEAL IN OLD ROME :^5^**x^^^ CHAPTER I BEGINNING AN ADVENTURE IT was a drive with Mrs. Haskell .over the Pont du Gard in southern France that led to the adventure of this little book. Here was a fine stone bridge sur- mounted by an aqueduct that crossed the River Gard near Avignon at an elevation of 165 feet above the bed of the stream. The aqueduct was built in the time of Augustus, nineteen hundred years ago. The soaring structure stands a monument to the archi- tectural and artistic ability of Rome. Under its spell I began to consider what sort of civilization had pro- duced it. Then the old problem recurred as to the reasons for the decay of the administrative and en- gineering genius that had been required to carry out such an achievement so far from the centre of the Roman world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
    The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration's Future: Closing the Door on the American Dream?
    Barry Law Review Volume 24 Article 2 Issue 1 Barry Law Review: Fall 2018 1-1-2019 Immigration's Future: Closing The oD or On The American Dream? Ritcy Canelon Follow this and additional works at: https://lawpublications.barry.edu/barrylrev Part of the Immigration Law Commons, International Law Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Legislation Commons, and the Other Law Commons Recommended Citation Ritcy Canelon (2019) "Immigration's Future: Closing The oorD On The American Dream?," Barry Law Review: Vol. 24 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://lawpublications.barry.edu/barrylrev/vol24/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Barry Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Barry Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Barry Law. : Immigration's Future IMMIGRATION’S FUTURE: CLOSING THE DOOR ON THE AMERICAN DREAM? Ritcy Canelon* I. INTRODUCTION History repeats itself, sometimes with new characters, new scenarios, or new twists. Throughout its history, the world has continuously seen people flee in masses from tyranny, wars, and other devastations. In the United States, the first settlers were fleeing from the religious oppression from their native homes.1 We study his- tory to feign we’ve learned from our past while ignoring all the signs of its reoccur- rence. If we never learn from history, we are Bound to repeat it, and the progress for our future may be halted by not fixing the problems from our past. The history of human immigration is not one that should be ignored. As the
    [Show full text]
  • The Integration Outcomes of U.S. Refugees
    THE INTEGRATION OUTCOMES OF U.S. REFUGEES Successes and Challenges By Randy Capps and Kathleen Newland with Susan Fratzke, Susanna Groves, Gregory Auclair, Michael Fix, and Margie McHugh MPI NATIONAL CENTER ON IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION POLICY THE INTEGRATION OUTCOMES OF U.S. REFUGEES Successes and Challenges Randy Capps and Kathleen Newland with Susan Fratzke, Susanna Groves, Gregory Auclair, Michael Fix, and Margie McHugh June 2015 Acknowledgments This report was originally prepared to inform the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) roundtable “Mismatch: Meeting the Challenges of Refugee Resettlement,” held in Washington, DC in April 2014. The private meeting convened resettlement providers, federal and state-level government officials, and civil-society stakeholders for a candid conversation on the strengths and weaknesses of the U.S. refugee resettlement program, and future directions for policy development and program expansion. The roundtable and this report were supported by a grant from the J. M. Kaplan Fund. Additional support was provided by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. © 2015 Migration Policy Institute. All Rights Reserved. Cover Design and Layout: Liz Heimann, MPI No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Migration Policy Institute. A full-text PDF of this document is available for free download from www.migrationpolicy.org. Information for reproducing excerpts from this report can be found at www.migrationpolicy.org/about/copyright-policy. Inquiries can also be directed to: Permissions Department, Migration Policy Institute, 1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036, or by contacting [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • The Nepali Caste System and Culturally Competent Mental
    THE NEPALI CASTE SYSTEM AND CULTURALLY COMPETENT MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT: EXPLORING STRATIFICATION, STRESS, AND INTEGRATION. A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty at The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Scott Swiatek May 2021 THE NEPALI CASTE SYSTEM AND CULTURALLY COMPETENT MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT: EXPLORING STRATIFICATION, STRESS, AND INTEGRATION. Scott Swiatek Dissertation Approved: Accepted: ___________________________ _____________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Juan Xi Dr. Rebecca Erickson ___________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Clare Stacey Dr. Mitchell S. Mckinney ___________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Manacy Pai Dr. Marnie Saunders ___________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Kathy Feltey ___________________________ Committee Member Dr. Marnie Watson ii ABSTRACT During the late 1990s, the Northern Bhutanese enacted policies marginalizing Bhutanese of Nepali Descent. Thousands of Bhutanese refugees were forcibly displaced to Nepal and established refugee camps where they lived for decades. While in the camps, refugees encountered traumatic life events, including torture, imprisonment, and sexual violence. Starting in 2008 and continuing for years. Bhutanese/Nepali refugees were resettled in the Akron area and encounter a new set of acculturation stressors related to finding employment, learning English, and reestablishing a new set of social networks. Older adults may cling to the Nepali caste system to cope with the unique stressors during the integration process. For over 100 years, people of Nepali descent subscribed to Muluki Ain, which codified discrimination against lower castes and mandated every individual be assigned a caste. Further, members of the ethnic and religious minority were often placed in the lower castes.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature and General
    The Classical Quarterly http://journals.cambridge.org/CAQ Additional services for The Classical Quarterly: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Literature and General The Classical Quarterly / Volume 14 / Issue 3-4 / July 1920, pp 195 - 207 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838800021662, Published online: 11 February 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009838800021662 How to cite this article: (1920). Literature and General. The Classical Quarterly, 14, pp 195-207 doi:10.1017/ S0009838800021662 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAQ, IP address: 139.80.123.36 on 16 Mar 2015 SUMMARIES OF PERIODICALS. LITERATURE AND GENERAL. [IMPROVED communications and the goodwill of publishers of many nationalities now enable us to make good some of the recent gaps in these summaries. The notes on the Gottingische gelehrte Anzeigen are supplementary to those which have already appeared. Readers will especially welcome the reappearance of the Musee Beige after the destruction of its plant and stock in the fire of Lou vain. These summaries will in future deal only with original work appearing in the periodicals. Reviews of important books will be mentioned in the lists of new books published in the Classical Review.—EDD. C.Q.] American Journal of Philology. XL. 4. 1919. S. E. Bassett, The Theory of the Homeric Caesura according to the Extant Remains of the Ancient Doctrine. Caesura (TO/«J) was not recognized in the classic period of Greek literature. Caesura is purely metrical and expresses the conflict between the end of the word and the end of the foot.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery and Exploitation of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon
    Struggling to survive: Slavery and exploitation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon 1 The Freedom Fund plays a critical role to [Slavery] is happening identify and invest in the most effective everywhere... front line efforts to end slavery and human Lebanese municipality official trafficking, bringing together a wide range of partners committed to this cause. Commissioned by the Freedom Fund, this report examines the manifestations I know a 12 year old girl of slavery and human trafficking among who has packed her toys Syrian refugees in Lebanon. It draws on in a bag because she has interviews with Syrian refugees in Lebanon, to work. She doesn’t want representatives from Lebanese and people in the camp to see international NGOs, Syrian organisations, UN bodies and Lebanese government her play with her toys and officials. The study, which was conducted think she is young and during January and February 2016, unfit to work. also reviews other recent research and Lebanese municipality official vulnerability assessments. 2 Contents 2 4 5 Executive summary Recommendations Syrian refugees in Lebanon: the growing risk of slavery and trafficking 7 10 12 Child labour Child marriage Sexual exploitation 14 16 21 Forced labour Factors contributing to Conclusion slavery and trafficking of Syrian refugees Acknowledgement We are grateful and humbled by the time and willingness that women, men and children showed in accepting to share their experience with us. We would also like to thank individuals and organisations working on the Syrian refugees crisis for taking time from their busy schedules to share their knowledge and analysis. Dr Katharine Jones Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University Contact: [email protected] Leena Ksaifi Independent Consultant and Director of The George Ksaifi Organization Contact: [email protected] Cover image © Tabitha Ross 1 Executive Summary Since it began in 2011, the conflict in Syria has crisis that has unfolded over the past five years.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
    Responses to Information Requests - Immigration and Refugee Board of... https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=4... Responses to Information Requests - Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada India: Treatment of Dalits by society and authorities; availability of state protection (2016- January 2020) 1. Overview According to sources, the term Dalit means "'broken'" or "'oppressed'" (Dalit Solidarity n.d.a; MRG n.d.; Navsarjan Trust n.d.a). Sources indicate that this group was formerly referred to as "'untouchables'" (Dalit Solidarity n.d.a; MRG n.d.; Navsarjan Trust n.d.a). They are referred to officially as "Scheduled Castes" (India 13 July 2006, 1; MRG n.d.; Navsarjan Trust n.d.a). The Indian National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) identified that Scheduled Castes are communities that "were suffering from extreme social, educational and economic backwardness arising out of [the] age-old practice of untouchability" (India 13 July 2006, 1). The Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) [1] indicates that the list of groups officially recognized as Scheduled Castes, which can be modified by the Parliament, varies from one state to another, and can even vary among districts within a state (CHRI 2018, 15). According to the 2011 Census of India [the most recent census (World Population Review [2019])], the Scheduled Castes represent 16.6 percent of the total Indian population, or 201,378,086 persons, of which 76.4 percent are in rural areas (India 2011). The census further indicates that the Scheduled Castes constitute 18.5 percent of the total rural population, and 12.6 percent of the total urban population in India (India 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • The Jewels of Aptor, by Samuel R
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Jewels of Aptor, by Samuel R. Delany This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Jewels of Aptor Author: Samuel R. Delany Release Date: February 3, 2013 [EBook #41981] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JEWELS OF APTOR *** Produced by Greg Weeks, Mary Meehan and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net THE JEWELS OF APTOR by SAMUEL R. DELANY ACE BOOKS, INC. 1120 Avenue of the Americas New York 36, N.Y. THE JEWELS OF APTOR Copyright ©, 1962, by Ace Books, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. The waves flung up against the purple glow of double sleeplessness. Along the piers the ships return; but sailing I would go through double rings of fire, double fears. So therefore let your bright vaults heave the night about with ropes of wind and points of light, and say, as all the rolling stars go, "I have stood my feet on rock and seen the sky." —These are the opening lines from The Galactica, by the one-armed poet Geo, the epic of the conflicts of Leptar and Aptor. PROLOGUE Afterwards, she was taken down to the sea. She didn't feel too well, so she sat on a rock down where the sand was wet and scrunched her bare toes in and out of the cool surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Refugee Behavioral Health National and Regional Resources Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
    Refugee Behavioral Health National and Regional Resources Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ORR provides refugees and other eligible populations with opportunities to maximize their potential in the United States, linking people in need to critical resources to assist them in becoming integrated members of American society. Refugee Health: Many factors can affect refugee health, including conditions in the country of origin or refugee camp. Without feeling healthy, it is difficult to work, to attend school, or to take care of a family. Physical and emotional wellness and access to healthcare are foundations for successful resettlement. ORR’s Division of Refugee Health http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/programs/refugee-health o Women's Health Videos: A four-part video series, “Somali Refugee Women: Learn about your Health!” covers a variety of health issues, including reproductive health, prenatal care, pregnancy, cancer screenings, diet, exercise and more. Refugee Health Technical Assistance Center http://www.RefugeeHealthTA.org o Access to Care: Affordable Care Act, Language Access (including interpreter best practices), Translated Health Education Materials o Refugee Health Updates: News, Resources, Funding , Trainings and Events Refugees and the Affordable Care Act (video in several languages and materials): http://refugeehealthta.org/access-to-care/affordable-care-act/resources-for-providers-and-refugees/ http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/health Refugee Health Information Network http://www.RHIN.org
    [Show full text]
  • Congressionali RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 19
    ' 1660. CONGRESSIONAli RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 19,_. the passage of the so-called Pem·ose-Griffin bill • to the Com- SENATE. mittee on the Post Office and Post Roads-. ' · Also, petitiQn of Local Union No. 325, Ogden Utah of the FRIDAY, Janua1'.V 19, 1917. I, International Union of the· United Brewery Workmen' against all prohibitory legislation ; to the Committee on the J~diciary. Rabbi Leo M. Franklin, of Detr~it, Mich., offered the follow­ Also, memorial of Theatrical Stage Employees' Union of Salt ing prllyer : Lake City, against House bill 18986 and Senate blll 4429 and Almighty God, in whose hands are the destinies of men and similar exclusion legislation ; to the Committee on the Post natiollS, earnestly do we seek Thee in this hour. As i)l the Office and Post Roads. ages past Thou hast guided men through storm and stress to Also, memorial of Local Union No. 30, Brotherhood of Rail­ s~ety and peace ; as in all times Thy love has lifted and in­ way Mail Clerks, in favor of increased compensation for postal spired the hearts of men to deeds of heroism and of self-forget­ employees ; to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. ti~g sacrifice, so in these times, 0 Father, do Thou bless us Also, petition of Local Union No. 64 of the International With the light of Thine on-leading love, so that there may be in Unio~ of the United Brewery Workmen, Salt Lake City, against kindled our hearts the fires of loyalty to all that lifts life to all prohibition laws; to the Committee on the Judiciary.
    [Show full text]
  • Oongression Al~ Record-Sen Ate
    1899. OONGRESSION AL~ RECORD-SENATE. 1443 By Mr. RAY of New York: Petition of citizens of the Twenty­ women of Hawaii; which was referred to the Select Committee si:xth Congressi onal district of the State of New York, for the abo­ on \Voman Suffrage. lition of the sale of liquors in Government buildings, etc.-to the He also presented a memorial of the executive board of the Na­ Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. tional Live Stock Exchange, r emonstrating against the unjust By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Petition of citizens of Steuben statements reported to be made by officials high in authority rela­ County, Ind., to prohibit the sale of liquor in canteens and in im­ tive to the live-stock industry; which was referred to the Commit­ migrant stations and Government buildings-to the Committee tee on Agriculture and Forestry. on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Mr. HOAR presented the memorial of Charles Franqis Adams, Dy Mr. SHOW ALTER: Petition of Winfield Grange, No. 1105, of Boston, Mass., and 22 other prominent citizens of the United of Butler County, Pa., urging the passage of the Hanna-Payne States, remonstrating against the ratification of the treaty of ~hipping bill-to tho Committee on the Merchant Marine and peace without amendment; which was referred to the Committee Fisheries. on Foreign Relations. Also, petition of the United Presbyterian congregation of Rocky He also presented the memorials of F. J. Kinney and 61 other Springs, Pa., to prohibit the sale of liquor in canteens, in immi­ citizens, and of Herbert F. Binney and 9 other citizens, all in the grant stations, and in Government buildings-to the Committee State of Massachusetts; of R.
    [Show full text]
  • Louise Adams Holland 1893-1990
    Louise Adams Holland 1893-1990 By Marian H. Macalister Philologist by profession, teacher by occupation, and archaeologist in method, Louise Elizabeth Whetenhall Adams was a topographer at heart.1 Louise Adams was born in Brooklyn, New York, July 3, 1893, the third child but first daughter of six children. Her grandfather, Williams Adams, from a Virginia family, had spent some time in Cuba where he had been instrumental in the introduction of gas lighting. While there he met and married Carmen Michelena y Rojas, a Venezuelan of Basque ancestry, whose brothers held various government positions in Venezuela. When his affairs brought him to the New York area, William Adams chose to build a house in the then more cosmopolitan community of Brooklyn, since his wife, who had been educated in France, was uncomfortable speaking English. Louise’s father, Charles Frederick Adams, was born in Cuba and learned Spanish as his first language; although he and his brother were sent to school in New York, he used Spanish for counting throughout his life. He became a member of a law firm in New York City and had an amateur interest in astronomy, which he passed on to his daughter. 2 Louise’s mother, Henrietta Rozier, came from a Maryland family and was “born within the sound of the guns” of the Civil War. She probably had little formal education other than that expected for young ladies at the time. Her interests were principally in homemaking. As a widow she moved to a house in the Ramapo Hills on the southern border of New York, where she raised her own vegetables and became very knowledgeable about wild plants that could be used for food.
    [Show full text]