THE FASTEST GROWING CHURCH IN THE WORLD by Brother Keith E. L'Hommedieu, D.D.

quite safe tosay that ofall the organized religious sects on the current scene, one church in particular stands above all in its unique approach to religion. The Universal LifeChurch is the onlyorganized church in the world withno traditional religious doctrine. Inthe words of Kirby J. Hensley,founder, "The ULC only believes in what is right, and that all people have the right to determine what beliefs are for them, as long as Brother L 'Hommed,eu 5 Cfla,r,nan right olthe Board of Trusteesof the Sa- they do not interferewith the rights ofothers.' cerdotal Orderof the Un,versalL,fe andserves on the Board of O,rec- Reverend Hensley is the leader ofthe worldwide torsOf tOe fnternahOna/ Uns'ersaf Universal Life Church with a membership now L,feChurch, Inc. exceeding 7 million ordained ministers of all religious bileas well as payfor traveland educational expenses. beliefs. Reverend Hensleystarted the church in his NOne ofthese expenses are reported as income to garage by ordaining ministers by mail. During the the IRS. Recently a whole town in Hardenburg. New 1960's, he traveled all across the country appearing York became Universal Life ministers and turned at college rallies held in his honor where he would their homes into religious retreatsand monasteries perform massordinations of thousands of people at a thereby relieving themselves of property taxes, at time. These new ministers were then exempt from least until the state tries to figure out what to do. being inducted into the armed forces during the Churches enjoycertain othertax benefits over the undeclared Vietnam war. common man on the street. For instance, a church In 1966 ReverendHensley wasfighting the estab- can legally buy and sell real estate or stocks and lishment on another front. The IRStried toclaim the bonds completely tax free. It. can receive tax free ULCwasn't a legalchurch and proceeded to impound income from bank deposits or mortgages. Many the ten thousanddollars in thechurch bank account. churches own large publishing, recording, or other The feistyHensley filed suit againstthe IRS in federal related businesses like hospitals,clinics and schools district court for return of the funds and to per- without paying any incometax. manently establish the ULC as a legal tax exempt A church can sponsor any kind of fund raising entity. OnMarch 1, l974JudgeJamesF. Bathnruled eventsuch as acorcert. play or even bingo. Churches againstthe IRS in his decision which stated. "Neither are alsoexempt frompaying inheritancetaxes. When this court or any branch of this government will the pastor ofthe church dies,the Boardof Directors consider the meritsor fallaciesof a religion. Nor will simply appointsa new pastor andthe churchgoes on. the court praise or condemn a religion. Were the ReverendHensley has stated that he personally courtto do so, it would impinge uponthe guarantees doesn't believe in the tax exemptstatus ofchurches. ofthe First Amendment." The judge then ordered However, if the government is goingto give a free the IRSto return the impoundedmoney and to grant ride to Billy Graham and the Pope. thenwhy not let the Universal Life Church its tax exempt status. everybody participate in these blessings. Further- Reverend Hensley has stated that he believes a more. he backs his words up byoffering to defendin thurch ispeople and notjust afancy building.He also courtthe tax exempt status of his congregations. believes in total freedom and equality for all people. Since the church was founded in 1962. it has The ULCwill ordainanyone withoutregard to religious attractedmembers who are movieand TV personali- beliefs, race, nationality, sex or age. ties, businessmen, government officials, lawyers. and The ULC's success formula is both effective and doctors aswell asall types ofregular working people. unquestionably legal. After a person has become an During the last 15years the Universal Life church has ordainedmirtister, he or she canjoin with two other blossomed into a full blown grass roots populace people and form their own Universal Life Church. movement. Reverend Hensley is ordaining ten These three people then make up the Board of thousandnew ministers aweek and predicts that the Directors consistingof a Pastor, a Secretary and a church will have over 20,000.000 members by the Treasurer.The ULC will then grantthe group the use early 1980's. In addition,requests for interviewsand ofits legalchurch charter completewith both federal TV appearances continueto pour in. and state tax exempt numbers. The newly formed Anyone who is a member of the IJLC will tell you churchmay thenopen a bankaccount in the church's that the ULC is destined to change the world. By name.Any member ofthe churchcan legallydonate uniffing mankind into a brotherhood of freedom up to 50%of his or heroutside income tothe church orientated individuals, each respecting the other's and take a correspondingtax deduction. The church right to live life as they see fit, the Universal Life in turn can pay the complete housing cost of its Church hopes to put an end to all wars. Reverend minister including rent or mortgage payment,insur- Hensley admits that this is a pretty monumental ance, taxes. furnishings and repairs. The church can task to accomplish, but he also points out that he is also providethe minister with full use of an automo- alreadywell on the wayto reaching his goal.

and Minister's Rev. Hertsley invites all those interested inbecoming an ordained minister and receivingcomplete information credentials, tosend a $10°° tax deductible donationto the Universal Lifechurch. P.O. Box669. Dept.128, Aptos, CA95003. MOTHER

A MAGAZINE FOR THE REST OF US JULY 1979 • VOLUME IV • NUMBER VI

Page 54 FRONTLINES CIGARETTES & SOFAS by Becky O'Malley Page 6 NEws: What are the Bee Gees in Ifyou thought that you knew all the dan- doing gers of cigarette smoking, guess again. three-piecesuits?; when guerrillas getthe This one has to do with the to wear when assem- nothing blues; why gloves smoke you take into your lungs, but it bling Fl-bombs; rape victims forced to still killsthousands of Americans submit to lie detector tests. a year. Their deaths could be easilyavoided.

COLUMNS THE ARTS

Page 5 45 PLACES Page RED-FACEDAND GOING THE BELLY ROOM PRESENTED Mother compares herself to one of her COMEDIENNES ancestors. by Karen Stabiner COVER STORIES "Women comics agree: beinga stand-up Page 65 no matter how mild OLD REDS AND THE UNION BLUES comic, your jokes, Page 22 is an act of . . . Politics is by Joe Klein aggression. HE WHO STRIKES FIRST funny, but is just being funny politics?" When labor and the Left were secret Introductionby Richard J. Barnet Reporter Karen Stabiner visits the Los lovers. And why the affair should be Angeles club that was one of the coun- renewed. Page 24 try's few havens for women comedians; ATTACK Now she findsthat a funny thinghappened on by Eric Mankin FEATURES their way to the top. The first-strike weapons that now stud the U.S.' nuclear arsenal make Page 14 SALT II almost irrelevant. DIAGNOSING MARRIAGE by Hugh Drummond,M.D. Page 29 Aftera year's absence,MJ's most popu- BOMB SHELTERS ARE BACK! lar columnist returns, in full voice. by Gar Smith "Should you marry? Ifyou were foolish Civil Defense . . . didn't that go out enough to ask and I foolish enough to with the '50s? Not quite. Now there's advise,I would say no." the Car-Over-Trench Shelter. Khru- shchev was wrong: we will bury us. Page 34 IN THE HEART OF THE BEAST by Robert Friedman On the barren plains outside of Ama- rillo, is the factory where every ther- monuclear weapon in the U.S. is as- sembled. Friedman learns what Ama- rillans feel—anddon't feel—aboutthe (1/ bomb. Coverphoto oft/icJoint Chiefs of Stafffrom Department ofDefense. Left to right: Adm. Page 41 Thomas B. Hayward, Chiefof Naval Opera- WELCOME TO THE WAR FAIR tions, Gen. Bernard W. Rogers, Chief of by John Markoff Staff, U.S. Army; Gen. David C. Jones, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff,' Gen. Lew We visit a Disneyland extravaganza Allen, Jr., Chiefof Staff, U.S. Air Force; thathawks thelatest in arms hardware. and Gen. LouisH. Wilson, Jr., Commandant, Page 14 U.S. Marine Corps.

MOTHER JONES(ISSN 0362-884!) is published monthly (except forcombined issues in February/March and September/October) by the Foundation for NationalProgress, a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization. Officesare located at 625 ThirdStreet, San Francisco, CA94107. All newsstand inquiries should be sent to this address. Second-class postage rateispaidatSanFrancisco,CA,Sparta,ILandotherentrypoints.Pubticationnumber115770. Postmaster: sendform3579 to MOTHER JONES, l886Haymarket Sq., Marion. OH 43302. Copyright ©l979by the Foundation for NationalProgress. Allrights reserved under International Copyrigttt Union, the Universal Copyrigtit Convention and Pan American Copyright Convention. Reproduction or use,without written permission, ofeditorial orpictorial content inany manner isprohibited. Trademark registered. Use of any person's nameor description in fiction, articles or humorous features is purely coincidental and notthe responsibility of MOTHERJONES. MOTHER JONES subscribers are members ofthe Foundation forNational Progress. Membership duesare $12 a year,of which $4 is set aside forpublication costs. Foreign subscriptioss (including postage): North and CentralAmerica and Caribbean. $14/surface, $24/airmail; all othercountries, $15/surface,$30/airmail. Lifetime membershipsare available for$150. The Foundation assumes noresponstbiltty for unsolicited materials. Manuscripts notaccompanied by stamped, self-addressedenvelopes will not be returned.No poetry nsanuscriptswill be considered untLl further notice. Please do notsubmit any more poetry;we are fullup with poetl'y. For the meantime, do not sendany more poetry. Printedin the U.S.A.MOTHER JONES is available on microfilm from University Microfilms International, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Ml 48106. MOTHER JONES is indexed in Abstracts of Popular Culture. Alternative PressIndex, New Periodicals Index,Popular Periodical Index, women Studies Abstracts and Public Affairs Information Service.ABC audit applied for, March 1978. MOTHER JONES Letters ALL THE NEWS MOBBING MALLS Dear Mother: Dear Mother: Ron Chernow's exposé Congratulations to Jay of how a quiet revolution- Neugeboren and the good ary priest was liquidated by citizens of Hadley, Massa- the loathsome Guatemalan chusetts, on their tilt with landowners and corrupt commercial developers government officials ("The ("Mall Mania," Mi, May Strange Death of Bill '79). It might hearten Woods," Mi, May '79) de- Mother Lovers to know servestremendous acclaim. that a similar battle was It induced nausea in one fought and won last year in who was previously ignor- Columbus,Ohio. ant of this whole sordid The effort here required affair. overturning a city council I am surprised at the commercial rezoning ordi- hush-hush journalism to- nance, collecting 18,000 pe- day, and am amazed at myself for PUNK POWER tition signaturesduring the Great Bliz- blindly accepting it. I am a student zard of '78 and putting the issue to a of anthropology, well-versed in Maya Dear Mother: city-wide vote. The opposition—devel- and these In his article on the censoring of the opers, a national supermarket chain, ethnology, yet disgusting Plastic events and the tragic denouement of People and other Czech rock and a Big Bank—dipped into their Woods' deeds have somehow escaped groups ("Jailhouse Rock," MJ, May pockets for a six-figure media blitz attention! How? It is be- '79), Rory O'Connor writes, "Needless campaign. Citizens Action on Glen my precisely to the is different cause, as MJ puts it, "Americanssim- say, situation quite Echo Ravine (CAGER) went door-to- here in . ply don't like foreign news." So we go America. . door in this city of 750,000; spent on we hear and About a month ago I attended acon- $6,000, raisedcoin by coin; andearned believing everything cert in downtown at the Elk's read and see about peaceand stability L.A., 64 percent of the total vote. The semi- in Guatemala. Lodge, at which six punk bands were wild Glen Echo is intact and growing I will still visit Guatemala this sum- scheduled to perform. green, and, although still privately mer, but is no longer The concert was goingalong calmly, owned, cannot be rezoned except by my perspective with about 600 and twisted by the duplicity of news re- people listening another municipalballot. leasesand official statements of reform dancing to the music, when the police Incidentally,the "CAGER Pot Luck arrived and decidedto endthe and progress. I will go with a silent abruptly Cookbook" (good eats!) and a slide- in soul,with asuppressed show; they sent in a squad outfitted in tape program, "The Battle for Glen vengeance my full riot I heard later that few hatred in my heart. gear. a Echo Ravine," good for fund raising, T. M. McQuire intoxicated individuals were throwing moral boosting, etc., are available for a bottles around but rather than Bloomington, Indiana outside, small donation. Send SASE inquiries arrest those people, the police choseto to CAGER, c/o Zak, 148 W. Weber Dear Mother: use them as an excuse to close the entire Road,Columbus, Ohio 43202. Thanks to Ron Chernow for his ex- concert. Allen and Leslie Zak cellent article on Guatemala and the Regan Kibbee Columbus, Ohio death of Bill Woods. Santa Monica, California I wasin Guatemala atthe time ofthe Dear Mother: massacre in Panzós. The papers there Dear Mother: As a resident of Ithaca, New York, I reported that hundreds of armed peas- The fact that the government has am familiar with the proliferation of ants tried to take over Panzós, and 37 crackeddown on rock 'n' roll in a place shoppingmalls by the Pyramid Corpo- were killed by the army in an attempt to like Czechoslovakiadoesn't bother me ration. Three years age, amidst great "defend the town." The army said the halfas much as theway private business controversy and debate, the Pyramid peasants were crazy, influenced by has fucked over the music in this coun- Corporation built a mall outside of "foreignersand Communists."We later try. The Plastics could just as easily be Ithaca. The city of Ithaca opposed the learned the truth through newspaper talking about America when they sing: project, but neighboring Lansing was ads, paid for by peasant, student, labor "The governmentis afraid of the Left. eager for the mall, due to the promised and religious organizations: that over They are afraid of the Right. They are addition to its tax base. 100 men, womenand children, march- afraid of science, of art, of books and Since our community had surplus ing to meet the landowners, were poems and theaters and films and commercial property, the addition of gunned and grenaded down. records . . themall wasclearly unnecessary. Archi- Kit Miller Pins Curbo tecturally, this giant box is an eyesore. Carson City. Nevada Chicago, Illinois Abeautiful wooded areawas bulldozed JULY 1979 2 _ HOW TO BEAT ri WAY'S BOOK PRICES.

151.The Lord Of The Rings 308.Arthur Rex. ALegendary 525.A History Of Israel: From the Consider the QPB JR.R. Tolkjen. (3 Vols. Boxed) Novelby ThomasBerger. Hardcover: Rise of Zionism toOur Time. (Kiaps) alternative. Hardcover:$3295 QPB: $9.95 $10.95QPB Ed: $5.95 Howard M. Sachar. Hardcover: $20 QPB is the book 171. Amerika, The Trialand The 347. What Color is Your QPB: $8.95 Castle. Franz Kafka. (3 Vols,) Parachute?A Practical Manualfor 526.Gnomes. Text by Wil Huygen club that offers you Hardcover: $22.40QPB: $6.95 Job-Hunters &Career Changers. Illustrated by RienPoortvliet full-size, softcover 23 1. TropicOf Cancer and Tropic (1978 Revised Edition) Richard Hardcover: $17.50 QPB: $8.50 editions that are as Of'Capricorn. HenryMiller NelsonBolles. QPB: $4.95 527.The Flounder.Giinter Grass dura- (2 Vols.) QPB: $7.90 489. ANight To Remember.Walter Translated by RalphManheim permanent and 495. JewelsOf The Pharaohs Lord. Illustrated Edition. Hardcover: Hardcover: $12 QPBEd: $5.95 bly bound as book- EgyptianJewelry of the Dynastic $12.95QPB: $4.95 528.How To Read Better & Faster store hardcovers.The Period. CyrilAldred. Photographs by 407.The LifeAnd limes Of 4thEdition. NormanLewis Albert Shoucair. Hardcover: $17.95 Chaucer.John Gardner. Ornaments Hardcover: $1 1.95 QPB: $6.75 is as and Wolf. Hardcover: $12.50 paper good QPB: $6.95 byJ. 529.Running The RiversOf North the type as readable. 305. MysteriesOf The Past. Lionel QPB Ed: $5.95 America.Peter Wood. Hardcover: The only significant Casson, Robert Claihorne, Brian 426. The OxfordBook Of Literary $12.95 QPB: $4.95 Pagan and Walter Karp. Editor: JosephJ. Anecdotes.Edited by James 530.The LivesOf A Celland The difference is the Thorndike, Jr. Hardcover: $34.95 Sutherland. Hardcover: $15 Ed: MedusaAnd The Snail.Lewis price: A QPB soft- QPB $9.95 QPB: $4.95 Thomas. (2 Vols., Boxed) Hardcover: cover costs up to 65% $17.90QPB Ed: $7.95 less than its hard- 531. OutOf My Later Years and Let'stry each other for6 months. The World As I See it.Albert cover counterpart. Einstein. (2 Vols.) QPB: $6.95 You a Quality Paperback BookClub, Inc.,Middletown,Pa. 17057. don'tjudge Please enroll mein QPBand sendthe 3 choices I've listed below. Bill bookby its cover, so me $3, and I understandthatlam not now. Pick cover? plusshipping handlingcharges. join whypayfor the required to buy another book.You will send me QPB Review (ifmy 3 books or Now canafford account is in months. have any you good standing) for 6 IfI not boughtand — to own more of the paid for atleast 1book inevery six-month period,you may cancel my sets for $1 each books you want to membership. A shipping and handling charge is added to each with no read. shipment. QB555-7 Indicate by numberthe obligationto buy Compare I 3 booksor sets you want ______another book. Name 9'lo 476. The People'sAlmanac (Pleaseprint dearly) PresentsThe Book OfLists. David Wallechinsky,Irving Wallace and A.ddress Apt. AmyWallace. Hardcover: $10.95 QPB Ed: $5.95 City State Zip 485. The People'sPharmacy: A Guideto Prescription Drugs, Home How membership.works Points. Foreach bookor set you Remedies and Over-the-Counter Medications. Graedon 1. You receive QPB Review 15 take (exceptthe first3 you get for Joe $1 earn BonusPoints Hardcover: $8.95 QPB: $3.95 timeseach year(about every 3V2 each),you A reviews a which entitle you to choose any of 491. The Golden Bough: Study in weeks). Each issue new Magic and Religion. SirJames Gessrge Main Selection, plusscores of thebooks we offer; youpay only Frazer, F.R.S., EB.A. IVolume, Alternates. All MainSelections shippingand handling charges. Abridged Edition.Hardcover: $12.95 Hardcover:QPB Softcover: If QPB: $6.95 $15 $7.95 withestablished publisher's list 4. Return privilege. QPB are offered least Reviewis re- 520. InThe Deserts OfThis Earth prices at at 20% delayedand you Uwe Translated Richard discountoff that list ceivethe Main Selection without George. by 514. The StoriesOf Cheever price. and Clara Winston. (Photos) John 2. If youwant theMain Selec- having had 10days to notify us, Hatdcover: $14.95 $6.95 JohnCheever. Hardcover: $15 I QPB: QPB Ed: $7.95 tiondo nothing. It will be you mayreturn itfor credit at 515. An Isaac BashevisSinger shipped to you automatically. If ourexpense. Reader. Isaac BashevisSinge: you wantone or more Alternate 5. Cancellations.You may book club Ha:dcover: $12.95 QPB: $5.95 books—or no book atall —mdi- cancel at time FI1 membership any 516. 1979 Rand McNallyRoad cate yourdecision on the reply by notifying QPB. Wemay can- I I for smart Atlas. QPB: $3.95 formalways enclosed andreturn cel yourmembership ifyou elect 505. SongOf Solomon. Toni it not to and for least one jpeoPle Morrison. Hardcover: $8.95 by thedate specified. buy pay at QPB Ed: $4.95 3. Bonus booksfor Bonus bookin every six-month period. aren't rich. MO1HbR JONES

clear. Traffic generated by the mall that need to be fought are won—even necessitated expensive road improve- when fought by only us "little people," ments and resulted in preventable the mothers of Anierica. injuries. Claire Largesse Three years later, the mall has caused Boulder, colorado long-established businesses that pay taxes to the city, and whose profits are PINKIE FAN MALE reinvested locally, to close their doors: Dear Mother: meanwhile, the mall itself is doing On page two of your May '79 issue, poorly. Even if it were to close, the there is a picture of a young man in forest it now stands on will never grow tropical Navy whites, clenching a rose back. Rain runoff from the asphalt between his teeth. From what I gather, parking surface is posing a serious pol- his name is "Pinkie." lution problem for local waterways. I am anex-Navy-ite. I wasdischarged The local slogan used to fight the mall because they discovered my gayness. claimed, "PYRAMID MAULS." If Yea tho I am a fruit... Pioneer socialist Mary Harris "Mother" Jones anything, that now seems an under- I would like to know as much about (1830-1930)helped found the IWW,organized mine- is workers, supportedthe Mexican Revolutionand was statement. Pinkie as you can tell me. He ex- oneof the great orators ofher day. Hopefully,Jay Neugeboren's article tremely attractive, and I think I'm fall- Editorial board: will open up people'seyes to similarill- ing in lust with him. Deirdre English, Adam Hochschild conceived and short-sightedprojects. S'S. Zina Klapper,Jeffrey Klein Gary Dulberg Phoenix,Arizona Louise Kollenbaurn, AmandaSpake Ithaca, New York Editorial staff: Editor'snote: Sad to say, Pinkie is now Deborah Branscum, Rick Clogher Frances Haselsteiner, Ruth Henrich a recluse. But maybe it'sal/for the best, Dear Mother: because he trail Art: article on "Mall heretofore left a of Louise Kollenbaum (Director) Jay Neugeboren's broken heartsfrom Sunset Boulevard to Dian-Aziza in Martha Geering, Ooka (Design- Mania" was excellent. Here East BleeckerStreet. ers), David Reavis (Art Assistant), Alicia Lansing, Michigan, grassroots organi- Keshishian (Staff), Pinkie(Fashion) zations battled the Contributing editors: giant Dayton-Hud- BURP Paul Solman, Gwenda Blair, Ron Chernow son Corporation for two years, on Dear Mother: VictoriaDompka, Tom Friedman many of the same grounds pointed out Re: SuzanneGordon, Raymond Mungo(Religion) "Backstage" and your Perrier Laura Karen Stabiner by Neugeboren (e.g., increased traffic, drinkers. Shapiro, air and water economic de- Business: pollution, I made only $2,600 last year in our Ellen Evans of the downtown Fi- Bailey, Diana Dillaway, Robin cay area, etc.). wonderful capitalist system, and I just Joan Hamick, Lori Onstenk,Stephen Parker nally, lastfall ina city-wide referendum, traded some of that "low income" for Judith Pollock, Richard Reynolds the voters East de- DoloresSegura, Ron Taff of Lansing soundly three of Mother because feated the once and for all. years Jones, Advertising: mall, Hope- the information is important. Unfortu- Judith Pollock our success others. (Director) fully, might inspire nately, I still can't give away my col- Stephen. Parker (Western Manager) Charlene Crickon LeonorNoguez (Staff) lege education. Lansing, Michigan Steve Davis (Eastern Manager) Honest Savage 101 Park Avenue, Suite l436N Blue Lake, New York, NY 10017 California (212) 683-5453 Dear Mother: Lowell Fox (Western Sales) As former residents of Hadley and 16200 Ventura Blvd.,Suite 203 Amherst (my partner being a Hadley- Encino, CA 91436 FOR THE RECORD (213) 990-2950 raised asparagus picker), we read with Consultants: great joy Jay Neugeboren's article. As Editor'snote: Due to a misunderstand- John Klingel,Richard Michaels a "mother in her mid-30s" with two ing, Elizabeth Beckerdid not know that Publisher: children, I can appreciate the courage her remarks on Vietnam and Cambodia Mark Dowie and determination Pat Kicza was re- ("The Fire At The End OfThe Tunnel," Foundation Jbr NationalProgress quired to muster. MJ, April '79) werefor the record. Fur- ProgramDirector: Robin Evans she shouldnot have been ident Directors:Peter Barnes, Mark Dowie,Joan Hamick, We here in Boulder, Colorado, are ther, ifled Adam l-lochschild, Jeffrey Klein, David Olsen, actively involved not only in trying to in theintroduction to thepiece as ananti- Judith Poltock,Amanda Spake. the construction of a war activist. Resident Fetlows: Mark Dowie,David Olsen; Asso- prevent "super ciate: Peter Barnes, Mark Beyeler, Fred Branfman, mall,"but also in anattempt to stop the BarbaraCameron, Dick Flacks, JohnGilderbloom, of the Flats Todd Gitlin, Dick Lichtman, Ann Tompkins, Lee operation Rocky plant. Webb; Visiting: VirginiaGardner, John Geesman, While manufacturingplutonium "trig- Write your Mother. We like to hear EricLeenson, Jerry Mander,Anivaldo Paditha, from us reactions and HollySemiloff. gers" for nuclear bombs, this plant you. Tell your consistentlyendangers the local popu- opinions do Letters Editor, Mother Typographyby Mackenzie-Harris, lation. Jones,625 Third Street, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. It is inspiring to see that the battles CA 94107. JULY 1979 4 MOTHER JONES Backstage T SOME POINT in the label: Feminist; Environ- last few months, at a mentalist; Decentralist. All A date and hour only RED-FACED these qualificationsmight ex- our computer knows for sure, asperate a fire-and-brimstone Mother Jones passed a mile- man like Wayland, for whom stone. We became the largest AND GOING the wOrld was merely divided publication of the American into Labor and Capital. Left in more than 50 years. Nonetheless, if he were alive Some 220,000copies of this PLACES to read it, we hope he would issue will reach subscribers or finally find Mother Jones in be purchased on newsstands. continuity with his own bat- This puts us ahead of the late tles against injustice long ago. Ramparts, which reached a We do. At this moment inour peak circulation of about own shorthistory, we wish we 200,000ten years ago. But we could reach back across the still have a long way to go to years I' catch up with the grandma of us all, the socialist weekly, TheAppealto Reason. In 1913, it was selling more than 760,000 copies per issue. We've had somefun in the last few weeks looking over old issues of The Appeal, which breathed its last in the McCarthy-like days of 1922. We feel quite a bond with this curious, homey, flamboyant paper, published in tiny type and enormous headlines from the unlikely spot of Girard, Kansas. It is both warming and depressing to see how much of the muck it raked is similar to our own: corrupt politicians, rapacious corpo- rations (How OPERATORS HOLD MINERS IN HOPELESS PEONAGE), suspicious things inour food(AUTHOR OF "THE JUNGLE" FACES PRINCE OF PACKERSWITH AWFUL ARRAY OF FACTS). Like Mother Jones, The Ap- .her peal valued reaching a wide "RedHot Papa" Pinkie is sick with embarrassmentover last month's Jr the readership. Readers who crit- blooper. Photograph by Louise KoVenbaur aphical icize us for using eye-catching deadline covers would be appalled: in for mayor outpolled art op- to conversion they were. -breaking 1901, The Appeal to Reason ponent82to 1. Card files aside, the whimsical loudly advertised that each The Appeal'seccentric pub- something nostalgicalJ '(theidenti- weekit would give the person lisher, J. A. Wayland, who pealing about that sp who sold the most subscrip- grew wealthy in real estate of course, none of tions ten acres of prime Mis- before he saw the socialist can feel that alme souri farmland. light, ran his paper as if it conviction of k There are differences, were a nonstop decades-long cisely the right though. The Appeal's readers sermon. He harangued baf- world's ills. T e: inhindsight, felt themselvesto be part of a fled salesmen who came to of certaint' iaddictated the world-wide movement: each sell him printing equipment; turn to t' issue a column called "In he kept a pocket card file on ever t' e used to label a Other Climes" (the climes people to whom he was talk- Ame' type) accidentally tended to be European) ing socialism, listing what har ip in the magazineit- brought news of socialist vic- books he had loaned them, MJ ever takes to the tories aroundthe world, even their age, religion, class, airwaves,guess what our in Schildesche, Germany, whether they were wage or odle will be. — where the socialist candidate salary workers and how do .clL I Adam Hochschild Frontlines

Beginning on page 22 of atthe drop of anoff-line mili- this issue, Mother Jones ex- tarybudget item. ploresthe new militarismthat GREETINGS: THE For example,the successful is sweeping through the Unit- fight to fund F18 fighter air- ed States. Before you reach craft is generally conceded to that point in the magazine, JOINT CHIEFS havebeen wonlargely through however, here are sonic hors an organized lobbying effort, d'oeuvres—a veritable smor- since the Navy didn't even gasbord of little-knowndevel- WANT YOU want the plane. California opments that point to the in- Representative James F. creasingpower ofthe military. Lloyd (D.), of the House • Greetings, Take Two: As Armed Services Committee, recently as last winter, the was in the front line of the official Pentagonposition was battle. Lloyd told Business still ti'- -""nteer Week, "Troutman made me p.- look smart. .. . He kept feed- ing meinformation onthe per- formance and costadvantages ofthe Fl 8—sometimes practi- cally on the House floor—so I could sound off during the debate." • From the Halls of What- chamacailit: The first public military high school in U.S. history will begin operation in Cincinnati, in September 1979. Withabout 110 students in its freshman class, the school will be classifiedas an alternative public school, geared toward students with special abilities and interests. AOflJ OGUM Both students and their civil- at a cost of only $6.2 million bility is thelast thing I need," ian teachers will dress in mili- —a one-year profit for the explains General Electriclob- tary-style uniforms; the government of $28.2 million. byist George Troutman. Nev- armed forces will provide President Carteronce pledged ertheless, hardware hawkers equipmentand conduct phys- to strengthen the boardas an havebeen swarmingCongress icaltraining. —Z.K. anti-inflationmeasure. What happened? The Renegotiation Board pr. was the victim of a high- listm powered lobbying campaign revive by the defense industry. At 1, a Ho ast one contractor or sub- drafted otractor from every con- requiring sional district, reportsthe toregister (on Chronicle, attacked S Duelin 'ard. Their grounds? This spring, 'ably, they said that ished the cost the taxpayers Board, an ag wse its red tape guard against cost of defense For PostAttack Blues defense and discouraged Those people lucky enough to be employed by Mobil Oil tors. It had ha sfrom deal- and IBM maybe in for someAfter-the-Holocaust fun. Both ordercontracto. ment. companies have underground headquarters in nuclear "excessiveprofits 's: Just bomb-proof vaults, deep in the bowels of Iron Mountain, ment sales to pa s the New York. While waiting for the fallout to dissipate, em- "excess." One of th The ployees will be treated to hotel-type living, complete with eral agencies that gt. of dining halls. Rec rooms will offer pingpong, pool and card more revenue than it tables. (For less grandiose post-Apocalypseenvironments, the boardrecouped $34.4. see page 29.) —Mark Schapiro lion in excess profits in 1978, I p. This Cost Us $104,000 That's right, $104,000.. . . $3,000to research and write the story and $101,000in lost advertising revenue. Lorillard Corporationwas displeased with our suggestionthat cigarettes be labeled "addictive" and declined to renew their advertising contractfor 1979. Several other advertisers loyally followed suit. Investigative reporting is expensive. Even when advertisers don't bolt on us, it's expensive. Discovering things about people and corporationsthat they don't want you to know is painstaking, time-consuming work. Word for word, an investigative story costs us almost three times what a regular feature costs. We want to continue to be a leading investigative magazine—independent, unin- timidated and aggressive. But we need your help. To defray the extra cost of in-depth reporting, we have formed a separate fund, The Mother Jones Investigative Fund. Without the InvestigativeFund, we could continue to publish a monthly magazine and run two, maybe three investigative stories a year. But there are so many more stories out there that you need to knowto survivethese troubledand poisonous times. The money from the Fund is used to: • Support an augmented staff of investigative reporters and research assistants. • Establish a legal refuge to whichanyone cansafely turn with informa- tion about corporate or governmental misdeeds—asanctuary for whistleblowers. • Stimulateorganization and activismaround thesubjects of our investigations— like organizingPinto recalls and assistingthe Nestlé boycott. • Disseminateinformation to consumergroups about effective ways to make businessand governmentmore responsive to people's needs. If, like so many of our readers, you depend on MotherJones for coverage ofsub- jects the rest of the media won't touch, for fear they will lose advertisers or offend investors, then we invite you to become a sponsorof The MotherJones Investigative Fund. When you do, we will send you our quarterly newsletter, The Insider, published exclusively for sponsors of The Mother Jones Investigative Fund. In The Insider, we will tell you investigative "war stories," show you a few tricks of the trade, recount a few tense moments and an anecdote or two. So become a sponsor ofthe Fund and become an "insider."When you read stories in Mother Jones that are financed by the Fund, you can proudly take some credit for their being there. Use the envelope next to this page or send your contributions directly to: -- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — THE MOTHER JONES INVESTIGATIVE FUND 625 Third Street San Francisco, California 94107 MOTHER JONES I dines Journalists Lie Test For Lose One Rape Victims Two yearsago, we reported Feminists and civil liber- the story behind the libel case tarians in a Washington state against San Francisco Exam- county have been stunned by iner reporter Raul Ramirez recent revelations that rape and freelancer Lowell Berg- victims there are routinely man ("Turning Reporters In- required to submit to poly- to Orphans," MJ, June 1977). graph tests; Of the women Some of you may remember whoreport having been raped, that in the courseof reporting 60percent flunkthe test. on San Francisco's China- Yakima County Rape Re- towngang wars, Ramirez and lief Coordinator Cheryl Ficek Bergman accused local law is charging that the prospect enforcement authorities of of taking a lie detector test is pressuringwitnesses ata mur- Left to right: Ramire:, Attorney SheldonOtis, and Bergman. an added indignity that dis- der trial to give false testi- courages rape victims from mony. They based their accu- each must pay $250,000 in ac- committee and Mother Jones' reporting attacks. As it is, sations on a sworn affidavit tual damages and $10,000 in publisher, says, "To investi- authorities estimate that nine by a key prosecution witness punitive damages to each gative reporters, this is the outoften rapes in the country who later changed his story plaintiff. most disheartening verdict of go unreported. Ficek, along and denied either having been The Examiner refused to the past 25 years. However, I with a nearby county prose- pressuredorhaving givenfalse pay for private attorneys for watched the court proceed- cutor,has also challenged the testimony. Ramirez and Bergman, ex- ings carefully and think that test's high failure rate, claim- This spring, the two jour- cept for aone-time $5,000 con- Bergman and Ramirez will ing that genuine victims are nalists and the Hearst Corpo- tribution. A nationwide de- win a new trial. And if The doublytra umatized when they ration's Examiner were or- fense committee has been Examiner conducts a unified learn they have not passed. dered to pay more than $4.5 helping themwith someof the defense,it will win." "Most women just crawl million in damages to three legal costs of the trial. Mark The reporters will appeal home after flunking, they're city officials. The reporters Dowie, spokesperson for the the decision. so humiliated," she said. Already, authorities have white cottage cheese in the pressed charges against at PoliticoWith A Palate middle of the dining room, least one woman for giving false information toan officer, A student cafeteria worker Admittingthat his political that's all," says an unrepent- ant Bates, who does not sup- on thebasis of hertest results. at Hampshire College has lost designs were on salads for also a his for in months beforehis Bates port Soviet communism and Rape Relief reports job putting politics firing, in a victim who the salads says the combination of the did not intend to link it with case which anti-nuclear movement. she knew the Davis Bates, a 24-year-old, two ideologieson one bed of the thought identity some An activist who has of her attackerrequested that was fired from his $3-an-hour cottage cheese caused urged be tested position by Saga Food when anti-nuclear students to com- Saga employees to organize, the suspect as well. Bates into us- Authorities refused, explain- he refused to stop writing plain. got designing, that "No Nukes" on salads with "I couldn't resist the sur- ing both vegetables and wax ing requiring asuspect to as his media take a polygraph would vio- carrot sticks and making red real effect of that bright red cheese-wrapping late his constitutional wax hammers and sickles in hammer and sickle on the as a means of creatively whil- rights. the cottage cheese. ing away the hours at a dull Prosecutor Jeff Sullivan job. His firing, he says, shows says, "A charge of rape is po- the employment situation of tentially so damaging, that we Saga Food workers on cam- use every tool we can to de- pus in high relief—thereis no termine whether a rape oc- appeal process for dismissals. curred."—NancyFaller, WA. Batesis askingthe college's president for reinstatement. He told Mother Jones, "I was back 'Parents Fast Bucks 3 hoping to be by Day' in April, but it's too late We pay $5 for items accepted for that now." Meanwhile, for Frontlines.Cite your source Hampshire students have and include clips. Address to takenup thecause, and arein- Frontlines, Mother Jones, 625 scribingpolitical messageson Third St., San Francisco, Ca. the salads and cottage cheese 94107. Sorry, only items ac- IA GbRINC even without Bates' help. cepted are acknowledged. Frontlines

fore medico-legal commit- Spy Service ment. Picture the scene. While potential patients tap For Doctors their feeton waiting roomcar- There's a new racket that pets, their doctors slip away doctors think will shield them into phone booths, dial the from malpractice suits. Are Telident Information Ex- physicians planning to keep changein Santa Monica,Cali- themselves Out of court by fornia, and rush back to the improving thequality of their office, in time—one assumes medical care? —to refuse medical care to Not by along shot. Thenew those listed as having previ- system is called Telident, and ously sued doctors. itpromises doctors access to a As if that wasn't enough, computerized list of people Telident also asks subscribing who have pressed malpractice doctors to reportthe names of suits. physicianswho have testified "Did thepatient sue the last for plaintiffs in malpractice hospital ?"asks the company's suits. "Who signed the Cer- brochure,which bearsan eerie tificate of Merit? Was he Next, SALT Beach Towels? so?" asks the resemblance in tone to a plug qualified to do Hold on toyour pyramid, and bronze your Star of David for a drive-in funeral home. company. "Notify Telident —if all know who he a recent advertisement in The Washington Post is any "Itis a public record," thead- that we may indication, we may be in for a flood of Middle-East-Peace- vertisement continues. "Let is," it advises. us sharethe The service also lists Treaty commemorativememorabilia. memory." pa- Fast behind the news of the treatysigning, a New York The $150-a-year service is tients with unpaid medical described as re- and even claims to an- travel agency began hawking something it calls The Peace "malpractice bills, Tour. "Egypt and Israel TOGETHER AT LAST!" pro- assurance," and its promo- swer the question, "Spent the the which tional literature advises doc- insurance check?" claims ad, offersa package deal of a weekin each country, and urges travelers to "follow in the steps of the tors that this "malpractice Telident promoters say it's heads of state who made this control deviceis best used be- an idea whosetime has come. trip possible."

less-than-$40format, the six- six-foot rope to the bucket Ed Teller's Kitchen Tips? page illustratedguide goes on handle. Now swing the rope The U.S. Attorney's office piecesays, "Bomb sheltersare togive simple advice on build- around your head as fast as recently delayed publication for losers. Who wants to hud- ing an H-bomb without any possible. Keep this up for of a magazine containing a dletogether underground,eat- special equipment. For ex- about 45 minutes satirical article on how to ing canned Spam? Winners ample, the directions to en- A safety note from the edi- build own want to thebutton them- rich uranium say, "Fill a tors tells would-be bomb your hydrogen push standard-size bucket one- bomb at the kitchen table— selves Using - builders to use plastic jugs before the government had the traditional quarter full of liquid and gloves when handling even seen the directions. Christmas- — uranium hexafluor- hydrofiuoric acid "to prevent ide. Attach a The spoof appeared in the gifts-you-can- — dissolution of hands." Other April 13th issueof the radical ma ke - for- safety tips include recommen- bi-monthlySeven Days. It was dations to keep your uranium inspired by the recent con- indifferent buckets in separate troversy over the federal cornersof the room to prevent clampdown on The Progres- premature build-up of a criti- sivemagazine, which has been cal mass, and to "avoid in- prevented from publishing an haling plutonium [by] hold- article about the H-bomb. ing your breath while han- That piece, says Progressive dling it." spokespersons, is not a how- Finally, the directions sug- to pieceand contains no clas- gest housing the bomb "in an sifiedinformation. Civil liber- attractive console of your tarians have feared that the choice." decision to restrain The Pro- When Seven Days marched gressii'e may set a precedent into court with attorneys Mar- for government restrictions tin Stolarand WilliamKunst- on nonclassified security-re- 1cr, the government backed lated information. down, and the magazinewent The introduction to the al- to press—more than a week most-banned Seven Days late. Frontlines and news-magazine-typepro- gramming that is not inter- Rebels Seek nally produced. "More than 95 percent of Write-Off the entertainment program- Even Moslem guerrilla ming on the networks is pro- fighters get the (empty pock- duced by independents," ets) blues: Seven of them re- points out Eric Lieberman, cently kidnapped an Amer- attorney for the filmmakers. ican missionary in the Philip- "Yet virtually none of the pines, and held him hostage public affairs programs are. for more than three weeks, Ifthe networks had monopol- asking for $60,000 ransom. ized entertainment program- Later, Philippine military ming in the same way, we sources reported that the would not have seen the Moslem rebels reduced their changes that we have seen demands, asking only for "re- overthe years." imbursement" of expenses The plaintiffs, some of they incurred while kidnap- America's top documentary ping the Reverend LloydVan filmmakers, include Joel Le- Vactor. vitch, Saul Landau, D. A. The guerrillas claimed to Pennebaker,Barbara Kopple, have invested in three power- St. ClairBourne, Emil deAn- ful outboard motors, and in tonio,Albert and David May- fatigue uniforms in order to sles and Amanda Pope. pose as soldiers for the ab- ABC and CBS have called duction. thesuit"without merit,"while At lastword, the kidnapped NBC has declined to com- Van Vactorhad beenreleased, ment. The independents pre- but there are conflicting re- Fortune Boogies Out dict that the suit will even- portsas to exactly why. While bothchurch officialsand mili- Department of Images: A groundbreaking event in tually come to trial, although occurredthis when rockmusicians notfor at least ayear. tarysources reportedly turned image-making spring, pop down theransom demand, ru- the Bee Gees agreed to appear on the cover of Fortune mor that the magazine in three-piecesuits. What arethe Brothers Gibb, persists $2,000 still expense voucher may have hotfrom Saturday Night Fever,doing on the pages that Smart been honored. represent the cool millions? Safety Sitting under the headline "Three Tycoons Called the Tip From Fed Bee Gees," for a cover article called "Growth Rocks the Kudos to the old Atomic Recor.çl Industry," of course. Thepiece says, "Rock sells so Commission Reality Clip well that it now comes in almost as different varieties Energy (NEC), many which always got right to the as dogfood." It cites as one influenceon themarket the free core of the Critical records in "the thousands of disco problem. advertising get parlors Mass Journal reports the re- that keep people up tilldawn all over the country." sults of a look at AEC Fortune the stars with Brooks Brothers suits for files, provided just obtained by the Union of the pose. The brothers were "pleased" with the results, a Concerned Scientists under researcher from the magazine said, "but also worried that the Freedom of Information their fans would feel rippedoff. The Bee Gees—lookingso of Act. It seems that the AEC straight—like they're making piles money?" looked intoabove-average ra- dioactivity levels in water polistic and discriminatory from a laboratory sink and a TV Networks practices in a $234 million drinking fountain in the La civil antitrust suit. Claiming Crosse power plant, in Genoa Take Flak that the networks' policy isto Wisconsin, in 1969. The City, The The first case to challenge deprive the public of diversity investigation revealed that a From Washington Post, the three major televisionnet- in news programming, the in- hose there connected a well- D. M. Walter, Wash., D.C. works' right to produce all dependents saythat refusal to water tap to a 3,000-gallon their own news and public af- deal with outside suppliers of radioactive waste tank. "Frontlines" is edited by Zina fairs programming is now public affairs shows consti- The AEC's conclusion? Kiapper. With thanks to Army winding through the courts. tutes a group boycott. "The coupling of a cOntam- Times, Donnie Dionne, Vicki Twenty-six independent In addition to damages, the mated system with a potable Dompka, Thellen Levy, Mili- producers and directors are plaintiffsare asking thecourts water system is considered tarism Memo, Rick Potthoff, charging CBS, ABC, NBC to order the networks to air poor practice,in general Barbara Zheutlin and Zodiac arid their affiliateswith mono- documentary, public affairs —DickHoch, Connecticut News Service. I.— 728. A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 762. The Hundred YearsWar: The English 14thCentury. By Barbara Tschmao. in France,1337—1453.ByDesmondSeward. $15.95/$9.95 $1 1.95/$8.95 606. The MycenaeanWorld. 163. MedievalHistory: The Life and ByJohn Chadwick. $17.95/si 1.95 Deathof a Civilization.By Norman F Cantor. $1 658. Stonewallin the Valley:T.J. Take 3 all for 99 1.95/$8.95 Stonewall'Jakkson'sShenandoah Valley any 550. The Early Greeks.By R.J. Hopper. Campaign, Spring 1862.By Robert G. Tanner. values with 525.00/513.00 $lO.O0/$7.95 up to $75.00 trial membership 776. Richardthe Lionheart.By John 740. History ofRome. By Michael Grant. 4 GOOD REASONSTO TRY THE HISTORY BOOK CLUB Gilhingham. This legendaryking emerges as $17 .50/$11.50 oneof the ablestever to sit on the British Big cash savings. Last year our members saved 33% on their throne. 754. MedievalEngland: A SocialHistory club Your total as trial 512.50/58.50 and from the to 1600 purchases. savings a member, including Archaeology Conquest this can be morethan 50%. 773. RomanBritain: Outpostof the A.D.By Cohn Platt. 025.00/512.95 introductoryoffer, Empire. ByH.H. Scuhlard. Newdiscoveries of 732. Gordon Liberal bonus plan. You can qualify for added savings through the periodwhen Celtic and Romancultures Germany: 1866—1945. By Craig. came $19.95/$12.95 bonus books, selected fromour fulllist of150-200 fine works. together. $14.95/$9.90 107. The World ofthe Huns: Studies in In its 33 the Club has distributed 771. The Bunker:The History ofthe Reich Exceptional quality. years, P O'Donnell. Their History and Culture. over 1,000books, including 68 award winners. Our books are the ChancelleryGroup. ByJames By O.J. Maenchen-Helfen. $25.00/s16.00 The incrediblelast days insideHitler's equal ofpublishers' editions, not economy reprints. hideout. 513.95/59.50 673. Andrew Andthe Course Jackson: of Benefits. four weeks times a American Empire 1767—1821. Membership Every (13 year) you'll 780. Burgoyneof Saratoga:A Biography. VRemini. receive our Reviewand a dated reply card. If you want the Edi- By GeraldHowson. The story of the poet, ByRobert $15,00/$9.95 and militarist whowas one ofthe 546. The Celts. Gerhardllerrn. tors' Choice, do nothing; the book will come automatically.If playwright By want another or no bookat return the card the most fascinatingfigures ofthe 18th century. $12.50/58.50 you book, all, by $17.50/5 12.50 729. The World of MI. date specified. (Book shipmentswill be charged to your account Odysseus.By Finley. low member's 790. Black Hills,White Sky: Photographs $10.00/57.95 at prices, plus postage-and-packing.) If you from the Collectionof the Arvada Center should an unwanted book because had less than 10 464. The Twelve Caesars. ByMichael Grant. get you days Foundation.Selected& with commentary by $1 to decide, you may return it and pay nothing. We guarantee Alvin M.Josephy,Jr. The transformationof 2.50/58.75 the BlackHills ofSouth Dakota from 274. The Age ofArthur. ByJohn Morris. postage. HS79B frontier tocivilization. Britishhistory from 350—650A.D. r $19.50/$13.50 $17.50/5 11.95 I 736. TwoRothschilds and the Landof The Book Conn.06904 Israel. SimonSchama. A reassessment of 478. China's Past: An History Club, Stamford, I 13y Imperial the role of the Rothschilds in the genesis ofa Introduction toChinese and Please enroll me as trial member and send me the four books History a Jewish homeland. 815.95/510.25 Culture.By Charles0. Hucker. $17.50/s 11.95 whose numbers I have entered below. Bill those on the left at 99t 796. Powerand in 414. RussiaUnder the Old for all three and the fourth at the low member'sprice, plus postage- I Imagination: City.States Regime. RenaissanceItaly. ByLauro Martines. A ByRichard Pipes. Analysis of 1000years of and-packing. Russian ______i splendidstudy ofthe politicaland cultural growth. $17.50/$10.95 forces whichshaped the achievementsof the 520. Plagues and Peoples.By William H. Italian Renaissance. $15.95/$9.95 McNeill.Impact ofdiseases on civilizations from tothe 700. Man'sRise toCivilization: The prehistory present. $10.00/57.75 I may return the bookswithin three weeks atyour expense and owe Cultural Ascentof the Indians ofNorth 157. The History ofthe Vikings. nothing.Or I will buyfour more selections within a year (not count- America.By Peter Farb. 815.00/59.95 choices and then I at time. All Club ByGwyn Jones. 815.00/59.95 ing my above), may resign any 596. Modern EuropeanThought: purchases are at low member'sprices, and a postage-and-packing 744. CombinedOperations inthe Civil fee isadded toall Continuityand Change inIdeas, War.By Rowena Reed. $16.95/s 10.95 shipments. MJ.OOS 1600—1950. ByFL. Baumer. $14.95/$9.90 690. The White Man's Indian. PrintName 347. The Armyof the Caesars. ByRobert F Berkhofer. $15.00/$9.95 I ByMichael Grant. $15.00/59.95 707. History ofthe WestwardMovement. I 558. Outof Chaos. By LouisJ. Hahle. A FrederickMerlc. The from of nature and the By great migration City grand sweep history—of Europeto California. $20.00/si 1.95 I universe,of man, hisscience, art and civilization. 665. The Hittites: And Their State Zip______520.00/512.95 in Asia Minor. 324. Alexanderthe Great. Contemporaries c ada Moho Tb mry5oobckb6OvedeaBIndmroaaoM4HLCanada ByJ.G. Macqueen. $10.00/$ll.00 L J ByRobin Lane Fox. $15.00/59.95 MOTHER JONES

Diagnosing Marriage Dr. D. Says It's Terminal

By Hugh Drummond, M.D.

Illustration by M. K. Brown

ARRIAGE HAS NOT been healthy ratesof mental and physicalillness and, band, parents, in-laws, friends,assumes for women. Decent relation- consequently, shorter life spans than that his career is more important than M ships with companionship, sex singlewomen. In contrast, married men hers and that his "helping out" in and homemaking are automatically have less illness and live longer than houseworkis just that—helping her in and unconsciouslytransformed into a singlemen. Marriage seems to be good what is presumedby everyoneto be her caricature of the whole social order. for men and bad for women. The ob- primary task. It's like something out of Take a close look at marriageand you viouspublic healthconclusion from this The Invasion of the Body Snatchers, will find the whole system adumbrated, is that men should marry other men where some subtle, pervasive, alien lies and all. and leavewomen alone. conspiracy has taken hold of people The worstaspect of class oppression It may be a little while before that who were once thought to be trusted is that the oppressed internalize the particular cultural shift catches fire. In intimates. values and myths of the oppressor. the meantime, for those of us who are Oftenthe worst betrayal such women Womenhave cometo believethat secu- kicking through the rubble of hetero- feel is from their own mothers. Every rity and satisfactionare impossible out- sexuality for signs of life, marriage will young wife who goes through this side of marriage. Every time a woman continue to shed its grace. it might epiphany of humiliation, this sullen de- attempts suicide because she has been make sense for women and the few gradation ritual, harbors the smolder- left by a man and every time a writer open-minded men around to under- ing, unasked question, "Why didn't kills off his heroine when she has left stand what actually happens in mar- you tell me?" her husband, the Great Male Pantheon riage and why even wives who are not Jean Baker Miller's book Toward a quivers with delight.Women are very beaten are beaten. New Psychology of Women describes carefully taught that their only salva- Eleanor Dienstag's book, Whither the endlessjob of emotionalcaretaking tion is men. Thou Goest: the story of an uprooted that is the implacable burden of wives The reality is that most surveys wife, provides one impassioned descrip- and mothers. They are the cheerleaders measuring "personal satisfaction," tion of the process. Two bright, career- of industrial society. Their purpose isto "happiness" or "fulfillment"—how- driven professionals fall in love, live smooth the furrowed brow, to raise the ever they are defined—find womenwho together and marry. Soon after the spirits, to make possible and worth- have never married experiencingmore marriage a sense of horror and humili- while all the dumb, demented work satisfaction than married women. In ation slowly dawns in the woman, with that a mad social order wrings from addition, married women have higher the realization that everyone,her hus- its men. J1!LY 179 14 MOTHER JONES

(1 r -

j

F

JULY 1979 MU1IThk JO1Nl It does not matter much whether the professionalsas well as assembly-line As it turns out, the sensitivity of returningmale is a miner or a professor; workers.The more "privileged" prole- women to their husband's emotional his wife, knowingly or not, has the cul- tarians ofpost-industrial society do not needsis notso comfortablefor the men turally defined task of reading his face make fewer demands on their wives; either. One of the frequent sources of for signs of despair and doing her level they just get more wives. It takes at fighting in a marriage is an emotional best to get him back out there again the least two to keep the average physician over-reactiveness, a super sensitivity next day. She may have to fake an or- on his Type-Aschedule. that is merely a natural extension of gasm or two after the Ii o'clock news, Psychiatrists have an inordinately the wife's function. It's like a thermo- but, what the hell, he's her hero. A hus- high divorce rate. They have gone stat that is too sharply set at a critical band may notice a new dress or a drop through their first marriage by the time temperature, so that the on signal and of perfume behind his wife's ear, but it they hit 40. At that point, after a life- the off signal are precisely set to the is rare for him to be as sensitive to her time of striving, things are beginning "ideal." The problem is that as soon as shifting moods as she is to his. She has to crest career-wise and the gratifica- the furnace goes on, it shuts off again, to be. It is a survival skill shared with tions may be wearing a bit thin. As and as soon as it shuts off it turns on oppressedminorities, who arealso con- again. A less finely tuned thermostat, sidered inscrutable because their emo- one that allows for a lag, may not tional lives are left unattended. maintain the ideal temperature so well, Awife isreally putthrough her paces but neither will it wear out the furnace when her husband becomes unem- ina crazy effort atconstancy. One of the ployed. A patient of mine described reasons there is so much alcohol and how this affected her. "Every instinct 1 Valium in conflicted families is that ever had to do something for myself they provide an emotional buffer, a suddenly disappeared. 1 became noth- chemical screw-off. But soon the emo- ing but a wife. I didn't think about it. tional thermostat goes entirely dead. I didn't decide to do it. 1 just did it. I spentfour months cateringto him. And ISERABLE THOUGH IT may be now I can't forgive him." when the husband projects his In some households the tacit de- M vulnerability onto his wife, a mands ofmen for emotional sustenance more devastatingsituation occurs when take a less subtle form. When a super- the marital power-politics revolve en- visor victimizes a worker, a terrible "I have dise tirely around weaknessitself. There are entropy often results in a wife being finally familiesaround which the rim of secur- beaten. An increase in domestic vio- covered what it is ity is so narrow and the assaults so re- lence is the most predictable conse- lentless that narcissism takes second quence of unemployment. to love."(He means: place to survival. The fear of absolute Don't be fooled by the current inter- in love abandonment results in a desperate est in "husband abuse" as one of the "I have fallen competitionbased on reciprocal needi- great social problems of the day. Like with myself ness. Here, too, male domination references to "black racism," it ob- again.") emerges through murky permutations. scuresthe vastlymore pervasive reality. I have seen elderly couples who have A man biting a dog may make better usual they turn to their wives for "a spent 40 or more years locked in this news,but many more peopleare bitten little support." By thattime their wives kind of primitive combat. In one, for by dogs than the other way around. (who were generally high-energy people example, the wife had catered to her themselves but subordinated their as- alcoholic, dependent husband for most HETHER OR NOT physicalvio- pirations to their smart-ass, pushy hus- of his life. In the end, she developed a lenceor the impliedthreat of bands) are a little tired of the cheer- metastatic cancer that left her too en- W it takes place, wives are the leader role. They may say something feebled and in pain to carry on her inevitable beasts of burden in a slave not-so-supportive like, "I'm sick of domestic role. When she began de- society. Theworld ofmen is a friendless hearing about that pile of shit you call mandingsome caretaking from herhus- and terrifying place. They continue to work." Hurt and angry, the husband band to avoid being placed in a nursing grind themselves through it only be- findsa young social worker or graduate home, he responded by making a cause their wives become the ultimate student. She looks admiringly at him clumsy, abortive suicide attempt. He bearers of the tension and fear. The and he thinks, "I'm not so bad after claimedto be depressed because of her men can continue to "tough it out" all." He says to his friends (I have illness. A little probing revealed that only because their women experience heard it a dozen times), "I have finally behind the depression was resentment acute anxiety attacks and all the other discovered what it is to love." What he that he was now expected to serve his misery that derives from an insecure means is, "I have fallen in love with former servant. His desperate, slightly and alienatedworld. This is whycorpo- myselfagain." So the maggot-likework brain-damaged response was to show rations like prospective employees to of mental health goes on with each that, after all, he was still more de- be married: They get two dead souls shrink supported by a smallbattalion of pendent and needy than she. for the price of one. unpaid boosters of Male Professional Not even widowhood relieves such This is the case with executives and Narcissism. burdens. Women do much worse than

JULY 1979 16 /

FOR T\ \N IGHTLY COMPANY GOOD2" 19'9 $1.25 February Life in a Co-ed The Language AnimalHouse (.ompactn tbComputers by Aaroz La/ham I,j'John Simon The newestbarbarism: Over three thousand boys and Writing ESQUIRE in the co-ed and reading by' computer. 1 C) R T \"N,,N I C H T I. N girls live biggest dorm in America, at the University The Stuff of Texas. Right Life in a Co-edAnimal House (;tndt' to gear and gadgets by Aaron Lathain h1 Kleinand Anila Lec/erc Patty Hearst was Punished Nancy for Our Sins The Riddle of Sadat by Shana Alexander by GailSheehy 1iat does Pam'sstory really The man is the key to what has mean? In five years, she changed happened and what will happen from a hate object into a in the Middle East. sacrificiallamb. Haut Sport: English Jake's Libido Pheasantfor the A,nis /' Kings/c,' American Squire A hilarious excerpt from the by A/is/air Home authors new novl. Hisbest writingsince LuckyJim. The $350 Bowl of Soup by GeorgeLang The Thinking Man's Trip Its a venerable Chinese recipe. Around the World by John Kenneth Gaibraith The Godfather of The direction reversesSir Francis Neoconservatism Drake. but the purpose remains (And His Family) the same—exploration, adventure, by Geoffrey Norma,, and pillage. lring Kristol isthe power broker and central data bank for the Patty HearstWas Punished for Our Sins,by Shana Alexander A Day at the Dogfights neocon movement. Best Fiction Since'Lucks Jim.' b KingsleyAmis h, Harry Creu's Gaibraitli's Thinking Man's TripAround the V.tirld Americans There were naked Subscribe tiow by here. A,s one dog went for Moving into the pages of Esquire Fortnightly the other's throat and the crowd picking up the phone toll-free can be like walking into a rich and handsome room, placed itsbets, the author realized and dialing this filled with good compan' You'resurrounded by vital, he was among his people. number: (800) 247-2160. If rather energetic, strong, exciting writers and reporters. There's Dubious Achievement you'd put good talk,important information, wit, irreverence, Awardsfor it in writing, fill out and February in order thoughtful dissension,laughter. It's a great place to Our monthly booby prizes. mail the tear-off be, among good friends. form. High Life 24 issues for 12. Every fortnight, we bring you the good company Princes and Playboys only $ newsstand of our writers, rangingwidely throughthe worlds of by Taki Save 60% off the fictivenarrative and incisive journalism,of pungent Prince Victor Emmanuelwould he price. heir to the throne ofItaly—if there comment and practical information. were such a throne.Latel); he's got Ifcard is missingwrite: If missan issue of P0Box you Esquire Fortnightl,you're into a spot oftrouble with a gun. Esquire Forlnightly, 2961, missing many of the pleasuresand rewards we bring Boulder,Colorado $0321 you every fortnight. Full Disclosure is of some of the No Letup in Housing Here, listed, a sampling h Dan Dorfman rewarding reading of several issues. BeverlyHills real estate is up. up, ESQUIRE Come, join our good company. With pleasure. up.and outof sight. It's a pleasure. MOTHER JONES men after the death of a spouse. Fre- capacity for obedience.A more subtle the witheringaway of their capacity for quently enough, the men are married and social form of the same procedure pleasure,which has alwaysbeen athreat again within a year. Widows tend to is performed in the modern American to men.That'swhy witches were burned. carry on alone, ailing, impoverished marriage. In one couple I saw, the hus- and suffering a chronic depressionthat band justified screwing his secretary UT EVEN THE manipulation of feels like longing for their dead hus- because of his wife's "lack of sensual- pleasure is not the most horren- bands but which partakes of an un- ity." This meant that she didn't feellike B dous feature of married life for consciousresentment that was silted up fucking him whenever he felt horny. women. The health of their bodies is over the years. The guilt following this What later emerged was that whenever the final broker in the distribution of anger is more accessible than the anger she reallygot turned on, he became im- powerat home. itself, so, feeling like bad people, they potent by coming too soon. If she ac- Enhancing their husbands' self-es- go to their graves wringingtheir hands. tually became a little sexually aggres- teem is so deeply embedded a marital When you have seen many such intheir sive, like wanting to get on top, his function that wives will actually get decliningyears, you are forced to look penis immediately became limp. He sick in order to allow their husbands to for the social forces at work. was not aware of it, but he was sub- feelstronger andbetter than they. Since Society's incursion into the inner life jecting her to a classic operant condi- men frequently behave like babies in of marriage extends to the erotic as tioning program, training her to be grown-up bodies, women have to be- well. All power-hungry people know compliant and to suppress her sexual- come very sick in order to be more dis- what a threat sensuality presents to ity. And then, with the excuse of her abled—sometimesthey become para- them. In the final showdown between not beingsexy enough, he went around lyzed to let their husbands appear obedience and pleasure, pleasure al- training other womento be compliant. competent. ways has the upper hand. That's why It is very impressive how men un- Agoraphobia has becomea common corporations work so hard at simulat- consciously but conscientiously use disease. It results in people becoming ing laughter on televisionand portray- their impotence as an instrument of house-bound because of the sheer ter- ing cigarette smokers and whiskey power over women. Since most wonien ror experienced in the streets. The dis- drinkers as if they were coming all the are terrified of being considered "cas- ease has done much for shareholdersin time. If advertisers can convince the trating," when a man loses his erection Roche Laboratories and CIBA-Geigy, public thatjoy residesin the consump- the womanhe is with isquick to assume Corp., the companiesthat make Vali- tion of their products, they will have that she is at fault. In fact, the threatof um and Tofranil, the favored drugs of bought more time for the Empire. impotence has been the most effective treatment. It has also provided a bo- In more "primitive" societies men way for men to get whatever they want nanza inthe behavior modification mar- actually perform clitoridectomies to in bed, everythingfrom the avoidance ket as phobias in general lend them- make sure that women's capacity for of condoms to fancy blowjobs.The net selves to desensitization techniques. pleasure does not interfere with their effect is the subjugation of women and The purveyorsof these treatments gen- erally ignore three fascinating epi- demiological factsabout agoraphobics: they tend to be women,they tendto be married andthey tend not to have been agoraphobic before their marriages. Despite the Freudian contention that neuroses are implanted by age six, it is impressive how many of these women led active lives before their marriages. The usual psychoanalytic argument is that phobiashave to do with issuesthat rattle betweenthe id and the super-ego, generally dealing with what psycho- analysts care most about: cocks. The reality is that agoraphobia has more to do with power between hus- bands and wives. One seriesof studies by Julian Hafner that appeared in the British Journal of Psychiatry in 1977 seems to demonstrate this. Hafner was interestedin whether the self-esteem or emotional well-beingof one partner in marriage depended on the neurotic disability of the other. He studied 33 agoraphobic women and their husbands and found that after successfultreatment of the wives, the husbands showed significantincreases JULY 1979 20 MOTHER JONES in hostility and neuroticism as meas- emotion," a "tendency to minimize the if the decisionis to be approached with uredon standardized tests. When some significance oftheir illness,""repressed the same cost-benefit mentality as any of the wives relapsed, the husbands behavior" and "hopelessness" as other transaction, it does not look like showed improvement in their own among the features associated with a good deal at all. scores. One husband attempted suicide patients having a higher risk of various And yet you will marry, again and four months after his wife's treatment. cancers.One of themost dramatic find- again. There seems to be a hunger for He stated that with her recoveryhe felt ings of one study, however, was that something in it. Maybe the reason it uselessand inadequate.Two husbands aniong 35 women with cancer of the was made "holy" in the distant past became clinically depressed when the breast, those who were able to express was because it whispereda promise of focus of dissatisfaction in the marriage anger lived longer than those who were something beyond the benefits of a shifted from their wives' agoraphobia pliantand cooperative. contract. to their own sexual difficulties. With Well, what is to be done? For men And there are occasional moments four of the husbands, the wives' re- the first task is to understand.We have in rare marriages when a strange thing covery reawakened abnormal jealousy, to see how issuesof power invadeevery happens. After a couple has wandered which in one of them became a florid aspect ofevery relationship in a society through a bit of shared history, when paranoid psychosis. He recovered that worships it. Difficult as it is, the they have stopped lying to each other shortly after his wife resumed her ago- best of us, as much as the worst of us, and themselves, when they have raphobic behavior.One wife developed must see how endlessly the need to stopped fighting for small advantages, severe low back pain with no organic dominate unfolds within us. For those when they have given up the smallest basis, a symptom that served the same struggling against it, the pain can be part ofego, then there may be a fleeting marital function as agoraphobia, re- very intense. Every step of liberation experience of a sense of absolute pres- ducing the marital fighting that seems to thrust one into a new pattern enceand absolute union. It issomething emerged when her phobia disappeared. of domination. It's like a bad dream in between the erotic andthe spiritualand We have yet to learn just how much which a person keepsentering the same makes everythingdifferent. neurotic behavior in women is a func- room from which he has just emerged. Such an experience, though elusive tion ofmarriage—their own, notthat of Should you marry? Ifyou were fool- and barely imagined, draws us into Oedipus or their parents. ish enough to ask and I foolish enough marriage against every rational judg- But neurosis is small potatoes and to advise, I would say no. Doctors' ment. Real or not, it is a crystalline hint the word itself will soon disappear. In best judgments are made in the prosaic of what the world's democratic and order to make a few bucks the Amer- plains of probability, not among the socialist dreams have always been ican Psychiatric Association is reshuf- peaks and crevices of possibility. And about. U flingand remarketing its Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Menial Disorders; in the latest version they have done away with the neuroses.It may be too MOUNTAIN improvident a cure, but they had to WILDERNESS make to make changes money. SURVIVAL HE INEVITABLE RESPONSE to any by Craig Patterson statement about the effects of op- $4.95 T pression is that the oppressed either deserve or enjoy their condition. "Because we know Ifthere is so much misery inthe power- Craig Patterson's ad- lessness of wives, they probably want vice and experience, it that way. This argument comes em- we will have not only bellished with rape fantasies and is the the tools for survival, lastbastion of maledomination in mar- but for finding enjoy- riage. It doesn'twork. No matter how ment where the unin- much the victimblames herself,there is itiated find trouble." always a residue of anger. It cannot be drowned in alcohol or calmed with Galen Rowell tranquilizers or placated with psycho- Every hiker, backpacker, therapy. If it is not expressed, it will climber and smolder within and eventually erupt camper, cross-country as rage, suicide or the great paradigm ski enthusiast may at some time need of our social pathology, cancer. to know and use clear and simple tips The June 23, 1978 issue of Science, a for survival in the wilds. magazinenot given to mysticism,sum- marized someof the research about the To ordersend $4.95 plus$1 postageand handlingto AndIOr of cancer. Book Conspiracy, P.O. Box 2246, Berkeley, CA 94702. Expect3-8 psychosomatic aspects weeksfor delivery.For first class mail,send $1 additional. Among the studies quoted were ones that described "poor expression of I JULY 1979 21 MOTHER JONES

He Who Strikes First Introduction by Richard J. Barnet

H DRILL FOR death we call who work in some capacity for the the arms race has entered a Pentagon would have to look for new,more dangerousphase. other work. As the articles that follow But weapons cannot be sold with- T es- make clear, the United States is out selling targets at the same time, calating its "defense" efforts—SALT and selling targets requires selling or nO SALT—andthere is, of course, threats. Thus, every last weapon is no defense. Accordingto the Depart- needed, they tell us, to keep the Rus- ment of Defense, 100 nuclear weap- sians out of Philadelphia. Since 1976, ons falling on the U.S. will kill 37 the country has been in the midst of million peopleand destroyabout two- an orchestrated campaign to resell thirdsof our industrial capacity. The the "Soviet threat." Patently ridic- Sovietsalready have more than 5,000 ulous bomb shelters(see page 29) are nuclear weapons; that we have twice TheU.S. is escalating on their wayback. The Committee on as many will not save a singlelife. its defense efforts. the Present Danger, a well-funded Had President Carter applied his band of unreconstructed Cold War- campaign notions about "zero-based But SALT or no SALT, riors, has flooded the country with budgeting" to military appropria- there is, of course, statistics,quotes from Lenin anddark tions, he would have scratcheda good no defense. hints that the President is part of a part of the $1.8 trillion we are slated conspiracy to conceal our military to spend over the next ten years.These flabbiness from the American people. missiles and other weapons buy no additional security. These self-appointed elders warn: "If present trends Indeed, for reasons made clear in the pieceon page 24, continue, the Soviets will have military superiority." first-strike weaponsmake us considerablyless secure. (The Soviets have been running hard to catch up, but The newmilitary game creates a "launch on warning" they have made repeated offers to negotiate an end to world, in which planners will tolerate no chance of all new weaponsdevelopment.) havingtheir weapons destroyedon the ground. In times The Soviet threatis easily sold because most Ameri- of doubt,"prudent" planners will assumethat the other cans long nostalgically for a world in which the only side is about to attack. First-strike strategies will no serious military power is the United States.This is why longer be an option—theywill be central to the plan. few people—least of all the workers assembling our How did it happen that after a decade of détente we bombs (see page 34)—question the hawks' insanelogic. have a resurgence of the arms race? The first explana- The Pentagon hopes to convincethe country that build- tion points to the military-industrialcomplex, by now ingnew missiles will make us safer.But the history of the as much a fixture of our form of government as the arms race suggests that the opposite is true. More Supreme Court. Without the military version of De- weaponsmeans more danger. Those who create the first- troit's annual trade-in (see article on page 41), the one- strike technology that makes nuclear war more likely third to one-half of the nation's engineersand scientists are the greatest threatto our national security.

JULY 1979 22 first strike (f€irst strik)n. l.An attack that seeks to destroy as much of the enemy's megatonnage as pos- sible, before it can be brought into play. MOTHER JONES

Attack Now The Pentagon Reaches For The Button

By Eric Mankin

OU MUST NEVER put aloaded nuclear weapons on stage, with the rifle on the stage, if no one avowedintention of neverusing them, is going to fire it," Anton to the point where many people have Chekhov once wrote ina let- forgotten they are there. But now, tery to a The Russian dram- the form of the colleague. both the weapons and atist's rule, unfortunately,isn't sole- announced intentions behind them ly applicable to the theater. Prepara- seemto be shifting in asignificant way. tions for war have a wayof leading to Robert Aldridge, the author of wars. The nature of the preparations what was recently the No. 2 non- changesfrom time totime, though the fiction bestseller in Japan, lives in intentis usually easy enough to read. Santa Clara, California, just up the When King Edward III of England road from the phenomenal concen- decreed in 1337 that, to quote one of tration of American electronic skill his contemporaries, "no one in the If RobertAidridge's known as SiliconValley. Here, on the realm of England, on pain of decapi- bestseller hazy flats surrounding the southern tation, should practice any game or Japanese reaches of San Francisco Bay, are the sportother than that of shooting with is correct, American laboratories and factories that have bow andarrow, and that all craftsmen factories are now brought forth a revolution in think- making bows and arrows should be preparingfor \VW III. ing machinery—and are now, if Al- exempted from all debts," and when dridge's Japanese bestselleris correct, Edward next ordered his lords to bringing forth the means for the teach their children French, it was clear enough what United States to win a third world war, SALT treaty or wason his mind. Everyonewas surprised,however, that no SALT treaty. the wars dragged on for 190 years. Similarly, when Aldridge, a spare, bony, intense man in his 50s, has PresidentJohn Kennedyassembled and equipped lightly paid the dues todiscuss the subject. For sixteenyears he armed, air-mobile infantry, suitable for putting down was an engineerfor the LockheedCorporation, helping what were then called "brush-fire wars," it was not long to perfect the systems that made it possible to launch beforean occasionpresented itself for theiruse in Indo- missiles from submarines: first the Polaris missile, then china. This war, too, did not work out exactly as its the Poseidon. For years Aidridgeshuttled betweenCali- planners had calculated. fornia and the Nevada nuclear-device testing range, For 27 years, the United States has been bringing supervising detachments of engineers enlisted for the — JULY 1979 24

MOTHER JONES Cold War arms race. He began to feel shotgun, if the purpose of the weapon programs. Despite the ironic, often pa- uneasy as a discrepancybroadened be- is what the United States once said thetic attempts by the government to tween the announced purposes of the was the only purpose of American bribe and manipulate people into hur- programshe was workingon and what, strategic weapons: retaliation for an riedly building bomb shelters (a fiasco as anengineer, he could clearly see they enemy attack. There is, in fact, only described in Gar Smith's article on were designedto do. one kind of target for which such ac- page 29), the emphasis is shifting from In 1973,after soul-searching and long curacy is necessary: someone else's the l950s-style, run-for-cover-under- consultation with his wife (he has been missile silos. Firststrike, not retaliation. your-deskshelter program, to plans for married 32 years), he quit Lockheed. Science magazine, in a three-part ar- the evacuation ofentire cities. The cru- His wife, a homemaker, became a ticle about arms-control problems, cial comparison here is between the teacher's aide and helped support the somewhat ingenuously attributed this time required for evacuation (visualize family. At the time, six ofthe Aldridge's increasein accuracyto what the author rush-hour traffic)and the flight time of ten children were living at home. But of the series, Deborah Shapley, called a missile travelingat 20 times the speed Aidridgebrushes off the courage of the "technological creep." Small, incre- of sound (10-30minutes). Evacuations step he took, offhandedly: "If people mental improvements, made over the make no sense unless you are planning look at it like that," he says, "they years in the course of apparently rou- on fighting a war, not deterring one. never take the step. People get laid off tine housekeeping, added up almost in the aerospace industry all the time. accidentally she said, to a threatening LL OF THESE developments At least we were able to plan for it." new configuration:"the world of abso- are accompaniments to a Since 1973 Aidridge has been study- lute accuracy." Still, whether we came basic change in American ing the shape of the American arsenal. by the power by innocent "creep," or, A defense policy. For years, And he has found that the trend he de- as Aldridge believes, by design, deadly duringthe Cold War, the official United tected—toward an American atomic accuracyis within easy reach—and we Statespolicy was "massiveretaliation." arsenal aimed not at maintaining the are reaching. "The United States has American forces were to sit out any balance of terror, but at having the acquired this capability [of destroying first strike by an adversary (i.e., the ability to start and win a nuclear war the Soviet land-basedmissile force in a USSR) and still, in a second strike, in- —has continued and accelerated. His first strike]," Science concluded, "de- flict fatal damage. What this doctrine book, TheCounterforce Syndrome, puts spite the official U.S. doctrine . . . that impliesis that Americanmissiles would forth the arguments in some detail. (A U.S. forces exist to deter a nuclear war be targeted on Soviet cities, not on forthcoming book, First Strike, has rather than to fight and win it." Soviet missile-launching silos and air- just been translated into Japanese and Anti-submarine warfare. The sub- fields, since, as Aldridge puts it, "it will be published there this year. It is marine-launched ballistic missile is does not make senseto retaliate against currently being considered for publi- presentlythe ultimate weapon. It may empty silos." cation in thiscountry.) not be for long, at least for the Soviet As Americanmissile accuracieshave The developmentsAidridge empha- Union. Improvements in our navy's increased, the targets of our missiles sizes are occurring across a range of Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS), have changed. The beginnings of this defenseprograms. They include: a networkof supersensitiveunderwater policy shift were apparent in 1974, Missile accuracy. When the first in- listeningposts, have made it possible to when then-Secretaryof Defense James tercontnental ballistic missiles trackevery boat in the ocean, whencon- Schlesinger announced a new plan for (ICBMs) were introducedat the end of ditions are good. Improvementsnow in "restrained" attacks against selected the l950s,they could not becounted on development, according to Aldridge, Soviet missile emplacements: counter- to land closerthan five miles from their should make it possible for the U.S. force strikes. That Schlesinger was not target. Since then, missile accuracyhas Navy to know by the mid-l980s,under speakingmerely for theNixon adminis- steadily improved. Presently, Minute- all conditions, where every Soviet sub- tration became apparent this year, man III missiles can reliably drop war- marine is. This would put the navy in a when DefenseSecretary Harold Brown, heads within a 750-foot-radiuscircle. positionto sink themall, simultaneous- in his annual report, explicitly stated The Missile-X(M-X) guidance systeni, ly—a prerequisitefor an Americanfirst that the historic doctrine of massive just approved, and the proposed Tri- strike. retaliation "was no longer credible." dent II submarine missile systems will At the same time, the United States' Instead, Brown said, the United shave this even further. And if certain submarine force iS becoming steadily States "should be able to cover 'hard' improvements now on the drawing more formidable.Now going into op- targets[a "hard" targetis one protected board are incorporated, by the mid- eration is the Trident system—bigger, against blast, such as amissile silo]with l980s a ballistic missile fired in Hawaii faster,quieter subs equippedwith much atleast one reliablewarhead with capa- theoretically could land separate war- bigger, longer-range, more powerful, bility to destroy that target." heads insideselected addressesin Bos- more accurate missiles. Each Trident To remove any ambiguityabout pre- ton, NewYork, Philadelphia,Washing- submarine will carry anywhere from cisely what "hard" targets were on the ton and 16 other Eastern seaboard 168 to 408 nuclear warheads. Protests hit list, Brown went on to lament the cities. against the Trident notwithstanding, fact that, presently, the United States Since a nuclear warhead is capable the U.S. may build as many as 30 of doesn't have "high confidence of de- of blastinga craterup toa milein diam- these craft by the rnid-l990s. stroying a large percentage of Soviet eter, this kind of accuracy makes as Civil Defense. Once again, govern- missile silos and otherhard targets with much sense as a telescopic sight on a ment plans are afoot for civil defense ballistic missiles." JULY 1979 26 MOTHER JONES There has been one change from the Nixon/Schlesinger/Kissinger years. This strategic defense policy is no longercalled a "counterforcestrategy." The new name is "countervailingstrat- egy." Apart froni the incongruity of this policy in the administration of a president who, as a candidate, set an end to nuclear weapons production as a goal, little seems to have changed. There is one problem with the "coun- ter. . ." use of nuclear weapons. It can- not win a war. "We are talking about successive bombardments," Brown said, "delivered by long-range missiles and bombers with nuclear weapons, weapons that are capable of destroying targets and producing large amounts of lethal radiation, but quite incapable of holding or occupying territory, or even of blockadingit." Your tax dollars are now at work at- tempting to remedy this deficiency. In Los Angeles and in Virginia, think tanks under government contract are trying to figure out if there is some spe- cial combination of Soviet targets whose destruction would bring about desirable (from the American point of view) political effects. "We have never really thought the thing through," a Pentagon thinker explained to The Washington Post. One plan being ex- plored is "employing strategic nuclear weapons to achieve regionalization of the Soviet Union." This would be anal- ogous to a Soviet plan to use nuclear weapons to resurrect the Confederacy. Another bright idea, now being mulled over in Vienna, Virginia, is to figure out a strike pattern that would kill the Soviet leadershipand presum- ably leave the Sovietstate flailing help- lessly. Similarly, in California, a group called Analytical Assessments Corpo- ration (4640 Admiralty Way, Marina del Rey 90291, [213] 822-2571) is try- ingto find a way, with the right kind of bombing, "of bringing about the col- lapse of the Soviet government that now exists, but without massive de- providedusduringthatwatershedevent bigger missiles. struction of that country." isnow rememberedin the United States This state of affairs has created a Why the switch to a more threaten- with nostalgia, andin the SovietUnion vulnerabilityin Americandomestic pol- ing nuclear posture? Basically, it is not with the determinationnot to let ithap- itics: if a liberal Democrat like JFK a switch; it is merely an attempt to re- pen again. During the distractions of could make an issue out of a missile instate what was for years the status the Vietnam War, this country's rela- gap at a time when the United States quo. In 1962, during the Cubanmissile tive advantage declined, to the point had virtual nuclearhegemony, imagine crisis, the Soviet Union was, notwith- that the strategicarsenals of the Soviet what a conservative Republicancould standing Kennedy election rhetoric Union and the United States are now do now. And the conservative Repub- about a "missile gap," grossly out- more nearly equal than they have ever licans are already gearing up. Throw in classed in terms of deliverable nuclear been: we have better submarines and the recent American foreign-policy fi- weapons. The leverage this advantage more warheads; they have more and ascos, from the fall of Vietnam to the JULY 1979 27 MOTHER JONES disintegration of Iran, and you have nuclear weapons—which is to say, all gers of nuclear weapons. the makingsof an atmospherein which testing. Such tests are essential for de- In the late '50s, demonstrations in the governmentcan be counted on to veloping new weapons. The treaty, thestreets helped forcean end to atomic give blank checks to weapons mer- which has been 20years in negotiating, testing in the atmosphere and removed chants and their military symbiotes. is finally ready for ratification. The the disarmament issue from the surface SALT II will change almost none of Soviet government, after long resist- of public consciousnessfor two and a this, whether or not it is ratified. Right ance, yielded on key issues. It is now half decades. Now, inevitably, it is now, our strategic arsenal includes ready toallow the settingup of seismic- creeping into the public conscience. about 10,000 warheads. Even if the monitoring apparatus to guardagainst Late in 1977, over 12,000 scientists agreementis signed, weapons programs possible cheating and to allow on-site and engineers from around the world, now underway would, without violat- inspection of the sites of suspicious, including 27 Nobel Prize winners, ing it, add thousands of new warheads small seismic events. The Senate isn't signed a resolution sponsored by the to this figure. This is, indeed, planned, scheduledto even discuss the test-ban Union of Concerned Scientists, "a and the fact that SALT II won't inter- treaty until after SALT—sometime in declaration on the nuclear arms race," fere is being used as one of the agree- 1980, perhaps even later—unlessmuch calling for an American initiative to ment's selling points. Still, in direct more pressureis applied than has been stop the development of new weapons. terms of the arms race, the question of apparent so far on the nuclear dis- The initiative would have the United whether or not the U.S. ratifies the armament issue. States simply publiclyannounce thatit treaty is much less important than the There seems to be at least a chance would halt all underground nuclear question of whether or not the United that this will happen. In the past four testing, and that it would not field-test Statesgoes ahead and builds the M-X years, political resistanceand civil dis- or deploy any new nuclear weapons or and the Trident missile systems, which obediencehas slowed the introduction missile defense systems for a period of the Carter administration is already of nuclear power plants to a crawl. As two to three years, provided only that committedto doing. more people are thinking about the the Soviets followed suit in some rea- issueof nuclearpower—and events like sonable time after the announcement. HILE THE PRESS noise is Harrisburg—the corollary between The scientists emphasized that these focused on SALT II, far reactors and bombs is becoming in- actionswould notjeopardize American more important in the creasingly obvious. There is perhaps security. With satellite surveillance, long run is the compre- some room for disagreementabout the they said, "we would know ifthe Soviet W would were hensive test-ban treaty, which dangers of nuclear power plants; there Union not following our lead. eliminate all underground testing of is complete agreement about the dan- Shouldthe recommendedinterruptions not bear fruit, the interruption in test- ing would hardly degrade our security. It takes many years to develop and de- ARMS RACE FRONTRUNNERS ploy strategic weapons systems, and Nuclear weapons production has been a virtually recession-proofindustry for our strength is such that a short delay the 27 years the United States has been engagedin it on a large scale. Businessis of the sort we recommend cannot put now picking up. On November 19, 1978, the Pentagon launched "its most ambi- the U.S. at risk." tious miclear weapons production program in two decades," according to The That was one and a half years ago. Washington Post. Private industry is doing its duty in this effort, ina competition- The United Statesis now in the process freeatmosphere of guaranteed profit. of Right-testing the new Trident mis- Rockwell International ("Where science gets down to business") fabricates sile. More accurate Minuteman war- plutonium and berylliumbomb components at the Rocky Flats plant inColorado, heads andthe M-X missileare on deck. outside of Boulder. The plantis owned by thegovernment, butoperated by Rock- The factories are at well, a typical patternfor the industry. Union Carbide ("Today, something we do bomb running will touch your life") builds uranium bomb components at another government capacity. plant, the Y-12 plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Non-nuclear electronic and In Gatch-22, the bombardier Yossar- mechanical bomb parts are made by the Bendix Corporation ("We speak tech- ian realizes that his enemies, his most nology"), at a government factory in Kansas City, Missouri. The explosive deadly enemies, are not the crack flak- detonators that trigger the bombs are manufactured by Monsanto ("Without gunners of the German anti-aircraft chemicals, life itself would be impossible") at Mound Laboratory, near Dayton, battery, but his superior officers and Ohio. The General Electric Company ("Progress for people") builds neutron his national leaders. Simone Weil said generators at its Pinellas plant in Florida. the same thing when she wrote that All these come near where a components together Amarillo, Texas, company modern war has become a conspiracy named Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason,Inc., assembles them into completed nu- clear at its Pantex Robert Friedman's of life and death of national leaders against the civilians weapons plant. close-up The at Pantex beginson page 34. of the two warring countries. Designs for the weapons come from the scientists at the Lawrence Livermore ICBM has made us all Yossarians. Laboratory in Livermore, California, and the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in New Mexico. Both labs are operated by the University of California ("Let Eric Mankin is afreelance writer based there be light"). Weapons are also designed in New Mexico at Sandia Labora- in Los Angeles. His last article for tories, operated by the Sandia Corporation, a subsidiary, of course, of American Mother Jones was "Doing the Missile Telephone and Telegraph. —E.M. Shuffle" (Dec. 1978), with co-author Karen Stabiner.

JULY 1979 28 MOTHER JONES

Bomb Shefters Are Back! The Government's Own Hole InEarth Catalog ByGar Smith

NE MORNING IN November But wait! Aren't bomb shelters 1973, theUnited States gov- passé? A flopped fad from the 1950s? ernment announced that Deader than an Edsel? O Soviet nuke-tipped missiles The answer: No, not quite; not were aboutto knock Montrose, Colo- since 1970, when ORNL technicians, rado, flatter than a plutonium pan— translatinga Soviet civil defense hand- cake. There was no panic. In one book, discovered,to their horror, the home a woman hurriedly scooped up existence of "extensive Soviet prep- clothing, tools and valuables, while arations to evacuate, disperse and herhusband disinfectedthree garbage shelter urban Russians within about cans and filled them with water. 72 hours, during some types of crisis- Acrosstown, a 14-year-old boy named threatening nuclearwar." As for U.S. Tad grabbed a screwdriver and re- plans, we had zilch. moved the wooden doors from the It was safe a bet that If, some bright morning, 10,000 family bedrooms.Within hours, both most folkwould U.S. warheads and 5,000 Soviet mis- families were miles outside of town, city- siles started playing thermonuclear jabbing shovels into the frozen soil of forsake their high.rise leapfrog above our heads, the Rus- nearby pastures, trying to build bomb condos and relocate to sians would have already split from shelters. subsurfacesuburbias. the cities into protected areas in the The government had told them nu- nonstrategic boondocks. And where clear war was imminent; they had to would that leave us groundlingshere evacuateand dig in. Push, as it were,had finally come to in the states? Don't ask. Consequently,since 1971, the shovel. It was a race against time. government has been quietly toying with plans for Some familieswon. Some lost. "hasty shelter construction." It was all a test, of course, part of a study in Crisis This is the new direction in America's civil defense Relocation Planning conducted by the government's plan. Accordingto Seymour Wengrovitz of the Defense Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The object: Civil PreparednessAgency, such planning is under way to see how fast the average Americancould abandon a in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. (Earlier home and hearth in the city and burrow into whatever this year, California became the last of the states to undevelopedland could befound within an hour's drive undertake a program of crisis relocation planning, re- of Anytown, U.S.A. ceiving$375,000 in federal funds for the purpose.)

JULY 1979 29 MOTHER JONES

In 1973, ORNL assigned its resident and a fat notepad, hovered nearby, earned the base sum of $500 for com- master ofthe "expedientshelter," Cres- recording the event. "Until the second pleting the shelter. On the other hand, son H. Kearny, to take the lab's blue- day, no member of this family learned Kearny discoveredthat "urbanAmeri- prints into the fields to test the mettle how to swingtheir dull, old pick prop- cans in Florida were not attracted to the of America'sJust Plain Janes and ioes. erly," Kearny wrote, adding that the hard work of building good shelters, The results of the two-year test were mother, a registered nurse, "dug in- even when they had the necessary tools published in 1976. Some 880 copies of efficiently with her dull shovel by push- and were offered incentives equivalent "Expedient Shelter Construction and ing it with her foot." To make matters to $10 per man-hour of work." OccupancyExperiments" were printed. worse, it was winter, and the soil was But what about all those people who Most wound up in the hands of such frozen an inch deep. Within two hours are likely to get stuck in a massive policy makers as ZbigniewBrzezinski, of the first clay, fatigue had hit the traffic jam on Evacuation Day or who James Schlesinger, Senator Howard family. "They were so tired, they fre- can't find any space left in the woods? Baker and Edward Teller. More copies quently sat down to dig!" a flabber- Well, for those poor soaks, ORNL's weresent to interestedparties insidethe gasted Kearny reported. After prying resourceful planners have developed Central Intelligence Agency, the Stan- "the shelter of last resort," the Car- ford Research Institute and the Sandia Over-TrenchShelter. In what is doubt- Corporation (which, in cooperation less the ultimate homage to the auto, withthe Universityof California'sLaw- o keep the the family car becomes both salvation rence Livermore Laboratory, designs car Ofl the and tomb for driver and kin. nuclear weapons). Fewer than 200 T In the ORNL report we learn how copies were left for circulation outside when all "an urbanmechanic from Los Angeles, the power elite. One of these copieshas ground with inconsequentialhelp from hisdia- reached Mother Jones. of Cleveland is betic wife and no help from their nine- Author Kearny reasonedit wasa safe year-olddaughter, evacuated in hiscar, bet that, given sufficient motivation, flying past over- built a Car-Over-Trench Shelter and most city folk would forsaketheir high- shovel two stockedit for prolonged occupancy." rise condos and relocate to subsurface head, A Car-Over-TrenchShelter is a sim- suburbias, there to rough it with the tons of earth ple matter. Just dig a trench 40 inches roentgens. deep and 28 inches wide and park a Kearny decided to motivate his re- into it. car over it. To keep the car on the cruits through simple capitalism. You ground when all of Cleveland is flying could have called it "Digging for Dol- past overhead, two tons of earth are lars." Families that finished their ex- and scraping at the hard clay-loam, shoveled into its interior and trunk. pedient shelters in less than 96 hours inch by inch, they quit, utterly ex- Plastic is taped up the sides of the car wereassured of "the equivalentof good hausted, at 5:20 p.m. and more dirt piled on top of that. wages for this type of labor." Those The promise of Kearny's cash bonus Drawbacksare obvious. It is cramped, that failed to meet the four-day dig-in helped bring them back to work at it leaks in rainstorms,and you can't get deadlinegot nothing.But! Ifany family 7:33 the next morning. Despite inter- out to start the engine to keep warm. managed to complete its shelter within mittent snow and a 25-degree tempera- But it's a living. 36 or 48 hours (dependingon the diffi- ture, the family carved out a trench Cresson Kearny's notes from the culty of the design), "they would earn three feet wide, 15 feet long and four underground showed that Americans a substantialcash bonus." and a half feet deep. They draped bed- —ifcaught betweenthe rockets andthe In each of three test states, Kearny's sheets do n the sides, then coveredthe hard pan—couldbuild expedient shel- experimentbegan when a family mem- trench with the doors, the tarps and 15 ters. But could anyone actually live in ber received the Evacuation CheckList inchesof dirt. The flimily's Door-Cov- one? The answer came in Utah in the and a set of Shelter Building Instruc- ered Trench Shelter was completed at summer of 1974, when a six-person tions. Tad's mother (a widow)received 3:50 p.m.,November 25, some34 hours family from the town of Bountiful the one-page check list at six a.m. She after the receipt of the evacuation in- agreed to build and inhabit a Log- woke her five children for the evacua- structions. They won S40t. Covered Trench Shelter. tion effort. Her family was chosen to To discover how the folks in Jack- The family was described as "an representthe "manless families so com- sonville might fare, Kearny traveled to above-averageMormon family,headed mon in the cities." In addition to wa- Flagler County in Florida's northeast. by an electrical engineer, a man long ter, canned food, shovels and aspirin, There, because of the high water table, concerned with civil defense." Their the list suggested taking "money,credit all shelters were built above ground. cards, negotiable securities, valuable With Kearny observing, a poor, checkbooks" and "a favorite black from Flor- Your average doomsday roadies. Top: jewelry, rural, family Bunnell, Door-covered trench shelter with "inex- book or two. . . builta Crib-WalledShelter out of ida, pertly rigged," plastic tablecloth canopies. By 7:17 a.m., Tad's family was sev- logs, workingby the light of pop-bottle Thisfamily got so tiredthat they were shout- eral miles out of town, unpacking a kerosenelanterns. Lackingnewspapers ing at each other. Far right: Inside that station wagoncrammed with six wood- or cardboard, they used palm leavesto shelter. Right: Car-over-trenchshelter. The en doors, tarps, shower curtains and shield the roof prior to piling it high woman saidshe found theexperience "quite buckets. Kearny, armed with a camera with protective dirt. The family easily exciting." JULY 1979 30 MOTHER JONES

JULY 1979 31 MOTHER JONES new home wasto be fourand a halffeet woodedrural sites and survive. tion stage. below the surface. A pre-cut pile of RecentDefense Department studies "The atomic material in the strato- aspen logs was waiting for them when go so far as to predict that over 80 per- sphere.. . travels around the world un- they arrived at the selectedshelter site. cent of America's otherwise-doomed til it finally descends," the USDA re- After two days of digging,they laid the city-dwellers could survive if there was portgoes on. "Theresidence time in the nine-foot logs over the top of the enough time to flee the citiesand reach upper atmosphere ranges from months trench, covered them with plastic gar- the security of "host cities" or "expe- to several years . . . the fallout would bage bags and buried it all under 18 dient shelters." But even assumingthat containmostly the long-lived isotopes." inches of soil. They finished at 1:30 woodsybomb shelters would savesome (We can target our missiles with daz- a.m., 32/2 hours afterreceiving their or- of us Americans, what would life be zlingprecision, but we can'tcontrol our ders toevacuate. They won their bonus. like? Not so nice, say the experts. fallout.) Now the real test began. Even with shelters, "some contami- If we survived in an area of heavy From a small cubbyhole carved nation. . . will occur unavoidably," ac- fallout, however, we would be able to alongsidethe main shelter, Kearny ob- cordingto T.. B. Drew, a former profes- watchit collectabout our shoes. "Phys- served the family as it spent nearly four ically,it behaves like dust," the USDA days living below ground. One of reportexplains, ". . . and to the unaided Kearny's first observations: he should eye may resemble dust such as that have given himself more than a 24-inch he atomic from a cultivated field, as a fine white ceiling—he wound up with a sore neck. material in powder, or tiny glassy beads." The family's3 '/2-by- 16 1/2-foot shelter T was something of a showcase. There the stratosphere OT A PRETTY picture, surely. was an odorless toilet, made on-site, And after the fallout, even anda bathing area behind a sliding cur- travels around shelters, along with all the tain. Other lavish extras included a the world for N other long-term, post-attack transistor radio; a 12-watt light bulb, inconveniences, may prove to be more powered by voltage from a portable months or years, than temporary. As Cresson Kearny foot-pedaled generator; hammocks until it finally points out in his report's conclusion,it above and a shag rug below; and even is worth every effort to build a good a cheery little sign near the battery- descends. shelter, "since most evacuated urban powered clock, which blithely pro- citizenswould be homelessafter a mas- claimed: "Hole Sweet Hole." sive nuclear attack." These new digs Despite the relative luxury, the ex- sor of chemical engineering at Colum- would,in effect, becomethe permanent periment was almost aborted after the bia University. "In an intense nuclear homes for the survivors of America 12-watt bulb blew out. (The family had attack, some radioactive gases will be After the Apocalypse. Who knows? neglected to make the recommended produced. These cannot be removed Kearny happily predicts that, with a expedient lamp.) from the air supply by any known prac- little bit of extra effort after the radia- "On the third night of blackness in- ticable means." Henry Yost, Jr., pro- tion level has died down, these retreats side the shelter,a potentiallyserious in- fessor of biology at Amherst College, could be "enlarged subsequently into cident occurred," Kearny reported. He spells out the consequences: "Fifteen habitations more livable than were was suddenly awakened by the sound percent of the population would die manyof the dugout homes ofAmerican of the woman muttering "in a disci- from alteration of the blood-forming pioneers." plined but tense" voice," 'I have to get elements and general radiation sick- There you have it. A glimpse of the out of here. I can't orient myself.' ness. . . . Survivors in shelterswill show New (Post-Nuclear) Frontier. Can you "This decidedly stable woman had a 25-50 percent increase in the inci- dig it? never before experienced claustropho- dence of cancers of all types" and be- Eat your heart out, Nikita Khru- bia," Kearny noted. With the help of a tween 25 and 50 percent of surviving shchev, you almost got it right. For if dim flashlight, she was able to regain females would be sterile. SALT 11can't preserve us from a world her composure,and the experimentre- As for our food supply, a U.S. De- gone Helter-Shelter,our national epi- sumed. The ORNL report summed up partment of Agriculture(USDA) pub- taph may read: "We Will Bury Us." the crisis. "Conclusion: It is bad not to lication admits that "a nuclear attack be able to see at all." on thiscountry could contaminatehuge Gar Smith is a Berkeley-basedfree- areas of crop and rangelands," with lancer. His work has appeared in the WENTY-THREE OTHER families strontium 90 "remainingindefinitely— BerkeleyBarb, Hustler and New West. went through similar field for all practical purposes—in the top tests between 1977 and several inches" of soil. Water from 1978, The them the 14 bed- and, accordingto the Defense lakes, creeks and oceans would be Top: feds paid for T sheets, 6 bedspreads and plastic film they Civil "all but a radioactivefor water from PreparednessAgency, weeks; deep used to protect themselves from radiation. . earned couple. . abonus for rapidcon- artesian wells, alone, would be safe to Right: This family movedover 50 tons of struction." The results bolsteredKear- drink. High doses of radiation would earth by manual labor. Far right: The tele- ny's 1976prediction that a sizablefrac- mean the "totaldestruction of the abil- phone was brought along as a "playful tion of urban families could evacuate ity of wheat, barley, red clover and gag." All photos are from the government their homes during a crisis, drive to millet to develop beyond the germina- manual on shelter-building. JULY 1979 32 OFffitPot FIGURE 1 PANTEX PLANT AERIAL VIEW MOTHER JONES

InThe Heart Of The Beast How They Learned To Stop Worrying And Build The Bomb By Robert Friedman

TANDINGON THE front porch of plant is 20 percent higher than nor- his white, clapboard house, C. mal for the area, Prickett is not con- R. Prickett looks out at his cerned. Neither is he worried about S neighbor's 9,100-acre spread of the Sovietmissiles surely aimed in his relentlessly flat Texas Panhandle direction. "Been here 13 years," he farmland. A cowboy hat shields his says, "and haven't lost any sleep over lined face from the sun, and a string it yet." tie swings back and forth as he shifts From Prickett's porch, 17 miles his weight from one pointy boot to northeast of Amarillo, the prospect the other. "It's just one of those is indeed peaceful.Clues to what goes things," he says philosophically."It's on behind the barbed-wire fence got to be somewhere, don't it?" across the road are as hard to find as Like a man living at the foot of a trees. Contented cattle graze over volcano, Prickett has grown accus- Who are the people who much of the 9,100 acres, unaware of tomed to his neighbors on the other assemble this most the shorttrip they will soon be mak- side of the two-lane blacktop, euphe- ing to the nearby Iowa Beef process- mistically called Farm-to-Market lethal of products? How ing plant, the largest slaughterhouse Road 293. Bomb Factory-to-Stock- do they accept the banal- in the world. Off in the distance, pile Road would bemore appropriate, of nuclear clusters of odd-shaped structures— for the people across the way build ity weapons? huge silver hemispheres, freestand- nuclear weapons, and the trucks that ing walls the size of drive-in movie pass by Prickett's house areniore likelyto be loaded with screens, squat concrete bunkers—rise up like the city warheads than vegetables. of a child's imagination. The only hint of danger is a Most of the time, as he goes abouthis businessraising small yellow and black sign: "Warning. Safety Buffer cattle and wheat, Prickett is oblivious to the arsenal of Zone. Only Authorized Persons Allowed." death being assembled next door. Occasionally, the Within this buffer zone is a factory called Pantex, quiet is broken by the blast of high explosives being whereevery atomic bomb, every thermonuclearweapon detonated. These tests release small quantities of ura- in theUnited Statesis assembled. There is no other plant nium 238, which are carried north by the prevailing of its kind in the country. Woody Guthrie, who spent winds and deposited on Prickett's farm. Although the part of his youthin nearby Pampa, once calledthis area concentration of U-238 on the north side of the bomb "the deadcenter of the dust bowl." Today, it is the dead

JULY 1979 35 MOTHER JONES center of America's nuclearempire. the lot and walk into the red-brick years went by before the local news- From all over the country, hundreds administration building, without once paper sent a reporter out to the plant of different bomb components are being stopped or asked for identifica- —a dereliction that may have had as shippedto Pantex in white,trapezoidal tion. Although the plant has several much to do withjournalistic timidity as railroad cars and specially equipped, armored personnel carriers equipped with government secrecy. 40-foot trailers. Plutonium triggers with .30-caliber machineguns (acquired Today the plant gates are parted, and come from the Rocky Flats plant near in 1976, after a General Accounting Pantex officials are, as one put it, Denver; tritium, a fusion material used Office report criticized security meas- "candid and open" with the public— in H-bombs,comes from the Savannah ures at nuclearweapons facilities), they though only up to a point, of course. River Plant in South Carolina; detona- are nowherein sight. And, while sensi- After I sign the guest register and swear tors from Miamisburg, Ohio; elec- tive areas of the plant are protected by that I am not an alien, a red "Escort trical components from Kansas City, Required" badge is clipped to my Missouri. And here, in Pantex's silver jacket. This, presumably, is to distin- domes,teams ofworkers assemble these guish me froni Pantex employees, who benign piecesinto the world's most ad- all wear blue identification tags and vanced killing machines. film badges to keep track of radiation The completedbombs—it takes three exposure. I am not given a film badge or four days to assemble a weapon since my "tour" consists only of inter- capable of vaporizing a city that may views in the administration building have taken hundreds of years to build and a drive aroundthe plant perimeter. —are storedin concrete "igloos." There The only bombs I am allowed to see they await shipment to Strategic Air are the three models on display near Command bases, Minuteman missile the parking lot: "Fat Man," a replica silos, Trident submarines and nuclear of the plump implosion bomb dropped stockpiles. This year, dozens of B43 on Nagasaki; a more compact fission bombs,W78 Minuteman III warheads, weapon, circa 1962; and asleek thermo- W79 eight-inchartillery projectilesand nucleardevice. W80 cruise missile warheads will be As Paul Wagner, the top Depart- assembled at Pantex in fulfillment of ment of Energy official at Pantex, es- highlyclassified production orders. Al- corts meto hisground-floor office, I am though the United States now has an struck by how much the bomb factory estimated 30,000 nuclear weapons— resembles a typical American high enough to choreograph any dance of school. The weapons on display like destruction imaginable—still more are football trophies, the gray school buses in the works. The 1980 Department of that transport workers around the bil- the linoleum and cinder-block Energy budget appropriates53.022 This and posters onfollowing pages are all plant, lion for itsdefense activities, anincrease from the wallsof the Pantex plant. corridors, the friendlysecretaries in the of 12.5 -percent over the current fiscal reception area—it is as if some interior year. At Pantex, nearly 200 workers barbed wire and guardtowers, a small decorator of the psyche had realized have been hired in the past year, and a group of armed terrorists would find it that a school ambiencewas the perfect secondand third shift have been added. relatively simple to seize the adminis- environmentfor methodicallybuilding Most of this "weaponization,"as the trationbuilding. nuclear bombs. nuclear bureaucrats refer to it, is That I have such an easy time get- Wagner, who has the demeanor of a shrouded from the public. I have come ting in the front door is not the result kindly but tough principal, is soon to C. R. Prickett's front porchto get a of negligence, but of a Department of joined by Ross Dunham, the plant man- betterview of life alongsideand inside Energy public relations strategy de- ager. Dunham works for a company America's nuclear bomb factory. Who signed to counteract growing concern called Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason, are the men and womenwho assemble about the potential hazards of nuclear which operates Pantex under a con- this most lethal of products? How have weapons production. The Department tract with the Department of Energy. they, and Prickett and the rest of us of Energy,which runs the entire nuclear Mason & Hanger, an old, Kentucky- come to accept the inevitability, the weapons production system, decided based engineeringfirm that built New banality of nuclear weapons? that secrecy no longer afforded suffi- York's Lincoln Tunnel, took over the cient protection; a new strategy was plant from Procter & Gamble in 1956 ESPITE ITS STRATEGIC impor- needed to reassure Americansthat nu- when the soap company decided to tance, Pantex is easierto enter clear weaponsmake good neighbors. get out of the bomb business. Since than an airport waiting A few years ago I would not have then, assembly plants in San Antonio, D lounge. A sign at the main been able to enter Pantex. The plant Texas,and Burlington,Iowa, have been gatewarns that tape recorders, cameras, was off-limits. Few people in Amarillo shut down, leaving Mason & Hanger firearms and explosives are not al- or elsewhere knew what went on there. with a monopolyon the constructionof lowed inside the plant, but no guards Those who worked at Pantex were new nuclear weapons, the repair of are stationed there to see whether I am sworn to secrecy; those who didn't defective warheadsand the dismantling violating the rules. I drive up, park in rarely asked questions. Twenty-five of o14 bombs consigned to the atomic JULY 1979 36 MOTHER JONES dustbin. Today the company oversees bombs wasjust like—well, to use Wag- cut too deeply. "It's unfair," she says. 2,016 employeesat Pantex and a yearly ner's own words, "just like making "I never knew what went on outthere. budget of $52.7 million, on which it yo-yos." I didn't even know they made nuclear earns a profit of about $1.5 million. The two claim there is no danger bombs. Whenever I tried to find out, Interviewing Wagner and Dunham from handling plutonium components my husband would say something is like playing a game of international ("They're all encased, andthe possibil- funny like, 'We make cups for flying diplomacy. An uneasy détente per- ity of the casing being breached is less saucers.' We weren't supposed to talk vades the room. They are cordial but than zero"); from low-level radiation about it. But a family should know if cautious, cooperative but constrained. ("You can sleep on a nuclear weapon there are any risks involved." Wagner is an old hand in the nuclear for 20 years, and it will never affect At 9:28, on the morning of March weapons business. His right eye you");from radioactivewastes ("We're 30, 1977, John Hendershot, a 45-year- twitches as he speaks nostalgically of old metrology supervisor at Pantex, the days whenthe AtomicEnergy Com- was standing outside Building ll-14A mission(AEC) was in power and "there waiting for ground transportation to wouldn't have been any interviewslike another part of the plant. The build- this one." Dunham, who has worked at ing was in Zone 11, the hexagonalcom- Pantex for 22 years, is a former presi- pound within Pantex where nonnu- dent of the Texas Panhandle chapter of clear, high-exp1osiv components are the American Defense Preparedness manufactured. In Bay 8 of Building Association. He sits impassively, his ll-14A, Ray Tucker, an engineering eyes hidden by brown tinted glasses, technician with 25 years' experience at letting Wagner do most of the talking. the plant, was machining a 75-pound I soon realize that to them, I am the billet of plastic-bonded LX-09 explo- enemy. I want what they don't want to sives. He was shaping the billet into a yield—information. I am trespassing hemisphere,hollowed out at the center on the nation'sdarkest secrets. On the like half an avocado. Two matched wall behind them, two framed photo- hemispheres,joined together arounda graphs of mushroom clouds—one a plutonium pit and cased in a shell of ghostly green, the other a phosphores- uranium, will make an atomic bomb. cent purple—stare at me like unblink- Suddenly, Building ll-14A was ing eyes, reminding me of who has the turned into a fragmentation bomb: power here. On the table between us concrete wallsand steel doors were fly- lies a copy of the Pantexan, the in- ing in all directions. Tucker was killed house newspaper whosemotto is, "We instantly when the explosives on his believe that peaceful co-existence is lathe accidentally detonated. Chester best who was in the out- maintained by being Too Tough Text reads:"A perfect score: Bowling. Grimes, hallway to Tackle." 300; Security Infractions side Bay 8, was crushed to death. Hen- Building nuclear weaponsis, accord- dershot was blown 35 feet away from ing to Wagner's and Dunham's logic, not in the business of storing nuclear the entrance, and suffered so many in- the only way to prevent nuclear war. wastes"); from theft of weapons-grade ternal and external injuries it was re- Both men say they would like to see a material ("There's never been a breach markable that doctors were ableto keep world without nuclear bombs, but nei- ofthe securitysystem"); or from an ac- himalive for nearlyfive days. Thenum- ther thinks such a thing is possible. cidental nuclear explosion ("It's close ber of fatalities would surely have been "Sure, I'd sleep better if I knew there to absolute zero because so many fac- higher if most employees who worked were no bombs on the planet," Dun- tors wouldhave tohappen allat once"). in Building1l-l4A had not been watch- ham says. "But as long as they have "He thinks we do something special ing a film about the Trident submarine them, well . . here," Wagner smiles knowingly at missile program in another part of A $3 billion-a-year program with Dunham. "It's no big deal," Dunham Zone 11. Damage to the property was 30,000 employees to manufacture a says, smiling. "We don't have any wor- estimated at $2.6 million. productdesigned not to be used? "You ries about working here. It's safer than Within hours, investigatorsfrom the bet," Wagner says. "You never know driving home at night." U.S. Energy Research and Develop- when you might need it." ment Administration (ERDA)—the Trying to talk to the two of them UTH HENDERSHOT STILL has agency that had inherited the nuclear about the hazards of nuclear weapons trouble keeping her coinpo- weapons program from the AEC in production is a little like trying to talk sure when she talks about the 1975 and that, in turn, was transmuted toan automobile dealer about defective R accident at Pantex that killed into the Department of Energy in late parts: they prefer to point out all the her husband two years ago. She sits 1977—were on the scene, sifting latest safety features guaranteed to pre- stiffly on the edge of a chair in her through the debris. Three months later, vent the unspeakable. Indeed, listen- lawyer's office in Amarillo, her voice they released a two-inch-thick report. ing to Wagner and Dunham minimize quavering, the muscles around her Its conclusionswere like a secondblast the risks involved in working at Pan- mouth tensed. It seems as though she at the bonibfactory. tex, one would think that making might go to pieces if one word should Because the site of the accident had JULY 1979 37 MOTHER JONES been so thoroughly demolished,it was such an accident happening is, the re- Maybe they're afraid they'll lose their impossible to reconstruct the exact se- port says, less than one in a million. jobs." quence of events that led to the explo- But, if safety procedures in the Zone Along with the sorrow, the accident sion at 9:28 that March morning. But 11 compound are as haphazard as has brought her a new perspective.For the ERDA investigators suggested that ERDA's investigatorsfound, this prob- years, Ruth Hendershot was like all the detonation was the result of Ray abilityfactor is meaningless. the other wives, "pretending Pantex Tucker's negligence—that he cut too On April 28, 1978, 13 months after didn't exist." Now, her eyes are open. deeply into the billet while machining her husband died, Ruth Hendershot "People have got to stop and think it, or that he hit it too hard with a filed a $2 million damage suit against about what goes on out there," she mallet while centering it on his lathe. the United States government. The says. "They've got to think about Tucker, the report said, had been suit, still pending in federal court in whether it's right to make the neutron known to his supervisors as a speed bomb. I don't know if we can do away demon who repeatedly sidestepped with nuclear weapons, but if we could safety regulations. Several of his co- only get Russia and China. . workers even refusedto be in the same room with him when he was machining 7 E'vE BEEN LUCKY," says high explosives. Lowell Cranfill, presi- Despite its findings about Tucker, dent of the Amarillo however, the report's sharpest blows W Metal Trades Council, were directed at plant management. IIII the union that about halfof represents Apparently, no one had bothered to Pantex's 2,016 employees. "I think tell Tucker that the billet of LX-09he we're living on borrowed time. The was machiningthat morning,on a rush company will tell you that working at order from the University of Califor- Pantex is safer than driving home at nia's LawrenceLivermore Laboratory, night. But it's not a safe operation." was three times more hazardous than 4, Cranfill, who has headed the union other No _ plastic-bonded explosives. for the past 11 years and has worked one had consideredwhether it was safe as a "hands-on" bomb-assemblyoper- to allow the contact machining of LX- ator at the plant for 20 years, arrives at 09—in which the worker is in the same my motel room early, carrying an arm- room as the explosives—in lightof pre- ful of documents.Unlike Dunham and vious accidents involving plastic-bond- Wagner, he is eager to talk about Pan- ed materials. And no one had thought tex. In a few weeks, the union's three- twice about giving this dangerous as- year contract with Mason & Hanger signment to a man with a reputation Pow Wow s Undanifled expires, and Cranfill ismaking the most for recklessness. Uutdd cuetty Attn of his triennial opportunity to be mili- Thereport went evenfurther, attack- tant, down to the "Hell No—7%" but- own ingERDA's high-explosives safety Textreads: "Keep Pow IVows Unclassified ton he wears on his blue polka-dot standards as "less than adequate" and OutsideSecurity Areas." shirt. The main issue for most of the criticizingthe practice of contact ma- union's members is money—Cranfill chining as "error provocative." It is Amarillo, claims that the explosion in saysthat the top wageearned by assem- "only a matter of time," the investi- Building1 1-14A wasthe result of negli- bly workersat Pantex, $7.15an hour, is gators concluded, "before another ac- gence—-not on the part of Tucker, but less than that earned by some butchers cident will occur in similar operations, of ERDA. Specifically, it charges gov- at a local supermarket chain. But to- unless adequate corrective action is ernment officials with "failing to warn day, what Cranfill most wants to talk taken." Ray Tucker" of the dangers of LX-09, about is safety. The explosion in Building I l-14A failing to enforce "adequate supervi- "I have complained for a long time did not involve any nuclear materials. sion" and "failing to provide for per- thatwe do nothave areal safetydepart- But ifsuch a "one-point detonation"— sonnel protection" in the event of an ment in the plant," he says. "It may as this type of accident is known—had accident. Two similar suits, filed by the look good on paper, but they have no occurred during the assembly stage, widows of Ray Tucker and Chester enforcement authority. It's alwayspro- when the plutonium core of an atomic Grimes, each asking for $250,000 in duction first." bomb is being embeddedin its shell of damages,were subsequentlyjoined with The picture Cranfill paints of life in- high explosives, the result could have the Hendershot action and amended to side the bomb factory is in sharp con- beencatastrophic. Accordingto a Pan- include the lathe and LX-09 manufac- trast to the one sketched by Dunham tex environmental assessment report, turers and Procter & Gamble, former andWagner. Mishaps, safety violations prepared by ERDA in 1976, a one- Pantex operator, as litigants. and hazardous working conditions point detonation, while it would not Since initiating the suit, Ruth Hen- seem to be the rule, not the exception. triggera nuclear explosion, could "seri- dershot has becomean outcast in Ama- Likemost Pantexworkers, Cranfill con- ously contaminate" workersand spread rillo. "People from Pantex, our old fesses, he was complacent about the toxic levels of plutonium over a 12- friends, have stopped talking to me," risks that awaited him at the plant square-mile area. The probability of she saysbitterly. "I don't understandit. every day. But his sense of security was JULY 1979 38 MOTHER JONES shattered by the explosion that killed was enclosed in plastic bags, sealed in ceive the greatest exposures within the Tucker, Grimes and Hendershot. metal drums, and depositedin 20-foot- plant. Cranfill says he knows a number "People at Pantex are not properly deep concrete cylinders. The fenced, of former workers who have died of instructed about the hazards of their 300-by-400-foot burial ground, located throat and rectal cancers. The com- work," the union leader says, taking near the administration building, is pany medicalofficer, who keepsa death out a copy of a grievance letter he also the final resting place for several log of the 5,000 or so people who have recentlysent to Dunham. Last Novem- tons of uranium 238 and thousands of worked at Pantex over the years, says, ber, severalworkers were sent to clean cubic feet of fissionable material and however, thatthe cancer mortality rate up contaminated wastes that had been low-level wastes. in the plant population is no different accidentally spilled at the plant's dis- While these are small amounts com- from that in the Amarillo area. posal site. Their supervisor, however, pared to the more than 534,600 tons Deteriorating equipment. Much of had neglectedto tell them the material the physicalplant at Pantex is not what was dangerous. "Some of those em- one would expect to find at a factory ployees," Cranfill reads from his let- where the niost technologically ad- ter, "did not know the difference be- vanced weapons in the world are as- tween a piece of high explosives and a sembled. Many of the buildings were piece of cinder block." constructed for temporary use during The incident was a relatively minor World War 11, when Pantex was an one, but the longer I talkedwith Cran- Army ordnance plant, and are unable fill, the more I realized that the people to protect workers from an accidental who build nuclearweapons face equally blast of modern explosives. grave risks as the enemies at whom A 1977Department of Energy report those weapons are aimed. on the physical condition of nuclear Such risks include: weapons facilities found less than half Plutonium spills. Lethal if inhaledin the equipment at Pantex up-to-date small quantities, plutonium poses little andsix percent either "poor and inade- hazard as long as it remains encasedin quate." Testifying before the House aprotective metal shell. Although plant Armed Services Committeelast spring, officials say there is no chance of rup- Herman Roser, manager of the depart- turing the casing, such an accident oc- ment's AlbuquerqueOperations Office, curred at Pantex on November 6, 1961. which oversees much of the nuclear Several workers were machining a weapons program, admitted the seri- bomb component containing pluto- ousness of the problem. "As a result of nium when a tool slipped and cut into that explosionat Pantex," he said, "we the metal casing. Plutonium particles have come to the conclusion that the into the air and doesn't meet the latest or were blown caught up Text reads: "Don't let the new look in plant safety criteria." Thetime had in the building's air-conditioning sys- phones fool you—stay secure." safeguard come, tem, contaminatingthe entire assembly he testified, for a "complete replace- area. According to a report on the ac- of high-level weapons waste stored ment of that facility." cident, the workers at the scene of the in nuclear graveyards in Washington, For all his concern aboutjob safety, spill quickly put on emergency respi- SouthCarolina and Idaho,they never- for all his talk about going out on rators and "did not inhale dangerous theless pose a long-termthreat to Pan- strike, Lowell Cranfill is fighting a quantities." The report did not say tex. The metal drums, accordingto the lonely and frustrating crusade to im- what levels of plutonium were consid- environmental assessment report, are prove working conditions at Pantex. ered safe. designed to last at least 20 years—not Most of his members,like movie stunt- Radioactive wastes. Despite Wag- very reassuring consideringthe 24,400- men, are willing torisk their lives if the ner's assertion to the Amarillo Daily year half-life of plutonium. Should the pay is good enough. Safety issues are News last year that Pantex does not containers leak, as they have at other not even on the bargaining table this store nuclear wastes,the plant does, in burial sites, workersat Pantex could be year. And, if they were, it probably fact, have its very own burial grounds exposedto harmful doses of radiation. wouldn't make much of a difference. for such material—a sort of mauso- Low-level radiation. Pantex officials Despite his strategic position as a un- leum for nuclear weapons accidents. claim that radiation exposure to work- ion leader in the nation's only nuclear When four nuclear bombs were in- ers is well withinthe government'sfive- bomb assembly plant—a walkout at advertently dropped on Palomares, rem-per-yearlimit, and there is conse- Pantex could set back weaponsproduc- Spain, in 1966, splattering plutonium quently no danger. But in recent years, tion more than an arms-limitation over the Spanishcountryside, the radio- some doctors have warned that con- treaty—heis reluctant to strike. (When active debris was shipped to Pantex. siderably lower levels of radiation can it came time to consider the company's Two years later, contaminated bomb cause cancer and genetic defects. Em- offer a few weeks later, Cranfihl, his fragments from a similar accident near ployees in Pantex's radiography de- "Hell No—7" button notwithstand- Thule, Greenland, were also sent to the partment—wherebombs are extensive- ing, accepted raises within President Amarillo plant. This "hot waste," con- ly x-rayed to see if their components Carter's wage guidelines.) taining three kilograms of plutonium, are in working order—reportedly re- Although he may not see eye-to-eye JULY 1979 39 MOTHER JONES with the plant manager across the bar- Pantex because of its economicimpact, portedly left townquickly. gaining table, Cranfill's views about and no one bothered to inquire about The Amarillo Daily News, the city's nuclear weapons are indistinguishable what was being builtout there." monopoly paper, has long been a Pan- from Dunham's. Like most craftsmen, Indeed, few places could have pro- tex booster. Despite the credo chiseled he takes pride in the products of his vided a more hospitable environment over its front door—"A newspaper labor. "I'm proud," he says, "to be for the nation's nuclear bomb factory. may be forgiven for lack of wisdom associatedwith the defenseof my coun- Amarillo is a city without roots, an but never for lack of courage"—the try. I don't know how you feel about urban tumbleweed. It didn't exist a News' editorial policy seems to lack it, but when the time comes, you bet I hundred years ago; it nearly blew away both. "The people of the Golden want that baby to go." in the dust storms of the 1930s; and it Spread have lived without fear for In the 20 years he has spent assem- may suffer more before the end of the twenty-five years of nuclear weapons bling America'snuclear arsenal, Cran- century ifpredictions prove true about manufacture at Pantex," the editors fill has come to accept the logic of Mu- the depletion of the Ogallalaaquifer, a wrote after the 1977 explosion. "If we tual Assured Destruction. The con- key source of its agricultural water. have not been afraid of work done at sciousness of workerand boss has been Pantex in the past, we have no reason fused: disarmamentis unthinkable; the to becomeafraid now." Russians can't be trusted; the United But as complacent as most Amaril- States should get on with building the he oniy sign lans have been about the bomb, they neutron bomb (which,of course,would of dissent at have not been able to ignore the nu- be assembled at Pantex). Cranfihl is T clear proliferation aroundthem. In the even concerned that the government Pantex was a past year, they have learned that the may have released too much informa- Amarillo area has been selected as a tion about Pantex in its report on the brief visit by a possible site for a nuclear waste dis- 1977 explosion. It is as if Dunham and posal facility;that a 6,000-square-mile Wagner were speaking: "I don't want group of pacifists tract bordering on their city is being tosee any dissidentgroups storming the on a crosscoun# considered as a staging ground for the gates. I know people have rights, but Pentagon's mobile-missilesystem; and we've got a critical installation here." try trek. They that a civil defense plan, calling for the left town evacuation of Amarillo's 154,000 resi- OHN DRUMMOND isAmarillo's No. quickly. dents, has beendrawn up because Pan- One razzooper.Back in the 1880s, tex is believedto be a prime target for when the city was first settled, Sovietmissiles. in is Janyone given to button-busting What has kept Amarillo place its The response to these new nuclear civic exaggeration was known as a "betweenness"—firstas a major rail- intrusions has not been altogether razzooper. The word has since fallen road junction, then as a stopover be- Last when a drill- east and 66 and neighborly. August, out of favor, but boosterism in Ama- tween west on Route ing rig appeared 12 miles southeast of rillo has not. "This is a great place to Interstate 40. Amarillo,in an areawhere oil hadnever live," says Drummond, sitting in his Perhaps to compensatefor their lack been discovered,curious farmers began office at the Board of City Develop- of historical and geographical defini- A from near- his almost have taken asking questions. reporter ment, considerablestomach tion,most Amarillans refuge by Canyon soon learned that the rig poppingthe buttons on his shirt."We've in political conservatism. When Lyn- was notlooking for oil, butfor salt.The got a great climate, great transporta- don Johnson wonTexas by a landslide, had been hired the De- When move prospectors by tion, great schools. people in 1964, Amarillo voted overwhelm- partment of Energy to explore the area to Amarillo, they end up staying." ingly for Barry Goldwater.(Johnson is in the of a un- that. A native of the hope finding suitable, Drummond didjust said to have taken vote as a per- derground salt formation in which to Boston, he moved to Amarillo in 1956 sonal insult; the following year, the nuclear wastes. to take as of Pan- Base was bury ajob plant manager Amarillo Air Force closed, Randall who and he has been here ever since. the County commissioners, tex, decimating city's population.) had not been informed of the project, When hearrived, Mason & Hanger had "People around here are just different were furious. filed suit in state Procter & Gamble. Under from the rest of the They just replaced country," explains court in an unsuccessful attempt to his leadership, the plant grew from JerryHodge, Amarillo's currentmayor. block the "You fewerthan 500 to more than in the Texas exploratory drilling. employees Although patriotism probably couldn't get anyone around the time he retired in 1974, Panhandle has two faces—love of 1,700. By flag here to say a bad word about nuclear Pantex was the largest employer in the and hatred of government—no one Carroll editor Amarillo area second the ever doubts Pantex. weapons," says Wilson, (it is now to had any about of the News. "But when it Iowa Beef Drum- bomb have Canyon packing plant), and Opponents of the may had comes to a for one ofthe citizens. success demonstrations at being dumping ground mond, city'sleading organizing the government's nuclear garbage, No one was surprised when he ran for RockyFlats and other nuclear weapons that's another in 1975 and won but the of dis- story." mayor easily. installations, only sign Nuclear wastesare, of course, an un- "We [Pantex] alwayshad a good rela- sent at Pantex in 28 years was a brief avoidable of nuclear tionship with the community," Drum- visit a few yearsago by a group of paci- by-product weap- mond recalls. "Everyone appreciated fists on a crosscountry trek. They re- —continuedon page 50 JULY 1979 40 MOTHER JONES

Welcome To The War Fair Where The Hawks Hawk

By John Markoff

HE SPACE SHUTTLEswings over a three-day corporate extravaganza the dark side of the Earth heldlast November in Anaheim, Cali- and drops into orbit. The fornia. At the sprawling convention T communications officer on center, I saw virtuallyall the compo- board is in instantaneous communi- nents neededto make the scenariode- cation with Pentagon generals in the scribed above a terrifying reality; I National Command Post—an air- heard weapons experts discuss those borne 747 jet—on the other side of few that I didn't see. the planet. The two ships are linked At first sight, the Military Elec- by apencil-thin laser beam that flash- tronics Expo appearsto belike dozens es on and off billions of times each of other "arms bazaars" that take the human voice second, converting 1 place around the country each year. into a digital message, relayed by a It's an occasion that allows defense network of satellites. The latest advances in manufacturersto showoff theirwares, Behind the Shuttle cockpit, in the instant communication military buyers to inspect them, cor- payload bay, the weapons specialist porate executives to placeand receive uses a teleoperator, a long extending and computerized war orders and defenseengineers to brush crane, to deploy acigar-shaped object enable us to "destroy up on the latest in the business by and aim it atthe Earthbelow. Acom- we can locate." taking mini-courses and attending mand flashesfrom the 747, and in the anything lecturesand seminars. Shuttle, a button is pushed. Nothing But here, at the Expo, something visible happens out in space, but, in a city far below, seems out of kilter. Nowhere in this giant hall are there hundreds of thousands of people fall to the ground, any weapons that appear to physically kill people. writhing in pain. Their homes and buildings are not There are aisles and aisles of high-technology gadgets: touched; there is no blast, no heat, no flash of light. computer-aidedviewing systems; electronic navigation The victims have suffered a massive dose of neutron systems; electro-optical night-visiondevices; laser com- radiation, similar to that given oil by a neutron bomb. munication systems; microprocessor-controlledvideo- But this is not a bomb; it is a lethal, directed-energy mapdisplays; silent sensors of every shape and descrip- beam that kills by literallytearing apart the atoms that tion; and even a "Firefinder," a radar tracking system make up the human body. that can pinpoint the location of enemymortars, short- Welcome tothe first annual MilitaryElectronics Expo, range artillery and rocket launchers by scanning the

JULY 1979 41 MOTHER JONES

Light my fire: Sales rep entices players to try Norden System's game of luck; a nat- uralistic battlefield setting is laid for the commandand control equipmentof theJim- ture. Left: Buddhistmonks protest.

field." And sure enough, the corpora- tions and the Pentagon have brought this vision to reality. They have com- puterized warfare,expanded the battle- field into outer space and transformed a great proportion of America's scien- tists and engineers into soldiers. Long ago they lost touch with the meaning of what they are doing. You can feel it at MilitaryElectronics Expo: the process is out of control. The Pen- tagon is still in the driver's seat, but it horizon with an electronic beam. Yet lets. "I see battlefieldson which we can can no longer maintain a grip on the the only actual weapons to be seen are destroy anythingwe can locatethrough startling, upward spiral of technology the guns in the holsters of the conven- instant communicationsand the almost that has taken over the arms race. Like tion center's security guards. instantaneous application of highly le- SpaceMountain, the best and most ex- Despite the absence of tanks and thalfirepower," predicted General Wil- citing roller coaster ride at nearby rifles, the vision of war conjured up by liam Westmoreland nine years ago. Disneyland, the arms race careens these displays is far more deadly than "No more than ten years should sepa- along, each turn more mind-numbing the traditional one of bombs and bul- rate us from the automated battle- than the last. And with each twisting

JULY 1979 42 MU I 1-Itk JU1Nt escalation, we are more frightenedand ancesystem, becomes extremelylethal." less secure. The point is drivenhome by Robert "Thisis our Disneyland," one of the daCosta, the publisher of Counter- engineers tells me, as we walk past measures, one of three glossy trade can lip hOW banks of computers that control magazinesthat now cater exclusively to more firepowerthan was expendeddur- the $4 billion-plus electronic-warfare ing all of World War II. Opponents of market. "We can leverage out dollars Stove for the arms race who are here to demon- into high-technology areas to build Super strate understand the momentum of better computers, to build microproc- The what they're up against. One of them essors and to keep ourselves secure, Backpacker remarks: "There's a euphoria in the without having to invest all of our military-industrial complex that's not money in bombs, bullets and things present anywhere else in America." that kill people." The irony of the statement appears to escapehim. LMOST A HUNDRED demon- Fast-talking daCosta radiates confi- strators are gathered in a dence and energy. "Ifwe have another vigilto greet the Expo partic- major war," he tells me, "85 percent of A ipants. Mostly from the anti- it is going to be over almost instantly, nuclear weaponsAlliance for Survival, and it's going to be ability to survive. they arejoined by 20Japanese Buddhist And when I say 'ability to survive,' I monks who have walked more than 60 don't mean human survival, as much miles from downtown Los Angeles to as I mean systemssurvival." fast, chant and beat drums during the The specter of a war in which the Expo. The presence of the Buddhists, computersalone survivegivesa bizarre with their shaven heads and traditional new meaningto the computerizedgad- — garb, is clearly unnerving to the con- getry on display at the Military Elec- SUPER SMALL Measures only 4" and 5' in diameter, easy to vention-goers. The drums beat con- tronics Expo. DaCosta isn't worried high the an about the future heis sure that pack. stantlyin background, providing though; SUPER-LIGHT — Weighs only 14 eerie counterpoint to the convention. America is going to win the next war. ounces. Inside the exhibit hall itself, more He laughs and says, with a trace of hu- SUPER-SAFE — Burns available than 200 corporations have set up dis- mor, "We've alwaysmanaged to come fuel like charcoal, twigs, pine cones, play booths. The firms range from de- up with a John Wayne from some- etc. No dangerous liquid or gaseous fuel required — no cylinders, cans or fense giants like United Technologies, where." otherpotential litterto take with you. McDonnellDouglas and Rockwell In- Kirk Kirchhofer has a cultured air SUPER-EFFICIENT — Miniature ternational, to more esoteric and spe- that sets him apart from his American fan powered by a flashlight battery cializedcompanies like Quadri Corpo- counterparts at the Expo. He is here as forces preheated air into a compact burnerpot. Boils a quart ofwater in 4 ration, Optical Radiation, Inc. and Im- the marketingrepresentative for Crypto minutes. Swiss pulse Technology.There is no shortage AG, a manufacturer of encrypt- SUPER-TESTED — In the field for of hands-on computer displays that al- ing devices, which allow the user to 5 years, 100% performance. Unaf- low the visitorto do almosteverything: sendtyped, tapedor facsimile messages fected by altitude, the best stove for the track code normal communica- low temperature operation and windy map terrain, guide missiles, in through conditions. enemy aircraft, see in the dark. Com- tion lines. x 5" panies strive to outdoeach other; mir- "I haven't come here to sell any- Single-Burner Zip Ztove (4" dia., wt.: l4oz.) $18.95 rors, plexiglass and bright-coloredplas- thing," Kirchhofer says. "I'm at the tic are everywhere. One corporation Electronics to look for Two-Burner Stove (Not Shown) Military Expo (15" x 6" x 5 Wt.: 2'/2 lbs.) $31.95 even sets up a fake, mahogany-lined partners." What kind of partners is control room, complete with deep-pile Crypto AG looking for? Let's say a Available from your hardware, sports, carpets, ornate windows,leather chairs U.S. corporation like Collins Radio In- or camping supply dealer. To order and an electric direct, fill out coupon and enclose fireplace. ternational, a subsidiary of Rockwell, with check or orderfor Michael a director and worked deal with the cash, money Kiare, project out a Argentine $18.95ea., single burner;$31.95 ea., activist at the Institute for PolicyStud- governmentto build acommunications doubleburner. This includes shipping ies in Washington,D.C., who has been system, but was prohibitedfrom selling cost and local tax ifany. instrumental in organizingnationwide the sophisticatedcoding equipment to arms bazaars this our protests against year, Argentina by State Department. Name ______spends anhour insidethe enormous ex- Would Crypto AG help circumvent hibitarea. Many of the electroniccom- such an embargo by supplying the nec- Address look harmless. ponents deceptively essary equipment? City Kiare, an intense, bespectacledveteran Yes, that is a good example,he con- of the anti-war movement,says, "You cedes. But he won't admitthat this is a State Zip have to read the literature to in Americanlaws that military glaringloophole ZIP ZTOVE, 625Third St.,Fourth Floor, realizethat a black box or alaser, when control the export of high-technology SanFrancisco, CA94107 connectedto a missile systemand guid- military equipment.Kirchhofer will re-

JULY 1979 43 MOTHER JONES lease the names of only two customers blunt about the demonstrators.One of waiting untilthey emergeto strike. And (the United Nations and the Vatican), the salesmen from a componentscom- the cruise missile, a weapon that has but Crypto AG's products are sold in pany says, simply, "I'd like to go out President Carter'sendorsement, will be 92 differentcountries. and kill about ten of 'em." given the capability to strike any ten- There is enough international traffic foot-square spot in the world, simply around the floor here to indicate that, EANWHILE, THE PENTAGON by following its electronically stored, despite President Carter's repeated is planning to spend more microprocessor-controlledmaps. promises to "reduce the deadly global than $12 billion this year The implications of these weapons traffic in conventional arms sales," M on the research and devel- pale by comparison,however, with the America's$14.4 billion military export opment of still more exotic weapons. research now being conducted by Air market is still going strong. A simi- And the military and its corporate al- Force researchers at Wright Patterson lar military exposition,recently held in lies are increasinglyexcited about the Air Force Base in Ohio. In the future, Wiesbaden,Germany, and heavily at- new territory, now unfolding, in which theyclaim, fighter pilots will be able to tended by U.S. arms exporters,attract- these weaponscould be used. "Space is aim at targets simply by looking at ed more than 10,000 participants. a dandy arena, actually," one Depart- them, and fire their weapons by speak- The demonstratorshave made many mentof Defense scientistwas quoted as ing to an on-board computer and say- of the participantsat this Expo nervous saying in Astronautics and Aeronautics. ing something like, "Bang!" Targeting and defensive. Most of them feel com- "You've got to attract strategicwar off will take placewith the aid oftiny lasers pelled to respond to the "merchants of the planet. The notion of abhorring that will reflect off the pilot's eyes as death" label that has been pinned upon war inspace isjust plain wrong." he scans the sky âroündhim. them. One says: "This weaponry is In the future, war will be carried out Beyondthat, researchers are talking what makes America strong and de- by computers that will be prepro- about "driving" the brain, actually con- fends our democratic institutions, grammed to respond instantaneously trolling the pilot's mental responsesto which makes demonstrationslike this to military crises. "Smart bombs"— visual instrumentation. The Air Force one out front possible."Another com- weapons guided by television cameras, is usingrapidly flashing lights andclick- mentsenigmatically: "I wish the people which can hone in on targets by match- ing sounds to force the human brain to out front could see all the beneficial ing them with pictures in their compu- emit waves at regular intervals. They applicationsthat this equipment has." ter memories—will soon be given the claim that the new system will allow But a few Expo participants are more capabilityto hover over hidden targets, them to prevent errors electronically, by "locking out" inaccurate pilot re- sponses. If their research pays off, the soldier of the future will come frighten- ingly close tobeing part of the computer BEFORE IT'S Too LATE that observesand controls his thoughts. Here'sa brieflist oforganizations youcan contact for moreinformation about Military planners are inexorably mov- preventingthe holocaust: ing toward placing tactical and stra- on an automated hair- • The for Defense Information tegic weapons Center (CDI). Headed by Adm. Gene La trigger basis, like the Doomsday Ma- Rocque (ret.), CDI "supports a strong defense, but opposes excessive expendi- tures of forces." CDI is chine inDr. Strangelove, in which there distributing a 271/2-minute film directed by Haskell isno "manin the at least no Wexler, called War Without Winners, for a $35 rental. In December 1978, the loop"—or Center convened an extraordinary conference, "Nuclear War: Causes, Combat, human being who still has the capacity Consequences,"drawing confereesfrom the military, the legislatureand thescien- of taking un-preprogrammedactions tific community. A summary of that conference is available for $3, a complete Robert Aldridge, a former Lockheed transcript for $15. They will put interested parties on the mailing list to receive engineer turned anti-war activist (see their publication,The Defense Monitor.Donations to pay thecosts are appreciated. page 24), is on the side of the demon- The address: The Center for Defense Information, 122 Maryland Ave. N.E., strators, but he spent most of his work- Washington, D.C. 20002, (202) 543-0400. life with people like the engineers on • The Mobilization for Survival, an organization dedicated to action against the convention floor. nuclear as wellas nuclear Their national has infor- weapons power. headquarters He, for one, thinks that the Pentagon mation about local groups. The address: Mobilizationfor Survival, 3601 Locust such a PA 386-4875. may already be at work on Walk, Philadelphia, 19104, (215) and wonders it • The Transnational Institute, which has Robert Aldridge's book on arms Doomsday Machine if escalation,The CounterforceSyndrome, available for $2.50,plus 30 cents postage. can be stopped. "The ultimate weapon The address: The Transnational Institute, 1901 Q St. N.W., Washington, D.C. is something that can completely de- 20009,(202) 234-9382. molish the enemy without any [chance • Other groups that have long been active in trying to prevent global suicide, of enemy] response, and that is exactly including: SANE: A Citizens Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, 514 C St. what the trend is toward. . . . I think N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002, (202) 546-4868; Union of ConcernedScientists, there's still time to stop it, but time is 1025 15th St. N.W., 6th Floor, Washington, D.C. 20005,(202) 347-5800; Amer- rapidly running out." ican Friends Service Committee, 1501 CherrySt., Philadelphia, PA 19102,(215) 241-7000; War ResistersLeague, 339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012,(212) John is an associate editor at 228-0450. El Markoff Pacific News Service in San Francisco, California. JULY 1979 44 Mi changedtenses on the sign because The Belly Room just went belly up. MOTHER JONES yang aggressive thing. The only time gender doesn't get in the way is when confidence speaks louder than gender, and the only way to do that is to work at it." So work goes on upstairs, where Mitzi Shore often selects a woman to be the evening's emcee because she needs extra practice at snaring and keepingan audience; where women are chastisedif they do an old, safe routine. Upstairs, where a woman waiting to go on might stage a fight with the woman who is performing,just to see how the audience responds. Where Emily Le- vine, another comic, works on her ten- dency to say "you know" too often, by giving her personal stash of M & Ms to anaudience member who is instruct- ed to take one candy away from her every time that she utters the forbidden words.

I've had terrible introductions. Oncea guyI didn't even know was the emcee and hesaid, "Here's a woman whofucked her way to the top." So I said, "Oh, hejust hates it when I'm on top." Another time someguy yelled, "Take it off" So I said, "Mine doesn't come off" Castration anxiety set the moodfor the evening. Boy, didI alienate that audience. —EmilyLevine Women comics agree: their biggest obstacle, once they've bravely gotten themselves onstage, is that no one ex- pects women to be funny. Being a stand-up comic, no matter how mild your jokes, is an act of aggression. People who grew up on stand-up com- edy—which is to say, people who grew around the Belly Room, established by performances, but, rather, as "work- up on male aggressors such as Lenny The Store's owner, Mitzi Shore, as a outs." She gave them the room, de- Bruce,Mort Sahl, ShellyBerman, Dick special place for women comedians. I signedspecifically tomeet theirneeds— Gregory, Richard Pryor and even the am notthe only woman gaspingfor air no raised stage, only 75 seats, less dis- more lighthearted Steve Martin and between bouts of hysterical laughter. tance between the comic and the audi- Robin Williams—are not always pre- The men are laughing too, sure, but ence—and she expects them to make pared when a woman takes hold of the they look the way I look when listen- good use of this unique setting. microphone. ing to a man. Appreciative,as opposed "Theyused to be workingdownstairs The men who hassled Levine were to overcome. in the Mainroom, but it was difficult hostile toward her; hecklers often get Shore created this room because she for them," says Shore. "They get psy- competitive with her; and even other was tired of watchingwomen flounder chologically blocked when they're womenin the audiencesometimes seem in the highly competitive, 450-seat working on the same level as a man." embarrassed at the outrageous things Mainroom.Women came late tostand- Lotus Weinstock says that down- they hear from a distaffcomic. up comedy, says Shore, "like they did stairs she feels the need to "put out, Lotus Weinstock sums up the his- toeverything else," and she wanted her put out, get tothe punch quicker," and torical burden. "Ladylike," she says, "girls" to have aspace to work out and it's easy to lose her self-confidence if "neverincluded funny." catch up. her material breaks the evening's al- Robin Tyler, a club regular, finds she Not that the comediennes who play ready-establishedrhythm. "Ifyou come has to pace herself differently at The the Belly Room get off easy: Shore on after four men, forget it," she says. ComedyStore than when she is touring never refers to their half-hours as "The audience has to get out of that college campuses or playing to an en- JULY 1979 46 MOTHER JONES thusiastic audience outside Anita Bry- one, you neededit." ant's hotel suite in Boston. The women Very brave, very good. But another at a recent ACLU women's project womancomic points out that the com- benefitat The Store, who laughed them- mercial successes, excluding Lily Tom- selves to tears atthe frustrated sexjokes un and her comedy of characterization, andthe motherhoodjokes, straightened are the women who soften the aggres- in their chairs during Tyler's brash siveness of comedy by making them- material—what she calls her "anti- selves the butt of their own jokes. Joan male-attitudestuff." Rivers,the late Totie Fields and Phyllis Not that Tyler has any intention of Diller made names for themselves, she giving it up. She points out to a poker- says, "by making themselves victims." faced crowd that what she is doing is Tyler agreeswith the analysis:"Joan just "reverse tits and ass," following in Rivers and the others did what they the fine tradition of anti-female ma- had to do to make a living. But those terial like "Take my wife, please" and women didn't have access to the con- that voluminous body of work known sciousness we do." She expects that as the mother-in-lawjoke. She advises time will save her and her contem- the men: 'lf anyone gets insecure, just poraries from having to revert to vic- do a crotch check. It's still there." And tim humor. she puts the entire crowd on notice: "In the '40s we had anti-Semitism "I'd like to say that if I offendedany- and you saw a lot of new Jewish corn- I find it very difficult to be a dope-smokingmoth- er.Thelasttimelhada I hit Colombian on ofgood II laundry day, it took me six hours to sort two pairs II ofwhite identicalsocks.

ics," says Tyler. "In the '60s the focus was on racism and quite a few Third World people became comics. In the '70s, with the emergence of women's liberation, it was only natural that women would come up. The Belly Room is part of a natural evolution, and so is the changingmaterial." And, in fact, the few women who do the stock victimjokes ( . . . my apart- mentis sosmall, it. . . etc.) are the least popular with the Belly Roomaudience. Someof the new womencomics believe they're being called upon to define the sense of humor that the Women's Movementis supposed to lack, and to define it without regressing into the jokes men used to make about women. "I won't do 'Poor Me' comedy," says Emily Levine. "It's an external restriction I place on myself, a political obligation."

I think the Democratic emblemshould be changedfrom a donkey to a prophy- lactic. It's perfect. It supports inflation, keepsproduction down, helpsa bunch of pricks and givesafalse sense of security MOTHER JONES when one is beingscrewed. a man. "There is still a saying in this ing night in 1971.The entire experience, —Robin Tyler business," says Archibald, "that when she says, has been liberatingbecause it Politics is funny, but is just being a woman bombs it takes two weeks to requires two things: finding "what's funny politics? Dottie Archibald de- get the stink out of the room. Women real" and taking charge. cided to try stand-up comedy when she aremore vulnerable,so peopleare more Emily Levine agrees. "I started with saw a woman declare on The Tonight sensitive to you. If a man bombs, you a strong feministcommitment, wanting Show that, for a fee, she would set any- don't feel bad; but if a woman does, to be funny as!, as awoman, am funny. one up in theirprivate fantasy for aday. you talk about the poor girl and how But I don't carry that around with me Archibald decidedthen and there that she's suffering." But beyond the ques- anymore. This helps me grow as a her fantasy was to be a stand-up comic tion ofhow gender is tied tosuccess and woman because I am totally in charge. and appear on Johnny Carson's show. failure, Archibald does not analyze If I fall on my face, I fall on my face; And just thislast week, she was booked what she is doing. Some people think andno one'sthere to pick up the pieces for a Tonight Show spot. stand-up comedy is a particularly rad- for me, except me." Dottie says she bombed her first ical occupation for a woman; Archi- For these two, the political process is dozen times out in the Belly Room, hit bald thinks it's a dream come true. personal: the material charts the jour- her stride on number thirteen and has LotusWeinstock's feelings about her ney from "when I was still wearingan been doing her soft-spoken brand of work are probably more typical. Hers Accentuate bra, unwilling to give up domestic comedy ever since. Stand-up are the politics of self-preservation: the disguise," as Weinstock puts it, to is a career for her, not a soapbox. If doing a stand-up routine is a logical today, when playing the Mainroom on Robin Tyler invades your brain with extensionof the childhoodroutines that her own terms is more of a thrill and comedy, Dottie Archibald tickles it. make growingup a bit less painful. less of a terror. Her explanationwhen she is late for an "I decidedwhen I was a kid that hu- Robin Tyler works in the opposite interview,delivered with the demeanor mor was one of the best options avail- direction. Instead of taking personal of the perfect suburban morn, is that able," she says. "When my family was insights and turning them into jokes, herdaughter was ill, and she had to de- laughingat me or with me was the only Tyler makes people laugh by pullingin cide whether to let her die and be on time they weren't judging me." She political events and forcing them time or take ten minutes to save the went on to becomethe bunk comic at through herown particularfilter. Some- child's life. overnight camp, the opening act for times she seems the odd-woman-outat She talks ruefullyof bombing, which such performers as Phil Ochs and a The Store, discussing Jimmy and Billy is more of a curse to a woman than to performer atThe ComedyStore's open- Carter ("Billy only says what Jimmy thinks") or Governor Jerry Brown's proposed constitutional convention, while her peers are poking fun at their THE YUK STOPSHERE relationships and feelings. But she be- lieves she is in an Since this article was written, there has been considerably less joking at The following old, grand Comedy Store. A prolonged strike by the Comedians for Compensation (CFC), tradition. started last spring, has changed the structure of the club, and one casualty is the "Humorhas alwaysbeen usedto tell Belly Room. Shore says the proposed settlementdictates that men sharethe room the truth," says Tyler. "It goes back to and that workshops be limited to weeknights. the court jester, who would travel The labor dispute centers around the comics' claim that Shore is literally be- throughout the land and then come coming a millionaire off of their free labor. Initially Shore responded that having back and tell the king how things were. to pay comics would put her out of business, but it soon became apparent that People toldhim their because was that A problems nobody buying explanation. final pact had not been reached when he was the only one who could tell the Mother Jones went to press, but clearly the comics will get some compensation: without beheaded." although the CFC was holdingout for more, at last tally Shore was offering up king being to $25 per comic per night in the small rooms and up to $150per comic per night in the Mainroom. To some of the women who worked the Belly Room, however. CFC's victory It seems that in order to be the kind has its Pyrrhic overtones. Robin Tyler, who is experiencedenough to expect that of woman who's strong enough to live she will draw a paying audience, supported the strike and has joined the picket witha man,you tend to become the kind line. At the same time, she worries that newer women comics will be unwitting ofwoman no man wants to live with. strike victims. —Lotus Weinstock "The CFCis trying to be very fair, but they don't understand," shesays. "You've And if you're a woman who's strong got to have an affirmativeaction program, and the Belly Room is it. What they enough to do stand-up, you tend to be don't recognize is the tremendous discrimination against women." the kind of entertainer nobody knows Members of CFC counter that most of the women will he assimilated into the what to do with. It's an extremechoice. "mainstream" operation of The Comedy Storeand the profitable new clubs that are while Maybe the best gauge of women com- springing up The Store is on strike. Comic Elayne Boosler, a CFC organ- ics' atthis in the izer, says the demiseof the Belly Room could be a blessingin disguise. "The Belly popularity, early stage Room created a problem to begin with by making those women dependent and history of female funnies, is the eco- insecure," she says. nomic one. None of them make their Time will tell just how many of the Belly Room comics will now thrive in the living doing what they like most—save co-ed workshop. —K.S. Robin Tyler, who is always leaving town on one tour or another. (She is JULY 1979 48 songs, has written for name comedians, Tyler claims that being a stand-up has a TV pilotin the works and has be- has meantnothing short of a personal- gun collecting rent from her nine-year- ity change. "I used to need to be loved old daughter, Cherub, who works in a when I performed. Now I want to be Universal TV series. Emily Levine is loved. Andthe difference betweenneed the story editor for TV's Angie and a and want is desperation. I'm not des- sometime actress and writer. Dottie perate anymore." Archibald has a husband with ajob. Hardly. On a good night the women And yet these women usually work comicsin the Belly Room seem to cruise at least once a week at The Store, even on automatic pilot, sometimeshitting if it's the 1:45a.m. slotplaying to sleepy jokes that they didn't even know they drunks andpeople who don'thave any- had. Instead of coming offstage tired, placeelse to go. Why?Because it seems they come off with more energy than also about to release a comedy album, to do as much for them as it does for when they started. Always A Bridesmaid, Never A Groom.) their audience. Weinstockdoes a pub- Says LotusWeinstock: "1 want to be Mitzi Shore does not pay her girls for lic rap on laughter curing cancer; pri- buried standing up. With a mike in my working the Belly Room. (This issueof vately, she is a firm believerin the cura- hand." pay for comics led to a strike. See up- tive powers ofa good guffaw. The high- date on opposite page.) estcompliment she pays her husband is KarenStabiner's first novel, LimitedEn- Yet they push on with awesome de- that "he makes me laugh like nobody gagernents, has just been published by termination. Lotus Weinstock sells else can." Seaview Books.

JULY 1979 49 MOTHER JONES

constructed his or her own psycholog- 40 ical fallout shelterto keep out the enor- Heart Of The Beast... cont'd from pg. mity of death represented by nuclear weapons. The bombs became part of ons production. But it is unlikelythat to an accommodation with Pantex. everyday life; their consequences be- the reaction to the proposed dumping Like a man who jokes about the earth- came literally unthinkable. in Randall County will contaminate quake faultthat runsbeneath his house, The process is not so unusual. A few Amarillo's peaceful relationship with he prefersto laughat the bombfactory. miles down the road from Pantex is one its bomb factory. "People here just He tellsa story about anAmarillo pros- of the world's largest slaughterhouses. can't see any connection between nu- titute who was rumored to be a Soviet Every 13 seconds, 290 times an hour, clear waste and Pantex," observes spy on the prowl; and another one 16 hoursevery day, a steer is killed and Richard Wilcox, the attorney who about his grandmother who tried to put on a disassemblyline, where it is drafted the lawsuit. "It would take a skinned, disemboweledand quartered. nuclear accident to get people upset at Allthat death under oneroof— 1.2 mil- Pantex." lioncattle last year—isdifficult to cOm- prehend. But the people who work in ROM STANLEYMARSH'S office atop the Iowa Beef plant, like those of us the tallest building in Amarillo, who partakeof the steaks at the other you can see the entire city. At a end, have become desensitized. There F distance of 17 miles, Pantex's is no other way to come to terms with igloos look like innocuousbales of hay. all thatcarnage. In the slaughterhouses Marsh's duplex is an island of imagi- of our minds, we perform a psychologi- nation floating above Amarillo's flat, cal disassembly, neatly severingthe un- dull landscape. A six-foot Eveready pleasant process from the desirable battery hangs from the ceiling; a dozen products. television sets, all blinking, line the Much the same thing has happened balcony; a remote-controlled map of with nuclear weapons. C. R. Prickett, the world rolls up and down like a win- Ross Dunham, Lowell Cranfihl, Stan- dowshade; a model of Richard Leak- ley Marsh—all of us to a certain ex- ey's famous 1470skull sits on the desk, tent—havelearned to live alongsidethe staring at a large box of black pepper. bomb by psychologically defusing it. There's a fire going in the fireplace, a There is no other way to come to terms picnic lunch spread out on a table and with all that death. And the numbing a case of Perrier chilling in the refrig- has been so effective that, for many erator. Bearded,tieless, his glasses tilt- people, the cure for the pain—the dis- ed forward on his nose as he peers mantling of the nuclear arsenal—has through atelescope, Marsh looks more ranrex poster; text reaas: "Security is a itself become unthinkable. like a Robinson Crusoe than the pro- blanket responsibility." If you look through the telescope prietor of a successful broadcasting in Stanley Marsh's office, toward the company. hire some POWs being held at Pantex westernedge of Amarillo, you can see But Marsh is not only an owner of during WorldWar II to do her garden- Cadillac Ranch. There, in the middle KVII, Amarillo's biggesttelevision sta- ing; and yet another about one of his of an otherwise empty field, Marsh tion,he is also one of the city's wealthi- reporters who was almost beaten up planted arow often Cadillacs—models est men, a leading art collector and its for filming the unloading of a nuclear from among the years 1948 to 1964— entire liberal establishment. If there bomb. noses in the ground, fins pointing defi- were another perspective to be had on "I'm being flip," he says, turning antly at the sky. I wonder whether one Pantex, this was the place to get it. serious. "I don't like what's going on day, at the northeastern edge of Ama- The view from Marsh's 30th-floor out there, and my kids in grade school rillo, in the middle of an otherwise office is, as he describes it, "rarefied." don't like it either. But I don't want to empty 9,100-acre field, someone will He tends to becynical about life on the bust my head against the wall if I can't plant a row of bombs—consecutive plains below. "A few years ago," he change things. And there's just no way models, from the 1945 "Little Boy" says, "we did an editorial about a cop- people inAmarillo are goingto do any- dropped on Hiroshima to the last nu- per-smeltingfactory that was spewing thing about Pantex. I admit it's an clear weaponever assembledat Pantex. cadmium all over the countryside.Peo- ostrich method of living your life." pie were outraged—notat the factory, "Psychic numbing" was the term Robert Friedman,former editor of the but at us. As long as the smelters pro- psychiatrist Robert Lifton used to de- late MOREmagazine, is nowfreelanc- vided jobs, nobody cared about the scribe the after-effects of the atomic ing from New York, and he hopes this cadmium. It's the same with Pantex. blast on the survivors of Hiroshima. article doesn't contain any military se- And I suspect the reason people got so The term could just as well be used to crets. This story was sponsoredby the upset about nuclearwastes was because explain what happened in Amarillo Mother Jones Investigative Fund,aproj- it wasn't going to providejobs." after the opening of the nuclear bomb ect of the Foundation for National But, inhis own way, Marsh has come factory in 1951. Itwas as if each person Progress. JULY 1979 so IJRE Everyonce in a blue moon, a new phenomenon gives birth to an exceptional magazine. In the late '50s, and early '60s, the explo- sion of spectator sports created a need and a market for Sports Illustrated. In the late '60s, it was rock music. ..and Rolling Stone. Now it's the end of the '70s, a time that has seen an entire nation take to its feet. More than 20 million Americans (according to the latest Gallup Poll) are off and running and we have created a new maga- zine for those who share this, the fastest growing of participant sports. Called THE RUNNER, this new monthly brings you articles not just on running and runners, but on health, biology, and the en- tire state of mind running expresses. We take as our premise that running is far more than another participant sport; it is an entire sub- culture, and possibly even a subversive one. We hope to knockyour sweat socks off with the sort of writing and graphics you'll find in no other running publication, and in few other sports magazines; and we'll pull them up again with the latest reports on sports medicine, nutrition, diet and physiology. With such Contributing Editors as Frank Shorter, Bill Rodgers and Nina Kuscsik, THE RUNNER will be with you, toe to toe, at all the major running events, and at many that are of no con- sequence at all—but are delightful to read about. So, we hope you get the picture: a magazine for runners but not just about running; a magazine that will probably never cure your athlete's foot, but will always scratch that itch in your soul. If we may quote Dr. George A. Sheehan, "I was seeking a newworld, where I could live and create my own drama.,.I found it in running." We hope you'll find a new world of drama and excitement in our magazine. Catch up with THE RUNNER at the special charter rate— only $12 for twelve issues—a full year. That's a 33% savings off the regular subscription rate. So subscribe today to the country's newest sport magazine. We promise you a run for your money. FORIMMEDIATE SERVICE, CALLTOLL FREE 800-247-2160 IN IOWA CALL: 1-800-362-2860 MOTHER JONES ICK UPA daily paper. Any paper, Ban all cigarettes? Make laws against last puff. But not all cigarettes are any city, any day. The story will fallingasleep on thecouch while watch- created equal. palways be there: ing TV and smoking? People will al- An ordinary cigarette dropped into Six Children Die in ways be careless. The resulting fires, the crack of a cotton-batting-and- West Philadelphia Blaze though tragic, are surely inevitable. wood-frame chair can start a dense, Sixchildren were killed and three otherpeo- Or are they? hard-to-extinguish, smoldering fire in ple,including a 16-month-oldgirl, were injured Some extremely simple measures about 15 minutes. But some cigarettes this morning when a one-alarm fire gutted a would save the lives of most of the self-extinguish in five minutes. At least two-story homein West Philadelphia. U.S. citizens burned death 19 claim invention self- A cigarette, carelessly left smoldering on a 2,000 to patents the of livingroom couch, caused theblaze, which fire- each year in fires started by cigarettes. extinguishingcigarettes, some of which fighters brought undercontrol in only 16 min- Such measures would also spare the go out even sooner. utes. Four of the dead were identified as chil- thousands more who spend painful So why doesn't someone require who was admitted just drenof Raylene Jenkins, 32, months or years in burn centers, and cigarettes to self-extinguish in a few to Saint Agnes Burn Center with burns over 35percent of her bodyand severe lungdamage. who often bear scars the rest of their minutes, if that would prevent the ma- They wereClinton, 14, Marie, 13, Latonya, lives. This is the story of why those jority of home fire deaths? As we will 10,and Joe, 5. A nephew, James Johnson, 16, simplemeasures have never been taken. see, the agencies in charge of fire safety and a niece, Marcella Washington, 15, both have been forced to to the were alsokilled. by Congress go reportedly visiting family, extravagant lengths to avoid this obvi- Melissa Jenkins, 19, and her 16-month-old Where the Butt Stops daughter, Ruchelle, were reportedly in guard- ous solution. Itistead, they must take ed condition at the same hospital. Most American cigarettes, when left partin a complicatedround-robin game (From the Philadelphia Daily News, January to their own devices, will continue of pass-the-buck-on-fire-safety. Sonic 20, 1979. Names havebeen changed to protect burning for 20 to 45 minutes after the of the players are: the privacy of thesurvivors.)

DROPPEDCIGARETTE.. . a smol- dering couch, chair or bedding Aon a mattress. . . and in a few hours a home or a life or perhaps a whole family is destroyed. Nearly one home fire death in three follows this scenario exactly. Still other home fire deaths occur when a cigarette ignites papers, cur- tains or clothing. Byron Halpin, at Johns Hopkins University, has plotted the course of almost all home fires in Maryland be- tween 1972 and 1977. His research How The Tobacco K shows thai nearly 45 percent of the Lobby deaths he investigated were in fires started by cigarettes. Becl< So what else is new? Cigarettes start By fires. But what are you going to do?

JULY 1979 MOTHER JONES •The Food and Drug Adniinistra- death caused by cigarettes that they catch fire. Materials that prove to be tion (FDA), which bans dangerous can't get around to studying how ciga- unusually dangerousare banned under chemicalsif they are ingested by mouth, rettes cause fast death. California state law. but ignores them if they are ingested by Most of these agenciesare staffed by But Damant is mightilyhandicapped inhaling smoke. well-intentioned but frustrated bureau- in making a scientific evaluation of the • The U.S. Fire Administration, crats who have spent years trying to way furniture burns because he can't which has most of the mandate for re- make sure that when a cigarette is care- predict accuratelyhow long each ciga- clueing the number of fire deaths in the lessly discarded, it will land on a fire- rette will burn. All brands are different. United States and none of the power. resistant surface. Since Congress, con- In his Sacramento laboratory he • The Consumer Product Safety trolled by the tobacco industry, limits tested 24 types of cigarettes, and he Commission (CPSC), which has been their authority, they can't touch the found a wide variation in the length of told by Congress that the cigarette is cigarettesthemselves. time each would burn before goingout. not a consumer product, not hazard- Some brands self-extinguished quickly ous, not toxic and not even flammable. ORDON DAMANT is a chemistand when not puffed, but others smoldered • State safety agencies, which are the chiefof California's Bureau as long as 45 minutes. pre-empted from preventing cigarette- Gof Home Furnishings, a state With wry understatenient, Damant caused hazards because the feds are agency charged with making sure that revealed his annoyance at the secrecy doing such a fine job. home products are as safe as possible. that cigarettemanufacturers impose on • The Health, Education and Wel- He builds mockups of chairs and sofas the question of precisely what is in their fare (HEW) Office of Smoking and from various combinations of stuffing products. Health, which is so swampedby thejob and fabric, then leaves lighted ciga- "To be quite frank with you, they of cataloging the many forms of slow rettes on them to see how easily they were reluctant to give me any informa- tion at all. I really don't know why. I did talk to a number of people in the various research centers, and they said they'd send me some information.This was four or five years ago, and I'm still waiting." In fact, nobody but the manufactur- ers knows much about how cigarettes aremade, or what's put inthem tomake them burn for a long time, and the s SOFAS makers aren't about to reveal their "trade secrets." In the absence of fact, & of folklore has a body grownup. Many people believe the crucial ingredient is some form of nitrate, added to the ps The Home Fires Burning tobacco or the paper. Blazingcouches: The CaliforniaBureau of 1-Joine Furnishings tunesthe fire that erupts )'Malley when a slow-burning cigarette is left on a piece ofupholsteredfurniture.

JULY 1979 55 MOTHER JONES Saltpeter(potassium nitrate) has tra- agency requires tobacco manufacturers example, cigarettes might be required ditionally been blamed, fairly or not, to disclose what's in their product. to go out when not puffed for five min- for causing impotence. An increasing "The fact ofthe matter is, they could utes. (One furniture test suggests that body of scientific literature shows links put saccharin, and Red Dye No. 2, a cigarette that would go out in ten betweenimpotence and heavycigarette and DES and any other substance the minutes wouldn't set fire to most up- smoking(see "Why the TurkCan't Get FDA has ever banned into the tobacco, holstery.) The technicalitiesof meeting It Up," Mother Jones, January '79). A and nobody can say a word about it. such a goal could beleft to manufactur- chemical analysis of cigarettes will in- Nobody would even know about it," ers, and their trade secrets would be deed reveal the presence of various ni- says Peter Georgiades,general counsel protected. trate compounds. And, according to of Washington, D.C.'s Action on The Consumer Product Safety Com- the new Surgeon General's report on Smoking and Health. missiontried to dojust this. Andfailed. smoking, the nitrate content of ciga- Whether it's nitrates or some other What is important to learn from the rettes has recentlybeen implicatedas a secret ingredient or manufacturing story of its attempt is that the commis- precursor of the cancer-stimulatingN- technique that gives cigarettes their sion's ability to curb cigarette fire Nitrosaminesin tobacco smoke. hazards was deliberately destroyed by But some cigarette manufacturers congressional action. The commission piouslydeny they add nitrate to tobac- is not a stupid bureaucracy, but a ham- co. It gets there "naturally," they say. "Potential adverse strung bureaucracy. "The fertilizersthat are used on to- Thanks to the tobacco lobby, the bacco contain nitrates, and so the to- consequenceson ConsumerProduct SafetyAct (CPSA), bacco picks up some of that . . . there both sides... which established the commission in is probably more natural nitrate in the 1973, specifically excluded "tobacco tobacco now because people are ferti- favor slightly our and tobacco products" froni its defini- lizingmore heavily,"the research direc- tion of a "consumer product." How- tor of a major tobacco company—who remaining silent ." ever, the same act also gave the com- did not want to be named—told me. mission jurisdiction to administer the However it gets into cigarettes, ni- —The National provisions of two other acts that were trate is recognizedas an efficient "burn already in existence at the time the promoter" in the few published tech- Safety Council CPSA was passed: the Federal Hazard- nical articles on cigarettemanufacture. ous SubstancesAct and the Flammable Manufacturersare easily able tojuggle Fabrics Act. the proportions of the main cigarette prolongedburning time, U.S. cigarettes On February 1, 1974, the American constituents, includingnitrates. Burley are likelyto be long-burningfor a long Public Health Association and then- tobacco, for instance, contains more time to come. Manufacturers go to a SenatorFrank Moss of Utah petitioned nitrate than bright tobacco; flue-cured lot of trouble to design such cigarettes. the commission to make regulations has more thanair-cured; leaveshigh on One excuse they give is that smokers banning high-tar cigarettes as hazard- the stallç have more than lower leaves. want themthat way. "Of course no one ous substances, (rather than as con- Another way cigarettesare made to wants to lay a cigarette down, and it sunier products) underthe Hazardous burn for a long time is by adding chem- goes out, and you haveto throw itaway Substances Act. The petitioners even- icals to the paper. The most common when it's not more than one-third tually went to court, and in April of one appears to be a citrate compound. burned," says D. P. Johnson, manager 1975 Judge Gasch of the Washington, Also, a porous paper allows a better of Tobacco Products Developmentfor D.C. District Court upheld their con- oxygensupply to an unpuffedcigarette R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. "If tention. He agreed that high-tar ciga- and ensures it will burn steadily to the you have to pick up a cigarette and re- rettes could indeed be considered haz- endby itself. light it, it sometimes doesn't taste as ardous and that they were subject to The crucial importance of paper in good; it has a stale taste." Other ciga- special regulation by the commission promoting burning is recognized rette men told me they weren't aware of as apoison. among roll-your-own fans. One young any specific market researchto back up While all this was going on, the Na- man who is homesteading in Canada that impression, but "it's historic inthe tional Associationof Furniture Manu- told me of carrying a homemadeciga- industry" that the consumer wants a facturers, facingan imminentfurniture rette into the hay barn of his old settler long burn. What they don't mention is flammabilitystandard, also petitioned neighbor. that a cigarette that burns up when the CPSC. They asked the commission "Getthat damn thing out of here be- left inthe ashtray, insteadof extinguish- toban the saleof non-self-extinguishing fore you set my place on fire," the old ing itself, helps fuel cigarette sales by cigarettes in interstate commerce, due farmer insisted. "If you want to smoke sendingthe smoker out for more. to the risk of injury froni fabric fires. in a barn, roll your smokes with Chan- Rebuffed by a CPSC dominated by ticleer papers. They'll go out when you Can't Nixon appointees, in November of set them down." Congress Quit 1974 the furniture people also took Except for rumor and folklore, If the industry won't respond to their case to Judge Gasch's court. The though, there is no way for the appre- criticisms of the way cigarettes are judge dismissed this case, saying that hensive smoker to be sure what's in a made, why haven't safety standards the court could not review a standard cigarette or its paper. No government been imposed by state agencies? For that had notyet been issued. The ques- JULY 1979 56 MOTHER JONES tion ofthe commission'sauthority over surner Protection,' and if he supported matters such as this." cigarettesas anignition sourcewas thus something, particularly something as After the House Commerce Commit- left open. good as this one, we could generallybe tee had shot down the bill there was Just about the time these two deci- assured of success. It was one of the little hope; the Senate's Hart amend- sions came down in 1975, Congresswas few times we were ever beaten, and it ment was killed in the Senate-I-louse considering the Consumer Products was probably theonly time we werede- Conference Committee version of the SafetyCommission Improvements Act: feated as dramatically and as soundly bill. There's a similar case history for changes in the commission's mandate as that. Those guys are tough!" virtually every instance in which some based on its first two years of experi- So strong is the tobacco lobby's in- federalagency has attempted tocontrol ence. Among the "improvements" was fluence that even the supposedly pro- some aspect of America's most unsafe a new section revoking the CPSC au- safety National Safety Council (NSC) consumer product. thority over tobacco products that refused to come out in support of the Judge Gasch had established in his self-extinguishing cigarette. The NSC Needless Deaths April decision for the AmericanPublic checkedits cigarette-producermembers Health Association. It took less than and found "serious sensitivities about At least 4,900 people die in residen- 60 days after the decision for both the doinganything that might upseta rather tial fires in the United States every Senate and the House to agree on the delicatebalance that now seems toexist year. According to the U.S. Fire Ad- revocation. The tobacco lobby had in the tobacco industry," accordingto ministration, America has the second moved fast. a letter that Phil Dykstra, manager of highest per capita death rate from fire A few die-hards hoped to salvage the council's home department, wrote inthe world, as well as the secondhigh- some portion of the commission'sjuris- the furniture manufacturers. ". . . Po- est per capita dollar amount of prop- diction over the cigarette, however. tential adverse consequences on both erty damage. Total costs of residential Dissenting commissioner David Pittle sides of this issue favor slightly our re- fires in this country every year have and the furniture makers independently maining silent. . . . I am sorry that we been estimated, conservatively, at $2 wrote to the consumer subcommittees feel it necessary to avoid openly sup- billion,when direct property lossesare of both houses, asking Congress to porting your proposal, and I hope you added to indirect costs like temporary amend the ImprovementsAct bill to al- will understand why." The NSC gets shelter and medicalcare. low thecommission to regulate the ciga- most of its financial support from in- Furthermore,the rehabilitationcosts rette, at least as a fire ignition source,if dustry, Dykstra noted, and ". . . we for a child like Ruchelle Jenkins who not as a "hazardous substance." This have to consider their concerns in suffers severe burns may addup tomore amendment, sponsored by the late Senator Phillip Hart, passed the Com- merce Committee and the Senate. In the House, the ignition source amendment was introduced by Rep. John Moss of California, then head of Just Tuning InTo the Oversightsand InvestigationsSub- committee of the House Commerce Committee. What happened to it was Dr. Drummond? a lesson in power politics for Tom Greene, then on Moss' staff. uring the year he spent as MotherJones' "We decidedto offer the amendment Dmedical columnist, Dr. Hugh Drum- late one afternoon, offered it the next mond consistentlyreceived more mail from morning in full CommerceCommittee our readers than did all of the magazine's and were overwhelmingly defeated. other writerscombined. A rebel and anicon- The Republicans bloc-voted and the oclast, he methodically debunks the myths Demos from tobacco states organized of modern medicine while focusing relent- themselves and others. I think we got lessly on the profit motives of his fellow maybe no more than ten votes[out of a physicians and the drug companies. The committee of 43]." unique vision and colorful language of these There was little overt lobbying columns won them a National Magazine against the anendment, he remem- Award nomination. bered. The members of Congress just ow available: What's Left in Health: Health Care in a Dying Empire, seemed to know how they were sup- a set of Drummond's medical from to N complete Dr. Hugh columns, posed vote. February/March 1977 through April 1978. "I had worked for Mr. Moss for a and and I year a half, I thought knew Reprint prices: 1-4 copies: $2.25 each I 5-14copies: $1.85each / 15-49 copies: $1.50 each where the votes were. I thought we'd 50or more copies: $1.25 each. do on it seemed like Californiaresidents add six percent salestax. Please send checks or money probably okay this, orders no credit orders. Allowfour tosix weeks for M o T H E R such a motherhood issue. only; delivery. "We just got blown out of the water. Reprint Service / 625 Third St./ San Francisco,CA 94107 Mr. Moss at the time was 'MisterCon-

JULY 1979 MOTHER JONES than half a million dollars in her life- next generation.The largestcategory of oping an upholstered-furniture flam- time. That total places no dollar value fire deaths are home fire deaths, and mability standard for the Consumer on what thepain and suffering involved about 40 percent of themare caused by Product Safety Commission.He com- in endless skin grafts and permanent cigarettes. But the Fire Administration bines the practical bent of an engineer disfigurement will cost her and her was given no authority to regulate (he's a veteran of the space program) family. Otherindirect fire-related costs, cigarettes. with a philosophical twist perhaps de- such as the cost of medicalcare for in- rived from his Greek ancestors. (The jured firefighters, makesthe social cost Six ChildrenDie in day I interviewed him a volume of of fire even higher. West Philadelphia Blaze early Greek authors lay open on his All ofthe dead children Congresshas courageouslycome out [conti,wed fromp. 54] desk.) He's a lean, angular man with were foundupstairs, except onewho was found the of an El Greco four-square against fire deaths, of at the base ofthe staircase, apparently having intensity nionk. course. It establishedthe U.S. Fire Ad- tried to get out, [Philadelphia Fire Commis- Three "No Smoking" signs decorate ministrationin 1974 to coordinate fire sionerJoseph] Rizzosaid. his office wall. Statisticians he works safety programs, with the goal of re- with have discovered that two-thirds ducing fire deaths by 50 percent in the IKE THE FIRE that killed these chil- tothree-quarters of all upholsteredfur- dren, about 30 percent of all home niture fires are started by cigarettes. Lfires start either in upholstery or I askedhim why his agencywas going inbedding. The fire marshal'sreport on piecemeal after all the different kinds CAMPAIGN the Jenkins fire noted that the living of fuel that the home contains, instead room couchwas almostcompletely con- of tackling the fires' cal.ise: the long- CONTACT sumed, except for some small pieces of burning cigarette. wood and the springs, which had "Because Congress took the law To help in the campaign for self- buckled inward. This evidence is from us!" he "There'sno extinguishingcigarettes, contact: away replied. enough to reconstruct the probable question in my mind that we can save a AndrewMcGuire course of the fire: hell of a lot more lives and reduce the The Burn Council A cigarettefell intothe crack between economic losses if we attack the Trauma Center, BuildingOne ciga- the front and back of the couch. It con- rette, but this country is not willingto San Francisco General Hospital tinued for 15 to 45 San Francisco, CA 94110 burning minutes, attack the cigarette." (415) 821-5135 enough time to ignite the slipcover and But, not surprisingly, it is a much the batting underlayer. This in turn more difficult job to regulate the furni- started a smolderingcombustion in the ture. For instance, when you make a stuffing, with a steady build-up of tre- polyfoam mattress that is less vulner- mendous heat and outpouring of toxic able to beingset afire by a burningciga- STAMP OUT THE gases such as carbon monoxide. The rette, it is more vulnerable to ignition couch was completely blackened,with by an open flame, such as a dropped SMOLDERING most of the stuffing gone and the cigarettelighter. Resistanceto smolder- CIGARETTE springs buckled, before any flame be- ing combustion (i.e., a dropped ciga- came visible on the surface. rette) andto flamingignition (e.g., bed- WITHMOTHER JONES REPRINTS Finally, after an hour or two, long clothes already ignited) are not at all after everyone in the house was sound the same thing. In fact, they tend to be OW THAT YOU'VE read Cigarettes & asleep,the couchburst into flame. After mutually exclusive. Very few materials NSofas, you know that cigarettes are that the fire moved are resistant responsible for 2,000 burn deaths a year. quickly, leaping equally to beingignited by The tobacco companiesknow it too, but across the room, catching rugs and both kinds of sources. they aren't aboutto introduce self-extin- chairsas it went,rolling across the wall, Polyurethanefoam is one upholstery guishing cigarettes voluntarily. What's the stairwell. needed is legislation. We'll send you five up theceiling and then up material that meets proposed commis- reprintsfor just $2.35. That's one foreach Most of the children were probably sion safetyrules, because it isinherently ofyour U.S.senators, one for your repre- smoke inhalation be- sentative and two to on to friends. dead from long smolder-resistant—and dropped ciga- pass reachedtheir Also availableat the same bulk rates: fore any flames bedrooms. rettes cause more furniture fires than Cigarettes: The Great American Addic- Firefighterscommonly find a child who open flames. However, polyurethane tion. This group ofarticles, from the Jan- dies in such a fire curled in bed as if has another Onceit does catch Mother takes a closelook up problem. uary 1979 Jones, the is at the $17 billion-a-year tobacco industry the child were asleep. When body fire, this petroleum-based material and the stringsit pulls to keep 53 million removed,the shapeof thesleeping child burns fast and hot, quickly generating Americans hooked. can be seen on the sheet, outlined by enough heat to make a whole room ex- from the smoke. It also Prices: 2copies (mininluns order), $1; additional soot plode into an inferno. generates copies, 3 for SI. Please add 35 per order for unusuallylarge amounts of super-toxic postage/handling. California residents add six like percentsales tax. Please send checks or moser for gases hydrogen cyanide. Firefight- orders only; no credit orders. Allow four tosir Safe Cigarettes ers call fires started in such synthetics weeksfor delivery. As long as the cigarette is untouch- "plastic fires," and they hate them be- MOTHERJONES REPRINT SERVICE able, safetyofficials have been at work cause of their toxic smoke. "I feel sick 625 Third Street to home furnishings for two days after I breathe that CA 94107 trying fireproof San Francisco, instead. smoke," Oakland, California, firefight- George Anikis is in charge of devel- er Ray Gatchalian toldme. It wastoxic JULY 1979 58 MOTHER JONES smoke from polyurethane seats and other materials that killedan Oakland firefighter in the subwaytube fire under San Francisco Bay last January. BEA There is noeasy way out. CPSC offi- cials can set a standard that will pro- CHIMNEY SWEEP tect a chair from a smoldering ciga- rette. But that leaves the chair more Your Own Business: A can clean a chimney vulnerable a child with chimney sweep to playing with the August West® System in one hour. Nationally, the average matches. charge is $40.00. What about treating furniture with flame retardants? Clothing manufac- A Growing Need: turers tried under The energy crisis has this, government resulted in a dramatic pressure, and added the chemicalflanie increase in wood burning. retardant tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) Wood smoke flam- to children's deposits phosphate (tris-BP) pa- mable creosote in chimneys. jamas. But tris-BPwas discovered to be Regular cleaning is necessary mutagenic and possibly carcinogenic, to prevent fire damage. and so was banned. Other common West® flameretardants have similar problems. The August System: More sweeps use it than any other method in Someupholstery fabrics such as poly- the ester, which are both flame- and smol- country. der-resistant, combined with design Send for our free booklet, or call TOLL FREE changes,seem to hold themost promise any time and askfor "The August West Story." for making safe fire-resistantfurniture. Ask for But this greatly increases the cost of 8OO648531 1 the furniture, manufacturers claim, as (In Nevada (800) 992-5710) well as limits the consumer's choice to a few synthetics. August West Systems, Inc. A further difficulty with trying to Box 663MJ, Westport, CT06880 solve the cigarette fire problem by re- designingfurniture isthat the old flam- mable stuff will be around for a long time anyway. CPSC data says that a given piece of furniture has an average life of 17years. That means that a good (ZCING deal of the furniture in the country will be around for more than 17 years. By some time in the 21st century, all ROCKY MOUF1 the old cigarette-vulnerable furniture may be out of Americanhomes. But in ARTS the meantime, the home fire scenario HEALING will continue to cause deaths: an old ' 's'I'• couch, ignited by a smoldering ciga- FESTIVAL rette, in turn ignites other' furniture, "INNER & OUTER ENVIRONMENTS" perhaps a new urethane piece, and then the whole house goes up. AUG 21 - The tobacco industryclaims that any Pf" 26'; attempt to regulatecigarettes hurts the festival will be held on a ranch in the of This summer our third large smoker's "freedom choice." Now mountains west of Boulder. We offer six days of seminars, is often defended as an act smoking workshops, classes and special events with some of the most that harms only the smoker, at least and leaders in the arts. With new those who know on important prominent healing by don't the data facilities, lake, state-of-the-art meals, sidestream smoke. But in the case of swimming pool, vegetarian good company and beautiful scenery, we also offer an exciting, firescaused by cigarettes,the "freedom Prices from $240 to for comes memorable experience. range $432 the six of choice" of the smoker smack on choice of accommodations, with up against the freedom of choice of the days, depending your special furniture who doesn't smoke. ratesfor single-dayand weekendattendance. Write for our brochure: buyer Mountain Furniture buyers might resent being Rocky Healing Arts Inst. limited to buying cigarette-proofmer- Department B made of hot P0 Box 1881 chandise, perhaps sticky Boulder, CO 80306 polyesterinstead of soft, natural fibers,

JULY 1979 59 perhaps made of polyurethane foam easilyinflamed by children playingwith kitchen matches, perhaps treated with mutagenicflame retardants. Only about one-fourth of the population smokes, but the other three-fourths will have to buy furniture tailored to suit the long- burning cigarette. If a flammability standard isn't iniposed,the non-smok- er will have to risk death in the fire set by the smoker in another apartment. It's not much of a choice. Fighting Fire with Ire What is to be done? Law Professor Donald Garner of Southern Illinois Universitysuggested to methat allciga- rette smokers should beheld toaccount for the costs that society as a whole bears for their fires. In cases where the negligent individual can't be located— INVENTION PREVENTION in a forest fire, for example—the ciga- Can you make a self-extinguishingcigarette? Charles Cohn thinksso. rette companies themselves could be He holds U.S. Patent No. 4,044,778—one of at least 19patents for cigareti the target of product liability lawsuits that go out quickly when they'renot puffed. by the agencies that incurred the ex- The treatment he has devisedis very He paintseach with simple. cigarette pense of a fire caused by a cigarette. lengthwisestripes of a well-knowncompound, water glass (sodium silicate). Some such as Robert As the cigarette burns, the don't. They just melta little, releasingtheir attorneys Ru- stripes bin of to ex- water content, but nothing else, into the smoke. The glassy, unburned paper Philadelphia are starting stripes form an insulating cage (easily knocked off with the ash) around the plore the possibilitythat even smokers burning coal. Even if the cigarette is placed on a highly flammable surface, a could hold cigarette manufacturers li- fire can't start because the tip stays cool. The cigarette goes out, typically, able for fires, if it could be shown in between one and three minutes after the smoker takes the last puff. Since court that it is possibleto manufacture water glass is inert, it doesn't enter the smoke, and thus poses no additional a safe self-extinguishing cigarette. An- health hazardto the smoker. other incentive for developing ciga- Charles Cohn isan inventor. He holds 35 patents, mostlyin metallurgy. (One rettes that would be a of his ison thebasic that makes it to use aluminum on self-extinguish patents process possible safety tax on brands that don't. Just car exteriors.) He'sretired now, so he has a lot of time to spend promoting his inventions. He and his live in the same row house in Atlantic such a tax was responsible for the grad- wife, Rose, City hazardous white they've owned since 1950. ual disappearanceof In the more than 20 years since he thoughtof the process, they've written phosphorous matches, Professor Gar- to almosteveryone. He showed me his voluminousfile, packed with letters to nerhas pointed out. every agency in the government concerned with fire safety or cigarettes, to Somepeople are optimisticthat ciga- representatives,senators and especiallyto cigarette companies. rettes can be changed. Andrew Mc- The cigarettecompanies haven'thad much timefor Charles Cohn, however. Guire, executive director of The Burn There's no great reason for the cigarette people to be interested in a self- Councilin San Francisco,has launched extinguishingcigarette, of course, since salesare already very good, thankyou. a nationwide campaign to push for the There have beenad hoc tests by people in various federal governmentlabora- Burn cen- tories over the years, butnothing as elaborate or controlled as would be neces- self-extinguishing cigarette. be ter officials and firechiefs in many cities sary before a self-extinguishingcigarette could marketed. James Winger, have the drive. It re- head of the Product Flammability Research Group of the National Bureau of joined has also Standards, tested one of Cohn's cigarettes on a highly flammable furniture ceived the endorsement of several pro- mockup, and it worked. Winger speaks of Cohnand his invention with utmost fessionalorganizations concerned with respect: "Thereisn't any doubt that from a technicalviewpoint his cigarettes fire victims, including the American can be made the way he says and will do what hesays." Burn Association.McGuire hopes that I took someof Charles Cohn'shandmade prototype cigarettesfrom Atlantic public outrage will force Congress to City to the California State Upholstered Furniture Fire Test Lab in Sacra- take a new look at the unnecessaryfire mento.There! watchedchemist Gordon Damant put them through a compari- hazard that or even, with the cigarettes create, son test on mockupscovered kind of upholstery that is most suscep- mirabile diclu, that the cigarette indus- tible to smoldering ignition: cotton battingcovered with nubby linen fabric. before thefabric try itself will seethe handwritingon the Cohn'scigarettes performed perfectly,self-extinguishing was wall and without even scorched. The control cigarette, on the other hand, smoldered merrily change cigarettes away for 30 minutes. —Continuedon page 64 being coerced. More likely,it will be along andhard battle. The reformers are up against a JULY 1979 60 II youve seen one \40%Off\uiarne you havent seen them all. — — — — — — ver noticehow every issueof most magazines seems just like the ones F before it—same old same views, same same Please enter my subscriptionto MotherJones. I E subjects, predictable art, Send my first issue—and bill me later at the boring editorials and columns? But here at Mother Jones, we plan each I Special Introductory Rate of $8.88 for a full issueas ifit were new book. and year (10 issues)—a savings of40 offthe rég- a Separate special. ular newsstand rate. • In one issue of Mother Jones, you might find exposés documenting secret corporate expansion into outer space and the oceans.The next issue I I will feature a profile of sport hero Bill Walton. Then we'll summon all Name your outrage with a three-article "Terror" package about repression in Address Russia, torture in Argentina and wife-beating in America. And a month later, while you're still reelingfrom "Terrbr," Ray Mungo will lift you I from your depressionwith a hilarious account of his bankruptcy. I City I The only thing all issues of Mother Jones have in common is the pride I State/Zip I we take delivering them to you. Not just pride that comes from winning EFAP ten majorjournalism awards this year, but also pride that we're covering 1 • so many topics the rest ofthe media ignore. MOTHER So try a year of Mother Jones. You'll be surprised at our amazing variety. And it won't cost you anything to try it. Return the postage-paid card or the at We'll start reply coupon right. your subscriptionright away MotherJ1N Jones SubscriptionDepartment and bill you later at the Special Introductory Rate ofjust $8.88 for the I 1886Haymarket Sq., Marion, OH 43302 year (10 issues)—that's a 40% savings off the regular newsstand price. — — — — — — — — — — — — a MOTHER JONES tobacco-controlledCongress that self- whether it's minute'or large, in terms righteously passed laws deploring the of the smoking behavior of the public. fire death toll, then walledthe cigarette You can bet your life they're going to Eggshells off from regulation by the agencies put up quite a good fight." (A Song of Hope) charged with fire prevention, and that now blamesthose agencies for notsolv- Becky O'Malley is a staff writerfor the the fire death Center Investigative The An hours good readtng for you ing problem. for Reporting. Donald Shopland,the director ofthe Center's research wasfunded by agrant Smoking Information Service of from metnbers ofthe International Asso- HEW's Office of Smoking and Health ciation ofFirefighters, Local55, of Oak- San Leandroand knows the tobacco industry as well as land, Etneryville, Cali- anyone in Washington. He says: fornia. The Center and Mother Jones thank them their "1 assume the tobacco companies for support. will all the . . downthe fight way. right A moredetailed set of references to the technical line . . . they will fight anything they and scientific data supporting this article is in- perceive as having any kind of impact, chided withthe reprint (seepage 58).

INVENTION PREVENTION-cont'd from p.60

Consumer acceptance of a novel cigarette is undoubtedly the industry's biggest worry. Manufacturers think a smoker won't like a cigarette that goes for Eggshélls out. So I asked Damantto puff on Cohn'scigarette with his rubber suction Send$2.00 check or moneyorder to: bulb to see if it would stay lit well enough to satisfy the average smoker (who Wigfall/Eggshells statisticallytakes a drag once a minute). Cohn'scigarette passed the test. P.O. Box 160031 Cohn also claims that his product produces virtually no smoke when Sacramento, CA 95816 "idling" in the smoker's hand between puffs. Rose Cohn had showed me a CA residentsadd 6% saleslas demonstration she devised of this feature. She placed a regular cigarette and a Cohn cigarette side by side in separate ashtrays and put a Mason jar over each to trap the smoke. Sure enOugh, thejar overthe regular cigarettefilled up with smoke and the other one didn't. This shouldbe enough to make militant nonsmokers standup and cheer, since 95 percent of the sidestream smoke in a roomcomes fromthe idling cigarette. MOTHER JONES Some people fear that any tampering with cigarettes to make them self- extinguishingmight cause someharmful change. And,in fact, the mechanisms BACK ISSUES that create carcinogens in tobacco smoke are not yet well understood. But Cohn says that his process can use the same high porosity paper and other $3 each. devices that are credited with lowering tars in modern cigarettes, and that it will not affect burn-rate, draw or other variables. SinceCohn's cigarette burns January, August,September/October '77 thereare more to behad than with and February/March'78 are out ofprint. slowly, puffs per cigarette regular cigarettes, All other issues are still available. and the smoker receivesmore tar and nicotine. Cohn suggests shortening the Please send checks or money orders only. no cigarette or adding a longer filter. credit orders.Allow four tosix weeks for delivery. What's needed now are thorough comprehensivetests of all Cohn's claims by a reliable independent laboratory. That's what he thinks too, so about one MotherJones Back Issues he started with the well-known Arthur 625 Third St., San Francisco, CA 94107 year ago negotiating consulting firm, D. Little, Inc.They drew up an impressivedraft proposal for him, detailing all the different kinds of experiments they could do. Then,one day last December, Cohn got a telephone call from Derek Till, a ION vice president at A. D. Little. Till informed himthat the firmwouldn't be able GENERATORS out the test after all because "conflict interest"with its in to carry proposal of of Air-ionsare continuouslycreated nature by the cigarette industry clients. Stunned, Cohn askedTill to send him some version splittingof water dropletsin a waterfall, by solar & cosmic rays and by natural radio-active sub- of this bombshell in writing. It hasn't come yet. stances in the earth's soil. They are the elecfflcal I called Till to get his version of the conversation. The first time I talked to constituentsof fresh, inuigorating, clean air. lns him, he refused either to confirm or to deny what Charles Cohn had told me. can affect your heatth. well-being, efficiency. The next day he called back and reluctantly admitted that ArthurD. Little, emotions and mental athtude Find Out how the Inc. had indeed refused to testCohn's cigarettes becauseit might conflict with lackof ions may influenceyour daily life and what their tobacco accounts: He I would understand. you can do about it. Request our FREE catalog hoped that includes information about Music forRelaxa- I understand, all right. I understand that the cigarette industry, big and tion and also the Sounds of Nature, Biomagne- powerful as it is, doesn't want small-timeinventors like Charles Cohn rocking tism. Life Energies, and much more. the boat. William Dwyer, vice president of the Tobacco Institute, told me he Alternative Unlimited didn't know of any practical way a self-extinguishingcigarette could be made, Energies —B. O'M. 8143 (BoxF) Big Bend Blvd. and I guesshe'd liketo keep it thatway. wJwSt. Louis, Mo. 63119 JULY 1979 64 MOTHER JONES Books Rise Gonna Rise: A Portrait the blame; their erstwhile un- of Southern Textile Workers ion brothers proved to be dis- by Mimi Conway. Photo- OLD REDS gustingly enthusiastic Mc- graphs by Earl Dotter. Dou- Carthyites. bleday, 228 pages, illustrated. Sincethen, thelabor move- $10.95. AND THE menthas behaved rather swin- ishly. The operative images IRST, SOME background: are hardhats tromping on On October 19, 1935, UNION BLUES anti-war demonstrators in F John L. Lewis slugged New York,beer-gutted numb- William Hutcheson, the 300- skulls vowing to keep minori- pound president of the Car- by Joe Klein ties out of their lily-white lo- penter's Union, in the midst cals, the Teamsters, George of the American Federation Meany and so forth.... of Labor's annual convention And so, an important heri- and then led his mine workers tage has been lost. One old and seven other unions out of Communist organizer, a the hail to form the Commit- woman, told me last year: tee for Industrial Organiza- "What you young people tion, or CIO (later renamed don't understand—what you the Congress of Industrial couldn't possibly understand Organizations). because you never did it—is The idea was to begin or- that we actually affected peo- ganizing workers in entire in- ple's lives. You protested a dustries, instead of by indi- war six thousand miles away, vidual skills: there would be and now you deal in abstrac- one giant union for the auto tions like nuclear power [this industry, instead of a mazeof was before Three Mile Island, smaller groups organized by of course], but we actually craft.It was a near-impossible helped people, and you can't taskand Lewisrealized hewas ever imagine what it was like going to need all the help he to see them getting together, could get. He also realized and getting strong, and get- that many of thetoughest and tingsmart, and taking control most experienced union or- of their lives." ganizers around were Com- I'mnot suggesting here that munists. Swallowing his per- it's time to resurrect theCom- sonal disdain, John L. wel- munist Party—forall theprin- comed them aboard, and in ciples they betrayed and lives the next six years they domi- (and minds) they ruined, they nated the building of the or- should be relegated to the ganization that eventually Gulag Archipelago of his- transformed much of Ameri- tory. But it might not be such ca's working class into its a bad idea to take another middle class. look at the U.S. labor move- It is not a well-known fact, ment, which, at this moment, but the creation of the dO seems to need all the help it was the greatest triumph of can get. the American Left. Over the past several years It is not well-known, or Hattie Baker holdsa portrait of the daughter ofa mill owner,for whom there have been a few tenta- widely celebrated, for several she worked 27years as a cook. Photoby Earl Dotter. tivecontacts betweenthe rem- reasons: first of all, Commu- nantsof the Leftand the rem- nists did it. We all know about thank the Communist Party ions.The Reds, of course,had nants of labor. Douglas Fra- Communists—stiff-necked for getting his original union brought on much of the en- ser, the enlightened president Stalinists,slavishly devoted to organized—and that goes for mity themselves(a steelwork- of the United Auto Workers, Russia, while itmocked every a large chunk of the other old er from Chicago recentlytold has been pushing the idea of a principle they believed in. But ClO unions as well. me that the few Commies left new popular front. The Citi- during the 1930s, the Com- But once most of the tough in his local—museum pieces zen/Labor Energy Coalition munists were just about the organizingwas completedand that they are—are still at it, in Chicago, a group of envi- only people militant, disci- the Cold War bloomed, the introducing long, complex, ronmentalists and labor lead- plined (God, how they were CIO turned around and ex- disruptive resolutions sup- ers, alsois promising.But the disciplined)and crazy enough pelled all of its prominent porting the Vietnamese real contacts shouldn't come to do the real dirty work. Ev- Communists and tried—suc- against the Chinese invaders uptop; it is time to begin gut- ery electrical worker who cessfully, eventually—to and so forth). But then, these level support of unionorgan- owns a color TV today can break the Left-dominated un- Commies shouldn't take all izing drives, especially in the JULY 1979 65 MOTHER JONES

South and West where the Conway's fine,dignified book scourgeof brown lung disease, nies to lower the amounts of Captains of Industry are in- about Southern textile work- which comes from inhaling cotton dust in the air. After creasinglytaking refuge from ers, who, of all the unorgan- the cotton dust that swirls in a public hearing and a meet- the union shops of the North ized, seem to have the most theair ofthe rotten old textile ing with their elected repre- and East. It is still a basic fact symbolic plight. They are vic- plants. sentatives—includingthe ran- of Americanlife that less than tims of an intractable man- Conway limits herself to cid Senator Jesse Helms, who a quarter of all workers are agement (which, indeed, fled the millworkers in one town, has bitterly opposed all labor organized. from the unions of New Eng- Roanoke Rapids, North Car- reform legislation and yet Which brings us—finally— land) and horrible working olina, who happen to be the throws an arm around poor to Rise Gonna Rise, Mimi conditions, including the only employees of the J. P. Lucy for the cameras—the StevensCompany to have won groupstaggers exhaustedly in- a union election—andwho've tothe office of Eula Bingham, been struggling ever since to the new director of OSHA, STEVENS' COVERS win a contract. She has a who, confronting the reality BoycottingJ. P. Stcvensis difficult since their textiles are solid, unpretentious style of and utter frustration of their marketed under many names. What follows is a partial list writing, and a felicitous abil- misery, starts to cry. It is to of Stevens' labels: ity to get the workers talking Ms. Conway's creditthat she about more than their can even make a bureaucrat's Sheetsand Beauticale, Fine just pillowcases: Beauti-Blend, Arts, livesin themills, to make them tears seem convincing. Mohawk, Peanuts, Tastemaker, Utica, and designer labels come alive as more than sim- S S • Yves St. and Dinah Shore. Laurent, Angelo Donghia ply victims (as do Earl Dot- Forthe past severalyears, a Towels: Hne Arts, Tastemaster, Utica. ter's which ac- ofJ. P. Stevens' G Tastemaker. photographs, boycott prod- Carpets: Contender, ulistan, Merryweather, company the text). ucts has been conducted by Blankets: Baby Stevens, Forsimann, Utica. She also avoid the AFL-CIO. It has been Table linen: Sinuex. manages to being polemical, a notable only mildly successful, partly Syntheticsand blendfabrics: Blen Tempo, Carousel,Coach- achievement aided in because Stevens cleverly ca- 20 Be- large man, consort, Gesture, Lady Consort, Linebacker, part by the fact that J. P. mouflages its various sheets, low, Weftamatie.Windsheer. Stevens is so awful a villain towelsand fabrics undera be- Woolens and worsted fabrics: Boldeena, Forstniann, Hock- that no or call to of brand Worumbo. exaggeration wildering array anum, arms is necessary. Conway names (see box), Several dif- Cottonfabrics: Academy, Lady Twist Twill, Twist Twill. attends the various ferent courts have ruled Women's simply hosiery: Finesse, Hip-Lets,Spirit. stockholde meetings and against thecompany for racial quotes the chairman of the discrimination and unfair la- board, James D. Finley, di- bor practices, but Stevens rectly. If the Amalgamated seems content to stretch out Clothing and TextileWorkers the courtcases, ignore the rul- PASSAMAQUODDY IROQUOIS SIOUX: ASSINIBOIN BLACKFOOT ______Union (ACTWU) were truly ings and federal regulations, it The names evoke a myriad of images. But how well creative, it would raise the ignore the union and hope do we know the realities of the survivors who funds to send Mr. Finley on a all goes away (as, indeed, it bear these names? Contemporary reservation life national tour. has severaltimes in of Indians provides a profound, vital, proximate speaking the past). and visual critique of the gut values in Western And Stevens is abetted by In an era of public relations Cultare's endless Manifest Destiny. How much can such allies asthe textile indus- and soft Ste- we afford not to know? corporate soap, try's house organ, the Textile vens seems a remarkable Join us in a course designed to tell it all. Reporter, which revealed on anachronism—and yet, it PERSPECTIVES ON CONTEMPORARY INDIAN DAYS July 10, 1969, that brown lung stands a very good chance of An experience based module on the dynamics of disease was "a thing thought persevering. And if it does, RESERVATION UFE:ATRUE SLiMMER COURSE up by venal doctors who at- other companies in theSouth PLACE: Ft.Belknap Reservation, Montana tended last year's Interna- and West will take note and COURSE BEGINS: August 1, 1979 LENGTH: 2 week intensive course tional Labor Organization harden their stands against COST: $500—(r/t to Gt.Falls not mci) [ILOJ meeting in Africa, thefossilized labor movement. PROCEEDS TO: Belknap Peoples Legal Def. Fund where inferior races arebound But if Stevensfalls, the other CLASS SIZE: limited to 20 to beafflicted by new diseases companies will realize there's DAILY HISTORY & GOVERNANCE more superior people defeated nowhere to hide (except, per- CURRICULUM: Treaties, Tribal Constitution, Congr.Acts, Tribal Codes— the years ago." haps, Mexico or Korea or defining theory vs the reality With enemies like that, the Taiwan, but that's another CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS textile workerscould eat their story). So, in a way, no less Education, Health Care, Economics and Life young and still arouse our than the future course of the Family As trade union movement is at LIVE IT AND LEARN sympathies. it is, they !Tld work participation in range from narrow-mindedto stake. various real'live—it' situations noble. I was particularly Once upon a time, the POST SESSION: I add'l week possible. $250— struck by Lucy Taylor, the American Left gained a sense ACCOMODATIONS: provided, authentic leader Caro- of ENROLLMENT DEADLINE: July 6th wheezing of the purpose and dignity FOR IMMEDIATE INFORMATION, ADDRESS INQUERIES TO: lina BrownLung Association, through the struggleof work- Debe Fedyk 105 E. 28 St. Warren Matt Box 938 who brings a pathetic delega- ers to organize themselvesin- New York, New York 10016 Harlem, Mont. 59526 tion fellowvictims Wash- unions. in this 683—2558 383—4449 of to to Perhaps, (212) (406) ington to push for a federal dull,gray period, that iswhere regulation requiring compa- itall shouldbegin again.

JULY 1979 66 MOTHER JONES Classifieds BETTER HEALTH Sexual Politics: Women's, men's, 1979 Disarmame,it Action Guide— Builda beautiful pre-cut log home gay liberationbooks. Free catalog: A definitive 16-page booklet ana- or cabin! Cedar or pine kits from TCP, Albion-40, CA 95410. lyzing thearms race and what you $3,900. Brochure, $3.50. Dealer- RadicalPsychiatry Summer Insti- can do. 1-5 copies, 201 each; 6-50, shipinformation package, $5. Wil- tute. August 16-19, 1979, San Readthe Guardian—Marxist news- 121; 51 or more, 101 each. Add derness Log Homes, Route 2- Francisco. Theory and practice of weekly covering national and in- 20% forpostage. Write: Coalition MRJ-79C, Plymouth, WI 53073. groups, media- ternational events. Special six- for a New and problem-solving Foreign Military MISCELLANEOUS tions, bodywork, and cooperative week trial subscription, $1. (517/ Policy, 120 Maryland Ave. NE, living. Fee: $50 before 7/16, $65 year.) Guardian, Dept. MJ, 33 W. DC 20002. after. For more write 17th New NY 10011. Washington, Car-Con '79, June 29-July 1, 1979. info, RPSI, St., York, Educationcritic John Holt, econ- 1669 Grove St., San Francisco, Community Bookshelf—Books on omist David others. CA 94117. The People's Guide to Campaign and communal life Friedman, Politics cooperative For information, send SASE to: by GaryRobert Schwedes. styles. For free brochure, write: Definitive work on local P.O. Box 3280, Charlotte, NC campaign Community Bookshelf, R.R. 1, 28203. Innovative, futuristic, we're bring- techniques. Nominated in Wash- KOK "Political Enterprise, Ontario, Canada, ing nature back into America's ington Monthly for Book Izo. EMPLOYMENT kitchens.Invest in LiveFoods, Inc. of the Year." Send $3.30 to High return. Call Paul for info, Schwedes CampaignConsultants, Announcing Red-eye, Issue No. 1. Stay home! Earn big money ad- (913) 841-4144; or write P.O. Box 1725The Promenade, #304, Santa A libertarian communist maga- dressing envelopes. Genuineoffer, 881, Lawrence, KS 66044. Monica, CA 90401. zine; articles on the international 101. Lindco, 3636-Mi, Peterson, crisis, resistance to austerity,cul- Chicago, IL 60659. Free natural-vitamin discountcata- The nuclear accident in Pennsyl- ture, the Left and the ultra-Left. log. Top quality—Immediate serv- vania was not the first near-melt- Cover price, $1.50; yours for $1 Volunteer Peace Corps/VISTA. ice! Money-saving larger sizes fea- down. For a frightening and true plus 251 postage. Red-eye, 2000 Challenge, growth, renewed sense tured. Satisfaction guaranteed. account, read We Almost Lost Center St., No. 1200, Berkeley, ofpurpose—that's what you'll ex- Western Natural Products, P.O. Detroit, by JohnFuller ($4, post- CA 94704. perience as a Peace Corps or Box 284-MJ5, South Pasadena, paid). Also, No Alukes: Every- VISTA volunteer.Projects in U.S., CA 91030. body's Guide to Nuclear Power, by DO-IT-YOURSELF Latin America, Africa, Asia and the Pacific for one- and Anna Gyorgy($8, postpaid).Con- hunters: two-year The best books on homeopathic tact: GMP, P.O. Box 177-A, Mon- Backpackers, campers, commitments. Your expenses paid; medicine. For extensive book list, Illustratedinstructions on survival tague, MA 01351; (413) 863-4754. and singles and couples. An Equal Op- send SASE to: HomeopathicEdu- by trapping, snaring fishing, portunity Program. Information: cational Service, 2133 Derby, To be listed in the NationalDirec- $3. Survive!, Mi, 1308 Elm, Clark- Linda Friedman, Peace CA 94705. ston, WA 99403. Corps/ Berkeley, tory of Alternative, Radical and ViSTA, P-33, Washington, DC Feminist send 20525. BOOKS& PUBLICATIONS Therapists, business- Practical plans for barns, carriage sized SASE by Sept. 1, 1979. Pat houses stables: book with Job alternatives! Offshore No Nukes: to and a oil rigs, Ei'erybody's Guide Henry/Judy Browder, P.O. Box 175 for au- river merchant Nuclear Power, Anna plans hard-to-find, boats, ranching, by Gyorgy 2064, University Stn., Lawrence, thentic old barns. For second marine, fishing, logging, resorts, and friends, 478 pages; $8, post- KS 66045. studios. free cata- more! Work-travel Cata- paid. Nuclear Madness— What houses, $8.95; guides. YOUCan Do! HelenCaldecott. log. Berkshire Traveller, P.O. Box log, $1. Travan, P.O. Box 187, by Grandparent/Grandchild-age 3-12: MJ, Stockbridge, MA 01262. Lancaster, OH 43130. 120 pages; $4.50, postpaid. Kate Wonderful activity bookfor build- Donnelly, P.O. Box 271-Mi, New ing that special relationship. Per- Vernon, NJ 07976. fect gift. Send $4 to: Gollub, 321 Queen St., PA 19147. — Readable radical scholarship. Re- Philadelphia, cent articles: Thailand, N. and S. BE (LASSIFILI) Korea, India, China, Indonesia, access, the hi-weekly journal of Vietnam, Japan. List, free; sub- media reform, is the only publica- INFORMXI'ION scription, $9; 1 $2.50. Bulle- tion that covers media-reform is- copy, sues and in $36, tin of ConcernedAsia,, Scholars, exclusively depth. Box W, Charlemont,MA 01339. institutions; $24, individuals; $18, For as little as Sb, can to all 50 states students, 1028 Connecticut you speak access, thru Mother Jones Classifieds. Your message will be Attn: community organizers and Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20036. housing activists. Special issue of travelingto more than 722,000 dedicatedreaders, Shelterforce (a national housing Beauty contests on thejob? Women so a strong responseis assured. publication) features analysis of paid 801 a day? Read about new U.S. cities and Carter's urban forms of control in the personnel Here's policy. Review copy, $1. Special global electronics industry in The mymessage: group rates. Shelterforce, Dept. Changing Role ofSoutheast Asian MJ, 380 Main St., East Orange, Women, $1.50 each.Southeast Asia NJ 07018. Chronicle, Dept. Q, P.O. Box 4000D, CA 94704. (Sub- Anarchist Cookbook, $9.85; Mini- Berkeley, Manual for the Urban Guerrilla, scriptions: $8/year.) $2.75; The Complete Book ofKnife to,, LockPick Arming the Third World, a new Fighting, $10.95; Design 8-page booklet detailing recent Manual, $5.50; Catalog, $1. Sur- vival 11108 U.S. arms transfers and their im- Books,Dept. M, Mag- pacton human in 10 selected noliaBlvd., North Hollywood, CA rights 91601. countries, including Iran, Nica- ragua, South Korea and South Rates(per word):1 issue: $10013 issues: 901/6 issues: 801/10 issues: 701. Nonprofitorganizations: 701 per word. Publishers' overstocks. Over Africa.This bookletalso.contains 4,000 Display ads: $80 per column inch (camera-ready). Columnwidth 1% inches. bargain books, all subjects. Free sections on thelargest corporations catalog. Hamilton, 98-54 Clap- involved, actions and resources. DEADLINE:The 15th of the month,2'/, months before the issue inwhich your I board, Danbury, CT 06810. Singlecopies: 151 each, plus 151 ad will appear (i.e.April 15th for the July issue) P0.boxes and phone numbers postage. Perhundred: $7plus 20% countas two words, abbreviations andzip codes, one word.Payment and sample Vietnam! Essays, translations, postage. Available from NAR- of your productor catalog must accompany ad copy photos. Tenth anniversary issue, MIC, a project of the American $3.50. Free index. Bulletin ofCa,,- Friends Service Committee, 1501 MOTHER JONES CLASSIFIEDS cerned Asia,, Scholars, Box W, Cherry St., Philadelphia, PA 625Third Street,San Francisco, CA 94107 Charlemont, MA 01339. 19102; (215) 241-7175.

JULY 1979 67 MU11-1l.K JUl Classifieds

Travel on foreign ships! Good pay. Rocky Mountain HealingArts In- 'Always for Pleasure" buttons, turn foryour opinion, you will in- No experience. Men, women. stitute offers a one-year program recipe, post card. Send $1 to: Lea crease your album collection. Ap- Stamped, self-addressed long en- in massage therapy.Also advanced Blank, 10341-M San Pablo, El plicants accepted on first-comeba- velope. Globetrotter, P.O. Box consultationtraining for practicing Cerrito, CA 94530. sis. For application, write: l266-MJB, Kansas City, MO health professionals. State, V.A. E.A.R.S., Inc., Dept. Mi, P.O. Box 64141. and AMTA approved. Write: PERSONALS 10245,5521 Center St., Milwaukee, RMHAI, P.O. Box 1881, Boulder, WI 53210.This researchprogram is Canvass Director: For social- CO 80306. Would like the loan of a $20 bill— guaranteed.©1979 E.A.R.S., Inc. change organization. Experience will return. Thank you. Ray Dis- preferred. Send resume: CCJ, 410 LIFESTYLES more, R. I, Box 13-C, Vallonia, MUSIC Broad,Central Falls, RI 02863. IN 47281. Join Twin Oaks. Integrate work, Chamber-music furniture: hard- Community organizers. ACORN friendship and radical political Lonely? Have nationwide friends. wood stands, benches and acces- needsorganizers to workwith low- values in a communal society be- Enclosestamp. Exciting, P.O. Box sories. Free catalog. Early Music and moderate-income families in gun in 1967.A new, gentle culture 324, Ontario, CA 91761. Stands,Drawer 290, P.O.Box 277, 14 states (AR, AZ, CO, FL, IA, basedon cooperation andequality, Palo Alto, CA 94302. Sexual advice on fan- LA, MI, MO, NV, OK, PA, SD, where women may choose to lead, problems, RELIGION TN, TX) for political and eco- and men nurture children. Write: tasies: Explicitly detailed sexual nomic Direct action on Twin Oaks, P-I,Louisa, VA 23093. advice on any given sexual situa- Counsel justice. tion.Be candid and so shall professionally—perform neighborhood deterioration, util- LITERARY totally weddings, baptisms—become a rates, taxes, health care, etc. SERVICES 1. Immediate handwritten reply. minister! Ordainment certificate, ity Lee Tangible results and enduring re- Your book printed. Biography Send $5 to: Heather Todd, c/o $10. Divinity degree, $25. Divine wards—long hours, low pay. Con- Press, Rt. 1-745, Aransas Pass, TX P.O. Box 580, Boston, MA 02117. ImmortalityChurch, Drawer4000, tact: Ann Lassen, ACORN, 628 78336. WA 99328. Help me find a way out. Sendmuch Dayton, Baronne, New Orleans, LA 70113: needed contributions. Mark La- (504) 523-1691. MERCHANDISE Become legally ordained minister. yang, 6031 London Rd., Duluth, Credentialssent for a $3 Prophylactic contraceptives. Free MN 55804. offering. Hawaii—Hawaii! Only $5 for em- list. Mother Earth Church, Dept. MJ, information that may price Lorussomo, 2307 469 Pacific, CA 93940. ployment Moody, Chicago, IL 60639. Help! Need money desperately. Monterey, change your life. Rush $5 to: in debt—medical etc. Koki-MJ,P.O. Box 27984, Hono- Deeply bills, Become legally ordained minister. "Support Your Local Anarchist" Any contributionsreally appreciat- lulu, HI 96827. buttons and 50c. Perform gay and straight wed- bumperstickers, ed. Send to: A. Sutton, Rt. 4, dings. $5 donation: Church of Mountain news- Buttons, bumperstickers, T-shirts, Box 815, Lot 3, Lutz, FL 33549. Box Rocky employment custom Kate World Peace,Dept. MJ, P.O. letter! Colorado,Idaho, Montana, printing—inquire. 12514, Denver, CO 80212. Current Donnelly,P.O. Box 271-Mi, New Long ago Ft. Benning lieutenant Wyoming! openings—all NJ at Ft. Lee 24 hours. occupations!Write for free details: Vernon, 07976. Crazy mix-up SERVICES Intermountain-4M, 3506 Birch, caused me to be late at club. Al- Polaroid halftones! Instant, pre- ways sorry. Secrets of how others see you. As- Cheyenne, WY 82001. screened, offset camera-ready pho- trological sign based upon your tographs.Illustrated report, $3.34. Humanist gentleman farmer seeks birth hour. Send data, SASEand Work in Japan! No experience, woman H. or Teach Bloomingville Grant-Society, companion. Sapien, $2 to: Carter, Pocomo,Nantucket, degree Japaneserequired. South Bloomingville, OH 43152. 5872 Boyer Rd., Mariposa, CA MA 02554. English conversation. Send busi- 95338. ness-sized SASEfor details. Japan- "ItDoesn't Matter Club." No mat- Résumé not working? You need 2, P.O. Box 336, Centralia, WA ter how bad we bounce more. Information: The 98531. thingsget, Desperatefemale needs $ bad!Liz Message back. Sojoin the ItDoesn't Matter Davis, P.O. Box 19075, Oakland, Refinery, P.O. Box 182-C, Lan- FILMS Club. Bumperstickers and mem- CA 94619. caster,PA 17604. bership cards;only $2.50 per mem- Explosive nuclear films. For a free bership. P.O. Box 24177, Oakland I have no Single Booklovers gets cultured, Lonely—needs friends. widowed or divorced catalog,contact GMP Films, P.O. Park, FL 33307. family;hoping someone willwrite single, per- Box 177-A,-Montague, MAOI351; to me. I'm a native ofManhattan, sonsacquainted. Established 1970. (413) 863-4754. No Nukes paraphernalia."No Nationwide. Write: Single Book- on N.Y., 28 years old, a fashion de- Nukes" T-shirt, $5.50 (green All letterswill beanswered. lovers, P.O. BoxAE, Swarthmore, Best film/audio production-consul- beige); rubber stamp, Frisbee, $2 signer. PA 19081. tation! Veterans of commercial Frederick Davis, P.O. Box B- each. "Karen Silkwood" T-shirt, 96000, Tamal, CA 94964. Free transcendental meditation se- media. Alternatives our specialty. $6 (white on black). S/M/L/XL, Reasonable, especially if topic is 100 cotton. Buttons, crets! (2stamps, please.) P.O. Box percent Black and white work better to- 13-i, Kent, OH 44240. suitable. Committed to human- bumperstickers, 50 each. Free gether. Become interracially in- kind. RMG Ltd., P.O. Box 6043, anti-nuke Kate catalog. Donnelly, volved. For information, write: Instant win—Now available, first Evansville, IN 47712. P.O. Box 271-Mi, New Vernon, Interracial Clubsof America, P.O. NJ 07976. instant Million $ prize lottery. FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS Box 1180-Mi, Middletown, CT Free details and membership: Ca- and 06457. nadian Money Club, Dept. CASH, Worldwide 65 Feminist Horizons—Largest English newspapers, most complete feminist gift store without classes. P.O. Box 1006, Adelaide Station, countries! Sampler: five countries College diplomas Toronto, Canada M5C 2K4. —$2.98. Free brochure. Multi- in the world. T-shirts,jewelry, vi- Accredited degrees by mail. Free brators, buttons, posters, ceram- details: ACSZ, Box newspapers, P.O. Box DE-M7, 5 Send for Northgate Utopia Health Center—emphasiz- Dana CA 92629. ics. Open days. 25 25195, Seattle, WA 98125. raw foods, Point, mail-ordercatalog. Feminist Hori- ing sprouting, fasting, West Pico Blvd., Peace Returnee? Call us. physicalconditioning, health edu- INSTRUCTION zons, 10586½ Corps cation. Dr. Ralph Cinque, Direc- Los Angeles, CA 90064. Need input for conference. (213) 439 396-5440. tor, Main, Yorktown, TX Instant Memory—New way to re- 78164; (512) 564-3670. member. 1968Eugene McCarthy campaign Short, simplemethod of $4 P.O. 645, RECORDS & TAPES buttons.Send to: Box Homebirth! detailednew acquiring powerful memory. No Duarte, CA 91010. Exciting, memorization,no key words. Re- Notice: record-raters wanted (no bookfor parents,Special Delivery. lease photographicmemory—stop Elegant, hand-craftedjournals (6" experience required). Each month Lavish illustrations and photo- forgetting! Liberates extraordinary x 9") of finest thick leather with you will receive nationallyreleased graphs. $9.95 plus 75 postage. knowledge, talents. Learn how you blank, removable pages. Comely albums to rate. There is no extra Alsowrite for free informationon remember,why you forget. Free in- oriental print sets off cover—or charge for the albumsyou receive. our cassette-tape courseand teach- formation. Institute of Advanced specify plain. $15.95, postpaid. You payonly a smallmembership er training. Informed l-Iomebirth, Thinking,845-i Via Lapaz,Pacific Rosebud-MJ, 117 Ocean Ave., fee, which covers all costs of the P.O. Box 788-i, Boulder, CO Palisades, CA 90272. San Francisco, CA 94112. albums.We pay allpostage. In re- 80306.

JULY 1979 68 MOTHER JONES Classifieds • Lose weight—guaranteed!! No Scorpio, 18 months till release, r Please attach current mailingLa- I drugs! No exercises! No strange seeks mail from serious-minded I diets! instruc- woman. Lawrence 7 be! tothis coupon and write your No starving!Simple young Lapin- new address below. Allow 4-6 tions, $5. Research Unlimited, sky, 02325, P.O. Box 1000, Leaven- weeks for: D Address change P.O. Box 7777, Dayton, WA worth, KS 66048. J Renewal 99328. E New subscription I TASTE TREATS Payment enclosed I Forgota birthday, anniversary,im- D Billnie portant meeting? We won't forget. Lox! Make your own deli-quality For mail reminder service, write: lox, easily.Guaranteed recipe, SI Elephant's Memory, P.O.Box 946, and SASE. Lox, P.O. Box 647, Boulder, CO 80306. Trinidad, CA 95570. Name WRITE TO PRISONERS Nutritious snacks with natural New address sweetness. Send $1 and SASE to: City Snacks, 726E. Solana, Tempe,AZ State/Zip Send Mother Jones to prison. 85281. Mother Jones SubscriptionDept. 1886 HaymarketSquare We free Wilarch salmon stew—best stew Marion,01-1 43302 get many requests for I E938j subscriptions from prisoners. ever laid tongue to. Parents and 3 We will beable to more childrenlove it! 8 minutes to sign up pre- Mac counterattack! convicts at base cost ifyou do- pare. Send $2 and SASE to: Wi- T-SHIRTS Big "Stop nate for each If larch P.O. Box Ronald" T-shirt. $6.50; red or $5 prisoner. Associates, 26561, Free info. Subversive you request, we will send you Philadelphia, PA 19126. Wildlife T-shirts, notecards and blue. Shirts, the name and address of your printsof a serious orhumorous na- P.O. Box242, Pomona,CA 91766. beneficiary. Send checks to: Notorious spaghetti-marijuana rec- ture. Send 25 for brochure to: ipe! $1, SASE: Mend, No. 1010, Tin Man. P.O. Box 1792-MJ, Mad- Black's Beach T-shirt and other MOTHER JONES 93-99 Nassau, New York, NY ison, WI 53701. items. Free catalog.Nude Beaches Box P, 625 Third St. 10038. Committee, P.O. Box 99581-M, San Francisco, CA 94107 "Boogie tillyou puke!" T-shirt for San Diego, CA 92109. Eight homemade recipe treats. $2 those who really get down! Sizes Write to Robert to: Beginnings, P.O. Bo 1095, S/M/L/XL—navy or red. $5.95 TRAVEL prisoner. Burt, CA 92345. REC 140-706, for intelligent, stimulat- Hesperia, plus 55c1 postage. Enterprises, and chess. P.O. Box 80335, Lincoln, NE Camp Unalayee—nonprofit back- ing correspondence Honey Cookie Book, $2. 25 deli- 68501. packingcampin NorthernCalifor- P.O. Box 45699, Lucasville, OH nutritious cookie and bar nia's 45699. cious, Trinity Alps. Ecological em- recipes with honey or molasses, 'Split Wood Not Atoms" T-shirt, phasis. Coed; ages 10 to 17. 1176 Prisoner, 30, white, college-edu- P.O. Box 743, Williams Bay, WI $6.25. Brochure, 25i. Woods Peo- Emerson St.,Palo Alto, CA94301; cated, computer programmer, 53191. ple, Hampden, ME 04444. (415) 328-1513.

THE ONLY AUTHORIZED SILK SCREEN PRINTED JACKSON BROWNE T-SHIRTS SaturateBefore Using PROCEEDS GO TO A Red& Black Porteaii on Thu Shiet Coming Soon FUTURE Late For The Sky NON-NUCLEAR Blue & OrangeLettering on Black shirt ForEveryman GRATEFUL Black Woodcut Artwork on '155Shirt The Pretender Mother DEAD Blue & Wh,te letteringon NavyShirt In on Jones Running Empty Full-ColorAlbuto Art no Tan Shirt DavidBromberg Band Mother Jones has Blue, Gold& Red00 White W/Blue 7010, The Ghost of Jonestown. usually Carly Simon reserved her fire for and the Madeota & Srowts or, Tao Shirt corporadoes Right. Dan Fogelberg This time, we scrutinize an outspoken social gadfly & Tim Welsbetg Twin Sonsof DWerent Mothers who is allegedly on our side. Grey& Blue Albon, Portraits on 'ISo Shirt LindaRonstadt Exporting Nukes. Would you buy a nuclear power Living In The USA surrounded on an earth- FultColor Photo on Tar. Shirt plant by volcanoes, sitting Jesse CoHnYoung quake fault, in the midst ofan area Washed by tidal Black, Slicer & Btue Purlralton Blue AndrewGold waves? The U.S. is trying to sell one. BurguodyPortrait on While Shirt Is Environmentalists that the Bed, Blue& Slicer Artwork on Black Crosby-Nash ArizonaSinking? say TO ORDER: Blue& Orange Letteei.tg on Biach Shirt water table is Print your name, address, styles and Bill Walton acting upset. sizes desired(s, m, I, xl) on a sheetof Full Color Action Pose on Tan Shirt paper. Include $6,7s pershirt. California Russian Odyssey. Are there any revolutionariesleft residentsadd 6% tax. Out of USA send Jack Clark $7.50 US currency, international money Right Fielder, S.F. Giants in Russia? MotherJones searchesthe Soviet Union order for each shirt. All our shirts are Oroogr & Biack Action Pour onTon Shiet 100% cotton,heas-yweight, men'sstyle. BonnieRaitt to find out. Wholesale inquiries welcomed, Rust &Beon'n Portraiion Tan Shirt PACIFIC Karla Bonoff Plus: the Vietnam movies; men, women and the Black & Browo Poeteait tarTan Shirt new Macha ethic; the biggest consumerrecall ever; ALLIANCE Dennis Eckersley T-SHIRTS Pitcher, Boston Red Sox the Americanization of China and much, much P. 0. Box 1738, Studio Md Red &ISackAction Pose on Tan Shirt more. L San Luis Obispo,CA 93406 The China Syndrome Pause ChoeltV O'edceatID. No. Yellow & Red Lctteringon Navy Shin

JULY 1979 69 1

Fill out this check and save the children For only 52 aday (just $16 a month) you can befrienda needychild through Save the Children. Yourmoney, combined with thatof othersponsors, can breathe new life intoan impoverished village..,help hardworking people in theirfight for dignity.. .turndespair into hopefor achild who hasknown only disaster.52 maynot buymuch where you live. Butfor the poorest of the poor, wherethe needis so desperate, it can workmiracles. Foryour first monthly sponsorship contribution, justfill out andsign the check at the top ofthis page(yes, as longas you indicate your bank name and accountnumber, it is negotiable). Mail the entire page to Save the Children. Of course, you may use your personal checkif you prefer. TELL US HOW YOU WANT TO HELP BY ANSWERING THESE QUESTIONS.

Yourname. (pleaseprint) Address (",itv State Zip What kind of child wouldyou Would you like to correspond the handling of its funds. Based on last I like to help? 4 with your sponsored child? year's audit, an exceptionally largeper- o Boy 0 Girl 0 Either If desired, correspondence can help centage (75.8%) ofeach dollarspent builda meaningful one-to-one relation- was used for program services and What geographical area are ship.Translations, where necessary, are direct aid to children and their commu- 2 you Interested in? supplied by Save the Children. nities. Due to volunteered laborand Urgent needexists in all the areas listed EYes ONo materials, your donation provides your below. Select an area, or let us assign a sponsored child with benefits worth times total Would child where the needis greatest. Would you like information many your gift. you the child's like to receive an informative Annual o Where the 0 Indian (U.S.) 5about community? a need Is Indonesia Several times a year you can receive Report (including summary finanpial 0 statement)? greatest 0 Inner Cities detailed reportson community activities to benefit child. These EYes LINo o Africa (U.S.) your sponsored (A completeaudit statementis available o Appalachia 0 Israel community reports showhow your upon request.) (U.S.) 0 Korea money is beingused mosteffectively for o Bangladesh 0 Lebanon permanent improvements to the child's Would you rather make a o Chicano (U.S.) 0 Mediterranean environment—for health care, educa- 7 contributionthan become a o Colombia 0 Mexico tion, food production, nutrition, and at this time? Dominican Rural South community training. Would you liketo sponsor o 0 Yes, enclosed is my contribution of Republic (U.S.) receive suchinformation? Honduras DYes ONo o 0 Check here for general information Would like a of Do wish verification of about our unique programs for aiding you picture you children. 3your sponsored child? 6 Savethe Children credentials? impoverished Shortly after we select Save the Children is indeed proudof © 1978 SAVETHE CHILDREN FEDERATION, INC achild foryou, we can MJ 7/9 send you a photograph Mail to: and brief personal history, ifyou desire. DYes ONo Save the Children® 50 Wilton Road,Westport, Connecticut 06880 Attn: David L. Guyer, President YOUR SPONSORSHIP PAYMENTSAND CONTRIBUTIONS ARE U.S. INCOME TAX DEDUCTIBLE. Established 1932.The original U.S. child sponsorship agency. Memberof the American Council of Voluntary Agenciesfor Foreign Service.