17652 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 ing GAO's ban on private sector ticketing of age the executive branch to tighten up Albert Joseph McKnight, of Louisiana. government employees, especially since your its travel regulations and utilize the new Juan J. Patlan, of Texas. agency has est imated that over $9 million is discount fares whenever and wherever Derek N. Shearer, of California. spent annually in salaries and equipment for Roger C. Altman, Assistant Secretary of the Federal Government ticket writers who sim possible. Treasury. ply duplicate the services which private So, Mr. rresident, I urge my colleagues Carol Tucker Foreman, Assistant Secretary travel agents would provide at no cost ? to join as cosponsors of S. 697. It is of Agriculture. Answer: The $9 million cited does not designed to reduce by $500 million the Geno Charles Baroni, Assistant Secretary represent the cost of duplicate services. It is amount that may be spent for travel and of Housing and Urban Development. the cost of personnel involved in t ravel agent transportation of Federal employees Sam W. Brown, Jr., Director of the ACTION type functions. We are unable to determine during fiscal year 1980. I point out that Agency. '\l>.. hat part, if any, of this could be saved if the to Lawrence Connell, Jr., Chairman, National travel functions were turned over to travel this is a bipartisan effort reduce non Credit Union Administration Board. agents. Also, it would be pointed out that the essential travel expenditures. This pro use of travel agents is not necessarily wit hout posed legislation is being cosponsored Executive nominations received by the cost. More than likely the commissions paid by Senators BAYH, LEAHY, SARBANES, Secretary of the Senate July 5, 1979, un to travel agents will be passed on by the air PROXMIRE, DANFORTH, HUDDLESTON, LEVIN, der authority of the order of the Senate lines to all travelers--Oovernment and pri HOLLINGS, STEWART, FORD, EXON, BOREN, of June 27, 1979: vate as well. HEINZ, THURMOND, COHEN, BENTSEN, BAU DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN Question: I reviewed the hearings held last CUS, PERCY, BURDICK, HARRY F. BYRD, JR., DEVELOPMENT year by the House Small Business Committee on the GAO ban. The hearings indicated that DECONCINI, ROBERT C. BYRD, MORGAN, Jane McGrew, of Maryland, to be General t he travel agent business is highly decentral WALLOP, BUMPERS, STONE, HATCH and Counsel of the Department of Housing and ized-in that sense classic small business HEFLIN. Urban Development, vice Ruth Prokop, but it is also highly modernized. The hear I urge my colleagues to join us by con resigned. ings also indicated that the travel agents tacting me or the subcommittee clerk, THE JUDICIARY would like to bid on government travel but Mr. Terrence Sauvain, at 224-7251.• James M. Sprouse, of West Virginia, to be the GAO ban prevents them, making travel U.S. Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit, the only area of government activity (excep vice a new position created by Public Law tion the printing of the Congressional Record RECESS UNTIL 11 A.M. TOMORROW 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. and the Federal Register) from which the Matthew J . Perry, Jr., of South Carolina, to private sector is precluded. Is there justifica The PRESIDING OFFICER July 10, 1979, at 11 a.m. the following for permanent appointment to demonstrate some advantage. the grades indicated in the National Oceanic SAVINGS POSSmLE IN GOVERNMENT TRAVEL and Atmospheric Administration: Mr. SASSER. Mr. President, with the NOMINATIONS To be rear admiral (upper half) lifting of the prohibition against the use Executive nominations received by the Herbert R. Lippold, Jr. of travel agents, it appears that addi To be ensigns tional savings should accrue in the area Secretary of the Senate July 2, 1979, un of Government travel. der authority of the order of the Senate Paul D. Moen Susan C. Carlson of June 27, 1979: David L. KummerloweMary N. Newson This further supports my conviction James M. Herkelrath Gail K. Braten that Federal travel costs could be NATIONAL CONSUMER COOPERATIVE BANK Shelia M. Barrett Gary P . Bulmer trimmed by $500 million. The following-named persons to be mem Ned J . Jerabek Christopher P. Han- This would have the effect of ground bers of the board of directors of the National David C. Melita cock Consumer Cooperative Ban k for terms of 3 David I . Actor Denise J . Holloman ing 2,000 Federal employees a day and years: (New Positions) keeping them at their desks, conducting, Paul E. Pegnato David J . Kruth Ronald Grzywinski, of Illinois. Marlene Mozgala Eric C. Stirrup we hope, the essential affairs of this Na Joseph L. Hansknecht, Jr., of Michigan. Colin J . Shellum Stephen L. Carlson tion. Such a cutback might also encour- Frances Levenson, of New York. Allison M. Gillery EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
THE DRAFT-WELFARE STATE Although Dr. Fried and I are not in totally overboard, have proposed that every complete agreement, I find his article to young person serve a period of years doing be an eloquent and compelling one, and good works at the pleasure of the government HON. RON PAUL and I would like to share it with my col or of some delegated nonprofit agency of OF TEXAS leagues. good works. The entering edge of the wedge is repre IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The article follows: sent ed by proposals to cure the perceived Monday, July 9, 1979 FAST AND LOOSE IN THE WELFARE STATE maldistribution of physicians, although there (By Charles Fried) already are incentive programs designed to •Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, the draft, one deal with this maldistribution. The National of the worst imaginable violations of in Friedrich Hayek's apocalyptic forecast in Health Manpower and Training Act of 1976 dividual rights, is simply an extention of The Road of Serfdom had always seemed a allows forgiveness of student loans and as the welfare state. bit exaggerated. Yet certain ominous voices sistance in setting up practice for those If the Government can take the fruits in the populist/ egalitarian chorus now settling in underserved areas. Apparently be openly proclaim a readiness to jettison a cause of the extravagant financial and other of your life, and distribute them as it crucial aspect of personal liberty-liberty of rewards available in attractive urban and wills, why cannot it take your body as choice in type a.nd place of occupation-in suburban settings, this system o! incentives well? order to prevent the disintegration of their has proven ineffective. So schemes have been In reality, both violate moral principles favorite schemes. Arguments are now being proposed whereby all but the wealthiest med and the Constitution. discovered to justify requiring, in peace time, ical students would be forced to accept as that free men and women convicted of no signment for a period of years in rural or Recently, Dr. Charles Fried, professor crime spend years of their lives at jobs and central-city practices designated by some of law at Harvard Law School, wrote in places they do not choose, under the pain governmental authority. Medical schools re about this for Regulation, the thought of finainci: ;i.l penalties or of a.n outright ba.r ceive large quantities o! federal monies to provoking magazine of the American En on practicing the profession for which they support the training o! physicians; and since terprise Institute. have trained. Some of these partisans, going tuition payments (the loans to pay for these
• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Meruber on the floor. July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17653 are the lever of the 1nsumc1ent incentives in reducing the budgetary pressure of the pres Surely, it is argued, the case of the doctor the 1976 act) cover only a fraction of the ent voluntary army. In this way, older Citi is special. Not only are doctors a. scarce re cost of educating a medical student, the pro zens would get the defense establishment source, but in their case (unlike that of posal is that medical students be required to they desire at somebody else's expense; re lawyers) a lot of public money has been pay back a major share of this subsidy, un formers and activists would have a huge spent for t raining, and so they owe a por less they agree to practice for a time in areas pool of unwilling manpower at their com tion of time to the same public. Once again, of governmentally designated need. mand; and ideologues could proclaim the rather than play the game of distinction and While there may be a maldistribution of principle that every citizen owes not only analogy, I ask those who use this dreadful doctors in our society, it is much more ques his fair share of tax revenues but a fair sophism to consider its impllca.tlons. Who tionable that there is a maldistribution of measure of his person, life, and liberty-to in this society has not been trained and lawyers. It is true that poor people have be given in community service as defined in nur tured in part by publlc funds? Do we difilculties litigating their claims. But then congressional legislation, implemented m then all belong to the state? May it com so do middle class people. Nevertheless, there agency regulations, and administered by the mand the lives of any of us whenever the is a vocal coterie of "public interest" lawyers, vast horde of not-for-profit public interest regime of free choice begins to seem too judges, and law professors who believe that organizations that would surely jump on costly, too inconvenient, as one pursues what the poor need, above all, is not more this bandwagon. some "moral equivalent of war" on cancer, money but more legal services. Alan Morri The principal point is this: in a free so or illiteracy, or slum housing, or blllboards, son, who heads the Litigation Group for ciety a person may go where he wishes and, or smoking, or impure air, or junk food? Ralph Nader's Public Citizen organization, so long as he harms no one (a fortiori where Now I agree that, in the last analysis, the has proposed that it be a condition of admis he serves in a useful way as do doctors and arguments of the academic apologists a.re not sion to the bar (that ls, of being free to prac lawyers), may do as he pleases with whom what wlll precipitate us into the slough of tice the profession for which they have been he pleases. It is the very essence of a tyranny compulsion. It ls the politicians who wlll do trained) that law school graduates be re for a government to assert a general power that, which means it ls the forces making quired to spend a one-year public service over its citizenry, directing where they shall personal compulsion polltically attractive internship handling cases for those who can live, what work they shall do, with whom that need to be identified. In general the not command the time and attention of law they shall associate. If liberalism stands for forces are fueled by money and power. The yers on the usual basis. Morrison adds that nothing else it amrms that each person owns resort to personal compulsion ls a last resort such a system might serve the additional himself-whatever other property may be when polit icians fear t hat the public wlll not function of improving the general profes accorded to him-and that no one's person pay the cost of programs pushed on behalf of sional competence of law graduates. But he (at least) belongs to another, not even to abstract principles or, more likely, on behalf ls candid enough to admit that, "first and every other, that is, not even to the commu of some cllent group. most important," the program would make nity as a whole. These are axioms so basic, so Consider again the suggestion that every lawyers available to clients and in situations deeply ingrained in Western society, that it young lawyer be forced to serve for a year where lawyers apparently do not otherwise is almost embarrassing to have to repeat at less than market wages. This ls after all wish to serve in large numbers. Second, he them. Yet the quality of public debate today just the most recent version of an earlier notes that " because the internship would be makes it plain that many American politi suggestion that law schools assess all stu mandatory, salaries could be maintained at cians and many more intellectuals have cut dents a fee for support of publlc int erest re a relatively low level. ..." In other words, quite loose from these fundamental moor search groups. Now it is surely no accident though there may be educational benefits, ings. How has this come about? that those who ma.de their reputations or the motivating force behind the proposal is I start with academic lawyers, because I ganizing public interest law should see in its ability to compel cheap labor in the serv know them best and because for generations that activity a universal panamea to t he so ice of what Ralph Nader's organization be they have rationalized what their former st u ciety's ills. And if it appears t hat not enough lieves to be the publlc good. dents have practiced in the political arena. recruits are lining up to enlist in one's cru Judge Marvin Frankel (who recently re Academic lawyers are trained to pose embar sade, one turns to coercion. But why are they signed his federal judgeship in the Southern rassing questions designed to show that no not lining up? Not because there are not District of New York to enter private prac principle is so fundamental, no case so clear, enough lawyers-indeed, m·any lawyers find tice) has found some of the same needs Mor that a seemingly slight variation in the facts it ha.rd to obtain employment and thousands rison found and has proposed an even more will not put it into doubt. Do I say that a free leave the practice every year or never enter it radical solution. Frankel recognizes that large man in a free society may go where he after graduating from law school. So the corporations and wealthy individuals can pleases and engage in what harmless pursuit bodies are there, but the pay and conditions command the time, energy, and ingenuity of he wills? The academic lawyers respond: But of work seem unattractive, even compared to lawyers in a way that smaller businesses or what if he has not the fare in his pocket or alt ernat ives outside the profession. Presum ordinary persons cannot. Therefore he would the wherewithal to facllitate his favorite ably, if society belleved that the service the simply socialize the whole legal profession. pastime? He ls not free, then, is he? And do Naderites envisage were indeed essential, it Under his proposal, prospective clients would we not pay him, put money in his pocket, could offer (from tax revenues) salaries to obtain lawyers from a government agency, make him free for social purposes, for the attract persons to it, but obviously no one be which would ration them out according to good of the community? So why can we not lieves that the public would be willing to tax the urgency and merits of the cllent's case restrict and direct his choices directly in the itself towards this end. Thus, though Marvin and reimburse them under a uniform salary name of that same good? Frankel is convinced that universal equal ac schedule. Frankel ls not clear whether law That is how the argument goes. It starts cess to legal counsel ls essential, the voters practice outside of this government monopoly by eliding the distinction between coercion and taxpayers in our democracy probably are should be forbidden, but at the least he and lack of opportunity and ends by justify not--at least not enough to pay for it. claims there should be powerful deterrents ing whatever coercion government proposes. The political thrust for conscription of So it is no surprise that someone who sees doctors is similar but its environment much to such legal free-booting-for instance, de more complex. Although reasonable salaries nial of the tax deductiblllty of legal fees paid no differences between ordering another to bootleg lawyers. (This last is but a detail where to go and simply falling to make it could probably attract young lawyers to any possible for that person to go wherever he interesting, useful llne of legal work, doctors in a scheme clearly intended to make gov seem to be able to create lucrative practices ernment employment, distribution, and allo pleases will not long hesitate to propose so cation of all lawyers the norm.) lutions for social problems that involve di in the same overserved desirable locations recting people how and where to live their almost ad lib. The reason, of course, is that And, finally, a wide array of public per lives. doctors (far more even than lawyers) have sonages--senators, media pundits such as Now it is said that doctors and lawyers are operated for generat ions as a conspiracy in Erle Sevareid, and professional moralizers a scarce resource-and have we not learned restraint of trade, systematically resisting in have thought it would be a very good thing in the regulation of utilities and businesses stitutions like pre-paid health plans, inter to go far beyond compelllng professionals affected with a public interest that scarcity state licensing, consumer control of hospital with scarce talents to serve somebody's con ls a predicate for regulation? Here a.gain one and insurance boards, provision of basic serv ception of the public good. They propose is left almost speechless by the moral ob ices by nurses or paraprofessionals. Until re that we revive the draft, generalizing it so tuseness that treats people as public utilities cently government has been totally com that one's "obligation to the community" and cannot see the threat to liberty implicit pliant. could be discharged by a period of public in equating men and women with trolley Now whe~ it is apparent that the dream of service. A number of Pentagon and con lines or electric companies. To be sure there equal access cannot be achieved at anything gressional armed services personalities have are arguments a.bou t the wisdom or morality less than staggering cost, the reflex of the been quick to jump on this bandwagon of much regulat ion of business and property, recognizing that even the fevered health care ideologues has not been to reex imagina~ but a sensible person knows when an argu amine the dream to see if anyone really tion of reformers would be unlikely to pro ment or a doubt is being pushed too far. vide a year's useful--or even supposedly wants its fulfillment enough to pay his useful-employment for every man and And it ls just my point that those intellec share. Nor yet is it their reflex to break tuals who follow their own arguments to the monopoly power of the medical profes woman reaching the age of eighteen. Con the point of cont emplating the socialization sequently, a fair number o! these young per sion. in order t o allow organized groups of of people have quite simply taken leave of sons would in fact enter the military, thus consumers-.such as employers, labor unions, their common sense. fraternal groups-to shop a.round for the OXXV--1111-Part 14 17654 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 level of care their members desire, delivered intent to move even faster in the produc people are basically satisfied with health at competitive prices. No, such a strategy tion of synthetic fuels from coal. In care services there are problems which the might show that different people really do Germany the government indicated a government is trying to resolve. The Prime differ in their preferences for health care Minister suggested that they were looking (when faced with the true costs and real al stronger emphasis on its program for the at reducing the number of hospitals with ternatives), and this would undermine the liquifaction and gasification of coal. The highly technical and specialized services plausibility of arguing for one level of health Chairman of the National Coal Board which were expensive. He hinted that there care for everyone. And so while ten and announced on television that England was a need for less specialized, general twenty years ago politicians failed to work was speeding up its synthetic fuel pro health care and that more out-patient serv for a competitive regime in health care out gram. ices could be a way to cut costs. In sum, of fear of the medical profession's political In addition to candid and informative they needed better, less specialized and power, today that same failure may perhaps cheaper health care for the less critical ill be traced to the threat that a free market discussions on defense matters, we were able to see the "state of the art" for syn nesses. spells to the very plausillility of egalitarian Mr. Nordli suggested that the structure or slogans. thetic fuel production in Europe. In both England and Germany we toured facili health care services must be changed: the But, financing apart, obviously any Gleich "how" is the question. The Prime Minister schaltung (or bringing into line) of all parts ties for synthetic fuels production and candidly admitted that Norway had a "price of health care provision would require mas talked with experts. problem" with health care services, but no sive doses of compulsion at every level. Doc Following is a country-by-country solution as yet. Health care services just tors could not be allowed to set their fees. summary of our findings: consumed too much of their gross national And if they cannot set their fees they can NORWAY product. not demand more money for working in KONGSBERG VAPENFABRIKK places and at specialties that seem less desir PRIME MINISTER NORDLI able to them. So compulsory assignments We met with Prime Minister Odvar Nordli Our delegation traveled to Kongsberg, would again be the inevitable resort of plan and had a free exchange on matters of southwest of Oslo, to visit the Kongsberg ners who can neither persuade nor pay work defense, energy and health services in Nor Weapons Factory. We received a briefing on ers to go along with their schemes. Indeed, way. The meeting with the Prime Minister co-production within NATO by industry offi since we are a larger, richer, more ornery lasted longer than expected and Ambassador cials. Our visit also included a tour or the nation than, Great Britain (for example), I Lerner indicated that, in his view, the dis plant and assembly area for the co-produc doubt that a private practice option could be cussion was quite productive and candid, tion of component parts of the F-16 aircraft kept within limits here. Patients would have especially in the area of defense cooperation under the co-production program. to be forced to accept their medical care and energy supply. In addition, we were able to meet briefly solely from the single national provider. The Prime Minister was very emphatic in with General Sverre Hamre, Chief of Norwe Healing acts between consenting adults his support of NATO and his concern for gian Defense, other top defense ministry would have to be made illegal, unless maintaining Norwegian defense capabilities. officials and business representatives of com approved by the government. He emphasized, however, that neither the panies doing defense work. The menace is real. Egalitarian ideals, to East nor the West will dictate Norwegian gether with an understandable reluctance to defense policy within Lts own borders. He FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY pay or to ask one's supporters to pay the admitted that one very key goal in Norway's MINISTER HAUFF cost of these ideals, make the temptation to defense posture was to maintain a strong We met with Dr. Volker Hauff, Minister or resort to conscription-to personal compul defense and keep stability without increas Research and technology. Dr. Hauff indicated sion-almost irresistible. It starts with the ing tensions with Russia in the Northern that we need a global approach to the en doctors, goes on to the lawyers, and eventu regions of their countries. ergy problem and we must collectively face ally gets to all young people so that the rest Another defense concern was the "two the tough problems if we are to succeed. Al of us can have an army without really pay ing for it. Then perhaps we would conscript way-street" of NATO, namely U.S. procure though Germany's energy squeeze is similar teachers, and finally we would find that ment of weapon systems from NATO allies to our own, there is little chance that con everybody is so useful, or so unique, or so such as Norway's surface-to-surface Pen servation can help reduce consumption to much affected with a public interest, that guin missile. The Prime Minister also stressed any significant extent. Consistently high en we all may be drafted into the service of the need for American troops to be trained ergy prices have already forced as much fuel the state. Which only demonstrates once better in cold climate conditions. He urged economy as can be expected. Instead, Ger again that whoever finds arguments to justify that our troops be better equipped for such many is turning to technology to increase the loss of his fellow citizen's liberty is cold weather fighting and that they have efficiency and reduce fuel waste, especially destined to lose his own.e proper training experience. He also acknowl in heat generation. edged that Norway has a limited weapons Dr. Hauff stressed that we must also face production capacity but still seeks a greater the difficult issues surrounding nuclear en part in NATO's co-production program such ergy. Germany presently gets 10 per cent as the F-16 components currently being pro ENERGY AND DEFENSE: THE LEAD of its electricity generation from nuclear en duced in Kongsberg, Norway. ergy (about 3 per cent of its total energy ERSHIP DELEGATION TO EUROPE, Prime Minister Nordli expanded somewhat needs). Waste disposal is a problem, but Dr. JUNE 29-JULY 7, 1979 on his reported remark that Norway could Hauff stressed that the difficult decisions serve as a brid~ to OPEC. Norway finds must be made. itself in the unique position of being an Germany has recently announced its in HON. TIM LEE CARTER industrialized oil producing state, thus tention to speed up its efforts on coal lique OF KENTUCKY having a potentially sig.nificant role with faction and gasification, seeking to ease the the OPEC countries. The Prime Minister felt energy shortage and reduced imported oil IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that this role could be beneficial for oil (which now represents 52 per cent of Ger Monday, July 9, 1979 consuming countries but seemed to view the many's energy consumption). Synthetic role as a quiet informal thing outside the fuels produced from coal is only expected to • Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, in three existing OPEC structure. The Prime Minister replace 2 per cent of its oil needs in the near European capitals of industrialized na was very emphatic about the need to find a term and will only displace about 10 to 15 tions and allies in NATO we were able to better way to handle contacts between OPEC per cent of fuel consumption during the 80's discuss mutual concerns regarding en and oil consumer nations in the future. If if a strong effort for synfuels ls made now contacts are not improved, it is feared that and continues. In current terms Germany ergy supply and defense matters. While economic pressures might seriously threaten the circumstances varied among the is still in the "pilot" stage on synfuels, and peace. The "bridge" role for Norway is to try is building on the technology developed dur countries there was common concern for to use quietly its contact with OPEC to re ing World War Il. finding a solution to energy dependence duce a crisis situation in the world. RHEINBRAUN COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANT on OPEC and for maintaining a strong On energy, Prime Minister Nordli frankly We toured the coal liquefaction facility defense capability. Our meetings in Nor urged the U.S. to raise its domestic price and were briefed extensively by plant officials way, the Federal Republic of Germany, of energy. He stated that Norway raised its on their coal mining and production policies and England were very beneficial. price for gasoline (which now sells for $2 30 a and operations. Power generation represents The U.S. House of Representatives re gallon), even though domestic Norwegian the use of 85 per cent of the coal and the re oil production is ten times greater than do mainder is made into briquets for home cently passed a significant synthetic mestic oil consumption. Norway is also try fuels program in the Defense Produc heating. Liquefaction is used to produce gas ing to cut commercial uses of energy. olines, light and heavy oils. tions Act bill. During our visit to the Norwegians are spending about 20 to 25 Federal Republic of Germany and Eng percent of their gross national product each DEFENSE MINISTER land those countries expressed their own year on social health systems. While the We met with Defense Minister Dr. Hans July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17655 Apel, who has been mentioned as a possible WHALING MORATORIUM NEEDED synthetically and efficiently. Can we successor to Chancellor Helmut Schmidt. He consciously let an endangered species was most impressive in our visit. Dr. Apel with potential extinction be slaughtered was open, candid and had a keen sense for HON. GUY VANDER JAGT and sold in the form of cosmetics, shoe grasping the political aspects of both the OF MICHIGAN polish, pet food, and soap? That surely defense and energy situations. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is a sad conclusion for so grand and Minister Apel's co~ents focused on a Monday, July 9, 1979 respected a creature. And as for Japan's wide range of issues, including the strength claim to needing whale meat for subsis of U.S. armed forces in the Federal Republic e Mr. VANDERJAGT. Mr. Speaker, I of Germany and SALT II. With respect to tence, only 1 percent of Japan's total SALT II, Apel pointed out that, in their esti would like to commend my colleagues, protein intake comes from whale meat; mation SALT II would not prevent the de Representatives LES AUCOIN and JAMES hardly a justifiable claim against such a velopment of new weapons systems but fail JEFFORDS, for sponsoring legislation in crucial environmental factor as the ure to ratify SALT would have immediate the House urging an international mora safety of a whole species. ramifications for the East-West confiict. In torium on commercial whaling, and I With passage of House Concurrent his view the heavy flow of West Germans would like to stress today my strong sup Resolution 143, I sincerely hope that the into East Germany is threatening the future port of House Concurrent Resolution of communism in that state. Thus the Soviet voice of America will be strongly heard 143, urging that the International Whal at the IWC meeting in July. It is high bloc might seize on rejection of SALT II to ing Commission LONDON 41 sperm whales, a significant number, NATIONAL COAL BOARD beached themselves on the shores of Ore Our delegation met with Mr. Joe Gibson gon, each to die a natural death by the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and other staff directors for a briefing on weight of its own body and lack of water. the National Coal Board (NCB) and its There is absolutely nothing natural, functions. The NCB is a public corporation though, about a 200-pound 6-foot, HON. JOHN G. FARY created by Parliament. It operates as a pri explosive harpon being blasted into the OF ILLINOIS vate corporation, but has a virtual monopoly on coal production in England. side of a whale sending it into thrashing, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bloody agony for sometimes hours before NCB's purpose is to coordinate coal pro Monday, July 9, 1979 duction and to participate, along with the it finally dies. Whaling is no longer the Ministry of Energy, in directing the efficient romantic, traditional production that it • Mr. FARY. Mr. Speaker, distinguished use of coal within England's overall energy used to be, for modern technology has colleagues, the first Congress that met in policy. Mr. Gibson presented a short slide equipped the industry with such means Philadelphia in 1776 was, in many ways, presentation of England's coal needs and as to make the mighty whale a helpless similar to this body to which we have all discussed their alternative approaches for creature with no chance against their been elected. In declaring America's in displacing crude oil with synthetic fuel electronically equipped killer boats. dependence from England, the Founding from coal. Fathers were acting as true representa One interesting point showed the different The plight of the magnificent whale is positions of England and America. The a sad one. Thoroughly recognized for its tives of their fellow colonists. If we read United States faces an immediate shortage awesome intelligence and beauty, it is the record of their proceedings for July 4, of oil and the threat of future reductions. still facing dangerous threats of extinc 1776, it is obvious that the Declaration England has North Sea oil and is ex tion. In less than 5 years the mature of Independence was the formal protest pected to remain energy self-sufficient until whale population has decreased almost against the denial of their rights as citi 1988 to 1990 and has the luxury of time to 50 percent, with some species de:lining zens that all Americans of the time had experiment with pilot projects for synfuel as much as 96 percent. Some stocks are experienced. The declaration lists the production. The English have already ini English king's infringements on man's tiated a rather comprehensive plan to solve so depleted that even under the present their future energy needs. IWC quota system their replenishment God-given, human rights. Jefferson wrote The basic elements of the British energy is questionable. This is not to even men that "Governments are instituted among plan include: (1) conservation, (2) coal and tion the industry of "private" whaling, all men" to secure the rights to "Life, Liber (3) nuclear energy. Conservation is directed of which is outside IWC jurisdiction and ty, and the pursuit of Happiness." Let us toward improving the efficiency of all sources quotas. reflect on these often repeated words and of energy and reducing waste. Coal is ex If the IWC is going to uphold its con ask ourselves: Does this branch of our pected to provide mid-term energy by using viction on the conservation and protec Government work to guarantee those the fluidized bed concept, and liquifaction rights? is expected to produce energy in the long tion of whales, then it must go to more term. Nuclear energy is seen as an essential extreme measures than its present quota A few days ago, we took a positive step element for the future. The English are co system. An international moratorium on toward guaranteeing the right to life by operating with other nations on fast breeder commercial whaling is undoubtedly voting to leave intact the language of the reactors and other aspects of nuclear energy. necessary, not only to make up for the Hyde amendment to the Labor/HEW NATIONAL COAL BOARD, COAL RESEARCH ESTAB- killings of nonmembers, but to merely appropriations. Despite this great step LISHMENT, CHELTENHAM, ENGLAND give the whale population a chan:e of forward, we have not kept faith with the We helicoptered to Cheltenham, about 120 becoming a secure species. Statistics on Founding Fathers. Not everyone is guar miles south of London, to view the NCB re whale stocks are so inadequate and anteed the right to life that they held to search facility for coal liquifaction. Because untrustworthy that it is hard to even be "self-evident." Can we truly believe they have time, the British are looking at estimate the present danger of some that we are carrying on in the spirit of two different approaches and have small demonstration units operating with both species, which is why it is essential that a the declaration as long as there are technologies. They feel they have time before ban be implemented now-before it is too preborn children in this country who are deciding which technology to operate on a late--before we have to speak of the denied their "inalienable" right to stay commercial scale. The two approaches are whale as a graceful, unique mammal alive? Can we honestly claim to believe supercritical gas extraction (SGE) and liq that once placidly swam our seas. that, along with life, liberty, and the pur uid solvent extraction (LSE). The economic factor involved with the suit of happiness are each man's birth The U.S. and Britain are sharing infor whaling industry is no longer a sound right unless we actively advocate human mation in this area under a specific agree argument for whaling nations. Japan rights for all people? Surely, our con ment. The small experimental units allow sciences cannot allow us to reread this the British to continue to try new catalysts and Russia, the two largest whaling and refine the approaches. It appears that nations, offer the excuse that their need Declaration of Independence without sharing such information would be beneficial for whale oil and meat justifies their feeling that all human beings should to the United States in our search for syn- exploitation. Virtually every product have these rights and that the preborn, thetic fuels from coal.e made from whales, though, can be made political prisoners, and all oppressed and 17656 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 captive peoples are, to some extent, our accommodation of large districts of People, hearted, and government omclals tend to dis unless those People would relinquish the miss the crusaders as misguided rural xeno responsibility. right inestimable to them and formidable to phobes. It woudn't work, the administration At this point, I would like to insert the tyrants only. argues. Besides, isn't it faintly immoral to text of the Journal of the Proceedings of He has called together legislative bodies at tinker with the world's food supply in such the Continental Congress for July 4, places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant a hardhearted manner? 1776, so that we can reflect on how best from the depository of their Public Records, But the bumper stickers are not all that to live up to these ideals: for the sole Purpose of fatiguing them into farfetched. lf one examines the world grain THURSDAY, JULY 4, 1776 compliance with his measures. market today, its future and its potential He has dissolved Representative Houses re for America, there are extraordinary similari Resolved, That an application be made to peatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, ties with the world oil market. If U.S. pollcy the committee of safety of Pennsylvania for a his invasions on the rights of the People. market today, its future and its potential supply of flints for the troops at New York; Resolved, That the Board of War be em "hard ball" with the grain-importing coun and that the colony of Maryland and Dela powered to employ such a number of persons, tries, particularly the oil nations of OPEC, ware be requested to embody their militia as they shall find necessary, to manufacture the squeeze might produce dividends for us. for the flying camp, with all expedition, and flints for the continent; and, for this pur At least the idea deserves more serious con to march them, without delay, to the city of pose, to apply to the respective assemblies, sideration than Washington has given it. Philadelphia. conventions and councils, or committees of U.S. ECONOMIC LEVERAGE JOURNALS OF CONGRESS safety of the United American States, or committees of Inspection of the counties and This would require an important political Agreeable to the order of the day, the Con decision-one Americans generally have ab gress resolved itself into a committee of the towns thereunto belonging, for the names and places of abode of persons skilled in the horred except in emergencies. The govern whole, to take into their farther considera ment would have to create a national grain tion, the declaration-and, after some time manufactory aforesaid, and of the places, in their respective states, where the best flint trading board, one empowered to set a na the president resumed ~he chair. Mr. (Ben tional price on our wheat and prepared to jamin) Harrison reported, that the commit stones are to be obtained, with samples of the same. make other countries pay our price or do tee of the whole Congress have agreed to a without. Is this time of soaring oil prices, of Declaration, which he delivered in. Resolved, That Dr. (Benjamin) Franklin, Mr. (John) Adams and Mr. (Thomas) Jeffer rampant inflation and threatened recession, The Declaration being again read, was a national emergency? Does it justify a agreed to as follows: son, be a committee, t o bring in a device for a seal for the United States of America. counter-cartel? The militant farmers think THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN so. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Resolved, That the Secret Committee be instructed to sell 25 lb. of powder to John The potential for U.S. leverage on world When, in the Course of human events, it Garrison, of North Carolina. grain prices is supported by the statistics in becomes necessary for one people to dissolve Adjourned to 9 o'Clock to Morrow.e a recent study by the respected International the political bands which have connected Wheat Council in London. Its surprising con them with another, and to assume, among clusion is that OPEC's wheat imports are the Powers of the earth, the separate and growing faster than those of any other groups equal station to which the Laws of Nature of nations. They reached almost 10 million and Nature's God entitle them, a decent re BARREL FOR BUSHEL tons in 1970. This is 14 percent of the entire spect to the opinions of mankind requires world wheat trade. that they should declare the causes which Many nations, including several OPEC impel them to the separation. HON. NORMAN E. D'AMOURS countries, grow and export wheat. But only We hold these truths to be self-evident OF NEW HAMPSHIRE a handful export on a scale of 10 m1llion that all men are created equal, that they are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tons. The clear implication is that, with re endowed by their Creator with certain un gard to OPEC's wheat needs, the two criteria alienable Rights, that among these are Life, Monday, July 9, 1979 for U.S. economic leverage exist: Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That, • Mr. D'AMOURS. Mr. Speaker I would Doing without grain Imports, though pos to secure these rights, Governments are insti sible, would be economically disruptive and tuted among Men, deriving their just Powers like to share with my colleagues an possibly politically destablizing. from the consent of the governed. That, excellent article written by Dan Mor Only the United States and Canada can whenever any form of Government becomes gan, author of "Merchants of Grain," guarantee a continuing supply of wheat of destructive of these ends, it is the Right of which explores important similarities in that magnitude. The United States, moreover, the People to alter or to abolish it, and to the international oil and grain markets. is in the peculiar position this summer of institute new Government, laying its founda This article makes a convincing case being the only country that can fill new tion on such Principles, and organizing its that the United States does have a bar wheat orders. It already supplies OPEC with Powers In such form, as to them shall seem gaining lever to use against OPEC-if more than half of Its 10 million tons a year. most likely to effect their Safety and Hap The dependency of OPEC countries is dra piness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that it has the will to use it. matically evident in the case of Iran, the oil Governments long established would not be I believe we do have that will, that exporter whose temporary shutdown caused changed for light and transient causes; and, rural and urban America can work to so many problems. During Iran's revolution accordingly, all experience hath shewn, that gether toward a goal that will benefit ary spring, the oil stopped going out--but mankind are more disposed to suffer, while both. Consequently, I have cosponsored U.S. grain kept going in there. evils a.re sufferable, than to right themselves legislation with my colleague Repre Agriculture Department omcia.ls say Iran by abolishing the forms to which they are sentative JIM WEAVER of Oregon to im purchased more than a million tons of white accustomed. But, when a long train of a.buses plement the "Barrel for Bushel" concept. (Pacific Northwest) wheat in the year ended and usurpations, pursuing invariably the June 30, and already has booked orders for same Ohject, evinces a design to reduce them The House Agriculture Committee 115,000 tons this year. (This is about in line under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it has already begun hearings on this im with previous years.) Iran also bought more is their duty, to throw off such Government, portant bill, H.R. 4237, and I hope my than 300,000 tons of U.S. rice last year. Its and to provide new Guards for their future colleagues will make this priority leg total grain imports have been running close Security. Such has been the patient suffer islation for the 96th Congress. to 3 million tons-an amount that gives Iran ance of these Colonies; and such is now the The article follows : a margin of protection against food inflation. necessity which constrains them to alter USING U.S. WHEAT AGAINST OPEC: NOT AS This dependency on U.S. food was vigor their former Systems of Government. The FARFETCHED AS You THINK ously promoted by the grain trade and by the history of the present King of Great Britain U.S. Agriculture Department's "market de is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa (By Dan Morgan) velopment" team in the 1960s. They used tions, all having in direct object the estab American farmers are sticking a defiant the Food for Peace program and other incen lishment of an absolute Tyranny over these message on the bumpers of their pickup tives to convert Iran to the American diet States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted trucks these days: "Cheaper Crude or No of grain-fed meat and poultry. Iran became a to a candid world. More Food." U.S. agricultural client state, and even after He has refused his Assent to Laws the most The farmers believe the United States the revolution its need for foreign grain is a wholesome and necessary for the public good. could force the Organization of Petroleum reality that its new rulers must take into He has forbidden his Governors to pass Ex,i::orting Countries to brake its price in account. Laws Qf immediate and pressing importance, creases by denying U.S. grain to the oil cartel. Given the fa.ct that U.S. food is feeding unless suspended in their opera ti on till his Members of the militant American Agricul Iranians the ayatollah's rantings against the Assent should be obtained; and when so sus tural Movement would settle for merely rais United States seem particularly ungracious. pended, he has utterly neglected to attend to ing wheat prices in step with the oil price A counter-squeeze using U.S. food might them. increases ordained by the cartel. show us what the ayatollah is really made of. He has refused to pass other Laws for the "A bushel for a barrel" sounds light- Contrary to the popular image, OPEC 1s July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17657 not a. collection of desert nations with only a So the "cheaper cruders" argue that it is anger around the world-not the question handful of people to feed. OPEC's 13 mem equitable for OPEC to offer its food suppliers, of feasibility-may be the real reasons why bers include the world's fifth most populous including the United States, a lower price U .S. officials are so cool to the slogans. country (Indonesia), the largest in Africa on oil, or a higher price for the grain. The structure of the world grain trade (Nigeria), and a. populous tropical nation Up to now, Carter administration officials today resembles the way world oil looked in whose climate is not well suited to growing have maintained that if we tied grain prices the 1960s-before the cartel gained its ma wheat (Venezuela) . to oil prices, customers abroad would buy turity. That was a time when oil prices were Wheat, eaten as bread or couscous, is a. less, would produce more food of their own low, when oil exporting countries were dis staple in Algeria, Libya, Iran, Iraq, and Saudi or would turn to other grain suppliers. But united, and when a handful of huge multina Arabia. But only three OPEC countries- these arguments are debatable. tion companies organized the marketing and Algeria, Iran and Iraq-grow wheat on a. PA'ITERNS IN OIL AND GRAIN allocation of the surpluses. This is a rough large scale, and none is self-sufficient except The world is not running out of food. But approximation of the situation preva1ling when their crops are unusually bountiful. the record of the past five yea.rs shows that today in the global grain markets. Indonesia. and Nigeria a.re rice-eating na increasing food production abroad is far One clear indication that wheat prices are tions, but both rely heavily on imports- more difficult to achieve than expected. too "low" is that Japan, the European Com not only of rice but also of wheatr---to sup World grain and oil production are compa mon Market, the Ph111ppines and other coun plement the fool available in the commercial rable in that the period of "easy" advances tries all levy stiff import taxes on U.S. wheat marketing systems on which their huge ur in grain output, brought about by hybrid to protect their own farmers. Food author ban populations depend. seeds, irrigation and use of new farmland, is ites in Japan currently purchase wheat at Population in OPEC is rising at 2.8 per over. Just as in oil, future increases in food this country's gateway ports for $4.50 a cent a year, about the average for all devel production will be harder to achieve and bushel and resell it to Japanese mmers for oping countries, and the populations of sev more costly-in part because the energy in twice that. The Japanese millers are not buy eral countries have been swollen by immigra gredient has become so costly. Opening new ing less wheat. tion of foreign workers who need to be fed. breadbaskets, like making new oil finds, is But the handful of countries that produce Kuwait's population, for example, is growing turning out to be tough. major wheat surpluses have shown little in 6 percent a year. clination to unite in a cartel to capture more Oil revenues have given OPEC countries The Soviet Union has poured vast sums of money into new wheat lands since the late wheat revenues for the producers. In fact, the means to import more food. This in turn the United States and Canada have waged has led to a rapid rise in per capita wheat 1950.s, but this year it is still importing 15 million tons of grain from the United States price-cutting wars over the past 15 years consumption, from 40 kilograms a.t the start alone. whenever unsold surpluses have accumu of the decade to 55 kilograms now. Brazil has faned to emerge as the agricul lated. But perhaps the major factor behind The two countries also have taken differ OPEC's rising consumption is that imported tural Garden of Eden some believed it would become. It imported 4 million tons of U.S. ent approaches to grain production in the grain has been a bargain-particularly since last two years~nes that mirror different it is being purchased with dollars that have wheat last year. The soil of its tropical for ests is not well suited to growing food grains. approaches of several OPEC nations to oil been sharply devalued by inflation. production. Artificially cheap oil in the postwar era As its oil and food import bill rises, more over, pressures remain strong to devote avail The United States, like Libya, has attempt made "petroleum junkies" out of the indus ed to limit output in order to increase trial countries. They postponed adopting able farmlands to export crops such as coffee. Agriculture has not had a good decade in prices; farmers have received incentives to energy conservation policies and thereby cre idle their wheat lands. Canada, on the other ated the conditions for their present reliance the- OPEC countries either. Food production hasn't kept pace with population growth, hand, has applied the Saudi policy of contin on OPEC. and a grandiose scheme of Arab rulers to uing to go all out; Canada's wheat planners Now the OPEC nations are following a have refused to order a cutback. similar pattern in terms of our grain trade. create a breadbasket in the Sudan-a scheme that underscores the Arabs' sense of vul Officials of leading wheat exporting coun Foreign nations have gone on a food-buying tries (except France) met in Winn i pea re binge; demand for imports is still increasing, nerability on the food issue-has yet to pro duce results. cently but took no steps toward formi~g a; and OPEC is no exception. There a.re a va cartel or fixing a price floor. Fortunately for riety of reasons for this phenomenon-pop For these countries, food conservation is no more palatable an alternative than oil grain farmers, prices are now rising rapidly. ulation growth, prosperity, the increasing The idea of a cartel fixing grain prices for popularity of bread and poultry in countries conservation is in the West. It is one thing to slaughter poultry and livestock to conserve the world horrifies those who are concerned that once ate rice and potatoes. about poorer nations. Yet it could be argued It is a.n irreversible trend. Virtually all ex feedgrains, as Iran has been doing. But it is another thing to reduce consumption of that a stiff increase in grain prices is just perts acknowledge that through food self what those countries need to force their sufficiency was a. realizable goal for many foodgrains for humans. World wheat consumption, like that of rulers to devote adequate resources to nations in the 1920s and 1930s, it no longer agriculture, farmers and land reform. By is today. Dependence on U.S. food is perma OPEC, is on a steadily rising plane-350 million tons in 1975; 379 million tons in control'ling exports, the government would nent. That is why nations such as Saudi also be in a position to soften the impact Arabia have built new flour mills. Wheat for 1976; 395 million tons in 1977; 416 million tons in 1978, and an estimated 431 million of what is happening now-a sharp run-up those mills, like oil for East Coast oil re tons this year. in grain prices due to strong foreign fineries, will have to come from abroad. demand. . Since 1970, wheat prices have tripled, but World wheat imports have stayed strikingly 011 prices have increased nearly ninefold. In constant in this period, varying only a few THE ROLE OF THE MULTINATIONALS 1970, a bushel of wheat was selling for $1.45 million tons on either side of 70 million tons. There is, however, one large "but." Before at the Gulf of Mexico, compared with about And the last three years have seen excellent OPEC could work its will on its industrial $1.70 for a. barrel of Saudi Arabian crude oil. crops worldwide, a pattern that is not hold customers, the OPEC governments had to This spring--before the latest OPEC price ing this year. supplant the multinational companies that increases--wheat was just over $4 a bushel, Dozens of countries grow wheat. But only controlled the oil upstream in the Persian while oil was at $14.50 a. barrel. five-the United St ates, Canada, Australia, Gulf. France and Argentina-cover the bulk of Canadian wheat is marketed through a It is true, of course, that wheat, unlike oil, the world's wheat trade. Two of them, Can is a renewable resource, grown year after quasi-governmental agency, the Wheat year. But it takes oil to produce food, so ada and the United States, provided two Board. But multinationals still control the there is a direct connection. thirds of it, and today these two countries system in the United States-the source of are holding most of the surplus wheat stocks. More than most other businessmen, Amer half of all grain and soybeans moving into In the next few months, only the United world markets. The government is involved ican farmers are sensitive to the intimate States will be able to fill new orders for economic relationship between on and grain. in agriculture through .farm programs, but wheat. Crops in Australia and Argentina al not in the marketing system. Farmers use a prodigious amount of energy ready are committed to customers. France's in growing and marketing their crops. It Dominating the system in the Unit ed wheat crop has suffered from a severe win States are a handful of companies that re takes natural gas to operate irrigation ter, and Canadian shipments have been pump~, dry grain and produce the anhydrous semble the oil giants in their control of snarled by transportation problems and a communications systems, marketing chan ammonia for fertilizer. It also takes on to West Coast dock strike. That is exactly why produce diesel fuel for tractors and combines nels, river barges, grain hopper cars, storage grain prices are now rising so rapidly here. It depots, processing plants and financial fuc111- and to make the herbicides and pesticides is a seller's market. sprayed onto crops. So it is not surprising ties. that the slogan "a bushel of grain for a DO WE WANT TO TAKE THE WHEEL? I~ is a highly complex system. U.S. grain barrel of on" emanates from rural America. All of these facts put the United States in regions a.re a mosaic of thousands of farms The same countries that have been raising the driver's seatr---if it wants to take the producing many different crops, from wheat oil prices have been getting a bargain-an wheel. The transition period would involve to birdseed, each with specialized markets American subsidy, some might call itr---on the same kind of political trauma and dislo at home and abroad. For the government to the grain produced, processed and trans cations that occurred among OPEC nations take charge of t he pricing and marketing ported with that oll. In effect, the United as they struggled in the early 1970s to take of the grain would disrupt the system and States exports energy back to OPEC in the control of their own asset, petroleum. Those do damage, the multinationals say. form of wheat, corn. rise and vegetable oil. difficulties and the uncertainty of political Just as oil multinationals fought the take- 17658 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 over of Persian Gulf oil fields, grain com Environmental concern has restricted oil The interstate highway system has made panies now are strongly resisting creation development. A few of the better known long distance auto travel, including regular of a U.S. grain board-a proposal con examples of projects delayed, restricted or long term commuting to work, a desirable tained in legislation submitted this year abandoned include off shore oil development, alternative. by Democratic Rep. Jim Weaver of Oregon the Alaska pipeline, and various terminal Because the government has kept gasoline and supported by 53 co-sponsors. and refinery facilities. It may have been en pric~s down (see below) we have been en Weaver's plan calls for a board, under the vironmentally wise to restrict this develop couraged to adopt lifestyles which consume Commodity Credit Corporation, to sell, bar ment, but we must be willing to pay the a great deal more energy than we would if ter or approve the sale of grain abroad. The price. Waiting in line for gas is part of that it were more expensive. price. grain companies would continue to make PRICE deals with their customers and to drum up The government's delay in deciding to re business-but only at a price approved in quire the catalytic converter caused industry The central fact about the gasoline mar Washington. Inherent in this is the govern to delay refinery construction as they didn't ket is that prices are controlled by the fed ment's ,ability to fix the price of all grain to know what kind of fuel they would have to eral government. The price which the pro foreign buyers. produce. The converter design finally ap ducer charges the refiner and the refiner's proved requires unleaded gasoline, which re price to the dealer are calculated by formu The idea is not unprecedented. The gov quires about 10 percent more crude oil to las of astounding complexity such that in ernment controlled the grain trade in both make. tegrated oil companies probably do not really world wars. It required licensing of grain The Department of Energy has required oil know if they are obeying the law or not. sales to communist countries until 1971, and companies to divert petroleum to produce The dealer's price to the consumer is based it embargoed soybean exports in 1973. fuel oil for the northeast. This fuel oil is on a markup of so-many cents a gallon over Nationalization of the grain trade would being stockpiled in case they have another the refiner's price. The markup formula of be a drastic step. But then, say the farmers winter as bad as last year. This was a polit the dealer's sale price ls simpler but, being who carry the banner for "cheaper crude," ical decision which, like the environmental a fixed amount, it means that his profit mar this is no time for the faint-hearted.e and safety decisions, entails both visible and gin declines as his wholesale price increases. hidden costs. Interestingly enough, waiting This is one of the reasons why dealers are in line is considered a hidden cost. unhappy despite rising prices. Department of Energy allocations have been The existence of price controls provides COMMONSENSE ABOUT THE GAS inadequate, especially in the Bay area. But the context to understand why we have SHORTAGE then government allocations are always too gas lines. much or too little. There is an old story While the supply and demand factors we that if the government made shoes there have mentioned have shaped the market of HON. RON PAUL would be only two sizes-too large and too gasoline, all of them together would not OF TEXAS small. In socialist countries where govern have created the shortage and gas lines ments do make shoes it is indeed an old we have today. (And neither would OPEC, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S story. the troubles in Iran, etc... . ) This is be Monday, July 9, 1979 Despite reports of outrageous profits, oil cauEe shortages are not caused by decreased company returns on capital have been slight supplies or increased demand. Shortages are • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, I was grati ly less than for manufacturing i!ldustry at not the result of physical scarcity. Shortages fied to see that last week the Department large. This explains why the President and are a price phenomenon. of Energy concluded that gas lines waste congressmen have talked about requiring oil Shortages cannot be caused by evil mer time and gas. Certainly any 6-year-old companies to reinvest their profits in the oil chants or crafty Arabs. Shortages are caused child could have told them that, but it is industry. Firms don't usually try to get out only by price controls. When supplies a.re reassuring to know that the Department of a business where they are making out reduced prices will normally go up, attract rageous profits. Last year the total profits ing more supplies into the market and caus is on top of things. of all the major oil companies were less than ing some consumers to buy less, so that the It would be too much to expect them the budget of the Department of Energy. price will settle to a point that there is to understand the following article, I The hostile political climate which oil enough for everyone who wishes to buy. guess, so I am placing it in the RECORD companies face in the United States makes There is a "shortage" of everything below rather than sending it to the DOE in the investment in oil production less desirable the market price. There ls an "oversupply" hope that some Members of Congress Political risk is a cost of business. Every of everything above the market price. There might be able to grasp what Mr. Keeler time a politician denounces the oil industry ls a shortage of gas at below the free market is talking about. It is astounding that he raises the cost of bringing us oil. You price. There always has been and always will this Government has the arrogance to are paying some of that cost right now. be. DEMAND Some years ago, the economist Frank presume to control the economy while it Knight remarked, "If educated people can't does not even know elementary econom There are a great many factors which or won't see that fixing a price below the ics. The arrogance of the ignorant is have caused demand to increase, not all of market level inevitably creates a 'shortage' it greatly to be feared, for if unchecked it them obvious. Some of these include: ls hard to believe in the usefulness of telling will destroy not only our economy, but Environmental and safety devices required them anything whatever in this field of by state and federal governments have in discourse." that of the whole world. creased gas consumption. Since they are re The article follows: All of this political meddling could have quired by law, we have no choice but to buy been absorbed by the market without our COMMONSENSE ABOUT THE GAS SHORTAGE them. These may be very desirable, but present distress, had the government allowed (By Davis E. Keeler) they have to be paid for. supply and demand to be adjusted by the As you sit in the gas line you have plenty Restrictions on nuclear power have caused natural workings of the price mechanism. of time to read about the latest government utilities to consume more on. But, unfortunately, the government's re reports on the oil problem. I believe we al Environmental restrictions on coal-fired fusal to let the price mechanism serve its ready know enough, without reading govern generators and strip mining have prevented conservation function of reducing consump ment reports or industry press releases, to substitution of coal for oil in power gen tion has encouraged wasteful fuel use. The understand why we are having an oil short erating. market has not failed, it has not been al age. We don't have to look into the black The federal government itself has been lowed to function. hearts of oil company executives. The im buying oil to stockpile by pumping it into so, as you sit in the gas line, remember: portant facts have never been in dispute. Louisiana salt domoo. They presently have You are suffering through a shortage, not You already know them. about 87 million barrels in the ground. At because you have been bad and used too They involve the simple economic funda current rates of consumption this would cov much gas, not because the Arabs are greedy, mentals of supply, demand and price. er our present storage for about six months. not because of some elaborate fraud perpe SUPPLY Because the government was not expecting trated by the oil companies, but simply be cause of government price controls. The petroleum industry has been subject the shortage to occur this soon, they have no facilities for getting the oil back out of But how do we know the oil companies to numerous government policies which have aren't engineering all this? How do we know discouraged oil production. To name just a. the ground. few: they aren't holding back? There are also a number of other govern But why should they hold back? They can't "Old oil," i.e., oil from producing fields, ment policies which have increased the de get higher prices by holding back, because has been controlled at a very low price. This mand for petroleum. Whlle these are indirect, their prices are controlled by the government. ls intended to encourage companies to find their long term effects are clear: If they want higher prices they can send "new oil" for which they can charge more, Zoning and land use controls have in their lobbyists around to have a three-mar but it also discourages development and pro hibited apartment buildings and intensive tini lunch with the right bureaucrats and duction from "old" fields. land use, particularly in California. Because settle matters quietly and discreetly. This ls The oil depletion allowance, a tax break mass transit depends on concentrations of much easier and much safer politically than to encourage oil production, has been greatly population, we have been forced to rely on risking the wrath of all the motorists in reduced. People considered it a "loophole." the private car for personal tra-nsportation. America by fomenting a gasoline shortage. July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17659 If supply and demand controlled prices, then children are afloat in small, unseaworthy a. reasonable number o! Indochinese refugees. that might sound plausible, but prices are boats in the South China Sea and the Gulf The bigger countries, and those with sparse controlled by Washington. The charge doesn't of Siam. They have fled or been forced out ly populated areas, could take the largest make sense economically or politically. of Vietnam, whose calloused leaders in Hanoi numbers. As an aside, holding back goods to drive care not for the value of human life, do not Organize a United Nations mercy fleet to up prices doesn't really work in a free market · know the meaning of human dignity, and do patrol the open seas of Southeast Asia. The anyway. The Rockefellers and others tried it not acknowledge or a.ccept the doctrine o! ships could rescue those forlorn "boat peo a long time a.go and failed. As prices rise, human rights. ple" and take them to temporary havens new suppliers enter the market to cash in Many have drowned, many have died o! pending resettlement. and prices a.re driven back down. Free mar starvation and disease. Many more are Appeal to the conscience of evey country kets work because people a.re greedy, not be doomed to die unless action is ta.ken quick that belongs to the United Nations, and ask cause they a.re public spirited. ly to save them. them all to contribute to a fund to finance By controlling prices the government has At least 500 o! these Vietnamese "boat the rescue and resettlement efforts. Then kept us in the dark about the oil situation. people" who attempted to land in Malaysia none could plead poverty as an excuse. We can see newspaper reports or TV stories last week were forced at gunpoint back to These moves wou~d be just for starters, about millions of barrels but this doesn't sea-and probable death for many of them. and their goals could not be achieved over mean anything to those of us who aren't fa Deputy Prime Minister Ma.hathir Mdhammad night. But just bringing them in the forum miliar with the oil business. But the price warned that "if they try sinking the boats, of the United Nations could remind the at the pumps tells us in a single figure what they won't be rescued." Although threats to world of the dimensions of this disaster, a we need to know about the thousands of shoot those who came ashore were later disaster that could be labeled one of the factors bearing on the world-wide oil indus repudiated by the Malaysian government, this greatest of the 20th century. try. When those prices are controlled we indicates the mood of a country where 74,000 While pointing to what has not been done don't get that information and are in the of these poor souls have taken refuge. and should be done, I do not wish to overlook dark about whether oil is plentiful or scarce The tragedy ls neither momentary nor some encouraging progress that is being and have to rely on government or industry minimal. Faced with deportation from their made. For instance: claims about what's going on. Price control homes to virtual slave camps in rural areas, Britain's Prime Minister Margaret Thatch is like censorship: it keeps us from knowing they have been fleeing the country at the er, to her great credit, has issued a call for what's happening in our economy. rate of 60,000 a month. That's about 700,000 an international conference on the refugee What would the price be if we got the a year, a figure most of us shudder to imagine. problem. government out of the gasoline business? Reports have reached the State Depart Washington leaders have decided to join It could be higher or lower; when you look ment that the number of deaths from drown Great Britain, perhaps in asking the U.N. at the extent of its involvement (and the ing or lack of food or medicine may be as Security Council to pressure Vietnam to stop ones I mentioned above are just some of high as 50 percent. Although officials are not treating its ethnic Chinese as if they were them) there's really no way to tell. At this ready to confirm or deny that figure, they unwanted aliens. time the Shortstop stations in California a.re have no doubt the tragic total is in the realm Kurt Waldheim, secretary general of the selling (thanks to a loophole in DOE regula of tens of thousands. United Nations, a humanitarian highly sym tions) gas at $1.09 and have few takers, so It's as miserable for those on land as those pathetic to the refugees, is actively seeking that might be an upper limit for the time at sea. About 40,000 Cambodian families who advice from many governments to see what being. fled the Vietnamese communist conquerors further help can be forthcoming. He is in But whatever the price the important o! Cambodia were !arced by authorities in favor of the international conference men thing would be that it was the result of our Thailand to return to their homeland. tioned above. own free decisions to buy or not buy, drive Another 40,000 may be sent back, but they A proposal ls making the rounds in Wash or bike, save or spend.-our actions and the won't find much o! a homeland left. Because ington urging an increase in the number millions of others like us, ea.ch knowing our many were soldiers of the Khmer Rouge army own particular needs and values. It's freedom of refugees accepted ln the United States that fought Vietnamese invaders, they face from 7,000 to 14,000 a month. I might add that's important, and I resent being forced almost certain death. to sit in a gas line while politicians pretend that the 230,000 refugees in this country Kingsbury Smith, national editor for The have proved themselves to be highly intel to solve a problem they created themselves.e Hearst Newspapers, tells me the State Depart ment estimates there are 350,000 refugees in ligent, industrious people. About 90 percent temporary camps in Thailand, Malaysia and of these Vietnamese have found jobs, and Indonesia. These are Vietnamese, Cambodians few are on welfare. CALLING ON U.N. TO AID "BOAT and Laotians who have either escaped or been President Carter will have an opportunity PEOPLE" forcibly expelled, often at gunpoint, from at the Asian summit conference in Tokyo their homelands. next week to talk about the plight of the The brutality seems to have no bounds. "boat people" with countries closest to it. HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO The Vietnamese communist regime in Hanoi Secretary of State Cyrus Va.nee wlll go ls trying to get rid o! more than a mllllon from that conference to a meeting of the As OF CALIFORNIA ethnic Chinese Whose ancestors have lived in sociation of South East Asian Nations and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vietnam for generations. has the refugee question on his agenda. Monday, July 9, 1979 Many of them are shopkeepers and small These events provide the Carter admlnis business people, such as those clustered along tration with some real opportunities for e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, the streets and in the countryside of Cholon, dramatic international leadership in apply the horrifying extortion and expulsion outside o! what was once the free city of ing the president's human rights doctrine of Vietnamese are unparalleled in recent Saigon but is now a political extension o! to help save the victims of Hanoi's Vietnam. history, with the exception of the in Hanoi called Ho Chi Minh City. They repre If this oppor.tunlty ls not grasped, and soon, famous concentration camps of Nazi sent free enterprise, the capitalistic svstem not only by the United States but by human Germany. that Vietnam's new rulers have crushed. and humane leaders in all nations, the pain Some can get their freedom l! they will and death of those 700,000 refugees a year The following William Randolph submit to extortion. Many are being forced will continue, and this unprecedented tidal Hearst editorial emphasizes strong need to pay bribes equivalent to $3,000 a !head if wave of human misery will flow criminally for a positive U.N. response to the tragic they want to be allowed to escape. on. victims of the totalitarian Vietnamese A question I would lilre to raise ls: What Let us see who really stands for humanl Government. I am encouraged by the ls the United Nations doing about these vic tarlanism.e President's decision to expand the quotas tims of communist barbarism? for incoming refugees, and certainly hope Where are the resolutions condemning Vietnam !or vlolatin~ the human rle:hts of that this Congress will act to support the its own people? Where are the Security Coun THE MYTHOLOGY OF ENERGY refugees. We have a special relationship cil demands for sanctions, or does the U.N. with our Vietnamese friends who are operate unrfer a double standard and impose fleeing their own country, and should not such punishment only on more democratic HON. RON PAUL hesitate to do what we can. nations like Rhodesia.? OF TEXAS The editorial follows: It's high time the United States and other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Western powers in the United Nations moved CALLING ON U.N. To Am "BOAT PEOPLE" more swiftly to rescue the homeless victims Monday, July 9, 1979 (By William Randolph Hearst, Jr.) of Vietnamese communist cruelty. There are • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, I would like NEW YoaK.-What is happening to the many missions of mercv in which United Na refugees from communist terror and tyranny tions leadership should be engaged, but I to call the attention of mv colleairues to in Southeast Asia is the most appalling would like to suggest just a !ew o! the more an article that appeared in the July 1979 crime against humanity since Hitler's per ur~ent ones: issue of the Freeman magazine. Written secution of the Jews in Nazi Germany. Call on all members of the United Nations by Yale Brozen, "The Mythology of Thousands of starving men, women and to provide permanent settlement places for Energy" is a concise and accurate anal- 17660 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 ysis of our present energy crisis and its already staked out and producible at today's priate rate of downsizing automobiles, than causes. Dr. Brozen, who is professor of prices. the government can or will do. business economics at the University of The number o! years' supply of proven re MYTHS NUMBERS FOUR AND FIVE serves is at the highest level in the history Why did we have those long lines at Chicago, dissects seven myths that are of the statistic. Traditionally, proven reserves being used in an attempt "to sell Ameri gasoline stations in 1974? Was it because of have ranged from fifteen to thirty years at the Arab embargo? cans on ceding more of their freedom contemporaneous rates of oil use. Moreover, to the central government." These myths, The reason for those long lines was be the statistic is only indirectly related to the cause the Federal Energy Oflce allocated he writes, are "blatant falsehoods" and actual amount of oil existing underground gasoline and gave orders to refiners as to "almost as crude and just as untruthful in the world, and even the direction of the what products they could produce. All dur as disco~ ing from the Mid-East, it came from Canada, (By Yale Brozen) ered that is producible at today's prices is Indonesia, Venezuela, and Nigeria. Some The war against the automobile and unknown. Geologists• estimates range from came indirectly from Libya and other Mid against private enterprise continues. This a low of a twenty-year additional supply to Ea.st countries via. Curacao and the Ba.ha.mas. time, it appears in the guise of a quest for a a high of fifty years.1 T.he embargo made only a small difference reduced international payments imbalance Taking the lowest estimate, today's real in the volume of imports. The oil companies and freedom from coercion by the Organiza prices need not change for the coming half did a massive and heroic job redirecting tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Prop century to induce a supply of petroleum suf world traNicaragua The rise in the price o! energy is inducing Carter administration for its obsession months ago, the administration broke a long the production o! energy saving equipment tra.diton o! friendship. The regime of Presi and of less energy intensive motors, engines, for accommodating Third World na dent Anastasio Somoza was criticized for generators, cement kilns, !urna.ces, boilers, tions. The results of this policy, evi human-rights violations. In addition, the refrigerators, freezers, a.1r conditioners, and denced in Asia, Africa, and Latin Amer administration sided overtly with an armed water heaters. It ls also attracting invest ica, have been to reduce substantially challenge to Somoza by guerrilla !orces, the ment into private Research and Develop U.S. influence and prestige and to en Sandinistas-friendly to Castro. ment (R&D) to develop alternative sources courage greater animosity toward the Last week, Washington formalized its posi o! energy, to develop techniques for second United States. tion before the Organization of American ary and tertiary recovery of oil from spent The lesson to be learned from this States. Secretary Vance declared the civil war fields, and to improve methods of extracting emerging pattern is not necessarily to in Nicaragua would continue until Somoza oil !rom shale and tar sands. In 1975, oll support repressive totalitarian govern gave way to an interim government built companies invested $51 mill1on in coal R&D, around the Sandlnistas. To ensure the tran $38 m1111on in developing methods !or con ments, but to end attempts at wooing sition, Vance asked the OAS to send a token verting coal into synthetic fuels, $30 m11- radical elements in Third World nations. force. 11on in oil shale R&D, $9 m1111on in tar sands The article fallows: But the Latin American states have stead' R&D, $7 m1111on in geothermal R&D, and UNREQUITED COURTSHIP Uy refused to sponsor an interim force, or $2 mill1on in solar R&D. (By Joseph Kraft) even mediation efforts. The majority grouped Currently, private expenditures on energy Nicaragua provides a revealing test for the itself a.round a Cuban argument that such R&D are near the $2 b1111on level. This may foreign policy of the Carter administration. action would amount to imperialist inter seem a pale effort compared to the $4 blllion For the distinctive mark of that policy is a vention. As an editorial in the official Cuban that the federal government ls laying out on reversal of traditional ties to woo the left newspaper put it: "Yankee intervention in nuclear and solar research. But examination wing regimes of the underdeveloped coun Nicaragua would signify a Vietnam in the o! pa.st private and governmental research tries in the Third World. heart of the Western hemisphere." efforts suggests that we wlll get 100 times the But the record-now in Nicaragua and return per private dollar in R&D that we get What all this says is that the Third World earlier in other countries-shows that the radicals a.re not opposed to the United States from the government dollar .3 The federal effort is self-de!eatlng. The more the United !or trivial reasons. Nice words a.bout democ government has laid out $4,200,000,000 on States moves to accommodate the radical developing a liquid metal, fast breeder reac racy, or even a switch in the line or support, !orces of the Third World, the more radical cannot change their positions. Deep-seated tor.' It achieved so little that it is giving up those forces become. the effort. political-and especially cultural-reasons The point man for the Third World pollcy tilt those countries toward an anti-American The private market does a superior job in of the Carter administration has been the stance. Their leaders like to be seen standing allooJ.ting resources to their most productive American ambassador to the United Nations, up to the power or the military and even uses, including choosing among alternative Andrew Young. In formal speeches and off R&D programs, than the government does.'; more to the message o! the American media. the-cutr remarks, Young has embraced all So 1! the United States adjusts its position I! the government wouldn't try to do so of the world's underdogs. in hope o! compromise, the radicals will also much, we would get more accomplished, and Occasionally President Carter has felt energy would be more plenti!ul than it ls move-precisely to avoid compromise. obliged to reprimand Young. But only by a That ls no reason for the United States to now. slap on the wrist. And not because of any fear FOOTNOTES support reactionary regimes and outmoded tha t Young wUl queer the administration positions. But it ls a reason not to pay out 1 "Oil and Gas Resources-Welcome to Un with black voters. On the contrary, Young assets in the expectation that courtship o! certainty," Resources (Washington: Re stands aces-high with the administration be the Third World radicals will yield big sources for the Future, March 1976); House cause President Carter, Vice President Walter of Representatives Committee on Interstate Mondale, Secretary of State Cyrus Vance and dividends.e and Foreign Commerce, Basic Energy Data, even the president's adviser on national secu 94th Congress, 1st sess., 1975; Peter Odell, rity affairs, Zbigniew Brzezinski, agree with "Are the Oilmen Crying Wolf Too Soon?" The him. Guardian, July 16, 1978, p. 9. Polley has been framed accordingly in Asia, SHATI'ER THE SILENCE, ELENA 2 Richard Mancke, Performance of the Fed Africa and Latin America. The administra LEIKIKH eral Energy Office (Washington: American tion started in Asia by offering the hand of Enterprise Institute, 1975). Crude oil and reconclllation and friendship to a former petroleum product stocks rose by 85 million enemy, Vietnam. Negotiations for resumption HON. BRUCE F. VENTO barrels during the embargo relative to pre o! diplomatic relations collapsed only when OF MINNESOTA ceding year stocks, p. 5. Hanoi refused to drop Its claims for war IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 3 "Much o! energy rese:i.rch and develop reparations. ment activity, such as the aggressive coal gas Since then the Vietnamese regime has be Monday, July 9, 1979 ification prc)grams, falls in the category ... come increasingly strident in its behavior. It • Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, today I [o!] policies that have little social value and has invaded Cambodia, roughed up China, am joining in the "Shatter the Silence great social cost." Edward J. Mitchell, U.S. firmed ties with Russia, and deliberately Energy Policy: A Primer (Washington: thrust upon the outside world a ghastly re! Vigil 1979." I wish to relate to my col American Enterprise Institute, 1974), p. 72. ugee problem. But Washington, all along, has leagues the painful separation of a Also see Price L. Petersen, A Critique of Two been looking the other way. mother and father from the daughter Assessments of the Synfuels Commercializa In Africa, the Carter administration from and to bring their attention and to the tion Program (Washington: American Petro its first days identified itself with the guer attention of the world of the cavalier leum Institute, August 8, 1977), p. 72 . rilla forces, a.nd black states, pushing !or disregard of the Soviet Union toward its 4 Brian G. Chow, The Liquid. Metal Fast majority rule in Rhodesia. But the guerrlllas Breeder Reactor: An Economic Analysis refused to compromise with the Rhodesian commitment to the Helsinki agreement (Washington: American En.terprise Insti whites, and the African states backed them covering the reunification of families. tute, 1975),p. 13. all the way. Elena. Churakova is a 14-year-old Rus- 17662 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 sian girl who is separated from her lov gration of Elena. I have also repeatedly USE AMERICAN AGRICULTURE TO ing parents, Marina and Alexander Lei phoned the Soviet Consul to learn of the BARTER FOR OPEC OIL kikh. When Elena was 5 years old, Ma status of this case. To each of these ef rina married her current husband, forts, the Soviet Union has responded Alexander. Alexander has been a loving with silence. Soviet officials have re HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON husband to Marina and a considerate sponded to all humanitarian efforts to OF ALABAMA father to Elena. Since the marriage, reunite a daughter with her loving par Albert Lozenko, Elena's paternal father, ents with an arrogant disregard for this IN 'I'HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has expressed no interest in Elena. just cause. I am speaking out today be Monday, July 9, 1979 When the Leikikh family decided to cause it is apparent that the Soviet emigrate, it became necessary for Alex Union will not act unless public opinion e Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, once ander to legally adopt Elena. Albert Lo forces them to act. It is my hope that by again, the United States and the other zenko did not object to this proposal and bringing the case of the painful separa industrialized nations of the world are gave official notary permission for Elena tion of the Leikikh to light, the Soviet being victimized by the Organization to be adopted by Leikikh. This act was Union will move to uphold the Helsinki of Petroleum Exporting Countries. This legalized by the council of representa agreement and will reunite Elena with time with the highest oil price rise since tives for the Zheleznodorozhny region of her parents. the Arab embargo of 1973. Kiev for 13IX in No. 1707, and a new At this time, I would like to draw my Needless to say, I have been deeply birth certificate was issued which de colleagues' attention to some letters concerned over the lack of a viable solu clared Alexander Leikikh to be Elena's from Elena; her words most eloquently tion to this worsening problem. father. At that time she was given shatter the silence: I believe there is an alternative ap Marina's maiden name-Churakova. Hello Mummy, Da.ddy a.nd Sanik: I al proach which should be given serious On October 12, 1976, the Leikikh ready wrote you several letters a.bout resolv consideration. That is the use of barter family applied for a visa at the Kiev De ing my problem a.s quickly as possible. I in acquiring our foreign crude oil re don't understand, Mummy, why I a.m not quirements. partment of Visas. On November 23, being returned to you for so long? 1976, Albert Lozenko was called to the How long must one wait? It seems to me The United States is in a unique sit chief of the department of visas, Sif that it should be very simple for me to re uation. Depending on the one hand, on arof, who suggested that he write to the turn to my mamma.. Particularly since no a sizable percentage of its petroleum prosecutor's office of the Zheleznod one asked me whether I want to stay with requirements coming from high-priced orozhny region objecting to the depar this father who did not know me a.11 this imports; while on the other hand, being ture of Elena to another country. Lo time. I wm never go to live with him; no favorably endowed with a sizable sur zenko refused to do this, declaring that body wm force me to do it. plus of agriculture products that are in I live with great-grandmother, who is al he had stopped being her legal father ready 80 yea.rs old. What if suddenly some short supply in other parts of the world. and that it was the mother who had the things happens to her? Who w111 I then The exchange of these two commodi right to take care of her daughter. stay with? ties on an equitable basis could be ac The first time that the· case for can Mummy, ask a.11 kind people to help get complished through barter agreements. celing the legality of the adoption was me out of here. Of course, I a.m studying, I In principle, my proposal would call on brought to trial it was rejected and con must study, but I suffer a. lot being torn the American grain exporters to nego sidered baseless. The prosecutor's coun a.way from you. tiate the sale of petroleum to American cil then canceled the adoption of Elena. I cry a.11 the time. Why ls nobody sending for me? refineries at a predetermined price. The The canceling document of the trust I love you a.11 so much. grain exporters would negotiate a barter ee's council was dated March 28, 1977, agreement to exchange grain for oil. The and the Leikikhs did not learn about it I kiss you very, very ha.rd and particularly Sa.nik. net result would be that the American until April 20, 1977. The family had Write more often. grain exporters would receive U.S. dol never been called before the council nor Mea.nwhlle I am a.11 in tears. lars from U.S. refiners. The U.S. refiners had the council interviewed Elena to de would receive oil from American grain termine her wishes. YOUR LENA. dealers, and U.S. dollars would not leave The Leikikhs tried to gain permission Xerox copy of envelope enclosing preced the country. Quite possibly, the cost per for them to leave with Elena for 7 ing letter is addressed to M. Lelklkh, 1471 barrel of oil would be lower than the St. Paul Ave. 1, St. Paul, Minn. 55116, USA, months but without success. They con from Elena Churakov, ul.Furmanova 40, kv. cost per barrel the United States must tacted officials to change the decision 2, [1llegible], Kiev 25510, U.S.S.R. pay at present. and begged that their f amity be allowed March 20, 1978. For too long we have dispersed our to remain united. But all their appeals How a.re you my loved ones: How ls your largess to all corners of the Earth with were for naught. Finally, because they health? How is my dear Ilttle brother ~oing? out considering the impact of these ac no longer had jobs and had given up Dearest Mummy, I have already written c;ev tions on the American economy. their fiat, the Leikikhs emigrated. How eral letters to you, asking you to get me, but Let me set out some of the things my ever, they have continued to seek reuni apparently you didn't get these letters. Yes, I miss you a.11 very much and cry all the time. proposal will do and some of the things fication with their daughter and have I want very much to go to you and must it will not do. been in contact with the Soviet authori live with you. It will enable American grain exports ties. Why do I have to live without you? to be handled through normal commer Albert Lozenko has remarried and I don't even want to study properly. I am has a new family. He and his new wife cial channels. unhappy and a.m nervous. I want to and we It will enable our refiners to purchase do not want Elena and have refused to must be together. I very much want to come take her in. Elena is currently living to you. Why is it taking so long to resolve oil from our grain exporters. with Marina's mother, Lidia Merichi this problem? Why don't they ca.11 me in and Because our refiners will pay our grain kova. It has been over 2 years since she ask me? After all, don't ~ have the right to exporters dollars for the oil, the grain has seen her parents and she misses live with my mother? exporters will receive payment in U.S. them very much. I hadn't been to my father's and never will currency. go. You know what sort of a. father he ls to Because these dollars will not leave the Mr. Speaker, the title "Shatter the me. He didn't pay any attention to me all Silence" is particularly apropos for the these yea.rs. How is my dear little brother? United States, there will be a salutory Leikikh case. Not wishing to anger Soviet How ls he behaving? How ls he managing impact on our balance of payments. officials and thus potentially jeopardiz with the English language? How is Daddy Because prices for the grain and pe ing the speedy reunification of the Lei feeling? And you dear Mummy? Thanks for troleum will be prevailing prices, this kikh family, I sought to work quietly the package. I liked everything very much. transaction will not force prices for these through the proper channels within the Thanks for your concern for me. Mummy, do commodities to rise-thus relieving the something a.bout me quickly. pressure of higher costs to American con Soviet bureaucracy. Since this matter I kiss you very, very ha.rd. was first brought to my attention in P.S. I haven't heard from you for a. whole sumers for products utilizing grain as November 1977, I have written to Presi month. I am waiting for your reply. well as heating oil, gasoline, and other dent Brezhnev, Ambassador Dobrynin, P.S. I myself sent my letters from the energy uses. and other Soviet officials, urging them post-office. It will not adversely affect other indus to intervene in securing the prompt emi- Goot-ba.y ( GOOd by)·• trial nations because these oil producing July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17663 countries will have ample excess produc always, the excessive creation of money still Phantom corporate profits are taxed. And breeds inflation. Once again: too much inflation ratchets taxpayer incomes into tion to meet their needs. higher tax brackets. It money chasing too few goods. will not require a new government There are, of course, two parts to that Inflation encourages consumption and bureaucracy because the Commerce De economic axiom. Inflation is not merely the debt and penalizes savings and investment. partment is presently equipped to review product of too many dollars, it is also the It erodes the very foundation of our pro these contracts. result of too few goods. The latter principle ductive capacity. It retards economic growth. It will not discriminate against inde is perhaps best illustrated by the way a crop Inflation has become our own worst enemy. pendent refiners because the grain ex failure is reflected in food prices or an oil It is imperative that we begin to move now porters can negotiate contracts for the shortage in gasoline prices. against Public Enemy No. 1. oil with any American refiners. So there are two sides to the inflation We must start by recognizing that the " average American" is not responsible for It will not discriminate against any coin: excessive money and insufficient goods and services. inflation, government is responsible; and it petroleum exporting country because it So much for the birds and bees of eco is to government, not the average American, car.. sell its excess petroleum above the nomics.· Let's take a look at today's in to whom we must look to for solutions. amount it exchanges for grain. flation. But we need solutions that address the It will not limit the amount of grain Since 1967 consumer prices have risen causes of inflation, not solutions that ad a country can buy because they are per 111 percent. Wholesale prices have climbed dress only the sympt oms. We do not need mitted to buy additional grain for hard 112 percent. real wage insurance. We do not need another currency if their requirements exceed And during the past six months, the in professorial lecture from Dr. Alfred Kahn, their surplus petroleum. flation outlook has clouded still further. and we certainly do not need a Barry Bos Consumer prices over the past six months worth to chide the American people for their In summary, my proposal will provide have been rising at an annual rate of 11.4 selfishness. a realistic approach to the disposition of percent and wholesale prices have advanced What do we need to do? We need to gradu our excess agricultural products and, at at a rate of 11.7 percent. ally slow down the growth in the monetary the same time, partially alleviate the So you ask, "Where did all this inflation aggregates. In doing so, Congress and the shortfall in domestic petroleum produc come from?" If you followed "the birds and Federal Reserve must act with slow but de tion until such a time as a long-range the bees" portion of my talk, it should not liberate speed. We must resist the tempta surprise you that the growth of the money tion to slam on the monetary and fiscal program is developed for energy self supply has paced the rate of inflation. Nor brakes. Such action would only prolong and sufficiency in our country.• should it surprise you that the present deepen the forthcoming recession . . . pro acceleration in inflation was preceded by ducing a recession that would not stop the accelerated growth in the money supply. price spiral, but rather would encourage Since 1967, the money supply-as meas Congress to pursue a more expansionary fis WHAT CAUSES INFLATION? ured by currency, savings and demand de cal policy that would generate still larger posits-has grown by a breathtaking 145 deficits and still more inflation. percent. Moreover, a year ago, the money What we need is a long-term commitment HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. supply was growing at a very worrisome clip to monetary and fiscal discipline-a disci OF NEW YORK of 12 percent a year. pline that rejects the Carter Administra tion's penchant for economic brinksman IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This discussio.n of the money supply, how ever, is not meant to in anyway absolve the ship; a discipline that sets a firm course Monday, July 9, 1979 Congress of its responsibility for inflation. aimed at gradually reducing inflationary Quite to the contrary. The engine of this pressures. • Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, our dis explosion in the money supply has been the But we cannot afford to fight inflation tinguished colleague, JOHN ANDERSON, federal deficit-a deficit that now persists through monetary and fiscal means alone, for whose work here has been so respected in good years as well as bad years, a deficit that would be too costly a struggle. We also over the years and whose articulacy is that reached a record post-war high of $66 have to work on the supply side of the infla legend, has recently spoken out on the billion in Fiscal Year 1976, a deficit that tion equation, and that means boosting our issue of inflation. As we have all bene remains at an estimated $33 bUlion in this economic efficiency . .. creating more goods what promises to be the last year of the and services. fited from his remarks in the past, there I can think of no better place to start is much to be derived from his com present economic recovery. As Congress spends beyond its means . . . than by weeding out the Federa» regulatory ments on this central issue facing the as the credit demands of the Federal gov thicket ... getting rid of costly and anti country. I submit his remarks herewith: ernment swamp the credit demands of the competitive regulation. We need to enact a WHAT CAUSES INFLATION? private sector, the Federal reserve faces a regulatory sunset bill that will force Con difficult choice. It can either permit Federal gress to exercise its oversight powers. I am (By JOHN B. ANDERSON} the sponsor once again this year of the An audience of your acuity and sophisti borrowing to crowd out private borrowing, or it can increase the money supply by pur Regulatory Reform Act, a bill sponsored by cation should know that asking a Member Sen. Percy and Majority Leader Robert Byrd of Congress, "Where does inflation come chasing Federal debt with crisp, new Federal over in the Senate. The Regulatory Reform from?" Is an embarrassing question. Like a Reserve notes. Act would establish an 8-year timetable for father who is asked by his ten-year old son, For the most part, the Federal Reserve has P:·esidential submission of and Congressional "Where do babies come from?", a Congress opted over the year for a middle course . . . action on four comprehensive regulatory man knows the answer but is reluctant to a course which steers between a credit crunch reform plans in each of the next four Con describe his role in the whole affair. on the one hand and a money supply explo gresses. If Congress fails to act, the sun But like the dutiful father, I wm endeavor sion o.n the other other . . . a course which would set on the agency in question. I think to answer your question fairly and complete nevertheless has fueled the price soiral. this is the only way that we will ever be able ly. And, unlike the Director of the Council But that is only half the story. While defi to control the runaway regulatory process. on Wage and Price Stability, Barry Bosworth, cit spending has been steadily eroding our But we also need to address the tax code I will not blame inflation on the "average nation's currency, another more serious de and its bias against work, savings and American"-an explanation that is the polit velopment has been eroding our nation's investment. ical equivalent of blaming the stork. productive capacity. What inflation has done We can help to remove the bias against So I will start my answer with the basics; for the dollar, taxation and regulation have work by "indexing" the tax rates so that what you might call "The Birds and the done to American investment and economic inflation will no longer ratchet taxpayer in Bees" of economics. I accept what is re performance. comes into higher tax brackets-a process garded as the classic definition of inflation: Last year, labor productivity-meaning that this year alone is likely to cost tax Too much money chasing too few goods. output per manhour-increased by o.nly 0.4 payers an estimated $10-15 billion more in The soundness of that general proposition percent. In the first quarter of this year, pro taxes. should be self-evident. If we double the ductivity fell at annual rate of 4.6 percent. We can help to remove the bias a.gainst money supply today, I think it's fair to say Contrast that performance with .the aver s::i.vings, a bias which is particularly felt by that we · could expect prices to double soon age 3 percent rate of growth in productivity lower and middle-income taxpayers who can thereafter. that prevailed during the 1950s and the 1960s, not afford to shelter their investment !ncome The classic illustration of this phenom and you begin to grasp the dimensio.ns of our or who cannot afford to purchase lMge de enon is, of course. the hyoerinflation that problem. nomination municipal or corporat e bonds. so afflicted the Weimar Republic in the But, it is not just taxation and regulation We can remove that bias in part by ex:empt 1920's. As the deutschmarks rolled off the that plaques American business. Inflation ing from the taxpayer's gross income the first printing press, the price of even modest pro- has also taken its toll. Tnfiation breeds un~ $':'00 in interest earned in a depository visions like a loaf of bread soared to the certainty a.!ld erodes business confidence. institution. modern equivalent of a million dollars. Inflation distorts the application of our And we can help to remove the bias against The same principle, albeit on a more tax laws. Purely nominal interest is taxed. capital investment by rewriting the tax de limited scale, is still applicable today. As Purely nominal capital gains are taxed preciation allowances, possibly along the 17664 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 lines being suggested by Congressmen Con and what he meant and the cross-over to United States Sena.tor from Massachusetts able and Jones-namely a 5-year writ eoff vote for him was tremendous. His political for 22 years until his retirement in 1966. for equipment and a 10-year writecff for trade-mark was "horse-sense," and it saw His work is done now. Leverett Saltonstall 3tructures. him through many powerful camp.ligns. has left for his Valhalla. His leaving has sad There are, of course, other ways of boosting In this building Leverett Sal tonsta.ll served dened us all for he had become an institution our economic output and t hus fighting infla for many years-13 as a. Legislator, eight ot in Massachusetts-kind, generous and tion. No st one should be left unturned in this which were served as Speaker and six years thoughtful and who long ago in the tradi endeavor. We should study, for instance, our as Governor. tion of his family going back hundreds of declining R. & D. effort to determine how I speak today, Mr. President, of his service years had dedicated hixnself to public service. government policies can help to reverse that as Governor-a. record probably unmatched Leverett Saltonstall was a just and hu decline. It is estimated t hat 60- 70 percent by any other chief exe<:utive. mane man. He served no special interest and of productivity increases are attributable to In his inaugural address in 1939, he said, sought no special end. ms interest was the technology and R. & D. "It is the duty of the government to pro welfare of all the people, especially the hum But our most important objective is to vide for the man a.t the foot of the hill Let ble, the poor and those in need. realize that government is responsibie for us be mindful of the rights of the people." I would like to close this expression of re inflation .. .. That the average American is When Leverett Saltonstall took over the spect to an old and valued friend with his not the perpetrator of inflation, but rather reins of State Government in 1939, there own prayer which closed out Governor Sal its victim. The average American is no m ere was only a. $15,000 surplus in the treasury. tonstall's first inaugural address on January greedy or selfish today than he or she \Vas 10 When he left six years later, the State sur 5, 1939. or 20 years ago. What has changed is govern plus was 10 million dollars aiid he had re Said Governor Saltonstall: ment policy, and what must be changed to duced the State debt by 46 million dollars "I utter this fervent prayer to the Crea.tor correct inflation is government policy. to less than $6 million. of the Universe before whom we all stand: To effect that change in government policy Pardons and paroles were being sold right Guide us so that we may act justly; pre we are going to need bold, decisive leader in the State House. Many of the state's most serve for us that priceless heritage of liberty; ship, leadership that understands the eco vicious criminals were being released through make us see clearly that boundary which nomic facts of life. And it is to that end t hat the Governor's Council. Saltonstall put a separates liberty and authority. Give to us an I have dedicated my campaign for this na stop to the practice and brought some sense unconquerable will to administer the affairs tion's highest office.e of righteousness to the granting of pardons. of our Commonwealth in such a manner as to The State Racing Commission was honey be worthy of her loftiest traditions." combed with scandal. Salty reorganized the Leverett Saltonstall not only was worthy of commission and put it on a sound basis. the loftiest traditions of the Commonwealth, Thinking far a.head of his time, Salton but walked humbly in the sight of God and EULOGY TO SENATOR LEVERETT stall proposed legislation for Civil Rights. will alwa,ys remain in our thoughts as a SALTONSTALL He successfully sponsored a measure to fine man whose career in public life was exem any person $100 who discriminated against plary and dedicated to the betterment of any person in employment-a first in New mankind.e HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE England. OF MASSACHUSETTS Governor Saltonstall saw the growing problPm of the aged and actively pushed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES legislation providing the second best bene AIR POLLUTION IS GETTING WORSE Monday, July 9, 1979 fits for the aged of all the states in America. Under his wise leadership, elderly people • Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, following received more than any other administra HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. the death of our dear friend and former tion had given them. OF CALIFORNIA colleague Leverett Saltonstall several He developed the program of Blue Shield IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for Massachusetts citizens. weeks ago, tributes poured from the Monday, July 9, 1979 hearts of people of all walks of life. A He foresaw the need !or Logan Airport particularly fine eulogy was delivered on and worked for its improvement. e Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Salty reorganized the Tax Department; Speaker, I regret the fact that the state the fioor of the Massachusetts Senate 215 cities and towns were able to reduce by the Honorable John F. Parker, Re their tax rates in a single year because of ment I am going to make is true. In publican ~oor leader in that august the businesslike methods instituted by a spite of the great etrorts made in this body. I would like to have Senator Par hardworking Governor Saltonstall. country to improve our Nation's air ker's remarks entered into the RECORD He reorganized the Milk Control Board. quality, it is not getting better. There are at this point in the proceedings and He stabilized milk prices and through his many reasons for this, including delayed commend them to all of Senator Saltcn interest, agricultural income almost doubled deadlines for implementing air pollution from 73 million dollars to some 140 million controls in both mobile and stationary stall's friends and admirers in this Con dollars. He was honored by the Massachu gress, of whom there are a great many. setts Grange for his efforts in behalf of sources; poor enforcement of existing EULOGY TO SENATOR LEVERETT SALTONSTALL farming. programs; increased sources of pollu BY SENATE MINORITY LEADER JOHN F. He appointed a labor man as Commis tion; and mistakes about effectiveness of PARKER sioner of Labor. He was endorsed by the some of the technical fixes of the past. The people of Massachusetts were sad CIO for re-€lection. He retrained 200,000 The air pollution problems I am de dened this week at the passing of one of the workers and brought under the scope of scribing are not questions of visibility, Commonwealth's distinguished public serv Workmen's Compensation many sufferers although this too is getting worse in some ants-the Honorable Leverett Saltonstall. from infectious diseases. He advocated pay areas, but rather levels of pollution which It is fitting, Mr. Presiden t , that some re increases for thousands of state employes. marks be made today on t his Senate floor in There was so much confidence in Salton are hazardous to human health. Incred eulogy to Senator SS.ltonstall who served so stall that 225 new industrial plants located ibly, while this disappointing state of honorably as a member ot the Legislature, here under his administration. atrairs is coming to public recognition, Speaker of the House of Representatives and Leverett Saltonstall reduced all problexns responsible people are recommending Governor of Massachusetts and elevation to to simplicity. He trusted the Legislature and the irresponsible act of relaxing air qual the United States Senate. it in .turn trusted him. It would have been ity standards, supposedly to save a small Leverett Saltonstall was elected to the difficult for the Legislature to maneuver amount of energy. While some energy House of Represent atives in 1923. In 1929, against him-for he had served there him savings may be possible through certain he was elected Speaker of the House and self over long and difficult years. changes, these savings are minor com held this position !or 8 years-longer than It was during Saltonsta.ll's magnificent ca pared to the range of energy saving op any other man in modern times. In 1939, he reer on Beacon H111 that the phrase, "His was elected governor and served six yea.rs word is his bond," ca.me into popular favor. tions before us. before leaving !or the United States Senate This open, honest, sincere and pleasant man Mr. Speaker, the American people de in 1945. had no guile, no deceit or crassness in his serve a health environment. We cannot Leverett SS.ltonstall was a Yankee Bra.hmin manner. Everyone knew where he stood. afford an unhealthy environment. Public and was possessed of high character and Respect for the Governor's office was a.t a. disillusion with Government is high in personal integrity. He could meet any polit high point during Saltonstall's tenure as ical foe on whatever grounds his adversary the land, largely because we fail to do Chief Executive. He was a straight-from-the what we say we will do. There are few dictated. His campaigns for variou s offices shoulder politician. This coupled with old were models of what campaigns ought to Yankee judgment and integrity brought areas where this is more true than with be-high level, clear-cut and no promises he comfort to the people that no better man air pollution laws. did not intend to fUlfill. could lead them as Governor. At this time, I would like to insert a The people had great confidence in Lever Following his service as Legislator, Speaker recent article on this subject for the ett Saltonstall. They understood what he said and Governor, Leverett Saltonstall was a RECORD: July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17665 [From the Los Angeles Times, July 7, 1979] breakdown of catalytic converters. But we ment in the Transjordanlan province of SOUTHLAND Now REPORTED LOSING LENGTHY would agree there is strong need for an an Palestine, Jewish rights of settlement under SMOG WAR nual inspection and maintenance pro the mandate in the West Bank and the Gaza gram."e Strip were untouched, and are untouched (By Sandra Blakeslee) st111. After years of heralding cleaner air in The State Department does not contest Southern California, the South Coast Air the survival of the Palestine Mandate as a Quality Management District reversed itself INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE trust governing the ultimate future of the Friday and said that the region seemed to be West Bank and the Gaza Strip. It could "losing the war on air pollution." WEST BANK hardly do so, in view of the clarity of inter Meeting in West Covina, the smog agency's national law on the subject and its policy to 10-member board concluded that despite a ward Namibia, Resolutions 242 and 338 and multiblllion-dollar effort by government, in HON. S. WILLIAM GREEN the Camp David agreements. It does claim, dustry and the publlc, "There has been no OJ' NEW YORK however, that Israeli settlements in the West net progress in oxidant control in the past IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bank are "illegal" as violations of the Geneva sh: years." Convention of 1949, which governs the Pro The board said that the problem appeared Monday, July 9, 1979 tection of Civ111an Persons in time of war or to be a failure to control automobile pollu • Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, on July 3 in cases of "partial or total occupation of tion, for which it blamed the federal govern the New York Times printed an excellent the territory" of a party to the convention. ment, and it urged President Carter to em letter from Yale law professor and for Shortly after the 1967 war, Israel took the panel a blue-ribbon comml~sion to conduct position that its administration of the West "an ur~ent and comprehensive review of the mer Under Secretary of State for Polit Bank and the Gaza Strip would respect the air quality policies related to mobile sources." ical Affairs Eugene V. Rostow. In his principles of the Geneva Convention but The appeal to the President came after a statement, which is a response to an that its provisions were not binding, because month in which five seeond-stage smog epi earlier letter from Ambassador Hazem the area was not part of the territory of any sodes occurred. In addition, three second Nuseibeh, Professor Rostow cogently sets signatory state. In this position, the Israelis stage alerts were called, requiring car pooling forth the primary principles of inter are clearly right. by thousands of commuters and a cutback in It ls easy to understand why Israel insists pollution by numerous businesses. national law relevant to the continuing on dramatizing its legal position. Even Egypt A spot check after the alerts indicated that debate over the status of the West Bank. denies Israeli claim to to the West Bank and many drivers circumvented the car-pooling Mr. Rostow stresses the sensitivity of the Gaza Strip and insists that they are regulations by avoiding company parking lots the situation when he urges the United "Arab lands." The other Arab states, and the and parking on side streets. In addition, state States to take action to check Soviet ac P.L.O., still cling to the myths of the Arab officials reported that half of all cars that tivity in the area. As he correctly points League's position in 1948-that the existence were being inspected were fa111ng air-pollu out, resolution of the Palestine problem of Israel ls itself an aggression which the tion tests, raising questions about the effec Arab states have a right to destroy in the tiveness of catalytic converters. will not result from our wringing more name of self-defense. At the moment, there "Things were supposed to be getting better and more concessions from Israel. After is no one with whom Israel can negotiate and better," said board member Tom Hein all, it is Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and over the future of the area, since Jordan re sheimer. "But to look at the trends. I'd say the PLO which refuse to make peace with fuses to make peace. anyone who thinks wei1 meet the 1982 fed Israel. The urgency of the problem No agreements to implement the Security eral standards for cleaning up the air ls makes Mr. Rostow's letter important Council Resolutions and the Camp David shockingly optimistic." reading and I recommend it to my accords are possible unless the United States "We've done well in some pollutants," he colleagues: acts soon and vigorously to prevent th. said. "The 15-year trend for carbon monoxide Soviet Union from bringing the whole Mid was continually better until it leveled off the ALL-IMPORTANT PALESTINE MANDATE IN THE dle East under its control. The Palestine pa.st two or three years. We're doing well with WEST BANK DEBATE problem cannot be solved by pressing Israel sulfur dioxide pollutants." To the Editor: to make more and more concessions. At this But photochemical oxidants, or ozone, are Ambassador Hazen Nuseibeh's letter of point, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia. and the another matter, Heinsheimer said. "Not long June 1 ("The West Bank Is Not Up P.L.O. refuse to make peace with Israel. They ago, we thought the days of second stage for Grabs"), claiming the imprimatur of in are more and more inclined to believe that smog alerts were behind us. Now this sum ternational law, contends that "sovereignty" the United States is losing its contest of mer we find a .43 parts per million read of in the West Bank resides in the people "who power with the Soviet Union and that, as ozone in Pasadena. We found a. .53 parts per have had prolonged a.nd uninterrupted Ambassador Nuseibeh's letter makes clear, million reading for ozone in El Toro." (The possession" of the territory "from time im the destruction of Israel and the formation reading was instantaneous and not an hourly memorial." of a. single Arab State for the entire territory average.) The letter does not mention the League of of the mandate have therefore become possi "This says all sanguine predictions that Nations Mandate for Palestine. Yet the man ble. clean a.tr would come if we waited for new date provides the only possible modern legal Illusions of this order are the stuff from cars to replace old ones aren't working," he definition of the word "Palestine," and ls which wars are made. said. the basis of Security Council Resolutions 242 EuGENE V. Rosrow, The board's alarm Friday stemmed from an and 338, on which the Camp David agree Professor of Law, Yale Law School. annua.l "air quality trends" staff report, ments rest. Instead, the Ambassador relies NEW HAVEN, June 21, 1979•• which was issued at its monthly meeting. on Jordan's attempt to annex the West Bank Adjusting for changes in annual weather in 1950. patterns, the report found there was a sharp International lawyers agree that the future decrease in high ozone readings from 1970 to of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip should SYNTHETIC FUELS: THE COMING 1972, a slight overall decline from 1972 to be resolved in ways which fulfill the purposes DISASTER 1977 but a "significant increase in high ozone of the mandate. Surely the peoples who live episodes from 1977 to 1978." in the West Bank have rights, whether they The reasons for the 1978 increase are not are descended from those who lived there HON. RON PAUL known with certainty, the report said, "but in ancient times or from more recent im OF TEXAS may have to do with a. combination of record migrants. But those rights must be recon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gasoline consumption and the high break ciled with the rights and obligations arising down rate of catalytic control devices on from the mandate. Both the Permanent Monday, July 9, 1979 motor vehicles." Court of International Justice and its suc • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, 2 weeks To reduce ozone levels, the staff report cessor, the International Court of Justice, said, "the performance of automotive emis have treated League mandates as "sacred ago this body rashly passed a measure sion control systems will have to be greatly trusts," which bind the world community. that it will soon regret ever having heard improved." Following suggestions by agency This view of the mandate system ls the major of, the Defense Production Act with officials, the report recommended annual in premise of .the Security Council's policy amendments mandating a Government spections of automotive smog devices. for Namibia, which has been upheld by the subsidized synthetic fuels industry. The However, there is a disagreement between International Court of Justice. Government has already proven itself the local smog agency, which is primarily re Resolutions 242 and 338 apply the principle incompetent to perform seemingly sim sponsible for stationary sources of pollution, of the Namibia decisions to the future of the ple tasks such as delivering the mail and the State Air Resources Board in Sacra West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The Pales on time and establishing a strategic mento, which is in charge of mobile sources. tine Mandate establishes a. trust not only for "Our staff strongly feels the weather was the inhabitants of the area but also for the petroleum reserve; what it will do with primarily responsible !or last summer's high Jews of the world who wished to go there to creating a whole new industry boggles smog levels," says Bell Sessa, a spokesman for live. While a (much-contested) British de the imagination. the state board. "We do not think it is a cision in 1922 denied Jewish rights of settle- I call the attention of my colleagues 17666 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 to an item that appeared in the July 2 I. DESCRIPTION OF BILL Principal Analyst: Charles W. Wiecking, issue of Chemical Engineering, for it is The bill provides $8,819 million in budget telephone 58797. just a harbinger of our energy future. authorit y and $8,424 million in outlays to Any sensible person would have second fund the Treasury Department, the U.S. H .R. 3236-DISABILITY INSURANCE AMEND- thoughts about what this House has Postal Service, the Executive Office of the MENTS OF 1979 (H. REPT. 96-100) President and ten other independent Committee: Ways and Means. done, and it is to be hoped that the Sen agencies. ate is wise enough to kill this program Subcommittee: Social Security. II. COMPARISON WITH lST BUDGET RESOLUTION Chairman: Mr. Pickle (Texas). once and for all. SPENDING TARGET The item follows: Ranking Minority Member: Mr. Archer This Appropriations bill combined with (Texas). "Gross mismanagement" of the H-Coal spendouts from prior appropriations is above Scheduled: Friday, July 13, 1979. liquefaction pilot-plant project, at Catletts the Subcommittee target by $124 million in I. DESCRIPTION OF BILL burg, Ky., by both the government and in budget authority and by $112 million in out dustry has caused "many millions of dollars" lays. This bill amends the Social Security Act in federal funds to be wasted. So says a 67- Explanation of Problem. The bill is very to provide better work incentives and im· page report compiled by the U.S. Dept. of close to the Budget Resolution assumptions. proved accountability in the Disability In Energy's (DOE) Office of the Inspector Gen It is over its target only because the Appro surance (DI) program. Fiscal year 1980 bene eral. The project is a joint effort of DOE and priations Committee provided a target that fit savings are estimated by CBO to be $80 private industry, led by Ashland Oil Inc. is more than $100 million below the Resolu million in outlays but administrative costs (Ashland, Ky.). tion assumptions. The Appropriations Com and the impact on other programs in the first Among the allegations made in the report mittee did not specify where the reductions year of implementation will be $104 million. are: should occur. Total annual savings in fiscal year 1984 on a unified budget basis will be $1.1 billion. H-Coal industrial participants do not have m. SUMMARY TABLE an incentive to control costs, because of their II. COMPARISON WITH FIRST BUDGET RESOLUTION relatively small financial commitment. Ash SPENDING TARGET land and its industrial partners are under Budget The Resolution assumed legislative savings writing about 16 percent of the project's Author- of $62 million in the Disability Insurance base cost, but none of the overrun. ity Outlays programs, as recommended by the Committee Radiographic testing, acceptance and on Ways and Means in the March 15 report. recordkeeping with respect to welds in high bilL ______Primarily because of reestimates by the So pressure piping were deficient. As a result, 1. Amount in 8,819 8,424 2. Prior action ______cial Services Administration of the adminis the safety of the H-Coal pilot-plant piping 326 trative costs associated with the bill, the first system is unknown. The project's piping was date ______year savings to the Disability Insurance subsequently reexamined, with about 17 per 3. Action to 8,819 8,750 4. Target 9, 151 9,079 Trust Fund will be $17 million. cent of the welds found to be faulty. ------III. SUMMARY TABLE DOE has not provided headquarters sup port or qualified staff necessary for the effec 5. Over Impact on Disability Insurance Trust Fund 6. Under ------tive management of the H-Coal project. ------date------______---- 332 329 (Outlays in millions of dollars): 7. Action to 8, 819 1. Amount in bilL______-17 The report has met wit h criticism from 8,750 8. Amount assumed but not 2. Action to date ______both Ashland and DOE, which claim that yet reported ______any problems that might have existed have 456 441 3. Amount assumed but not yet been corrected-and most of these before the reported ------9. Possible total ______9, 275 9, 191 inspector general's review. Thomas S. Wil 10. Target liamson, Jr., DOE's deputy inspector general, ------9, 151 9,079 4. Possible totaL______-17 acknowledges that changes have been made, 5. Target (legislative savings)------62 11. Over 124 112 but says that the agency needs to tighten 12. Under ------6. Over______+45 controls even further.e ------7. Under ------Note.-Figures in millions. a. Explanation of Difference From Target a. Explanation of Difference From Target (line 6. above). The bill exceeds the target HOUSEBUDGETCOMMITl'EEEARLY (line 11. above) . The bill totals are above primarily because of a reestimate by the So the Subcommittee target by $124 million in cial Security Administration of the adminis WARNING REPORT, WEEK OF trative costs associated with the bill. JULY 9, 1979 budget authority and by $112 million in outlays. The bill is consistent with the Res b. Amounts assumed in Budget Resolution olution but the Appropriations Committee but not yet Considered. No additional legis HON. PAUL SIMON set a target more than $100 million below lation pertaining to Social Security is as those assumptions. sumed in the Resolution. OF ILLINOIS b. Amounts Assumed in Budget Resolution IV. BUDGETARY FLOOR AMENDMENTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES but not yet Considered (line 8. above). The Mr. Simon may offer an amendment to Monday, July 9, 1979 bill does not include $177 billion in budget delay the implementation of section 13 of authority and $162 million in outlays as the bill by one year. That section would re • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, in order to sumed in the Budget Resolution to fund the imburse state vocational rehabilitation agen inform the House of the relationship of Strategic Materials Stockpile. Legislation is cies for having rehabilitated a disabled re appropriations and other spending bills pending which would significantly alter the cipient only if that recipient has successfully to amounts targeted in the first budget current concept of stockpile operations; returned to work. This provision would be resolution for fiscal year 1980, the therefore the appropriation was deferred come effective in fiscal year 1981 under the Budget Committee places in the Monday without prejudice. The bill also excludes $279 reported bill. RECORD materials on the spending bills million in budget authority and outlays for V. COMPARISON WITH PRESIDENT anticipated for floor action during the payments to the Civil Service Retirement The President proposed to save $34 million upcoming week. This week's package in and Disability Fund. That amount is esti through changes to the Disability Insurance mated by CBO to be required as a later sup program and $508 million through changes cludes summaries of the Treasury piemental, and was assumed in the Budget to the Old Age and Survivors Insurance re Postal Service appropriations bill; Dis Resolution. program. trict of Columbia appropriations bill; IV. BUDGETARY FLOOR AMENDMENTS Principal Analyst: James Rotherham, tele disability insurance amendments of phone 55792. 1979; State-Justice appropriations bill, None known at this time. V. COMPARISON WITH J>RESIDENT and the Trade Agreements Act of 1979. H.R. 4537-THE TRADE AGREEMENT ACT OF H.R. 4393-TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE AND The bill provides budget authority of 1979 $8,819 million, $186 million below amounts GENERAL GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATIONS Committee: Ways and Means. BILL, 1980 (H. REPT. 96-248) requested in the President's budget. The Chairman: Mr. Ullman (Oregon) . major difference occurs in amounts provided Committee: Appropriations. Ranking Minority Member: Mr. Conable Subcommittee: Treasury, Postal Service, for stockpile operations and other Federal property resources activities in GSA (-$179 (N.Y.). General Government. Scheduled: Tuesday, July 10, 1979. Chairman : Mr. Steed (Oklahoma) million) . Smaller reductions would occur for I. DESCRIPTION OF Bil.L Ranking Minority Member: Mr. Miller the Internal Revenue Service (-$7 million) (Ohio) and the Executive Office of the President This bill approves the agreements reached Scheduled: Thursday, July 12, 1979. ( -$2 mill ion) . in multilateral trade negotiations. These 17667 July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS amount. The estimate of outlays from prior V. COMPARISON WITH PRESIDENT negotiations were authorized by the Trade The President's budget request was for Act of 1974, which gave the President author year appropriations has been revised, pri marily reflecting slower spending in regular $487 million in budget authority for federal ity to agree to certain tariff reductions with payments to D.C., $159 million above the out further Congressional action. EDA programs than had been assumed in the First Budget Res;:ilution. amount provided in the bill. II. COMPARISON WITH FffiST BUDGET RESOLUTION b. Amounts Assumed in budget Resolution Principal Analyst: Adele Jackson, tele- ASSUMPTIONS but not yet Considered (line 8 above). phone 58797. This bill was not assumed in the First Amounts assumed in the Budge·;; Resolution Budget Resolution for fiscal year 1980. It re but not yet considered tota·l $2,106 million FLOOP. LEGISLATION CONTAINING BUDGET ACT duces revenues by $83 mlllion. in budget authority and $337 million in out PROBLEMS-WEEK OF JULY 9, 1979 m. EFFECT ON REVENUES, FISCAL YEAR 1980 lays. These amounts include funds for a The following outlines those bills scheduled number of programs which are not yet au Note-Figures in millions. under suspension during the week which thorized for FY 1980, including ( 1) Federal have Budget Act problems that the respec 1. Current law revenue estimate__ $509, 000 Trade Commission, $69 million; ( 2) EDA 2. Amount passed by the House tive committees have agreed to cure as well regular programs, $609 million; (3) National as those bills scheduled for consideration for this year______+2, 600 Development Bank replacement, $500 mil 3. Amount reported but not yet which letters have been sent to the Rules lion; ( 4) Regional Action Planning Commis Committee supporting waivers of the Budget passed ------+72 sions, $74 million; and (5) Law Enforcement 4. Amount in H.R. 4537------83 Act. Four bills will be considered under rules Assistance Administration, $440 million. waiving some provision o! the .Budget Act. SBA disaster-loan supplementals o! $413 1. H.R. 2814, a bill to authorize the Secre 5. Possible totaL------511, 589 million are also assumed in the budget res 509,000 tary o! the Army to convert certain slope 6. Target ------olution. !allures and erosion problems along the 2,589 IV. BUDGETARY FLOOR AMENDMENTS banks of the Coosa River, considered under 7. Over ------No major amendment known at this time. suspension !or Monday. 8. Under ------Section 1 of the bill would indirectly V. COMPARISON WITH PRESIDENT IV. BUDGETARY FLOOR AMENDMENTS authorize the enactment o! new budget Special legislative procedures under the This bill provides budget authority of authority in the form o! various erosion trade act disallow any amendments on the $7,647 million, $321 million below the total control activities. Since this section would requested in the President's budget !or com fioor. be effective upon enactment, and since the parable items. Major reductions include con bill was not reported on or before May 15, V. COMPARISON WITH PRESIDENT tributions to international organizations This proposal was not in the President's 1978, the bill would be subject to a point ($41 million), NOAA operations, research of order under section 402 (a) of the Budget budget for fiscal year 1980. and !acllities ($30 million), and ship con Principal Analyst: Harry Boissevain, tele Act. struction ( $69 milllon) . However, the Committee on Public Works phone 57213. Principal Analyst: Charles W. Wiecking, and Transportation has agreed to offer a telephone: 225-8797. version of the bill making section 1 effective H.R. 4392-STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, JUDI October l, 1979, thereby curing the existing CIARY APPROPRIATIONS, FISCAL YEAR 1980 H.R. 4580-DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPRO- PRIATIONS BILL, 1980 (H. REPT. 96-294) Budget Act violation. (H. REPT. 96-247) 2. H.R. 2043, a blll to amend the Water Committee: Appropriations. Committee: Appropriations. Bank Act, scheduled under suspension for Subcommittee: District o! Columbia. Subcommittee: State-Justice-Commerce. Monday. Chairman: Mr. Slack (West Virginia). Chairman: Mr. Wilson (Texas). Ranking Minority Member: Mr. Pursell Section 5 of the bill would indirectly au Ranking Minority Member: Mr. O'Brien thorize the enactment o! new budget author (Illinois) . (M1chigan). Scheduled: Wednesday, July 11, 1979. ity by increasing the maximum amount of Scheduled: Wednesday, July 11 and Thurs payments made pursuant to the Water Bank day, July 12, 1979. I. DESCRIPTION OF BILL Act allowed in any calendar year from $10 I. DESCRIPTION OF BILL The blll provides $328 mlllion in budget million to $30 million. Since this section This bill funds the Department.s of State, authority and $290 million in outlays to would be effective upon enactment, and Justice, Commerce, and related independent fund the Federal payment and other pay since the bill was not reported on or before agencies; it also funds the Judiciary. It pro ments and loans to the Distriot of Colum May 15, 1978, the bill would be subject to vides $7,647 million in budget authority and bia. The blll also appropriates D.C. funds a point of order under section 402 (a) of $6,022 million in outlays. available from local revenues totaling $1,- the Budget Act. 483 million. II. COMPARISON WITH FmST BUDGET RESOLUTION However, the Committee on Merchant SPENDING TARGET II. COMPARISON WITH lST BUDGET RESOLUTION Marine and Fisheries has agreed to offer a version o! the blll making section 5 effective This appropriations b111, combined with SPENDING TARGET October l, 1979, thereby curing the exist spendout.s from prior appropriations and This appropriation bill combined with amount.s assigned to the Subcommittee and spendout.s from prior appropria.tions is be ing Budget Act violation. not yet considered, is below the subcommit low the Subcommittee targets by $159 mil 3. H.R. 3821, the Intelllgence and Intelll tee target.s by $153 million in budget au lion in budget authority and $149 million gence-Related Activities Authorizations, thority and $256 milllon in outlays. in outlays. Fiscal Year 1980, scheduled for debate Mon Explanation of Problem. No major budget Explanation of Problem. No major prob day and vote Tuesday. problem with the b111 as reported. lem with the bill as reported. Section 401 o! the bill would authorize III. SUMMARY TABLE m. SUMMARY TABLE the enactment or additional new budget authority for fiscal year 1979. Since the bill was not reported by May 15, 1978, it would Budget Budget Out authority Outlays authority lays be subject to a point o! order under section 402 (a) o! the Budget Act. 1. Amount in bllL ______A poll of the members of the Budget $7,647 $6,022 1. Amount in bilL ______$328 $290 2. Prior action ______3,945 2. Action to date ______Committee showed that a majority supported 32 a waiver o! section 402(a) based primarily 3. Assumed but not yet con 3. Action to date ______7,647 9,967 on the fact that this supplemental authori 4. Target ------9,906 10,560 sidered ------zation satisfies the emergency standards 5. Possible totaL ______328 322 embodied in section 402 of the Budget Act 5. over------487 471 since the additional funding !or fiscal year 6. Under 2,259 593 6. Target ------1979 would be necessary to reactivate a key 7. Action ------to date ______7,647 9,967 intelllgence fac111ty 1n Turkey in light o! 7. Over------8. Amount assumed but 159 149 recent losses o! lntelUgence collection capa not yet reported ____ 2, 106 337 8. Under ------b111ty in the Middle East. In addition, the Committee noted that H.R. 3821 ls an au 9. Possible totaL ______9,753 10,304 NoTE.-Figures in millions. thorization bill only and does not provide 10. Target ------9,906 10,560 a. Explanation o! Difference From Target actual spending. Accordingly, the Budget (line 8. above). The bill totals are below Committee support o! this waiver did not in 11. Over ------the Subcommittee target.s by $159 million dicate that there wlll necessarily be room to 12. Under ------153 256 in budget authority and $149 million in accommodate appropriations pursuant to outlays. The Subcommittee target assumed this authorization under the fiscal year NoTE.-Figures in millions. a higher Federal payment to the District 1979 budget ceilings. a. Explanation of Difference From Target than the amount contained in this bill. 4. H.R. 2444, the Department of Educa· (line 12 above). The reported bill makes re b. Amounts Assumed in Budget Resolu tlon Organization Act, scheduled for con ductions in a large number of appropriation tion But Not Yet Considered (llne 3. above). sideration Tuesday and Wednesday. accounts, most relatively small ln dollar None. Various provisions o! the bill would appear 17668 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 to provide new contract authority. Since issue etrective for Fiscal Year 1980, thereby He ought to go to Belgium, France and other these sections fail to limit the availability curing the existing Budget Act violations, VAT-stricken places to see for himself how of such authority, the bill would be subject technical waivers of sections 402 (a) and 401 VAT raises prices, creates in:flation and an to points of order under section 401 (a) of (b) {l) of the Budget Act were supported. army of lawbreakers in the same way as Pro the Budget Act. Also, technical waivers of sections 401 (a) hibition in our country did and the easily In addition, certain provisions of the bill and 402(a) were supported with respect to avoided 8 per cent New York City sales tax would provide new entitlements. Since these consideration by the House of S. 230, a Sen does now. could become effective before October l, ate-passed companion bill, for the purpose of LESS REVENUE 1979, the bill would be subject to points of striking everything after the enacting clause Everywhere VAT is in effect, it produces order under section 40l(b) (1) of the and inserting in lieu thereof, as an amend Budget Act. far less revenue than anticipated. Prime ment, the text of H.R. 3633. Minister Maggie Thatcher of Great Britain, Further, various provisions of the bill Wendell Belew, Chief Counsel's Office, whose Conservative government has made would authorize appropriations. Since these phone: 225-7233.e some wise moves toward restoring free enter would become effective upon enactment, and prise there, will find out she is making a big since the bill was not reported on or before mistake in sponsoring a new 15 per cent VAT. May 15, 1978, the bill would be subject to In Italy today, the steel, electronic, leather points of order under section 402 (a) of the and clothing industries a.re mainly conducted Budget Act. ALICE WIDENER VIEWS ON THE DOLLAR AND GOLD in the "other" economy and are so profitable, However, since the Committee on Govern productive and internationally competitive ment Operations agreed to offer :floor amend ments ma.king all contra.ct authority provided that Italy is enjoying a new economic mir in the bill subject to the appropriations HON. RON PAUL acle. "There is an enormous difference be OF TEXAS tween the official reports on the French and process, and providing that the bill shall not Italian economies and their actual prosper become effective before October 1, 1979, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ous situation," says a top foreign currency thereby curing the existing Budget Act vio Monday, July 9, 1979 lations, technical waivers of sections 401 (a) and trade expert in New York City. "Our firm 40l(b) (1) and 402(a) were supported. ' • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, we hear a lot has been puzzling over this for the last 18 months. We have come to realize there are Also, technical waivers of sections 401 (b) of talk about the "underground" or "sub now two economies in industrialized na (1) and 402(a) were supported with respect terranean" economy. tions: The official one and the 'other' one." to consideration by the House of s. 210, a Columnist Alice Widener calls it the Alexander Lamfalussy, economic adviser to Senwte-passed companion bill, for the pur "other" economy-this economy created pose of striking everything after the enact the Bank for International Settlements in ing clause and inserting in lieu thereof, as by high taxes and entangling regulations Basel, Switzerland, told Le Soir in Brussels, an amendment, the text of H .R. 2444. and increasing infiation. capital of the Common Market, that tradi 5. H.R. 4057, the Food Stamp Act Amend Recently she wrote an interesting ar tional banking and the international mone ments . of 1979, scheduled for consideration ticle about it, and I would like to call it tary system have been "atomized" by govern Wednesday. to my colleagues' attention. ments' debasing of their national currencies and consequent in:flation. Section 1 of the bill would authorize the The article follows: LOST PEACE enactment of additional new budget author PAPER DOLLAR BUYS LESS-GOLD BUYS MORE ity for Fiscal Year 1979. Since the blll was not (By Alice Widener) "We won the war but lost the peace," said reported on or before May 15, 1978, it would Winston Churchill a couple of years after be subject to a point of order under section iNEw YORK CITY.-A worldwide economic 1945. Today, the United States government 402 (a) of the Budget Aot. revolution is ta.king place in advanced na won its war against gold as a mandatory re A poll of members of the Budget Commit tions. It is creating the "other" economy, straint on its paper money printing press but tee showed that a majority supported a one outside governmental and banking con lost the great American economy. Today the waiver of section 402(a) based primarily trol. Its growth is stupendous, currently esti paper dollar buys less and less while gold mated be between $200 and $400 billion upon the fact that if the existing authority to coins buy more and more. were not expanded and the current authori annually in our country. There are two visible American symptoms Gold coins-untraceable real money (in zation cap maintained, the Department of contrast to gold ingots which are mostly Agriculture would have to terminate bene of the "other" economy: 1) Proposition 13 in California, and 2) the increasing number traceable and cumbersome) are the real fits this September to 97 percent of the en measure of the "other" economy, the anti tire caseload nationwide, including 99 per of very large American corporations buying back their own stock to "go private." A com welfare state economy in which millions of cent of the elderly now participating in the people are demanding cash for their work in program. Jn addition, in support of its aCJtion pany gone private no longer is harassed by SEC bureaucrats and troublemaking minor stead of paychecks punctured full of holes the Committee cited the fa.ct that the House by government withholding and taxation. In has voted, in considering the First Budget ity stockholders instigated by anticapitalist radicals such as Ralph Nader; it is respon 1980, U.S. gold medallions and Canadian $50 Resolution for Fiscal Year 1980, to provide face value gold coins at free market price will funding for a supplemental food stamo pro sible to its private owners and Internal Rev enue. become additional measures of the "other" gram appropriation in Fiscal Year 1979. It economy in the North American continent. should also be noted that H.R . 4057 is an au On a worldwide basis, the "other" econ omy is conducted by millions of intelligent, The "other" economy in which millions of thorization bill only and does not provide intelligent people of all classes "go private" any actual spending. Accol'dingly, the Budget ambitious, energetic, skilled and competent people refu~ing to have a huge part of their is not a movement of dishonest lawbreakers; Committee support of this waiver did not it is a social and economic revolution mark indicate thrut there will necessarily be room earnings confiscated by government for sup port of the welfare state. These millions of ing the death of Marxism and the socialist to accommodate appropriations pursuant to welfare state. Before that death occurs, there this authorization under the Fiscal Year 1979 workers and managers are willing to support vitally necessary government activities (m111- probably wm be great social and political budget ceilings. convulsions. But the death is certain and 6. H.R. 3633, the Nurses Trainin~ Amend tary and police forces, fire fighters, epidemic control, etc.) but are unwilling to pay labor will rescue mankind from enslavement by the ments of 1979, scheduled for consideration State.e Friday. union dues, social security, workmen's com pensation, medical and unemployment in Sections 303-307 and 314 of the blll would surance, pension fund contributions, etc. indirectly authorize the enactment of new budget authority to support various activi FRENCHMEN ties under the Public Health Service Act. The current issue for the top French news RECOGNITION OF MR. LOYD Since these sections would become effective magazine Le Point reports there a.re six mil WATKINS upon enactment. and since the biU was not lion Frenchmen between the ages of 25 and reported on or before May 15, 1978, the bill 50 wanting to go private. They want to own would be subject to points Of order under and run their own private free enterprises. HON. TOM BEVILL section 402 (a) of the Budget Act. Millions of intelligent people in advanced OF ALABAMA In addition, since section 313 of the bill countries are now unwilling to become IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would provide new entitlement authority in stultified cubbyhole bureaucrats, employes the form of severance pay for certain officers of nationalized industries or laborers in VAT Monday, July 9, 1979 of the Reserve Corps of the Service, and since taxed big manufacturing industries stran gled by labor union dictatorship. The VAT • Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, I want to this provision could become effective before take opportunity to publicly recog October 1, 1979, the bill would also be sub is a national sales tax imposed from initia this ject to a point of order under section 401 tion to finished product on everything the nize Mr. Loyd Watkins, who resides in (b) ( 1) of the Budget Act. consumer needs and wants. Cherokee County, a part of Alabama's However, since the Committee on Inter Sen. Russell Long of Louisiana. 1s urging Fourth Congressional District which I state and Foreign Commerce agreed to otrer a our country to adopt a VAT (value added am privileged to represent in this House. ftoor amendment ma.king the provisions a.t tax) as an alleged means of fighting inflation. Mr. Watkins' heroic acts have pre- July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17669 We need to be closer to where the action is five major plants and operating facilities in vented a store burglary and have re going to be in the future. Texas, plus extensive oil and gas and lignite sulted in the saving of two lives. leaseholds in Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, On December 2, 1977, he played a This episode raises a warning to all of Wyoming, other Western states and the Gull major role in preventing a burglary at us in our region; we must create our own of Mexico. a convenience store in Blanche, Ala. His "action," our own sense of excitement The company move comes a.s a blow to actions resulted in the thwarting of the about the cities in which we live, if our Cleveland, which already is suffering from a. great urban centers are going to compete battered image. The city is in default on $14 burglary attempt and obviously saved million of notes held by local banks; its the store owner thousands of dollars in for jobs in the national marketplace. At present, it appears as if Cleveland schools are barely making ends meet; and merchandise. there's strong enmity between the mayor and In early 1978, Mr. Watkins' quick ac has not succeeded in maintaining the both the city council and the business com tion saved the life of a person involved confidence of its business community, munity. in an automobile accident. Mr. Watkins and its public image has made recruit One observer in the business community was successful in removing the accident ment on the part of its businesses diffi sp~ulated that Diamond Shamrock's an victim from underneath a car, thereby cult. nouncement may have ripple effects. He said I share this article not to poke fun at some businesses have stayed in Cleveland just saving his life. Cleveland; theirs is a serious crisis, and to avoid being the first one to move in the In the summer of 1978, Mr. Watkins I hope the city leadership can turn things midst of the city's financial and pol1t1ca.l prevented a potential drowning when he around. I urge my colleagues to read this troubles.e rescued a friend from deep water and article to gain understanding about the carried him to a hospital for treatment. processes involved in industrial and com Mr. Watkins' dramatic actions have mercial location, and to take note for RHODESIA-THE ASCENT TO rightfully won him the respect and their own communities. MAJORITY RULE gratitude of his community. The article follows: These heroic deeds are a credit to his (From the Wall Street Journal, May 30, 1979) character and are most certainly worthy DIAMOND SHAMROCK LEAVING CLEVELAND FOR HON. JIM MATTOX of public recognition. THE SoUTHWEST-FmM SAYS ANTmUSINESS OF TEXAS I want to join in recognizing MOOD CoNTRmUTED TO ITS DECISION To MOVE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and saluting Loyd Watkins for his OFFICES TO DALLAS Monday, July 9, 1979 magnanimous efforts under extreme CLEVELAND, OHIO.-Dia.mond Shamrock circumstances.• Corp. said it will begin moving its corporate •Mr. MATTOX. Mr. Speaker, the re headquarters to Dallas from Cleveland in cent elections in Rhodesia signify a August to be near its expanding operations breakthrough in that country's oppres in the Southwest. sive history. For the first time, the ma PLIGHT OF CLEVELAND IS WARN "We need to be closer to where the action jority black population was given the ING TO US ALL is going to be in the future," William H. chance to cast their ballots in the hopes Bricker, president a.nd chief executive officer, of developing a more representative said at a. news conference. government. The elections constitute a But the relocation decision wasn't based HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR purely on logistics. "The political, economic great step forward, both in actuality OF PENNSYLVANIA and educational climate in Cleveland, and and symbolically. At the same time, a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES particularly the a.ntibusiness attitude on the majority of my colleagues and I felt the part of our city administration, was also need to proceed with care on lifting the Monday, July 9, 1979 something we couldn't ignore," Mr. Bricker economic sanctions against Rhodesia. •Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, as chairman said. "In recent months, several potentta.l While all of us are aware of the good of the Northeast-Midwest Congressional key employes decided age.inst joining us," and bad points surrounding the elec Coalition, I have spent a great deal of primarily because of Cleveland's negative tions, I would like to make some com image. time looking at Federal programs and Mr. Bricker said 30 to 40 top corporate offi ments that I hope will service both how they affect the 18 States in the cers and staff professions will move to Dallas oppanents and proponents of maintain Northeast-Midwest region. initially, and by next summer, they will be ing sanctions against Rhodesia. I believe There are many distressed urban and joined by an additional 100 people from the we all want to see Rhodesia operate as a distressed rural areas in this region, headquarters sta.1f. full-fledged democracy, and I am giving areas which are losing jobs and tax bases After those moves, Diamond Shamrock will the following thoughts with that in with which to support ever-increasing have about 1,000 employes in downtown mind. Cleveland and 800 in nearby Lake County, Elections. in and of themselves, do not social service demands. I believe that but the company indicated that some of much improvement is needed in several those workers also will be leaving Ohio. make a democracy. At one level, they are domestic assistance programs in order "Studies a.re under way which may lead to a structural companent enabling citi to eliminate inequities that are having industrial chemicals and plastics unit and zens and political parties to participate a negative impact on our region. For in other staff and service groups moving to the in the formation of a government. But, stance, the 18 States in our region com Southwest in the next two to three years," the electoral process in a democracy is prise 47 percent of the Nation's popula Mr. Bricker stated. Within a few years, there something much more. The conduct of tion but receive only 9 percent of each probably will be very few employes left in its elections must demonstrate that year's military construction budget; on downtown Cleveland, he said. freedom and equality exist to product a The international and diversified technol the average. We receive about the same ogy unit is scheduled to move from Cleve government which has the consent of a percentage of each year's water resources land next year to a new building a.t Diamond majority of its citizens. Moreover, it budget. Shamrock's research center in Concorn Town must be the intent of such elections to Despite the fact that much remains to ship in Lake County. operate that way. Without these two be done on the Federal level, we must La.st year, Diamond Shamrock said it essential ingredients, the electoral proc never lose sight of the fact that local f ac planned to move top corporate offices to con ess becomes a mere mask, overtly seem tors play a key role in determining the cord Township, 30 mlles ea.st of Cleveland. ing to move in the direction of majority economic health of any local area. The But Mr. Bricker said Concord didn't turn out rule, but in reality, extending the mi to be any more receptive to business than Federal Government cannot solve all of downtown Cleveland. "It's kind of nice once nority's blanket of power. the problems that are leading to the eco in a while not to be looked upon a.s a two With this description in mind, the nomic decline of some parts of the coun hea.ded monster," he said. elections in Rhodesia fall somewhere try. Two years ago Diamond Shamrock studied between the skeleton and flesh of demo Recently, Thacher Longstreth, execu the possibility of moving its headquarters cratic rule. Competition among the gov tive vice president of the greater Phila but decided to stay in the Cleveland area.. "It erning and oppasing parties was severely delphia Chamber of Commerce, sent me was a bad decision to stay," Mr. Bricker con restrained. That alone is a major factor ceded. "During that period, we have con the following article on the decision of tinued to have to oversubsldlze employes to distinguishing the skeletal from the the Diamond Shamrock Corp., to leave get them to come" to Cleveland. working definition of a democracy. But, Cleveland and establish its headquarters The chief executive said that the company's for a country that is just beginning its in Dallas. Tex. The president of the firm growth during the past decade makes the ascent to majority rule from oppressive said. Dallas move very logical. The company has minority control, we cannot deny that CXXV--1112-Part 1'4 17670 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 progress has been made. There is a versy, and to advance the public interest racy with new ideas, approaches, and con necessity to be just as critical about the before agency self-interest. cepts. good points as the bad. It is in this con Careful and objective appraisal and criti NACOA, now in its eighth year, is cism of agency performance. In theory, the text where the actions of our Govern striving to renew its internal vigor and advisory group becomes sumclently independ ment become important to insure con its external utility and indeed these at ent of agencies to allow them to report with tinuation of progress in Rhodesia. tributes have been subjected to sharp detachment and yet be close enough to en Rhodesia has its own history and criticism. This condition with which able their reports to be comprehensive. characteristics; a peaceful and consen NACOA is struggling is largely symp Generating support. Administrators will sual government can only emanate with tomatic of Federal advisory groups. tend to view advisory groups as devices for those factors in mind. The most etfec generating support for their agencies and as While, on the one hand, we seek sources shields from e ternal critics, especially the tive way for us to help Rhodesia is to of outside objective advise, on the other recall the making of our democratic Congress. This does not imply cynicism on hand, we confound the situation by the part of bureaucrats as much as it reflects government. Full political participation structuring the advisory mechanism in the realities of the competitive struggle for was not an overnight occurrence. We a way which inevitably allows it to be administrative survival.' have come a long way, and now Rho co-opted by the very Federal agencies Reflecting the dominant values of the pre desia must carve its own path in achiev it is expected to evaluate and assess. va1ling elites. Rather than generating new ing· majority rule. If we follow and This is especially true when the day-to ideas or helpful critiques for the agency, ad.;. transmit that principle to Rhodesians, visory groups may be more likely to reflect day functioning of the advisory group the dominant values of the prevamng elites they. in tum, will look to us in a and its stat! is dependent on the admin more trustworthy and straightforward in each policy sphere. They are expected to istrative largesse of a particular Federal manner. "legitimate" the already established prefer agency. ence of the federal policy makers and their Finally, I feel it is important to realize special professional publics. Hence, advisory the wider implications that are present The question is whether these rela tionships of mutual dependence between activities wlll tend to reinforce current poli in light of the elections in Rhodesia. The cies in that on the one hand they wlll lead success of other Third World countries advisory groups and the Federal agen to the expansion of programs that benefit developing their respective governments cies are consistent with the Congress incumbent elites and on the other hand they in a more representative fashion de expectations of unconstrained advice. I wm assist in the dismantling of programs pends, in part, on the progress made believe it is important that we under that might compete with or inhibit the top ' within Rhodesia. Successful democratic stand the relationships which can de leadership of their clientele. velop between advisory groups and Besides "advising", there are yet more rule in Rhodesia is important not only subtle reasons for creating an advisory for Rhodesians, but for all people in Federal agencies and how these rela tionships may influence the information group. Consider the senior, politically-ap southern Africa. Therefore, we must pointed administrator-there he sits, over proceed with the hope that etfective communicated to the Congress. worked and making the best of a bad situ majority rule in Rhodesia will act as a With that in mind, I would like to ation, while all around him his "princes" catalyst for other Third World countries share with my colleagues a monograph and "serfs" are doing and undoing the work in the promotion and advancement of which was prepared by an associate of of his administration without him having a democratic rule. mine, Stewart B. Nelson. clue. By creating an advisory group, the om The article follows: clal acquires access into the functioning and productivity of his agency. This perceived THE THEORY AND BEHAVIOR OF FEDERAL insight, provided by "outside experts", must .ADVISORY GROUPS be tempered by the realization that any ad THE THEORY AND BEHAVIOR OF (By Stewart B. Nelson) visory group which ls totally dependent upon FEDERAL ADVISORY GRO~S a single executive for its own survival may INTRODUCTION be highly reluctant to tell him any unpleas It was Ma.chlavell1 who long ago enunci ant truths.6 HON. BILL ALEXANDER ated the principle "A wise Prince, then, seeks . Additionally, an advisory group may be advise continually, but when it suits him and OF ARKANSAS established as a surrogate for action since it not when it suits somebody else".1 Yet the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S produces a kind of structural grandeur. It Apostle, James, asked "Who is a wise man and implies that somebody has taken charge of Monday, July 9, 1979 endued with knowledge among you? Let him shew out of a good conversation his works a problem and perhaps things wlll work out. •Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, re This ls the way of governments; advisory with meekness of wisdom." (James 4:13) committees have their own laws of inertia cently I met with the Presidentially ap Be that wise Prince the President, cablnet and there exists no satisfactory mechanism pointed National Advisory Committee level Secretary or departmental head, the use for insuring their productivity or their ac on Oceans and Atmosphere Zaragoza, Compton; Unidentified female, Los tion", Government and Opposition, Vol. 8, Prichard; Henry Wilhoite, Montgomery; Angeles, 5/6/79; unidentified female, Los Summer 1973, pp. 332-353. Otts Williams, Prichard; Glen Wilson, Tusca Angeles, 5/9/79; unidentified male, Arlanza; u Perhaps the vain search !or "objectivity" loosa; Unidentified female, Birmingham; unidentified male, Arvin; unidentified male, should be discarded and replaced with an Unidentified female, Hueytown. Fresno; unidentified male, Industry; uniden honest avowal of the interests being served. ALASKA (3) tified ma.le, Long Bea.ch; unidentified male, The sanctimonious assertion of an undefin Mendocino County; unidentified male, Pasa able "public interest" can give way to a de William Berry, Fairbanks; Jan Tedesco, Fairbanks; and Charlie Walton, Fairbanks. dena; unidentified male, San Diego; uniden finable fairness doctrine which sets forth the tified male, San Fernando; unidentified male, conditions of the advisory reports, the finan ARIZONA (8) Santa.Rosa. cial resources, and the agency and program Olivia Armendariz, Guadalupe; Elmo COLORADO (16 l controls. See Harold Orlans, "Neutrality and Bates, Tucson; Francis Beveridge, Yuma; James Ba.relay, Lakewood; Ph111p Buck Advocacy in Policy Research", Policy Sci Cheyenne Freeman, Tucson; Williard Har man, Denver; Aubrey Carr, Thornton; Allen ences, Vol. 6, June 1975, pp. 107-119. ney, Prescott; Clinton McJunkln, Cave Creek; Cox, Fort Morgan; Benjamin Goldstein, Den u Statement of Dr. Thomas Cronin, Re Marian McJunkin, Cave Creek; Brian ver; Barbara Gonser, Craig; Barnette Ham search Associate, Brookings Institute, Presi Thomas, Tucson. rick, Denver; Joyce Lewis, Denver; Donna dential Advisory Committeu. ARKANSAS (14) Maestas, Denver; John Monath, Lakewood; H Irving L. Janis, Victims of Groupthink Larry Black, Blytheville; Dale Brown, Con Merwyn Nadeau, Denver; Larry Swanson, (Boston: Houghton Mifilin Co., 1972 Denver; David Valdez, Pueblo; Terry Wall, 1s Herbert A. Simon, Administrative Be- way; Eunice Brown, Conway; Jean Bussey, El Dordo; Tony Caldwell, Stuttgart; Robert Thornton; Evelyn Wilkinson, Boulder; uni havior (New York: The Free Press, 1976) dentified male, Boulder. 111Ibid Firth, Texarkana.; Bobby Lynn Larkin, Little Rock; Layne McCormick, Keota; Ronald CONNECTICUT ( 1) 17 Ibid 18 B. Wtlpert, P. Burger, J. Doktor and R. McPherson, Grady; James Montgomery Jr., Ruth Yarborough, Stamford. Wrightsville; Fred Morris, Nashv1lle; Sherlne Doktor, "The Risky Shift in Policy Decision DELAWARE (2) Ma.king: A Comparative Analysis", Policy Morrison, Bentonville; Melvin Stark, Ben tonv1lle; Charlotte Tyler, Little Rock. Clara Lambertson, Dover and Gilbert Lam Sciences, Vol. 7, Sept. 1976, pp 365-370 bertson, Dover. lDFrederick c. Mosher, ed., American Pub CALIFORNIA (102) lic Administration: Past, Present, Future Stephen Acosta, Oxnard; Chester Alby, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (8) (University, AL: Univ. of Alabama. Press, Orangevale; Joe Aguirre, Los Angeles; Fred Virginia Bolt, Ocia Chamberlain, Terry 1975) Armijo, Torrance; Manuel Avalos, Stockton; Gray, Azalee Surles, Chester Thomas, Benorals 20Ibid Richard Barnett Jr., Marina Del Rey; Tony Webster, unidentified male. 21 "The Benefits o! Doing Your Own Con Bishop, Los Angeles; Joseph Canete, Stock FLORIDA (24) sulting", Business Week, 16 May 1977, pp ton; Eliza.beth Cannon, Rosevme; Juan Gerardo Araque, Miami; Rene Blanc, Mi 62~6 Cantu, Bakersfield; Ignatius Castello, Cuper ami; Francisco Bruno, Miami; Teodoro Ca 2:i Richard L. Chapman and Frederick N. tino; Frank Chagolla, Riverside; Peter Cleaveland, "The Changing Character of the ceres, Miami; David Cain, Wimauma; Michael Chagolla, Riverside. Cartier, Miami; William Cook, Miami; Hans Public Service and the Administrator in the Tommy Chagolla, Riverside; Charles Clif 1980's," Public Administration Review, Vol. Fischer, Palm Bea.ch; James J. Garofola, Fort ford, Kelseyville; Joanne Cotsen, Beverly Lauderdale; Frank Guzman, Dania; Jesus 33, July-Aug. 1973, pp. 358--366.e Hllis; Dana Davidson, Hollywood; Thomas Davis, San Diego; Chris Doering, Beverly Hernandez, Mia.mi; Boysie Jones Jr., Bartow. H1lls; Carlos Dy, Chula Vista; Niles Endsley, Joseph Kawszewich, Titusvllle; John Lewis, South Lake Tahoe; Glenn Fitts, Bakersfield; Boca Raton; Margaret McCormick, Lake HANDGUN VIOLENCE CLAIMS 630 Archie Flath, La Miranda; Audrey Flath, La Wales; Shelby McQueen, Miami; Carlos Mu niz, Miami; Jorge Ocampo, Key Biscayne; LIVES IN MAY Miranda; Dennis Frakes, Manhattan Bea.ch; Doris Freeman, Manteca; Tony Ga.Ivan, Pico Oscar Pana.gos, Miami; Albert Perez, Miami; Rivera; Holly Ganlr, Angwin; Roberto Lucy Sexton, Vero Bea.ch; Vincente Vidal, HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Gomez, San ta Ana. Key Biscayne; Deborah Von Spreckelsen, Wl Scott Gordon, Fresno; Sherlyn Grant, mauma.; William Zenni, Miami. OF. MASSACHUSETTS Compton; John Gray, San Jose; Modesto GEORGIA ( 17 l IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Guerrero, Stockton; Allen Harris, San Jon Emerson, Tifton; James Forbus, Frank Monday, July 9, 1979 Rafael; Harley Harty, Bakersfield; Mayreh ltn; Linda. Galreath, Mableton; C.R. Jordan, Harty, Bakersfield; Richard Hecht, Santa Alken; Alex Kiehl, Atlanta; Theodore Mann, • Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, the tragic Monica; Polly Hockstaff, Salinas; Robert Macon; Rufus Mathis, Atlanta; William abuse of handguns in the United States Holllster, Yreka; Roslland Holl1ster, Yreka; Moon, Dekalb County; Gary Mullins, Cal demands a strong, immediate response Robert Hughes, Edgemont; Colin Jacobs, San houn; Ernest Rahn, Savannah; Rev. Gordon Diego; Suzanne Jacobs, San Diego. from the Congress. The latest monthly Roole, Atlanta; Donald Rosser, Grantv1lle; Dari Jay Jr., Watsonv1lle; Ronald John Thomas Rowry, Union Point; Jolene Simon, bulletin released by Handgun Control, ston, Sun Valley; Steve Johnson, San Diego; Inc., lists 630 media-reported, handgun Atlanta.; Mary Smuck, Perry; Garrlt Vanlee Wallace Johnson, San Francisco; Jean Jones uwen, Mableton; Angela Wilson, Atlanta. related deaths during May, and a stag Jr., Pittsburg; Vanessa Jones, San Mateo; gering total of 3,105 handgun fatalities Lawrence Krebs, Canby; Ethel Laidler, Holly HAWAII (1) since January 1, 1979. wood; John Landon, Long Beach; Ramon Amos Blythers, Honolulu. Licon, Sanger; Gary LUly, Marina Del Rey; IDAHO (2) These compelling statistics represent Alberto Maris, Compton. the multitude of individual tragedies re Karen Beattie, Post Falls and unidentified Matt Marquez, Baldwin Park; Letitia male, Twin Falls. sulting from handgun misuse every day. Marshall, North Highlands; Jewell McKenzie, In May, for instance, a 4-year-old child Gualala; Wilbur McKenzie, Gualala; James ILLINOIS ( 19 l was shot to death by his 9-year-old McW1111ams, San Bernardino; Teddy Nichol Roy Arias, Chicago; John Borselllno, Wlll cousin who thought the gun was a water son, Montrose; Mr. Nolen, Bakersfield; County; William Campbell, Granite City; pistol. Mivhael Overland, Santa. Monica; William Lawrence Corwin, Chicago; Richard COta, Ar Pabst, Santa Barbara.; Gregory Panllbuton, lington Hts.; Adrian Covarrubias, Chicago; A number of handgun control bills San Francisco; Michael Peek, Oros!; James Anthony Filpi, Chica.go; Carl Galmarl, Bar have been introduced in the 96th Con Perkins, San Diego; Timothy Pierce, Liver rington H1lls; Daniel Hayes, O'Fallon; Donald gress, with more bills expected to be in- more; Joseph Provenza.no, Portola Valley; Irvin, Chicago; Shirley Keeve, Chicago; Mau troduced shortly. I urge my colleagues Harold Poole, Livermore; Leondia Quinagon, rice Jackson, Chicago; Claudette Kelly, Chi Chula Vista. cago; Joseph Palumbo, Chica.go Hts.; Ameco to seriously study these urgently needed Perez, Chicago; Victor Segeral, Chicago; WU proposals. The Handgun Control, Inc., John Redma.yne-Tltley, Fallbrook; Michael lla.m Tlgnec, Chicago; Luz Valazquez, Chi list follows: Rhodes, Compton; Jose Rodriquez, Sacra cago; Michael W1lllams, Chicago. mento; Blondena Sargent, Livermore; Rich ROLL OF HANDGUN DEAD ard Sargent, Livermore; W111ie Slepert, Ingle INDIANA (9) ALABAMA (20) wood; Matthew Slmunovlck, Orcutt; Ruby Jacquellne Caln, Martinsville; Charles Cornell Bruce, Birmingham; Forrest Stubblefield, Stockton; Mike Staubbs, Ingle Caldwell, Hammond; Catheryn Dunphy, Ed Flambo, East Gadsden; David Gllland, wood; Boons.rd Tangsombatv1s1t, Oakland; wardsburg; John Dunphy, Edwardsburg; July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17673 Ernest Green, Merrillville; Peter Kebel, In NEBRASKA ( 1) TENNESSEE (30) dianapolis; Richard Myles, Gary; Joseph R. B. Hyland, Hemingford. Albert Adams, Johnson City; Helen Bible, Palumbo, Calumet City; Unidentified female, NEVADA (7) Morristown; Dennis Bradford, Memphis; Robert Bronson, Manchester; Timothy Crass, Bluffton. Gayle Bangan, Las Vegas; Tony Bangan, IOWA (4) Las Vegas; Edward Pavon, Reno; Patsy Wat Oak Ridge; William Farr, Memphis, James Michael Flynn, Keota; Donald Green, Des son, Las Vegas; Debra Weimerskircz, Las Ferguson, Memphis; Eflin Floyd, Memphis; Moines; John Steffens, Des Moines; Mark Vegas; John Weimerskircz, Las Vegas; and Arlene Grezory, Nashville; James Hinton Waters, Atlantic. Rance Blevens, Las Vegas. Nashville; Bessie Holman, Livingston; Gen~ Holman, Livingston; David Hudgel, Memphis; KANSAS (8) NEW HAMPSHIRE (4) Jonathan Irons, Memphis; Eugene Lackland James Henderson, Kansas City; Ronald Joseph Furando, Kensington; Jane Linsley, Jr., Memphis. ' Johnson, Wichita; Darrell Johnston, Atchi Littleton; Peter Linsley, Littleton; and Rev. James McFerrin, Nashville; Julius Moul son; Edwain Lagerman Jr., Salina; Joe Lin Joseph Sands, Littleton. trie, Chattanooga; Lee Pergues, Memphis; der, Atchison; Byron Tate, Dwight; Henry NEW JERSEY ( 9) George Porter Jr., Memphis; Leslie Porter, Tickle, Dearing. Nell Conklin, Newark; Marion Gibson, Jr., Memphis; Jack Roberson, Memphis; Teresa KENTUCKY (10) Newark; Janet Hackett, Egg Harbor; Jerry Spencer, Memphis; Jimmie Ward, Memphis; John Carter, Lexington; Harold cornett, Johnson, Woodbury, Anthony Jones, Mill Leon Watson, Memphis; Benjamin Wilson, Beattylville; Harold Cummins, Lexington; ville; Anna Rodziewicz, South River; Jeffrey Nashville; Raymond Wise, Memphis; Ray William Greenlee, Hopkinsville; Buford Shaffer, Atlantic City, Juan Vasquez, Passaic; mond Wise Jr., Memphis; Velma Wise, Mem Hackney, Mouthcard; Burton Jones, Hazark; and Unidentified Female, Atlantic City. phis; James Woodson, Columbia; Uniden Wlllie Olive, Louisville; Merton Smith, NEW MEXICO (5) tified Male, Memphis. Orange Grove; Billy Wilson, Brownsville; Florence Luna, Albuquerque; Michael Ma TEXAS (104) Douglas Wilson, LoUisvllle. honey, Cannon AFB; Wilfred Salazar, Gongorio Albarado, Houston; Esequlel Al LOUISIANA (30) Espanola; Olivia Trujillo, Albuquerque; and cantar, Weslaco; Clara Allen, Denison; John Percy Anderson, New Orleans; Joy Arnold, Jerry Trujillo, Albuquerque. Anderson, Houston; Donna Baker, San An Bayou Sorrel; Houston Carter, Jr., Baton NEW YORK (14) tonio; Edwin Barge, Dallas; Jerry Beard, Rouge; Mary Lee Carter, Baton Rouge; Willie Houston; Steve Bessett, Houston; Via.a Blay Castme, Jr., Opelousas; Myrtle Champagne, Anton Eden, Greenwich Village, Charles lock Jr., Dallas; Jerry Blythe, Fort Worth; Houma; Donald Dixon, Shreveport; Johnny Frankel, Bedford Hills; Helen Frankel, Bed ford Hills; Diane Johnson, New York City; Catarino Botello, San Antonio. Fitzmorris, Sun; Willie East, Springville; Gerald Brown, Houston; Roberto Cadena, Mary Flemings, Bl.ton Rouge; Geraldine Edward Kimball, Ballston Lake; Joseph Manri, Brooklyn; Nettie McCormack, Bedford Odessa; Armanda Calderlon, El Paso; Joe Ford, New Orleans; Nonie Freeman, Shreve Cavazos, Austin; Sue Churchlll, College Sta port; Kevin Galatas, New Orleans; Roy Haw Hills; Robert McMahon, Brooklyn; Andrew Medosa, Brooklyu; Ronald Neal, Brooklyn; tion; Richard Coby, Pleasant Grove; Mrs. kins, Baton Rouge; Richard Heidel, New Coby, Pleasant Grove ; Alex Comeaux, Orleans. Oscar Rompolla, Brooklyn; Robert Soldo, Queens; Christopher Sperry, Bedford Hills; Orange; Randall Cottengame, Balch Springs; Ronnie Jackson, Mounds; James Marx, Mary Ellen Williams, Cheektowaga. Javier Cuellar, Pharr; Mona Daniel, Lub Bogalusa; Rudolph Millison, New Orle::i.ns; bock; Riley Davis, Mesquite; Tony Diaz, Jr.. C. A. Mitchell, Shreveport; George Morris, NORTH CAROLINA (14) San Antonio; Sterling Dotson, Houston; Mi New Orleans; Felix Naquin, Houma; Monica Anthony Dillard, Eden; Charles Frye, chelle Ducre, Houston. Raleigh; Phillip Frye, Raleigh; Suzanne Frye, Parkman, New Orleans; Kattie Raley, Baton Lee Ann Erwin, Austin; Fred Fowler, Beau Rouge; Jose Santiago, New Orleans; Alan Raleigh; Roy Huskey, Gilkey; Willie Jack son, Charlotte; Tony Kennedy, Charlotte; mont; Jeanne French, Garland; Raul Garcia. Sol.rabin, New Orleans; Bernell Simmons, San Antonio; Edward Garza, Houston; Her Varnado; Onitha Simmons, Varnado; Mary Alicia Long, Burlington; Ralph Long, Bur lington; Owen Messersmith, Gilkey; Harold ron Goodwin, Houston; Thomas Gua1ardo. Jane Tate, New Orleans; Raymond Triche, San Antonio; Felix Guerrero, Randall Coun Houma; Herbert Walton, New Orleans. Michaels, Newton; Carl Newman, Fayette ville; Robert Peterson, Gilkey. ty; Margaret Hall, Denison; Justin Ham MARYLAND ( 13) mond, Flour Bluff; John Hampton, Baytown; Ronnie Boone, Baltimore; Phyllls Coul OHIO (22) Leonard Harris, Grand Saline; Robert Her bourne, Salisbury; Peggy Fowler, Oxon Hill; Melvin Allen, Cleveland; Wayne Brock, nandez, Abilene; Wllliam Hlll, Victoria: Edward Herr, Aberdeen; Leonard Hyatt, Cincinnati; Fern Callahan, Cleveland·; James Homer Hooks, Baytown. · Baltimore; Lula Johnson, Silver Spring; Carrico, Hilliard; Douglas Cochran, Zanes Ervin Hughes, Houston; James Jackson, Larry Jones, Baltimore; Ronald Jones, Balti ville; John Dennis, Columbus; Brett Fergu Houston; Linda Janiszewski, Houston; Ar more; James Lambert, Oxon Hill; John Loe son, Columbus; Charles Flores, Cleveland; thur Jiminez, Houston; Alene Johnson, Dal tell, Essex; Reginald McFadden, Baltimore; Gary Gates, Dayton; Bradly Hasson, White las; Carl Johnson, Fort Worth; Berdell Jones, Raymond Roberts, Baltimore; Ralph Wil\tins, hall; Melvin Henz, Cincinnati; Brenda Dallas; Ollie Jones, Muleshoe; Edward Keith, Baltimore. Maule, Hilliard; Earl Mungo, Columbus; Ma.son; Fred Linker, Dallas; Christopher Kevin Pack, Cleveland; Michael Patterson, MASSACHUSE'ITS ( 4) Lollar, Irving; Jose Martinez, Corpus Christi; Cleveland; Charles Ruse, Athens; Eugene Alfred Clmmonl, East Boston; Daniel Con Louis Martinez, Odessa; Mrs. Martinez, Odes Williams, Cleveland; unidentified male, sa; Robert Martinez, Lubbock. nolly, Boston; Gregory McDavid, Dorchester; Cleveland, 5/28/79; unidentified male, Frederic Vinal, Lowell. Cleveland, 5/29/79; unidentified male, Co Lonnie Mead, Perryton; Ben Messina, Port Arthur; Eddie Miles, Jr., Houston; Arthur MICHIGAN ( 7) lumbus. Miller, Houston; David Moore, Jr., Texar Richard Clark, Milan; Catherine Dunphy, OKLAHOMA (14) kana.; Salvador Ortiz, Houston; Steven Lacy Edwardsburg; John Dunphy, Edwardsburg; Terry Amous, Oklahoma City; Auttie Parrish, Lubbock; Maria Pesina, Corpus Eddie Jefferson, Detroit; Robert Leslie, De Brown, Boynton; Ramona Butler, Hollis; Christi; Michael Powell, Garland; Alex troit; Levander Powell, Detroit; Danny Rita Dunning, Oklahoma City; Robert Flem Quiroga, San Antonio; F. L. Rivers, Rich Turowski, Detroit. ing, Midwest City; Mark Gregg, Moore; Calla mond; Curtis Roach, Houston; Abraham MINNESOTA (6) Johnson, Frederick; Herschell Lewis, Clinton; Rodriguez, Houston; McKinley Rogers, Fort Joe Lott, Hobart; Robert Moore, Shawnee; Worth; John Rouse, Angleton. Christopher Borzick, St. Paul; Mike Cass Lee Morrow, Edmond; Matthew Thompson, man, Minneapolis; Alan Cloud, Red Lake; Wilburton; Brenda Wood, Ardmore; Larry Doris Rowland, Tenaha; Hermelinda Ruiz, Keith Dl.vis, Duluth; James Mohr, Nisswa: Wood, Ardmore. El Paso; Juan Ruiz, El Paso; Walter Sandoz, Barbara Smith, Shakopee. Houston; Eduardo Sepulveda, El Pa.so; Or OREGON (4) ville Shanks, Houston; Phillip Smith, Dallas; MISSISSIPPI ( 8) Faye Babbit, Prineville; Kim McVey, Gear Wlllie Blue, Clarksdale; Charles Ford, Sheri Smith, Belton; Henry Solonen, San hart; Leroy Story, Ashland; Mark Wallin, Antonio; Ray Stalblrd, McQueeny; Gary Aberdeen; Marjorie McCutchon, Waveland; Milwaulie. Bobby Roberts, Potts Camp, Merton Smith, Sterling, Lubbock; Gary Stone, Beaumont; PENNSYLVANIA (13) Barbara Stovall, La Porte; Scott Stovall. La Lyman, John Sullivan, Louisville; John Tal Joanne Carter, Pittsburgh; Robin Dosch, lie, Columbus; and Unidentified Male, Biloxi. Porte; Lanore Straublng, Dallas; Bruno Ta Lancaster; Willie Hammiel, Philadelphia; rango, Hutchin.son County. MISSOURI ( 10) Gary Hedesh, Frackvllle; Jae Kuk Hwang, Kenneth Taylor, Oak Cliff; Ida Thomas, Cassandra Allen, St. Louis; manda Allen, Philadelphia; Robert Jenks, Moon Towns.hip; Houston; Angel Valente, Juarez; Marla Var St. Louis; Larry Bernard, Dekalb County; Albert Lawery, North Versallles: Lonnie May gas, Dallas; Vicente Vasquez, Lamesa; Vi Llnvme Deckard, Springfield; Ernest Gam nard. Philadelphia; Alfredo Morales, Phila cente Vasquez, Jr., Lamesa; Jerry Walters, mons, Portagev1lle; Joe Hunter; Cardwell; delphia.; Howard Pinkston, Philadelphia; Beaumont; Dorothy Warden, Dallas; Tera. James Ma.ck, St. Louis; Larry Milon, Centre Diane Rice, Phlla.delphia.; Paul Winbush, Welch, Houston; E. J. Willia.InS, Houston; vllle Township; John Reams, Kansas City; Homewood; Unidentified Male, Ph1ladelph1a. Ernest Wlnifree, Liberty; Cecil Yeoman, Dal and James Steward, Jr., Blue Springs. SOUTH CAROLINA (4) las; Helen Yepez, League City; unidentified MONTANA (2) Walter Davis, Clinton; Marvin Hill, Spar ma.le, Dallas; unidentified ma.le, Houston; Richard Carleton, Columbus, and John tanburg; Clyde Jordan, Aiken; John Walker 5/14/79; unidentified ma.le, Houston, 5/24/79; Ferriell, Butte. Jr.. Greenvme. unidentified female, League City. 17674 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 VIRGINIA (22) National Institutes of Health. The grant the cause and prevention of Reye's syn Robert Brooks, Charles City; Rebecca Cald application will seek to focus Govern drome. well, Christiansburg; Mrs. Carroll, Charlottes ment attention on causes and treatment Dieckman, typically, insists that his three ville; Tommy Early, Vinton; Margaret Goeh of Reyes syndrome. year battle against Reye's would have come ring, Falls Church; Phillip Hall, Fairfax; Lin a cropper long a.go had it not been for the wood Heiskell, Chesterfield; Peter Jacobs, For the benefit and information of my help of two equally dedicated individuals: Ashland; Oliver Jones, Norfold; David Little, colleagues in the House. I would like to James Crawford, an FBI agent now living Hampton; John Lundmark, Fairfax. submit the following article which ap in Hingham, Mass., and Louis Pettine, a Michael McBride, Cranberry; Ritter Mc peared in the Detroit News, May 20, 1979, clothes designer who lives in Fall River, Glothin, Drill; Claude Meadows, Ringgold; written by Bill McCulloch, another dedi Mass. Still, it ls probably Dieckman's bull Percy Moore, Portsmouth; Bertha Perkins, cated to the fight against Reyes syn dog tenacity that has kept the battle going. Martinsvllle; Hobert Perkins, Martinsville; drome. "I'm really not a crusader," says the 50- Carroll Rowles, Nathalie; Joseph Smith, yea.r-old Dieckman. "Never have been. I got ?ortsmouth; Oren Tucker, Hampton; Burley The article follows: into the Reye's syndrome thing because it Warren, Portsmouth; Loretta Whitley, Nor Dedicated to the Memory of "A Husky" was a job that needed doing. What the heck, folk. Johns. E. Dieckman, Apr. 12, 1976 if everyone just sat around waiting for other WASHINGTON (5) THE SYNDROME OF DEATH people to do things, nothing would ever get Arble Coble, Port Townsend; Larry Hen (By Blll McCulloch) done. And that was the situation with dricks, Roy; Charles Lyle, Quilcene; Kenneth BENZONIA, MICH.-Eleven-year-old John Reye's syndrome--nothing was happening. Ward, Seattle, unidentified male, Roy. Stewart Elllott Dieckman, youngest child of There was void, a vacuum. So I got involved." But clearly there is more to Dieckman's WEST vmGINIA ( 1) John and Doris Dieckman of Benzonia, story than a strong sense of civic obligation. David Hopper, Charleston. Michigan, began showing the early symp toms of Reye's syndrome on Nov. 23, 1975- The fact is that Dieckma.n's energetic battle WISCONSIN (6) the Sunday before Thanksgiving. By Tuesday against Reye's began as a kind of self-pre Thelma Brown, Milwaukee; Ernestine Lopp, morning, the diagnosis was definite. And 17 scribed grief therapy following the death of Milwaukee; Anthony McKinnie, Milwaukee; days later the 11lness had run its course. his son, John. Georgia Mroz, Pewaukee Town; William John Stewart Elliott Dieckman was dead. Through its early stages, young John's Shibley, Clinton; unidentified male, Mil Reye's syndrome . . . the name belongs case progressed like a medical textbook de waukee. to a swift, virulent degeneration of vital scription of Reye's. During the week before WYOMING (4) body organs, primarily the liver and brain. Thanksgiving, 1975, the boy had missed sev Edward Behan, Jr., Ethete; Jeffrey Green, The syndrome was first described in medical eral days of school because of a sore throat. Evanston; Wenda Lafieur, otto; Guillermo literature about 50 years ago, but to this day But by the weekend it appeared that he was Yearra, Rock Springs. it remains a mystery: no known cause, no on the mend. Saturday morning, for ex preventative, no certain cure. ample, he felt well enough to play basket ADDITIONAL VICTIMS ball at Benzie County Central High School Janet Verne, Columbus, Ohio; Timothy How many victims a.re there? One federal official believes there may be 1,000 cases of just down the road from the Dieckman Gillespie, Lawrence, Kan.; and Willie Bow home. Saturday afternoon he was tired, but man, Durham, N.C. Reye's syndrome a year nationwide. An in dependent researcher thinks there is a sub nobody in the family gave it much thought; merged "iceberg" of undiagnosed Reye's that it was assumed that John would return to may total several thousand cases a year. school Monday morning. Early Sunday, how And some physicians now suspect that Reye's ever, the boy suddenly started vomiting. A JOB THAT NEEDS DOING occurs at least as frequently as did infantile "To the best of my recollection," says paralysis (poliomyelitis) during the early Dieckman, "it was not the persistent vomit 1930s. ing, the relentless vomiting that is usual HON. GUY VANDER JAGT But nobody knows for sure. ly associated with Reye's. But it was bad, OF MICHIGAN Many Reye's victims recover and go on to so we called our family doctor and he pre scribed something that was supposed to con IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lead normal lives. But the syndrome can klll, and in some of the non-fatal cases it trol the vomiting." Monday, July 9, 1979 can infiict permanent brain damage. Al By Monday morning John's vomiting had subsided. But that afternoon the youngster • Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, on though Reye's victims, almcst without ex ception, are children, relatively few pa.rents fell into a disoriented stupor punctuated April 12, 1976, 11-year-old John Stewart know what the syndrome is, and fewer still by spasms of strange behavior. "There was no Elliott Dieckman died. The cause of would recognize the early symptoms. way to communicate with him, no way to death-Reyes syndrome-a mysterious, That's how it used to be with John and get through to him," his father recalls. little-researched, killer disease that has Doris Dieckman. Up until November, 1975, "He would become violent, then quite brought death to thousands of children. they'd never heard of Reye's. "Oh, it's pos . . . violent, then quiet again. The violent sible we might have heard the name on spells never lasted more than a few seconds. The disease, its effects on children's He would double up his fist and slam it just bodies, its cause, and its treatment have a news report or something like that," John Dieckman says now. "But the name never as hard as he possibly could against any gone without attention far too long. But registered. Believe me, we knew absolutely thing that happened to be close at hand. that is all about to change. nothing-and I mean nothing, zero, zilch Then he would be quiet for, oh, maybe a John and Doris Dieckman, the parents about Reye's syndrome." couple of minutes. By this time, of course, of John Stewart Elliott Dieckman, Reyes But that is no longer the case. John Doris and I were with John almost con syndrome victim, have been engaged in Dieckman is now a walking encyclopedia of stantly." a valiant, noble effort-an effort facts and figures about Reye's. He is also At about 8 p.m. Monday, after two founded on the love and lasting memory president of the Michigan-based National more phone contacts with their family Reye's Syndrome Foundation, an organiza physician, the Dieckmans drove John to of their son and dedicated to bringing tion he helped to establish in early 1976. Munson Medical Center in Traverse City, 35 attention, enhancing understanding, and He makes speeches about Reye's, he mails miles northeast of their home. The boy was advancing Reyes syndrome research .out scades of information about Reye's. admitted. Twelve hours later the diagnosis and treatment. He also makes frequent trips to Washington, was definite: Reye's syndrome. That was Their perseverance has already pro where he has earned a reputation as a the first time the Dieckmans can recall ever duced the National Reyes Syndrome persistent and unabashed arm-twister. hearing of Reye's. Foundation, serving as a national clear His message: "There are too many federal An air ambulance fiew John south to inghouse for the distribution of infor dollars going to a small number of estab Ann Arbor, where he was admitted to the mation on the disease and as a counsel lished investigators working on established Reye's syndrome unit at Mott Children's medical projects. There isn't enough con Hospital. His condition continued to nose ing center to those parents grieved by sideration being given to new investigators. dive. That evening he sank into a coma the loss of a child to Reyes syndrome. The time has come to gamble a little, to and was transferred into Intensive Care. Mr. Speaker, the Dieckmans, in coop venture into the unknown." There he was rigged with tubes and wires eration with other parents of Reyes syn In other words, the time has come to and hooked up to various life-support and drome victims, are now working toward start pushing a little grant money in the monitoring machines, including a respira another goal-the financing of a direction of Reye's syndrome. That's what tor. Dieckman keeps telling his growing num After that it was largely a matter of multicenter, collaborative study which ber of Washington contacts. may answer the many questions sur watching and waiting. While the respirator Most of the people who deal regularly assisted John's breathing, other machines rounding the disease. We in Congress with Dieckman agree that he has been re kept close tab-s on essential body chemistry have the opportunity to take positive markably successful in creating a national and innercranial pressure. Drugs were action by supporting a grant application lobby (or at least the appearance of a na used to combat life-threatening changes. soon to be prepared and submitted to the tional lobby) for accelerated research into Up to this point, the Dieckman case had July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17675 followed the pattern that is genera.Uy re given to Michael Pettine. That is, both boys Control (CDC) In Atlanta. But for some rea garded as classic with Reye's syndrome. There were given life support and medication as son that never happened. CDC records in had been a. minor illness (a. sore throat, but opposed to complete exchange transfusions or dicate there were no Reye's cases, much less in most cases it's the flu) with apparent re peritoneal dialysis, a couple of the more any fatal cases, in Michigan In 1975. covery suddenly interrupted by brutal vom radical treatment prot<'Cols that have been In truth, there were more than 40 cases, iting. Then came the delirium marked by tried against Reye's. John Stewart Elliott Dieckman's among periods of combative behavior. And finally, In the Dieckman case supportive care was them. coma.. enough to bring the patient through the For the first five months of 1976, CDC rec Treatment in the Dieckman case also fol deadliest stage of the Reye's syndrome crisis. ords a.gain show no Reye's syndrome cases lowed accepted wisdom, which 1s to say it "At 2 o'clock in the morning on the day after for Michigan. But there were actually 17 focused exclusively on symptoms. Because Thanksgiving, Doris and I received a call at confirmed cases and at least one death, that the underlying how's and why's of the syn the motel where we were staying tn Ann of seven-year-old Jimmy Crawford, who fin drome remain a. mystery, treatment generally Arbor," Dieckman says. "We were told that we ally succumbed in January without ever re concentrates on preventing the symptoms could come over to the hospital and talk to gaining consciousness. from killing the patient. In some cas~up our son, that he had regained consciousness. More recently, a pediatric neurologist at to four cases out of 10 accor{!ing to national Well, naturally we went right over to see the University o! Chicago reported that data-symptoms cannot be controlled re him. And minute by minute, hour by hour, many cases of Reye's In infants may be going gardless of treatment. The coma. deepens, the you could see him pulUng out of it. He be undetected because the syndrome often patient dies. In other cases, the syndrome came lucid, concerned about what was going seems to strike with disguised symptoms In reaches a. certain point, reverses, and the on ... but he couldn't remember any or the children under one year old. patient survives. Among survivors, 80 to 90 things that had happened." Even among older children, Dieckman percent recover completely, others experi The worst was over. Or so it seemed. On the claims, the syndrome is often diagnosed as ence slight declines in IQ, still others suffer Saturday morning following the crisis, all the something else. A Grand Rapids woman re hopeless retardation. wires, tubes and life-support equipmeni; were cently wrote to Dieckman, describing a mys Most doctors agree that the chances for removed. On Sunday the boy was transferred terious ailment her three-year-old son con full recovery a.re greatly improved if treat into the Pediatric Ward. Except !or a brief tracted last year just as he was recovering ment begins early. But there a.re no gua.ra.n respiratory flare-up on Monday, noi;hing fur from chicken pox. The doctor, she wrote, had tees-.sometimes the treatment seems to ther developed. The recovery was rapid, al assured her It was "just the tlu.'' "There's work, and sometimes it doesn't. Consider, for most miraculous. no way I can prove it," says Dieckman, "but example, the case of Micha.el Pettine. It was during the most nerve-racking phase I'm convinced this child had Reye's. And I'm The 4-yea.r-old son of Louis and Susan of their son's medical crisis that the Dieck equally convinced that there are many, many Pettine, Michael was admitted to Boston mans first got to know Judith and James cases just like this every year." Floating Hospital for Infants and Children Cnwford, an Ann Arbor couple whose 7-year on Nov. 18, 1975. A week earlier Michael had old Jimmy was also a Reye's syndrome pa Given these apparent discrepancies In re been sick with the flu. On the morning of tient. "Jimmy was in the hospital, ln a porting and diagnosis, Dieckman believes It Nov. 17, as he was getting ready for school, coma., at the same time John wa-;," says would be folly for anyone to look at the he started vomiting. The violent retching Dieckman. "We used to chat with the Craw available statistics on Reye's and assume that continued despite medication, throughout fords from time to time, especially after the syndrome is a relatively inconsequential that day and into the next, after which the John started to come out of it. The Crawford problem. Forget the statistics, Dieckman boy became listless and unresponsive, his boy was stm in a coma, and I think we were insists; Reye's syndrome is not the "rare stupor interrupted by periods of wild kicking feeling a little guilty: 'Our son's OK but children's disease" It ls often made out to be. and thrashing. their son isn't.' That sort of thing. So Doris As for medical resea.roh on Reye's, there Lou Pettine was on a business trip when and I probably went out of our way to talk isn't much of it going on, although the sit his boy was admitted to the hospital. He to the Crawfords.'' uation may be a little better today than It flew to Boston just in time to learn that the The Dieckmans and the Crawfords saw was three years ago. "After our boy died in case had been diagnosed as Reye's syndrome. each other for what they believed would be January, 1976," recalls James Crawford, "my The name meant nothing to him. "What did the last time on the evening of Dec. 10, a wife and I traveled to the Boston area. And I care?' he says. "My son was in one of the Wednesday. John and Doris Dieckman were while we were there, I started asking a lot of finest hospitals in the country . . . They stepping onto a.n elevator, leaving the hos questions about Reye's. We had some me perform miracles in that place. So they were pital with their son who had just been re morial funds, and we wanted to give the going to straighten out the problem and leased. James and Judith Crawford were money to a hospital research center that someday we'd all be able to talk about the just stepping off the same elevator on their was conducting basic-science work on Reye's. time Micha.el got so sick." way to Intensive Care. Jimmy was still in But we were amazed to find out that .noth It wasn't until the next day that the a coma. ing was going on. I mean, this was Bos Pettines thought to ask anyone a.bout their The Dieckmans spent the night in Ann ton . . . supposedly one of the top medical son's recovery chances. A young resident told Arbor, then drove the 235 miles back to research centers in the world. And absolutely them he'd seen 16 children with Reye's syn Benzie County the next day, an unhurried nothing was happening." drome-14 of them had died. Realizing for drive Interrupted by stops for burgers and While they were in Boston that winter, the the first time what they were up against, the fries at several McDonald's along the way. Crawfords did have an opportunity to meet Pettines broke down and wept. Dr. Jerome Haller at Boston Floating Hospi For all practical purposes, the end ca.me Home for the first time In 17 days, John spent much of that evening playing with tal. Haller was considered something of an on Michael's third day in the hospital, a authority on Reye's. His assessment of the Thursday. "We'd been away from the Inten his two older sisters, Diana and Debra. At about 11 o'clock, the boy went up to bed research picture was discouraging. But he sive Ca.re Unit for awhile," Pettine recalls, told the Crawfords that if they were deter "and when we returned, there wasn't any in his parents' bedroom. And two hours later, he died. mined to do something, they should consider activity going on around Michael a.s there getting in touch with an equally determined had been for so many hours before. The "It was exactly three minutes before 1 a .m. when John got up out of his bed," says young parent down in the Fall River area tubes and wires were still there, but Mi Louis Pettine. chael's hair had been combed. And the sheet Dieckman. "He took four steps ... said, 'Dad, had been pulled up to his face and folded I can't breathe' ... and that was the end. "It was either the first or second weekend· neatly back. Except for the sound of the Boom-just llke that. We called the re in February when the Crawfords contacted life-support machines, it was quiet.' suscitator crew to the house. Our doctor us," says Pettine. "We drove up to Brain A neurosurgeon told :the Pettines that rushed over. too. But there was nothing any tree that evening and had dinner with them. Michael's last encephalogram had been a body could do. It was that quick." I think we spent the better part of six hours "flat line." There was no bra.in activity what The omcial cause of death was listed as in that restaurant, talking, sharing our ex soever. And no hope. Under Massachusetts acute pulmonary edema. Unomctally, but no periences, comparing our backgrounds. At law, though, two consecutive days of flatline less certainly, the cause of death was Reye's that point the Crawfords were the only other readings were required for a proclamation syndrome. From a cllnlcal standpoint, the Reye's syndrome parents we'd ever met." of death. The next day, a second encephalo case was noteworthy only because death At the conclusion of that first meeting the gram fulfilled the criteria spelled out by law. came so explosively In the wake of what had two fa.mmes decided to keep in touch with At 12 :25 p.m. Friday, Nov. 21, Michael was seemed to be a complete recovery. "It was each other. Lou and Jim agreed to begin pronounced dead. And at 11 o'clock the next a highly unusual case," observes Dieckman, working on ways to stimulate public aware morning, Louise and Susan Pettine burled "almost unheard of, really. The doctors have ness of Reye's. And Jim said he knew of one their oldest son. never been able to explain what happened. other Reye's syndrome parent who might be Just 24 hours later, 775 miles away, young They're st111 puzzled by John's death." persuaded to join the effort. That was John John Dieckman began to manl!est the symp A report on the Dieckman case was passed Dieckman. toms that eventually brought him to the through channels by offi.cials at Mott Hospi- So it was that Dieckman, Crawford and Intensive Care Unit at Mott Children's Hos tal. Eventually the report should have been Pettine, the three founding trustees of the pital in Ann Arbor. incorporated into the annual morbidity and National Reye's Syndrome Foundation, hap Treatment in the Dieckman case was nearly mortality statistics compiled by the U.S. pened to get together. Doris Dieckman, identical to the treatment that had been Public Health Service's Center !or Disease Judith Crawford and Susan Pettine also were 17676 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 involved in the formation of the foundation, million to $10 million to finance a multi-cen ing health care costs and promoting well and all three still serve as trustees. ter collaborative study lasting three to five being. Chartered in Michigan in April, 1976, the years. This ls the type of study, Dieckman "Finally, the fact that infants with higher National Reye's Syndrome Foundation has believes, that may finally unlock the myster birthweights also tend to be less susceptible since become a nationwide organization with ies surrounding Reye's syndrome. to nutritional problems during the critical more than 1,000 members, many of them There are, of course, no guarantees. Nor first few years of growth, the program is parents who've lost children to Reye's. The are there any guarantees that the proposed likely to produce additional subsequent ben foundation has four regional chapters, six grant application will even be funded. But efits in well-being and lower health costs." volunteer medical advisors (Boston's Dr. Dieckman undoubtedly will do whatever he The second study was conducted earlier Haller among them), and its list of honor can to see that it is. "You've got to generate this year by Yale epidemiologists and the ary t.rustees includes Gov. Wllliam Mllliken. political pressure," he says. "That's what it's Waterbury, Connecticut health department. The foundation is operating this year on all about ... that's the way to get things A citywide analysis found that the infant less than $30,000. It has no employes. retains done.''e mortality rate among WIC participants dur no consultants, pays no rent or utiUties. All ing 1975, 1976 and 1977 was 8.4 compared officers and trustees are unsalaried. And the with a 22.7 rate for non-WIC infants. In foundation's ma111ng address is Dieckman's THE WIC PROGRAM IS EFFECTIVE 1977 alone, the rate for WIC participants home near the rural vlllage of Benzonia, 8293 was just 4.6 compared with 19.1 for non Homestead Rd., Benzonia, Mich. 49616. As participants. national charitable foundations go. it's a HON. JOE MOAKLEY "As you know, infant mortality is a meas shoestring operation. OF MASSACHUSE'ITS uring staff for determining whether health Dieckman has been president of the foun delivery is good in a group or nation or dation since last 1976, when he and Craw IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whether it is not. There is a possibility that ford, now a vice president and treasurer, Monday, July 9, 1979 adequate food as given by the WIC program traded titles. As president, Dieckman spends is the key to raise up our national infant up to 20 hours a week on foundation busi • Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is not mortality to the top," Waterbury health chief ness-traveling, speaking, lobbying. writing too often that one hears of a Federal Gert Wallach wrote last summer to senator letters. culling the latest medical literature. program that is proved to be cost-effec George McGovern (D-S.D.). And he also finds the energy to serve on a local school board and keep up with his tive. I should like to tell you and my An in-depth study by the HEW Depart regular job as an assistant manager in a colleagues about one such program that ment's Center for Disease Control reached frozen foods plant owned by Pet, Inc. has been found to be cost-effective by similar conclusions (see CNI Vol. VIII:35). Whenever time permits, Dieckman and Harvard University researchers: The aid President Carter took note of the studies Crawford (who moved from Ann Arbor to the to women, infants, and children, or WIC when he signed the child nutrition bill (P.L. Boston area) fly to Washington, where they program. 95-627), which contains major increases for team up like a couple of high-pressure WIC, this month: "It has reduced anemia, WIC is a prenatal food -supplemental and the number of underweight infants pitchmen, delivering the hard sell for Reye's program aimed at directly lowering infant syndrome research grants. "John and Jim are at birth, and has dramatically reduced in two of the most persistent individuals we mortality rates by reducing the incidence fant mortality rates. The WIC program is have ever dealt with," says a health scien of underweight infants at birth. This pro fully consistent with my commitment to pre tist-administrator in one of the National gram, initiated in 1975, has become a ventive health measures and may actually Institutes of Health. "And they have been significant positive factor in lowering the reduce hospital expenditures and Medicaid pretty successful-successful to the extent national infant mortality rate. Indirect costs." (CNI Weekly Report, November 30, that they have alerted people here at NIH ly, this program has raised public con 1978) to the problem of Reye's syndrome." sciousness about prenatal child care. In This article only confirms my high Dieckman and Crawford also see to it that fact, the WIC nutrition program is pre opinion of the WIC program and I urge influential members of Congress are alerted cisely the sort of preventative health you to join me in supporting and ex to the problem of Reye•s. After an Indiana senator was quoted as saying that effective care project we should all strongly sup panding it as soon as possible.• lobbying had helped corral mllllons of fed port: the benefits of better health and eral dollars for heart disease and cancer re long-term cost savings far outweigh its search, Dieckman barged into the senator's initial costs of implementation. office one afternoon and told a surprised staff But you need not take my word for SOVIET REFUSENIKS member that Reye's syndrome had a lobby it. I have included remarks from several and wanted a piece of the action, too. respected research studies on the merits HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN The reaction to Dleckman's lobbying style of the WIC program, and I urge you to has been generally positive. But while a num consider their conclusions carefully: OF MASSACHUSETTS ber of federal officials say they sympathize IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with the alms of the National Reye's Syn Harvard researchers James E. Austin and drome Foundation, the number of federal Eileen Kennedy analyzed the cost-effective Monday, July 9, 1979 dollars going to Reye's research remains ness of prenatal supplements in four WIC small. "In the final analysis," says one offi programs in Massachusetts and concluded: • Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I know cial, "people in the scientific community "The savings in hospitalization costs far ex that our colleagues will want to read the must come forward with logical approaches ceed the costs of the (WIC) supplementation. very moving article in the June 28 issue to the (Reye's) problem. And those people The preventive approach ls clearly preferred of the Christian Science Monitor by Dr. cannot be expected to drop everything right over the curative treatment both on the basis Richard Wilson, professor of nuclear and now to follow the lead of a John Dieckman of efficiency and humaneness." high energy physics at Harvard Univer or a Jim Crawford." The researchers first compared the inci sity. But Dieckman remains undaunted. Over dence of low birthweight in infants born This article about Soviet refuseniks the past three years, he says, the foundation to 627 WIC mothers with those born to an has made remarkable progress toward two of other 217 women eligible but not participat contains the observations of Professor its original goals: educating parents about ing in the program. They found they could Wilson, who has just returned from his Reye's syndrome, and pursuading govern predict a rate of just 3.5 percent for WIC fifth visit to the Soviet Union. The arti ment health planners, researchers and law infants, compared with 14.6 percent for the cle is the result of Professor Wilson's makers that Reye's ls a significant national non-WIC group. meeting with Soviet citizens trying to health problem. What's more, he adds, work The total cost of WIC vouchers and ad leave the U.S.S.R. and with several on the most ambitious goal of all is only now ministration-and hospitalization for the 3.5 prominent Soviet scientists. getting under way. percent of low blrthweight babies-in the The article follows. The foundation, Dieckman explains, is try WIC group was $230,134. The projected hos ing to raise $25,000 (over and above its tenu pitalization cost for low birthweight babies REFUSENIKS: DESOLATE ••• AND WAITING, ous operating budget) to underwrite a series at a. 14.6 percent rate would be $715,914- WAITING o! information-pooling meetings involving resulting in a cost-effectiveness ratio of about (By Andree Desiree Wilson and medical investigators and public health of three to one, they concluded. Richard Wilson) ficials from 10 states, the District of Colum "Even allowing for some imprecision in the Since about 1970 it has been possible for bia and one Canadian province. These people data, it appears that the magnitude o! these Soviet citizens of Jewish descent to apply to will be brought to Chicago for a number o! cost-effectiveness ratios is sufficient to con emigrate to Israel; some 50,000 will probably two-day sessions this summer and fall, clude that WIC prenatal supplementation be leaving this year. But those who want to Dieckman says. is highly desirable," the researchers wrote emigrate, scientists and engineers in partic Information generated at these sessions, USDA early this month. "The spiraling costs ular, often find themselves in a very difficult he hopes, will serve as the basis for a 2,000- of hospitallzation will only enhance the pro position. The process goes something like page research grant application to the Na gram's future cost-effectiveness. It is an ob this: tional Institutes of Health-a. request for $5 vious, economical and humane way of reduc- 1. For some reason-anti-Semitism or the 17677 July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS looking for Jewish girls to marry so that department heads but then he could not be failure of personal plans-a scientist wishes responsible for meeting the plan. That was to leave the Soviet Union. they may leave. The detailed stories of the individual the end of the pressure. 2. The scientist fills out the forms to apply Some of the refusenik scientists collect for emigration. As a result of this action he families a.re heart-rending, and while we were there we felt impelled to help each in together in private apartments in weekly is seen as disloyal in the eyes of the authori seminars: Dr. Viktor Brailovsky on Sundays ties, and in the eyes of many fellow Rus dividual all we could. But perhaps the most tragic phenomenon at the moment is the at noon in Moscow, and Dr. Taratuta in sians, and he is assumed to contaminate Leningrad on Monday evenings. The semi those associated with him. effect the whole emigration movement has had on Russian life. nars have been addressed by a number of 3. The scientist may be fl.red from his posi distinguished visitors, including Nobel lau tion and his wife and children may receive In the big cities of Leningrad and Moscow many Russians of Jewish descent were well reates. The contact keeps these scientists similar treatment. Anticipating this, some alive and reminds the authorities that the scientists leave their positions voluntarily integrated even before the revolution. They so as not to embarrass their friends and intermarried and, as in Europe and the scientists are not forgotten. United States, many were found in the pro We were very mDved by a. party we at former colleagues; some even move to a dif tended to celebrate the departure (for the ferent city. One told us, "I may go, but my fessions. In fact, a large number of Bolshe friends must stay." We know of only one viks were Jewish. US) of a refusenik who had been sustained scientist who was able to keep his position. The main anti-Semitism at that time was in his seven years of waiting by others, not 4. The scientist and his family are soon in the Ukraine, where the pogroms occurred all scientists, in a similar position. The living on savings, supplemented in a. few in the 19th century. Anti-Semitism increas others were stlll waiting for permission to cases by earnings from private tutoring in ed under Stalin, particularly after the Mo leave. English. This continues until permission lotov-Ribbentrop pact of 1939. Although it As we have described lt, we see no easy comes to leave. was practiced in high places, it was officially solution to the problems. For a physicist to 5. In some cases the director of an insti discouraged. Some efforts were made under find a new job late in his career is not tute does not want scientists to leave, be Khrushchev to stop anti-Semitism. Since easy; to do this in a new country, often cause it gives the institute a bad name. The 1970, however, it has increased markedly. To with a new language, is hard. director may state, without justification, some extent this increase has been accel There is a very real danger that these that the scientist is engaged in secret work, erated by the ab111ty of Jews to emigrate refuseniks--numbering perhaps 200 in so that permission to leave becomes unlikely. s. privilege that is not vouchsafed to the rest Leningrad alone-will be forgotten. Only 6. If permission to leave is refused, the of the Russian people. few of them are scientists with contacts suspicions of disloyalty remain, and it is im Some years ago, when the emigration be abroad who can continually remind the possible for the individual to regain the gan, some Soviet citizens changed their jobs authorities, by attendance at seminars or former job. In practice, the only solution is immediately before emigration. Then they otherwise, of their existence. to reapply (reapplication is permitted every applied for emigration from the new posi There ls a report circulating among the six months) until eventually permission is tion so as not to embarrass their old col refuseniks that all persons without official grainted (in one case noted below, after seven leagues. As a result, Jews cannot now change jobs will be moved out of Leningrad and years) or the scientist is prosecuted and their jobs, because they are immediately Moscow before the Olympic Games next jailed for parasitism (being without a job). suspected of wanting to emigrate. We were year. They may never return. Until the trade As a result of the isolation from former told also that Moscow University now ad agreement and SALT II are signed and rati colleagues and friends, these unfortunate mits no Jews in science and engineering fied, we have some abillty to exercise pres sure. Many refuseniks told us that they see people, called "refuseniks," are hungry for courses since, it is argued, if they were to human contact and welcome joyously (and leave, their education would be a waste of such American leverage as their only hope.e ravenously) any American who calls. For the money. visitor there is no danger, because phone These problems of a.nti-Semitiron have calls and private visits are legal; for the led many scientists to emigrate who had no refuseniks such contact can be dangerous thought of emigrating before 1970. We noted THE CARIBBEAN-A RED SEA IN and subject the refusenik to interrogation. that scientists (who in the Soviet Union CENTRAL AMERICA While we were on a visit to the Soviet are almost all atheists, whatever their religi Union as guests of the Soviet Academy of ous origin) now are going to synagogues. In Sciences in May, we met several refuseniks Leningrad some are beginning to learn He HON. GEORGE HANSEN in Leningrad and Moscow. Some had been brew-a language that was almost extinct OF mAHO waiting to leave for seven years ( 14 applica among Soviet Jews. This gives them a sense tions; others were about to leave. Most were of community and may be useful for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nervous and said they had noth1ng to lose. future lf they move to Israel. Monday, July 9, 1979 Their stories were tragic. All of this is the tragic Catch-22 ln which One professor in low-temperature plasma Jewish people have been trapped for cen • Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, an article physics was head of a small laboratory in turies. Society tends to regard them as in the Chicago Tribune of July 1, 1979, by Leningroo. Three scientists in his laboratory separate, so they develop a separate Ufe John Maclean entitled "'Cubans All had applied to leave a.nd left. The authori and aims that separate them further from Over, U.S. Nowhere' in caribbean" is ties thought this a large number and im the rest of society. part of a series contending that our Gov plied disloyalty in the laboratory, so they At present, the pressure on the Soviet ernment has known for a considerable closed it. Union for free emigration comes from the time that Cuba and Panama have been The scientist had a distinguished father, US as a condition of trade agreements. This working in tandem to turn the Carib a Leningrad physician who was Jewish. Be puts a major responsib111ty on Americans. ing half Jewish was enough to prevent his In each individual case humanity dictates bean into a Communist lake. getting another job (already hard because that anyone who wishes to emigrate should I include for the RECORD this article of his age-he was in his 50s) . He had no be helped to do so. But unless Americans and the text of an allegedly secret memo option but to apply to leave or to retire to press for freee emigration for everybody, re dated May 2, 1979, cited heavily in the his dacha. (country home), or take a more gardless of religion or race, this only inten Tribune series, the authenticity of which lowly job. He was permitted to become a sifies anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union and the U.S. State Department has at differ stoker and trained in that job. elsewhere. ent times both affirmed and denied. Now he has left. He took with him a Polish We heard-from refuseniks-many en Catholic wife. He left behind a daughter and couraging stories of Russians who refuse to This memo has circulated widely in grandchildren, a car almost new (cost, 8,000 bow to the anti-Semitic trend. An institute press and general circles since first re rubles), and his dacha. He could take out director ln the Ukraine was told by his vealed and clearly affirms that Cuba and only 100 rubles, his personal effects, and resident KGB (secret police) man that four Panama were· in constant collaboration, furniture. of his seven department heads were Jews, since September of 1978, to subvert and We asked several of the refuseniks how and asked if he shouldn't do something communize the rest of Central America they were regarded by their neighbors. In about it. The director replied that if he was with current major efforts being focused each case, the refuseniks said they deliber ordered to do something about it he would, ately kept a formal distance. It is dangerous but the order would have to be in writing. on the upper tier nations of Nicaragua, to trust strangers in the Soviet Union, and Nothing was done. The same suggestion was El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. no one wants to get friends in trouble. In the repeated by the local Communist Party and Evidence is mounting daily from con Soviet Union, neighbors tend to be working then by the Ukraine party-with the same gressional committee hearings and U.S. in the same university or institute, especial reply. When the suggestion was made by the court action that Panama has also been ly if the apartments are new, so there is party Central Committee, the director trav running guns, both legally and illegally, often some understanding. In some cases eled to Moscow and said that his institute during that same period of time from we were told there is even envy; only Jew had always met the state's plan; that the the United states to the Marxist Sanda ish people may apply to emigrate, yet many three gentile department heads did not al others would like to do so. As a result iron ways do so. He repeated that if ordered to nista revolutionaries in addition to the ically, there are young gentile Russia~ men do so, in writing, he would fire the Jewish Cuban weapons. Outright invasion is oc- 17678 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 curring in violation of the charters of prepared by the CIA and distributed to gov less specific information, but reported that both the United Nations and the Orga ernment agencies. "the Castro regime's interest has doubtless nization of American States, and even The memo described how Cubans loaded quickened as it has observed the spiraling mortars, 50-caliber machine guns, and rifles violence and growing political polarization the terms of the new Panama Canal aboard Panamanian government planes and there." treaties. ferried them to the guerrillas. State Depart One "untested" source told American in Unfortunately, the victims of this ag ment sources confirmed that the operation telligence omcials that about 50 members of gression continue to be assaulted by both continues, adding that Cuba is but one sup the military army of the Popular Liberation the Marxist revolutionaries and the hu plier of the Sandinistas. One source said the Forces [FPL] were receiving four months of man rights strategists of the U.S. State Government of Panama has provided even training In Cuba. The source said that these Department while American security larger quantities of arms than Cuba. guerrillas, 30 of whom have returned to El Castro has been busy in other Latin na Salvador, were slated to lead a force of 2,000 continues to erode alarmingly. tions as well. His activities have reached into newly trained Salvadorians. The article and memo follow: Jamaica, Guatemala, El Salvador, and na "Cuba's willingness to lend support has "'CUBANS ALL OVER, U.S. NOWHERE' IN tions of the West Indies, including Grenada. presumably increased because of the demon CARmBEAN'' Many Congressmen, especially those con strated wlllingness of the various guerrilla WASHINGTON .-Government leaders from cerned with the security of the Panama groups to cooperate in a.t least an informal the Caribbean have told American ofilcials canal once it is turned over to Panama, have alliance," the memo said. that "Cubans are all over the place in the criticized the Carter administration for Elsewhere in the region, the NSC's Pastor Caribbean," even dating secretaries at a for withholding from the public details of the was told that in the Caribbean, Cuba used eign ministers conference in Jamaica to get Cuban and Panamanian involvement in small amounts of money "through friendly \nformation and promote Cuban interests. Nicaragua. professors in the University of the West In By contrast, the omcials complained that "This administration views Cuba as a po dies and other institutions to help their the "United States was nowhere to be tential friend or neutral influence," said Rep. groups on each island." found." One asked that the U.S. do more to Robert Bauman (R., Md.], a critic of the Cuba. first concentrated on Jamaica when prevent leftist coups in the area, including Panama. Canal treaties. "We have done noth lt began to re-enter the Caribbean theater. It organizing a regional coast guard. The U.S. ing but cover up what Panama has been do maintains technical assistance to the Manley might send more of its warships into the ing. Why haven't we pressured the Panama government. Caribbean, this omcial said. nians to stop the Cubans from sending arms Cuba has denied reports that 10 Cubanis These items were relayed to the White through them?" participated in the leftist coup in Grenada. House by Robert Pastor, National Se::urity One high CIA omcial, who asked not to be Council expert on Latin America, in a secret identified, said Castro's aid to Nicaraguan MEMORANDUM memorandum obtained by The Tribune. leftists exceeds the items cited in the memo, MAY 2, 1979. Pastor, in a report dated June 18, said Henry which was dated May 2. This official said, Subject: Cuban Support for Central Ameri Forde, foreign minister of Barbados, told however, that exposing Cuban activities com can Guerrilla Groups. plicates U.S. policy in the region. him he was "extremely concerned about the KEY JUDGMENTS expansion of Cuban influence in the Carib The U.S. has two main aims right now: bean." to turn over the canal to Panama and to stop The Castro regime apparently concluded by Relaying his talks with Forde, Pastor Communists from taking over in Nicaragua. at least last fall that prospects for revolu wrote: In recent days, with Congressional approval tionary upheaval in Central America over the "At a recent foreign ministers' conference of enabling legislation for the Panama Canal next decade or so had markedly improved in Jamaica, he said that the Cubans took treaties virtually assured, the Carter admin largely because of the weakened position of out a large number of rooms in the hotel istration for the first time has publicly men Nicaragua's Samoza and the ripple effect his where all the foreign ministers were staying tioned Cuban aid to the Sandinista guerril removal would have on other countries in and even went so far as trying to date the las, apparently as a way of raising the spectre Central America. As a result Cuba has in secretaries &.s a way to get information. They of a Communist coup in Nicaragua. tensified its attempts to unify insurgent sought interviews with all the foreign min The CIA in May summarized Castro's in groups not only in Nicaragua-where Cuba isters." tentions this way: has concentrated its efforts-but in Guate What worries Forde and other Caribbean "The Castro regime apparently concluded mala and El Salvador as well. leaders ls a return by Castro to a policy of by at least last fall that prospects for revolu While tailoring the extent of its support to exporting revolution there, and a lack of tionary upheaval in Central America over the the realities of the situation in each coun U.S. response. After nearly a decade of di next decade or so had markedly improved try, Cuba has stepped up its on-island train recting his attention elsewhere, Castro has largely because of the weakened position of ing of guerrillas from each of these coun once again begun providing arms and advice Nicaragua's Somoza and the ripple effect his tries and-in the case of Nicaragua-has on to leftist guerrillas in Caribbean countries. removal would have on other countries in at least two and probably three occasions Forde told Pastor that Prime Minister Eric Central America. supplied arms-for the first time in many Williams of Trinidad and Tobago, and Pre "As a result, Cuba has intensified its at years-to the Sandinista National Liberation mier Lee Moore of St. Kitts and Nevis, were tempt to unify insurgent groups not only in Front (FSLN). Cuba has also made a con concerned, too. Nicaragua-where Cuba has concentrated certed effort to persuade leftist movements its efforts-but in Guatemala and El Salva Williams was said to be cutting off aid to and parties in the region to increase their dor as well." assistance to the FSLN and has used these Guyana because it had become involved In Guatemala, Cuba has maintained groups to funnel aid to the Sandinistas. with the leftist movement in Grenada, Wil close links with the Guerrilla Army of the liams and Moore were saict to be interested Havana's approach to events in Central Poor which is known by its Spanish initials America, however, reflects a far more sophis in a coast guard "to be a regional strike force EGP. The CIA said Cuba !has limited its to prevent a repetition of the Grenada coup." ticated and selective revolutionary doctrine support to Guatemalan leftists, insisting that than that which guided Cuba's actions dur According to an assessment by the CIA, they must first stop fighting among them Castro has his own domino theory. He be ing the 1960s. Cuba clearly believes it has a selves. stake in preserving its improving image with lieves the eventual fall of the Somoza regime "According to a reliable Guatemalan in Nicaragua will have a "ripple effect" many governments in the hemisphere and source, on Jan. 12 a Cuban omcial met in wants to avoid provoking a U.S. counter throughout Central America and the Carib Guatemala with leaders of the EGP, the Re bean, bringing a wave of the leftist govern response. As a result, Cuba has used third bel Armed Forces [FAR), and the dissident country intermediaries to deliver its assist ments. Unlike his solo efforts at fomenting wing of the Guatemalan Communist Party revolution in the 1960s, this time Castro in ance to the Sandinistas and has taken care [PGTJ," the memo said. "The Cuban official that its aid not differ in kind from the ma tends to work with other Latin governments, counseled them to coordinate plans of ac using them as intermediaries to deliver arms terial suppol't supplied to the FSLN by sev tions, to integrate training of their members, eral other governments in the region. and making sure Cuban assistance does not and to make a greater effort to infiltrate differ in kind and quantity from that of labor movements." While optimistic that trends in Central other countries. America. favor the left, Havana has coun The Cubans have stepped up training of seled patience and has urged its friends to Castro does not want to risk a confronta EGP guerrlllas in Cuba, a practice they have prepare for a protracted struggle, even In tion with the U.S., the CIA said. Therefore, maintained for "some years." Nicaragua. Cuban support, therefore, can be the intelligence agency considers it unlikely The Cubans have worked to encourage tlbe expected to continue to be geared toward he will send troops to aid a revolutionary movement. orthodox faction of the Guatemalan Commu helping the Sandinistas and other regional nity Party [PGT] to lend its support to local guerrilla. groups develop the military and po Castro has concentrated on Nicaragua, insurgent groups, the memo continued. litical infrastructure necessary to win a war using Panamanian air force planes and Costa "The Cubans clearly feel no urgency in of attrition, and the widespread grass roots Rican landing fields to funnel arms to leftist promoting revolutionary activity in Guate support necessary to consolidate the victory. Sandinista guerrillas, hundreds of whom were mala," the memo concluded. "Rather, their Given the low-key approach Cuba has em trained in Cuba. Details of the Nicaragua efforts seem designed to prepare local insur ployer in Central America. Havana is likely operation were disclosed last week when The gent groups for the long haul." to do its best to avoid being placed in a situa Tribune obtained a secret memorandum In El Salvadoi:. American intelligence had tion where it Inight be called upon to inter- July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17679 vene directly with its own mmtary units and encourage leftist groups in neighboring Cen sary logistical and organizational capability thus risk a military confrontation with the tral American countries to aid the FSLN. to sustain conventional operations against U.S. Havana especially wants regional Communist the Guard. Moreover, in mid-January two NICARAGUA parties to support the Sandinistas. Toward diplomats assigned to the Cuban embassy in The Cuban Government has long felt a that end the Cubans in early February pro Panama stated that Cuba no longer believed deep enmity toward the Somoza regime in moted a meeting in San Jose, Costa Rica that that the FSLN would be able to topple Nicaragua and has looked forward to its was attended by the Communist parties from Somoza before his term expires in 1981. ouster not only because of the implications the Central American countries as well as Cuban support, therefore is likely to con that such an event would have for Nicaragua from Mexico and Panama. Cuban delegates tinue to be intended to help the Sandinistas but for the sake of revolutionary change used the occasion to urge their counterparts develop the military and political infrastruc throughout the region. As Somoza's position to bolster their assistance to the FSLN by ture necessary to triumph In a war of attri appeared to grow shakier last year, Havana creating safehavens in their countries, pro tion. The Cubans probably expect that-as intensified its etrort to strengthen his op viding facilities for military training, and was the case with the Batista army-popular supplying arms and other equipment. Plans ponents by urging unity among the various sentiment will gradually turn against the were al.so discussed for a. follow-up meeting Sandinista National Liberaition Front (FSLN) National Guard and eventually render it in factions. By early fall Cuba was sufficiently later this spring probably in Havana that would prepare a. strategy for assisting etrective. To make the FSLN a more potent satisfied that this had been accomplished to guerrilla force, Havana can be expected to increase significantly its support to the revolutionary activity throughout Central America. continue to emphasize the development of Sandinistas. safe havens, training sites, and logistics ARMS SUPPLIES In part because of Cuba's urging, Central bases in neighboring countries. Cuba is also Since late September our information indi American leftist groups have for some time likely to continue to provide arms and on cates that Cuba has on at least two and prob been developing support mechanisms respon island training to FSLN members. ably three occasions supplied a.rms to the sive to Sandinista needs. For examnle, late The Cubans have urged the Sandinistas to FSLN. On ea.oh occasion Havana has limited last summer at Havana's direction the Hon combine their etrorts to intensify the guer its own direct involvement by relying on the duran Communist Party established a support rilla struggle with a highly pragmatic politi Panamanian government to transport the apparat that has been responsible for find cal approach designed to broaden the FSLN's arms. Reporting from several sources indi ing sites in Honduras to train FSLN guer base of popular support for a movement to cates that in late September Cuba shipped rillas. The apparat has relied on sporadic oust Somoza. For example, during Castro's eight crates of arms--including 50-caliber Cuban financial aid to purchase arms, radios, meeting with FSLN leaders in March, he machine guns designed to serve as an anti and other equipment for the FSLN, and reportedly urged them to play down the aircraft weapon-to Panama via a Panama Honduran Communists have assisted the Marxist nature of their programs at this nian air force plane for later transshipment Sandinistas in border crossings. Since last point and to offer to join with non-Marxists to FSLN forces in Costa Rica. fall, however-despite frequent prodding by in forging a broad coalition. FSLN leaders In early November Cuba made its second Honduran Communist Party leaders-the have taken steps to comply with his request. delivery of arms destined for the FSLN. Cubans have dragged their feet in providing Given the low-key approach CUba has pur According to a reliable source, during the promised financial aid for the apparat. sued regarding the Nicaraguan situation, it week of 5-11 November three Panamanian Cub3. reportedly also funnels assistance to is likely that Havana will do its best to avoid air force planes returned to Panama from the FSLN through two groups in Costa Rica. being placed in a situation where it might Cuba carrying crates that contained AK-47 A member of the Central Committee of the be called upon to intervene directly with rifles, 50-caliber machine guns, and hand Costa Rican Communist party-the Popular Cuban military units. One possible scenario held mortars. By the end of the month the Vanguard Party-said in early March that in which Havana might be confronted with Panamanians had flown these arms to Libe Cuba had begun to channel limited finan such a choice is if the Sandinistas captured ria. Costa Rica where they were given to the cial assistance to the FSLN through his a portion of Nicaraguan territory and then FSLN. party. The Cubans may also be helping to as a "provisional government"-requested Circumstantial evidence indicates that the fund a "Committee of Solidarity with the Cuba to send troops. The sending of m1lita.ry Cubans were involved in the recent reactiva Sandinista Front" headed by self-professed personnel to Nicaragua by Honduras, El Sal tion of the Panamian-Costa Rican resupply FSLN member Ernesto Cardenal, a Nicara vador, or Guatemala would also raise the route to the FSLN. Members of the FSLN guan priest who resides in Costa Rica. possibility of Cuban military intervention. "General Sta.tr" reportedly stated at a meet In neither of these situations, however, do ing on 13 April that their inventory included PROMOTING FSLN UNITY we believe that Havana would be likely to an undisclosed number of antitank rockets Fidel Castro's recent discussions with commit its troops for fear that this action of Soviet and French manufacture that CUba FSLN leaders may lead to more active Cuban would provoke a US counterresponse. had provided via Panama. Although the support to the FSLN. In early March, leaders GUATEMALA "General Staff" members did not specify of the three major FSLN factions traveled to Cuba. to meet with Castro. The Cuban The focus of Cuban attention in Central when Cuba had supplied the arms, other in America has been on Nicaragua, but Cuban formation indicates that Pana.ma delivered leader is said to have spent nearly 48 hours contacts with Guatemalan leftists have also arms to FSLN forces in Costa Rica about the over a four-day period helping to hammer increased in recent months. The main thrust time of the meeting. Also among the arms out a basis for cooperation. As a result of of Cuban policy at this point-as it has been Panama delivered in mid-April were mortar the meeting a unified FSLN directorate was for several years-is to encourage the vari rounds that are apparently of Chinese origin; establish~d containing three members from ous insurgent groups to join together in a other sources have reported that this type of each faction. In return, Castro reportedly common effort to undermine the govern armament had previously been provided by promised that Cuba would increase its as ment. Havana continues to insist that Cuba, probably via Panama. sistance in the form of money, arms, and greater unity be achieved before Cuba un ON-ISLAND TRAINING ammunition. Havane. has repeatedly urged dertakes any major increase in its support. Training in Cuba of FSLN guerrillas leaders of the disparate Sandinista factions Nonetheless, Cuba seems to be laying the which ha.s continued at low levels for years to cooperate in a unified etrort against groundwork for increasing its assistance to ha.s apparently been on the upswing, espe Somoza; their failure to do so has been a these groups. cially since January. Early that month a major deterrent to increased Cuban assist Havana's closest links are to the Guerrilla Panamanian emis~ary reached an agreement ance and will likely continue to be so should Army of the Poor (EGP), and the Cubans with Fidel Castro to send to Cuba FSLN exiles the current unity effort falter. used it as a hub to broaden their ties with who formerly would have been granted safe OUTLOOK other insurgent groups. According to a re haven in Panama. On 10 March a subordinate The Cuban leadership shares the belief of liable Guatemalan source, on 12 January a of Norlega's said that Panama is serving as a the Popular Prolonged War and the Prole Cuban official met in Guatemala with leaders bridge to transport FSLN personnel to Cuba tarian Tendency factions that the Sandinls of the EGP, the Rebel Armed Forces (FAR), where they undergo training before returning tas are likely to achieve power only after a and the dissident wing of the Guatemalan to Nicaragua. protracted struggle. When Fidel Castro met Communist Party (PGT) to urge these three Evidence on the total number of FSLN in Havana in September with Tomas Borge action-oriented groups to unify. The Cuban guerrillas who have received tra;nlng in Cuba leader of the Popular Prolonged War fac official counseled them to coordinate plans is spotty. Members of the FSLN "General tion-and Eden Pastora-a leading Terciario of actions, to integrate training of their re Staff" reportedly said on 13 April that Cuba faction military commander-he reportedly spective members, and to make a greater has trained 300 of the FSLN combatants cur effort to infiltrate labor movements. Stress counseled them to refrain from a frontal ing the importance of a united front, he rently in the field. In early April an official attack against the National Guard. Instead, of the FSLN Terciario faction reportedly said implied that if the three groups improved he urged them to concentrate on hit-and their level of cooperation then Cuba would that half of his faction's regular combatants run actions and other guerrilla activities. have received training in CUba. provide greater financial and material as Castro took a similar position in early sistance. ENCOURAGING SUPPORT FOR THE FSLN FROM December when he reportedly urged two According to the same Guatemalan source, NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES Terciario leaders to abandon plans for a in late January a follow-up meeting was A major element in Cuba's approach to the large scale military offensive because he did held in which two Cuba.n advisers offered Nicaraguan situation has been its effort to not believe that the FSLN had the neces- to provide training in Cuba for PGT dissi- 17680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 dents and FAR members. For some years the In February an untested Salvadoran source Just as in 1973-74, the oil price explosion Cubans have trained EGP guerrillas in Cuba, reported that about 50 members of the mili is the biggest external shock. The arithmetic and-impressed with that group's initial tary army of the Popular Liberation Forces is simple: success in recruiting members of Guatemala (FPL)-the group with which Cuba has Adding our huge oil imports to those seg Indian population-Havana began early this maintained the closest ties-were in CUba ments of our domestic production that al year to train some of these recruits. The receiving four months of military and ideo ready move with the world price means that Cubans may also plan to train members of logical training. The source said that upon OPEC dictates the price of nearly two-thirds a new guerrilla group, which is located in returning to El Salvador these guerrillas were of our annual consumption of just over 6 western Guatemala and led by Rodrigo As slated to serve as lea.ders for a force of 2,000 billion barrels of crude oil. turias, a. former FAR member. Asturias re newly trained Salvadorruis representing the A price hike of $5 a barrel siphons $20 portedly has visited Cuba on several occa "Popular Militia" of the FPL-dominated Pop billion out of consumers' pockets even if sions a.nd his group wa.s invited to attend ular Revolutionary Bloc. By late March, half there is simply a dollar-for-dollar pass Cuba's revolutionary celebrations in January. of the FPL guerrillas sent to Cuba had re through of crude oil costs. There is some evidence to suggest that the turned home and were working with units It is not hard to come up with much Cubans may be willing to take a more direct of the "Popular Militia." larger numbers: if OPEC prices rise another role in counseling Guatemalan insurgents. Cuba has also had links with at least one of $5 (to roughly $23 a barrel) at the same According to a reliable source, in late Febru the two smaller Salvadoran terrorist groups, time that U.S. price decontrol is gaining ary representatives of the EGP offered the the Armed Forces of the National Resistance momentum, the gross "oil drag" would be services of three Cuban "experts" to work in (FARN). Eduardo Sancho Castaneda-re about $42 billion by the end of 1980 (as Guatemala with the FAR and PGT dissidents portedly the FARN's leading strategist-has compared with the end of 1978). to "coordinate" the assassinations of several apparently been his organization's chief con NET DRAG OF $30 BILLION government security officials. The source said duit to the Cubans. He has maintained regu that some Guatemalan insurgent leaders op lar contact with Cuban officials in Costa Rica Since only about 30 percent of these vast posed this plan, and we have no evidence to and Mexico and has occasionally traveled to proceeds would return to the U.S. income confirm that the Cubans have attempted to Cuba.. stream in the form of OPEC payments for follow through on the reported offer. U.S. exports or added dividends and invest The Cuba.ns-to the best of our knowl For some time the Cubans have also been ments, the net drag on consumers would edge-->have not been involved in Central pushing for greater cooperation between the still be about $30 bi111on. America in assisting local groups to carry El Salvadoran Communist Party and the vari As every motorist knows, prices at the gas out political a.sa.ssina.tions a.t lea.st in the ous insurgent groups. For example, in Oc pump have been rising with a vengeance, far recent pa.st. Nonetheless, the Castro regime tober 1977 Raul Garcia Pelaez-at that time faster than the price of underlying crude. contends that in some circumstances the use the member of the Secretariat of the Cuban Gasoline prices have led the way to a hair of counterterrorism is a legitimate weapon Communist Party in charge of relations with raising 65 percent annual rate of increase in in the effort to promote the cause of revolu foreign Communist Parties--reportedly said fuel prices from February to May (and 48 tion, and it may well beldeve that the cur that Cuba. was trying to promote the unifica percent from November to May). rent situa.tion in Gua.tema.la justifies such tion of the El Salvador Communist Party and So instead of weighing in as the peak of a.n a.pproach. the Popular Liberation Forces and to induce the 1975-79 expansion, the quarter ending The Cubans have also worked ha.rd to the Communists to adopt a policy of open in this week is ushering in the 1979 recession: encourage the orthodox faction of the surrection against the government. Personal Soggy retail sales in April and May ( 4 per Guatemalan Communist Party (PGT) to antipathy between the leaders of the FPL cent below 1978's fourth quarter rate in real lend its support to local insurgent groups. and the local Communist Party, as well as terms) reflect consumers who a.re suffering In early January Ricardo Rosales, the Secre disagreements regarding the means and from inflation, growing debt, the oil drag, tary-General of the PGT, visited Cuba where timing of staging a revolution in El Salvador and gas pains. he met with Vice President for Foreign have continued to prevent any meaningful Dropping housing starts tell us that dlsin Affairs Carles Ra.fa.el Rod:rriguez-who speaks cooperation between these two groups, how termedlation and sky-high costs of credit, for a group within the Cuban leadership ever.e land, and construction are getting to the that tends to take a softer line on the residential sector at la.st-by the fourth primacy of guerrilla warfare. Rodriguez quarter, it will be running almost $25 bil blamed divisions among the PGT, the EGP, RECESSION, OIL AND TAX POLICY lion below the year-earlier rates. and the FAR for weakening the Gua.tema.lan Government purchases, responding to the revolutionary effort and asked Rosales tax-and-budget-cutting forces abroad in the to oe>ordinate his party's activities wdth land, are rising only mildly. those of the insurgents. Stating tha.t he HON. JOHN BRADEMAS Inventories, especially big cars, have been agreed with the PGT's promotion of the OF INDIANA backing up and are en route to liquidation peaceful route to power by organizing the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES later in 1979. workers and students and by participa.ting in elections, Rodriquez also emphasized the Monday, July 9, 1979 The boomlet in commercial and industrial need for Gua.tema.la.n leftists to employ all construction-while highly visible and wel forms of activity to achieve a successful e Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, one come-is proving to be no match for the revolution. of the most respected economists in the downdrafts in other economic sectors. And new orders for non-defense capital goods The Cubans clearly feel no urgency in United States is Walter W. Heller, re have been falling. promoting revolutionary a.otivity in Guate gents' professor of economics at the Uni mala.; rather, their efforts seem designed to versity of Minnesota and former Chair That's the bad news. The good news is prepare local insurgent groups for the long man of the Council of Economic Advis that the 1979 recession, while generated by haul. At the meeting in Guatemala City in much the same forces a.s the 1973-74 reces late January the Cubans reportedly urged. ers under Presidents Kennedy and sion-soaring food and energy prices, and the EGP, FAR, and PGT dissidents to have Johnson. tightening monetary-fiscal policy-will be pa.tience and not expect immediate progress I insert at this point in the RECORD far less severe and prolonged: in the struggle against the government. The the text of a most thoughtful article by The 1978-79 food price jump and on drag nature of Cuban training of Guatemalan Dr. Heller, "Recession, Oil and Tax Pol are roughly half as big as in 1973-74. guerrillas also reflects a la.ck of U11!'ency. For icy," which was published in the Wall Policymakers are not about to dismiss the example, according to an EGP dccument Street Journal of June 27, 1979: current downturn as merely "an energy ca.utured in January 1978, members of guer spasm," a "phantom recession," or a "side rllla tea.ms who a.re trained in Cuba live and RECESSION, OIL AND TAX POLICY ways wafiling," to quote the standard offi work together for as long a.s a year before (By Walter W. Heller) cialese of 1974. reentering Guatemala.. to ensure that they OPEC ha.s done it again. The U.S. recession The 1979 economy has had no speculatlve will be able to cooperate effectively once is under way. binge in inventories, no big overhang of they are in the field. The U.S. economy that was programmed housing, no painful liquidity squeeze to EL SALVADOR for slowdown via restrictive monetary and atone for as in 1974-75. While Havana has in the past given less fiscal policy has been tippd into early re Continued strong family formation and attention to El Salva.dor than to Nicaragua. cession by the new $20 billion "oil tax" that hedging against inflation should keep the or Guatemala., Cuban activities with Salva OPEC is levying on American consumers. housing downturn within far more moder doran insurgents have recently been on the Zooming prices of food and housing, coupled ate bounds than the sickening drop from upswing. The castro regime's interest in El with a. miserable productivity performance, 2.4 million to 900,000 housing starts the last Salvador has doubtless quickened as dt has have also ta.ken their toll on consumer buy time a.round. observed the spiraling violence a.nd growing ing power. But even before this week's meet Large commitments for commercial and political polarization there, and Cuba's ing in Geneva, OPEC put on the clincher: industrial construction and new utility wlllingness to lend support has presumably a 35 percent price jump since December or plants can also be a signiflcant sustaining increased because of the demonstrated seven times the boost that was forecast when factor. willingness of the various guerrilla groups to the economic strategy for a soft landing was But even it the recession is neither deep cooperate in a.t lea.st an informal a.Ilda.nee. put in place la.st fall. nor long-lived, policy is plunged into a July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17681 painful dilemma by an economy that is inflation. Do I really believe that water (From the Booton Sunday Globe, July 1, weaker and an inflation that is stronger will run uphill? I can only respond that, 1979J than anticipated. Should we stay on an un leaving personal preferences a.side, one SEARCH FOR AN ENERGY POLICY: 1-A PLAN yielding course of tight money and budget must acknowledge that the political topog FOR ACTION ary stringency to press the fight against in ra.phy has changed. Political advantage It is time to come to our senses. The gaso flation, bolster the dollar and respond to now seems to lie as much or more in a suc line lines, the frantic search for an open the country's budget-balancing mood, or cessful assault on inflation as in all-out station, the confusion, the tension, the dis should policy yield a little--or more than a war on unemployment. ruption: These a.re more than realities; they little-by easing credit, lowering interest But moderation must not be carried to a.re also symptoms of a problem that tran i.i.tes and enacting moderate tax cuts to the point of imprudence. A formula. for scends the present and transcends oil. Lrnnt the imp a.ct of the OPEC oil tax? monetary-fiscal restriction that was de As private individuals, we have been de In answering that vexing question, poli signed for a soft landing is no longer ap ceived. by government and industry into be cymakers are operating under significant propriate for an economy undergoing a lieving the promise of infinite plenty. With constraints that were not present in 1974. hard landing. More explicitly, the policy no one to tell us otherwise, we have con Take monetary policy. True, Chairman formula that made sense prior to OPEC's tinued to guzzle every energy prOduct we Miller projects an activist role for Federal price hikes hardly makes the same sense could set our hands on. Reserve policy in this recession. In a re after an unexpected $15 billion to $20 billion In public life, there has been a failure of cent interview, he stated that "we should a year-and perhaps double that by the the elemental purposes of government-com leave fiscal policy on automatic pilot and end of next year-is being drained out ot munication, leadership and action. let any mid-course correction be led by the marketplace. In corporate life, the normal course of monetary policy." He emphasizes the ability If it turns out that substantially easier business has operated to the detriment of of the Fed to move quickly and to reverse money is ruled out by the need to defend the national interest. itself as the economy recovers from recession. the dollar, a relentless pursuit of a bal It's not just the Ayatollah's fault; it's not But that seems to leave out the "X fac anced-budget goa.l for 1981 will surely be just James Schlesinger's fa.ult; it's not just tor"-the external and exchange-rate fac self-defeating. Unless the impact of some Congress' fault; it's not just the oil com tor-in monetary policy. The dollar is a lot $55 billion of added tax and tax-like levies panies' fault. more vulnerable than five yea.rs ago. And in 1978-79 is cushioned biy fiscal or mone In the real, multiple-choice world of en la.st November l, Messrs. Carter and tary action, fiscal policy will be too restriic ergy, the answer is: All of the above. Miller ma.de an unprecedented pledge to tive, the recession will deepen, and deeper To make matters worse, we a.re at Odds manage domestic economic policies so as to deficits will be the order of the day. with ourselves even over the nature of the stabilize the dollar. As the White House and Congress con present mess. The popular verdict clearly In recent weeks, there has been a drop template tax cuts in the face of a base or favors the notion of contrived conspiracy over that of genuine shortage. of 2Y2 percent in the trade-weighted value of core inflation rate that is nearing 9 per the dollar in international exchange markets. cent--half a.gain as high as the rate in our Unfortunately, evidence exists that feeds That weakening is largely laid at the door last recovery from recession-high priority the suspicion. Until it is confronted, peopl., of shrinking differentials in interest rates should be given to measures that reduce cannot be expected to look beyond the gas as foreign central banks tighten credit in consumer prices and business costs while in lines to the larger, far more serious problem. response to rising oil prices. And U.S. in creasing take-home pay and business incen It is a fact that for most of this year Amer flation is hardly reassuring to dollar hold tives. One thinks of payroll tax cuts, tax ican refineries have been running at a.bout ers. Under the November 1 pledge, how much reductions conditioned on wage moderation 85 percent of capacity, including periods freedom does the Fed have to ease money (TIP). buy-outs of state sales taxes, and when crude oil supplies were above 1978 and lower interest rates if this situation more liberal depreciation. Old ideas? Per levels. continues? haps. But a new and more compelling envi In other words, there was crude oil around Or take the constraints on fiscal policy. ronment. that wasn't getting refined. Responding to relentless inflation and the ilt is also a fact that there is panic in It is too late to adjust energy policy to places like Boston but no worry yet in places country's turn toward fiscal conservatism, defeat the oil cartel and beat back its huge the White House and Congress have fore like Albuquerque. The fa.ct that some areas price increases. But it is not too la.te to suffer while others prosper makes absurd on sworn tax cuts in 1979-80 and pledged a consider midcourse corrections in our fis balanced budget by fiscal 1981. Earlier this its face the idea that there is a national cal-monetary game plan to minimize dam crisis in gasoline supplies. For this we can month, Budget Director Mcintyre pro age to the U.S. economy.e jected a $28 billion deficit for 1980 and ex thank the federal government's indefensible pressed hopes for a small budget surplus in allocation system, which operates on the ln 1981. equit.a.ble principle that the more gasolinP. you used last year, the more you deserv"" It is sobering to recall what recession now. did to President Ford's hopes for balancing SEARCH FOR AN ENERGY PLAN PARTS 1AND2 Let the oil companies reply that they were the budget by fiscal 1976. It shattered those merely respo:::i.ding prudently, as business hopes with a $66 billion deficit (in a $1.6 should, to a highly volatile situation by being trillion economy). That is equivalent to a conservative in their crude oil refining. Let staggering $103 billion deficit in terms of HON. JOE MOAKLEY the government reply that it was only carry 1980 GNP (projected at $2.5 trillion). Even OF MASSACHUSETl'S ing out regulatory law. with a mild recession and no tax cuts, the The fact remains that the normal course deficit could easily soar to $40 billion or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more next year. of corporate and government business trans Monday, July 9, 1979 formed a. problem-the temporary loss of all But does a no-tax-cut stance mPke eco Iran's oil exports and the permanent loss of nomic sense in the face of some $55 billion •Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, the prob more than one-third-into a crisis. of added tax or tax-like levies during 1979- lems of energy dominate our everyday Beyond decrying these outrages, we as a 80: life. To come to grips with these prob nation need to face some facts. An OPEC net "oil tax" of nearly $30 billion. lems, Congress will have to ask hard Here is a number from the oil industry An "inflation tax" of about $16 blllion as questions and make difficult energy-re that not even its most severe critics chal inflation pumps money income into higher lated decisions. it is clear the decisions lenge. In late June, this country had 331 mil income tax brackets. we make now will set the stage for our lion barrels of crude oil on hand, which is 5 Payroll tax increases of $10 billion (fol million less than the figure a year ago. Bwt lowed by a whopping $15 billion jump in future supply. demand is up, not down. 1981). What should we do to limit OPEC im Here 1s another number, similarly unchal This is not to suggest that our 1979 re ports, conserve our domestic resources, lenged: In the same period, stocks of gaso cession will--or should---rtrigger a massive and how best to develop alternative en line amounted to a.bout 227 million barrels, program of stimulus, even in an eleotion ergy sources, will all be facing this Con 3 million less than the figure for a year a.go. yea.r. As already suggested, both the eco gress. We will have to address the future But the demand is, up not down. nomic configuration-the persistence of roles of nuclear energy and coal as well. And here is a final, accepted statistic: In high inflation coupled with U.S. commit late June, stocks of the fuel category that ments to stabilize a vulnerable dolla.r-e.nd Last week, the Boston Globe ran a se includes home heating oil totaled about 135 the more conservative political configura ries of eight editorials in which they ex million barrels, which is barely half the na tion point to moderation in policies for re amined our Nation's search for an en tion's needs for the heating sea.son that be newed expa:ision. The U.S. economic loco ergy policy and today I would like to gins in just a few months. Again, demand motive will not go roaring out of the station. share with my colleagues the first two is expected to be up, not down. parts of this useful energy outlook. Over There is a word for such a. phenomenon A CHANGE IN POLITICS shortage. That is what we have, a shol'lta.ge. That seems to contra.diet history, the the next few days, I will insert the other Given present policy and consumption political-economic cycle, and the cllche segments of the Globe series for the ben trends, it will continue. What is more. it will that election years breed expansdon-e.nd efit of my colleagues. get progressively worse, with no end in sight. 17682 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 At this point, some Americains, not all of March in a report to Presdient Jimmy Car sources, primarily solar, but also including them poor, will exchange their place in the ter that the level of imports (then at prices wood and hydro-electric power. gasoline line for one in the unemployment at a third less than they are now) is a Our collective problem with energy is ex line. threTitanium shrouds livery vehicles, that kill people and de even greater than those of the Soviets. were placed on top of the missile cones, stroy military and industrial targets. Total cost of the NS-20 guidance im to resist the forces of electromagnetic ICBM' S AND GUIDANCE SYSTEMS provement program: $150 million 12_ pulse (EMP) from high air-burst nu Two factors determine the Effective several orders of magnitude cheaper than clear explosions, which could otherwise ness of a nuclear force : First, the num building 'l. new missile, although the im severely damage the missile's guidance ber of warheads-that is, how many provement in force-effectiveness is com and communications systems.1 s targets can the force cover--second, the parable. The silo upgrade strengthened the lethality of those warheads-that is, The near future will bring still greater blast resistance of Minuteman silos from with what probability can the weapons lethality to the Minuteman III force. 300 to 2,000 pounds-per-square-inch destroy particular targets. Over the next 2 years, the Mk-12 war (psi) of transient atmospheric overpres It is true that the United States has heads on 300 of the Minuteman Ill's will sure.10 The Titan II missiles, however, re not developed a single new ICBM since be replaced by the Mk-12A. While adding main at 300 psi, and there are no plans the Minuteman III of 1970; and true, a mere 35 pounds to the 2,000-pound to upgrade them. By the mid-1980's, that missile is a modification of the throw-weight on the Minuteman m, the these silos will once again be vulnerable, Minuteman II, deployed in 1966, which Mk-12A will nearly double the explosive as Soviet missile accuracy improves. We is, in turn, an upgrade of the Minuteman yield of each warhead, from 170 to 335 have nearly reached the limits of silo I, first fielded in 1962 and now no longer kilo-tons.13 This very small conversion hardness; in any event, additional up in operation.n will improve kill-probability against grading would be highly expensive and, There are more ways to improve a hardened targets still further-from 55 ultimately, not very usefu1.20 force, however, than merely by building to 70 percent.u Still, implementing the silo upgrade new missiles. Finally, by the early- to mid-1980's, program-total cost: $1.4 billion 2 1-de For example, the Minuteman III is the NS-20 will probably be improved, layed Minuteman vulnerability for at basically the same as the Minuteman II, through further testing and refinement, least 6 years, and thereby mitigated the except for its top stage; but in terms of to reach its theoretical degree of accu counterforce capabilities of the Soviet effectiveness it is hardly different from racy-about 490 feet CEP.15 Thus, those ICBM force. TABLE 3.-Current Soviet SS-18 (MOD 4) a new missile. The old 1.2 megaton ICBM's with Mk-12A warheads will have si ngle-shot kill-probability, per warhead, single warhead of the II was replaced on an 83 percent chance of destroying the against U.S. Minuteman III silo the 550 Minuteman ill's, by a postboost hardest of Soviet missile silos in a single Without Silo Upgrade (300 psi)------O. 93 vehicle containing three independently shot. Those Minuteman III's with the With Silo Upgrade (2000 psi)------.59 targetable CMIRV) warheads, each with older Mk-12 warheads will achieve 70 Same assumptions as Table 1. greater accuracy than the single war percent single-shot kill-prob'l.bilities.1 6 Another aspect of the silo upgrade pro head of the Minuteman II. During this time it is certain that the gram-included in the $1.4 billion cost- Since then, the inertial guidance on Soviets will be improving the accuracy was the command data buffer system, the Minuteman III has been modified to of their guidance systems for the SS-18 which allows command authorities to provide still greater accuracy. This is sig Mod 4 and the SS-19 Mod 1 Variant. Yet nificant since the probability of destroy- the improvement in force-effectiveness, Footnotes at end of article. July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17685 rapidly retarget ICBM's-a single m.ts As President Carter said at the news greater defense capability than a cheap sile in less than 25 minutes, the entire conference dealing with his B-1 an one. Minuteman force in about 10 hours.23 The nouncement, At the same time, ALCM improves the advantages of this fast digital computer I think 1! I had looked upon the B-1 as bomber fleet's ability to destroy very system are impossible to quantify, but simply a bargaining chip !or the Soviets, hardened targets. Utilizing a terrain can be illustrated. In the past, if an then my decision would have been to go contour-matching was measures-Spain, to sea and into the air. It is useful, there tial deployment in 1982 and fitted onto and substantially reducing any pos fore, to compare near future and longer all B-52G's and H's by 1986. The pro sibility that some hypothetical Soviet term future forces on the basis of how gram will improve navigational accuracy breakthrough in antisubmarine warfare many survive on a normal alert, and by more than 40 percent, double the technology could endanger them. The what those surviving forces can do. overall system reliability from 0.4 to 0.8, added range expands the area of ocean from which our subs can operate by a TABLE 6.-U.S. SLBM FORCE-EFFECTIVENESS, NORMAL and improve the bomber's defense elec 2 ALERT tronics and jamming techniques for factor of 20.' thwarting and confusing Soviet air The Trident I increases the probability Kill-prob that an SLBM can destroy a somewhat ability defenses.39 aga in -. t reinforced industrial structure from 88 Percent War- reinforced Taraets In other words, without producing a to 98 percent.'3 Thus, although the num on heads/ industrial de- new bomber at all, the performance of ber of warheads on Poseidon boats will SLBM 's station SLBM taraets strayed the B-52's against even hard targets be reduced by 384 with the introduction 1982: simply by virtue of the advanced avi Poseidon . __ _ 304 0. 55 10 0. 88 1, 471 of Trident I missiles-from 4,960 to Trident'---- 192 . 55 8 . 98 827 onics, ignoring the effects of SRAM's 4,576-the actual capabilities-the num improves as follows: ber of reinforced industrial targets that Total. . . • ....•• •• ____ •. __ •• •• ______• • •• ___ __ 2, 298 TABLE 4 .-B-52 single-shot kill-probabili ty the SLBM's can destroy-will be reduced 1992: against Soviet silo (2500 psi) Trident'---- 288 .66 8 . 98 1 486 only slightly. Trident 11.... 96 . 66 14 . 999 '890 Without avionics upgrade______.61 TABLE 5 With avionics upgrade______.97 Total. • ..•••••. . •..••.. ______•• __ __ •• ___ 2, 376 Kill Derived mathematically from current in proba- Assumptions are same as table 5, except that Trident II= telligence estimates. Calculations ignore the bility 14X150 KT warheads; cep-0.05 nm. attrition rate of penetrating bombers. agn. re which, even with improved defense elec War inforced Sources : Same as table 6, plus "New Propellant Evaluated heads/ industr. Targets for Trident 2d Stage, " Aviation Week and Space Technology tronics, would reduce these figures dra SLBM 's SLBM targets destroyed 9ct. _13, 1~75 , p. 16; Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere-type matically. Air-launched cruise missiles have 1nert1al guidance system assumed for Trident II. about the same kill-probabi11ty as a bomber Current: Poseidon . ___ __ 496 10 0.88 4, 365 As the table shows, the smaller force with enhanced avionics, but have a much Polaris. ______160 1 . 94 150 higher chance of surviving against Soviet air of 384 Trident SLBM's in 1992 destroys defenses. Tota'------4, 515 more targets than the 496 mix of Posei dons and Trident I's of 1982, if the So In short, the B-52's are getting better, 1982 : due to advanced electronics and, espe Poseidon • •• • __ 304 10 . 88 2, 676 viets catch our forces on normal alert. cially, the development of long-range, Trident I • ••• __ 192 8 . 98 1, 505 This is due, in part, to the higher yield and accuracy of the mixed force of the air-launched cruise missiles. The deci Total. •.. ------4, 181 sion to kill the B-1 was not an act of early 1990's and, in part, to the higher unilateral restraint, meant to evoke Rus Assumptions : Poseidon = 10X40 KT warheads; cep-0.3 percentage of Trident subs, as compared nautical miles (nm). Polaris Polaris=3X200 KT warheads, not with Poseidons, that can remain on sta sian reciprocation, but rather a saga independently targetable, so counted as 1 X600 KT; cep-0.5 tion at any one time-66 versus 55 per cious response to a developing Soviet air nm. Trident I = 8Xl00 KT warheads; cep-0.25 nm. cent."'! defense threat and a simple, sensible Sources : Congressional Budget Office, Retaldory Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Force, June 1978, pp. 6- 7; Justin This assessment, furthermore, under recognition of new technological options Galen, "Taking the FY 80 Force Plan at Face Value," Armed for the United States. Forces Journal International, June 1979, p. 36; calculated on estimates the capabilities of the 1992 THE SUBMARINES: DWINDLING SLBM' S? D.C. Kephart, Damage Probability Computer for Point Targets force, because planners may want to with P and Q Vulnerability Numbers.(Santa Monica : RAND Corp. , strike, with SLBM's, targets much hard The best case of alleged U.S. "uni February 1974), and Kephart, "VNTK ad justment monograph for Q-type targets." ) er than those postulated here. For ex lateral restraint" can be made using the ample, suppose that the SLBM's are re SLBM force. The problem here is one of This slight reduction and the disap quired to destroy industrial targets of block obsolescence. The last of the final pearance of the Polaris boats do not seem much harder reinforcement-say, 100- 10 Polaris submarines will be retired in to bother Defense Department officials. psi blast-resistant. The Trident I/Tri 1982. Poseidon submarines will start Something that the above table obscures dent II force is still more capable even turning 25 years old-the normal retire is that, if Pentagon planners want with far fewer warheads, than the Po ment age for nuclear subs-in the late SLBM's to destroy much harder targets, seidon/Trident I mix in carrying out 1980's, and will all reach the quarter the Trident I will be vastly superior to such a strategy. c~ntury mark by 1992. At that point, the Poseidon or Polaris missiles, due to given the planned production rate of its larger yield and greater accuracy. As TABLE 7.-SLBM FORCE-EFFECTIVENESS, NORMAL ALER Trident submarines, there will be only Harold Brown notes in his fiscal year Kill- 384 submarine-launched ballistic mis 1980 posture statement: proba- siles, down 41 percent from the 656 of The capab111ty of the Trident I missile will Per- bility today.4° help to offset the reduction in SLBM launch cent aan. Tar- ers ... by increasing the effectiveness of on- War- 100 p.s.i. 11ets At first glance, this appears to con: sta- headM industr. de- stitute a grave attrition of our forces. the remaining submarinesf4 SLBM 's ti on SLB taraets strayed But what counts is not just the number The big danger that many foresee will 1982: of missiles, but-more importantly not arise until the late 1980's and early Pose idon . _•• 304 0. 55 10 o. 60 1, 003 what tlhey can do. 1990's, when the entire Poseidon force is Trident I. ... 192 . 55 8 . 71 600 It is useful here to explore what hap phased out. The nadir point is reached Total. _..••. •.. __ .... ______•• _____ .______1, 603 pens to SLBM capability over the next in 1992, when the entire SLBM force will 1992 : dozen years. consist of only 384 Trident missiles."' Trident I. . .. 288 . 66 8 . 71 1, 080 Beginning next year and continuing By that time, according to current pro Trident 11.. •. 96 . 66 14 • 999 886 Total. ______through 1982-in other words, at about duction schedules, we would have 16 Tri 1, 966 the same time as the Polaris boats are dent subs, each with 24 launch tubes. The phased out--Trident I missiles will be last four, those deployed in 1990-92, will Assumptions same as table 6. retrofitted onto 12 of the 31 Poseidon be loaded with Trident II missiles.'6 Un- If missile silos were among the targets, July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17687 only the 1992 force would produce signif have, and far more cheaply; that, con Damage Probability Computer for Point Tar trary to the claims of many doomsayers gets with P and Q Vulnerability Numbers icant results. (Santa Monica: RAND Corp., February 1974), In short, the period of "decline" in the in the business of defense analysis, we and Dr. Kephart's "VNTK adjustment mono SLBM force most feared-the late 1980's have hardly been engaging in "unilateral graph for P-type targets," provided by author. and early 1990's-turns out, in fact, to be restraint" or "unilateral disarmament." 1 ~ Cost i:Uor.::!!ation supplied by D<>D, June a period of resurgence in its overall force We have hardly been standing still. 1979. 13 FOOTNOTES "New Lease of Life for Minutema.n"; effectiveness against hardened targets. House Armed Services Committee, Authoriza CONCLUSION 1 Bridget Gail, " ... 'Beyond Cavil, for the tion Hearings, FY 1979, Pt. 3, Bk. 1, p . 307; Russians Will Surely Cavil': An Interview There has been no attempt here to as Senate Armed Services Committee, Authori with Ambassador Robert F. Ellsworth," zation Hearings, FY 1979, Pt. 9, p. 6541. This sess whether all the strategic programs Armed Forces Journal International, June casts some doubt on the argument advanced and "improvements" discussed in this 1979, p. 54. primarily by Paul Nitze, that throw-weight is 2 New York Times, January 21, 1979, p. E5 paper are necessary. Issues of deterrence, the crucial indicator of strategic force-effec strategy and force-effectiveness must, (advertisement). ti veness. 3 "Weighing SALT," New York Daily News, obviously, be linked to requirements con H See la.st reference in Note 11. cerning the targets that must be de June 20, 1979. •Committee on the Present Danger, Is .w Clarence Robinson, "MX Basing Delay stroyed, how much destruction is America Becoming Number 2: Current Trends Threatens SALT Ratification," Aviation Week "enough,'' and what levels of confidence in the US-Soviet Military Balance, October 5, & Space Technology, November 20, 1978, p. in their destruction are sufficient. 1978, p. 12. 22. For example, if it were judged that de 6 Coalition for Peace Through Strength, An 16 See last reference in Note 11. stroying urban centers or most industrial Analysis of SALT II (Wash., D.C.: American 17 When the U.S. installed the NS-20, and facilities or most nonsilo military tar Security Council, 1979). p. 12. when it will soon add the Mk-12A warhead, o CIA, A Dollar Cost Comparison of Soviet the effectiveness of each warhead vastly in gets was "enough," there would be no and US Defense Activities, 1968-78, Janu creases, but the number o! warheads re need for many of the new developments ary 1979, pp. 5-7. If Soviet peripheral-nu mains the same. When, on the other hand, the United States has undertaken in clear and strategic defensive costs are in the Soviets converted their older ICBM's to ICBM, bomber or submarine technology. cluded, they have outspent us, in dollars, by new ones, not only did the warhead lethality Accuracy is not particularly important 2 Y2 times in the past decade. rise considerably, so did the number of war for these sorts of missions; nor are ex 1 The Military Balance, 1978-1979 (London: heads. Assuming SALT II constraints and International Institute for Strategic Studies, assuming that they build their warhead plosive yields much larger than those on count up to the maximum number allowed presently deployed systems. If reinforced 1978), pp. 82-83; SALT II Agreement (Memo randum of Understanding . . . Regarding the by the Treaty, the Soviets would have 5,752 industrial facilities were to be the sole Establishment of a Data. Base on the Numbers ICBM warheads, as compared with the 820 on targets of our strategy, the NS-20 guid of Strategic Offensive Arms), June 18, 1979, those missiles that the SS-17 /-18/-19s re ance system, the Mk-12A warhead, and official State Dept. document, p. 49. pla<:e, and they could destroy 4,333 targets o! some of the offensive avionics improve 8 Harold Brown, DoD, Annual Report, Fis 2000-psi hardness, as compared with the 122 ments on the B-52 bombers would be su cal Year 1980, p. 71; and derived from SALT that the SS-9s and -lls could knock out. perfluous; the accura-cy of the NS-17, II Agreement, p. 49. Two points should be made, however. First, the yield of the Mk-12, and the present 9 Deployment dates from The Military Bal there a.re only a.bout 1,000 very hard (2,000 ance, 1974-1975 (London: International In psi) targets in the United States. Even 1! accuracy of B-52 navigation systems stitute for Strategic Studies, 1974), p. 73. the Soviets aim two of their warheads at would be adequate in most cases. lo A nominal expression !or hard-target ea.ch one o! these targets, in order to improve It is quite clear, however, that the De kill-capability, or missile "Lethality," has the chances of destruction, their new mis fense Department emphasizes, increas been mathematically defined as Y2/3/CEP2 sile build-up is larger than it need be for ingly these day~r at least with in where Y=yield o! weapon in mega.tons; and this mission. In other words, it is misleading creasing openness-that destroying hard CEP=distance, in nautical miles, within to say they can now destroy 35 times as which a. warhead is expected to land from many ha.rd targets as compared with the days targets, particularly those of military its target 50 % of the time. The gist of this of the SS-9 and SS-11, because there are not value, is a crucial requirement in strate that many ha.rd targets in the U.S. (If we 9 formula is that doubling accuracy gives the gic planning.' There is much that is du same increment in lethality as multiplying go a.head and build a. multiple-protective 50 bious about such a targeting strategy; yield by eight times. See Kosta. Tsipis, Offen structure basing scheme !or the MX mis but for the purpose of this analysis, the sive Missiles (Stockholm International Peace sile, however, we will make these Soviet war assumptions of DOD planners have been Research Institute, 1974), p. 16. heads-superfluous for counterforce pur adopted. The point of this essay is that, 11 "New Lease of Life for Minuteman," poses-useful a.gain.) in terms of the requirements of these Flight International, September 9, 1978; Jus Second, the U.S. has been far more cost tin Galen, "The Party Line: Taking the FY80 efjective .J.n its weapons immprovements. For strategic assumptions-the destruction Force Plans at Face Value," Armed Forces each additional target that we are able to of hard targets-the United States has Journal International, June 1979, p . 36; House hit by the mid-1980s, we are paying a. fairly been "advancing" in a rather dramatic Armed Services Committee, Authorization small sum of money: $1.2 million; for ea.ch way over the past decade; that we have Hearings, FY 1979, Pt. 3, Bk. 1, p . 307. Damage extra target they can destroy, the Soviets been doing so just as much as the Soviets probabilities calculated on D.C. Kephart, a.re paying $5.9 million, 5 times as much. (Dollar amounts in millions) Cost ratio Sito-kills/ Silos killed Cost per U.S.S.R.: ICB M's Warheads warhead Silos killed (Bx)-(A) Cost of (B) extra silo killed United States (A) MM 111.. ______550 1, 650 0. 19 314 ______-- ______----______(B) MMlll (198!>) : lmpr. NS-20______250 750 . 70 525 ------lmpr.+Mk-12A. ____ ------______300 900 • 83 747 ------__ ------____ ------____ ------__ ------__ ------~ Total •• ______-- ____ .. ______--______--____ ---- __ -- 1, 272 958 $1, 150 $1.2 ------(A) SS-9·------308 308 • 28 86 ------. ------SS-IL______512 512 • 07 Total ______-- __ 1~~ ======~ ======(B) SS-18, Mod-4 (1985) ...... ------308 3, 080 . 82 2, 526 ------SS-19, Mod-1 Var (1985) ______312 1, 872 • 82 SS-17 -- ______---- __ -- __ -- ____ -- 200 800 . 34 1, m======Total ..... ______--______----.. ------4, 333 4, 211 24, 870 5. 9 4. 9:1 Assumptions: Onlr. SS- 9's and ll's to be converted to SS-17/18/19 were counted for commen R.D.T. & E. for warhead is $136 million (supplied by DOE, 6/79); total costs in MX program of surability; all SS-18 s are by 1985 converted into Mod 4's with higher accuracy and 10 warheads, construction design and DOE warhead are $1.4 billion (GAO, Indecision and Uncertainty Exist in and that all SS-19's are Mod 1-Variants with higher accuracy; SALT II in effect; U.S. silos are the Development of an Advanced ICBM Weapon System, Feb. 8, 1979, p. 45 (unclassified page)). 2,000 p.s.i., Soviet silos 2,500 p.s.i. Cost of construction design is $600 million (DOD, 6/79). Therefore, cost of warhead is the differ ence-$800 million. This is for 2,000 warheads of MX plan. Cost of 900 warheads for Minuteman 111 Sources: Silo·kill probability mathematically derived from latest intelligence estimates of yield must, therefore, be $360 million. Thus, total cost of Mk-12A is $1 billion. If the Soviets used only and accuracy. Cost of NS-20 ($150 million) obtained from DOD, June 1979. Cost of SS- 17 /-18/-19 1,219 of these warheads against 2,000 p.s.i. targets, and used the rest against the 1,000 p.s.1. ($3.75, $10.26, and $7.86 billion, respectively, through 1982, plus an additional $1 billion each targets of an MPS system, they would kill 5,261 targets, or 5,139 more than they could prior to the year from then to 1985), supplied by CIA Military Economic Analysis Center, June 1979. Cost of Ml RV deployment, for $4.8 million per target, still a 4 :1 cost-effectiveness ratio favoring the United Mk-12A calculated as follows: DOD costs for RV are $504 million (obtained from DOD); cost of States. 17688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979
1• "New Lease of Life for Minuteman"; in reliability on the Titan force over the scheduled, and any cancellations or Senate Armed Services Committee, op. cit., years . . . we have not suffered due to the changes in the meetings as they occur. Pt. 9, p. 6541; House Armed Services Com age of those systems as yet." (Emphasis added.) See House Armed Services Commit As an interim procedure until the mittee, op cit., Ft. 3, Bk. 1, pp. 307, 853-56. computerization of this information be rn "New Lease of life for Minuteman"; tee, op. cit., Pt. 3, Bk. 1, p. 198. "MX Deployment Urged for Parity," Avia :rr Bonner Day, "Making the B-52 Even comes operational, the omce of the Sen tion Week & Space Technology, December 5, Better," Air Force, February 1979, p. 36; ate Daily Digest will prepare this infor 1977, p. 13. Senate Armed Services Committee, Author mation for printing in the Extensions ization Hearings, FY 1980, Pt. 1, p. 359. !.'O The limits of silo hardening are be of Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL lieved to be 3000 psi. The difference between ::s Robert T. Pretty, ed., Jane's Weapon Sys RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of :woo and 3000 psi, in terms of vulnerab111ty tems 1976 (NY: Franklin Watts, 1976), pp. each week. to highly accurate nuclear warheads, is 147-48; Alton H. Quanbeck & Archie L. Wood, Any changes in committee scheduling minimal. See Kosta Tsipis, Nuclear Explosion Modernizing the Strategic Bomber Force (Wash., D.C.: Brookings, 1976), p. 30. will be indicated by placement of an Effects on Missile Silos (Cambridge, Mass.: asterisk to the left of the name of the MIT Center for International Studies, Febru an Senate Armed Services Committee, Au ary 1979). p. 67. thorization Hearings, FY 1979, Pt. 9, pp. unit conducting such meetings. Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, July 21 Cost information supplied by DoD, June 6820-22; House Armed Services Committee, 1979. op. cit., Pt. 3, Bk. l, p. 275; Benjamin M. 10, 1979, may be found in the Daily Digest Elson, "Bomb/ Nav Changes Key to B-52 Up 22 Donald Rumsfeld, DoD, Annual Report, of today's RECORD. date," Aviation Week & Space Technology, FY 1978, p. 124. Retargeting times will prob MEETINGS SCHEDULED ably be made still faster in the future. August 14, 1978, pp. 60-65; Robert M. Kochis, "New Missions, New Updates for B-52," Elec JULY 11 23 Maj. Gen. John K. Singlaub, "Peace 9:00 a.m. Through Strength," The Retired Officer, tronic Warfare/ Defense Electronics, April 1979, pp. 45-49. *Energy and Natural Resources July 1979, p. 21. • 0 Senate Armed Services Committee, Au Energy Resources and Materials Produc ::'"Kissinger's Critique," The Economist, thorization Hearings, FY 1980, Pt. 1, pp. 324, tion Subcommittee February 3, 1979, pp. 20-21. 329-30. To hold hearings on title 7, proposing ~;,President Jimmy Carter, News Confer 41 Senate Armed Services Committee, Au oil and gas leasing programs, of S. 1308, ence of June 30, 1977 (transcript). thorization Hearings, FY 1979, Ft. 2, p. 1029. to provide for the development of do 42 ~ · 1 Clarence Robinson, "Soviets Developing Congressional Budget-Office, Retaliatory mestic energy supplies. 2 Bombers, Extending Range of Backfire," Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Force, 1114 Dirksen Building Aviation Week & Space Technology, Febru June 1978, pp. 6-7: Clarence Robinson, "New Judiciary ary 19, 1979, p . 15. Propellant Evaluated for Trident Second Antitrust, Monopoly and Business Rights 27 Senate Armed Services Committee, Au Stage," Aviation Week & Space Technology, Subcommittee thorization Hearings, FY 1980, Pt. 1, p. 364. October 13, 1975; Senate Armed Services Business meeting, to mark up S . 1246, Committee, op. cit., Pt. 2, p. 1030; Justin to prohibit the growth of a monopoly 2s Coleman Rogers, "B-52 Role Facing Galen, "The Party Line," p. 36; Senate Armed power forming among major petrole Change: Cruise Missile Test Results," Mili Services Committee, Authorization Hearings, um companies, and to encourage oil tary Electronics/ Countermeasures, February FY 1980, Pt. l, p. 6682. Equivalent mega.ton companies to invest profits back into 1979, p . 106; Robinson, "Soviets Developing nage measures the area damaged by the blast oil exploration, research, and develop 2 Bombers, Extending Range of Backfire," of nuclear weapons, and ls defined as the ment. p . 15. yield raised to the two-thirds power for S-206, Capitol ~'ll Senate Armed Services Committee, op. weapons under one megaton, and the square 9:30 a .m. cit., Pt. 1, p . 306; "Perry Confirms Soviet root of yield for those over one megaton. •commerce, Science, and Transportation 4 Look-Down Tests," Aviation Week & Space 3 See last reference in Note 11. Aviation Subcommittee Technology, January l, 1979, p. 17; Kosta u Harold Brown, DoD, Annual Report, Fis To hold hearings on the certification and Tsipis, "Cruise Missiles," Scientific Amer cal Year 1980, p . 121. inspection procedures of the DC-10 5 ican, February 1977. ' Senate Armed Services Committee, O'[J . and other types of aircraft. 30 Senate Armed Services Committee, op. cit., pp. 329-30. 235 Russell Building cit., Pt. l, p. 398. 46 Ibid., information supplied by Navy Labor and Human Resources ai According to Dr. Perry of the Pentagon, liaison, June 1979. To hold hearings on the workplace, em this would involve buying 50-100 AWACS 41 Robinson, "New Propellant Evaluated for ployment and training and their per type aircraft, several thousand F-14/ 15 type Trident Second Stage," p. 16; Harold Brown, spectives thereon for the coming dec look-down shoot-down interceptors, and DoD, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1979, p. 114: ade, with a focus on the Federal role 500-1000 SA-10 surface-to-air missiles over Senate Armed Services Committee, Author in public sector employment and the next 10 years. Ph111p Klass, "Pentagon ization Hearings, FY 1979, Ft. 9, p. 6706; and training policies and programs. Analyzes Test of Tomahawk," Aviation Pt. 2, p. 1037. 4232 Dirksen Building Week & Space Technology, November 20, •s Senate Armed Services Committee, Au •veterans' Affairs 1978, p . 24. thorization Hearings, FY 1980, Pt. 1, p. 327. To hold oversight hearings on the efforts 32 "Perry Confirms Soviet Look-ck>wn 49 See especially Harold Brown, DoD, An made by the Veterans• Administration Tests," p. 17. nual Report, Fiscal Year 1980, pp. 74-81. to provide information on benefits due 33 Senate Armed Services Committee, Au so For example, does such a force posture incarcerated veterans. thorization Hearings, FY 1979, Pt. 2, pp. mean we are going for a first strike, or merely 5302 Dirksen Building 1003-04; Rogers, "B-52 Role Facing Change," to destroy the residual ICBMs and hardened Select on Ethics p . 107. command structure after a Soviet first strike? To continue hearings in conjunction If the latter, won't we be hitting a lot of with the investigation of Senator Tal ::.i Tsipis, "Cruise Missiles." By the mid- empty holes and wouldn't the Soviets likely madge's alleged abuse of certain finan 1980s, at least 120 B-52Gs will be loaded not cial reporting rules of the Senate. only with its regular pack of four gravity launch their remaining weapons on warning, once they detected highly accurate Ameri 5110 Dirksen Building bombs and eight SRAMs, but also 12 10:00 a .m. ALCMs each, for a total of 1440 additional can warheads coming over the horizon, there by doing even greater damage to U.S. ter Appropriations weapons. Eventually, the bombs and SRAMs Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov will be replaced totally by ALCMs in the ritory? These sorts of questions a.re posed e.11 too infrequently.e ernment Subcommittee B-52Gs, while the B-52Hs will still serve as To hold oversight hearings on the penetrators. (Gen. Richard Ellls, quoted in Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Fire Edgar Ulsamer, "Toward a New World Strat SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS arms, Department of the Treasury. egy," Air Force, January 1979, pp. 62-63; 1223 Dirksen Building and information supplied by Air Force, June Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed Energy and Natural Resources 1979.) to by the Senate on February 4, 1977, Energy Conservation and Supply Subcom 35 See, e.g., William Perry, DoD, The FY calls for establishment of a system for a mittee 1980 Department of Defense Program for computerized schedule of all meetings To hold oversight hearings to examine Research, Development and Acquisition, pp. and hearings of Senate committees, sub the programs of the rural electrifica Vl-11. tion administration. ""House Armed Services Committee, Au committees, joint committees, and com 3110 Dirksen Building thorization Hearings, FY 1979, Ft. 7, p. 100. mittees of conference. This title requires Financo The age factor in strategic weapons perform all such committees to notify the omce To continue hearings on proposed legis ance has been highly overrated. General Slay of the Senate Daily Digest-designated lation to impose a windfall profit tax has testified of the Titan II missile, first de by the Rules Committee--of the time, on domestic crude oil. ployed in 1961: " .. . we have gotten better place, and purpose of all meetings, when 2221 Dirksen Building 17689 July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10:00 a.m. to issue regulations to prohibit Fed Foreign Relations Environment and PUblic Works eral contracts from paying member To continue hearings on the proposed To hold hearings on proposed legisla ship dues for employees in private SALT II Treaty. clubs or organizations that practice 318 Russell Building tion to provide additional office space for the Judicial Branch of the Gov discrimination. (Exec. Order 11246) Governmental Affairs ernment. 5302 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 377 and 891, bills 4200 Dirksen Building Conferees to provide for the reorganization of the Finance On H.R. 3173, authorizing funds for fis Federal Government's international To continue hearings on proposed legis cal year 1980-81 for international se trade functions. lation to impose a windfall profit tax curity assistance programs. 3302 Dirksen Building on domestic crude oil. S-116, Capitol Joint Economic 2221 Dirksen Building Environment and PUblic Works To resume hearings to review economic Foreign Relations To hold hearings on certain proposed conditions and to discuss the future To continue hearings on the proposed building prospectuses. outlook for the economy emphasi.zing SALT n Treaty. 4200 Dirksen Building productivity. 318 Russell Building Rules and Administration 6226 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs To hold hearings on proposed amend 2:00 p.m. To resume hearings on S. 2, to provide ments to the Federal Election Cam Appropriations for a review of Government programs paign Act of 1971, and to consider To mark up H.R. 4388, making appropri every 10 years. other legislative and administrative ations for fiscal year 1980 for energy 3302 Dirksen Building business. and water resources development proj Joint Economic 301 Russell Building ects; H.R. 4387, making appropriations Energy Subcommittee 2:30 p.m. for fiscal year 1980 for the Department To hold hearings on the competitive Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of Agriculture; and H.R. 4389, making bidding for Government incentives to To continue oversight hearings to review appropriations for the Departments reduce oil imports. the authority of the Departme:..it of of Labor and Health, Education, and 5110 Dirksen Building Labor to issue regulations to prohibit Welfare. 10:30 a.m. S-128, Capitol Federal contracts from paying mem Appropriations bership dues for employees in priva.te JULY 12 Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov clubs or organizations that practice 8:00 a.m. ernment Subcommittee discrimination. (Exec. Order 11246). Budget To continue oversight hearings on the 5302 Dirksen Building To resume hearings in preparation for Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Fire reporting the second concurrent reso arms, Department of the Treasury. JULY 16 lution on the Congressional budget 1223 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. for fiscal year 1980. 2 :00p.m. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 6202 Dirksen Building Appropriations Environment, Soil Conservation, and For 9:00 a.m. To continue mark up of H.R. 4388, mak estry Subcommittee Select on Intelligence ing appropriations for fiscal year 1980 To hold oversight hearings on the impa.ct To hold closed hearings on issues rela for energy and water resources devel of proposed geothermal steam recovery tive to the SALT II Treaty (Exec. Y, opment projects; H.R. 4387, making for energy on the planning and man 96th Cong .. 1st sess.). appropriations for fiscal year 1980 for agement of the National Forest system. 8-407, Capitol the Department of Agriculture; and 322 Russell Building 9:30 a.m. H.R. 4389, making appropriations for Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs •commerce, Science, and Transportation the Departments of Labor and Health, To hold oversight hearings on foreign Aviation Subcommittee Education, and Welfare. acquisition of U.S. banks. To continue hearings on the certification s-128, capitol 5302 Dirksen Building and inspection procedures of the DC- Judiciary Energy and Natural Resources 10 and other types of aircraft. To hold hearings on pending nomina- To hold hearings on S. 730, to provide 235 Russell Building tions. for the establishment of the Energy Energy and Natural Resources 2228 Dirksen Building Corporation of the Northeast designed Energy Regulation Subcommittee 2:30p.m. to bring together the States, Federal To resume hearings on title 9, proposing Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Government and private industry in mandatory transfers of electric power International Finance Subcommittee a creative effort to deal with the en to reduce oil consumption, of S. 1308, To hold hearings on S. 339, to revise ergy problems of this area. to provide for the development of provisions relating to foreign trade 3110 Dirksen Building domestic energy supplies. treatment of nations allowing free Foreign Relations 1114 Dirksen Building emigration. To resume hearings on the proposed Governmental Affairs 5302 Dirksen Building SALT II Treaty. Civil Service and General Services Sub JULY 13 318 Russell Building committee 2:00 p.m. To hold oversight hearings on the Civil 8:00 a.m. •Energy and Natural Resources Budget Service retirement system. To continue hearings in preparation for Energy Research and Development Sub 357 Russell Building reporting the second concurrent reso committee Labor and Human Resources lution on the Congressional budget To hold hearings on Title 3, to encourage To continue hearings on the workplace, the demonstration of near-term en employment and training and their for fiscal year 1980. ergy technologies, of S. 1308, to pro perspectives for the coming decade, 6202 Dirksen Building vide for the development of domestic and will focus on the Federal role in •Energy and Natural Resources energy supplies. public sector employment and train To resume hearings on title 2, proposed 3110 Dirksen Building ing policies and programs. Priority Energy Act, of S. 1308, to pro JULY 17 vide for the development of domestic 4232 Dirksen Building 9:30 a.m. Veterans' Affairs energy supplies. commerce, Science, and Transportation Business meeting, to mark up printed 1202 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 1390 and Title 2, Amendment No. 223, to provide for a 9:00 a.m. of S. 1400, measures to upgrade com rate increase to reflect the actual in Judiciary mercial motor vehicle safety stand crease in the Consumer Price Index To hold hearings on pending nomina ards and to promote the Federal and for April, to S. 689, to provide for an tions. State enforcement of those standards. increase in the rates of service 2228 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building connected disability compensation for 9:30 a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation veterans and dependency a.nd in Joint Economic Science, Technology, and Space Subcom demnity compensation for their sur To resume hearings to review economic mittee viving spouses and children. conditions and to discuss the future To hold joint hearings with the House 412 Russell Building outlook for the economy emphasizing Subcommittee on Science, Research Select on Ethics productivity. and Technology of the Committee on To continue hearings in conjunction 5110 Dirksen Building Science and Technology, to examine with the investigation of Senator Tal 10:00 a.m. U.S. policies and initiatives of the U.S. madge's alleged abuse of certain fi Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Conference on Science and Technology nancial reporting rules of the Senate. To hold oversight hearings to review the for Development. 1202 Dirksen Building authority of the Department of Labor 5110 Dirksen Building 17690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1979 Select on Small Business Environment and Public Works Rules and Administration To hold hearings to review the nature Transportation Subcommittee To resume joint hearings with the Houi;e and scope of the recently promulgated To continue hearings on S. 344, to assist Administration Committee on S. 14:15 Federa.l Trade Commission's "fran States in their responsibllity for high and H.R.4572, measures to provide for chise disclosure" rule and its impact way beautification, and to review out improved administration of public on small business. door advertising regulation programs. printing services and distribution of 424 Russell Building 1114 Dirksen Building public documents. 10:00 a.m. Foreign Relations 301 Russell Buildin1Z Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on the proposed 2:00 p .m. Business meeting, on pending calendar SALT II Treaty. Energy and Natural Resources business. 318 Russell Building Energy Research and Development Sub 3110 Dirksen Building 10:30 a.m. com:nittee Environment and Public Works Governmental Affairs To continue hearings on title 8, to pro Transportation Su bconunittee To continue hearings on S. 377 and 891, mote the use of gasohol in the United To hold hearings on S. 344, to assist bills to provide for the reorganization States, of S. 1308, to provide for the States in their responsibility for high of the Federal Government's interna development of domestic energy sup way beautification, and to review out tional trade functions. plies. door advertising regulation programs. 3302 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building 2:00p.m. Foreign Relations Foreign Relations Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on the proposed To continue hearings on the proposed Energy Research and Development Sub SALT II Treaty. SALT II Treaty. committee 318 Russell Building 318 Russell Building To resume hearings on title 8, to pro JULY 20 Governmental Affairs mote the use of gasohol in the United 9:00 a.m. To resume hearings on S. 377 and 8{fl, States, of S. 1308, to provide for the Governmental Affairs bills to provide for the reorganization development of domestic energy sup Federal Spending Practices and Open of the Federal Government's interna plies. tional trade functions. Government Subcommittee 3110 Dirksen Building To continue hearings in conjunction 3302 Dirksen Building 2:00p.m. JULY 19 with the investigation of alleged fraud *Energy and Natural Resources and mismanagement practices in the 9 :00 a .m. General services Administration. Energy Research and Development Sub Governmental Affairs 1318 Dirksen Buildin >? committee Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov 9:30 a.m. To continue hearings on title 3, to en ernment Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation courage the demonstration of near To continue hearings in conjunction Science, Technology, and Space Subcorr - term energy technologies, of S. 1308, to with the investigation of alleged fraud mittee provide for the development of do and mismanagement practices in the mestic energy supplies. To continue hearings on S. 535, to prr - General Services Administration. vide for an effective and safe tra.ru - 3110 Dirksen Building 1318 Dirksen Building Foreign Relations port of nuclear waste and radioact1v11 9:30 a.m. nuclear reactor fuel. To continue hearings, in closed session, Commerce, Science, and Transportation 5110 Dirksen Buildin~ on the proposed SALT II Treaty. Science, Technology, and Space Subcom Finance S-407, Capitol mittee JULY 18 Tourism and Sugar Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 535, to pro To hold hearings on S. 589, 749, and 940, 9:00 a.m. vide for an effective and safe trans Governmental Affairs bills to provide for the applicability of port of nuclear waste and radioactive tax rules affecting foreign conventions. Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov nuclear reactor fuel. ernment Subcommittee 2221 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. To hold hearings in conjunction with Governmental Affairs Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs the investigation of alleged fraud and Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal To resume oversight hearings on foreign mismanagement practices in the Gen Services Subcommittee eral Services Administration. acquisition of U.S. banks. 1318 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 1096, to provide 5302 Dirksen Building 9 :30 a.m. for a limited increase in second-class Environment and Public Works Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs postal rates over a 3-year period. To hold hearings on proposals for the Financial Institutions Subcommittee 6202 Dirksen Building John F. Kennedy Center for the Per To resume hearings on S. 1347, to pro Labor and Human Resources forming Arts to issue free tickets and vide for the improvement of consumer Handicapped Subcommittee to provide payment on outstanding services and to strengthen the ability To hold oversight hearings on the imple bonds. of financial institutions to adjust to mentation of the Education for All 4200 Dirksen Building changing economic conditions. Handicapped Children Act of 1975 Labor and Human Resources 5302 Dirksen Building (P.L. 94-142). Education, Arts, and Humanities Subcom Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on S. 1390 and 4232 Dirksen Building mittee Title 2, of S. 1400, measures to upgrade lO:OOa.m. To mark up S. 1386, authorizing funds commercial motor vehicle safety Commerce, Science, and Transportation through fiscal year 1985 for the Na standards and to promote the Federal To hold hearings on the nomination of tional Endowment for the Arts, and and State enforcement of those stand George H. P. Bursley, of Maryland, to the National Endowment for the Hu ards. be a Member of the National Trans manities; and S. 1429, authorizing 235 Russell Building portation Safety Board. funds through fiscal year 1982 for Mu Commerce, Science, and Transportation 235 Russell Building seum Services. Science, Technology, and Space Subcom Energy and Natural Resources Room to be announced mittee Parks, Recreation and Renewable Re JULY 23 To hold hearings on S. 535, to provide sources Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. for an effective and safe transport of To hold hearings on S. 1104, to provide Commerce, Science, and Transportation nuclear waste and radioactive nuclear for the establishment of the Channel reactor fuel. Science, Technology, and Space Subcom Islands National Park. 5110 Dirksen Building mittee 10:00 a.m. 3110 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 1215, to establish Energy and Natural Resources Environment and PublicWorks a uniform Federal policy for the man Business meeting on pending calendar Environmental Pollution Subcommittee agement and utilizaition of inventions business. To continue joint hearings with the developed under Federal contracts. 3110 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Resource Protection 235 Russell Building Environment and Public Works on S. 1325, to provide for adequate 10:00 a.m. Environmental Pollution Subcommittee and safe treatment of hazardous sub Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To resume joint hearings with the Sub stances being released into the envi To continue oversight hearings on the committee on Resources Protection on ronment. conduct of monetary policy. s. 1325, to provide for adequate and 4200 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building safe treatment of hazardous sub Foreign Relations JULY 24 stances being released into the envi To continue hearings on the proposed 10:00 a.m. ronment. SALT II Treaty. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 4200 Dirksen Building 316 Russell Building To continue oversight hearings on the July 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17691 conduct of monetary policy. 9:30 a.m. Aviation Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building Labor and Human Resources To resume hearings on s. 1300, proposed Handicapped Subcommittee International Air Transportation Com Energy and Natural Resources To resume oversight bearings on the petition Act. Business meeting, on pending calendar implementation of the Education. for 235 Russell Building business. All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 AUGUST2 3110 Dirksen Building (P.L. 94-142). lO:OOa.m. Environment and Public Works 4232 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Water Resources Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. Aviation Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 1241, authoriz Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue hearings on S. 1300, pro ing funds through fiscal year 1981 !or To continue hearings on S. 524, 581, and posed International Air Transporta water resources projects, and on the 730, bills to provide financial assist tion Competition Act. proposed cost-sharing feature of the ance for the development and conser 235 Russell Building Administration's plan for reshaping vation of energy programs, and Sec SEPTEMBER 12 water policy. tion 9 of S. 750, to require the use of 9:00 a.m. 4200 Dirksen Building fuel sources which are renewable in Veterans' Affairs Governmental Affairs the distillation process of alcohol fo! To hold hearings on S. 759, to provide for To hold oversight hearings on the activi motor fuel, and other related proposed the right of the United States to re ties of the Department of Energy. legislation. cover the costs of hospital nursing 3302 Disksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building home or outpatient medical care Rules and Administration Rules and Administration furnished by the Veterans' Adminis To resume joint hearings with the House To resume joint hearings with the House tration to veterans for non-service Administration Committee on S. 1436 Administration Committee on S. 1436 connected disabilities to the extent and H.R. 4572, measures to provide and H.R. 4572, measures to provide for that they have health insurance or for improved administration of pub improved administration of public similar contracts. lic printing services and distribution printing services and distribution of 457 Russell Building of public documents. public documents. SEPTEMBER 25 2157 Rayburn Building 345 Cannon Building 11:00 a.m. Joint Economic Joint Economic Veterans' Affairs To hold hearings on the impact of rising To resume hearings on the Consumer To resume hearings on fiscal year 1980 railroad coal shipping rates on the na Price Index figures, and on inflation legislative recommendations for veter tional energy goal of increased coal ary trends. ans' programs. utilization. 6226 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building 6226 Dirksen Building JULY 27 CANCELLATIONS JULY 25 9:30 a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation JULY 11 9:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. Special on Aging Science, Technology, and Space Subcom mittee Budget Business meeting on pending committee To continue hearings in preparation !or business. To resume hearings on S. 1215, to estab reporting the second concurrent res S-126, Capitol lish a uniform Federal policy for the management and utmzation of inven olution on the Congressional budget 9 :30 a.m. for fiscal year 1980. tions developed under Federal con 6202 Dirksen Building Veterans' Affairs tracts. To resume hearings on S. 870, to amen<.l 235 Russell Building 10:00 a.m. and extend education programs ad Environment and Public Works ministered by the Veterans' Adminir:. 10:00 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Water Resources Subcommittee tration for veterans and dependents, To continue hearings on S. 524, 581, and To continue hearings on S. 1241, author and S. 881, to provide for .the protec 730, bills to provide financial assist izing funds through fiscal year 1981 tion of certain officers and employees ance for the development and con for water resources projects, and on of the Veterans' Administration as servation of energy programs, and Sec the proposed cost-sharing feature of signed to perform investigative or law tion 9 of S. 750, to require the use of the Administration's plan !or reshap enforcement functions. ing water policy. 412 Russell Building fuel sources which a.re renewable in the distillation process of alcohol for 4200 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. motor fuel, and other related proposed JULY 12 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs legislation. 9:30 a .m. To hold hearings an S. 524, 581, and 730, 5302 Dirksen Building Judiciary bills to provide financial assistance for JULY 30 Antitrust, Monopoly and Business Rights the development and conservation of Subcommittee energy programs, and Section 9 of S. 9:15 a.m. Governmental Affairs To resume hearings on S. 334, to pro 750, to require the use of fuel sources To hold hearings on S. 930, to restrict hibit the acquisition and control of which are renewable in the distUla free Federal employee parking. agricultural land by certain investors, tion process of alcohol for motor fuel, 3302 Dirksen Building corporations, and foreign governments and other related proposed legislation. or foreign corporations. 5302 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation 5110 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources Aviation Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. Business meeting, on pending calendar To hold hearings on S. 1300, proposed Energy and Natural Resources business. International Air Transportation Energy Resources and Materials Produc 3110 Dirksen Building Competition Act. tion Subcommittee Environment and Public Works 235 Russell Building To resume oversight hearings on the im Water Resources Subcommittee JULY31 plementation of the Outer Continen To continue hearings on S. 1241, au 9:30 a.m. tal Shelf leasing program. thorizing funds through fiscal year Commerce, Science, and Transportation 3110 Dirksen Building 1981 for water resources projects, and Science, Technology, and Space Subcom JULY 20 on the proposed cost-sharing feature mittee 10:00 a.m. of the Administration's plan for re To resume hearings on s. 663, to estab Energy and Natural Resources shaping water policy. lish an Earth Data and Information Energy Research and Development Sub 4200 Dirksen Building Service which would supply data on committee the Earth's resources and environ Governmental Affairs To continue hearings on Title 8, to pro ment. mote the use of gasohol in the United To continue oversight bearings on the 6226 Dirksen Building States, of S. 1308, to provide for the activities of the Department of Energy. development of domestic energy sup 3302 Dirksen Building Labor and Human Resources Handicapped Subcommittee plies. JULY 26 To resume oversight hearings on the im 3110 Dirksen Building 8:00 a.m. plementation of the Education for All JULY 24 Budget Handicapped Children Act of 1975 9:30 a.m. To resume hearings in preparation for (PL. 94-142). Labor and Human Resources reporting the second concurrent reso 4232 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on S. 446, proposed lution on the Congressional budget AUGUST! Equal Employment Opportunity for tor fiscal yea.r 1980. 10:00 a.m. the Handicapped Act. 6202 Dirk.sen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation 4232 Dirksen Building