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Child Poverty and Deprivation in Refugee-Hosting Areas Evidence from Uganda ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Child Poverty and Deprivation in Refugee-Hosting Areas Evidence from Uganda ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE REPUBLICREPUBLIC OF OF UGANDA UGANDA Child Poverty and Deprivation in Refugee-Hosting Areas EVIDENCE FROM UGANDA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Building on the inclusion of a module on the consensual approach to measuring child poverty and deprivation in the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS, 2016/17) by the ever-innovative Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBoS), this study represents the first attempt to compare child poverty and deprivation in host and refugee communities in the country. Globally, it represents the first application of the consensual approach to poverty in emergency situations. The research and drafting of this report was led by Sheila Depio, Gemma Ahaibwe and Ibrahim Kasirye at the Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), in close collaboration with Shailen Nandy and Marco Pomati at the University of Cardiff, and Nathalie Meyer and Diego Angemi at UNICEF Uganda. Frances Ellery provided significant editorial inputs, while Rachel Kanyana designed the report and all associated advocacy materials. Photo credits @UNICEF THE REPUBLICREPUBLIC OF OF UGANDA UGANDA CHILD POVERTY AND DEPRIVATION IN REFUGEE-HOSTING AREAS EVIDENCE FROM Uganda 2018 FOREWORD While Uganda’s rigorous involvement with refugees dates back to the 1960s, the recent influx (starting in mid-2016) has been the greatest the country has ever experienced. In fact, for the first time in the country’s history, the number of refugees has crossed the 1 million mark and in some districts such as Adjumani and Moyo there are now more refugees than host population. This study provides evidence on the situation and vulnerability of refugees in Uganda, including urban refugees in Kampala, and that of host communities in the main refugee-hosting regions. It identifies the determinants of social service sufficiency, and provides practical recommendations on how to manage social service delivery equitably for both refugee and host communities. Most importantly, the findings and policy recommendations provide an unprecedented opportunity to alleviate child poverty and deprivation by strengthening the connections between national development and humanitarian response. Only by fostering better cohesion and integration between refugees and hosts will we make progress vis-à-vis the post-2015 SDG agenda and achieve inclusive growth. Sarah Ssewanyana Doreen Mulenga Executive Director Country Representative Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC) UNICEF Uganda CHILD POVERTY AND DEPRIVATION IN REFUGEE-HOSTING AREAS: EVIDENCE FROM UGANDA i CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................................I ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................................ VI DEFINITIONS .........................................................................................................................................................VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................VIII INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE HOSTING IN UGANDA ...............................2 1.2 TRENDS AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS ....................................................................................................................................5 1.3 POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR REFUGEE HOSTING IN UGANDA ............................................7 1.4 EXTENT OF VULNERABILITY IN REFUGEE AND HOST COMMUNITIES ..............................9 METHODOLOGY .....................................................................................................................................................13 2.1 STUDY SITE SELECTION AND STUDY SITE PROFILES ........................................................15 2.2 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ............................................................................................................15 2.3 QUALITATIVE DATA .................................................................................................................16 2.4 SuRVEY DESIGN AND SAMPLE SIZE ...................................................................................17 CHILD POVERTY AND DEPRIVATION .................................................................................................................18 3.1 SOCIALLY-PERCEIVED NECESSITIES (SPNS) .......................................................................19 3.2 DePRIVATION OF SPNS FOR CHILDREN AMONG HOSTS AND REFUGEES ......................20 ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES .............................................................................................................................24 4.1 HEALTH ....................................................................................................................................25 4.1.1 Access to health services........................................................................................................25 4.1.2 Utilisation of health services ..................................................................................................27 4.1.3 Nutrition ..................................................................................................................................29 4.1.4 Barriers to health care access ................................................................................................33 4.1.5 Key findings .............................................................................................................................35 4.2 EDUCATION .............................................................................................................................35 4.2.1 Attending school and access to education ............................................................................35 4.2.2 School facilities and expenditure ...........................................................................................39 4.2.3 Barriers to education ...............................................................................................................41 4.2.4 Key findings .............................................................................................................................43 4.3 PROTECTION ...........................................................................................................................44 4.3.1 Birth registration ...................................................................................................................44 4.3.2 Child marriage and teenage pregnancy ................................................................................46 4.3.3 Violence ....................................................................................................................................46 ii CHILD POVERTY AND DEPRIVATION IN REFUGEE-HOSTING AREAS: EVIDENCE FROM UGANDA 4.3.4 Child labour .............................................................................................................................47 4.3.5 Protection and justice systems ..............................................................................................47 4.3.6 Key findings ............................................................................................................................48 4.4 CLEAN AND SAFE ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................49 4.4.1 Water infrastructure ..............................................................................................................49 4.4.2 Latrine coverage ....................................................................................................................51 4.4.3 Constraints to WASH ...............................................................................................................52 4.4.4 Handwashing and hygiene programmes ..............................................................................53 4.4.5 Key findings .............................................................................................................................53 4.5 WeLFARE AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ...................................................................................54 4.5.1 Household livelihoods ............................................................................................................54 4.5.2 Access to agricultural land ...................................................................................................55 4.5.3 Key findings ............................................................................................................................57 TOWARDS SOCIAL INTEGRATION ......................................................................................................................58 5.1 WATER DEPRIVATION ............................................................................................................59 5.2 SANITATION DEPRIVATION ..................................................................................................60 5.3 SHELTER DEPRIVATION ..........................................................................................................61 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................63
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